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Secondary Side
Synchronous Rectification
Driver for High Efficiency
SMPS Topologies
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The NCP4305 is high performance driver tailored to control a
synchronous rectification MOSFET in switch mode power supplies. MARKING
Thanks to its high performance drivers and versatility, it can be used in DIAGRAMS
various topologies such as DCM or CCM flyback, quasi resonant 8 8
flyback, forward and half bridge resonant LLC. 1 NCP4305x
The combination of externally adjustable minimum off-time and SOIC−8 ALYW G
on-time blanking periods helps to fight the ringing induced by the PCB D SUFFIX G
layout and other parasitic elements. A reliable and noise less operation CASE 751
1
of the SR system is insured due to the Self Synchronization feature. The
NCP4305 also utilizes Kelvin connection of the driver to the MOSFET
to achieve high efficiency operation at full load and utilizes a light load
detection architecture to achieve high efficiency at light load. 1 4305x
The precise turn−off threshold, extremely low turn−off delay time DFN8 ALYWG
and high sink current capability of the driver allow the maximum MN SUFFIX G
synchronous rectification MOSFET conduction time and enables CASE 488AF
maximum SMPS efficiency. The high accuracy driver and 5 V gate
clamp enables the use of GaN FETs.
1
Features 5xMG
• Self−Contained Control of Synchronous Rectifier in CCM, DCM and WDFN8
MT SUFFIX
G
QR for Flyback, Forward or LLC Applications CASE 511AT
• Precise True Secondary Zero Current Detection
• Typically 12 ns Turn off Delay from Current Sense Input to Driver
4305x = Specific Device Code
x = A, B, C, D or Q
• Rugged Current Sense Pin (up to 200 V) A = Assembly Location
• Ultrafast Turn−off Trigger Interface/Disable Input (7.5 ns) L = Wafer Lot
Y = Year
• Adjustable Minimum ON−Time W = Work Week
• Adjustable Minimum OFF-Time with Ringing Detection M = Date Code
G = Pb−Free Package
• Adjustable Maximum ON−Time for CCM Controlling of Primary
(Note: Microdot may be in either location)
QR Controller
• Improved Robust Self Synchronization Capability
ORDERING INFORMATION
• 8 A / 4 A Peak Current Sink / Source Drive Capability
See detailed ordering and shipping information on page 49 of
• Operating Voltage Range up to VCC = 35 V this data sheet.
• Automatic Light−load & Disable Mode
• Adaptive Gate Drive Clamp Typical Applications
• GaN Transistor Driving Capability (options A and C) • Notebook Adapters
• Low Startup and Disable Current Consumption • High Power Density AC/DC Power Supplies (Cell
• Maximum Operation Frequency up to 1 MHz Phone Chargers)
• SOIC-8 and DFN−8 (4x4) and WDFN8 (2x2) Packages
• LCD TVs
• These are Pb−Free Devices
• All SMPS with High Efficiency Requirements
Figure 1. Typical Application Example − LLC Converter with Optional LLD and Trigger Utilization
Figure 2. Typical Application Example − DCM, CCM or QR Flyback Converter with optional LLD and Disabled
TRIG
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NCP4305
Figure 3. Typical Application Example − Primary Side Flyback Converter with optional LLD and Disabled TRIG
Figure 4. Typical Application Example − QR Converter − Capability to Force Primary into CCM Under Heavy
Loads utilizing MAX−TON
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NCP4305
5 − TRIG/DIS Ultrafast turn−off input that can be used to turn off the SR MOSFET in CCM applica-
tions in order to improve efficiency. Activates disable mode if pulled−up for more than
100 ms.
6 6 CS Current sense pin detects if the current flows through the SR MOSFET and/or its body
diode. Basic turn−off detection threshold is 0 mV. A resistor in series with this pin can
decrease the turn off threshold if needed.
7 7 GND Ground connection for the SR MOSFET driver and VCC decoupling capacitor. Ground
connection for minimum on and off time adjust resistors, LLD and trigger inputs.
GND pin should be wired directly to the SR MOSFET source terminal/soldering point
using Kelvin connection. DFN8 exposed flag should be connected to GND
Disable detection
MIN_TON ADJ ELAPSED
& LLD
DISABLE
Minimum ON time V DRV clamp
generator modulation
EN
V_DRV
control
VDD
100mA
CS_ON DRV Out DRV
DRIVER
CS CS CS_OFF
detection Control logic
CS_RESET
V DD
RESET
MIN_TOFF ADJ
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NCP4305
Disable detection
ELAPSED LLD
DISABLE &
MIN_TON ADJ Minimum ON time V DRV clamp
generator modulation
EN
V_DRV
control
VDD
100mA
CS_ON DRV Out DRV
DRIVER
CS CS CS_OFF
detection
CS_RESET Control logic
VDD
RESET
ELAPSED
MAX_TON ADJ Maximum ON time
generator GND
EN
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NCP4305
TRIG/DIS, MIN_TON, MIN_TOFF, MAX_TON, LLD Input Voltage VTRIG/DIS, −0.3 to VCC V
VMIN_TON,
VMIN_TOFF,
VMAX_TON, VLLD
Driver Output Voltage VDRV −0.3 to 17.0 V
Current Sense Input Voltage VCS −4 to 200 V
Current Sense Dynamic Input Voltage (tPW = 200 ns) VCS_DYN −10 to 200 V
MIN_TON, MIN_TOFF, MAX_TON, LLD, TRIG Input Current IMIN_TON, IMIN_TOFF, −10 to 10 mA
IMAX_TON, ILLD, ITRIG
Junction to Air Thermal Resistance, 1 oz 1 in2 Copper Area, SOIC8 RqJ−A_SOIC8 160 °C/W
Junction to Air Thermal Resistance, 1 oz 1 in2 Copper Area, DFN8 RqJ−A_DFN8 80 °C/W
Junction to Air Thermal Resistance, 1 oz 1 in2 Copper Area, WDFN8 RqJ−A_WDFN8 160 °C/W
Maximum Junction Temperature TJMAX 150 °C
Storage Temperature TSTG −60 to 150 °C
ESD Capability, Human Body Model, Except Pin 6, per JESD22−A114E ESDHBM 2000 V
ESD Capability, Human Body Model, Pin 6, per JESD22−A114E ESDHBM 1000 V
ESD Capability, Machine Model, per JESD22−A115−A ESDMM 200 V
ESD Capability, Charged Device Model, Except Pin 6, per JESD22−C101F ESDCDM 750 V
ESD Capability, Charged Device Model, Pin 6, per JESD22−C101F ESDCDM 250 V
Stresses exceeding those listed in the Maximum Ratings table may damage the device. If any of these limits are exceeded, device functionality
should not be assumed, damage may occur and reliability may be affected.
