You are on page 1of 15

{\rtf1 \ansi \ansicpg1252 \deff0 \stshfdbch2 \stshfloch0 \stshfhich0 \deflang1033 \

deflangfe1033 {\fonttbl {\f0 \froman \fcharset0 \fprq2 {\*\panose


02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f2 \fnil \
fcharset134 \fprq0 {\*\panose 02010600030101010101}SimSun{\*\falt SimSun};}{\f3 \
fnil \fcharset2 \fprq0 {\*\panose 05000000000000000000}Wingdings{\*\falt
Wingdings};}}{\colortbl;\red0\green0\blue0;\red128\green0\blue0;\red255\green0\
blue0;\red0\green128\blue0;\red128\green128\blue0;\red0\green255\blue0;\red255\
green255\blue0;\red0\green0\blue128;\red128\green0\blue128;\red0\green128\blue128;\
red128\green128\blue128;\red192\green192\blue192;\red0\green0\blue255;\red255\
green0\blue255;\red0\green255\blue255;\red255\green255\blue255;}{\stylesheet {\qj \
li0 \ri0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \
kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \snext0 \spriority0 Normal;}
{\*\cs10 \rtlch \ltrch \snext10 \sunhideused \spriority99 Default Paragraph Font;}}
{\*\latentstyles \lsdstimax260 \lsdlockeddef0 \lsdsemihiddendef1 \lsdunhideuseddef1
\lsdqformatdef0 \lsdprioritydef99 {\lsdlockedexcept \lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0
\lsdpriority0 \lsdlocked0 Normal;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 heading 1;\
lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 heading 2;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 heading 3;\
lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 heading 4;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 heading 5;\
lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 heading 6;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 heading 7;\
lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 heading 8;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 heading 9;\
lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 index 1;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 index 2;\lsdpriority99
\lsdlocked0 index 3;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 index 4;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0
index 5;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 index 6;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 index 7;\
lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 index 8;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 index 9;\lsdpriority99
\lsdlocked0 toc 1;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 toc 2;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 toc
3;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 toc 4;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 toc 5;\
lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 toc 6;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 toc 7;\lsdpriority99 \
lsdlocked0 toc 8;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 toc 9;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Normal
Indent;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 footnote text;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0
annotation text;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 header;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0
footer;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 index heading;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0
caption;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 table of figures;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0
envelope address;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 envelope return;\lsdpriority99 \
lsdlocked0 footnote reference;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 annotation reference;\
lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 line number;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 page number;\
lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 endnote reference;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 endnote
text;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 table of authorities;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0
macro;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 toa heading;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 List;\
lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 List Bullet;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 List Number;\
lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 List 2;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 List 3;\lsdpriority99 \
lsdlocked0 List 4;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 List 5;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 List
Bullet 2;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 List Bullet 3;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 List
Bullet 4;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 List Bullet 5;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 List
Number 2;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 List Number 3;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 List
Number 4;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 List Number 5;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0
Title;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Closing;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Signature;\
lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Default Paragraph Font;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Body
Text;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Body Text Indent;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 List
Continue;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 List Continue 2;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 List
Continue 3;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 List Continue 4;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0
List Continue 5;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Message Header;\lsdpriority99 \
lsdlocked0 Subtitle;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Salutation;\lsdpriority99 \
lsdlocked0 Date;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Body Text First Indent;\lsdpriority99 \
lsdlocked0 Body Text First Indent 2;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Note Heading;\
lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Body Text 2;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Body Text 3;\
lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Body Text Indent 2;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Body Text
Indent 3;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Block Text;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0
Hyperlink;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 FollowedHyperlink;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0
Strong;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Emphasis;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Document
Map;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Plain Text;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 E-mail
Signature;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Normal (Web);\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 HTML
Acronym;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 HTML Address;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 HTML
Cite;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 HTML Code;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 HTML
Definition;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 HTML Keyboard;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 HTML
Preformatted;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 HTML Sample;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 HTML
Typewriter;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 HTML Variable;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0
Normal Table;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 annotation subject;\lsdpriority99 \
lsdlocked0 No List;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 1 / a / i;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0
1 / 1.1 / 1.1.1;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Article / Section;\lsdpriority99 \
lsdlocked0 Table Simple 1;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Table Simple 2;\
lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Table Simple 3;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Table Classic
1;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Table Classic 2;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Table
Classic 3;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Table Classic 4;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0
Table Colorful 1;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Table Colorful 2;\lsdpriority99 \
lsdlocked0 Table Colorful 3;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Table Columns 1;\
lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Table Columns 2;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Table Columns
3;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Table Columns 4;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Table
Columns 5;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Table Grid 1;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Table
Grid 2;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Table Grid 3;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Table
Grid 4;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Table Grid 5;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Table
Grid 6;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Table Grid 7;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Table
Grid 8;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Table List 1;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Table
List 2;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Table List 3;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Table
List 4;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Table List 5;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Table
List 6;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Table List 7;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Table
List 8;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Table 3D effects 1;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0
Table 3D effects 2;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Table 3D effects 3;\lsdpriority99 \
lsdlocked0 Table Contemporary;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Table Elegant;\
lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Table Professional;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Table
Subtle 1;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Table Subtle 2;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Table
Web 1;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Table Web 2;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Table Web
3;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Balloon Text;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Table Grid;\
lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Table Theme;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Placeholder Text;\
lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 No Spacing;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Light Shading;\
lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Light List;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Light Grid;\
lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Medium Shading 1;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Medium
Shading 2;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Medium List 1;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0
Medium List 2;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 1;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0
Medium Grid 2;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 3;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0
Dark List;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Colorful Shading;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0
Colorful List;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Colorful Grid;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0
Light Shading Accent 1;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Light List Accent 1;\
lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Light Grid Accent 1;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Medium
Shading 1 Accent 1;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Medium Shading 2 Accent 1;\
lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Medium List 1 Accent 1;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 List
Paragraph;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Quote;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Intense
Quote;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Medium List 2 Accent 1;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0
Medium Grid 1 Accent 1;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 2 Accent 1;\
lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 3 Accent 1;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Dark
List Accent 1;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Colorful Shading Accent 1;\lsdpriority99 \
lsdlocked0 Colorful List Accent 1;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Colorful Grid Accent
1;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Light Shading Accent 2;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0
Light List Accent 2;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Light Grid Accent 2;\lsdpriority99 \
lsdlocked0 Medium Shading 1 Accent 2;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Medium Shading 2
Accent 2;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Medium List 1 Accent 2;\lsdpriority99 \
lsdlocked0 Medium List 2 Accent 2;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 1 Accent
2;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 2 Accent 2;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0
Medium Grid 3 Accent 2;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Dark List Accent 2;\lsdpriority99
\lsdlocked0 Colorful Shading Accent 2;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Colorful List
Accent 2;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Colorful Grid Accent 2;\lsdpriority99 \
lsdlocked0 Light Shading Accent 3;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Light List Accent 3;\
lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Light Grid Accent 3;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Medium
Shading 1 Accent 3;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Medium Shading 2 Accent 3;\
lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Medium List 1 Accent 3;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Medium
List 2 Accent 3;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 1 Accent 3;\lsdpriority99 \
lsdlocked0
Medium Grid 2 Accent 3;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 3 Accent 3;\
lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Dark List Accent 3;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Colorful
Shading Accent 3;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Colorful List Accent 3;\lsdpriority99 \
lsdlocked0 Colorful Grid Accent 3;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Light Shading Accent
4;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Light List Accent 4;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Light
Grid Accent 4;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Medium Shading 1 Accent 4;\lsdpriority99 \
lsdlocked0 Medium Shading 2 Accent 4;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Medium List 1
Accent 4;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Medium List 2 Accent 4;\lsdpriority99 \
lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 1 Accent 4;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 2 Accent
4;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 3 Accent 4;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Dark
List Accent 4;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Colorful Shading Accent 4;\lsdpriority99 \
lsdlocked0 Colorful List Accent 4;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Colorful Grid Accent
4;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Light Shading Accent 5;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0
Light List Accent 5;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Light Grid Accent 5;\lsdpriority99 \
lsdlocked0 Medium Shading 1 Accent 5;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Medium Shading 2
Accent 5;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Medium List 1 Accent 5;\lsdpriority99 \
lsdlocked0 Medium List 2 Accent 5;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 1 Accent
5;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 2 Accent 5;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0
Medium Grid 3 Accent 5;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Dark List Accent 5;\lsdpriority99
\lsdlocked0 Colorful Shading Accent 5;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Colorful List
Accent 5;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Colorful Grid Accent 5;\lsdpriority99 \
lsdlocked0 Light Shading Accent 6;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Light List Accent 6;\
lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Light Grid Accent 6;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Medium
Shading 1 Accent 6;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Medium Shading 2 Accent 6;\
lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Medium List 1 Accent 6;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Medium
List 2 Accent 6;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 1 Accent 6;\lsdpriority99 \
lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 2 Accent 6;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 3 Accent
6;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Dark List Accent 6;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Colorful
Shading Accent 6;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Colorful List Accent 6;\lsdpriority99 \
lsdlocked0 Colorful Grid Accent 6;}}{\*\generator WPS Office}{\info {\author HP}{\
operator HP}{\creatim \yr2022 \mo2 \dy16 \hr14 \min27 }{\revtim \yr2022 \mo2 \
dy16 \hr14 \min42 }{\version1 }{\nofpages1 }}\paperw12240 \paperh15840 \margl1800 \
margr1800 \margt1440 \margb1440 \gutter0 \ftnbj \aenddoc \jcompress1 \viewkind1 \
viewscale100 \asianbrkrule \allowfieldendsel \snaptogridincell {\*\
fchars !),.:;?]\'7d{\uc1 \u168 ?}{\uc1 \u183 ?}{\uc1 \u711 ?}{\uc1 \u713 ?}{\uc1 \
u8213 ?}{\uc1 \u8214 ?}{\uc1 \u8217 ?}{\uc1 \u8221 ?}{\uc1 \u8230 ?}{\uc1 \u8758 ?}
{\uc1 \u12289 ?}{\uc1 \u12290 ?}{\uc1 \u12291 ?}{\uc1 \u12293 ?}{\uc1 \u12297 ?}{\
uc1 \u12299 ?}{\uc1 \u12301 ?}{\uc1 \u12303 ?}{\uc1 \u12305 ?}{\uc1 \u12309 ?}{\uc1
\u12311 ?}{\uc1 \u65281 ?}{\uc1 \u65282 ?}{\uc1 \u65287 ?}{\uc1 \u65289 ?}{\uc1 \
u65292 ?}{\uc1 \u65294 ?}{\uc1 \u65306 ?}{\uc1 \u65307 ?}{\uc1 \u65311 ?}{\uc1 \
u65341 ?}{\uc1 \u65344 ?}{\uc1 \u65372 ?}{\uc1 \u65373 ?}{\uc1 \u65374 ?}{\uc1 \
u65504 ?}}{\*\lchars ([\'7b{\uc1 \u183 ?}{\uc1 \u8216 ?}{\uc1 \u8220 ?}{\uc1 \
u12296 ?}{\uc1 \u12298 ?}{\uc1 \u12300 ?}{\uc1 \u12302 ?}{\uc1 \u12304 ?}{\uc1 \
u12308 ?}{\uc1 \u12310 ?}{\uc1 \u65288 ?}{\uc1 \u65294 ?}{\uc1 \u65339 ?}{\uc1 \
u65371 ?}{\uc1 \u65505 ?}{\uc1 \u65509 ?}}\fet2 {\*\ftnsep \pard \plain {\insrsid \
chftnsep \par }}{\*\ftnsepc \pard \plain {\insrsid \chftnsepc \par }}{\*\aftnsep \
pard \plain {\insrsid \chftnsep \par }}{\*\aftnsepc \pard \plain {\insrsid \
chftnsepc \par }}\sectd \sbkpage \pgwsxn12240 \pghsxn15840 \marglsxn1800 \
margrsxn1800 \margtsxn1440 \margbsxn1440 \guttersxn0 \headery720 \footery720 \
pgbrdropt0 \sectdefaultcl \endnhere \pard \plain \ql \fi1562 \cufi300 \li0 \ri0 \
lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \
kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\b1 \fs52 \kerning2 \rtlch
\ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 Incremental Innovation}{\b1 \fs52 \
kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \ql \
li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0
\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \
rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \
lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \
kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \
ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \
lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \
kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \
ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 refers to a series of small improvements made
to a company\uc1 \u8217 ?s existing products or services}{\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \
ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \
lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \
kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \
ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 to add or sustain value, Rather than
introducing a potentially risky brand-new product or services,}{\fs21 \kerning2 \
rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \
lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \
kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \
ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \
lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \
kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \
ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \
lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \
kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\b1 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch
\ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 Examples:}{\b1 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch
\dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \
widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \
rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \
dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 }{\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \
af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \
aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \
hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0
1]Since the first iphone was launched in 2007,Till now the phone\uc1 \u8217 ?s
basic design has remained largely the same rather than launching an entirely new
type }{\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \
plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \
rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \
kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 of phone.Instead, the tech
giant has released a slightly upgraded version of the iPhone, }{\fs21 \kerning2 \
rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \
lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \
kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \
ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 with improved cameras, graphics, and other
features that build off of the current model. }{\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch
\af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar
\aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \
dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \
af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \
aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \
hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0
\par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \
adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \
af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0
2]Gillette as one of the great innovation leaders but in actual fact, }{\fs21 \
kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \ql \
li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0
\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \
rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 the brand is a great example of a
company that has used incremental innovation to stay ahead of the competition.}{\
fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \ql
\li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \
itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \
kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 Gillette razors started life
with a single blade but their product has evolved, }{\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \
ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \
lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \
kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \
ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 adding different features and more blades as
the company has sought to better meet customer needs.}{\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \
ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch
\f0 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \
adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \
af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \
par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \
adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \
af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \
par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \
adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \
af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \
par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \
adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \
af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \
par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \
adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \
af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \
par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \
adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \
af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \
par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \
adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \
af0 \loch \af0 {\b1 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0
Definition:}{\b1 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par
}\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright
\lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0
{\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 Saras Sarasvathy\uc1
\u8217 ?s theory of Effectuation (2001) describes the process that entrepreneurs
use to create new ventures }{\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \
loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \
aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \
hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0
