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I MATHEMATICAL DYNAMIC ECONOMICS - MIDTERM EXAM- SPRING 2018
Dr. Cenk Gok�e ADAS

1/ 27.03.2018

QUESTIONS

1. An amortization is a method for repaying a loan by a series of equal payments, such as when a
person buys a car or house. Eac� payment goes partially toward payment of interest and partially
toward reducing the outstanding principal. If a person borrows S dollars to buy a house, and if Pn
denotes the outstanding principal after the nth payment of d dollars, then Pn satisfies the
difference equation
Pn +1 = (l+I)Pn - d P0 =S where I is the interest per payment period.

a) Find Pn ,
b) Use the solution found in part (a) to find the payment d per period that must be
made so as to pay back the dept in exactly N periods.
'
c) Suppose you take out a $100.000 mortgage on a house from a bank that charges
monthly interest of 1%. If the loan is to be repaid in 360 monthly payments (30
years) of equal amounts, what will be the amount of each payment?

2. Find time path (general solution) of ll and U, given:

,1-�
,., ' 1 1
P., = - -4U,+II, IIl+l -II, = -(P, -II,)· ul+\ -U, =-(m-Pi+1)
4 4
-\J,_-r
7\"The following aggregate relations are observed for a small macro-economy,
-\ �4

· U, 7_;0
Yt = Gt+Ct+A Ct = cYt-1 Gt= 9Yt-1+aUt-1 U= u - bYt-1
Where Yt is aggregate supply, Ct �onsumpti5m expenditure, Gt is government expenditure Ut
_
unemployment, all at time t. A is other expenditures which are assumed to be constant. The
parameters c, g, a, and u are all positive and c+g<l. Write down the above system as two
simultaneous first order difference equations in Ut and Yt alone.

� To Illustrate the use of first-order difference equations in economic analysis, drive and explain the
� Cobweb Model.
(}D \g-
CV!- - u
,__
f\A p

Time allowed: 60 minutes.

I
MATHEMATICAL DYNAMIC ECONOMICS- MAKEUP EXAM- SPRING 2018
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Cenk Gok<;e ADA$
09/06/2018

QUESTIONS

---
1. An attack of the spruce budworm beetle is killing trees in the eastern United States. Every
year the increase in the number of acres destroyed is three times the increase during the
previous year. Assume, 10. acre� destroyed last year and 12.000 acres are
destroyed this year. V
"r.. L 'i'- (
a. How many acres will be destroyed after "n" years?
b. If trees are destroyed at this same rate, how long will it be until 100.000 acres are
being destroyed each year?

2. In the "Ask Marilyn" column, a popular syndicated column run in Parade magazine, the

---�=- �
following question was asked: You currently make $10.000 per year. You can have a
cr:m::::::::c

£t!m��ea;]>r a $300 raise at the end of eacn six mom!Ts:-Which

�

��:. a1Jb
option do you choose? Letting
An= amount earned during year n if a $1000 annual raise is given
Bn= amount earned during year n if a $300 biannual raise is given
find and solve the initial-value problems for An and B 0 . How much will you earn in the
twentieth year using each strategy?

3. Suppose the growth of a given type of bacteria is such that the increase in any given week
is "r'' times the increase on the previous week. If the number last week is "yo" and the
number this week is "y 1", how many bacteria will be present on week "n"?

4. In the case of a third-order difference equation Yt+3+ a1 Yt+2 + a2 Yt+1 +�Yt = c

what are the exact forms of the determinants required by the Schur theorem?

Time allowed: 60 minutes.