1. This device meets latch−up tests defined by JEDEC Standard JESD78D Class I.
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
−40°C ≤ TJ ≤ 125°C; VCC = 12 V; CDRV = 0 nF; RMIN_TON = RMIN_TOFF = 10 kW; VTRIG/DIS = 0 V; VLLD = 0 V; VCS = −1 to +4 V; fCS =
100 kHz, DCCS = 50%, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TJ = +25°C
Parameter Test Conditions Symbol Min Typ Max Unit
SUPPLY SECTION
VCC UVLO (ver. B & C) VCC rising VCCON 8.3 8.8 9.3 V
VCC falling VCCOFF 7.3 7.8 8.3
VCC UVLO Hysteresis (ver. B & C) VCCHYS 1.0 V
VCC UVLO (ver. A, D & Q) VCC rising VCCON 4.20 4.45 4.70 V
VCC falling VCCOFF 3.70 3.95 4.20
VCC UVLO Hysteresis VCCHYS 0.5 V
(ver. A, D & Q)
Start−up Delay VCC rising from 0 to VCCON + 1 V @ tr = 10 ms tSTART_DEL 75 125 ms
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NCP4305
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
−40°C ≤ TJ ≤ 125°C; VCC = 12 V; CDRV = 0 nF; RMIN_TON = RMIN_TOFF = 10 kW; VTRIG/DIS = 0 V; VLLD = 0 V; VCS = −1 to +4 V; fCS =
100 kHz, DCCS = 50%, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TJ = +25°C
Parameter Test Conditions Symbol Min Typ Max Unit
SUPPLY SECTION
Current Consumption, CLOAD = 0 nF, fSW = 500 kHz A, C ICC 3.3 4.0 5.6 mA
RMIN_TON = RMIN_TOFF = 0 kW
B, D, Q 3.8 4.5 6.0
CLOAD = 1 nF, fSW = 500 kHz A, C 4.5 6.0 7.5
B, D, Q 7.7 9.0 10.7
CLOAD = 10 nF, fSW = 500 kHz A, C 20 25 30
B, D, Q 40 50 60
Current Consumption No switching, VCS = 0 V, RMIN_TON = RMIN_TOFF ICC 1.5 2.0 2.5 mA
=0k
Current Consumption below UVLO No switching, VCC = VCCOFF – 0.1 V, VCS = 0 V ICC_UVLO 75 125 mA
Current Consumption in Disable VLLD = VCC − 0.1 V, VCS = 0 V ICC_DIS 40 55 70 mA
Mode
VTRIG = 5 V, VLLD = VCC – 3 V, VCS = 0 V 45 65 80
DRIVER OUTPUT
Output Voltage Rise−Time CLOAD = 10 nF, 10% to 90% VDRVMAX tr 40 55 ns
Output Voltage Fall−Time CLOAD = 10 nF, 90% to 10% VDRVMAX tf 20 35 ns
Driver Source Resistance RDRV_SOURCE 1.2 W
Driver Sink Resistance RDRV_SINK 0.5 W
Output Peak Source Current IDRV_SOURCE 4 A
Output Peak Sink Current IDRV_SINK 8 A
Maximum Driver Output Voltage VCC = 35 V, CLOAD > 1 nF, VLLD = 0 V, VDRVMAX 9.0 9.5 10.5 V
(ver. B, D and Q)
VCC = 35 V, CLOAD > 1 nF, VLLD = 0 V, (ver. A, C) 4.3 4.7 5.5
Minimum Driver Output Voltage VCC = VCCOFF + 200 mV, VLLD = 0 V, (ver. B) VDRVMIN 7.2 7.8 8.5 V
VCC = VCCOFF + 200 mV, VLLD = 0 V, (ver. C) 4.2 4.7 5.3
VCC = VCCOFF + 200 mV, VLLD = 0 V, (ver. A) 3.6 4.0 4.4
VCC = VCCOFF + 200 mV, VLLD = 0 V, (ver. D, Q) 3.8 4.0 4.4
Minimum Driver Output Voltage VLLD = VCC − VLLDREC V VDRVLLDMIN 0.0 0.4 1.2 V
CS INPUT
Total Propagation Delay From CS VCS goes down from 4 to −1 V, tf_CS = 5 ns tPD_ON 35 60 ns
to DRV Output On
Total Propagation Delay From CS VCS goes up from −1 to 4 V, tr_CS = 5 ns tPD_OFF 12 23 ns
to DRV Output Off
CS Bias Current VCS = −20 mV ICS −105 −100 −95 mA
Turn On CS Threshold Voltage VTH_CS_ON −120 −75 −40 mV
Turn Off CS Threshold Voltage Guaranteed by Design VTH_CS_OFF −1 0 mV
Turn Off Timer Reset Threshold VTH_CS_RESET 0.42 0.48 0.54 V
Voltage
CS Leakage Current VCS = 200 V ICS_LEAKAGE 0.4 mA
TRIGGER DISABLE INPUT
Minimum Trigger Pulse Duration VTRIG = 5 V; Shorter pulses may not be tTRIG_PW_MIN 10 ns
proceeded
Trigger Threshold Voltage VTRIG_TH 1.95 2.02 2.15 V
Trigger to DRV Propagation Delay VTRIG goes from 0 to 5 V, tr_TRIG = 5 ns tPD_TRIG 7.5 12.5 ns
Trigger Blank Time After DRV VCS drops below VTH_CS_ON tTRIG_BLANK 35 50 65 ns
Turn−on Event
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NCP4305
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
−40°C ≤ TJ ≤ 125°C; VCC = 12 V; CDRV = 0 nF; RMIN_TON = RMIN_TOFF = 10 kW; VTRIG/DIS = 0 V; VLLD = 0 V; VCS = −1 to +4 V; fCS =
100 kHz, DCCS = 50%, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TJ = +25°C
Parameter Test Conditions Symbol Min Typ Max Unit
TRIGGER DISABLE INPUT
Delay to Disable Mode VTRIG = 5 V tDIS_TIM 85 100 115 ms
Disable Recovery Timer VTRIG goes down from 5 to 0 V tDIS_REC 6 8 10 ms
Minimum Pulse Duration to Disable VTRIG = 0 V; Shorter pulses may not be tDIS_END_MIN 200 ns
Mode End proceeded
Pull Down Current VTRIG = 5 V ITRIG 9 13 16 mA
MINIMUM tON and tOFF ADJUST
Minimum tON time RMIN_TON = 0 W tON_MIN 35 55 75 ns
Minimum tOFF time RMIN_TOFF = 0 W tOFF_MIN 190 245 290 ns
Minimum tON time RMIN_TON = 10 kW tON_MIN 0.92 1.00 1.08 ms
Minimum tOFF time RMIN_TOFF = 10 kW tOFF_MIN 0.92 1.00 1.08 ms
Minimum tON time RMIN_TON = 50 kW tON_MIN 4.62 5.00 5.38 ms
Minimum tOFF time RMIN_TOFF = 50 kW tOFF_MIN 4.62 5.00 5.38 ms
MAXIMUM tON ADJUST
Maximum tON Time VMAX_TON = 3 V tON_MAX 4.3 4.8 5.3 ms
Maximum tON Time VMAX_TON = 0.3 V tON_MAX 41 48 55 ms
Maximum tON Output Current VMAX_TON = 0.3 V IMAX_TON −105 −100 −95 mA
LLD INPUT
Disable Threshold VLLD_DIS = VCC − VLLD VLLD_DIS 0.8 0.9 1.0 V
Recovery Threshold VLLD_REC = VCC − VLLD VLLD_REC 0.9 1.0 1.1 V
Disable Hysteresis VLLD_DISH 0.1 V
Disable Time Hysteresis Disable to Normal, Normal to Disable tLLD_DISH 45 ms
Disable Recovery Time tLLD_DIS_REC 9.0 12.5 15.0 ms
Low Pass Filter Frequency fLPLLD 6 10 13 kHz
Driver Voltage Clamp Threshold VDRV = VDRVMAX, VLLDMAX = VCC − VLLD VLLDMAX 2.0 V
Product parametric performance is indicated in the Electrical Characteristics for the listed test conditions, unless otherwise noted. Product
performance may not be indicated by the Electrical Characteristics if operated under different conditions.
TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS
4.7 9.3
4.6 9.1
4.5 VCCON 8.9 VCCON
4.4 8.7
4.3 8.5
VCC (V)
VCC (V)
4.2 8.3
4.1 8.1
4.0 VCCOFF 7.9 VCCOFF
3.9 7.7
3.8 7.5
3.7 7.3
−40 −20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 −40 −20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120
TJ (°C) TJ (°C)
Figure 7. VCCON and VCCOFF Levels, Figure 8. VCCON and VCCOFF Levels,
ver. A, D, Q ver. B, C
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NCP4305
TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS
6
TJ = 55°C TJ = 85°C 120
TJ = 25°C TJ = 125°C
5
100
ICC_UVLO (mA)
80
TJ = 0°C
ICC (mA)
3 60
TJ = −20°C
2 TJ = −40°C 40
1 20
0 0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 −40 −20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120
VCC (V) TJ (°C)
Figure 9. Current Consumption, CDRV = 0 nF, Figure 10. Current Consumption, VCC =
fCS = 500 kHz, ver. D VCCOFF − 0.1 V, VCS = 0 V, ver. D
30 60
CDRV = 10 nF CDRV = 10 nF
25 50
20 40
ICC (mA)
ICC (mA)
15 30
10 20
CDRV = 1 nF
CDRV = 1 nF
5 10
CDRV = 0 nF CDRV = 0 nF
0 0
−40 −20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 −40 −20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120
TJ (°C) TJ (°C)
Figure 11. Current Consumption, VCC = 12 V, Figure 12. Current Consumption, VCC = 12 V,
VCS = −1 to 4 V, fCS = 500 kHz, ver. A VCS = −1 to 4 V, fCS = 500 kHz, ver. D
70 80
65 75
70
60
ICC_DIS (mA)
ICC_DIS (mA)
65
55
60
50
55
45 50
40 45
−40 −20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 −40 −20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120
TJ (°C) TJ (°C)
Figure 13. Current Consumption in Disable, Figure 14. Current Consumption in Disable,
VCC = 12 V, VCS = 0 V, VLLD = VCC − 0.1 V VCC = 12 V, VCS = 0 V, VLLD = VCC − 3 V, VTRIG =
5V
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NCP4305
TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS
−90 0
−92
−0.2
−94
−96 −0.4
TJ = 125°C
−98
ICS (mA)
ICS (mA)
−0.6 TJ = 85°C
−100 TJ = 55°C
−0.8 TJ = 25°C
−102
TJ = 0°C
−104 −1.0 TJ = −20°C
−106 TJ = −40°C
−1.2
−108
−110 −1.4
−40 −20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 −1.0 −0.8 −0.6 −0.4 −0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
