America & The Tall Office Building #2

America & The Tall Office Building
#2
Reading list:
Louis H. Sullivan, The tall office building artistically considered. Lippincott's Magazine, March 1896
https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/architecture/4-205-analysis-of-contemporary-architecture-fall-
2009/readings/MIT4_205F09_Sullivan.pdf
Thomas Leslie, Dankmar Adler’s Response to Louis Sullivan’s ‘‘The Tall Office Building Artistically Considered’’:
Architecture and the ‘‘Four Causes’’ . Journal of Architectural Education, October 2010
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Thomas_Leslie/publication/229483190_Dankmar_Adler%27s_Response_to_Louis_Sull
ivan%27s_The_Tall_Office_Building_Artistically_Considered_Architecture_and_the_Four_Causes/links/59f3489245851554
7c204cef/Dankmar-Adlers-Response-to-Louis-Sullivans-The-Tall-Office-Building-Artistically-Considered-Architecture-and-
the-Four-Causes.pdf?origin=publication_detail
St. Louis waterfront, Missouri, 1850-1880, the cast iron age
Podul Brooklyn
1869 – 1883
John Augustus Roebling

Podul Brooklyn
1869 – 1883
John Augustus Roebling

The Great Chicago Fire, 1871
Henry Hobson Richardson
1838 – 1886
The Shingle Style | Richardsonian

Henry Hobson Richardson
1838 – 1886
The Marshall Field Wholesale Store (1885–1887, demolished 1930)

Commercial Style vs. Chicago School
— the need for office space + population increase
— the elevator
— the steel frame (as opposed to previous cast iron technology)
— the telephone from JL Cohen, The Future of Architecture
Commercial Style vs. Chicago School
— the need for office space + population increase
— the elevator
— the steel frame (as opposed to previous cast iron technology)
— the telephone from JL Cohen, The Future of Architecture
William LeBaron Jenney

William Holabird, Martin Roche
Dankmar Adler, Louis Sullivan
Daniel Burnham, John Root
1832 –1907
1879 The First Leiter Building

1832 –1907
1884 : The Home Insurance Building

1832 –1907
1889-91 The Second Leiter Building

1832 –1907
1889-91 The Second Leiter Building

Burnham & Root
1846 –1912 | 1850–1891
1886-7 The Rookery Building

Burnham & Root
1846 –1912 | 1850–1891

Burnham & Root
1846 –1912 | 1850–1891

Burnham & Root
1846 –1912 | 1850–1891

Burnham & Root
1846 –1912 | 1850–1891

Burnham & Root
1846 –1912 | 1850–1891
1889-92 The Monadnock Building

Burnham & Root
1846 –1912 | 1850–1891
1889-92 The Monadnock Building

Adler & Sullivan
1844 –1900 | 1856–1924
1886-9 The Auditorium Building

Adler & Sullivan
1844 –1900 | 1856–1924

Adler & Sullivan
1844 –1900 | 1856–1924

Adler & Sullivan
1844 –1900 | 1856–1924

Adler & Sullivan
1844 –1900 | 1856–1924

Adler & Sullivan
1844 –1900 | 1856–1924

Adler & Sullivan
1844 –1900 | 1856–1924

Adler & Sullivan
1844 –1900 | 1856–1924

Adler & Sullivan
1844 –1900 | 1856–1924
1890-1 The Wainwright Building, Saint Louis, Missouri

Adler & Sullivan
1844 –1900 | 1856–1924

Adler & Sullivan
1844 –1900 | 1856–1924

Adler & Sullivan
1844 –1900 | 1856–1924

Louis Sullivan
1856–1924
1896 The Tall Office Building Artistically Considered
How shall we impart to this sterile pile, this crude, harsh, brutal agglomeration, this stark,
staring exclamation of eternal strife, the graciousness of those higher forms of sensibility and
culture that rest on the lower and fiercer passions? How shall we proclaim from the dizzy height
of this strange, weird, modern housetop the peaceful evangel of sentiment, of beauty, the cult of a
higher life?
...
Whether it be the sweeping eagle in his flight, or the open apple-blossom, the toiling work- horse,
the blithe swan, the branching oak, the winding stream at its base, the drifting clouds, over all the
coursing sun, form ever follows function, and this is the law. Where function does not change
form does not change. The granite rocks, the ever-brooding hills, remain for ages; the lightning
lives, comes into shape, and dies in a twinkling.
It is the pervading law of all things organic and inorganic, of all things physical and
metaphysical, of all things human and all things superhuman, of all true manifestations of the
head, of the heart, of the soul, that the life is recognizable in its expression, that form ever follows
function. This is the law.
Louis Sullivan
1856–1924
1894-6 The Guaranty Building, Buffalo, NY

Louis Sullivan
1856–1924

Louis Sullivan
1856–1924

Louis Sullivan
1856–1924

Louis Sullivan
1856–1924
1899-1904 Schlesinger & Meyer Department Store (Carson, Pirie & Scott)
Louis Sullivan
1856–1924
Louis Sullivan
1856–1924
Louis Sullivan
1856–1924
1893 Chicago Stock Exchange

Louis Sullivan
1856–1924

Louis Sullivan
1856–1924
https://loc.gov/pictures/search/?q=Photograph:%20il0099&fi=number&op=PHRASE&va=exact&co%20=hh&st=gallery&sg%20=%20true
1972 1976/77 Trading floor & main entrance — Art Institute of Chicago
1972 1976/77 Trading floor & main entrance — Art Institute of Chicago
World’s Columbian Exhibition
1893 John Wellborn Root, Daniel Burnham, Frederick Law Olmsted and Charles B. Atwood
1893 Louis Sullivan, Transportation Building