1
 1

MATHEMATICAL DYNAMIC ECONOMICS- FINAL EXAM- SPRING 2018

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Cenk Gokc;e ADA$
22/05/2018

QUESTIONS

1. Write out the general solution of the following linear system of equations:

x=x+y-z
y = 2x+3y-4z
i=4x+ y-4z

2. Market adjustments and rational expectations: Consider an isolated market with an output lag.
Current demand for consumption ct depends on the current price Pt I while current
production�, due to the output lag, depends on the expected price pf prevailing during the
current period. Assume that the commodity is non-perishable, so that inventories 11 of it can
exist, and are in fact held for speculative purposes, i.e. to profit from expected changes in prices.
For the sake of simplicity, storage and other costs are assumed to be negligible. Hence we have
the following model due to Muth, J.F. (1961):

Ct = -f3Pt
Yi =rPi +s,
I, = a ( P:+1 - P,)
Ct +I, = 'Yi +I,_1
a, p, r are positive constants and &1 represents the effect of exogenous factors (such as the
c )
weather) on supply. The fourth equation is the market clearing condition: in any period the total
demand is the sum of the demand for consumption and the total inventory demand, and the total
supply is the sum of the current roduction and the stock of inventories carried over the previous
period. Assume that agents form their price expectations accor mg to rational expectations
ypothesis. Only derive the second-order di erence equation or commen on
behaviour of the price movement. Stable or unstable, Explain.

3. Find a particular solution of the following differential equation,

y" - 3y' + 4y = xe2x

4. It is estimated that the population of haddock in the North Atlantic will increase each year by 2%
per year when a total ban on fishing is imposed. Under new guidelines, fisherman can collectively
harvest 1000 tons of haddock per year. Suppose the current tonnage of haddock in the North
Atlantic is 100.000 tons. r-::. % 1.. ol. � \o,o ,o \,\-0 -=- \ 00, 0 cm
 2

a. Determine the future tonnage of haddock in the North Atlantic. (Measure haddock in
thousands of tons)

b. Find the tonnage in the future under these fishing guidelines.

c. What would happen if fishing regulations allowed for 5000 tons of haddock to be caught
each year?

5. The U.S. government has damped roughly 100.000 barrels of radioactive waste into the Atlantic
and Pacific oceans. The waste is mixed with concrete and encased in steel drums. The drums will
eventually rust, and seawater will gradually leach the radioactive material from the concrete and
diffuse it throughout the ocean. It is assumed that the leached radioactive material will be so
diluted that no environmental damage will result. However, scientists have discovered that one of
the pollutants, americium 241, is sticking to the ocean floor near the drums. Given that americium
241 has a half-'!fe of 258 years, how long will it take for the americium 241 to be reduced to 5% of
its present amount?

Time allowed: 90 minutes.

2
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Fulya, 19 May1s Mahallesi Ya�ardogu Sokak·No: 9/8 $i�li - ISTANBUL/ TURKEY
Tel: +90(212) 291 52 50 Pbx • Fax: +90(212) 291 67 46
www.setelko.com
 MATHEMATICAL DYNAMiC ECONOMICS . .- .MIDT, . EXAM -SPRING 2014
. ER."1\:1
Assist. Prof. Dr. Cenk Gokye ADAS ·�:·• ':
I

QUESTIONS

1. A family borrows K amount of loan as a home mortgage. Suppose there is a fixed interest
rate per period. Suppose too that there are equal repayments of "d" each period, until the
mortgage is paid off after "n" periods. The outstanding balance or prir:icipal Pr on the loan
in period t satisfies the difference equation
Pt+I = ( 1 + r) p, - d where r is the interest rate per period. Po = K

a. Find p,.

b. Find the payment d.per period that must be made so as to pay back the debt in exactly
�n-n-pe�!gds.
c. Suppose that the family takes out a 100.000$ home mortgage fro,n a bank that
charges monthly interest rate or' I%. If the loan is to be paid in 360 monthly payments
(30 years) of equal amounts, what wili be the amount of each payment?

2. Consider the following S�uelson Multiplier - Accelerator Interaction Model. _C,, I, and
r;, are co11sumption. expenditures, investme!}t
.
expenditures, government expenditures and
national income, respectively.

Y, = C, + I, + G0
cl cY,_I
=

1, = r ( cl - c,_1)
Derive the second-order difference equation for Y,.
Assume that, c = 0. 7 and r = l and government expenditures are 100 units which .
are exogenously given. What is the intertemporal equilibrium incpm�? Is the
system stable or not? (i.e. determine if the time p�th for Y, is convergenfor not)
''-,J.