When looking at ways to create value for a business.entrepreneurs have the choice
between ways of thinking: causal thinking and }{\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch
\af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar
\aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \
dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \
af0 \loch \f0 effectual thinkingwhere they identify the next, best step by
assessing the resources available in order to achieve their goals, }{\fs21 \
kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \ql \
li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0
\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \
rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 while continuously balancing these
goals with their resources and actions.}{\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \
hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \
aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \
dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \
af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \
aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \
hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0
\par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \
adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \
af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0
Example:}{\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard
\plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \
lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\
fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 An author using his
causal logic decides to write a particular story and then gathers information from
other books to do so.}{\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \
f0 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \
adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \
af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 On
the other hand An author using effectuation logic he thinks and creates something
creative story using his own knowledge and skills}{\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \
dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \
widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \
rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \
dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \
widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \
rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \
dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \
widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \
rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \
dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 Limitations:}{\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \
af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \
widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \
rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \
dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 1]Starts Their entrepreneurial activity with no set
goals or targets, but instead seek an}{\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \
hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \
aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \
dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \
af0 \loch \f0 array of different possibilities as they take actions}{\fs21 \
kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \ql \
li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0
\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \
rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \
lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \
kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \
ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 2]It emphasizes to deal with uncertainty by
knowing how to control and by dealing}{\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \
hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \
aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \
dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \
af0 \loch \f0 with what is known and controllable, rather than by trying to
eliminate it by}{\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par
}\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright
\lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0
{\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 predicting the
unknown.}{\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard
\plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \
lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\
fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \ql
\li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \
itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \
kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \ql \
li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0
\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \
rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 3]They seek to build strategic
partnerships}{\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\
pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \
lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\
fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 instead of focusing on
competitors and engaging in competitive analysis.}{\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \
dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \
widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \
rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \
dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \
widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \
rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \
dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \
widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \
rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \
dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \
widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \
rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2
\rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \
lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \
kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \
ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \
lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \
kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \
ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \
lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \
kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \
ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \
lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \
kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \
ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \ql \fi1542 \cufi350 \
li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0
\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\b1 \fs44 \kerning2
\rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 OPEN INNOVATION }{\fs21 \kerning2 \
rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \
lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \
kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \
ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \
lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \
kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \
ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 Open innovation is a business management
model for innovation that promotes collaboration with people and organizations
outside the company. In this sense, open innovation challenges are a true cultural
break from the company silo mentality and the secrecy traditionally associated with
the corporate R&D culture. }{\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \
loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \
aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \
hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0
\par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \
adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \
af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0
Example 1:}{\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\
pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \
lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\
fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \ql
\li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \
itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \
kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 open innovation model
presented by Coca Coal is the Freestyle dispenser machine that allows users from
around the world to mix their own flavors and suggest a new flavor for Coca-Cola
products. The new product records the consumer flavor so they can get it from other
Freestyle machines located around the world using the Coca-Cola mobile application.
