MIGRAINE HEADACHE

Presented By
Abdullah Masud Tanjim
ID NO: P191011
Semester: 6th
Department Of Pharmacy, IIUC
INTRODUCTION
A migraine is usually a moderate or severe headache felt as a throbbing pain on
one side of the head.
Many people also have symptoms such as nausea, vomiting and increased
sensitivity to light or sound.
Migraine is a common health condition, affecting around one in every five
women and around one in every 15 men. They usually begin in early adulthood.
DEFINITION
A migraine is a common neurological disease that causes a variety of
symptoms, most notably a throbbing, pulsing headache on one side of
head. Migraine will likely get worse with physical activity, lights,
sounds or smells. It may last at least four hours or even days.
CAUSES OF MIGRAINE
The exact cause of migraines is unknown, although they're thought to be the result of temporary
changes in the chemicals, nerves and blood vessels in the brain.
Around half of all people who experience migraines also have a close relative with the condition,
suggesting that genes may play a role.
Some people find migraine attacks are associated with certain triggers, which can include:
➢ starting their period
➢ stress
➢ tiredness
➢ certain foods or drinks
SYMPTOMS
The primary symptom of migraine is a headache. Some people feel pain around their eye or temple,
and sometimes in their face, sinuses, jaw or neck .
Other symptoms of migraine headaches include:
❑ Nausea and vomiting, upset stomach and abdominal pain.
❑ Increased sensitivity to light and sound.
❑ Feeling very warm (sweating) or cold (chills).
❑ Pale skin color (pallor).
❑ Feeling tired.
❑ Tender scalp.
❑ Diarrhea (rare).
❑ Fever (rare).
STAGES OR PHASES OF A MIGRAINE
MIGRAINE TRIGGEER
Migraine attacks can be triggered by a variety of factors. Common triggers include:
• Emotional stress is one of the most common triggers of migraine headaches.
• Missing a meal: Delaying a meal might also trigger your migraine headache.
• Sensitivity to specific chemicals and preservatives in foods: Certain foods and beverages such
as aged cheese, alcoholic beverages, chocolate and food additives.
• Caffeine.
• Daily use of pain-relieving medications.
• Hormonal changes in women. Migraines in women are more common around the time of their
menustral period.
• Light.
DIAGNOSIS
➢ Medical History
➢ Headache Diary
➢ Migraine Trigger
➢ Investigation
✓CT scan or a MRI to make sure there are no other causes for headache.
TREATMENT
There are two main treatment approaches that use medications: abortive and
preventive.
▪ Abortive: medications are most effective when use them at the first sign of a
migraine. Take them while the pain is mild.
▪ Preventive (prophylactic): medications may be prescribed when headaches are
severe, occur more than four times a month and are significantly interfering with
your normal activities.
ABORTIVE TREATMENT
Non-specific : Paracetamol, Aspirin, Diclofenac, Ibuprofen, Naproxen.
Specific:
Triptan class of drugs: Sumatriptan., Zolmitriptan, Naratriptan.
Ergot Alkaloids: Ergotamine, Dihydroergotamine.
PREVENTIVE TREATMENT
Calcium channel blockers: Verapamil.
Calcitonin gene-related (CGRP) monoclonal antibodies: Erenumab,
Fremanezumab, Galcanezumab, Eptinezumab.
Beta blockers: Atenolol., Propranolol, Nadolol.
Antidepressants: Amitriptyline., Nortriptyline., Doxepin., Duloxetine.
Antiseizure drugs: Valproic acid., Topiramate.
Other: Steroids, Phenothiazines, Corticosteroids.
PREVENTION
➢ Avoid loud noises and bright lights.
➢ Pay attention to food choices.
➢ Keep a headache diary.
➢ Eat and sleep on a regular schedule.
➢ Avoid stress.
➢ Pay attention to the weather.
CONCLUSION
It is more common in adults than children and in women than men. While
researchers have some idea of what happens within the brain during migraine
attacks, much remains to be discovered about its underlying causes and
mechanisms.
In addition, treatment focuses on avoiding those things that seem to trigger
attacks, identifying drugs that prevent or reduce the severity of attacks and drugs
that reduce the intense pain of a severe attack.
The good news is that several classes of drugs are effective for different kinds of
migraine and most migraine sufferers can work with their doctor to minimize
migraine's effects.
THANK
YOU