3. ,Write out the general solution of the followin� linear system of equations:

x-�x+y-z
y � 2x+3y-4z
.i = 4x+ y-4z

4. Find the solution of the following difference equation;

Yt+1 + (1/ 4)Yt= S (Yo = 2)

Time alJo,Yed :�
- -mi.mites.
•.

}
@ '/+, =Ct-1- T +... -1- 60
t.; � - -
t . ..
Ct = c · Y-t:.-1
\ ; i· : . ,1 1

It_='( ( Ct-Cl.-1)

,Ci) 'it:._ = c. 'il-1-t 'I (Ct-Ct.-1} +Go

Y t = C. 'f +--1 -t t' ( C-'ii.-1 - C, 'l -l -2.) + G o

Yt:. = C. 'lt-1-\ r. c. '-ft.�1 - {c. 'I l:,-2 +0 o

'1c - c( �-\-�) 'll-1 -t '(c 1../ l-2 = G�. ·

'( {,-1: 2 - _c ( A� <f) 'I l""l' i-+ '( c 'I t. =- 0 0 -;>, lc.i 'it L · 6teledi � .

G?) c�@ 0 .i_ 0o= 1.oo

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for porftculor: "ft.-t2 = 'l-t:.--t't ='It=�

k- 114 k-t Or -=t k: = { 0 0

k( i-_ {14.-+0(t) = { oo
k= {oo _ '3'3'3>·, �
0(2:J

for complero0'l�: 'It= A. bt ·H ·1

'I t-t { -=-A- b 'ft.:'c2 = A-k -\-+2...
i

A. lo-t- ( to 2 - {, 4 b -t o t"-=t ) =- O.

b2 - {14 b + O(t ==-0

o,-=t == -o, g,4 <..O

2
6 = (1,u.) - J.\. t

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.....
.,
Q-=\J h4v '2. cos&:__h...
R� t018'4
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'it = R_
-t
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� t:. =- (o, g 4) t: ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ) + 3 3 3, 3

...
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MAT�MATICAL DYNAMIC ECONOMICS- FINAL EXAM-SPRING 2012

Assist. Prof. Dr. Cenk Gok�e ADA� 3 l iOS.2012

·QUESTIONS

Qsolve the second orderdiffer�equation _?!J.-s:,:, + �; =f+� (15 point,

f

.
4-t- . '. .
2. Solve the following syst�m fo.r __Y, . and Y, ;·{where- ·.r, and Y, ate ·cuirent -�nd estimated �dtictiohs at
. . . ..
time t, respectively. (20 points)
- ..
-;,-. .,. '• .

O<s<l
O<g�l
..
··• v>O
1

3. Consider the foll�wing L.A: .Metzler;s inventory cycle model. C, , J,;, S, and C,C iM corisurriptlbn
expenditures; national income, desired inventory stock and expected sales, respectively: _S'm• )�c,..>..) d.1. l.l,j;q
...
d,,,if e.reAc.'
(�I = -�Y,
,.,-··-'jj = /JC e O<c<l
l _ii
X-e -::: -._.\-'::, _\.
., ., t ,
ce _ G--;
0<P<1
.,) 2-� kJ.
- r �\ \
1
). -�

_a. · � . - v__�,
\

."\.. = Ct ,r;J\ _P._(V\ • •

yt

erive the seco d � er

--:� . ·nJlld
J - ·
solve
,
it. ( 5
1.-t ,· \ ·.
\

points)
\ '.\.
--=- ,�
-\- "l
�
,.E � �,:� �� � ���� �
<@Assume that�tne·marginal propensity to· consun1e is, ·c = 0.7 and·the ptoportiop of the
expected sales to desired inventory stock is /J = 0.8. Comment on the stability of the' systertt
(10 points)

