TEXT 1

1. To seek efficiency —attempt to find the quality or degree of being efficient

2. Efficient — 1. (of a system or machine) achieving maximum productivity
with minimum wasted effort or expense. "more efficient processing of
information" 2. (of a person) working in a well-organized and competent way.
3. To be contented with — feeling or showing satisfaction with one's
possessions, status, or situation: a contented smile. They lived a contented
life.
4. To acquire goods — buy or obtain goods for oneself.
5. To be reliant — to depend on someone or something. When you're reliant on
a person, you need that person. There are a lot ways people and things can be
reliant. Kids are reliant on their parents for food and shelter.
6. Economic gamage — Economic damages refers to compensation for
objectively verifiable monetary losses such as past and future medical
expenses, loss of past and future earnings, loss of use of property, costs of
repair or replacement, the economic value of domestic services, and loss of
employment or business opportunities.
7. To be at risk — to be in a situation where something unpleasant might
happen. Up to 25,000 jobs are still at risk. An estimated seven million people
are at risk of starvation. If they have the virus they are putting patients at risk.
8. Primarily motivated — very motivated; highly motivated: very enthusiastic
or determined because you really want to do something: He was primarily
motivated by the desire for profit.
9. To motivate — to make someone feel determined to do something or
enthusiastic about doing it.
10.Highly industrualized (nation) — used to describe a country, economy, area,
etc. that has many businesses and factories involved in producing goods: an
industrialized economy/country/nation.
11.Hold sway — have great power or influence over a particular person, place,
or domain: "they had held sway in France for a quarter of a century"
12.To endure satisfaction:
To endure something — 1 : to continue in the same state : last entry the style
endured for centuries. 2 : to remain firm under suffering or misfortune without
yielding though it is difficult, we must endure. transitive verb. 1 : to undergo
especially without giving in : suffer endure hardships endured great pain.
 Satisfaction — fulfilment of one's wishes, expectations, or needs, or the
pleasure derived from this; the payment of a debt or fulfilment of an
obligation or claim.
13.To derive pleasure from one's standard of living:
14.Derive pleasure — If you derive something such as pleasure or benefit from
a person or from something, you get it from them.
Standard of living — the degree of wealth and material comfort available to a
person or community.
15.Grind to a halt — to stop working or moving forward: The machinery slowly
ground to a halt
16.Growth-orientated economy — Economic growth is measured by the
change in national output over time. The definition says that, Economics is
concerned with determining the pattern of employment of scarce resources to
produce commodities 'over time'.
17.The tendency to overconsume:
Tendency — movement in a particular direction, an inclination toward a
certain line of action (whether or not the action follows), and is often the
result of inherent qualities, nature, or habit: a tendency to procrastinate.
18.To generate desire:
Desire — a strong feeling of wanting to have something or wishing for
something to happen; generate — produce or create.
19.Bring out — 1.produce and launch a new product or publication: "the
magazine will also be bringing out a book in November to celebrate its 40th
anniversary" 2. make something more evident; emphasize something: "the
shawl brings out the colour of your eyes"
20.A set of (physiological factors) — A set of things is a number of things that
belong together or that are thought of as a group.
21.To be shaped by the people's level of expectation:
Expectation is defined as believing that something is going to happen or
believing that something should be a certain way.
22.To raise someone's hopes — to make someone hope or expect that
something will be very good or successful.
23.To be attainable — to be possible to achieve: We must ensure that we do not
set ourselves goals that are not attainable.
24.Ambiguous relationships — occur when the data represented by a query
subject or dimension can be viewed in more than one context or role, or can
be joined in more than one way.
 ambiguous — open to more than one interpretation; not having one obvious
meaning.
25.A lack of correlation — low degree of correlation.
Correlation — 1. a mutual relationship or connection between two or more
things. 2. the process of establishing a relationship or connection between two
or more things.
26.To meet somebody's desire — to satisfy somebody's wishes or hopes
27.Wide availability of goods — having a great extent of goods
28.To aspire to higher levels of material wealth — to direct (someone) to be
richer
To aspire — direct one's hopes or ambitions towards achieving something.
Higher levels — at or of a level that is higher in position or status
29.Material wealth — The state of being rich
30.To maintain a growth economy — cause to continue an increase of
economy
To maintain — cause or enable (a condition or situation) to continue
Growth economy — Economic growth is an increase in the production of
economic goods and services, compared from one period of time to another.
31.To manipulate people's perceptions — to control people's understanding of
something
To manipulate — control or influence
Perception — the ability to see, hear, or become aware of something through
the senses; the way in which something is regarded, understood, or
interpreted.
32.To define somebody's aspirations in term of products:
To define — to describe the meaning or character of something
Aspiration — a hope or ambition of achieving something
In term of — to mention a piece of information as a possibility
Products — an article or substance that is manufactured or refined for sale.
TALKING SHOP
33.Waft-  to gradually move through the air
34.fixture- a piece of furniture or equipment that is fixed inside
a house or building and is usually sold with it

35.bulk- in large amounts

36.pre-packaged - already wrapped or in a container

37.grocery - [countable] American English a supermarket

38.stock-control - In a company or shop, stock control is the system of
making certain that new supplies are ordered and that goods have not
been stolen.

