| ACTIVITY PAGE = ame: Date: > Course: $$ Grade: ____——_ organ Trafficking and Human Needs in both the life sciences and ost of ethical issues that are course, The many developments in the past few decades i ition of a hi in biotechnology have given rise to the recogni concerned with the physical survival and welfare of living creatures including, of human beings. These ethical discussions have been gathered under the name of bioethics, 2 rapidly emerging field of applied ethics. Both medical ethics and animal ethics can actually be classified as subfields within the larger sphere of bioethics, while environmental ethics can have a lot of concerns that are tied up with bioethics. Given that animal ethics, in the form of the topic of animal rights, has already been covered in Chapter I'and environmental ethics treated earlier in this chapter, let us now concentrate on medical ethics. This field focuses on moral issues in medical practice and research. One such issue that has given rise to much debate is the phenomenon of organ trafficking, which is defined as the trade in human organs (whether from living or nonliving people) for the purpose of transplantation. The trade can happen through the sale of organs or through any other means including coercive force. in 2009, the Philippine government halted a planned kidney transplant from a er Saudi Arabian husband. It was discovered that the couple had only been martied for a short time and that the man did not know how to speak in English or Filipino, while the wife could not speak Arabic—a situation that raised a lot of suspicion on the part of the authorities. The government's allegation was that the planned transplant was not really an organ donation, which Philippine law allows, but was, in actuality, a case of an organ sale, which is tantamount to organ trafficking prohibited by law. One possible reason for the woman's consent to this alleged deal is the widespread poverty among Filipinos. Although organ trafficking is patently illegal in the Philippines and in many other nations, it continues to be a tempting possibility, especially for impoverished individuals, to earn some much-needed cash. Most people are born with two kidneys, and an individual can live on a ae kidney. Supposing that the transplant will be done under strict medical supervision, Pa oe Ba shortage of avalable kidney donors, and setting aside the clear ilegal status rgan trafficking, is it really wrong for a person in great financial need to sell one of her Filipina wife to hi oe Chapter Vi: Synthesis: Making Informed Decisions_ 129kidneys to someone who reqi in /ho is willing and able to Tequires a transplant to survive and who is willing Offer generous amount. Of cash? |. This chapter identifi confronted with mor 1 ied and explained the steps in making eee When ral problems. The steps can be summarized as follows: Determine your involvement in the moral situation. 2. Gather all the necessary facts. 3. _ Identify the stakeholders, 4. Name all the alternative choices possible and their potential effects on aij stakeholders. 5. Identify the type of ethical issue at hand. 6. Make your ethical conclusion or decision. Apply now all six steps to the Question, “ls selling one of my kidneys to a paying Customer morally defensible?" Write down your application below: Step 1: Step 2: Step 3: Step 4: 130 __ Ethics: Foundations of Moral ValuationStep 5: step 6: Examine your feelings or emotions regarding the issue of organ trafficking. Did you feel sympathetic to the woman who was about to sell her kidney to her Saudi Arabian husband? Or were you morally repulsed by what she was planning to do? Apply Ramon C.Reyes's idea of the five cross-points that contribute to the formation of who you are in order to understand your feelings about this particular moral issue. List below the elements that make up each of your cross-points: 1. Physical Cross-Point: 2. Interpersonal Cross-Point: 3. Social Cross-Point: 4. Historical Cross-Point: Chapter Vi: Synthesis: Making informed Decisions _ 1315. Existential Cross-Point: Given the five cross-pointsthat make up who youare,can you pail below why you fel the way that you do toward the woman wit Wis SOT ht kidney? How can you make sure that your feelings about the ™: mn Kohiberg's pre-conventional stage? ; 1. How did I fee! toward the woman who was about to sell her kidney and why: 2. Howdo! make sure my feelings are morally mature and not trapped in the pre- conventional stage: Ill. Search your library resources as well as online sources to come up five other ethical issues that can be categorized under “medical ethics” List the issues down, cite your sources, and provide a short explanation of each issue as well as one main argument for and ‘one main argument against a particular stand on the issue. Pay particular attention to topics that are relevant to the contemporary Philippine context. Make sure your sources are trustworthy and that you get all the necessary facts straight (including the possible scientific explanations). : Medical Ethics Issue A: 1. Ethical Issue: 2. Sources: 132 __ Ethics: Foundations of Moral Valuation3. _ Explanation: 4. Position/Stand on the Issue: 5. _ Argument for the Position: 6. Argument against the Position: Medical Ethics Issue B: 1. Ethical Issue: 2. Sources: 3. Explanation: 133 tater nts Maing informed Pesos — i eee eee4 Position/Stand on the Issue: 5. Argument for the Position: 6 Argument against the Position: Medical Ethics Issue C: 1. Ethical Issue: 2. Sources: 3. Explanation: 4 Position/Stand on the Issue: 134 _Ethics: Foundations of Moral Valuation5. Argument for the Position: 6. Argument against the Position: lical Ethics Issue D: 1. Ethical Issue: 2. Sources: 3. Explanation: 4. Position/Stand on the Issue: 5. Argument for the Position: Chapter Vi Synthesis: Making informed Decisions6. Argument against the Position: Medical Ethics Issue E: 1. Ethical Issue: 2. Sources: 3. Explanation: 4, — Position/Stand on the Issue: 5. Argument for the Position: 6. Argument against the Position: 136 __ Ethics: Foundations of Moral Valuation