wy FACULTY OF SCIENCE DEPARTMENT OF APPLIED PHYSICS & ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS. BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY IN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING MODULE = PHYSCA1 ENGINEERING PHYSICS CHEM IA CAMPUS DFC JUNE EXAMINATION DATE: 06 June 2018 ASSESSOR MR. T.G. Mathe INTERNAL MODERATOR DR. J. Changundega DURATION: 3 HOURS MARKS 140 NUMBER OF PAGES: 11 PAGES, INCLUDING 1 DATA SHEET. INSTRUCTIONS: ANSWER ALL THE QUESTIONS. KEEP ALL SUB-QUESTIONS TOGETHER. YOU MAY START WITH ANY QUESTION. CALCULATORS ARE PERMITTED (ONLY ONE PER STUDENT), START EACH QUESTION ON A NEW PAGE, NUMERICAL ANSWERS ARE TO BE EXPRESSED IN SCIENTIFIC NOTATION & CORRECT NUMBER OF SIGNIFICANT FIGURES OBSERVED. SHOW ALL STEPS FOLLOWED IN GETTING TO FINAL ANSWERS. * WORK WRITTEN IN PENCIL WILL NOT BE MARKED. ONLY DRAWINGS ARE TO BE DONE IN PENCIL. * NEGATIVE MARKING WILL BE IMPOSED ON ANSWERS DEEMED TO BE IN GROSS VIOLATION OF BASIC SCIENTIFIC PRINCIPLES & LAWS. REQUIREMENTS: ONE EXAMINATION ANSWER SCRIPT PER STUDENT ONE UJ MULTIPLE CHOICE CARDENGINEERING PHYSICS CHEM 1A PHYSCAt 2018 <2} SECTION A: MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS [40 marks! 1 Which one of the following situations is not possible? (a) A body has zero velocity and non-zero acceleration. (b) A body travels with a northward velocity and a northward acceleration. (c) A body travels with a northward velocity and a southward acceleration. (d) A body travels with a constant velocity and a time-varying acceleration. (e) A body travels with a constant acceleration and a time-varying velocity. ‘An object moving along a straight line is decelerating. Which one of the following statements concerning the object's acceleration is necessarily true? (a) The value of the acceleration is positive. (b) The direction of the acceleration is in the same direction as the displacement. (0) An object that is decelerating has a negative acceleration. (d) The direction of the acceleration is in the direction opposite to that of the velocity. (e) The acceleration changes as the object moves along the line. Ball A is dropped from rest from a window. At the same instant, ball B is thrown downward; and ball C is thrown upward from the same window. Which statement concerning the balls after their release is necessarily true if air resistance is neglected? (a) At some instant after it is thrown, the acceleration of ball C is zero. (b) All three balls strike the ground at the same time (c) All three balls have the same velocity at any instant. (d) All three balls have the same acceleration at any instant. (e) All three balls reach the ground with the same velocity. ‘An object moves due east at constant speed. A net force directed due north then acts on the object for 5.0 s. At the end of the 5.0-second period, the net force drops to zero newtons. Which one of the following ‘statements is necessarily true? (a) The object will be moving eastward when the force drops to zero newtons (b) The change in the velocity of the object will be directed north of west (c) The direction of the object's acceleration depends on how fast the object was initially moving. (d) The final velocity of the object will be directed north of east. (e) The magnitude of the object's acceleration depends on how fast the object was initially movingENGINEERING PHYSICS CHEM 1A PHYSCA\ 2018 “3 5. Two point masses m and M are separated by a distance d. If the distance between the masses is increased to 3d, how does the gravitational force between them change? (a) The force will be one-third as great. (b) The force will be one-ninth as great. (c) The force will be three times as great. (d) The force will be nine times as great. (e) It is impossible to determine without knowing the numerical values of m,M, and d. 6. _ Note the following situations: Case Case 3 In which case will the magnitude of the normal force on the block be equal to (Mg + F sin 8)? (a) case? only (b) both cases 1 and 2 (c) cases?, 2, and 3 (d) case2 only (e) both cases 2. and 3 7. Aman stands on a spring scale in a moving elevator and notices that the scale reading is 20% larger than when he weighs himself in his bathroom. Which statement can not be true? (a) The tension in the supporting cable must exceed the weight of the elevator and its contents. (b) The speed of the elevator changes by equal amounts in equal times. (c) The elevator could be moving upward with increasing speed. (d) The elevator could be moving downward with decreasing speed. (e) The elevator could be moving upward at constant speed 8. In which one of the following situations is zero net work done? (a) A ball rolls down an inclined plane. (b) A physics student stretches a spring. (c) A projectile falls toward the surface of Earth (d) A box is pulled across a rough floor at constant velocity. (e) A child pulls a wagon across a rough surface causing it to accelerate. 