39.mark-up – the amount by which the price of something is increased before it

is sold again:

40.eye-level – If something is at eye level, it is positioned at approximately the

same height as your eyes.

41.dump bins – a container used to hold and display goods in a store:

42.resist a bargain – something on sale at a lower price than its true value:

43.complementation – the action of complementing something.

44.staples – a short, thin piece of wire used to fasten sheets of paper together. It

has sharp ends that are pushed through the paper and then bent flat by
a special device.

45.tempting – very attractive and making you want to have or do it

46.profit lines – A profit is an amount of money that you gain when you are paid
more for something than it cost you to make, get, or do it.

47.gamble – to do something that involves risks that

might result in loss of money or failure, hoping to
get money or achieve success:

48.ware – pottery (= objects made out of clay) of a particular type or make

49.chainstores- one of a group of shops that belong to a single company, have

the same appearance, and sell similar goods

50.pioneering work- Pioneering work or a pioneering individual does something

that has not been done before, for example by developing or using
new methods or techniques.

51.Display  - to put things in a place where people can see them easily

52.Testament (свидетельствует) - proof or evidence that something exists or is

true

53.Fortnight - period of 14 days : two weeks

54.take advantage of  (извлекать выгоду) – exploit for one’s own benefit

55.mark-up staples(Повышение цен на основные продукты питания) – add a

certain amount to the cost of goods to cover overhead and profit

56.thrift shop –  shop that sells secondhand articles and especially clothes and is
often run for charitable purposes.

57.‘loss leaders’ – a product that is sold for less than it is worth in order to
attract customers

58.prominent place(видное место) – the place which is easily noticed or seen

59.in chain store – a store that has the same name and basic appearance as other
stores that sell the same kind of goods and are owned by the same company

60.still holds – still fair

61.obliged to (обязан)– to constrain by physical, moral, or legal force or by the

exigencies of circumstance <obliged to find a job>

62.give careful thought to (тщательно обдумайте) – to think seriously about

smth

63.pattern (шаблонны)– something that happens in a regular and repeated way

64.Sales area (торговый зал) – one of the areas where a company sells its
products or services, often an area for which a particular sales person or
particular sales people are responsible

65.Reluctant to (неохотный)  - unwilling and slow to do something

66.stray off – to wander away, as from the correct path or from a given area.

67.In-store promotion – is a marketing strategy that is meant to bring people

into the store and to purchase specific items

68.succulent roasts – meat  that is juicy and good to eat.

69.Irresistible – so attractive or desirable that you cannot stop yourself from

wanting it

70.Cook-chill cabinets – is a simple, controlled system of advanced food

preparation designed to provide more flexibility in foodservice. The technique
 involves the full cooking of food, followed by rapid chilling and storage at
controlled temperatures (for up to five days).

71.Trigger(спровоцировать) – to make smth happen

72.increase sales by (увеличить продажи за счет) – to introduce new products

or services, expand your market, increase your marketing activities or
improve customer service by smth

73.Impulse shopper (импульсивный покупатель) - person who buys goods

without planning to do so in advance, as a result of a sudden whim or impulse.

74.Setting out - to arrange and present graphically or systematically / b : to mark

out (as a design) : lay out the plan of

75.Merchandise(товар) – things that are for sale in stores:

76.Displaying limited fashion wear - showing or demonstrate  the clothes

which are not very great in amount or number / not very great in amount or
number of popular clothes

THE PSYCHOLOGY OF SELLING

77.Retail DEF - the sale of goods in shops to customers, for their own use and
not for selling to anyone else. (Розничная продажа)

78.to rely on (highly) sophisticated techniques – to trust on advanced and

complicated methods that work in a way you need or expect.

79.packaging of (merchandise) DEF – a way of making goods seem attractive

and interesting to buy. (Упаковка товаров)

80.(clever) positioning of (goods) – reasonable and effective way of putting

goods in a correct place. (продуманное расположение товаров).

81.to lead sb gently / with deadly accuracy WF – to guide sb carefully / in a

very effective way. (ввести кого-нибудь осторожно / с убойной
точностью).

82.to maximize sales COL – to increase the total number of products that are
sold during a particular period of time. (Повысить продаваемость товаров).
83.to compete for ones right to do sth – to try to gain rights to services than
others.