TJ (°C) VCS (V)
Figure 15. CS Current, VCS = −20 mV Figure 16. CS Current, VCC = 12 V
3.0 −30
2.5 −50
VTH_CS_ON (mV)
2.0 −70
ICC (mA)
1.0 0.60
0.5
0.55
VTH_CS_RESET (V)
VTH_CS_OFF (mV)
−0.5 0.50
−1.0
0.45
−1.5
−2.0 0.40
−40 −20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 −40 −20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120
TJ (°C) TJ (°C)
Figure 19. CS Turn−off Threshold Figure 20. CS Reset Threshold
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NCP4305
TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS
0.80 200
0.75 180
0.70 160
VTH_CS_RESET (V)
0.65 140
ICS_LEAKAGE (nA)
0.60 120
0.55 100
0.50 80
0.45 60
0.40 40
0.35 20
0.30 0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 −40 −20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120
VCC (V) TJ (°C)
Figure 21. CS Reset Threshold Figure 22. CS Leakage, VCS = 200 V
60 24
55 22
20
50
18
tPD_OFF (ns)
45
tPD_ON (ns)
16
40 14
35 12
10
30
8
25 6
20 4
−40 −20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 −40 −20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120
TJ (°C) TJ (°C)
Figure 23. Propagation Delay from CS to DRV Figure 24. Propagation Delay from CS to DRV
Output On Output Off
2.15 2.5
2.13 2.4
2.11 2.3
2.09 2.2
VTRIG_TH (V)
VTRIG_TH (V)
2.07 2.1
2.05 2.0
2.03 1.9
2.01 1.8 TJ = 125°C TJ = 0°C
TJ = 85°C TJ = −20°C
1.99 1.7 TJ = 55°C TJ = −40°C
1.97 1.6 TJ = 25°C
1.95 1.5
−40 −20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
TJ (°C) VCC (V)
Figure 25. Trigger Threshold, VCC = 12 V Figure 26. Trigger Threshold
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NCP4305
TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS
16 14
15 12
14 10
ITRIG (mA)
ITRIG (mA)
13 8
12 6
TJ = 125°C TJ = 0°C
11 4 TJ = 85°C TJ = −20°C
TJ = 55°C TJ = −40°C
10 2 TJ = 25°C
9 0
−40 −20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0
TJ (°C) VTRIG (V)
Figure 27. Trigger Pull Down Current Figure 28. Trigger Pull Down Current,
VCC = 12 V
14 115
12 110
10 105
tPD_TRIG (ns)
tDIS_TIM (ms)
8 100
6 95
4 90
2 85
−40 −20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 −40 −20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120
TJ (°C) TJ (°C)
Figure 29. Propagation Delay from Trigger to Figure 30. Delay to Disable Mode, VTRIG = 5 V
Driver Output Off
75 1.08
70 1.06
65 1.04
tMIN_TON (ns)
tMIN_TON (ms)
60 1.02
55 1.00
50 0.98
45 0.96
40 0.94
35 0.92
−40 −20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 −40 −20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120
TJ (°C) TJ (°C)
Figure 31. Minimum On−time RMIN_TON = 0 W Figure 32. Minimum On−time RMIN_TON = 10 kW
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NCP4305
TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS
5.4 290
5.3 280
270
5.2
260
tMIN_TOFF (ns)
tMIN_TON (ms)
5.1 250
5.0 240
4.9 230
220
4.8
210
4.7 200
4.6 190
−40 −20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 −40 −20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120
TJ (°C) TJ (°C)
Figure 33. Minimum On−time RMIN_TON = 50 kW Figure 34. Minimum Off−time RMIN_TOFF = 0 W
1.08 5.4
1.06 5.3
1.04 5.2
tMIN_TOFF (ms)
tMIN_TOFF (ms)
1.02 5.1
1.00 5.0
0.98 4.9
0.96 4.8
0.94 4.7
0.92 4.6
−40 −20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 −40 −20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120
TJ (°C) TJ (°C)
Figure 35. Minimum Off−time RMIN_TOFF = Figure 36. Minimum Off−time RMIN_TOFF =
10 kW 50 kW
1.04 1.08
1.03 1.06
1.02 1.04
tMIN_TOFF (ms)
tMIN_TON (ms)
1.01 1.02
1.00 1.00
0.98 0.98
0.96 0.96
0.94 0.94
0.92 092
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
VCC (V) VCC (V)
Figure 37. Minimum On−time RMIN_TON = 10 kW Figure 38. Minimum Off−time RMIN_TOFF =
10 kW
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NCP4305
TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS
5.5
10.4 VCC = 12 V, CDRV = 0 nF VCC = 12 V, CDRV = 0 nF
VCC = 12 V, CDRV = 1 nF 5.3 VCC = 12 V, CDRV = 1 nF
10.2 VCC = 12 V, CDRV = 10 nF
VCC = 12 V, CDRV = 10 nF
VCC = 35 V, CDRV = 0 nF VCC = 35 V, CDRV = 0 nF
10.0 5.1 VCC = 35 V, CDRV = 1 nF
VCC = 35 V, CDRV = 1 nF
VDRV (V)
VDRV (V)
VCC = 35 V, CDRV = 10 nF VCC = 35 V, CDRV = 10 nF
9.8
4.9
9.6
4.7
9.4
4.5
9.2
9.0 4.3
−40 −20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 −40 −20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120
TJ (°C) TJ (°C)
Figure 39. Driver and Output Voltage, ver. B, D Figure 40. Driver Output Voltage, ver. A and C
and Q
50 5.3
45 TJ = 125°C TJ = 0°C 5.2
TJ = 85°C TJ = −20°C
40 TJ = 55°C TJ = −40°C 5.1
35 TJ = 25°C 5.0
tMAX_TON (ms)
tMAX_TON (ms)
30 4.9
25 4.8
20 4.7
15 4.6
10 4.5
5 4.4
0 4.3
0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 −40 −20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120
VMAX_TON (V) TJ (°C)
Figure 41. Maximum On−time, ver. Q Figure 42. Maximum On−time, VMAX_TON = 3 V,
ver. Q
55
53
51
tMAX_TON (ms)
49
47
45
43
41
−40 −20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120
TJ (°C)
Figure 43. Maximum On−time, VMAX_TON =
0.3 V, ver. Q
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NCP4305
APPLICATION INFORMATION
General description forward). The time delay from trigger input to driver turn off
The NCP4305 is designed to operate either as a standalone event is tPD_TRIG. Additionally, the trigger input can be used
IC or as a companion IC to a primary side controller to help to disable the IC and activate a low consumption standby
achieve efficient synchronous rectification in switch mode mode. This feature can be used to decrease standby
power supplies. This controller features a high current gate consumption of an SMPS. If the trigger input is not wanted
driver along with high−speed logic circuitry to provide than the trigger pin can be tied to GND or an option can be
appropriately timed drive signals to a synchronous chosen to replace this pin with a MAX_TON input.
rectification MOSFET. With its novel architecture, the An output driver features capability to keep SR transistor
NCP4305 has enough versatility to keep the synchronous closed even when there is no supply voltage for NCP4305.
rectification system efficient under any operating mode. SR transistor drain voltage goes up and down during SMPS
The NCP4305 works from an available voltage with range operation and this is transferred through drain gate
from 4 V (A, D & Q options) or 8 V (B & C options) to 35 V capacitance to gate and may turn on transistor. NCP4305
(typical). The wide VCC range allows direct connection to uses this pulsing voltage at SR transistor gate (DRV pin) and
the SMPS output voltage of most adapters such as uses it internally to provide enough supply to activate
notebooks, cell phone chargers and LCD TV adapters. internal driver sink transistor. DRV voltage is pulled low
Precise turn-off threshold of the current sense comparator (not to zero) thanks to this feature and eliminate the risk of
together with an accurate offset current source allows the turned on SR transistor before enough VCC is applied to
user to adjust for any required turn-off current threshold of NCP4305.
the SR MOSFET switch using a single resistor. Compared Some IC versions include a MAX_TON circuit that helps
to other SR controllers that provide turn-off thresholds in the a quasi resonant (QR) controller to work in CCM mode
range of −10 mV to −5 mV, the NCP4305 offers a turn-off when a heavy load is present like in the example of a
threshold of 0 mV. When using a low RDS(on) SR (1 mW) printer’s motor starting up.
