FMT (Must Know)

Dr. Jayaprakash K., M.D. (K.M.C.
Manipal)
Professor of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp

forensicjp
forensicjp
Welcome to FMT
forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
forensicjp
forensicjp
1
Dr. Jayaprakash K., M.D. (K.M.C. Manipal)
forensicjp
1. A person forensicjp
giving false forensicjp forensicjp
evidence under forensicjp
oath will forensicjp
be punished under forensicjp forensicjp
a) Section 191 IPC
b) Section 192
forensicjp IPC
forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
forensicjp
c) forensicjp
Section 193 IPC forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
d) Section 197 IPC
191 → Giving false evidence (Perjury) - Definition
192 → Fabricating false evidence – Definition
forensicjp forensicjp
193 → Punishment for forensicjp
Sec. 191, 192forensicjp
and 197 IPCforensicjp forensicjp
(Up to 7 years forensicjp forensicjp
of imprisonment)
197 → Issuing or signingforensicjp forensicjp
false certificate forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
– Definition 2
forensicjp
2. In case offorensicjp forensicjp
civil negligence forensicjp
during medical forensicjp
practice, forensicjp
the onus of proof forensicjp
lies on forensicjp
a) The doctor
b) The patient
forensicjp
c) Hospital forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
forensicjp
d) forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
The lawyer forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
3
forensicjp
RES forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
IPSA LOQUITUR
4
forensicjp
All forensicjp
the following forensicjp
conditions forensicjp
of defenses forensicjp
available forensicjp
to a doctor forensicjpofforensicjp
against allegations
negligence EXCEPT
a) Medical forensicjp
forensicjp maloccurence
forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
forensicjp
b) Res ipsa forensicjp
loquitur forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
c) Therapeutic misadventure
forensicjp
d) forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
Error of judgement forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
5

CONTRIBUTORY/CONCURRENT forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
NEGLIGENCE
forensicjp Only in CIVIL CASES
6
forensicjp
Law forensicjp
does not forensicjp
consider the followingforensicjp
doctrine inforensicjp
a charge offorensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
criminal negligence
a) Contributory negligence
b) Error of judgement
c) Novus actus forensicjp forensicjp
interveniens forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
d) Res ipsa loquitur
7
‘Respondeat forensicjp
superior’ pertains to forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
a) Patient’s contribution towards negligence
b) Hospital’s
forensicjp contribution
forensicjp towards patient’s
forensicjp damage
forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
c) Responsibilities forensicjp
for actions forensicjp forensicjp
of a colleague forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
d) Responsibilities for action of junior
8
forensicjp
Law forensicjp
does not forensicjp
a charge offorensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
criminal negligence
a) Error of judgement
b) Vicariousforensicjp
forensicjp liability forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
c) Novus actus forensicjp forensicjp
interveniens forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
d) Res ipsa loquitur
9
forensicjp
Law forensicjp
does not forensicjp
a charge offorensicjp forensicjp
criminal negligence forensicjp
(PGI)
a) Contributory negligence
b) Error of judgement
forensicjp
c) Vicariousforensicjp
liability forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
d) Novus actus interveniens
forensicjp
e) Res ipsa forensicjp
loquitur forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
10