This model of open innovation puts the consumers in the heart of the production
process as the company uses the suggested flavors as part the external ideas that
can be evaluated and processed as a new product line.}{\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \
ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \
lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \
kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \
ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \
lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \
kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \
ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 Example 2:}{\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \
dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \
widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \
rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \
dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 Samsung adopts an open innovation in order to build
their external innovation strengths through Samsung Accelerator program. The
initiative aims to build a collaboration between designers, innovators, and
thinkers to focus on different solutions. The program provides office spaces,
statical capital, and product support to entrepreneurs to help them to build
software and services. Currently, Samsung Accelerator program is available in New
York, Palo Alto, and San Francisco.}{\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich
\af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \
aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \
dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \
af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \ql \fi1401 \cufi350 \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \
widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \
rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\b1 \fs40 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \
dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 CLOSED INNOVATION}{\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \
dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 }{\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \
af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \
aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \
hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0
\par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \
adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \
af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 A
closed innovation is based on the view that innovations are developed by companies
themselves. From the generation of ideas to development and marketing, the
innovation process takes place exclusively within the company. Place of innovation
= within the company. Opening to the outside is therefore impossible.}{\fs21 \
kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \ql \
li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0
\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \
rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \
lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \
kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \
ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 Example 1 :}{\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \
dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \
widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \
rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \
dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \
widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \
rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \
dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 Facebook\uc1 \u8217 ?s model is closed. This is a
huge advantage for Facebook, since exclusive data can be a tremendous competitive
edge. The downside, however, is that closed doors prevent valuable data from
getting in. Open Graph changed this by offering slices of Facebook\uc1 \u8217 ?s
data in exchange for data from the outside. This offer of open innovation allowed
Facebook to build greater integration with external services, which, at the time,
were more likely to provide Facebook with a fair trade. Then, in 2017, it was
discovered that Cambridge Analytica had used Open Graph to harvest more than 50
million user profiles, for the purposes of election manipulation.}{\fs21 \
kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \ql \
li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0
\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \
rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \
lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \
kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \
ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 Example 2 :}{\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \
dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \
widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \
rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \
dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \
widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \
rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \
dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 Apple uses an incremental innovation sales strategy,
based on the billions of euros used in secret research and development.}{\fs21 \
kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \ql \
li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0
\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \
rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 The example of it is when they develop
a new iPhone and there is nothing about it that they release untill the product
is officially launched.}{\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch
\f0 \par }\pard \plain \ql \fi1081 \cufi300 \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \
aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \
dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\b1 \fs36 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich
\af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \ql \fi1081 \cufi300 \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \
widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \
rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\b1 \fs36 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \
dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \ql \fi1081 \cufi300 \li0 \ri0 \
lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \
kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\b1 \fs36 \kerning2 \rtlch
\ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 PRODUCT INNOVATION}{\b1 \fs36 \kerning2 \
rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \
lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \
kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \
ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \
lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \
kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \
ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 Product innovation involves creating new
products or improved versions of existing products that increase their uses. This
innovation can be in the product's own functionality, or it can take the form of
new technology.}{\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par
}\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright
\lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0
{\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \
ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \
itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \
kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 Example: LG introduced a new
type of screen flexible enough to roll like a newspaper. By solving the problem of
portability, their brand immediately becomes more attractive to customers in the
market for mobile devices.}{\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \
loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \
aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \
hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0
\par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \
adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \
af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 Apple
Inc. introduction of iPhone series which are more attractive and classic to the
customers. Apple Inc was able to do this through brand switching and it resulted in
the customers switching to iPhones from other brands of phones.}{\fs21 \kerning2 \
rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \
lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \
kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\b1 \fs40 \kerning2 \rtlch
\ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \ql \fi1201 \cufi300 \li0
\ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \
fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\b1 \fs40 \
kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \ql \
fi1201 \cufi300 \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \
lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\
b1 \fs40 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 SERVICE INNOVATION
}{\b1 \fs40 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \
plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \
rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \
kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \ql \
li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0
\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \
rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 Service innovations ensure and enhance
the utility, performance, and apparent value of an offering. They make a product
easier & reveal features so that customers can try, use, and enjoy.}{\fs21 \
kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \ql \
li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0
\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \
rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \
lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \
kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \
ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 Example:}{\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch
\af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar
\aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \
dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \
af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \
aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \
hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0
1.Nike is an American multinational corporation that designs and manufacturers
footwear, apparel, equipment, accessories, and services. At their flagship store in
New York City, Nike launched The Speed Shop, which allows customers to order shoes
online, try them on in-store via a shoe locker that can be unlocked with a
smartphone, and then finish with a mobile checkout that doesn\uc1 \u8217 ?t require
interacting with an employee. }{\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0
\loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \
aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \
hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0
\par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \
adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \
af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0
2.Sysco is an American multinational corporation involved in marketing and
distributing food products, small wares, kitchen equipment, and tabletop equipment
to restaurants, healthcare and educational facilities, and hospitality businesses.