MOSFET our competition, with a −10 mV turn off, will turn Finally, the NCP4305 features a special pin (LLD) that
off with 10 A still flowing through the SR FET, while our can be used to reduce gate driver voltage clamp according
0 mV turn off turns off the FET at 0 A; significantly to application load conditions. This feature helps to reduce
reducing the turn-off current threshold and improving issues with transition from disabled driver to full driver
efficiency. Many of the competitor parts maintain a drain output voltage and back. Disable state can be also activated
source voltage across the MOSFET causing the SR through this pin to decrease power consumption in no load
MOSFET to operate in the linear region to reduce turn−off conditions. If the LLD feature is not wanted then the LLD
time. Thanks to the 8 A sink current of the NCP4305 pin can be tied to GND.
significantly reduces turn off time allowing for a minimal
drain source voltage to be utilized and efficiency Current Sense Input
maximized. Figure 44 shows the internal connection of the CS
To overcome false triggering issues after turn-on and circuitry on the current sense input. When the voltage on the
turn−off events, the NCP4305 provides adjustable minimum secondary winding of the SMPS reverses, the body diode of
on-time and off-time blanking periods. Blanking times can M1 starts to conduct current and the voltage of M1’s drain
be adjusted independently of IC VCC using external drops approximately to −1 V. The CS pin sources current of
resistors connected to GND. If needed, blanking periods can 100 mA that creates a voltage drop on the RSHIFT_CS resistor
be modulated using additional components. (resistor is optional, we recommend shorting this resistor).
An extremely fast turn−off comparator, implemented on Once the voltage on the CS pin is lower than VTH_CS_ON
the current sense pin, allows for NCP4305 implementation threshold, M1 is turned−on. Because of parasitic
in CCM applications without any additional components or impedances, significant ringing can occur in the application.
external triggering. To overcome false sudden turn−off due to mentioned
An ultrafast trigger input offers the possibility to further ringing, the minimum conduction time of the SR MOSFET
increase efficiency of synchronous rectification systems is activated. Minimum conduction time can be adjusted
operated in CCM mode (for example, CCM flyback or using the RMIN_TON resistor.
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NCP4305
The SR MOSFET is turned-off as soon as the voltage on Figure 45). Therefore the turn−off current depends on
the CS pin is higher than VTH_CS_OFF (typically −0.5 mV MOSFET RDSON. The −0.5 mV threshold provides an
minus any voltage dropped on the optional RSHIFT_CS). For optimum switching period usage while keeping enough time
the same ringing reason, a minimum off-time timer is margin for the gate turn-off. The RSHIFT_CS resistor
asserted once the VCS goes above VTH_CS_RESET. The provides the designer with the possibility to modify
minimum off-time can be externally adjusted using (increase) the actual turn−on and turn−off secondary current
RMIN_TOFF resistor. The minimum off−time generator can thresholds. To ensure proper switching, the min_tOFF timer
be re−triggered by MIN_TOFF reset comparator if some is reset, when the VDS of the MOSFET rings and falls down
spurious ringing occurs on the CS input after SR MOSFET past the VTH_CS_RESET. The minimum off−time needs to
turn−off event. This feature significantly simplifies SR expire before another drive pulse can be initiated. Minimum
system implementation in flyback converters. off−time timer is started again when VDS rises above
In an LLC converter the SR MOSFET M1 channel VTH_CS_RESET.
conducts while secondary side current is decreasing (refer to
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NCP4305
VDS = VCS
ISEC
VDRV
Min ON−time
tMIN_TON Min t OFF timer was
stopped here because
of VCS<VTH_CS_RESET
Min OFF−time
tMIN_TOFF
t
The tMIN_TON and t MIN_TOFF are adjustable by R MIN_TON and RMIN_TOFF resistors
Figure 45. CS Input Comparators Thresholds and Blanking Periods Timing in LLC
VDS = VCS
ISEC
VTH_CS_RESET – (RSHIFT_CS*ICS )
VTH_CS_OFF – (RSHIFT_CS*ICS )
VDRV
Turn−on delay Turn −off delay
Min ON−time
tMIN_TON Min t OFF timer was
stopped here because
of VCS<VTH_CS_RESET
Min OFF−time
tMIN_TOFF
The tMIN_TON and tMIN_TOFF are adjustable by RMIN_TON and RMIN_TOFF resistors
Figure 46. CS Input Comparators Thresholds and Blanking Periods Timing in Flyback
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NCP4305
If no RSHIFT_CS resistor is used, the turn-on, turn-off and Note that RSHIFT_CS impact on turn-on and VTH_CS_RESET
VTH_CS_RESET thresholds are fully given by the CS input thresholds is less critical than its effect on the turn−off
specification (please refer to electrical characteristics table). threshold.
The CS pin offset current causes a voltage drop that is equal It should be noted that when using a SR MOSFET in a
to: through hole package the parasitic inductance of the
V RSHIFT_CS + R SHIFT_CS * I CS (eq. 1)
MOSFET package leads (refer to Figure 47) causes a
turn−off current threshold increase. The current that flows
Final turn−on and turn off thresholds can be then calculated through the SR MOSFET experiences a high Di(t)/Dt that
as: induces an error voltage on the SR MOSFET leads due to
V CS_TURN_ON + V TH_CS_ON * ǒR SHIFT_CS * I CSǓ (eq. 2)
their parasitic inductance. This error voltage is proportional
to the derivative of the SR MOSFET current; and shifts the
V CS_TURN_OFF + V TH_CS_OFF * ǒR SHIFT_CS * I CSǓ (eq. 3)
CS input voltage to zero when significant current still flows
through the MOSFET channel. As a result, the SR MOSFET
V CS_RESET + V TH_CS_RESET * ǒR SHIFT_CS * I CSǓ (eq. 4)
is turned−off prematurely and the efficiency of the SMPS is
not optimized − refer to Figure 48 for a better understanding.
Figure 47. SR System Connection Including MOSFET and Layout Parasitic Inductances in LLC Application
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NCP4305
Figure 48. Waveforms From SR System Implemented in LLC Application and Using MOSFET in TO220 Package
With Long Leads − SR MOSFET channel Conduction Time is Reduced
Note that the efficiency impact caused by the error voltage current Di/Dt and high operating frequency is to use
due to the parasitic inductance increases with lower lead−less SR MOSFET i.e. SR MOSFET in SMT package.
MOSFETs RDS(on) and/or higher operating frequency. The parasitic inductance of a SMT package is negligible
It is thus beneficial to minimize SR MOSFET package causing insignificant CS turn−off threshold shift and thus
leads length in order to maximize application efficiency. The minimum impact to efficiency (refer to Figure 49).
optimum solution for applications with high secondary
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NCP4305
Figure 49. Waveforms from SR System Implemented in LLC Application and Using MOSFET in SMT Package with
Minimized Parasitic Inductance − SR MOSFET Channel Conduction Time is Optimized
It can be deduced from the above paragraphs on the the SR controller to the power circuitry should be
induced error voltage and parameter tables that turn−off implemented. The GND pin should be connected to the SR
threshold precision is quite critical. If we consider a SR MOSFET source soldering point and current sense pin
MOSFET with RDS(on) of 1 mW, the 1 mV error voltage on should be connected to the SR MOSFET drain soldering
the CS pin results in a 1 A turn-off current threshold point − refer to Figure 47. Using a Kelvin connection will
difference; thus the PCB layout is very critical when avoid any impact of PCB layout parasitic elements on the SR
implementing the SR system. Note that the CS turn-off controller functionality; SR MOSFET parasitic elements
comparator is referred to the GND pin. Any parasitic will still play a role in attaining an error voltage. Figure 50
impedance (resistive or inductive − even on the magnitude and Figure 51 show examples of SR system layouts using
of mW and nH values) can cause a high error voltage that is MOSFETs in TO220 and SMT packages. It is evident that
then evaluated by the CS comparator. Ideally the CS the MOSFET leads should be as short as possible to
turn−off comparator should detect voltage that is caused by minimize parasitic inductances when using packages with
secondary current directly on the SR MOSFET channel leads (like TO220). Figure 51 shows how to layout design
resistance. In reality there will be small parasitic impedance with two SR MOSFETs in parallel. It has to be noted that it
on the CS path due to the bonding wires, leads and soldering. is not easy task and designer has to paid lot of attention to do
To assure the best efficiency results, a Kelvin connection of symmetric Kelvin connection.
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NCP4305
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NCP4305
V DS = VCS
V TH _CS _RESET
V TH _CS _OFF
V TH _CS _ON
VTRIG /DIS
VDRV
t
t1 t2 t3 t4 t5 t6 t7 t8 t9
Figure 52. Trigger Input Functionality Waveforms Using the Trigger to Turn−off and Block the DRV Signal
Figure 52 shows basic Trigger/Disable input Trigger/Disable pin almost immediately turns off the drive
functionality. At t1 the Trigger/Disable pin is pulled low to to the SR MOSFET, turning off the MOSFET. The DRV is
enter into normal operation. At t2 the CS pin is dropped not turned−on in other case (t6) because the trigger pin is
below the VTH_CS_ON, signaling to the NCP4305 to start to high in the time when CS pin signal crosses turn−on
turn the SR MOSFET on. At t3 the NCP4305 begins to drive threshold. This figure clearly shows that the DRV can be
the MOSFET. At t4, the SR MOSFET is conducting and the asserted only on falling edge of the CS pin signal in case the
Trigger/Disable pin is pulled high. This high signal on the trigger input is at low level (t2).