MEDICAL COUNCIL
Issues warning noticeforensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
(Code of conduct) forensicjp
Takes disciplinary actionforensicjp forensicjp
on doctors who
forensicjp
to all theforensicjp forensicjp
doctors at the forensicjp forensicjp
time of registration forensicjp
violates the codeforensicjp
of conduct forensicjp
forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp 11
DISCIPLINARY
forensicjp forensicjpCONTROL BY SMC
(On conviction,
forensicjp complaint,
forensicjp Suo moto)
forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjpTemporary
forensicjp
Warning forensicjp
Monetary forensicjp
penalty forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
Penal erasure
forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjpPermanent
forensicjp(Prof. death sentence)
forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
1st Appeal forensicjp
Ethics forensicjp
and Medical forensicjp
Registration Board forensicjp
2nd Appeal NMCforensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
Doctor can also forensicjp
appeal to HC/SC forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
forensicjp
A doctor canforensicjp forensicjp
appeal against forensicjp
disciplinary action forensicjp forensicjp
taken by SMC to forensicjp forensicjp
a) National Medical Commission
b) Indian Medical
forensicjp Association
c) Central health forensicjp forensicjp
ministry forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
d) Central defence ministry
13
forensicjp
Which forensicjp
one of forensicjp
the following forensicjpaction
is the disciplinary forensicjp forensicjpMisconduct’?
for ‘Professional forensicjp forensicjp
a) Imprisonment
b) Penal erasure
forensicjp
c) Warningforensicjp
notice forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
d) None of the above
14
forensicjp
Warning forensicjp
is issued forensicjpmedical
to a registered forensicjp forensicjp
practitioner for forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
a) Unethical Practice
b) Wrong diagnosis
c) Wrong treatment forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
15
forensicjp
Warning forensicjp
notice is issuedforensicjp forensicjp
to a registered medicalforensicjp forensicjp
practitioner for forensicjp forensicjp
a) Unethical Practice
b) Wrong diagnosis
c) Wrong treatment forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
16
forensicjp
Which of theforensicjp forensicjp
following is forensicjp
the disciplinary actionforensicjp forensicjp
Misconduct’?
a) Penal erasure
b) Warningforensicjp
forensicjp notice forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
forensicjp
c) Both forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
d) None
17
forensicjp
Which of theforensicjp forensicjp
following can forensicjp action
be the disciplinary forensicjp forensicjp Misconduct’?
a) Penal erasure
b) Warningforensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
forensicjp
d) None
18

I.P.C. Sections related to RASH & NEGLIGENT ACT
Endangering life forensicjp
Causingforensicjp
hurt forensicjp
Causing forensicjp
grievous hurt forensicjp forensicjp
Causing death
forensicjp 336
forensicjp forensicjp 337forensicjp forensicjp 304Aforensicjp
338forensicjp forensicjp
forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp19
forensicjp
A forensicjp
doctor injects forensicjp
penicillin forensicjp
without giving forensicjp
test dose. forensicjp
The patient forensicjp
dies. P.M. forensicjp
Examination
reveals that the death is due to Myocardial Infarction. The doctor can
a) Be charged
forensicjp for civil negligence
b) Be charged forensicjp
for criminal forensicjp
negligence forensicjp
→ Sec. 336 forensicjp
IPC (Endangering life)forensicjp forensicjp
c) Be charged for both civil & criminal negligence
forensicjp
d) forensicjp
Not be charged forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
for negligence
forensicjp
A forensicjp
doctor injects forensicjp
penicillin forensicjp
without giving forensicjp
test dose. forensicjp
The patient forensicjp forensicjp
dies of anaphylactic shock.
The doctor can
a) Be charged
forensicjp for civil negligence
b) Be charged forensicjp
for criminal forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
negligence
c) Be charged for both civil & criminal negligence → Sec. 304A IPC + Compensation
forensicjp
d) forensicjp
Not be charged forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
for negligence
21
forensicjp 269
forensicjp
IPC forensicjp forensicjp
270 IPC forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
forensicjpNegligent act forensicjp
forensicjp Malignant act forensicjp
Likely to spread forensicjp
infection of diseaseforensicjp
dangerous forensicjp
to life forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
forensicjp
271 IPCforensicjp forensicjp
→ Disobedience forensicjp
to quarantine ruleforensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
22
forensicjp
A forensicjp
person presents with forensicjp
crush injuryforensicjp forensicjp
of both lower forensicjp
limbs in an forensicjp
emergency forensicjp
and refuses to
consent for surgery. Which among the following is true
a) The doctor
forensicjp can operate
forensicjp forcibly forensicjp
forensicjp since its emergency
b) The doctor forensicjp
can operate without forensicjp forensicjp
consent as consent is notforensicjp
necessary forensicjp
for surgery forensicjp
c) The doctor can operate without consent as consent is not necessary in emergency
forensicjp
d) forensicjp
The doctor forensicjp
cannot operate on theforensicjp
individual forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
forensicjp
3. forensicjp
Poison which forensicjp
can be detected forensicjp
even forensicjp
in exhumated forensicjp
decomposed forensicjp forensicjp
bodies
a) Mercury forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
forensicjp
b) Arsenic
forensicjp
c) Copper forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
forensicjp
d) Bismuth forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
POISONS
forensicjpWHICH RESISTforensicjp
forensicjp PUTREFACTION ARE: forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
forensicjp
 CO, cyanide,
fluoride, forensicjp
barbiturates, forensicjp
P, OP, endrin, forensicjp
strychnine, yellowforensicjp forensicjp
oleander, nicotine,
etc.
 Heavy metals
forensicjp like Arsenic,
forensicjp antimony,
forensicjp mercury,
forensicjp lead, thallium
forensicjp etc. forensicjp forensicjp
forensicjp 24
forensicjp
4. Magnan’sforensicjp
symptom isforensicjp forensicjp
seen in case forensicjp
of poisoning by forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
a) Cannabis forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
b) Cocaine
forensicjp
c) LSD forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
forensicjp
d) Datura forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
25

