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    1. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2776515 2. https://www.edworkingpapers.com/sites/default/files/ai21-476.pdf 3. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30833119/

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    1. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2776515 2. https://www.edworkingpapers.com/sites/default/files/ai21-476.pdf 3. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30833119/

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    8K views9 pages

    Studies

    Uploaded by

    Ethan Stein
    1. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2776515 2. https://www.edworkingpapers.com/sites/default/files/ai21-476.pdf 3. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30833119/

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    nawore|Open. 6 Research Letter | Public Health Presence of Armed School Officials and Fatal and Nonfatal Gunshot Injuries During Mass School Shootings, United States, 1980-2019 ila Peterson Ph, ames Dena, DP: Gina Fckson PHO Introduction ‘aor tiation ard aicebfornaton we lnadatteendof tie artice _After deadly schoo! shootings at Columbine, Sandy Hook, and Parkland, many states mandated ‘School Resource Offices or provided funding for districts to hire them Lawmakers also considered arming teachers. Florida now requires a law enforcement officer or trained school guaran In every school? ‘By examining every recorded incident where one or mare people was intentionally shotin a schoo building during the schoo day, or where perpetrator came to schoo! heavy armed with the Intent of fring indiscriminately, we examine the association between the presence ofan armed officer on scene andthe severity of shootings inK12 (kindergarten through T2th grade) schools {able Descriptive and Missing Case nformation or Al Variables ‘sing cass, No. variate aes, Ho. 00) rremGo).na__eimpued esos Kleperce, Wk T3425/10277_ We tan (3) range Ro Prsonsinye perce, WA B15 @091032) mA “ ean (30) (ange No. Weapons pease 160.200 Ne Na 302) Ime (50) ange. No Armedotficer 290358) 3866645) 2ora1) 1820) Lecdown crits s3@a00) 291475) 477453) 6119) Targeted sana) 21054) ina) Baz No.of soot ‘ne 2240254) 294493) 12961) a More than ne 100748) 8006.12) 200/616) mA own wenpntype ‘uy AROS asc04s) 1790968) 536(805) a ‘oyna 92(6856) 318618) 14502) NA ‘oy setgen 20158) 372629) 179037) NA oyrite 20716) 374658) oars) wa Resion sath 390919) 3366445) agin Mianest 355.12) 1600185) oasis) A Northeast saa) 37059 205(615) A West 416060) S107) 13903) reaity en 34537) 2e2046) 9360105) wa sibutan 580328) 30673) 267(446) NA ual 22013 2790457) ana Scoot tye emeatary rare) 53049 2oeisa) A ihschook 31,6045) 315489) a2as) A Wicdeorcanbioes 362687) 2030288) oap(.s5) A Inattaiontype able 122(61.00) 328629 1263) Patelter 2696) a4 O56(148) NA Attreviatons: Rasa ie NA not appa: 5, Open Access. Thisisan open acess atc distributed under the tenms.of the CC-BY License JAanetwoOpen 2024242057394, di 1000Vfumasetworkopen 202037394 February 162021. ve JAMA Network Open | PublicHealth ‘Armed choo Ocala Fatal and Nortl Gurshot juries Daring Mass School Shootings Methods This cross-sectional study was deemed exempt by the Hamline University institutional review board and granted awalve of informed consent because t only used publilyavalableecords for coding. This study followed the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Stuiesin Epidemiology (STROBE) reporting guideline. ‘We examined each identified case where more than one person was intentionally shotin 2 school bullding during schoo! day or a person arived at school withthe intent of fring Indsriinately 133 total cases) from 1980 to 2019 s reported bythe public K'12 School Shooting, Database? We focused on offender mative, an armed guard on scene during the shooting, the ‘number and type of firearms the perpetrator used, and other factors. Fllowing prior work on public ‘mass shootings." the codebook was piloted ona random sample of cases. Each shooting Was investigated twice by separate coders workingindependently, Oata were merged and differences ‘were resolved via consensus. The cases were then divided, independently checked, and sources ‘viangulated, ‘Negative binorial regression models predicting number injured and klled were used to account {forthe overdispersion of count data; missing data (2% on any varlable) are reportedin Table Yand imputed in mattivariate models using multiple imputation in Stata software version 16 (StataCorp).* Alltests indicate significance at the P< 05 level. Altests of significance are model parameters in ‘Table 2. Data analyses were performed from November to December 2020. Results ‘Thisstudy examined atota of 133 cases of school shootings and attempted school shootings fom. 1980 to 2019. Perpetrator’ ages ranged from 10 1.53; however, only 16 shooters (13%) were aged 22 years or older. Ninety-four perpetrators (70%) were current students, and 21 perpetrators (15%) ‘were former student. fall perpetrators, 83 (76%) were White and 148 (98%) were male. F721 ‘cases with fulinformation, 57 (4711) were targeted shootings. There were 134 shootings, Y2with “TabIeZ Negative Binomial Regression Results fo Number ljuredand Nurnbe Kile in School Mass Shootings ne rt rite inno Peane an ose Prave “Deadowsarig 0 055-135) 3 _—o70as.x00) 32. remesettcer A21@621D st 296,146.13) 03 No.of weapons sn@s715) 09 4.34(1.004178) one Treated oseossis 79 091,048.73) 7 ore tan oe shooter 18r@733s) 4 1.008 (032314) 2 Weapon ype ‘Any ators 2arqorasy 03 srse(aseas7) =

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