PVTi

Reference Manual

2008.1
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Table of Contents
List of Figures ..... ...................................................................................................................................................................7
List of Tables ...... ...................................................................................................................................................................8

Chapter 1 - New developments........................................................................................................ 9

Developments for 2007.1 .......................................................................................................................................................9
Developments for 2005A ......................................................................................................................................................10
Developments for 2004A ......................................................................................................................................................11

Chapter 2 - The Most Asked Questions About PVTi.................................................................... 15

Introduction ......... .................................................................................................................................................................15

Chapter 3 - Introduction ................................................................................................................. 27

General information ..............................................................................................................................................................27

Chapter 4 - Getting started............................................................................................................. 31

Starting PVTi ...... .................................................................................................................................................................31

Chapter 5 - Tutorials ....................................................................................................................... 32

Overview............. .................................................................................................................................................................32
Fluid Properties Estimation...................................................................................................................................................34
Creating a fluid system .........................................................................................................................................................37
Simulating experiments ........................................................................................................................................................43
Fitting an equation of state to experimental results ..............................................................................................................50
Exporting ECLIPSE Black Oil PVT tables.............................................................................................................................54
Converting a black oil run to compositional ..........................................................................................................................58
Workflow Tutorial .................................................................................................................................................................61
Multiphase Flash .................................................................................................................................................................69
Exporting an ECLIPSE Thermal model ................................................................................................................................73
Data analysis and quality control ..........................................................................................................................................77
Removing contamination from samples................................................................................................................................84
Converting old projects to the current version ......................................................................................................................87

Chapter 6 - Reference section ....................................................................................................... 89

General information ..............................................................................................................................................................89
Main PVTi window ................................................................................................................................................................90
The PVTi main module .........................................................................................................................................................91
The fluid model ... .................................................................................................................................................................98
COMB - Compositional Material Balance ...........................................................................................................................112
Simulation using PVTi ........................................................................................................................................................117
Regression in PVTi .............................................................................................................................................................126
Exporting keywords ............................................................................................................................................................133
VFP module ........ ...............................................................................................................................................................138
Utilities ................ ...............................................................................................................................................................144
Batch system and keywords ...............................................................................................................................................152
Error handling ..... ...............................................................................................................................................................165

Chapter 7 - Keywords ................................................................................................................... 167

PVTi keywords.... ...............................................................................................................................................................167
Keywords A-D..... ...............................................................................................................................................................168
ACF: Acentric factors......................................................................................................................................................... 169
ACHEUH: A-coefficient for Cheuh-Prausnitz BICs ............................................................................................................ 170