FORMICATION
 Tactile hallucination
 In cocaineforensicjp
forensicjp poisoning, forensicjp
it is known as:
forensicjp
o Magnan’sforensicjp forensicjp
symptoms/Coke forensicjpbugs
bugs/Cocaine forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
 In cocaine poisoning, it occurs together with delusion of persecution

forensicjp
Also seenforensicjp
in case of forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
o Amphetamine (k/aforensicjp
Meth mites)forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
o Alcohol
forensicjp withdrawalforensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
forensicjp
forensicjp
o Arsenicforensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
o Ergot
5. Invisible tattoos
forensicjp during
forensicjp autopsy can
forensicjp be detected
forensicjp by
forensicjp
a) Ultravioletforensicjp
rays forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
b) Infrared rays
c) Regional lymph
forensicjp node forensicjp
forensicjp biopsy forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
forensicjp
d) Local Skinforensicjp
biopsy forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
Gold/Platinum Chloride is used for corneal tattoo – Jet black stain
Latent tattoos
forensicjp are invisible
forensicjp tattoo forensicjp
forensicjp marks whichforensicjp
can be made visible byforensicjp
forensicjp ultraviolet rays
forensicjp
forensicjp
Old tattoos forensicjp
are made forensicjp forensicjp
readily visible forensicjp
by Infrared forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
photography
Latent tattoo in a dead body can be determined by Regional lymph node biopsy, where
there will forensicjp
forensicjp be presenceforensicjp
of dye forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
forensicjp
LASER is the forensicjp forensicjp
best method forensicjp
to remove tattoo forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp 27
forensicjp
sexual assault forensicjp
to a child, the hymenforensicjp
may not beforensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
ruptured because:
a) Elasticity forensicjp
forensicjp of the hymen forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
b) Hymen is deeply seated
forensicjp
c) Hymen isforensicjp
undeveloped forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
forensicjp
d) Hymen isforensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
tough in structure
POSTHUMOUS CHILD: forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
 A child born after the death of a biological parent
 Most instances
forensicjp of posthumous
forensicjp forensicjpbirth involve the
forensicjp birth of aforensicjp
forensicjp child after the death of forensicjp
forensicjp its father,
but the term forensicjp
is also applied forensicjp
to infants forensicjp
delivered forensicjp
after the death of theforensicjp forensicjp
mother, usually by
caesarean section
Posthumous forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
child is a child
a) Born after the death of the mother
b) Born after
forensicjp the deathforensicjp
forensicjp of the father
c) Born after the deathforensicjp forensicjp
of both father forensicjp
and mother forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
d) Any of the above
30
Posthumous child is a forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
a) Child born after the death of the mother
b) Child born
forensicjp after the death
forensicjp of theforensicjp
forensicjp father forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
c) May be a) or b) forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
d) Dead born child
31
forensicjp
Legally, forensicjp
abortion meansforensicjp forensicjp
– termination forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
of pregnancy
a) Up to 12 weeks of pregnancy
b) Up to 20forensicjp
forensicjp weeks of pregnancy
forensicjp
c) Anytimeforensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
before 28 weeks forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
d) At anytime before full term
32
forensicjp forensicjp OF
MEDICAL TERMINATION forensicjp
PREGNANCY forensicjp
(AMENDMENT)forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
BILL, 2020
Proposals:
forensicjp
1. Opinion offorensicjp
one RMP forforensicjp
termination forensicjp
of pregnancyforensicjp
up to 20 wks.forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
2. Opinion of 2 RMPs for termination of pregnancy of 20-24 wks.
3. Pregnancyforensicjp
forensicjp can be terminated up to 24
forensicjp weeks, onlyforensicjp
forensicjp in cases of: forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
forensicjp
a) Survivorsforensicjp
of rape forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
b) Victimsforensicjp
forensicjp of incest forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
c) Differently-abled forensicjp
women and forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
d) Minors forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
forensicjp
4. Failure of contraceptive in a woman orforensicjp
her partnerforensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
33
forensicjp
As per MTP forensicjp
(Amendment)forensicjp forensicjp
Bill, 2020, forensicjp
termination forensicjp
of pregnancy forensicjp
can be done in caseforensicjp
of
a) Contraceptive failure in a married woman
b) Contraceptive
forensicjp failureforensicjp
forensicjp in an unmarried woman
c) Contraceptive failureforensicjp
in anyone forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
34
forensicjp
Sec. forensicjp
376(2) IPC → forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
 Includes Custodial Rape → Rape by a person who is in a position of authority in his custody
 10 Y to Life
forensicjp imprisonment
forensicjp (Till theforensicjp
forensicjp reminder offorensicjp
life) forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
Sec. 376C IPC →
forensicjp forensicjpbyforensicjp
 Sexual intercourse a person, whoforensicjp forensicjp
is in a position forensicjp
of authority, forensicjp
taking advantageforensicjp
of his
official position forensicjp forensicjp
to induce/seduce any womanforensicjp forensicjp
to have sexual forensicjp
intercourse forensicjp
with him, not
amounting
forensicjp to rape forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
forensicjp
 5 Y – 10 Yforensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
forensicjp
forensicjp
POCSO ACT,forensicjp
2012 forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
 All offences under this act should be informed to police
Sec. 357C CrPC forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
 All hospitals should provide
1. Free Rxforensicjp
forensicjp to the victims of of Rape
forensicjp & Acid attack
forensicjp
2. Informforensicjp
the police forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
If not, → Punishable
forensicjp forensicjp u/sforensicjp
166B IPC forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
Sec. 228A IPC
 Disclosure
forensicjp of identityforensicjp
forensicjp of the victim of Rape forensicjp
forensicjp
 Up to 2 Yforensicjp
+ Fine forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
36
forensicjp
7. forensicjp
Most widely forensicjp
used illegal drug is forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
a) Cocaine forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
b) Tobacco
c) Amphetamine forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
forensicjp
d) Cannabis forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
37
forensicjp
8. Accordingforensicjp forensicjp
to the Mental forensicjp
Health Act, forensicjp
the maximum forensicjp
duration possibleforensicjp forensicjp
for voluntary
admission is
forensicjp
a) 24 hours forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
forensicjp
b) 48 hours forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
c) 15 days forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
d) 30 days
38
forensicjp
suspected sodomy, forensicjp
an anal forensicjp
swab was forensicjp
taken and on stainingforensicjp forensicjp
yellow needle
shaped crystals of picrate were detected. Which test is done?
forensicjp
a) Barberio’sforensicjp
test forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
forensicjp
b) forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
Florence test
c) Ammonium
forensicjp molybdate
forensicjp test
d) Acid phosphatase test
39
CONFIRMATORY forensicjp
TESTS FOR SEMEN:forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
1. Microscopy – Presence of sperm
forensicjp
2. Detectionforensicjp
of sperm forensicjp
specific LDHforensicjp
isoenzyme forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
 By electrophoresis
40