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NCP4305
VDS = VCS
VTH_CS_RESET
VTH_CS_OFF
VTH_CS_ON
VTRIG/DIS
TRIG/DIS blank
tTRIGBLANK
Min ON−time
VDRV
t1 t2 t3 t
In Figure 53 above, at time t1 the CS pin falls below the behavior during SR MOSFET turn−on event. The blanking
VTH_CS_ON while the Trigger is low setting in motion the time in combination with high threshold voltage
DRV signal that appears at t2. At time t2 the DRV signal and (VTRIG_TH) prevent triggering on ringing and spikes that are
Trigger blanking clock begin. Trigger/Disable signal goes present on the TRIG/DIS input pin during the SR MOSFET
high shortly after time t2. Due to the Trigger blanking clock turn−on process. Controller’s response to the narrow pulse
(tTRIG_BLANK) the Trigger’s high signal does not affect the on the Trigger/Disable pin is depicted in Figure 53 − this
DRV signal until the tTRIGBLANK timer has expired. At time short trigger pulse enables to turn the DRV on for
t3 the Trigger/Disable signal is re evaluated and the DRV tTRIG_BLANK. Note that this case is valid only if device not
signal is turned off. The TRIG/DIS input is blanked for entered disable mode before.
tTRIGBLANK after DRV set signal to avoid undesirable
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NCP4305
VDS = VCS
VTH_CS_RESET
VTH_CS_OFF
VTH_CS_ON
VTRIG/DIS
TRIG/DIS blank
tTRIGBLANK
MIN ON−TIME
VDRV
t0 t1 t2 t3 t4 t5 t6 t
Figure 54. Trigger Input Functionality Waveforms − Trigger Blanking Acts Like a Filter
Figure 54 above shows almost the same situation as in the DRV signal may cause spikes on the trigger input. If it
Figure 53 with one main exception; the TRIG/DIS signal wasn’t for the TRIG/DIS blanking these spikes, in
was not high after trigger blanking timer expired so the DRV combination with ultra−fast performance of the trigger
signal remains high. The advantage of the trigger blanking logic, could turn the SR MOSFET off in an inappropriate
time during DRV turn−on is evident from Figure 54 since it time.
acts like a filter on the Trigger/Disable pin. Rising edge of
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NCP4305
VDS = VCS
VTH_CS_RESET
VTH_CS_OFF
VTH_CS_ON
VTRIG/DIS
Min ON−time
VDRV
t0 t1 t2 t3 t4 t5 t6 t7 t8 t
Figure 55. Trigger Input Functionality Waveforms − Trigger Over Ride, CS Turn Off and Min On−time
Figure 55 depicts all possible driver turn−off events in In Figure 56 the trigger input is low the whole time and the
details when correct VCC is applied. Controller driver is DRV pulses are purely a function of the CS signal and the
disabled based on trigger input signal in time t2; the trigger minimum on−time. The first DRV pulse terminated based on
input overrides the minimum on−time period. the CS signal and another two DRV pulses are prolonged till
Driver is turned−off according to the CS (VDS) signal (t5 the minimum on−time period end despite the CS signal
marker) and when minimum on−time period elapsed crosses the VTH_CS_OFF threshold earlier.
already. TRIG/DIS signal needs to be LOW during this If a minimum on−time is too long the situation that occurs
event. after time marker t6 Figure 56 can occur, is not correct and
If the CS (VDS) voltage reaches VTH_CS_OFF threshold should be avoided. The minimum tON period should be
before minimum on−time period ends (t7) and the selected shorter to overcome situation that the SR MOSFET
Trigger/Disable pin is low the DRV is turned−off on the is turned−on for too long time. The secondary current then
falling edge of the minimum on−time period (t8 time marker changes direction and energy flows back to the transformer
in Figure 55). This demonstrates the fact that the Trigger that result in reduced application efficiency and also in
over rides the minimum on−time. Minimum on−time has excessive ringing on the primary and secondary MOSFETs.
higher priority than the CS signal.
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NCP4305
VDS = VCS
VTH_CS _RESET
VTH_CS _OFF
VTH_CS _ON
VTRIG/DIS
Min ON−time
VDRV
t0 t1 t2 t3 t4 t5 t6 t7 t8 t9 t
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NCP4305
VDS = V CS
V TH _CS_RESET
V TH _CS_OFF
V TH _CS_ON
VTRIG /DIS
Min ON−time
Min OFF−time
VDRV
t0 t1 t2 t3 t4 t5 t6 t7 t8 t9 t10 t
Figure 57. Trigger Input Functionality Waveforms − Two Pulses at One Cycle
Figure 57 shows IC behavior in case the trigger signal voltage goes above VTH_CS_RESET threshold. Next cycle
features two pulses during one cycle of the VDS (CS) signal. starts in time t6. The TRIG/DIS is low so driver is enabled
The trigger goes low enables the DRV just before time t1 and and ready to be turned on when VDS falls below VTH_CS_ON
DRV turns−on because the VDS voltage drops under threshold voltage thus the driver is turned on at time t6. The
VTH_CS_ON threshold voltage. The trigger signal disables trigger signal rises up to HIGH level at time t7, consequently
driver at time t2. The trigger drops down to LOW level in DRV turns−off and IC waits for high CS voltage to start
time t3, but IC waits for complete minimum off−time. minimum off−time execution.
Minimum off−time execution is blocked until CS pin
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NCP4305
V DS = VCS
V TH _CS _RESET
V TH _CS _OFF
V TH _CS _ON
VTRIG/DIS
t DIS_TIM
Min ON−time
VDRV
Power
consumption
t0 t1 t2 t3 t4 t
In Figure 58 above, at t2 the CS pin rises to VTH_CS_OFF transition to disable mode. Figure 59 shows disable mode
and the SR MOSFET is turned−off. At t3 the TRIG/DIS transition 2nd case − i.e. when trigger rising edge comes
signal is held high for more than tDIS_TIM. NCP4305 enters during the trigger blank period. Figure 60 shows entering
disable mode after tDIS_TIM. Driver output is disabled in into disable mode and back to normal sequences.
disable mode. The DRV stays low (disabled) during
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NCP4305
VDS = VCS
V TH_CS _RESET
VTH_CS _OFF
VTH_CS _ON
VTRIG/DIS
t DIS_TIM
Min ON−time
VDRV
tTRIGBLANK
Power
consumption
t0 t1 t2 t3 t
Figure 59. Trigger Input Functionality Waveforms − Disable Mode Clock Initiation
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NCP4305
VDS = VCS
VTH_CS _RESET
VTH_CS_OFF
VTH_CS _ON
VTRIG/DIS
tDIS _TIM
VDRV
t DIS_REC
Min OFF−time
Power
consumption Disable mode
t0 t1 t2 t3 t4 t
Figure 60. Trigger Input Functionality Waveforms − Disable and Normal Modes
Figures 61 and 62 shows exit from disable mode in detail. on CS (VDS) falling edge signal only (t5 − Figure 61). The
NCP4305 requires up to tDIS_REC to recover all internal DRV stays low during recovery time period. Trigger input
circuitry to normal operation mode when recovering from has to be low at least for tDIS_END time to end disable mode
disable mode. The driver is then enabled after complete and start with recovery. Trigger can go back high after
tMIN_TOFF period when CS(VDS) voltage is over tDIS_END without recovery interruption.
VTH_CS_RESET threshold. Driver turns−on in the next cycle
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NCP4305
VDS = VCS
VTH_CS_RESET
VTH_CS_OFF
VTH_CS_ON
VTRIG/DIS
Min OFF−time
VDRV
tDIS _REC
Disable mode
Power
consumption Waits for
complete Normal mode
tMIN_TOFF
t0 t1 t2 t3 t4 t5 t6 t7 t8 t
Figure 61. Trigger Input Functionality Waveforms − Exit from Disable Mode before the Falling Edge of the CS
Signal
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NCP4305
VDS = VCS
VTH_CS_RESET
VTH_CS_OFF
VTH_CS_ON
VTRIG/DIS
VDRV
Disable
Power mode
Waits for
Recovery
consumption complete
time Normal mode
t MIN_TOFF
t0 t1 t2 t3 t4 t5 t
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NCP4305
VDS = VCS
VTH_CS_RESET
VTH_CS_OFF
V TH_CS_ON
VTRIG/DIS
Min OFF−time
tMIN_TOFF
VDRV
tDIS_REC
Power
consumption Disable Waits for
mode complete Normal mode
Recovery t MIN_TOFF
t0 t1 t2 t3 t4 t5 t6 t
Figure 63. Trigger Input Functionality Waveforms
Figure 63 shows detail IC behavior after disable mode is again at time t3 and this event starts minimum off−time timer
ended. The trigger pin voltage goes low at t1 and after execution. Next VDS falling edge below VTH_CS_ON level
tDIS_REC IC leaves disable mode (t2). VDS voltage goes high activates driver.
