Challenges and responsibilities in architecture

Point of view, work and experience

Surya Kakani
mail@kakani.in
 VADI SCHOOL
RAJKOT
KANSAGRA VADI SCHOOL PLAN

Post the 2000 earthquake, huge quantities of rubble from broken buildings was thrown outside the city. This along
with industrial wastes like fly ash (from a GEB thermal plant), gypsum (waste from the sanitary ware industry at Than)
and lime (waste from Tata Chemicals Ltd., Mithapur) was used as the primary building block.
The trusses for the roof are
made from steel pipes brought
from the ship
p breaking
g works
at Alang and the roofing itself
incorporates the renewable
matting of date palm leaves
on the bamboo framework
over which is laid thatch as
final layer.
KEY FEATURES

80m x 50m 3 Storey Factory

10.2m Spans – Industrial

Load bearing Exposed Brick Box

Flyash/EPS Hollow Block Flat Slabs

Exposed Concrete Tapering Columns

Earthquake Resistant

Natural Cooling

No Lintels

Cost Rs. 550/square foot

Steel Saving - 300 Tons

MADHU INDUSTRIES
FACTORY BUILDING
 FLY ASH AS A COMPONENT OF LOAD BEARING BRICKS

FILLER SLAB - FLY ASH CONCRETE HOLLOW BLOCKS WITH THERMO COAL WASTE FOR LIGHTNESS PRODUCED AT SITE

FLYASH WITH RICE HUSK AS TERRACE INSULATION

Rice husk as a low Rice husk ash with fly ash acts Rice husk ash with fly ash to Broken white tiles to reflect light
weight high volume as good insulator create slope for rain water and allow smooth flow of water

Out of the total cost of construction, building materials contribute to about 70 percent costs in developing countries like India. Therefore, the need of the hour is
replacement of costly and scarce conventional building materials by innovative, cost effective and environment friendly alternate building materials. The new material
should be environment friendly and preferably utilize industrial/agro wastes because as a result of rapid industrialization, the generation of wastes has increased several
fold during the last few years, which needs to be utilized/disposed safely on priority.
Hollow blocks used in the large span slab reducing the dead load of the slab and in turn the percentage of steel used in the structure
Thee Building
u d g sasaves
es co
concrete
c ete aandd stee
steel required
equ ed for
o pe
peripheral
p e a co
columns
u s by us
usingg load
oad bea
bearingg walls
a s aall aalong
o g tthee pe
periphery
p e y oof tthee
structure.
The structure uses flat hollow block slab which effectively reduces the amount of concrete used.
The use of hollow blocks in the slab reduces its dead weight and in turn saves on the steel used in the slab.
The slab Minimizes the stirrups used to tie the horizontal reinforcement, further saving time and energy.
DUCT

OLD WALLS TO BE KEPT

OLD WALLS TO BE DEMOLISH RESIDENCE 394
NEW WALLS TO BE CONSTRUCTED
AHMEDABAD
Manual spray tank used for curing reducing water Banana plantation growing over
wastage during construction. grey water percolation pit
METHI(fenugreek) / GUGAL (commiphora)

Boil methi and gugal in desired proportions mixing in about 2 lit of

water, boil and dissolve to obtain a resinous solution. Mix this solution
in 20 lit.

SOLUTION OF METHI AND GUGAL.

Summer use: 20 liters water + 200 ggms METHI GUUGAL
Methi + 100 gms gugal.
Winter use : 20 liters water + 200 gms
Methi + 200 gms gugal.

MIX FOR MAKING LIME MORTATR

Li
Lime -1,
1 SSurkhi-1.5,
khi 1 5 SSand-1.5
d15

FOR ONE GRINDER CYCLE

16 tagaras( 4lime,6surkhi, 6 sand) + 1 litre methi
Solution+500 ml molasses and add water as per
Desired consistency
METHI & GUGAL MIX MOLASSES

LIME RIVER SEIVED WATER BRICK BATS GRINDER( CHAKKI) LIME : SURKHI: SAND
SAND FOR SURKHI 1 GANI VOLUME 1:1:1
LIME MORTAR PREPARATION
1 2 3 4

5 6 7
1. CONSTRUCTION WASTE
2. THERMOCOL WASTE
3. ( )
LIME: SAND(1:2)
4. MOLASSES
5. PREPRATION OF RUBBLE
6. GRINDING OF RUBBLE
7. THERMOCOL
8. WASTE
9. FINAL MIX
8 9 10 10
10. FINAL MIX

FINAL LAYER ON RAIN WATER TERRACE FOR INSULATION

 1) JIKKI PLASTER
2) GRINDING JIKKI
3) DOBARA
4) APPLICATION
5) NICOLAS
6) MAKING A SMOOTH
SURFACE

COLOR EXPERIMENTS IN LIME WITH NATURAL HERBS

PROCESS OF USING LIME WITH MARBLE POWDER WASTE FOR BETTER INSULATION AND
WASHABLE GLOSS SURFACE FINISH FOR WALLS – IN LIEU OF PAINTS
COLOR FINISHES
 KAKANI ASSOCIATES OFFICE
AHMEDABAD

PROCESS OF MAKING WATER CURED RED BRICKS OUT OF BRICK WASTE AND LIME
 PROCESS OF MAKING LIME MORTAR USING POWDER OF
WASTE CERAMIC TILES, LIME AND SAND

It is possible to make Lime mortar using the three wastes below

below.
Powdered ceramic waste Fly ash Red brick powder / Surkhi
The point that one wishes to drive home through this presentation is that
architecture that Recycles, Reuses and Reconfigures begins to provide an
important platform for innovation in the production of new possibilities in
the construction industry.

The challenge is how do we mainstream these possibilities !!