PRESUMPTIVE/SCREENING forensicjp
TESTS FOR SEMEN: forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
1. UV light → Blue white color
2. Seminal Acid
forensicjp phosphatase
forensicjp (SAP) test
forensicjp → MC forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
forensicjp
forensicjp
3. Barberio’sforensicjp forensicjp
test → Spermine forensicjp
picrate forensicjp
(yellow needle shapedforensicjp
crystals) forensicjp forensicjp
4. Florence test → Choline iodide (Dark brown rhombic crystals)
7. TLC → Choline forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
+ Spermine
forensicjp
8. CPK → Evenforensicjp forensicjp
in old stains forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
of 6 months
forensicjp
LUMINOL TESTforensicjp forensicjptest
→ Best screening forensicjp
for Blood forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
 The reagent is Aminophthalhydrazide that exhibits chemiluminescence, with a blue glow
 Invisible blood
forensicjp stains forensicjp
forensicjp can be identified even inforensicjp
forensicjp case of washed blood forensicjp forensicjp
forensicjp
forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjpDetection
forensicjp
up toforensicjp forensicjp
minimum 7 weeks
forensicjp
BLOOD forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
 Spectroscopic examination → The BEST confirmatory test in both recent and old stains
 Best test forensicjp
forensicjp to know Grouping in oldforensicjp
forensicjp stains forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
Acid elution forensicjp
or Absorption forensicjp
elution test, forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
 Absorption inhibition test and
Latte’s forensicjp
forensicjp crust method forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
forensicjp
 Best test forensicjp
to know Ageforensicjp
of the stainforensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
-> Immunoelectrophoresis
 Precipitinforensicjp
forensicjp test is SPECIES SPECIFICforensicjp
forensicjp test forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
forensicjp
10. forensicjp
The given forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
image shows
a) Mummification
b) Decomposition
forensicjp
c) Burns forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
forensicjp
d) Adipocereforensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
44

