Post task - Final activity

Individual work format

Jefferson Fajardo
Group 61
1117527051

UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL ABIERTA Y A DISTANCIA UNAD

Escuela de Ciencias Básicas, Tecnología e Ingeniería
Teoría Electromagnética y Ondas
2020 16-04
 Exercises development

Activity
Application exercises:
For the development of the following exercises, note that 𝐺𝐺 corresponds to the
group number and 𝐶𝐶𝐶 to the last 3 digits of the identification number.
1. An electromagnetic wave of 𝑓 = 51 𝑀𝐻𝑧 is transmitted from the bottom of a ship
to a receiver located at 𝑝 = 1 𝐾𝑚 depth. The wave is emitted with an advance
angle of 𝑎 = (5 + 61) °. Determine the time it takes for the wave to reach the
receiver.

Figure 1: wave propagation in open media.

a. Calculate the tangent of losses 𝑇𝑎𝑛(𝛿) = 𝜎/𝜔𝜀.

Conductivity 𝛔 and electrical permittivity 𝛆𝐫 of some media.

Media 𝛔 [𝐒⁄𝐦] 𝛆𝐫 [ ]

Sea water 𝟒 𝟖𝟎

𝜎 𝜎 4 𝑆/𝑚
𝑇𝑎𝑛(𝛿) = = = = 17.622
𝜔𝜀 2𝜋𝑓εrε𝑜 2𝜋 ∗ 51𝑥106 𝐻𝑧 ∗ 80 ∗ 8.8542x10−12 𝐶 2 /N𝑚2
 Image 1.Values of exercise 1 and values of frequency and loss tangent

b. Classify the behavior of the medium.

c. Calculate the propagation parameters of the wave 𝛾, and 𝛽.

___________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

𝜸 = √𝒋(𝝈 + 𝒋𝝎𝜺) = √𝒋 𝟐𝝅 ∗ 51𝒙𝟏𝟎𝟔𝑯𝒛 ∗ 𝟏, 𝟐𝟓𝟔𝟔𝒙𝟏𝟎−𝟔(𝟒 + 𝒋 𝟐𝝅 ∗ 51𝒙𝟏𝟎𝟔 𝑯𝒛 ∗ 𝟖𝟎 ∗ 𝟖. 𝟖𝟓𝒙𝟏𝟎−𝟏𝟐 )

𝜸 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎283784 + 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎283784 𝒋

Image 2.Propagation parameter values

d. Calculate the propagation speed of the 𝑉𝑝 wave. 𝑉𝑝 = 𝜔/𝛽
𝜔
𝑉𝑝 = = 11,295
𝛽

Image 3.Vp value

e. Calculate the distance 𝑑 between the ship and the receiver. 𝑑 = 𝑃/𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑎).

𝑃
𝑑= = 2458,5933 𝑚
cos (𝑎)
Image 4. Distance value

f. Based on 𝑉𝑝 and 𝑑 determine the time 𝑡 of the route. 𝑑 = 𝑡 ∗ 𝑉𝑝

Image 5. Time value

 Interpretation:
There is a loss tangent of approximately 17, against a time of a value close
to 217 which means that this is how long it takes for the wave to arrive
from the emitter to the receiver, and that the loss tangent indicates that
there is a value of four we can say that of percentage or of obstruction for
this wave to reach the receiver.

2. From an airplane, which is ℎ1 = 1250 𝑚 high, a communication signal 𝑓 = 51

𝑀𝐻𝑧 is emitted to a submarine that is ℎ2 = 800 𝑚 deep, the angle of incidence
of the signal on the sea surface is 𝑎 = (5 + 61)°. Determine the time it takes for
the signal to reach the submarine. Note that 𝐶𝑜 = 3𝑥108𝑚/𝑠.
For development, follow the following steps:
a. Calculate the distance between the plane and the point of incidence at sea
𝑑1 = ℎ1 /𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑎).
ℎ1 1250𝑚
𝑑1 = = 𝑑1 = = 1368,2953 𝑚
𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑎) 𝑠en(66)

Image 6. d1 value

b. Calculate the velocity of propagation of the wave 𝑉𝑝1 in the air (𝑉𝑝1 = 𝐶𝑜/𝑛),
where 𝑛 is the refractive index of air.
𝐶𝑜
𝑉𝑝1 = = 299913025,222
𝑛
 Image 7. Vp1 value

c. Using Snell's Law, calculate the angle of refraction of the wave in the sea.