4. A person places S000TL in a savings account which pays 8,5% interest per anrium for the first
four years, and 9,25% per annum for the last three yeai_:s, compounded continuously. Find the am�.s•
\
<-�>,;t
', ..
fi'
._g.;
✓ in the account after seven years. (10 points). . i'_� .. a.:-1--<'\:o A • �
v' <
,v---
5. Determine the constant "c" so tha.t the following equatiori is exact. Then solve it. {lS points)

✓ \
 X- x-� +&==O
I

I
� -2x-3_y +lt1:= 0
� -LP<-Ll� +lt1: =0
I

1 0 0 0-
0 -
�
O -i j
O o 1 .. :l Q
® So9 -1-orCtf s1f1rQ esit. por-tiwlor "t>.oLutior, �ot -+-#o ('(Q
je'l
for cornplementon..{
�
6ou....d::ion;
-

J U.. -t M_ \/ =
'CY

9 x ( t) = A. e d:. � l i) =- 'B. e. r +· 3: ( t) � C . e r-c.

t
x ( t:.) =- A.r.e r-l- i:J '(-1::) = B. r. e ri:: 2 (t) =- c,.,. e r
1

j]
1

J [ j] r.e
rt
+ M [ e
rt
=0

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r-1 - -1 1
-2 r-'?.,
y =o
-1..j -1 rt4

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�--------.
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.2r-2 =·O

(r-1) [ r"--+r-t2+b] = o

(r-1) [r .,_+r-6] = o
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'T 1:-1-l -=- V C '4- +1 -Yt )
\...
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.

'¾H / Y-t+�
5. .:= ( � +1J
'q )y

'=ct C" [( ,,_;) J

J
r"
'ft+�
ft - Y+

. 'i-tH
.
-==- _j_
s
'it+ "s Y-t _ V Y-t J
 4

'I

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f
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II ·.

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u �-«a.1.�) •
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,

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. .... -\-2- -
..
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C,IY\p,e.M0t�r� (l)ro\.u,+t O-A � .,__•-�.

.
6 2- 5 6 + f, :.=O
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# ff\ f\TH E'f(\ A-r I c.A-L. b'iNAf(\IC ECONOMICS

r S. -d

r S. = . -d ::::) iLm! s= A . e. r-t -+ J

r
·jor/'1\2- �ll\6 =-> sen =. /�, e,. r� + d
I"
S.ob,::,r,�_

' '
,
' ( s (oj -d i
'
r-+-
cl
-7 (
)
e,
l- r

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d-- c-;(o) d-rS[,u} r

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e..
jp

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n
· !i :1
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5
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dt 1 ;· " J+ J·
� Jn- 2 � -J� � _} U-h) J1l
J+
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J + d+
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'.:'I " ,,.,�
,i,

\::i c..
, 1 • '

. '

-n- -;.A :::) . d'R ,: 0 _d]L:1 = 0

c.H J'\-

0 +- o. 0 + ] � k. ll .- A =· J �. k.('(\
A -.:::. rn
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6- D pI
,
'2 •pll
+ .:;,

J... 0-J=G-s.

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\,___,_,'2_=-_h_+_v--1; I I h

\J :::. '\ L .. .s / 1. - l -\ :i 2
2

Ip+� e_h 1 - lAsCo,'-ll- + As S;nv+JI

j.r- =- jpt-jc. � . e +i_2. ( As Cos 312 + t A� -�,:f\ ?,i2 + )-t 2 V

pCO) = 4 � �
0
{-A�-c�-◊� o· + A b s,(\ 0 r-t- 2 =- �

s
.,
Ct::: Ae:.s Co-:. 2..� --l: A� S,'"' '.2.-\ -t 1 --::'.) c_-i-= <?) Cos. 2J- - ·so• 11 Sr" 2-1- -t-

c+
(9

b_ 'H= C+-t 1..++ Gt C+. =-N'\'l+

.
Gt=- G
r-
' --:;, .
+'t G
- � 'f + LI-rt\ ) -o 'I +-1 -,:_ D, "-I +- -2 =- Cl+�) ¼. � G- �
c(. '{ +: 'I + -t � (. 'I +-1 - 'l 4--1. ) + (. 1-t �)
--
d.a