45
forensicjp of
Suggestive forensicjp forensicjp
ante-mortem death inforensicjp
burns is forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
a) Heat hematoma
b) Heat fracture
c) Heat rupture forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
46
forensicjp
FILIGREE forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
BURNS
 D/t rupture of RBCs along the path of current
47

48
forensicjp
11. A patientforensicjp forensicjp
comes with forensicjp forensicjp
blackish discolouration in the postforensicjp forensicjp
auricular region. forensicjp
The sign is
called
a) Greissinger’s sign forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
forensicjp
b) forensicjp
Gradenigo’s sign forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
c) Trotter’s sign
d) Battle sign
49
forensicjp
12. forensicjp
The maximum age offorensicjp
the personforensicjp forensicjp
by the analysis forensicjp
of carpal forensicjp
bones in this X-ray is forensicjp
a) 5 years
forensicjp
b) 7 years forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
c) 10 years forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
d) 13 years
50
forensicjp
CARPAL forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
BONES
2m
3m forensicjp
forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp 4-5y
forensicjp4-5y
H
forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp C
forensicjp T
forensicjp T
P forensicjp
T forensicjp
L forensicjp
S forensicjp
Tm
Td forensicjp
9-12y forensicjp
3y forensicjp
4y forensicjp forensicjp
4-5y
forensicjpHforensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
Age in years No. of carpal bones
C
P 1 2
S forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
forensicjpT forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp2forensicjp forensicjp
2 forensicjp forensicjp
L
forensicjp forensicjp 3
forensicjp forensicjp3forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp 4forensicjp forensicjp
forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp5forensicjp forensicjp
forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp12forensicjp forensicjp
51

52
forensicjp
What is the forensicjp forensicjp
predicted bone forensicjp
age from forensicjp given
the wrist radiograph forensicjp
belowforensicjp
(AIIMS Mayforensicjp
16)
a) 18-19 years
b) 20-22 years
c) < 15 years forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
Td forensicjp
Tm
d) < 17.5 years H
C forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
S forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
T
L forensicjp forensicjp
53
forensicjp
The maximumforensicjp forensicjp
age of the person byforensicjp
the analysisforensicjp forensicjp
of carpal bones in this forensicjp
X-ray is forensicjp
a) 5 years
b) 7 years forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
forensicjp
c) 10 yearsforensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
Td forensicjp
Tm
d) 13 years H
C forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
S forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
T
L forensicjp forensicjp
54
forensicjp the
Determine forensicjp forensicjp
age of the individualforensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
a) 2 years
b) 4 years forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
forensicjp
c) 6 years forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
d) 11 years
H
C
forensicjp forensicjp Tforensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
L forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
55
forensicjp the
a) 1 year
b) 2 years
forensicjp
d) 4 years
56
forensicjp the
Determine forensicjp
maximum forensicjp
age of theforensicjp
individual forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
a) 1 year
b) 2 years
forensicjp
d) 4 years
57
forensicjp the
a) < 1 year
b) 1 year forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
forensicjp
d) 3 years
58
forensicjpSIGNS
DEFINITE forensicjp
OF A.M.forensicjp
HANGING forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
59
forensicjp
2. forensicjp
Ammusat’s sign forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
60
forensicjp
3. forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
La facies sympathique:
61
forensicjp
In throttling:forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
Skin: Six penny
forensicjp bruises (Multiple,
forensicjp forensicjpsmall bruises caused
forensicjp by fingertips
forensicjp pulps) andforensicjp
and fingerforensicjp
forensicjp nail marks
forensicjp
S.C. forensicjp
tissues in forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
neck: Ecchymosis
forensicjp
Neck forensicjp
muscles: Extensiveforensicjp
bruising forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
Carotid artery: Intimal tear in 10 -15% of cases
forensicjp
Hyoid bone:forensicjp
#s in 30-50% forensicjp
of cases forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
Thyroid
forensicjpcartilage: # of superior
forensicjp hornforensicjp
forensicjp (Common) forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
Cricoid cartilage: May show #
forensicjp
Tracheal forensicjp
rings: May show forensicjp
# forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp 62