In order to elevate service in a relatively commoditized industry, Sysco began
providing clients with a free consulting service called \uc1 \u8220 ?Business
Reviews\uc1 \u8221 ? that helps them design menus and plan back-of-the-house
logistics.}{\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\
pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \
lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\
fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \ql
\li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \
itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\b1 \fs40 \
kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \ql \
fi1201 \cufi300 \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \
lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\
b1 \fs40 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 PROCESS INNOVATION
}{\b1 \fs40 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \
plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \
rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \
kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \ql \
li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0
\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \
rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 Process innovation is about designing
and implementation of new and significantly improved business processes. Whether in
the production process or delivery process it's focus is on improving the process,
increasing the quality of product, boosting profitability,}{\fs21 \kerning2 \
rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \
lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \
kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \
ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 productivity and reducing waste. This
includes significant changes in techniques, equipment and/or software.Process
innovation is the application or introduction of a new technology or method for
doing something that helps}{\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \
loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \
aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \
hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0
\par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \
adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \
af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \
par }\pard \plain \ql
\li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \
itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \
kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \ql \
fi1201 \cufi300 \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \
lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\
b1 \fs40 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain
\ql \fi1201 \cufi300 \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \
adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \
af0 \loch \af0 {\b1 \fs40 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0
DISRUPTIVE INNOVATION }{\b1 \fs40 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \
loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \
aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \
hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0
\par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \
adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \
af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0
Disruptive innovation is innovation that creates a new market and value network or
enters at the bottom of an existing market and eventually displaces established
market-leading firms, products, and alliances.}{\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch
\af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar
\aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \
dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \
af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \
aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \
hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0
As disruptive innovation state replaced market of any thing there are so many
examples around us regarding this innovation, among them 2 examples are stated
below: }{\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\
pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \
lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\
fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 1. Nowadays, Amazon is
a common and famous platform and it kindle displaced and disrupted the bookselling
industry because it could display its innovation and inventory without owning a
physical store in any location. By so doing, it makes books available and
accessible to all customers, regardless of their physical location.}{\fs21 \
kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \ql \
li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0
\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \
rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 2. IBM- International Business
Machines Company is a multinational famous technology company based in the USA. The
company is also recognized globally as a disruptive brand, its innovative computer
hardware and incredible technology is mostly used at present. The International
Business Machines Company launched into the technology market, intending to make
the most outstanding solutions around. And today, they are the world leader in
mainframe computers and nano-technology.}{\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \
af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \
widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \
rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \
dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \
widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \
rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \
dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \ql \fi1201 \cufi300 \li0 \ri0 \
lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \
kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\b1 \fs40 \kerning2 \rtlch
\ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \ql \fi1201 \cufi300 \li0
\ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \
fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\b1 \fs40 \
kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 POSITION INNOVATION }{\b1 \
fs40 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \ql
\li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \
itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \
kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \ql \
li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0
\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \
rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 Position Innovation is about
repositioning, taking a product or service and offering it in a new market, or with
a new slant.}{\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\
pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \
lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\
fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 position innovation is
when a company changes or repositions the customers perspective on their products
or services this also has to do with the companies brand image.}{\fs21 \kerning2 \
rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \
lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \
kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \
ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \
lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \
kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \
ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 For example we see,}{\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \
ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \
lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \
kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \
ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \
lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \
kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \
ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 1. The company who normally only sells child
clothing will enter a new fashion to change the customers perspective that they not
only sell child clothing but also for teenagers and youth. So a company can
position itself by changing the perspective of customers on their company. }{\
fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \ql
\li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \
itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \
kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \ql \
li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0
\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \
rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 2. We can talk about a sporting goods
brand based in England named gola. At its beginning, it was a cheaper brand with
low quality products. Then they took themselves off the market from few years,