.
l'Y'\
- .. - -•-.- - . -- . - .

p, s +- . (
_....__ 'I+,,. � (1-{-�) --\ C

U-m). [ts u��) +- ➔ CJ-Cl [Bui�f-,l -4 CJ +a.[ Is .u��t-l. -tC J :: (1 + 5/ + G

(l-r<1). fs(._1_..,)
+-
-� �U -t �) + -l -t �� Cl-r.5) + -2.-+ C.(1-M-a-to.) = ll-t�)
t-
-t G,
1
D1,/1d� (l-t5f- )
.- 2-t
( I -M) . B ( ! -1· 'J)\ 2. - � '.S (.t "t 3) -t O f.s -le C. C \ - M
}
. ( I + :)) =-
2 -
C I -t .J) . + G (_ I
I
·t.:) 2-+

cc1--,,,) = G / c� G _)
ll-mJ
?..
l3 = ( l+5J
·Ul-r") Ll+�l-L\ u��r+o J

c.s. -.�
'{ + =- A I , b, + + t!\1, b2_ i- -+ 'f f> �

jf ::z. • C..A -t B X.) e. 2.X r ?.. ,- 3 r + �,-,=-0 : . . . '•.

� j' = 2. e. 2.'>( (A;;e.K·) -t B. � 2.Y. ). �f ==- e 2.'J( l 1A-+.2� x -+ &) .

11
. .
2. lL,A+L�X-t L&)
� j 11 :2. e.. 2 )(, C2.A+2..�x +B.) -1= 2.2 e.. 2 x -� 'j : e. x.

1x
-'.sj I +Lj::. x .e.
"

:=) j
� 2 x [GA-tt.\sx+ �B-"A-� BX- 3B + YA-t w8. l(J => e. i�·(_iA;;--�·-t· �isx] � x.e �-�

8�1.12.. 2.A-t.l/2. =-0 A= -11'-I

'
..
•
 xL+>::,. x. x'(+J:0
jl+)= j'C.t) :.D
- 3
\' (
1 1(.i"l+l-!
(IO.] IX
o I L
u,' (.-f}.J! .1.
.I
i__•.. -"- ...-----·

:=:> _,
rn '-J _....,_
;.J
ff\ . ('{"\ .
L-----J
\J

I.

:<.pl+):1.2 v
'.jr L+) =- lt ✓-

-x..l4-'>=
r-r,.e
rt
X LfJ :: M , 1, e,. ' -\­
I
Tl u ..L.
�- I""•
j ! .. li
'-' -I">
d
--,
" _)
4(.t)=-A,e.
'"+
'fC.+) =- ('\. \, e.
.)

-1.2 I
=-0
r+I:,

11
e..
1- l-1

1
-12

::::)
-l..JM1-\Ln4::-.0 - "?. "°''l. - 1.1. "'2.. :::...0
f'f\ I -:: - '3, /"IA (1'\')..:::. -LA'l. � ()�=A, n-i. = A2.

x.L+) =rn ,\··Ei.._:�_n. -tmi .e..-2.-t -t \'l. --'.;) �CO :::c -iA, -� ..: ].r_G 'f,1 e.-·2i +l 'l

!/--\-) = f'.\, e-H --t r\2, e.-H -+ u i. :jl+� = A1·· e. -:it·-+ A) ·e_-i4-° -�-G-
,< lo) � 11 j ( D) == i... ⇒ I A , =- J. \ � ·i. � - 1. \

7<. l +) = - :?. e. -1 + * L. e. -.H· + \ 2

-S-+ --2.-l- I.
jLT
/1
) = e_ -- e.._ --tU,
 [r+3 -4 l
j
0 '.2.
r +Lr-S-:-0
-

-r 2 -�J l '"}o
-2 ,-t j_ I\
5 -(

;t fj=- - s -1.
-2-m 1 - �r\l ::0
� "1 :::c -A, rn 1 =- 2A,
-Lt f\t ,....,,=-1"1

( _: -2'] [
it r.2, :: .i Lo.1-L"1.::..0
:�]=o 04 = Ai.
l"(\l..=-"i.

