6.

32 Multivariate Calculus

So, Jx+)d dy V4

du dv

U
V=0

34-)--d 3
Fig. 6. 6. 8

8 K4 EXERCISE 6 (D)
1. Evaluate drdy over the first quadrant of the ellipse+
R

2 Evaluate (1+x*+y dr dy taken over triangle a whose vertices are (0. 0), (2, 0) and
(1, )

33. 36-9x-4y1
Evaluate J|36+9+4yS dx dy taken over the positive quadrant of the ellipse

4 =1.

A. Using the transformation x +y= u, y =

uv, Show that
d 0
dk -e-1)
5. Using the transformation + show that
xy(1-x- y)F
=
x y u, y =
uv, dr dy
105 1.
=
integration being taken over the area of the triangle bounded by the lines x =0, y=0, x+y=

ANSWERS
Ttab 97T
1
8
2. tan3.(7-2) 2

6.7 Triple integral

Let a function fx, y. z) be continuous at every pomt ol a finite region S of three dimensional
space Consi der n sub-spaces oS,, Od ..oS,o1 the space S. If c, y, z,) be a point in the

th subspace, then the limit ofthe sum 2/(,,Y,,2,)8S,, as n - o , ås, >0 is known as
r=l
Multiple Integrais
6.33
the triple integral of f(x,y,z) over the space S. It is denoted
by | (x,y.z \de
S it Ca

22
be calculated as (x, y, z)dz dy dx. First we
integrate with respect toz treatng
asconstant between the limits z, and z,. The resulting
expression (function ofx, vis inta.
with respect to y Keeping x as constant between the limits and
y, At the y,. ategratet
end we integr
the
resulting expression (function of x only) within the limits x, and x,.

Example-6. 7. 1: Evaluate (x+y+z)dr dy d

R

Where R:0<x<1, 1 sy<2,2sz<3.

Solution:
R
+y+z)dr dy de

f|+y+3y -(r+y+2)°|
- a f (2x+2y+5).1.d

- 4

I(2x4+5) -(2x*2+5]
(4x+16)2 d
- r+4) d

- 4
34
-6. 7. 2: Evaluate d r dy d
Multivariate Calaulu-

-1)4d
- )-d*]dy d

- -ee\de

te dx

r }

log2

log 2
2log2e
eog 16

eog44+og2

-2-3+2-1
Multiple Integrals E Az 6.35

EXample-6.7.3 Evaluate x vz dr dy d:, the volume ofintegration being positive octant of tne

ellipsoid+ s.
Solufion: Letx = au,y=bv, z = cw so that the transformed field ofintegration becomes the spnere

r++ws1.
J a y z drdy de = [IS abe uvwx, d udv dw
o(u,v, w)

Ou ov Ow
abc [Suww du dv dw
Ow
z
Cu v
a0 0
= abc IIIuvw jo b 0 du dv dw

=a bSJuvwdu dv dw
=a bcSJuv du dv wdw

a'be
2 uv(1-u -v*)du d
Put u =r cos8, v= rsine

ou ou
a frcosOrsine(1- cos'6-sin'e) dr d0
dd d
or

a'befsin
2
Gcoso(1-*)r dr do
= 5a* bef sin0cos0dof (-")d*

-*Be f sin@
cos0do 4

a sin cose de.

-24b f sincosodo
6.36 Multivariate Calaulus

abTO)r0)
2T(2)

(2x1)
48

Example-6.7.4 Evaluate dx dy dz

The field
--y-
of
Solution: Let x=r sine coso, yintegration being the positive octant of the sphere x? ++ =1.
sin6 sinÍ, z =r cos o.
=
r

Then in the transformed field r varies from 0 to 1,0 varies

from 0 to and o varies from
Oto

d dy d

I-x- y-z?
1
oX. y,Z) dr d do
a(r,0.)
sin 6dr de de o(x,y,z)
or,0,0) r sin0
=

de snodo r dr

Let r=
sin t
dr= costdt
sin6 de i Sn cost dt r=0:=0
-sin
-

f de fsn 9.do f sin' s d

1oli l-coso) 2r(2)

Multiple Integrals

Example 6.7.5: Evaluate TlxdV, where D is the solid in the

first octant boA
D

cylinder +y* =4 and the plane 2y+z =4

Solution: The upper boundary surface of D is the plane z =4-2y and the low
surface is the xy-plane, z = 0. The
projection A of the solid on xy-plane is the
disk
r+y s4 with x20. y20. (:: D lies in thefirst octant)
The projection A is the set of all (x,y) such that for each fixed x between 0 to 2,
from0 to y4-x

Thus, we have ||xd

D

z=4-2y
xdz dA
4 2=0 =J4-x -

=2 y=y4-x z=4-2y
Region
z=0

x=2 y=y4-x =

X=0 v=0

y -v4-
= x(4-2y)dy d
Fig. - 6.7.5

(4x-2xy) dy d

4xy-12-V4
d

J4xV4-- - x(4- ))ds

24-2)-4 d
 g5 SR I Multivariate Calaulus
6.38
x=2

--2i x=0

0-8+4)-

324-
SP EXERCISE 6 (E) R E
Evaluatethe following:

.ff d d.
+ logx+ y+*
dz dy dx

x-y+ z)de dy d
4
d dy de.
logz dz dr dy.
Evaluate S + y +z2)xyz dr dy dz taken throughout the sphere r++*sl.

Evaluate d r dy d the coordinate planes

i f the region of integration is bounded by
(x+y+z+1)
andthe plane x + y +z= 1.
=0 and
Omputefx dr dy dz over the volume oftetrahedron bounded by x =

0, y =
0, :

9
=1
t e I J a + y + z) dx d y dz o v e r the tetrahedron bounded by the planes = 0, y * 0,

0 andx +yt z= 1.

Evaluate 2

=
d dydz over the volume of the ellipsoid

JTzdV,
D
where D is the region given by x+ y+:' s1,y20.:20.
Multiple Integrals H 6.39
12. Evaluate e ' d , where D is the region described by the inequalities 0Sx S1, 0sySx
D
and 0 z Sx+v
13. Find the volume ofthe solid D bounded below by the paraboloid z=x+y and above by
the plane 2x+2 =3.

ANSWERS
1. 48 2. log 2 3. 0

a bc
5. e-8e+13) 6. . 2 16 60
e
9. 10.T abc 11. 0 12-e 13. 8T
6.8 Applications
The muktiple ntepiais are indispensible tools in calculating the mass and area ofa plane,i
öu face area and the volume of a solid and also in calculating the centre of gravity, Moment
of inertia, etc.

6.9 Area In Carteslan Coordinates

Y
D C
x+ox. y+ö&)
XFa P Q r=b

yS(x)
X

Fig. 6.9.0
Let the curves AB and CD bey, =5) andy, =4 ) .
Let the ordinates AD and BC be x = a and x = b.

So, the area enclosed by the two curves y, =flx) andy , - , )andx =a and x = b is ABCD.

Let Px. y) and Q (x + åx, y + öy) be two neighbouring points.

Then area ofthe small rectangle = àrðy

Area ofthe vertical strip oy->0

=
lim xöy = å dy.