1.

Suppositions

a) z modalnymi +V

must - pewność +be Ving

can't/couldn't - pewność na nie + have V3

can/could - możliwość / prawdopodobieństwo + have been Ving

may/might

Ona prawdopodobnie zgubiła klucze

She might have lost the keys.

b) Z rzeczownikiem 2. Prohibition
( certainty/possibility/probability/ likelihood )
You mustn't V
There is probability that she lost the keys.
You can't V
C) Z przysłówkiem
You are not allowed to V
(certainly/possibly/probably) - po czasowniku
posiłkowym It is prohibited (for you) to

She has probably lost the keys. It is banned to

d) z przymiotnikiem It is forbidden to

(certain/possible/probable/likely) It is not allowed to

It is probable that she lost the keys. there is prohibition to

She is probable to have lost the keys. there is ban on

( czasy bezokolicznika)

They might be Ving

It seems to me that they are Ving

It appears to me that they are Ving

I suppose that they are Ving

Perhaps they
3. necessity/obligation

you must

you have to

you need to

you are obliged to there is necessity to

it is necessary (for you) to there is obligation to

it is obligatory to

it is compulsory to

4. lack of necessity

you don't have to V you didn't have to

you didn't need to

you don't need to V
you needn't have V3
you needn't V

you are not obliged to

it is not necessary (for you) to

it is not obligatory to

it is not compulsory to

5. advice

you should V
you should have V3

you ought to V you ought to have V3

you had better V

why don't you V

if I were you, I would V

if I were in your shoes, I would V

it's high time to V

it's high time + obj+ past simple

I suggest that you (should) V

You are supposed to/ you are expected to

You are to
 6. possibility

I can

I am able to I could

I am capable of Ving I was able to

I succeed in Ving I was capable of Ving

I manage to I succeeded in Ving

I cope with I managed to

7. Offers of help I coped with

May I help you

shall I do sth for you 8. Asking for permission

would you like me to do sth for you May I / Might I

8. Suggestions Can I / Could I

Why don't we V Is it possible that I

We may V Is there possibility to …

We might V *Do you mind if I…

We can V *Would you mind if I…

We could V odpowiedzi twierdzące

Let's V Yes, Certainly

Shall we V Yes, of course.

Would you like to V Sure, go ahead!

*No, I don't.

How about Ving *Not at all.

What about Ving Odpowiedzi przeczące

I suggest Ving I'm afraid , it's impossible.

Do you feel like Ving I'm sorry but….

*I'm afraid I do

*By all means.