+. -�� +
-�
-S-l
A 'l; e. -2
I

�l+) =- N"\ \ •
,e_
. + N\'l.. e.. ,- 2. 2At e.. +
� - l. _.,+ ....
� -A, A).. e - 1.
-S'-
j (f}: (\ \ e.. -t'. "-l- e, e., +

X [ O )=.. t� � L :: 2 At + A 1 .-1 � b ;=. 2.A 1 + A 2..

� lo) =- J. => J. = -A 1 -t A 1. - 2. =) s = -A t + fh.

r--
xL+)= 2e.-_ +Le -2
jlt) -::: - e_s+ -t Lt e..-l- -1
lo_ x - 1..i x + Li x : + L -t· 'l e,1:, x f ::::. A t 2 + g + -+ c x. F =- 2 P. + -+ is

2 A - L. C 2 A+ + 2) + L ( A-\- 'l. + g + c J = + t 2.-+ 2

r= t )
-�u
Li A+ l - (2A-G!s)+ + 2-A -Ld3. .,.�c. =.-l- 2 -t2 WA= l

4 8, - '&A �O ⇒
I \l; = Jc= + l

at.. dS =o,os s
Jt
,,,-- D, 0 5 + � r
-:;) ':::> (T1) =· C...L e._ L,2. ::. e �--'

� 5 C.+) ::: 20.oco e_ Ci · D 5 �-

Q) S(s)= 20.000 e.. 0 ' i

':, = 232'.sbS ,b�S 'TL
o
1) /.-10. OOD =: 2D.OD.D e. 0,DS-t .:€J> ,-, D, D s+
-!_ .:::. e..

42._ F,"'d -\k �c,\iat,M o.f x+n.- S)(-4 1 + bX4-=2+-1 (xo=� ()(.1:::G)_
;:<.l+J=-Ab t

� A' b +-+
1
- s A b +-t I + 6 A b t -= 0 -;:::.) A- b-� (_ };, 2. - s I:., .,.· 6) � 0 61 ::.. 2. � 2. =- :s
x G-') = Pt 1 , 2 -� -t- A 2. 3- +

� Af.::: A.\-+b
⇒ A l +ti) + 'o - s [ A l ++I) -t tJ + l t · F\ +--t bl =· 2 + - 3
-·

� Pi +:i �-{-\ -t b - S J�'t - ,,SA + S h + b fa· 1 + 6 b "" 2 t- - s

,

2 f-\t - �A+ 12- 6 �- 2+ - 3i 2A::c1 [8:T] ��2_] A++ & ➔ +

' .

X: f ==-

x + ::: A 1 . 2 + -+ A1., s + -+ t x (o) :: 2 =) A 1 -t A 2 -=- .2

I
L--� � A-1 �J A 2"' -J..
c.s. r. s XU) -.:.le=) 2.A-1; 1Ai--t l. =-G
 1.L� - ConS,.JQJ -\-k ,fol\o-i1 ""°�\ 1 S+ = S, \/ f--l I+= k. ( \j + - '/ ��) 'S +- = 1 +

?!Jc,i. It � 5 -1- k. ( 'It- 'It-,)

� = s "I H ⇒ 'k.- 'I +- _ · ( s + k) 'l +-, =- O

il
---
-.A. -f-
6 -l (lc..'b - ls+!.::.)) -:::-0 ;) Lb - C $ +k.) I
l. -f- �

£9 1Ji Ir b ri\Jm ih c..o� 1'r\Cfe_ � t-e..l �Nolf -\ttre.. ➔ �e. co,--.:, {CY\ +-
a:-\-
ro. +e. ot :slk... th.en.. Ti o. c..or-.+·;".JcS �u�I,� b-1-w.
Q...)(. -0/'\-\-e. SG•J\'.i CV\c\ C..)( - a/\-ft!.. 'i'r,vLli-'1'11./\t- 1.,.tkA \I\C.Ol'Nt JrowS
�J +he.. r-<:.+e of s: I \c..

