Narcissistic Leadership and Project Success

in IT Industry: Moderating the role of Risk

Management Technology.
By: Aleeza Anjum

Introduction:
Leadership can be defined as the ability and willingness to take ownership of an
organization (or part of the organization to which one is entrusted), combined with
the motivation to do the best for the organization (Rihal, 2017). Technical skills
will not be tested in this study because they reduce the need as a person is strong in
the organization, compared to a person’s skills and ideas, which is especially
important when a person is superior to an organization (Buchholz et al., 2020)

If a project is canceled, it can be a difficult challenge for the whole organization.

From a research perspective, there are many books available that focus on the
importance of integrating personality and leadership. As with any project, the role
of fans and leaders is an important part of leadership that can give the project
authority over success (Hassan et al., 2017; Zaman et al., 2020). Research into the
relationship between narcissism and human skills is limited, but the relationship
seems negative. For example, Cheek, Kealy, Joyce, and Ogrodniczuk (2018)
conducted a study examining the relationship between narcissism and social skills.
In this study, the results showed that narcissism had significant, positive
relationships and disabilities among people, especially those characterized by
domination, retaliation, and extreme behavior (Cheek et al., 2018). Narcissistic
leaders always try to rule their subordinates (Schmid et al., 2021). The concept of
narcissism is also considered a circular pattern for you and self-esteem is important
because this pattern is also linked to abnormalities (Germain, 2018b). The
leadership style of Narcissism has a very dark side to which it is associated as they
are considered emotionally isolated and disloyal in the eyes of the people. They
rethink themselves and hold beliefs of propriety and superiority. (Carnevale et al.,
2018).

It is important that narcissistic leadership needs to be managed in a way that can

benefit the whole organization, and this can be done using the risk management
factor moderating variable of any project as a way to determine whether narcissism
has a significant impact, so that it can lead to project success (Leary & Ashman,
2018). Risk management of information technology completely focused on
technology and interaction with it software, hardware, information and data,
however interacting with people is not entirely necessary technology. Because they
are auditors, business leaders, and legal teams also face risk management in this
regard they look and somehow respond. Therefore, there is a close relationship
between IT and non-IT in this place. Identifying a project goal is another an
effective step in effective risk management information Technology. On dangerous
roads category, identification, character classification, and threat testing should be
mentioned. Then exactly the number of tangible and real threats is limited then the
risk is defined and defined. Finally, there are ways to reduce risk and risk.(samimi,
2020). Narcissism is defined as a great sense of self-worth, a sense of privilege, a
need to be commended, and to worry about dreams of infinite wisdom, power, or
success (Bressert, 2019). The IT industry is one of the industries where such
leadership can be present as leaders in the IT industry sometimes have to make
difficult calls to ensure that the project has the right to succeed and in this case,
they need people to complete their assigned tasks without asking questions. submit
to their decisions (Brooker, 2020; Khan et al., 2020; Sunarsi et al., 2021). It is
therefore important to control narcissistic behavior, and in doing so, risk
management technology can serve as one of the measurement variables to
determine whether this style of leadership and personality traits will not allow the
project to discard and deal with failure (Carnevale et al., 2018). Monitoring controls
can create a cycle of tracking changes in the system and its operating environment;
assessing the security of information and the impact of privacy; review controls,
take corrective measures, and report security and privacy status of the system and
organization.(National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2018).