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ALLDRY: Dry Gas Tables for Each Sample ...................................................................................................................... 171
BIC: Binary interaction coefficients .................................................................................................................................... 172
BLACKOIL: Start of the BLACKOIL section....................................................................................................................... 174
CALVAL: Specify calorific values....................................................................................................................................... 175
CHARACT: Components to be characterized.................................................................................................................... 176
CNAMES: Component names ........................................................................................................................................... 177
COATS: Blackoil tables...................................................................................................................................................... 178
COMB: Start of the COMB section .................................................................................................................................... 179
COMBINE: Group existing components ............................................................................................................................ 180
CORRACF: Splitting correlation for ACFs ......................................................................................................................... 181
CORRCP: Splitting correlation for critical properties ......................................................................................................... 182
DRYGAS: Dry gas tables................................................................................................................................................... 183
DEADOIL: Dead oil tables ................................................................................................................................................. 184
DEBUE: Select output to debug file ................................................................................................................................... 185
DEBUG: Select output to debug file................................................................................................................................... 186
DEFBIC: Default binary interaction coefficients ................................................................................................................. 187
DEGREES: Temperature convention ................................................................................................................................ 188
DIFFERENTIAL: Blackoil tables ........................................................................................................................................ 189
DREF: Reference densities ............................................................................................................................................... 190
Keywords E-K ..... ...............................................................................................................................................................191
ECHO: Insert PVI file into PVP file ...................................................................................................................................... 192
EOS: Defines the required Equation of State ..................................................................................................................... 193
EOSOUT: EoS data for ECLIPSE 300................................................................................................................................. 194
EXP: Experiments .............................................................................................................................................................. 195
EXPIND: Set Status of Experiments .................................................................................................................................. 200
FIT: Perform fit by regression ........................................................................................................................................... 201
FRAC: Specify plus fraction data ........................................................................................................................................ 202
FRAGOR: Blackoil tables ..................................................................................................................................................... 203
FVFREF: FVF reference conditions.................................................................................................................................... 204
GI: Define GI nodes for E200 tables ................................................................................................................................. 205
GROUP: Start of the GROUP section .................................................................................................................................. 206
GRBYALL: Start of the GROUP section.............................................................................................................................. 207
GRBYMIX: Start of the GROUP section.............................................................................................................................. 208
GRBYSAM: Start of the GROUP section.............................................................................................................................. 209
GRPBYWGT: Grouping by molecular weight ........................................................................................................................ 210
HYDRO: Define component as hydrocarbon or non-hydrocarbon....................................................................................... 211
KVTABLE: Request K-value table for ECLIPSE 300 output ............................................................................................... 212
Keywords L- O .... ...............................................................................................................................................................213
LBC: Lohrenz-Bray-Clark viscosities .................................................................................................................................. 214
LBCCOEF: Set non-default LBC coefficients ...................................................................................................................... 215
LIVEOIL: Live oil tables .................................................................................................................................................... 216
LNAMES: Specify library names.......................................................................................................................................... 217
MAXIT: Max. number of regression iterations.................................................................................................................... 218
MAXSTEP: Maximum step size allowed in regression ........................................................................................................ 219
MDP: Data for Whitson splitting .......................................................................................................................................... 220
MESSAGE: Echo message to file and screen...................................................................................................................... 221
MINDELP: Minimum pressure difference ........................................................................................................................... 222
MINSTEP: Minimum step limit allowed in regression ......................................................................................................... 223
MIX: Mix samples .............................................................................................................................................................. 224
MODSPEC : Denotes start of the run specification section .................................................................................................. 225
MODSYS : Start of the MODSYS section ........................................................................................................................... 226
MOSES : Blackoil tables ..................................................................................................................................................... 227
MW : Specify molecular weights......................................................................................................................................... 228
MWS : Define plus fraction mole weight for CMF splitting .................................................................................................. 229
NCOMPS : Specify number of components ..................................................................................................................... 230
NEWPVI : Request new output PVI file ............................................................................................................................ 231
NEWPVO : Request new output PVO file......................................................................................................................... 232
NOECHO : No insertion of PVI file into PVP file ................................................................................................................ 233
OBS : Specify observations .............................................................................................................................................. 234

