Introduction

Crime prevention is the day to day activities of police officer to safeguard the society against
crime and to dry up the various sources of crime. To perform crime prevention functions police
uses different methods and tactics such as patrol, search, guard, VIP, escort and so on.
All these functions shall also supported by government, society and other concerned organs
through the educational, social and informational institutions. The two day trip is focused on
some methods of patrol that are used in Ethiopia such as Dog patrol, Horse patrol and CCTV
camera.

Closed-circuit television camera ( CCTV Camera)

Closed-circuit television ( CCTV ), also known as video surveillance is the use of video cameras
to transmit a signal to a specific place, on a limited set of monitors. It differs from broadcast
television in that the signal is not openly transmitted, though it may employ point-to-point (P2P),
point-to-multipoint (P2MP), or mesh wired or wireless links. Though almost all video cameras
fit this definition, the term is most often applied to those used for surveillance in areas that may
need monitoring such as banks, stores, and other areas where security is needed. Surveillance of
the public using CCTV is common in many areas around the world. In recent years, the use of
body worn video cameras has been introduced as a new form of surveillance, often used in law
enforcement, with cameras located on a police officer's chest or head. An early mechanical
CCTV system was developed in June 1927 by Russian physicist Léon Theremin. In the U.S. the
first commercial closed-circuit television system became available in 1949, called Vericon.
During the 1990s, digital multiplexing was developed, allowing several cameras to record at
once, as well as time lapse and motion-only recording. This saved time and money which then
led to an increase in the use of CCTV. Recently CCTV technology has been enhanced with a
shift toward Internet-based products and systems, and other technological developments.

Advantage

 Crime prevention

 Use in private homes

  Increasing safety and security in public transport

 Use in schools

 Crime solving

 Traffic monitoring

 Use in Sporting events

 Employee monitoring

Disadvantage

Criminals may use surveillance cameras to monitor the public. For example, a hidden camera at
an ATM can capture people's PINs as they are entered, without their knowledge. The devices are
small enough not to be noticed, and are placed where they can monitor the keypad of the
machine as people enter their PINs. Images may be transmitted wirelessly to the criminal. Even
lawful surveillance cameras sometimes have their data go into the hands of people who have no
legal right to receive it. Video surveillance has generated significant debate about balancing its
use with individuals' right to privacy even when in public.

Dogs (Canine)Patrols

One of the most valuable tools ever enlists in the law enforcement profession is Dog (Canine ).
Dogs (Canine) is used by law enforcement agencies to search for lost children and to locate jail
and prison escapees. German Shepherd dog is a very important dog which is useful for police
work because of their unique traits or behavior.

German Shepherd Temperament and Personality

The ideal German Shepherd is direct, fearless and confident. When he comes from parents who
have good temperaments and has been socialized to become familiar with many different people,
sights and sounds, he is an intelligent, easy to train, devoted, protective and fun-loving dog. The
German Shepherd is naturally protective of his home and property and will always alert you to
strangers or intruders, but if you welcome someone into your home, your German Shepherd will
accept them, too. He will also get along with other pets, especially if he is brought up with them
from puppyhood. German Shepherds are smart and learn quickly that cats rule! The German
Shepherd needs a job. While many German Shepherds are raised successfully in kennel
situations, these are working dogs who have demanding and interesting tasks to do that give
them the needed exercise and mental stimulation. If your Shepherd is a family companion, he
needs to live indoors with your family and receive opportunities to exercise his brain such as
learning tricks, helping you around the house by picking things up and bringing them to you or
serving the community as a therapy dog. He will enjoy going for walks or hikes, chasing a ball,
or getting involved in a dog sport. He doesn’t need to live in a large house with a yard, but if you
live in an apartment or condo, you must be able to give him plenty of walks or other daily
exercise and opportunities to relieve himself during the day. Otherwise, he'll be lonely, bored and
destructive. German Shepherds are smart, active dogs who will do best with smart, active owners
able to give them focused attention, exercise, training, and lots of one-on-one time. There are
few dog breeds whose fans don't call them “intelligent,” but in the case of the German Shepherd
Dog, that's probably an understatement. They are extremely intelligent and famously trainable.
Their intelligence means they don’t suffer fools – or wimpy owners – gladly, which means
consistent training from an early age is not optional. Those brains, if not put to work in
constructive ways, will find plenty of destructive alternatives. Their genes tell them to be a
guardian, a police dog, a guide dog, a search and rescue dog.

Advantage

The canine’s superior sense of smell and accurate hearing enables the canine handler to conduct
thorough and complete searches within a minimum of time than other personnel. Dogs also have
been used quite successfully during searches of suspicious vehicles to locate drugs being
smuggled in hidden compartments (sections). Dogs have also been used to search airports, public
buildings, bus terminals and railway stations for hidden explosive devices. Dogs are naturally
endowed distinct abilities. They are more alert, swifter (quicker), lower to the ground, and can
see better in the dark than their human partners.

Disadvantage
 Trained dogs and making relationship with their partners is difficult.
 Costs large sums of money to purchase a trained dog.
 Require months to learn their tasks and become certified for patrol of search activities
 Horse patrol.
Horse patrols also known as mounted patrol. The Mounted Patrol is a team of officers who, in
addition to their regular duties, are selected to train and be available to work various assignments
on horseback as needed. These assignments include search and rescue, crowd control, patrolling
areas where numerous crimes are occurring, public relations, etc. These officers and their horses
undergo extensive training to ensure preparedness for their various missions. Even though it is
difficult to know the exact time when horse patrol was started in Ethiopia, some documents
indicate that horse patrol was began in 1905 E.C. When Arada Zebenya operates as the city
police in A/A. It was known as horse guard (Yeferesenya Zebenya) division and had 60 police
officers. Moreover, evidences show that Addis Ababa’s Horse-Mounted Police division was
reestablished during the Italian invasion.

Advantage:-
 In areas of large expanses (vastness) of land that automobiles cannot easily travel (or may
be restricted from traveling), horse patrols may prove useful.
 Horse patrols can be used very effectively in crowd control, potentially riotous sporting
events, large crowd gatherings such as might congregate during a parade (show-off) or
protest. It has an advantage for observation over officers on foot or in the car.
Disadvantage
 They have limited storage space. Unlike patrol car, horses simply do not have a trunk.
 While they are quite agile (quick moving), and useful in pursuing a suspect who is on
foot, a horse-mounted patrol officer is no match for a speeding automobile.
 Horses are fairly expensive to purchase, and even more expensive to maintain.
Particularly, horses those are imported for such purpose are too expensive to purchase in
Ethiopia.
 Horses may easily run off when pierced by sharp objects and may cause injury on
pedestrians.

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Reference

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Closed-circuit_television

Module of Crime prevention function and road traffic safety for diploma program

https://www.yorkcountysheriff.com/184/Mounted-Patrol.

www.vetstreet.com/dogs/german-shepherd-dog#personality