Daniel H. Burnham
1901 Planul McMillan de completare a celui al lui Pierre Charles L’Enfant (1791) pentru The Washington Mall
Daniel H. Burnham
1911 Plan of the City of Chicago
1801
Commissioner’s Plan
1811
Daniel Burnham & Co.
Frederick Dinkelberg
1902 Flatiron (Fuller) Building, New York

Alfred Stieglitz (1903) Edward Steichen (1904)
Henry Janeway Hardenbergh
1907 Plaza Hotel, 786 Fifth Avenue, New York
Ernest Flagg
1908 Singer Building, New York
Ernest Flagg
Ernest Flagg
Ernest Flagg
Pierre L. Lebrun
1907-09 Metropolitan Life Insurance Co.
New York
McKim, Mead and White
1909-14 Municipal Building, New York
McKim, Mead and White
1909-14 Municipal Building, New York
Gilbert Cass
1910-13 Woolworth Building, New York
Gilbert Cass
1910-13 Woolworth Building, New York
Grahan, Andreson & Probst
1913-15 Equitable Building, New York
Hugh Ferriss
1889–1962
1915 Schimbare de regulament

1922 Ilustrari ale regulamentului
Eugène Hénard
1910 Street of the Future
Harvey Wiley Corbett
1913 City of the Future
Starrett & van Vleck
1930 The Downtown Athletic Club
Plan from https://plans.arch.ethz.ch/archives/plan/downtown-athletic-club-a
Images from R.Koolhaas, Delirious New York (156)
Question:
What is “The City Beautiful” movement? | 500 words → March 16th

— exercise synthetic statements
— mention some of its notable representatives
— place it in time
— try to figure out its relevance/importance
— do not copy word for word anything / the point is to try to use your own words
and to synthesize the ideas that you come across / use citations marks whenever
the original expression of an author is important and correctly reference the quote
Reading list:
_ Daniel Burnham, To Make a City Beautiful (1902): https://uofi.app.box.com/s/z84hl95omiodj2ghbpzxj7txq4ofzyun

_ Carl Smith, The Plan of Chicago: Daniel Burnham and the Remaking of the American City, University of Chicago Press,
2006
_ www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org
_ Burnham Plan Centennial Committee, The Plan of Chicago: A Regional Legacy:
https://uofi.app.box.com/s/powot7sxac8u6qy092cj51p2dmal1m0y
_ Univesity Of Illinois, History Department, Chicago Enlightened, A “Well-Regulated Civilization”:
https://maxwellhalsted.uic.edu/home/chicago-light-beautiful-domestic-order/index.html
Reading list:
Louis H. Sullivan, The tall office building artistically considered. Lippincott's Magazine, March 1896
Thomas Leslie, DankmarAdler’s Response to Louis Sullivan’s ‘‘The Tall Office Building Artistically Considered’’:
Architecture and the ‘‘Four Causes’’ . Journal of Architectural Education, October 2010
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Thomas_Leslie/publication/229483190_Dankmar_Adler%27s_Response_to_Louis_Sull
ivan%27s_The_Tall_Office_Building_Artistically_Considered_Architecture_and_the_Four_Causes/links/59f3489245851554
7c204cef/Dankmar-Adlers-Response-to-Louis-Sullivans-The-Tall-Office-Building-Artistically-Considered-Architecture-and-
the-Four-Causes.pdf?origin=publication_detail

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America & The Tall Office Building

John Augustus Roebling

John Augustus Roebling

The Shingle Style | Richardsonian

The Marshall Field Wholesale Store (1885–1887, demolished 1930)

William LeBaron Jenney

1879 The First Leiter Building

1884 : The Home Insurance Building

1889-91 The Second Leiter Building

1889-91 The Second Leiter Building

1886-7 The Rookery Building

1886-7 The Rookery Building

1886-7 The Rookery Building

1886-7 The Rookery Building

1886-7 The Rookery Building

1889-92 The Monadnock Building

1889-92 The Monadnock Building

1886-9 The Auditorium Building

1886-9 The Auditorium Building

1886-9 The Auditorium Building

1886-9 The Auditorium Building

1886-9 The Auditorium Building

1886-9 The Auditorium Building

1886-9 The Auditorium Building

1886-9 The Auditorium Building

1890-1 The Wainwright Building, Saint Louis, Missouri

1890-1 The Wainwright Building, Saint Louis, Missouri

1890-1 The Wainwright Building, Saint Louis, Missouri

1890-1 The Wainwright Building, Saint Louis, Missouri

1896 The Tall Office Building Artistically Considered

1894-6 The Guaranty Building, Buffalo, NY

1894-6 The Guaranty Building, Buffalo, NY

1894-6 The Guaranty Building, Buffalo, NY

1894-6 The Guaranty Building, Buffalo, NY

1893 Chicago Stock Exchange

1893 Chicago Stock Exchange

1893 Louis Sullivan, Transportation Building

1893 Louis Sullivan, Transportation Building

1893 Louis Sullivan, Transportation Building

1902 Flatiron (Fuller) Building, New York

1915 Schimbare de regulament

What is “The City Beautiful” movement? | 500 words → March 16th

_ Daniel Burnham, To Make a City Beautiful (1902): https://uofi.app.box.com/s/z84hl95omiodj2ghbpzxj7txq4ofzyun

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