84.to display products – to put goods in a place where people can see them.
(Выставлять товары).

85.(section) between waist height and eye level – a position of goods

approximately in the height of your waist and eyes.

86.to take note of sth COL – to pay attention to sth, SYN notice

87.to serve oneself (in a supermarket) – to help the customers in a shop,

especially by bringing them the things that they want.

88.to keep ones wits about (IDIOM) – to stay calm and rational, especially in
times of stress.

89.to resist the retailers ploys COL – to fight against shopkeepers tricks
(противостоять уловкам розничных продавцов).

ADVERTISING

90.by virtue of sth - by means of, or as a result of something

91.to be enviable - an enviable quality, position, or possession is good and other

people would like to have it

92.to constitute glamour - чтобы создать гламур

93.to manufacture good - goods that are made using machines

94.to put/live other candidates in the shade IDIOM – оставить других

кандидатов незамеченными в тени.

95.rock-bottom prices IDIOM -  самые низкие цены

96.bargains galore in the sales DEF – изобилие сделок на распродажах

97. to indulge yourself with – побаловать себя чем то

98. sumptuous - very impressive and expensive

99. opulent - very beautiful, with a lot of decoration, and made

from expensive materials SYN luxurious
100. to be tantalizingly appealing – быть соблазнительно привлекательным

101. alluring - a mysterious, exciting, or desirable quality

102. classified ads DEF - a small advertisement you put in a newspaper to buy

or sell something SYN small ad

103. a TV commercial DEF - radio or television broadcasts that are produced by

companies that earn money through advertising

104. sky-writing DEF - the process of using one or more small aircraft, able to
expel special smoke during flight, to fly in certain patterns that
create writing readable from the ground. These messages can
be advertisements

105. a carrier bag DEF - a bag that you are given in a shop, to carry the things
you have bought

BRANDS

106. adhering to-believe in and follow the practices of

107. stands for-an attitude towards a particular issue; a position taken in an

argument

108. conform for-behave according to socially acceptable conventions or

standards

109. hordes of lookalikes-a large group of people, who look similar to each
other

110. seduced into-entice (someone) to do or believe something inadvisable or

foolhardy

111. presume-suppose that something is the case on the basis of

probability(presume quality)

112. crave for-feel a powerful desire for (something)

113. shallow-minded-lacking intellectual or mental depth or subtlety; superficial

114. brand junkie-someone who has to have something because the brand of the
product has become more important than the product itself

115. blazoned all over it-to set evidently or publicly; display; proclaim
116. forking out-to pay (money, goods, etc), esp with reluctance

117. contagious magic-magic based on the assumption that things once

associated are able to affect one another when separated so that anything
done to an object (as a garment or a hair) will affect its former owner

118. herd mentality-the tendency of the people in a group to think and behave in
ways that conform with others in the group rather than as individuals

119. ostracised-exclude from a society or group.

120. to be outcast from -a person who has been rejected or ostracized by their
society or social group

121. pushy- excessively or unpleasantly self-assertive or ambitious.

122. reconquer -successfully overcome (a problem or weakness)

123. disposable incomes-income remaining after deduction of taxes and social

security charges, available to be spent or saved as one wishes.

124. enslaved-to make a slave of; hold (someone) in slavery or bondage

125. owe reputation-be under a moral obligation to give someone (gratitude,

respect, etc.) for reputation

A BIG HIT WITH THE KID

126. to discern - to see, notice, or understand something by looking at it or

thinking about it carefully

127. loophole - small mistake in a law that makes it possible to avoid doing
something that the law is supposed to make you do:

128. dressed up - to change your appearance by wearing special or unusual

clothes

129. bought into - to start to do something that a lot of other people are doing,
or to believe something that a lot of other people believe.

130. materialistic cyborgs - is a being with both organic and biomechatronic

body parts

131. pastering parents - the ability possessed by a child to nag a parent

relentlessly until the parent succumbs and agrees to the child's request.
132. susceptible to - easily influenced or persuaded by other people

133. to be woefully - used to emphasize how bad a situation is

134. marketing niche - an advertising strategy that focuses on a unique target

market

135. web-savvy children - children with advanced skills in the use of

computers

136. digital marketing - a new way for companies to approach consumers and
understand their behavior by using multi – media

137. to incentivise smbd to smth - to make someone want to do something:

138. to groom - to prepare someone for an important job or position in society

by training him or her over a long period:

139. patronizing - talking to someone or treating someone in a way that shows

you think he or she is not as intelligent or as important as you

140. pester power - the ability that children have to make their parents buy
something, by asking for it many times until they get it

141. overburdened - to give a person, organization, or system too much work or

too many problems to deal with

seeded blogging – strategic marketing approach