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NCP4305
VDS = VCS
VTH_CS_RESET
VTH_CS_OFF
V TH_CS_ON
VTRIG/DIS
Min OFF−time
tMIN_TOFF
VDRV
Disable
t DIS_REC
Power mode
consumption Waits for
complete Normal mode
Recovery tMIN_TOFF
t0 t1 t2 t3 t4 t5 t6 t7 t8 t
Different situation of leaving from disable mode is shown the IC waits to another time when VDS voltage is positive
at Figure 64. Minimum off−time execution starts at time t2, and then is again started the minimum off−time timer. The
but before time elapses VDS voltage falls to negative IC returns into normal mode after whole minimum off−time
voltage. This interrupts minimum off−time execution and elapses.
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NCP4305
VDS = VCS
VTH_CS_RESET
VTH_CS_OFF
VTH_CS_ON
t MIN_TON
Min ON−time
VDRV
VCC
VCCON
Start−up event waveforms are shown at Figure 65. A minimum off−time period expires, at time t2 thanks to CS
start−up event is very similar to an exit from disable mode voltage lower than VTH_CS_RESET threshold. The
event. The IC waits for a complete minimum off−time event aforementioned reset situation can be seen again at time t3,
(CS pin voltage is higher than VTH_CS_RESET) until drive t4, t5 and t6. A complete minimum off−time period elapses
pulses can continue. Figure 65 shows how the minimum between times t7 and t8 allowing the IC to activate a driver
off−time timer is reset when CS voltage is oscillating output after time t8.
through VTH_CS_RESET level. The NCP4305 starts The NCP4305 works very well in CCM application
operation at time t1 (time t1 can be seen as a wake−up event without any triggering method, but using some may improve
from the disable mode through TRIG/DIS or LLD pin). overall operation. Typical application schematics of CCM
Internal logic waits for one complete minimum off−time flyback converters using two different primary triggering
period to expire before the NCP4305 can activate the driver techniques can be seen in Figures 66 and 67. Both provided
after a start−up or wake−up event. The minimum off−time methods reduce the commutation losses and the SR
timer starts to run at time t1, because VCS is higher than MOSFET drain voltage spike, which results in improved
VTH_CS_RESET. The timer is then reset, before its set efficiency.
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NCP4305
Vbulk
+
TR1 +Vout
R5 R13
C2 C8 R14
C3
+
D3
R12
C7
VCC
M2
+
FLYBACK D4
D7
CONTROL C4
CIRCUITRY D1 GND
DRV
C6
FB CS M1
R1
R9 D5
R6 R10
OK1 R7
NCP4305
TR2
C5
D6 R11
Figure 66. Primary Triggering in Deep CCM Application Using Auxiliary Winding − NCP4305A, B, C or D
The application shown in Figure 66 is simplest and the This is possible thanks to the leakage between primary and
most cost effective solution for primary SR triggering. This secondary windings that creates natural delay in energy
method uses auxiliary winding made of triple insulated wire transfer. This technique provides approximately 0.5%
placed close to the primary winding section. This auxiliary efficiency improvement when the application is operated in
winding provides information about primary turn−on event deep CCM and a transformer that has a leakage of 1% of
to the SR controller before the secondary winding reverses. primary inductance is used.
Figure 67. Primary Triggering in Deep CCM Application Using Trigger Transformer − NCP4305A, B, C or D
Application from Figure 67 uses an ultra−small trigger sensitive, it is not necessary to transmit the entire primary
transformer to transfer primary turn−on information directly driver pulse to the secondary. The coupling capacitor C5 is
from the primary controller driver pin to the SR controller used to allow the trigger transformer’s core to reset and also
trigger input. Because the trigger input is rising edge to prepare a needle pulse (a pulse with width shorter than
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NCP4305
100 ns) to be transmitted to the NCP4305 trigger input. The primary and secondary to transmit the trigger signal. We do
advantage of needle trigger pulse usage is that the required not recommend this technique as the parasitic capacitive
volt−second product of the pulse transformer is very low and currents between primary and secondary may affect the
that allows the designer to use very small and cheap trigger signal and thus overall system functionality.
magnetic. The trigger transformer can even be prepared on
a small toroidal ferrite core with outer diameter of 4 mm and Minimum tON and tOFF Adjustment
four turns for primary and secondary windings to assure The NCP4305 offers an adjustable minimum on−time and
Lprimary = Lsecondary > 10 mH. Proper safety insulation off−time blanking periods that ease the implementation of a
between primary and secondary sides can be easily assured synchronous rectification system in any SMPS topology.
by using triple insulated wire for one or, better, both These timers avoid false triggering on the CS input after the
windings. MOSFET is turned on or off.
This primary triggering technique provides The adjustment of minimum tON and tOFF periods are
approximately 0.5% efficiency improvement when the done based on an internal timing capacitance and external
application is operated in deep CCM and transformer with resistors connected to the GND pin − refer to Figure 68 for
leakage of 1% of primary inductance is used. a better understanding.
It is also possible to use capacitive coupling (use
additional capacitor with safety insulation) between the
Figure 68. Internal Connection of the MIN_TON Generator (the MIN_TOFF Works in the Same Way)
Current through the MIN_TON adjust resistor can be The internal capacitor size would be too large if
calculated as: IR_MIN_TON was used. The internal current mirror uses a
V ref proportional current, given by the internal current mirror
I R_MIN_TON + (eq. 5) ratio. One can then calculate the MIN_TON and
R Ton_min MIN_TOFF blanking periods using below equations:
If the internal current mirror creates the same current t MIN_TON + 1.00 * 10 −4 * R MIN_TON [ms] (eq. 7)
through RMIN_TON as used the internal timing capacitor (Ct)
charging, then the minimum on−time duration can be t MIN_TOFF + 1.00 * 10 −4 * R MIN_TOFF [ms] (eq. 8)
calculated using this equation.
Note that the internal timing comparator delay affects the
V ref (eq. 6)
V ref accuracy of Equations 7 and 8 when MIN_TON/
t MIN_TON + C t + Ct + C t @ R MIN_TON
I R_MIN_TON Vref MIN_TOFF times are selected near to their minimum
RMIN_TON possible values. Please refer to Figures 69 and 70 for
measured minimum on and off time charts.
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NCP4305
6
system that is implemented with a MIN_TOFF blank
5 generator. The minimum off−time one−shot generator is
4 restarted in the case when the CS pin voltage crosses
3 VTH_CS_RESET threshold and MIN_TOFF period is active.
2
The total off-time blanking period is prolonged due to the
ringing in the application (refer to Figure 45).
1
Some applications may require adaptive minimum on and
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 off time blanking periods. With NCP4305 it is possible to
modulate blanking periods by using an external NPN
RMIN_TON (kW)
transistor − refer to Figure 71. The modulation signal can be
Figure 69. MIN_TON Adjust Characteristics derived based on the load current, feedback regulator
voltage or other application parameter.
10
9
8
7
tMIN_TOFF (ms)
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
RMIN_TOFF (kW)
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NCP4305
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NCP4305
VDS = VCS
ISEC
Min ON−time
t MIN _TON
Min OFF−time
tMIN _TOFF
Max ON−time
tMAX _TON
t
The tMIN _TON and tMIN _TOFF are adjustable by R MIN _TON and R MIN _TOFF resistors, t MAX_TON is adjustable by R MAX_TON
Adaptive Gate Driver Clamp and automatic Light Load and drop at MOSFET’s RDS(on) only improves stability
Turn−off during load transients.
