‘Quostions 1-10 are based on the following passage. 1.02 ‘Adapted from Francis Bacon, “Of the Vicssitude of “Things” (1601), poo the benking ed shivering ofa greats nd empire, youmay be sre have wars. For great emp, wile they stand do neva an desc the fre ofthe nates Luv which they bave subdued, esting upon hei own potering faces, nl he wb ey al all gn un ey ‘ecome prey. So was iti the decay ofthe Roman empire, and ike io he empt ofAlaigoe alex Chaves he Great, very bird aking fee, nd were nou oBetal a Spain iit shoul break The great accessions and unions of ‘kinds, do ikewise stu wars foe when a sate sows {an overpower, tke great ood tht il bs seo veo, Asi ath Basen inthe sais of Rone, Take, Spa, aod oes. Look when he word at ewes barbarous peoples, ut suchas commonly wil not many or gene, 18 excep they know means ive (sit sale everythre at this day encep Tatar) thor sno dangsr of mundions of people but when tee be grea shoals of peopl, which goon ‘populate, witout foesceing mean of and sotto, its onecesity that once in an ago wo, hey discharge a 20 portion oftheir people upon other nations wich the ancien. other people were wont odo by ot csting lot what part Should saya home and wu should sek the feranes. When ‘warlike stat ros sof and emit, thy may be sie ‘var Foe commonly sich sates are grown chin th time of 25 thei degenerating and othe prey invite and hei day in valor, encourage a wat "Ae forthe weapons, i hardy fillet der re and servation: yet we secre he, have eas an vicsdes, For ceruin it that ordnance as known in thc ofthe 50 Onidrakes india and was tht, which the Macedonians called ‘thunder and ighting, and magic Aditi well now ta the ssc of ordnance, hath bee in Chin above wo thousand yeas The conditions of wespons, a hee improvement ae it, the fetching afer of fr incurs th dager sen in 4 ordnance and muskets. Secondly, the seg fhe persion: herein ikewiteordance exe all aration an sient inventions. The hii, the commodious we of them; tat ‘tod manageabie; and te lke aes For the cendoc ofthe war othe fist, men ested ‘extremely upon aunber they di put the wars kewse upon ‘iain fore and valor; poiming days for pith! fs, en 0 trying tout upon an even mach and hey were moe igor {ranging and araying tics ates. Aer, ty sew 45 est upon umber rather competent tan vas Hey grow to advantages of place cunning diversions, andthe ike and they ‘0 more sil nh orringof hela “0 8 ingaed carl evs, 2018 wee 2.com | Uabred pig tant pte peeps Inthe yout o ste, arms do louis; nthe middle age ofa Sate, easing: and then both of them together 50 fora ime; nthe devinng age ofa tate, mechanical ans and merchandize. Leaning hth hsinfoey, hen itis bt ‘beginning and almost ei then hs your, whea tis Toguriant ed juvenile: then hs strength a eas, when itis solid and reduced nd ly, his old age, when it waxeth cry $8 and exhausied. But its not god o Look oolong upon these ‘turning wheel of vicissitudes we become gid. As forthe ‘hilology of then. that is but cielo of ls, and therefore not St forth writing. Bea a Aesrdng 9 Bacon, areca be cuted by ‘Ttasain sacs maa 3) ier ti epuson oth cle of nton (O) either repressive measures or attempted reforms, )aentless emphasis on lenge rs. be a aa ‘Over the couse ofthe fs thee paragraphs Bacon shifts ‘is focus fom | A) wheter war I sdsahe wo why war common. ') how armies use train to how armies we technology. (©) wars fought by primitive nations to wars fought by highly advanced nations D) why wars orgie to how bas are fought a fae ae According 1 Bacon ling counties end to be ‘A) devotd othe rdione 'B) extremely belligerent. ) materially prosperous D) allied o younger nations. eS ae Mic cv pris be ies fr be wero Ceara A) Lines 1-2 "Upon the breaking. B) Lines 29-31 ("For certain... magic ©) Lines 31-32 Abd tis... yeu") ) Lines 4851 ("in he yout... mercandie”) Pconmue a")a. A He ‘The main purpose ofthe third paragraph (lines 40-47) 10 A) summarize diferent stages of evolution in how wars bev boon waged. 1B) urge the miliary svategists of Bacon's own ie Improve their practices. (C) explain why Chine wil become a more formidable iltary power, ) indie tt Rome ould have prevented te om collapse Acconling ' Bacon, aeajr change in how wars were fought involved ashi from A) eld warfare to siege warfare ') limited participation o national involvement (©) brace force to clever sttegy. D) the use of citizen soldi tothe use of meremais. a "As sed in ine 36, “exceeds mes: nearly means |) ismore powerful han. 5) is ore famous then () is ore costly han D) isles reputed than ‘ingidEatr Sanes 296 woree400.be | Used oppor ety par ie ape 10 re “ ‘Which action, on the bass ofthe passage, would be characteristic of great military power? A) Sending poliica disideats into exile B) Forming alliances and reducing its itary (©) Accepting numerous short-term defeats 0 achiev larger goals 1D) Conquering and conrllnginfigenne populations eC 2 ee Sa ‘Which choice provide the best evidence forthe answer to the previous question? A) Lines 25 ("For great B) Lines 17-20 ("but when C) Lines 44-45 ("Aer ) Lines 8556 (Buti forces) ations") vase) iy") "As used inline $8,“ most nealy means (A) anmactive 1) appropiate. ©) energetic D) competent, Pcomuc