( \5.oco .ooo I L..<?)00.00::::J .

(.o 1 -loo .oco)

bj
(IS .coo .oro , c; - cx:.o. o::o.)

- ..., .. . ·(/5.o::o oco, ·-1<...10.1:u:oo)

(0, -loo. Q:,Q)
··- .
(I S. Coo. o.t:0 ., -1 L. • ooo . Cc:O )

I ' ' .
 Pf'l-tl =- A .b. 4-+I

A.b.-t ( 6-l. -t) :;.Q

b)

� s(1+ ? Y'.-+.� [1- ll+rY']=-D

1 ( p·,t\ ·-
1-t, J
.!..

c.) 5 -=- loo ..ooO

f "- 0,01
f\ ·.:. 36.D
d-=- '7

of.. jf\tl - j(\ :: 0 1 D!..i J" -RD.COD '{,=.J m-,li,0r.

P. S �".J:-' - jr, - O, oL, 'jf\ .,,_ - g 0.00.0 =::i j ('\.J,.� - j0 Li-t D, ou) -:: -�o. '.XlO .:}(\ =-jA-+ 1 :. k_

'j r -:.. 2... .ooo.oco

c.s
-:::::::::=-
. .
b= LDLi =) jc.=A, ll,04)
(\
::::;> \/()::c '-lc.-1:'/f-

-:.> \/ f = A. ( I i O l{Y' -t 2,D0.0. ODO ==> 'IO =..l .Q::0_00'.)_. • l A-::c - 1. 000.D!:X)J

\ .
J8_ �ttl -t (1 }4,J ::H- =- 5

o( �· �--. :j+_� �+�\ ,-� _k- -

\f c = A. ( -.lLI J +

....::') -n-.e... _\-._,..-..,__ po.l'n n C.o,,vv.OG\t

j:..11�1 � l , j t\i�,llo+-w �d-

..,J.. p -1----t I =- p +- - D\s ( -'s -t b p � - 2-1 + 2- pt- ) =;) f-\-t- I + � I L1 p + = l· I 2

p, s.
=--
c. s
-;;::::::===- P +- =,A ,la. .\- p -1--t I = A I b ·H- I � Ab +--i- I + I 4 A b t- :: 0 b = -;- /, t�
I

'I C � A L _, lt ) + f p l +) =- A . l- I , L. ) + + �
t-
P+ =- [PLc)_ s] C-1,4J + 3
//

15 _ j- .2-_j _ J � 1, +
�
ol.. j r ct) = A+-t Q -=) 0 -2.� - A+-tfs ::b4-. A::;�b 13.= 1.2

A
� p'U) = � j pC-t )= -t>+--+ 12-
j f lllt) :::
6 � j ,_ .2 � -j = 0 =::) ,
2
- 'i.r - j_ ::-0 .. r;-,· 2_:: - b =+-� b2._:t.il), ,
1

2o

9 •, 1.2. =- 2-+ f§ = \+G

2.
 JD

'.2 + [Lt\3-bB-+215]�2 +
---------------
1
� c-1--+i) .2. -1-� - s (rs. u-+l). 2 l.-;!) + 2. c 1s .. J.. '2 �-) 2+
� :c

) E = I I2 'i oI = J_ .+. 2 +
2.

.,>, =. \·/ �= A 'bI -i-

C.

\I l··H - {-4 I bH·I A b t-+1. - 's A b ++' + 2- A b 4 ::..D

'�,
,Hl -Ab·
-- ' H'l.
\( c = A 1 • 2 -l- -+ A 2. . i + .
\./ + -=- A- 1 2 + -t- A 2 t-+ i +. 2--1-//
2..! - f-\"..,_cl\Jn.. �o.5. T'J:1.� er.\�a..l t� c.1:1\IQ._g� .()(\d 1-.a.s. de.,c;.,;d.e_J ·b �1_;,-½,;,_
,;,L.. o) -s"-'d = ( l+r) s(\-+ d

� - I I oo 2... 1::. =- 2.. S k., = -=__,2o:a..S__

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