As synchronous rectification system significantly 2nd − In extremely low load conditions or no load
improves efficiency in most of SMPS applications during conditions the NCP4305 fully disables driver output and
medium or full load conditions. However, as the load reduces the internal power consumption when output load
reduces into light or no−load conditions the SR MOSFET drops below the level where skip−mode takes place.
driving losses and SR controller consumption become more Both features are controlled by voltage at LLD pin. The
critical. The NCP4305 offers two key features that help to LLD pin voltage characteristic is shown in Figure 74. Driver
optimize application efficiency under light load and no load voltage clamp is a linear function of the voltage difference
conditions: between the VCC and LLD pins from VLLD_REC point up to
1st − The driver clamp voltage is modulated and follows VLLD_MAX. A disable mode is available, where the IC
the output load condition. When the output load decreases current consumption is dramatically reduced, when the
the driver clamp voltage decreases as well. Under heavy difference of VCC − VLLD voltage drops below VLLD_DIS.
load conditions the SR MOSFET’s gate needs to be driven When the voltage difference between the VCC − VLLD pins
very hard to optimize the performance and reduce increase above VLLC_REC the disable mode ends and the IC
conduction losses. During light load conditions it is not as regains normal operation. It should be noted that there are
critical to drive the SR MOSFET’s channel into such a low also some time delays to enter and exit from the disable
RDSON state. This adaptive gate clamp technique helps to mode. Time waveforms are shown at Figure 75. There is a
optimize efficiency during light load conditions especially time, tLLD_DISH, that the logic ignores changes from disable
in LLC applications where the SR MOSFETs with high mode to normal or reversely. There is also some time
input capacitance are used. tLLD_DIS_R that is needed after an exit from the disable mode
Driver voltage modulation improves the system behavior to assure proper internal block biasing before SR controller
when SR controller state is changed in and out of normal or starts work normally.
disable modes. Soft transient between drop at body diode
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NCP4305
VDRVCLAMP ICC
VDRVMAX
ICC
NORMAL
NORMAL
tLLD_DIS_R t
tLLD_DIS_R
The two main SMPS applications that are using through R3 and capacitors C2 and C3, the load level can be
synchronous rectification systems today are flyback and sensed. Output voltage of this detector on the LLD pin is
LLC topologies. Different light load detection techniques referenced to controller VCC with an internal differential
are used in NCP4305 controller to reflect differences in amplifier in NCP4305. The output of the differential
operation of both mentioned applications. amplifier is then used in two places. First the output is used
Detail of the light load detection implementation in the driver block for gate drive clamp voltage adjustment.
technique used in NCP4305 in flyback topologies is Next, the output signal is evaluated by a no−load detection
displayed at Figure 76. Using a simple and cost effective comparator that activates IC disable mode in case the load
peak detector implemented with a diode D1, resistors R1 is disconnected from the application output.
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NCP4305
Figure 76. NCP4305 Light Load and No Load Detection Principle in Flyback Topologies
Operational waveforms related to the flyback LLD directly reduces DRV clamp voltage down from its
circuitry are provided in Figure 77. The SR MOSFET drain maximum level. The DRV is then fully disabled when IC
voltage drops to ~ 0 V when ISEC current is flowing. When enters disable mode. The IC exits from disable mode when
the SR MOSFET is conducting the capacitor C2 charges−up, difference between LLD voltage and VCC increases over
causing the difference between the LLD pin and VCC pin to VLLD_REC. Resistors R2 and R3 are also used for voltage
increase, and drop the LLD pin voltage. As the load level adjustment and with capacitor C3 form low pass filter
decreases the secondary side currents flows for a shorter a that filters relatively high speed ripple at C2. This low pass
shorter time. C2 has less time to accumulate charge and the filter also reduces speed of state change of the SR controller
voltage on the C2 decreases, because it is discharged by R2 from normal to disable mode or reversely. Time constant
and R3. This smaller voltage on C2 will cause the LLD pin should be higher than feedback loop time constant to keep
voltage to increase towards VCC and the difference between whole system stable.
LLD and VCC will go to zero. The output voltage then
ISEC
VC2
VC3
VLLDMAX
VLLD_REC
VLLD_DIS
VDRVMAX
VDRV
IC enters
disable mode
t
Figure 77. NCP4305 Driver Clamp Modulation Waveforms in Flyback Application Entering into Light/No Load
Condition
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42
NCP4305
IOUT
VCC−VLLD VLLDMAX
VLLD_REC
VLLD_DIS
VDRVMAX
IC enters
VDRV disable mode
t
Figure 78. NCP4305 Driver Clamp Modulation Circuitry Transfer Characteristic in Flyback Application
The technique used for LLD detection in LLC is similar exception the D1 and D2 OR−ing diodes are used to measure
to the LLD detection method used in a flyback with the the total duty cycle to see if it is operating in skip mode.
The driver clamp modulation waveforms of NCP4305 in circuit consists of R1, R2, R3, C2, C3 and diodes D1, D2.
LLC are provided in Figure 80. The driver clamp voltage The NCP4305 enters disable mode in low load condition,
clips to its maximum level when LLC operates in normal when VCC−VLLD drops below VLLD_DIS (0.9 V). Disable
mode. When the LLC starts to operate in skip mode the mode ends when this voltage increase above VLLD_REC
driver clamp voltage begins to decrease. The specific output (1.0 V) Figure 81 shows how LLD voltage modulates the
current level is determined by skip duty cycle and detection driver output voltage clamp.
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43
NCP4305
VCS 1
VCS 2
VC2
V LLDMAX
V CC −V LLD
(V C3) V LLD_REC
V LLD_DIS
V DRVMAX
DRV clamp
IC enters
disable mode
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44
NCP4305
VCC−VLLD
IC enters
VLLDMAX disable mode
VLLD_REC VLLD_DIS
VDRVMAX
DRV clamp
IOUT
t
Figure 81. NCP4305 Driver Clamp Modulation Circuitry Characteristic in LLC Application
There exist some LLC applications where behavior behavior is shown in Figure 46. Operation waveforms for
described above is not the best choice. These applications this option are provided in Figure 83. Capacitor C2 is
transfer significant portion of energy in a few first pulses in charged to maximum voltage when LLC is switching. When
skip burst. It is good to keep SR fully working during skip there is no switching in skip, capacitor C2 is discharged by
mode to improve efficiency. There can be still saved some R2 and when LLD voltage referenced to VCC falls below
energy using LLD function by activation disable mode VLLD_DIS IC enters disable mode. Disable mode is ended
between skip bursts. Simplified schematic for this LLD when LLC starts switching.
Figure 82. NCP4305 Light Load Detection in LLC Application − Other Option
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45
NCP4305
Normal operation
Skip operation
VCS1
VCS2
VC2
VLLDMAX
VCC−VLLD
VLLD_DIS VLLD_REC
IC enters
DRV clamp VDRVMAX
disable mode
t
Figure 83. NCP4305 Light Load Detection Behavior in LLC Application – Other Option
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46
NCP4305
Where:
C iss + C gs ) C gd VCC is the NCP4305 supply voltage
VCLAMP is the driver clamp voltage
C rss + C gd
Cg_ZVS is the gate to source capacitance of the
C oss + C ds ) C gd MOSFET in ZVS mode
fsw is the switching frequency of the target
Figure 84. Typical MOSFET Capacitances application
Dependency on VDS and VGS Voltages The total driving power loss won’t only be dissipated in
the IC, but also in external resistances like the external gate
Therefore, the input capacitance of a MOSFET operating resistor (if used) and the MOSFET internal gate resistance
in ZVS mode is given by the parallel combination of the gate (Figure 50). Because NCP4305 features a clamped driver,
to source and gate to drain capacitances (i.e. Ciss capacitance it’s high side portion can be modeled as a regular driver
for given gate to source voltage). The total gate charge, switch with equivalent resistance and a series voltage
Qg_total, of most MOSFETs on the market is defined for hard source. The low side driver switch resistance does not drop
switching conditions. In order to accurately calculate the immediately at turn−off, thus it is necessary to use an
driving losses in a SR system, it is necessary to determine the equivalent value (RDRV_SIN_EQ) for calculations. This
gate charge of the MOSFET for operation specifically in a method simplifies power losses calculations and still
ZVS system. Some manufacturers define this parameter as provides acceptable accuracy. Internal driver power
Qg_ZVS. Unfortunately, most datasheets do not provide this dissipation can then be calculated using Equation 10:
data. If the Ciss (or Qg_ZVS) parameter is not available then
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NCP4305
P DRV_IC +
1
2
@ C g_ZVS @ V CLAMP 2 @ f SW @ ǒ R DRV_SINK_EQ
(eq. 10)
1
) @ C g_ZVS @ V CLAMP 2 @ f SW @
2
ǒ R DRV_SOURCE_EQ
R DRV_SOURCE_EQ ) R G_EXT ) R g_int
Ǔ
Where: Step 4 − IC Die Temperature Arise Calculation:
RDRV_SINK_EQ is the NCP4305x driver low side switch The die temperature can be calculated now that the total
equivalent resistance (0.5 W) internal power losses have been determined (driver losses
RDRV_SOURCE_EQ is the NCP4305x driver high side switch plus internal IC consumption losses). The package thermal
equivalent resistance (1.2 W) resistance is specified in the maximum ratings table for a
RG_EXT is the external gate resistor (if used) 35 mm thin copper layer with no extra copper plates on any
Rg_int is the internal gate resistance of the pin (i.e. just 0.5 mm trace to each pin with standard soldering
MOSFET points are used).
