Berkala Ilmiah Pendidikan Fisika Vol 6 no.

2, Juni 2018

impurities as a natural mineral, for the absorption factor and ybi is the
instance, quartz, feldspar, rutile, anatase, background contribution.
pyrite, and siderite (Brigatti, Galan, & The Rietveld refinement is based on
Theng, 2006). the difference minimalization between
the observed and the calculated XRD
Rielveld Refinement
patterns, as given in Eq. 2.
The refinement was evaluated by
s =  wi ( yi − yci )
2
(2)
changing the related diffraction K

parameters following Eq. 1:

yci = s  LK FK  ( 2i − 2 K ) PK A + ybi (1) where yi is the measured intensity at data
2

K
point i-th , yci is calculated the value, and
where i is the index for a point being
wi the weighting factor for point i. The
calculated, s is a scale factor, K denotes
refinable parameters are depicted in
the Miller index h, k, l for a Bragg peak,
Table 1, i.e. Bragg angle, peak intensity,
LK contains Lorentz polarization and
peak width and peak shape (Pratapa &
folding factors, FK is the structural O’Connor, 2009) in which are available
factor for Bragg reflection to K, ϕ is the in Rietica, based on least squares
peak shape function, 2i and 2K are the approach. The accepted goodness of fit
angles of the detector corresponding to (GoF) must be less than 4%.
point i and the peak of Bragg K, PK is
the preferred orientation function, A is
Table 1 Relation diffraction peak behavior with intensity diffraction model
parameters
Character Crystal parameter • Parameter of instrument
Position of peak • Lattice parameter • 2 error
• Asymmetry • Shift of specimen
Height of peak • Scala factor -
• Asymmetry
• thermal parameter
• Preferred-orientation
• Extinction
Width and shape of • U, V, W, HL -
peak • Asymmetry

MATERIALS AND METHODS covered in Dahor Formation. Laboratory

Kaolin samples are collected from grade NaOH and H2O2 reagent were
Tatakan (TT), Cintapuri (CT) and obtained from Aldrich. Samples are
Sungai Tabuk (ST) sub-district which prepared by syphoning method,

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