𝑛1 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑏 𝑛1 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑎 1.00029 𝑠𝑒𝑛 66°

= ; 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑏 = ; 𝑏 = 𝑆𝑒𝑛−1 ( ) = 46.97°
𝑛2 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑎 𝑛2 1.25
Image 8. Value of b using snell's law

d. Calculate the distance between the point of incidence in the sea and the
submarine.
e. Calculate the propagation speed of the wave 𝑉𝑝2 at sea (take 𝑉𝑝from
exercise 1).
 Image 9. Vp2 and d2 value

f. Based on 𝑉𝑝1 and 𝑑1 determine the time 𝑡1 of the first path (𝑡1 = 𝑑1 /𝑉𝑝1 ).
𝑑1
𝑡1 =
𝑉𝑝1 = 0,000010 𝑠

Image 10. t sub 1 value

g. Based on 𝑉𝑝2 and 𝑑2 determine the time 𝑡2 of the second path (𝑡2 = 𝑑2 /𝑉𝑝2 ).

𝑑2
t2 =
𝑉𝑝2 = 2588,854𝑚
 Image 11. t2 value

h. Calculate the total time of the route 𝑡 = 𝑡1 + t2.

𝑡 = 𝑡1 + t 2 = 0.000009121 𝑠
 Image 12. Total time value

3. A lossless transmission line has a characteristic impedance of 𝑍0 = 75Ω, a

length of 𝐿 = 5𝑚 and is excited by a signal of 𝑓 = 500 𝑀𝐻𝑧. The line is
connected to an antenna with load impedance 𝑍𝐿 = (45 + 𝑗45)Ω. Taking into
account that 𝑉𝑝= 3𝑥107𝑚/𝑠, calculate:
 Image 13. Values of exercise 3

a. Wavelength 𝜆.

𝑉𝑝 3𝑥107𝑚/𝑠
𝜆= = = 0.06
𝑓 500𝑀𝐻𝑧

Image 16. Wavelength value

 b. Electrical length ℓ.

𝐿 5𝑚
ℓ = 𝜆 = 0,06 𝑚 = 0.06
Image 17. Electrical length value

Image 17. Electrical length value. (December 08, 2020) "Own elaboration".

c. Input impedance 𝑍𝑍𝑍 .

𝟐𝛑 𝟐 ∗ 𝟑. 𝟏𝟒
𝒁𝐋 + 𝐣 𝐙𝒐 𝐭𝐚𝐧 ( 𝐋) 𝟒𝟓 + 𝒋 𝟒𝟓Ω + 𝟒𝟓Ω 𝐭𝐚𝐧 ( ∗ 𝟓)
𝛌 𝟎. 𝟎𝟔
𝐙𝒊𝒏 = 𝒁𝒐 ∗ = 𝟕𝟓Ω ∗ = 𝟑𝟒, 𝟑𝟔𝟏 − 𝟐𝟒, 𝟏𝟐𝟒𝒋
𝟐𝛑 𝟐 ∗ 𝟑. 𝟏𝟒
𝒁𝒐 + 𝐣 𝐙𝑳 𝐭𝐚𝐧 ( 𝛌 𝐋) 𝟕𝟓Ω + 𝟒𝟓 + 𝐣 𝟒𝟓Ω 𝐭𝐚𝐧 ( 𝟎. 𝟎𝟔 ∗ 𝟓)

Image 18. Input impedance value

Reflection coefficient Γ (magnitude and phase).

 𝒛𝑳 − 𝒛𝟎 = 𝟑𝟓 − 𝒋 𝟕𝟓Ω − 𝟕𝟓Ω = −𝟎. 𝟎𝟗𝟓 + 𝟎. 𝟒𝟏𝟎𝒋
𝜞=
𝒛𝑳 + 𝒛𝟎 𝟑𝟓 − 𝒋 𝟕𝟓Ω + 𝟕𝟓Ω

Figure 19. Value of the reflection coefficient

VSWR.

𝑽𝑺𝑾𝑹 = 𝟏𝟏+−|𝜞||𝜞|= 𝟏𝟏 −
+ (𝟎, 𝟎𝟔𝟗 − 𝟎, 𝟔𝟑𝟒𝒋) = 𝟎, 𝟒𝟐 − 𝒋 = 𝟕𝟕𝟎
(𝟎, 𝟎𝟔𝟗 − 𝟎, 𝟔𝟑𝟒𝒋)

Image 20. VSWR value

f. Check the results c, d and e with the Smith 4.1 software.

Image 21. Exercise solution in the Smith chart software.

Image 22. Exercise solution in the Smith chart software.

 Image 23. Exercise solution in the Smith chart software.

Figure 3: Transmission line.

Interpretation:
Regarding the values of the input impedance, the reflection coefficient and
the value obtained in the VSWR, we can say that the first one will give us a
real and an imaginary value and based on these values we can find the
angle between the two means, that is, it would be the sum of these angles
of each of the means
 References

Internet video.
Physics tic. (2020). The waves [Video].Retrieved from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5PB0J1bTD8Q&ab_channel=NEWTUBEFisi
caTIC