The DIE temperature is calculated as:
Step 3 − IC Consumption Calculation:
In this step, power dissipation related to the internal IC T DIE + ǒP DRV_IC ) P CCǓ @ R qJ−A ) T A (eq. 12)
consumption is calculated. This power loss is given by the
ICC current and the IC supply voltage. The ICC current Where:
depends on switching frequency and also on the selected min PDRV_IC is the IC driver internal power dissipation
tON and tOFF periods because there is current flowing out PCC is the IC control internal power
from the min tON and tOFF pins. The most accurate method dissipation
for calculating these losses is to measure the ICC current RqJA is the thermal resistance from junction to
when CDRV = 0 nF and the IC is switching at the target ambient
frequency with given MIN_TON and MIN_TOFF adjust TA is the ambient temperature
resistors. IC consumption losses can be calculated as:
P CC + V CC @ I CC (eq. 11)
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NCP4305
PRODUCT OPTIONS
OPN Package UVLO [V] DRV clamp [V] Pin 5 function Usage
NCP4305ADR2G SOIC8 4.5 4.7 TRIG
NCP4305AMTTWG WDFN8 4.5 4.7 TRIG
NCP4305DDR2G SOIC8 4.5 9.5 TRIG LLC, CCM flyback, DCM flyback, forward,
QR, QR with primary side CCM control
NCP4305DMNTWG DFN8 4.5 9.5 TRIG
NCP4305DMTTWG WDFN8 4.5 9.5 TRIG
NCP4305QDR2G SOIC8 4.5 9.5 MAX_TON QR with forced CCM from secondary side
ORDERING INFORMATION
Device Package Package marking Packing Shipping†
NCP4305ADR2G SOIC8 NCP4305A SOIC−8 2500 /Tape & Reel
(Pb−Free)
NCP4305DDR2G NCP4305D
NCP4305QDR2G NCP4305Q
NCP4305AMTTWG WDFN8 5A WDFN−8 3000 /Tape & Reel
(Pb−Free)
NCP4305DMTTWG 5D
NCP4305DMNTWG DFN8 4305D DFN−8 4000 /Tape & Reel
(Pb−Free)
†For information on tape and reel specifications, including part orientation and tape sizes, please refer to our Tape and Reel Packaging
Specifications Brochure, BRD8011/D.
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49
NCP4305
PACKAGE DIMENSIONS
SOIC−8 NB
CASE 751−07
ISSUE AK
NOTES:
1. DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING PER
−X− ANSI Y14.5M, 1982.
A 2. CONTROLLING DIMENSION: MILLIMETER.
3. DIMENSION A AND B DO NOT INCLUDE
MOLD PROTRUSION.
4. MAXIMUM MOLD PROTRUSION 0.15 (0.006)
8 5 PER SIDE.
5. DIMENSION D DOES NOT INCLUDE DAMBAR
B S 0.25 (0.010) M Y M PROTRUSION. ALLOWABLE DAMBAR
PROTRUSION SHALL BE 0.127 (0.005) TOTAL
1 IN EXCESS OF THE D DIMENSION AT
4 MAXIMUM MATERIAL CONDITION.
−Y− K 6. 751−01 THRU 751−06 ARE OBSOLETE. NEW
STANDARD IS 751−07.
MILLIMETERS INCHES
G
DIM MIN MAX MIN MAX
A 4.80 5.00 0.189 0.197
C N X 45 _ B 3.80 4.00 0.150 0.157
SEATING C 1.35 1.75 0.053 0.069
PLANE D 0.33 0.51 0.013 0.020
−Z− G 1.27 BSC 0.050 BSC
H 0.10 0.25 0.004 0.010
0.10 (0.004) J 0.19 0.25 0.007 0.010
H M J K 0.40 1.27 0.016 0.050
D
M 0_ 8_ 0 _ 8 _
N 0.25 0.50 0.010 0.020
S 5.80 6.20 0.228 0.244
0.25 (0.010) M Z Y S X S
SOLDERING FOOTPRINT*
1.52
0.060
7.0 4.0
0.275 0.155
0.6 1.270
0.024 0.050
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NCP4305
PACKAGE DIMENSIONS
DFN8 4x4
CASE 488AF
ISSUE C
D A NOTES:
1. DIMENSIONS AND TOLERANCING PER
B L L ASME Y14.5M, 1994.
2. CONTROLLING DIMENSION: MILLIMETERS.
ÉÉ
3. DIMENSION b APPLIES TO PLATED
L1 TERMINAL AND IS MEASURED BETWEEN
ÉÉ
0.15 AND 0.30MM FROM TERMINAL TIP.
PIN ONE
REFERENCE E DETAIL A 4. COPLANARITY APPLIES TO THE EXPOSED
ÉÉ
OPTIONAL PAD AS WELL AS THE TERMINALS.
CONSTRUCTIONS 5. DETAILS A AND B SHOW OPTIONAL
2X 0.15 C CONSTRUCTIONS FOR TERMINALS.
MILLIMETERS
ÇÇ ÉÉÉ
2X 0.15 C DIM MIN MAX
TOP VIEW A3 A 0.80 1.00
EXPOSED Cu MOLD CMPD
ÇÇ
ÉÉ ÉÉÉ
ÇÇÇ
A1 0.00 0.05
A3 0.20 REF
ÇÇÇÇ
DETAIL B b 0.25 0.35
0.10 C D 4.00 BSC
D2 1.91 2.21
A A1 E 4.00 BSC
8X 0.08 C DETAIL B E2 2.09 2.39
(A3) ALTERNATE e 0.80 BSC
NOTE 4 A1 SEATING CONSTRUCTIONS K 0.20 −−−
C PLANE L 0.30 0.50
SIDE VIEW L1 −−− 0.15
ÇÇ
D2 SOLDERING FOOTPRINT*
DETAIL A 8X L
1 4 2.21 8X
0.63
E2
K
e
ÇÇ
8 5
8X b 4.30 2.39
0.10 C A B PACKAGE
OUTLINE
0.05 C NOTE 3
BOTTOM VIEW 8X
0.80 0.35
PITCH
DIMENSIONS: MILLIMETERS
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51
NCP4305
PACKAGE DIMENSIONS
ÍÍÍ
PIN ONE TERMINAL AND IS MEASURED BETWEEN
REFERENCE 0.15 AND 0.30 MM FROM TERMINAL TIP.
DETAIL A
ÍÍÍ
E
ALTERNATE TERMINAL MILLIMETERS
CONSTRUCTIONS
ÍÍÍ
DIM MIN MAX
2X 0.10 C A 0.70 0.80
ÉÉ
A1 0.00 0.05
A3 0.20 REF
2X 0.10 C b 0.20 0.30
ÉÉ
TOP VIEW EXPOSED Cu MOLD CMPD
2.00 BSC
D
E 2.00 BSC
e 0.50 BSC
DETAIL B
L 0.40 0.60
0.05 C L1 --- 0.15
DETAIL B L2 0.50 0.70
A ALTERNATE
CONSTRUCTIONS
8X 0.05 C
A1
A3 C SEATING
PLANE
SIDE VIEW
RECOMMENDED
SOLDERING FOOTPRINT*
e/2 DETAIL A
7X PACKAGE
e 7X L 0.78 OUTLINE
1 4
L2
2.30
8 5 0.88
8X b
0.10 C A B 1
8X 0.50
BOTTOM VIEW 0.05 C NOTE 3
0.30 PITCH
DIMENSIONS: MILLIMETERS
ON Semiconductor and the are registered trademarks of Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC (SCILLC) or its subsidiaries in the United States and/or other countries.
SCILLC owns the rights to a number of patents, trademarks, copyrights, trade secrets, and other intellectual property. A listing of SCILLC’s product/patent coverage may be accessed
at www.onsemi.com/site/pdf/Patent−Marking.pdf. SCILLC reserves the right to make changes without further notice to any products herein. SCILLC makes no warranty, representation
or guarantee regarding the suitability of its products for any particular purpose, nor does SCILLC assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit, and
specifically disclaims any and all liability, including without limitation special, consequential or incidental damages. “Typical” parameters which may be provided in SCILLC data sheets
and/or specifications can and do vary in different applications and actual performance may vary over time. All operating parameters, including “Typicals” must be validated for each
customer application by customer’s technical experts. SCILLC does not convey any license under its patent rights nor the rights of others. SCILLC products are not designed, intended,
or authorized for use as components in systems intended for surgical implant into the body, or other applications intended to support or sustain life, or for any other application in which
the failure of the SCILLC product could create a situation where personal injury or death may occur. Should Buyer purchase or use SCILLC products for any such unintended or
unauthorized application, Buyer shall indemnify and hold SCILLC and its officers, employees, subsidiaries, affiliates, and distributors harmless against all claims, costs, damages, and
expenses, and reasonable attorney fees arising out of, directly or indirectly, any claim of personal injury or death associated with such unintended or unauthorized use, even if such claim
alleges that SCILLC was negligent regarding the design or manufacture of the part. SCILLC is an Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Action Employer. This literature is subject to all applicable
copyright laws and is not for resale in any manner.
www.onsemi.com NCP4305/D
52