a) Throttling
b) Hanging
forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp c) Traumatic
asphyxia
d) Choking
63
FRACTURE
forensicjp OF HYOID
forensicjp BONE IN
forensicjp ASPHYXIAL
forensicjp DEATHS forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
forensicjp
Antero-posterior/Outward
forensicjp Inward compression
forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp#forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
compression
forensicjp # or Abduction
forensicjp # forensicjp
forensicjp or Adduction # forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
forensicjp
Hanging forensicjp forensicjp
(15-20%) Throttlingforensicjp
(30-50%) forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp(MC)forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
64
forensicjp
A forensicjp
person is brought forensicjp
dead forensicjp
to the mortuary. forensicjp
History revealedforensicjp forensicjp
that he collapsed whileforensicjp
having
dinner. On examination, there was cyanosis, petechial haemorrhages and a bolus of food in
the larynx. Blood
forensicjp alcohol
forensicjp level was forensicjp
forensicjp 120mg%. The probable forensicjp
forensicjp cause of death is
forensicjp
a) Chokingforensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
b) Café coronary
c) Alcohol forensicjp
forensicjp intoxicationforensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
forensicjp
d) None offorensicjp
the above forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
65
forensicjpAsphyxia
Traumatic forensicjp forensicjp
(Crush forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
Asphyxia)
66

67
Postural/Positional forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
Asphyxi
68
forensicjpposition:
Jack-knife forensicjp forensicjp
Knee forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
– chest position
69

70
forensicjp
The forensicjp
word “jack forensicjp
knife position” forensicjp
is associated forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
with
a) Positional asphyxia
b) Traumatic
forensicjp asphyxia forensicjp forensicjp
forensicjp
d) None
71
forensicjp
Cause forensicjp
of death forensicjp
in prolonged forensicjp
jack knife positionforensicjp
is due to forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
forensicjp
a) Burking
b) Traumatic
forensicjp asphyxia forensicjp forensicjp
c) Positional asphyxia forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
d) Wedging
72
forensicjp
Jack forensicjp
knife position may forensicjp
cause deathforensicjp
due to forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
a) Traumatic asphyxia
b)
forensicjp Wrong question
Burking forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
forensicjp
c) Wedgingforensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
d) Positional asphyxia
73
forensicjpSIGNS
DEFINITE forensicjp forensicjp DROWNING
OF ANTEMORTEM forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
1. Cadaveric Spasm With Weeds/Grass In The Hand
74
forensicjp
2. forensicjp
Emphysema Acquosumforensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
75
forensicjp
3. forensicjp
Copious amount forensicjp
of White, forensicjp
Fine, Leathery forensicjp
Froth forensicjp
(D/t Emphysema forensicjp forensicjp
Acquosum)
76
forensicjp
4. Paltauff’sforensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
Haemorhages
77
forensicjp
5. Diatoms forensicjp forensicjp
( ? ) → The MLI forensicjp
of diatoms forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
is controversial
If the same forensicjp
species of diatoms forensicjp
present forensicjp
in the drowning media isforensicjp forensicjp
present in bone marrow forensicjp
and if
the victim had not drunk the same water before submersion is the most important internal sign of
antemortem
forensicjp drowning forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
forensicjp
forensicjp
The forensicjp
conclusive evidenceforensicjp forensicjp
of death due forensicjp
to drowning is forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
a) Water in the stomach
b) Temporal
forensicjp bone haemorhages
forensicjp
c) Diatomsforensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
in the organs forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
79

