AS 1020 ASSIGNMENT 2 Max. Marks: 50 Due date 13.11.

2013

1. Three pipes (1,2 and 3) steadily deliver water to a large exit pipe 4. The velocity
V2 = 5 m/s, and the exit flow rate Q4 = 120 m3 /h. Find (a) V1 ; (b) V3 ; and (c) V4
if it is known that increasing Q3 by 20% would increase Q4 by 10%. The pipes have
circular cross sections with diameters d1 = 4 cm, d2 = 5 cm, d3 = 6 cm and d4 = 9 cm.

2. Water flows steadily through a round pipe of radius R. The entrance velocity is U0 . The
exit velocity approximates turbulent flow where
( )1/7
r
u = Umax 1− .
R

Here r is radial distance from the center of the pipe. Determine the ratio U o/Umax for
this incompressible flow.

3. An incompressible fluid flows past an impermeable flat plate, with a uniform inlet profile
u = U0 and a cubic polynomial exit profile
( )
3η − η 3 y
u = U0 where η= .
2 δ

Compute the volume flow Q across the top surface of a control volume of height δ and
width b on the plate.

4. Consider a steady, two–dimensional, incompressible flow of a Newtonian fluid with veloc-

ity field u = −2xy, v = y 2 − x2 and w = 0. (a) Does this flow satisfy conservation of
mass? (b) Find the pressure field p(x,y) if at (0, 0), the pressure is pa . Assume no body
forces are acting.

5. If z is up, what are the conditions on constants a and b for which the velocity field u = ay,
v = bx, w = 0 is an exact solution to the continuity and Navier–Stokes equations for in-
compressible flow? Assume no body forces are acting.

6. A proposed three–dimensional incompressible flow field has the following vector form:
⃗ = Kxî + Ky ĵ − 2Kz k̂.
V

(a) Determine if this field is a valid solution to continuity and Navier–Stokes equations.
(b) If ⃗g = −g k̂ find the pressure field p(x, y, z). (c) Is the flow irrotational?

1
 7. Consider the two–dimensional incompressible velocity potential ϕ = xy + x2 y 2 . (a) Is
it true that ∇2 ϕ = 0, and, if so, what does this mean? (b) If it exists, find the stream
function ψ(x, y) of this flow. (c) Find the equation of the streamline which passes through
(x, y) = (2, 1).

8. An incompressible flow in polar coordinates is given by

( ) ( )
b b
Vr = Kcos(θ) 1 − 2 ; Vθ = −Ksin(θ) 1 + 2 .
r r
Does this field satisfy continuity? For consistency, what should be the dimensions of the
constants K and b. Sketch the surface where Vr = 0 and interpret.

9. The velocity profile for laminar flow between two plates is

y(h − y)
u = 4umax , v = w = 0.
h2
If the wall temperature is TW at both walls, use the incompressible flow energy equation
to solve for the temperature distribution T (y) between the walls for steady flow. Here
y = 0 for bottom wall and y = h for the top wall.

10. Convection heat–transfer data are often reported as a heat–transfer coefficient h, defined
by Q = hAδT where Q is heat flow rate in J/s, A is surface area in m2 and δT is
temperature difference in K. The dimensionless form of h, called the Stanton number,
is a combination of h, fluid density ρ, specific heat CP , and flow velocity V . Derive the
Stanton number if it is proportional to h.