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Table of Contents
OBSIND : Specify observation weights ............................................................................................................................ 235
OMEGAA/B: Specify EoS omega values........................................................................................................................... 237
OPTIONS : Set various program options ......................................................................................................................... 238
OUTECL3 : Start of the OUTECL3 section ...................................................................................................................... 240
Keywords P- S .... ...............................................................................................................................................................241
PARACHOR : Define parachors ........................................................................................................................................... 242
PCRIT : Critical pressures ................................................................................................................................................ 243
PEARCE : Blackoil tables................................................................................................................................................. 244
PEDERSEN : Specify Pedersen viscosities ..................................................................................................................... 245
PRCORR : Peng-Robinson correction ............................................................................................................................. 246
PSEUCOMP : Start of the PSEUCOMP section.................................................................................................................. 247
RECOVERY : Liquid production for recovery estimates................................................................................................... 248
REGRESS: Start of the REGRESS section....................................................................................................................... 249
REGTARG : Regression target ........................................................................................................................................ 250
RTEMP : Reservoir temperature for ECLIPSE Compositional ......................................................................................... 251
RUNSPEC : Denotes start of the run specification........................................................................................................... 252
SALINITY : Specify sample salinity ................................................................................................................................. 253
SAMPLE : Specify fluid sample ........................................................................................................................................ 254
SAMPLES : Specify fluid samples.................................................................................................................................... 255
SAMPLES : Specify fluid samples.................................................................................................................................... 256
SAMTITLE : Specify titles of fluid samples....................................................................................................................... 257
SAVCOMP : Save compositions ...................................................................................................................................... 258
SCT : Defines Semi-Continuous Thermodynamics split................................................................................................... 259
SG : Specify specific gravity ............................................................................................................................................. 260
SIMULATE : Start of the SIMULATE section.................................................................................................................... 261
SPECHA-D: Specify specific heat capacity coefficients .................................................................................................... 262
SPLIT : Start of the SPLIT section................................................................................................................................... 263
SSHIFT : Dimensionless volume shifts for PR3 ................................................................................................................ 264
STCOND : Standard conditions......................................................................................................................................... 265
SYSTEM : Start of the SYSTEM section ........................................................................................................................... 266
Keywords T - Z ... ...............................................................................................................................................................267
TBOIL : Specify boiling points .......................................................................................................................................... 268
TCRIT : Specify critical temperatures............................................................................................................................... 269
THERMX : Thermal expansion coefficient for volume shifts............................................................................................... 270
TITLE : Specify run title ................................................................................................................................................... 271
TLOW : Define lowest temperature for VFP tables ............................................................................................................ 272
TREF : Specify reference temperatures............................................................................................................................ 273
UNITS : Specify unit conventions ..................................................................................................................................... 274
VAR : Specify regression variables ................................................................................................................................... 275
VCRIT : Specify volumes.................................................................................................................................................. 278
VCRITVIS : Specify volumes for LBC viscosity calculations ........................................................................................... 279
VERSION : Version of PVTi .............................................................................................................................................. 280
VFP : Start of the VFP section .......................................................................................................................................... 281
WAT100 : Output water properties .................................................................................................................................... 282
WAT200 : Output water properties .................................................................................................................................... 283
WAT300 : Output water properties .................................................................................................................................... 284
WATVFP : Output water properties .................................................................................................................................... 285
WETGAS : Wet gas tables.................................................................................................................................................. 286
WHIT : Defines Whitson splitting....................................................................................................................................... 287
WHITSON : Blackoil tables ................................................................................................................................................ 288
X/YMFVP: XMFVP and YMFVP ECLIPSE tables .............................................................................................................. 289
ZCRIT : Specify critical Z-factors...................................................................................................................................... 290
ZCRITVIS : Specify critical Z-factors for LBC calculations .............................................................................................. 291
ZI : Specify sample composition...................................................................................................................................... 292
ZMFVD : Composition versus depth table ......................................................................................................................... 293

Chapter 8 - Technical Description ............................................................................................... 294

Overview............. ...............................................................................................................................................................294

PVTi Reference Manual 5

Table of Contents
Theoretical background of PVT ..........................................................................................................................................295
Equation of state . ...............................................................................................................................................................316
Basic laboratory experiments..............................................................................................................................................338
Regression ......... ...............................................................................................................................................................347
Output for ECLIPSE simulators ..........................................................................................................................................353
Analysis techniques ............................................................................................................................................................371
Recommended PVT analysis for oil reservoirs ...................................................................................................................372
Recommended PVT analysis for gas condensate reservoirs .............................................................................................377
Consistency tests and correlations .....................................................................................................................................381
Fluid Properties Estimation .................................................................................................................................................384
Regression in PVT analysis ................................................................................................................................................386
Wax and asphaltene precipitation in PVTi ..........................................................................................................................394
Cleaning samples contaminated with oil-based mud..........................................................................................................398
Mixing and recombination of samples.................................................................................................................................400
ECLIPSE Thermal Export Module ......................................................................................................................................401

Appendix A - Units........................................................................................................................ 409

Units.................... ...............................................................................................................................................................409

Appendix B - Symbols.................................................................................................................. 413

Symbols .............. ...............................................................................................................................................................413

Appendix C - Bibliography........................................................................................................... 415

Appendix D - Index ....................................................................................................................... 421