4)ENGINEERING PHYSICS CHEM 1A PHYSCAt 2018 10. "1 12. A stunt person jumps from the roof of a tall building but no injury occurs because the person lands on a large, air-filled bag. Which one of the following best describes why no injury occurs? (a) The bag provides the necessary force to stop the person. (b) The bag reduces the impulse to the person (c) The bag increases the amount of time the force acts on the person and reduces the change in momentum: (d) The bag decreases the amount of time during which the momentum is changing and reduces the average force on the person (e) The bag increases the amount of time during which the momentum is changing and reduces the average force on the person. Which one of the following is characteristic of an inelastic collision? (a) Total mass is not conserved (b) Kinetic energy is not conserved (0) Total energy is not conserved (d) The change in momentum is less thanthe total impulse (e) Linear momentum is not conserved A simple pendulum consists of a ball of mass m suspended from the ceiling using a string of length L. The ball is displaced from its equilibrium position by a small angle 8. What is the magnitude of the restoring force that moves the ball toward its equilibrium position and produces simple harmonic motion? (a) kx (b) mgcosd (c) mgLsine (d) mg (e) mgsine Complete the following statement: Young's modulus cannot be applied to (a) a stretched wire. (b) a bending beam. (c) a stretched rubber band. (d) a compressed rod. (e) a compressed liquid. 6.ENGINEERING PHYSICS CHEM 1A PHYSCAt 2018 “5 13. 14, 15. 16. 47. A cable stretches by an amount d when it supports a crate of mass M. The cable is replaced by another cable of the same material having the same length and twice the diameter. What is the mass of the load that can be supported by the thicker cable if it stretches by an amount d? (a) Mi4 (c)M (0) 4M (b) Miz (a) 2M Which one of the following statements concerning Hooke's law is false? (a) Hooke’s law relates stress and strain. (b) Hooke’s law is valid only for springs. (c) Hooke's law can be verified experimentally, (d) Hooke’s law can be applied to a wide range of materials. (e) Hooke's law is valid only within the elastic limit of a given material. Which one of the following statements concerning a completely enclosed fluid is true? (a) Any change in the applied pressure of the fluid produces a change in pressure that depends on direction. (b) The pressure at all points within the fluid is independent of any pressure applied to it. (c) Any change in applied pressure produces an equal change in pressure at all points within the fluid (d) An increase in pressure in one part of the fluid results in an equal decrease in pressure in another part. (e) The pressure in the fluid is the same at all points within the fluid, Which one of the following statements concerning the buoyant force on an object submerged in a liquid is true? (a) The buoyant force depends on the mass of the object. (b) The buoyant force depends on the weight of the object. (c) The buoyant force is independent of the density of the liquid. (d) The buoyant force depends on the volume of the liquid displaced (e) The buoyant force will increase with depth if the liquid is incompressible. Complete the following statement: The term heat most accurately describes (a) the internal energy of an object. (b) a measure of how hot an object is (c) the absolute temperature of an object. (d) the molecular motion inside of an object. (@) the flow of energy due to a temperature difference. 6ENGINEERING PHYSICS CHEM 1A PHYSCAI 2018 18. 19. 20. Heat is added to a substance, but its temperature does not rise. Which one of the following statements provides the best explanation for this observation? (a) The substance must be a gas. (b) The substance must be a non-perfect solid. (c) The substance undergoes a change of phase. (d) The substance has unusual thermal properties. (e) The substance must be cooler than its environment. Which one of the following statements concerning a virtual image produced by a mirror is true? (a) A virtual image is always larger than the object. (b) A virtual image is always smaller than the object. (c) A virtual image is always upright relative to the object. (d) A virtual image is always inverted relative to the object. (e) A virtual image can be photographed or projected onto a soreen. Which one of the following statements concerning the index of refraction for a given material is true? (a) The index of refraction may be less than 1. (b) The index of refraction may be measured in nanometers. (c) The index of refraction does not depend on the frequency of the incident light. (d) For a given frequency, the index of refraction is inversely proportional to the wavelength of light in vacuum (e) For a given frequency, the index of refraction is inversely proportional to the wavelength of light in the material. 7.ENGINEERING PHYSICS CHEM 1A PHYSCA1 2018 7s SECTION B: LONG QUESTIONS [100 marks] QUESTION 1: MECHANICS [30 marks] 14 1.2 13 Consider the following vectors A = (6.00 ¢— 8.00 f) units, B = (-8.00 2 + 3.00 f)units, and T = (26.02 + 19.0 f)units Determine the constants a and b such that ad’ + bB' +0 =0. (4) A 325 kg boat is sailing 15.0° north of east at a speed of 2.00 m-s". Thirty seconds later, it is sailing 35.0° north of east at a speed of 4.00 m-s. During this time, three forces act on the boat: * 231.0 N force directed 15.0° north of east (due to an auxiliary engine), © a 23.0N force directed 15.0° south of west (resistance due to the water), Fyy(due to the wind). Caloulate the magnitude and direction of the force Fw. Express the direction as an angle with respect to due east. (10) Starting with an initial speed of 5.00 ms at a height of 0.300 m, a 1.50 kg ball swings downward and strikes a 4.60 kg ball that is at rest, as the drawing shows. 