Literature Review:
The rapid technological process and the digital world occur in all organizational
mandates in all areas and in all types of sectors, as the business world is
transformed by the postmodern revolution-Fourth Industrial Revolution. In this
changing environment, leaders need to learn new management practices, which
they can communicate with the internal and external areas of their businesses
through strategic organization and innovation. This can be by noting changes in the
environment and the ability to manage these changes for the benefit of the company
(Akkaya, 2021). In any project, certain features serve as important indicators of
project success. These factors are associated with others, which is why
compromising on any one item can affect others; therefore, it is important that
project project planning, planning, monitoring, and control be developed within the
framework of the Project Management Institute (PMI) to ensure that the project is
not blocked at any time (Doskočil & Lacko, 2018). Risk management is an
important and necessary management that makes accurate decisions based on the
level of risk and risk and is used in many parts of the world by IT managers. Due to
the complexity of the environment, the IT business is prone to risk, so it is
necessary to manage the risk to protect projects as much as possible from damage
caused by events. The concept of disaster risk management also defines an
integrated risk assessment process and selection of management strategies and how
to deal with them (samimi, 2020). Additionally, in addition to identifying project
risks, other factors affect project success. One of the most important aspects of a
project is leadership that will determine how a project will complete it within the
limits of budget, time, and scope to authorize it as a successful project. Narcissism
is one of the symptoms associated with leaders, described as a continuous pattern of
insensitive size and striving for extreme self-esteem (Buchholz et al., 2020).
Leadership / authority, arrogance / arrogance, self-esteem / self-esteem, and
exploitation / rights have been identified as the four main components of
narcissism. In the following we look at narcissism as a personality trait rather than a
distraction because our narcissism rate is based on stored data, unlike personal
interviews, which makes it difficult or impossible to even detect hidden
abnormalities (Buchholz et al., 2020). As the narcissism of the leaders has a
profound effect on decision-making in the organization it begins the ongoing
process of project management. It is possible that the decisions of narcissist leaders
and proposals could lead to higher risks, thus disrupting the project from failure.
Therefore, it is important to control these behaviors and to use the personal
characteristics of leaders for the benefit of the organization, and it may be possible
to do so with risk management technology. As if the risks associated with the
projects are already known, decisions are made correctly, and as a result eliminates
the possibility of making poor decisions that could lead to project failure.(Ali et al.,
2021).
Facets of narcissism and leadership:
Potential advantages
• Being seen as charismatic
• Acting in forward driven manners
(e.g., engage in Mergers and
Acquisitions activities)
• Good performance (especially when
being admired by others)
• Potential contribution to followers'
career building
• Charisma • Workaholics and high
achievers
• Great vision and dramatic action
• Inspiration for followers • Supreme
confidence and dominance
• Innovation • “Crisis leaders”
Potential disadvantages
• Lack of concern for others
• Negative impact on followers'
emotions (e.g.,
• Lack of self-awareness
envy) and behaviors (e.g.,
counterproductive work behaviors)
• Blocking fruitful collaboration
• Engaging in “window-dressing”
activities
• Control and power • Personal flaws
• Risk to company's reputation (e.g.,
fraud)
• Difficult to get along/infliction of pain
on subordinates
• Arrogance

Risk Management guts:

A link is established between narcissism and risk-taking skills. This claim is
supported by Pimchangthong & Boonjing (2017) in which they found that
narcissistic leaders tend to make very risky decisions to gain recognition or even
cheat policies in order to achieve desired results. Many opportunities to make such
decisions without fear of consequences. As things progress at a faster pace in IT,
leaders need to take risk-taking skills to maintain a competitive edge with their
competitors (Braun, 2017). While narcissistic leaders often present a bold vision for
the future, which makes them more kind in the eyes of others, the people working
under them acknowledge and accept their potential for risking (Anninos, 2018).

Project Success:
In the first phase, the success of a project can be defined at three levels:

(i) Completion Success: The success of a project is defined by five factors; scope,
plan, budget, location, and quality. This issue of success is limited to the life cycle
of the project. Therefore, it can only be measured during the life cycle of a project
and immediately after the project has reached its conclusion

(ii) Success Outcomes: It is about defining a product or service process in which a

project is considered successful. This can only be measured once a service or
product has been used according to a specified timeline.

iii) Development Success: In this study, Project success is a variation that depends
on the style of unruly leadership and determines whether it can be managed
effectively using disaster risk management technology as a measure of flexibility to
lead a project to success (Pimchangthong & Boonjing, 2017).

Narcissistic leadership has been tested in two ways; recommendation and

competition. The results suggest that risk management technology has a positive
and important impact on the success of the project. But disaster management
technology as the only thing to balance between narcissism leadership and project
success is not enough to reduce narcissism leadership in a way that can affect
project success, precisely narcissistic praise associated with virtues such as high
esteem, jealousy, forgiveness, etc. with all the motive. (Ali et al., 2021).

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