tripled the price put it back on the market.}{\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \
af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \
widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \
rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \
dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 And now people see them differently. They positioned
in a different way in the minds of their customers. At present they are more
exclusive brand.}{\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \
par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \
adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \
af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 May
be there was a bit of product and process change on behind so that they can get
better quality materials, better design to make them standard one.}{\fs21 \kerning2
\rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \
lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \
kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \
ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 But all these help them in positioning.}{\
fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \ql
\li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \
itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \
kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \ql \
li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0
\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \
rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \ql \fi881 \cufi200
\li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \
itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\b1 \fs44 \
kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch
\af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 PARADIGM INNOVATION }{\b1 \fs44 \kerning2 \rtlch \
ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \
lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \
kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \
ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \
lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \
kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \
ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 Paradigm innovation occurs when there is a
significant change in thinking. Paradigms are the values, assumptions, and beliefs
that make up the way people see things. ... This paradigm innovation involved
shifting beliefs about computers and turning them from something for a select few
into something for everyone.}{\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \
loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \
aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \
hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0
A well-known example of paradigm innovation involves personal computers. Once upon
a time, computers were only in labs\uc1 \u8212 ?it would have been downright
bizarre for a person to have a computer in his/her own home, office, or school! As
you no doubt know, though, this all changed with the creation of the personal
computer. Computers became something that virtually everyone wanted and needed\
uc1 \u8212 ?in fact, you might even be reading this LAP on a computer right now.
This paradigm innovation involved shifting beliefs about computers and turning them
from something for a select few into something for everyone.}{\fs21 \kerning2 \
rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \
lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \
kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \
ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \
lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \
kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \
ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 Google is one company that many people think
of as being particularly innovative. In fact, Google has an entire secret lab\uc1 \
u8212 ?called Google X\uc1 \u8212 ?where the company works on its most innovative
products, like Google Glass and a driverless car. In this article, \uc1 \u8220 ?
Inside Google\uc1 \u8217 ?s Secret Lab (Links to an external site.)\uc1 \u8221 ? by
Brad Stone, you can read more about Google\uc1 \u8217 ?s approach to innovation,
specifically paradigm innovation. One Google employee even suggests that Google
Glass is as innovative as the first Apple personal computer because \uc1 \u8220 ?we
are proposing that there is value in a totally new product category and a totally
new set of questions.\uc1 \u8221 ?}{\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \
hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \
aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \
dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \
af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \
aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \
hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\b1 \fs40 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch
\f0 }{\b1 \fs40 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \
lang1033 \langnp1033 }{\b1 \fs40 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \
af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \par }\pard \plain \ql \fi1001 \cufi250 \li0 \
ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \
fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\b1 \fs40 \
kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 ARCHITECTURAL INNOVATION }{\
b1 \fs40 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain
\ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \
itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \
kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \ql \
li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0
\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \
rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 Architectural innovation occurs when
new products or services use existing technology to create new markets and/or new
consumers that did not purchase that item before. }{\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \
dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \
widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \
rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \
dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \
widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \
rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \
dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 Example:}{\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \
hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \
aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \
dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \
af0 \loch \f0 Desktop Photocopiers:}{\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich
\af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \
aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \
dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \
af0 \loch \f0 One of the best things about a digital photocopier is that they are
compact and can fit in any small office. In this digital age, photocopiers are even
multifunctional and can do several tasks. Before the desktop photocopiers, there
were stand-alone photocopiers. A stand-alone photocopier is a single unit dedicated
to copying functions. This was the only option, and it only favored big
corporations. Now small businesses do not need extra space for photocopying. }{\
fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \ql
\li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \
itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \
kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \ql \
li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0
\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \
rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 2.Multi-core Processor}{\fs21 \
kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \ql \
li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0
\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \
rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 A multi-core processor is a combined
circuit that two or more processors have been connected for enhanced performance
with low power performance. It is also more efficient in processing multi-tasks. A
dual core set-up can be compared to multiple separate processors in one computer.}
{\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \
ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \
itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \
kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \ql \
li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0
\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \
rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \
lisb0 \lisa0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \
kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \rtlch \
ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }}

You might also like