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Table of Contents
List of Figures
Figure 5.1 .......... Fingerprint Plot .......................................................................................................................................40
Figure 5.2 .......... Phase Plot ..............................................................................................................................................41
Figure 5.3 .......... The plotted simulation results .................................................................................................................46
Figure 5.4 .......... Plot of Oil FVF, Viscosity and Rs versus pressure for the output black oil property tables ....................56
Figure 5.5 .......... Phase Diagram for Schrader Bluff Fluids ...............................................................................................70
Figure 5.6 .......... The phase envelope plot. .......................................................................................................................78
Figure 5.7 .......... The main display shows messages indicating the quality of the data.....................................................79
Figure 5.8 .......... The main plot window after zooming in ..................................................................................................80
Figure 5.9 .......... The plot of k values versus pressure. .....................................................................................................81
Figure 5.10 ........ The Hoffman-Crump plot ........................................................................................................................82
Figure 5.11 ........ Hoffman-Crump-Hocott plot. ...................................................................................................................83
Figure 5.12 ........ The original sample, the cleaned sample and the estimated contaminant. ............................................85
Figure 6.1 .......... The main PVTi window ...........................................................................................................................91
Figure 6.2 .......... Fingerprint Plot .....................................................................................................................................109
Figure 6.3 .......... Phase plot.............................................................................................................................................110
Figure 6.4 .......... Ternary Plot .........................................................................................................................................111
Figure 6.5 .......... Main display after performing material balance ....................................................................................113
Figure 6.6 .......... COMB module - vapor versus pressure plot ........................................................................................114
Figure 6.7 .......... The VFP module...................................................................................................................................138

PVTi Reference Manual 7

List of Figures
List of Tables
Table 5.1 The Fundamentals panel .........................................................................................................................35
Table 5.2 Component and fluid definitions...............................................................................................................37
Table 5.3 Program Options data ..............................................................................................................................39
Table 5.4 Constant Composition Expansion experiment at 220o F (* indicates bubble point pressure)..................44
Table 5.5 Differential Liberation Experiment at 220o F (* indicates bubble point pressure).....................................47
Table 6.1 List of library components ........................................................................................................................95
Table 6.2 Observation data....................................................................................................................................123
Table 6.3 Set PVTi Program Options panel ...........................................................................................................145
Table 6.4 Keywords for introducing sections .........................................................................................................156
Table 6.5 RUNSPEC keywords .............................................................................................................................156
Table 6.6 SYSTEM keywords ................................................................................................................................157
Table 6.7 SPLIT keywords .....................................................................................................................................158
Table 6.8 GROUP keywords..................................................................................................................................159
Table 6.9 COMB keywords ....................................................................................................................................159
Table 6.10 SIMULATE keywords .............................................................................................................................160
Table 6.11 REGRESS keywords .............................................................................................................................160
Table 6.12 BLACKOIL keywords .............................................................................................................................161
Table 6.13 PSEUCOMP keywords ..........................................................................................................................162
Table 6.14 OUTECL3 keywords ..............................................................................................................................162
Table 6.15 VFP keywords........................................................................................................................................163
Table 6.16 APITRACK keywords .............................................................................................................................163
Table 6.17 Error codes ............................................................................................................................................165
Table 7.1 Output indices ........................................................................................................................................185
Table 7.2 Output indices ........................................................................................................................................186
Table 7.3 Required data for experiments...............................................................................................................195
Table 7.4 Keyword arguments ...............................................................................................................................196
Table 7.5 Restrictions for EXP keyword arguments...............................................................................................198
Table 7.6 Component Types..................................................................................................................................211
Table 7.7 Equation of State omega values ............................................................................................................237
Table 7.8 Default limits for variables ......................................................................................................................276
Table 8.1 Alkanes ..................................................................................................................................................297
Table 8.2 Napthenes..............................................................................................................................................298
Table 8.3 Aromatics ...............................................................................................................................................298
Table 8.4 Physical properties.................................................................................................................................299
Table 8.5 Multi-component (ii) mixtures .................................................................................................................299
Table 8.6 CVD Report............................................................................................................................................308
Table 8.7 Equation of State coefficients ................................................................................................................318
Table 8.8 Equation of State constants ...................................................................................................................319
Table 8.9 Parameter estimation data. N is the number of experimental points .....................................................335
Table 8.10 Parameter Values for Pure Component Viscosity Correlation ...............................................................335
Table 8.11 Physical Properties of Methane and Decane .........................................................................................336
Table 8.12 PVTi defaults for Fluid Property Estimation ...........................................................................................385
Table A.1 Units .......................................................................................................................................................410
Table A.2 Constants ...............................................................................................................................................411
Table A.3 Conversion factors .................................................................................................................................411

8 PVTi Reference Manual

List of Tables
 New developments
Chapter 1

Developments for 2007.1

Maintenance of this application is continuing until further notice.

PVTi Reference Manual New developments 9

Developments for 2007.1
Developments for 2005A
Maintenance of this application is continuing until further notice.

10 New developments PVTi Reference Manual

Developments for 2005A