PARTS OF SPEECH

INTRODUCTION
 Words are divided into different kinds or classes,
called Parts of Speech, according to use; that is
according to the work they do in a sentence.

1. Noun 5. Adverb
2.Pronoun 6. Preposition
3. Adjective 7. Conjunction
4.Verb 8. Interjection
 NOUN
A noun is a word used a name of a person, place or thing.
1. Akbar was a great king.
2. Kolkata is on the banks of river Hoogly.
3. The sun shines bright.
4. His courage is his honour.
 PRONOUN

A pronoun is used instead of a noun.

1. Jake is absent, he is ill.
2. The books are where you left them.
 ADJECTIVE

Adjective is a word used to add something to the meaning

of a noun.
1. He is a brave boy.
2. There are twenty boys in this class.
 VERB

It is a word used to express an action or state.

1. The girl wrote a letter to her cousin.
2. Kolkata is a big city.
3. Iron and copper are useful metals.
 ADVERB
An Adverb is a word used to add something to the
meaning of a verb, an adjective, or another adverb.
1. He worked the sum quickly.
2. This flower is very beautiful.
3. She pronounced the word quite correctly.
 PREPOSITION
A Preposition is a word used with a noun or a pronoun to show
how the person or thing denoted by the noun or pronoun
stands in relation to something else.
1. There is a cow in the garden.
2. The girl is fond of music.
3. A fair little girl sat under a tree.
 CONJUNCTION
A Conjunction is a word used to join words or sentences.
1. Ram and Hari are cousins.
2. Two and two make four.
3. I ran fast, but missed the train.
 INTERJECTION

An Interjection is a word which expresses some sudden

feeling.
1. Hurrah! We have won the game.
2. Alas! She is dead.
 ERRORS BASED ON NOUNS

1. Nouns such as stationery, furniture, poetry, luggage,

cutlery, scenery, advice, baggage, bread, etc. are always
used in singular form and take singular verbs.
• Incorrect: The Furniture of the house are quite outdated.
• Correct: The Furniture of the house is quite outdated.
 ERRORS BASED ON NOUNS
2. Nouns such as club, council, jury, choir, team, opposition, house,
committee, orchestra etc. are collective nouns and are used as
singular nouns. They are used with singular verb.
• Example: Incorrect: The opposition were not satisfied with the
government’s reply.
• Correct: The opposition was not satisfied with the government’s
reply.
 ERRORS BASED ON NOUNS

3. Certain nouns such as economics, news, politics,

physics, gallows, statistics, ethics, etc. are singular, though
they appear plural.
• Incorrect: The news about his death were incorrect.
• Correct: The news about his death was incorrect.
 ERRORS BASED ON NOUNS

4. Nouns such as shorts, shoes, trousers, glasses, spectacles,

scissors, tongs, pyjamas, goggles, spectacles, socks etc. are
always used in plural form because they are used in pairs.
• Incorrect: His glass looks very expensive.
• Correct: His glasses look very expensive.
 ERRORS BASED ON NOUNS

5. Certain nouns such as infantry, cattle, fish, deer, gentry,

sheep, poultry, cavalry, folk, police, and people, etc. are
plural collective nouns and always take plural verbs.
• Incorrect: Fish of all kinds is kept in the aquarium.
• Correct: Fishes of all kinds are kept in the aquarium.
 ERRORS BASED ON NOUNS
6. A phrase expressing noun as one unit is used in
singular form. Such noun units take a singular verb.
• Examples: Incorrect: The six day seminar were
conducted in the college.
• Correct: The six day seminar was conducted in the
college.
 ERRORS BASED ON NOUNS

7. Compound nouns having three elements with a

preposition in the middle should have plurality in the first
element.
• Incorrect: He invited all sister in laws for the discussion.
• Correct: He invited all sisters in law for the discussion.
 ERRORS BASED ON NOUNS

8. Compound nouns having two elements have plurality

in the second element.
• Incorrect: The females worker were not allowed to work
in night shifts.
• Correct: The female workers were not allowed to work in
night shifts.
 ERRORS BASED ON NOUNS
9. Two nouns depicting a common possession, have | ‘s |
after the second noun.
• Incorrect: Gopi’s and Rahul’s team has won the
tournament.
• Correct: Gopi and Rahul’s team has won the
tournament.
•
 ERRORS BASED ON NOUNS

10. Nouns ending with ‘s’ become possessives by taking

apostrophe at the end of the word.
• Incorrect: They invited all team’s coaches.
• Correct: They invited all teams’ coaches.
 PRACTICE QUESTIONS

1. Arranging financing (a)/is one of the biggest challenges

(b)/ before small entrepreneurs. (c). / No error. (d)
2. He wrote a long essay (a)/ on the topic of (b)/ global
warming and climate changing. (c)/ No error. (d)
3. Mathematics were (a)/ one of the subjects that
frightened me (b)/ when I was a student.(c)/ No error (d)
4. A ten days NCC camp (a)/ was organized (b)/ in our
school last month. (c)/ No error (d)
5. With the educational landscape in India evolving, (a)/
we should set our goal (b)/ to prepare children for life and
its challenges. (c)/ No error. (d)