1.3.1. Using the principle of conservation of mechanical energy, determine the speed of the 1.50 kg ball just before impact, (4) 1.3.2 Assuming that the collision is elastic, find the velocities (magnitude and direction) of both balls just after the collision (6) 1.3.3 How high does each ball swing after the collision, ignoring air resistance? (6)ENGINEERING PHYSICS CHEM 1A PHYSCA\ 2018 -8- QUESTION 2: ELASTICITY [20 marks] Start on a new page 2.1. The drawing shows two crates that are connected by a steel wire that passes over a pulley. The unstretched length of the wire is 1.5 m, and its cross- sectional area is 1.3 x 10-5 m?. The pulley is frictionless and massless. When the crates are accelerating, determine the change in length of the wire. Ignore the mass of the wire. (9) Young’s Modulus of steel = 2.0 x 10" N-m? 2.2. The length of a simple pendulum is 0.79 m and the mass of the particle (the “bob") at the end of the cable is 0.24 kg. The pendulum is pulled away from its equilibrium position by an angle of 8.50° and released from rest. Assume that friction can be neglected and that the resulting oscillatory motion is simple harmonic motion. 2.2.1 What is the angular frequency of the motion? (3) 2.2.2 Using the position of the bob at its lowest point as the reference level, determine the total mechanical energy of the pendulum as it swings back and forth: (4) 2.2.3 What is the bob's speed as it passes through the lowest point of the swing? (4) 9.ENGINEERING PHYSICS CHEM 1A PHYSCAt 2018 -9- QUESTION 3: HYDROSTATICS [20 marks] Start on a new page 3.1 3.2 33 An antifreeze solution is made by mixing ethylene glycol with water. Suppose the relative density of such a solution is 1.0730, Assuming that the total volume of the solution is the sum of its parts, determine the volume percentage of ethylene glycol in the solution. Density of ethylene glycol = 1116 kg:m™* Density of water = 1.00 x 10° kg:m® (6) In the process of changing a fiat tyre, a motorist uses a hydraulic jack. She begins by applying a force of 45 N to the input piston, which has a radius ry As a result, the output ram, which has a radius rz, applies a force to the car. The ratio r2/r, has a value of 8.3. Ignore the height difference between the input piston and output ram and determine the force that the output ram applies to the car. (6) A helium-filed balloon is tied to a 2.00 m-long, 0.0500 kg uniform string. The balloon is spherical with a radius of 0.400 m. When released, the balloon lifts a length h of the string and then remains in equilibrium, as shown in the diagram below. The envelope of the balloon has a mass of 0.250 kg. Determine the value of h (in m), (8) Density of air = 1.20 kg:m™ and Density of helium = 0.166 kgm? 101,ENGINEERING PHYSICS CHEM 1A PHYSCAt 2018 =10- QUESTION 4: THERMAL PHYSICS [20 marks] Start on a new page 44 42 43 Suppose that the steel petrol tank in your car is completely filled when the temperature is 17 °C, How many gallons will spill out of the twenty-gallon tank when the temperature rises to 35 °C? (6) Coefficient of volume expansion of petrol = 950 x 10° (°c) Coefficient of volume expansion of steel = 36 x 10° (°c)" A hot piece of steel of mass 100.0 g is immersed in 500.0 g of water at 15 °C contained in a copper calorimeter of mass 200.0 g. The final steady temperature is observed to be 22.5°C. Calculate the initial temperature of the steel, assuming that no heat is lost to the surroundings. (8) Specific heat capacity of steel = 452 J:kg’- °C" Specific heat capacity of copper = 387 J:-kg™: °C Specific heat capacity of water = 4186 J-kg": °C* An air bubble of volume 33 om® at the bottom of a fresh-water lake 45 m deep, rises to the surface of the lake. Calculate the volume of the bubble at the surface of the lake, if the atmospheric pressure is standard and the water's temperature is uniform. (6) Density of water = 1.00 x 10° kg:m® Atmospheric pressure at sea-level 1.01 x 105 Pa QUESTION 5: GEOMETRICAL OPTICS [10 marks] Start on a new page 54 5.2 The image produced by a concave mirror is located 26 cm in front of the mirror. The focal length of the mirror is 12 cm. How far in front of the mirror is the object located? (4) ‘A beam of light is traveling in air and strikes a material, The angles of incidence and refraction are 63.0° and 47.0°, respectively. Obtain the speed of light in the material. (6) Refractive index of air = 1.000 Speed of light in air = 3.00 x 10° ms* END 1,ENGINEERING PHYSICS CHEM 1A PHYSCA\ 2018 atte USEFUL INFORMATION MECHANICS & ELASTICITY g (earth) = 9.80 m-s Ey = 3m? x= vet+Sat? E, = mgh vv, tat pam v? = v2 + 2ax Pat=Fy X=i(vy+v)e W = Fxcoso W=AE, fi name an mam or Baa A (circle) = nr* Fe= Ap HYDROSTATICS m = = Fa = Vg ery Paps = Patm + Pgh Patm = 1.01 x 10° Pa 4 V (sphere) = 5m? HEAT & GAS LAWS aL AT Q= meat AV = BY,AT GEOMETRICAL OPTICS ny sindy = npsinB n=c/v 121.