80

81

82

83

84

85

86


88

89

90

91

92

93
forensicjp
The forensicjp
most likely organ toforensicjp
be damagedforensicjp forensicjptrauma
in blunt abdominal forensicjp
is forensicjp forensicjp
a) Liver
b) Spleen forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
forensicjp
c) Kidney forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
d) Intestine
94
forensicjp
The chamberforensicjp forensicjp
of heart most prone toforensicjp forensicjp
penetrating stab injuryforensicjp
a) Right atrium forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
b) Left atrium
c) Right ventricle forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
forensicjp forensicjp 20% 5%
d) Left ventricle
40% forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
35%
95
forensicjp
Out of heartforensicjp
chambers, forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
beeding is comparatively forensicjp
less in case forensicjp
of stab injury over forensicjp
a) Right atrium forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
b) Left atrium
c) Right ventricle forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
d) Left ventricle
96
forensicjp
The forensicjp
commonest forensicjp
organ involved forensicjp abdominal
in penetrating forensicjp injury
forensicjp
a) Liver
b) Spleen forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
c) Small intestine forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
d) Large intestine
97
forensicjp
 All acids forensicjp forensicjp
cause Coagulative forensicjp
necrosis forensicjp
(Exception: HF → LN)forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
 Alkalies cause
forensicjp Liquefactive
forensicjp necrosis
 In corossives,
NO Singeing forensicjp
, NO Red forensicjp
line and NO forensicjp
Blisters (Except forensicjp
in Formic acid) forensicjp
HYDROFLUORIC forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
ACID (HF)
 Severe throbbing pain
 Tissue destruction
forensicjp forensicjpand necrosis forensicjp
 Acidosis
 Hypocalcemia
 Hypomagnesemia forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
 Hyperkalemia
99
forensicjp
In poisoningforensicjp forensicjp
by nitric acid, the colorforensicjp forensicjp
of the stomach mucosaforensicjp
a) Black
b) Grey forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
forensicjp
c) Yellow forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
d) Dark-brown
100
forensicjp
Lead line →forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
Lead osteopathy
 Increased metaphyseal density
 D/t deposition
forensicjp of Caforensicjp forensicjp
101
forensicjp Contact Close

forensicjp Near
forensicjp forensicjp Intermediateforensicjp
forensicjp Distant
shot range/shot range/shot range/shot range/shot
forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp Till
A--------------------B-------------------C----------------------D------------------------ forensicjp
the target
forensicjp
Upforensicjp
to 2m forensicjp forensicjp
2 - 4m forensicjp forensicjp >forensicjp
4m forensicjp
 Exit wounds
forensicjp are generally
forensicjp not seen
forensicjp in shotguns,
forensicjp & if seen,forensicjp
forensicjp it’s seen only in contactforensicjp
forensicjp shots

Lead snowstorm Bird shot
104

forensicjp Bird shot forensicjp
forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp Lead snowstorm
105

forensicjp Obscure
forensicjp forensicjp v/s Negative
forensicjp Autopsy
106
forensicjp
If the cause forensicjp forensicjpeven
of death is unknown forensicjp forensicjp
after detailed forensicjp
examination forensicjp forensicjp
and investigations, it is
known as
a) Negativeforensicjp
forensicjp autopsy forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
forensicjp
b) Obscureforensicjp
autopsy forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
c) Either a) or b)
forensicjp
d) None forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
107
forensicjp
In forensicjp
an autopsy, forensicjp
if there are forensicjp
no findings even afterforensicjp forensicjp and
detailed examination forensicjp forensicjp
investigations, it
is known as
forensicjp
c) Either a) or b)
forensicjp
108
forensicjp
In forensicjp
an autopsy, forensicjp
if there are forensicjp
minimal findings, butforensicjp forensicjp
cannot correlate forensicjp
with the cause offorensicjp
death
even after detailed examination and investigations, it is known as
forensicjp
c) Either a) or b)
forensicjp
109
forensicjp
En forensicjp
masse removal forensicjp
at autopsy forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
is called
a) Letulle’s technique ‘En masse’ or ‘En bloc’ dissection
b) Ghon’s technique
forensicjp forensicjp ‘Block by block’
forensicjp dissectionforensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
forensicjp
forensicjp
c) Virchow’sforensicjp
techniqueforensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp forensicjp
d) Rokitansky technique

forensicjp
forensicjp
Wish you all the best
forensicjp
forensicjp
111

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Dr. Jayaprakash K., M.D. (K.M.C.

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