Steering - Presentation For Training - 2022 April

Business Unit Steering,
Training Steering Fundamentals
April, 2022
Business Unit Steering, Main Menu
Introduction/ Product portfolio Steering Literature

system/concept
Basic
Business unit Overview How to choose Literature steering

steering concept
OSPC and OSPL
Basic function How to size a
VSP and VSPP steering system
OSPD, OSPU How to choose

components in eCat
OLS
How to request a
OSQ component that is
not present in eCat
How to tune a
steering system
Steering Unit –
Steering column
Assembly advices
2| Steering, basic training Classified as Business

Business Unit Steering

Menu
Work function division
Business Unit Steering
▪ Danfoss has been developing and

manufacturing steering components for off
road vehicles since 1961
▪ We are focusing on customers needs and so
we have a very wide program of steering
components
▪ Steering units
▪ Priority valves
▪ Flow amplifiers
▪ Electro hydraulic steering valves

Menu
Business Unit Steering, applications

Menu
Business area steering, manufacturing sites
India, Pune
Denmark, Nordborg HQ

Steering systems and
function of hydrostatic steering units
powersolutions.danfoss.com
Menu
Hydrostatic steering
Characteristics:
◼ Easy and comfortable steering
◼ Safe concept
◼ Easy and flexible installation

Menu
Hydrostatic steering
Numbers:
◼ Number (n) of steering wheel
revolutions lock to lock, typical: 3 to 5
◼ Steering torque level, typical: 1 to 3 Nm
Calculate Steering unit displacement, Vv:
Vv (ccm/rev) = Cylinder stroke volume (V, ccm) /n

Menu
Steering systems
ON: Open center Non reaction Steering cylinder
L R
ON = Open center Non reaction.

Steering unit
Using dedicated gear pump for P T
steering
Pump
Example of complete type designation:
OSPC 100 ON
Base Type Displacement Circuit Type
ccm/rev
Tank
10 | Steering, basic training Classified as Business

Menu
Steering systems
OR: Open center Reaction Steering cylinder
L R
Steering unit
OR = Open center Reaction. P T
Using dedicated gear pump for Pump

steering
Tank

Menu
Steering systems
LS: Load Sensing static

Steering cylinder
L R
Steering unit LS
LS static= P T
Load Sensing non reaction. EF

CF
Priority Work
Can use common pump for valve
steering and working. P
With ”static” priority valve:

no flow in LS-line Pump
Tank

Menu
Steering systems
LS: Load Sensing dynamic

Steering cylinder
L R
Steering unit LS
LS dynamic = P T
Load Sensing non reaction. EF

CF
Priority Work
Can use common pump for steering valve
and working. P
With ”dynamic” priority valve:

permanent flow in LS-line Pump
> same temperature of steering unit as entire
hydraulic system, eliminates risk of thermal Tank
shock and provides better response

Function of hydrostatic steering unit, parts Menu
1. Housing
2. End cover
3. Check valve for emergency steering
4. Sleeve
10
11
5. Spool
6. Cardan shaft
7. Gear wheel
8. Gear rim
7
5 4 6 9. Distributor plate
10.Neutral position spring package
8 11.Cross pin

Function of hydrostatic steering unit, parts Menu
ISO/Cetop symbol
1. Housing
2. End cover
3. Check valve for emergency
steering
4. Sleeve
5. Spool
6. Cardan shaft
7. Gear wheel
8. Gear rim
9. Distributor plate
10. Neutral position spring
package
All 11. Cross pin

Menu
Function: Open center Non reaction in neutral

Menu
Function: Open center Non reaction right turn

Menu
OSP Open center Non reaction fixed pump

Menu
Function: Open center Reaction in neutral

Menu
Function: Open center Reaction right turn

Menu
OSP Open center Reaction fixed pump

Menu
Function: Load Sensing static non reaction in neutral
CF EF
LS
P

Menu
Function: Load Sensing static non reaction turn right
CF EF
LS
P

Menu
OSP Load Sensing static non reaction fixed pump

Menu
Function: Load Sensing dynamic non reaction in neutral.

Gear pump in use
CF EF
LS
P

Menu
Function: Load Sensing dynamic non reaction turn right.

Gear pump in use
Check valve in LS prevents

kick back:
It will close until pump
pressure is built up to match
steering pressure demand, and
so flow from steering circuit
cannot stream backwards into
LS line for the priority valve.
The LS pressure in OLS spring
chamber will be generated by
the dynamic flow coming from
connection between CF and LS
CF EF across the dynamic orifice
inside the OLS.
LS
P

Menu
OSP Load Sensing dynamic non reaction fixed pump

Menu
OSPF Load Sensing dynamic non reaction fixed pump

Menu
OSP Load Sensing, summary
Dynamic flow
LS type range, lpm +/-Performance Recommandation
+No flow loss in neutral
/-Response Use only if customer insists.
Static /-Risk of thermo shock All other LS “1. Generation” static have been
0
4. generation /-Kick back converted to “4. Generation” by beginning of
+Maximum symmetry>limited 2016.
steering wheel drift
Preferred. All new codes for “standard” LS
+Response
dynamic established since 2010 are based on
Dynamic +No kick back
this type.
4. Generation, 0,6-0,9 +No risk of thermo shock
All other LS “2. Generation” dynamic have
Standard +Maximum symmetry>limited
been converted to “4. Generation” by
beginning of 2016.
+Extreme response
+No kick back
+No risk of thermo shock
”High” Dynamic To be chosen if demand for extreme
1,0-1,3 +No LS hissing noise
4. generation response is requested
+Maximum symmetry>limited
/-Flow loss in neutral
+Extreme response
+No kick back
+No risk of thermo shock
+Extremely good in controlling To be chosen if steering system can generate
”F”-Dynamic
1,1-1,5 negative steering forces high level of negative steering forces: risk of
3. generation
+No LS hissing noise “run away”
/-Dynamic flow streams to tank
permanently
/-Tuning can be tricky
29 | Steering, basic training MENU

Classified as Business
Menu
RM: Reaction ”Motor ”commutating
Improved reaction steering unit RM steering technology

Menu
RM: Reaction ”Motor ”commutating
RM steering technology
Improved reaction steering unit
LSR / LSRM comparison
Self alignment speed versus cylinder pressure
50
LSRM
LSR
40
30
RPM
20
10
0
0 5 10 15 20
Bar

Menu
Steering without pump supply: emergency steering
When pump supply is failing, the steering unit can act

as a hand pump.
Input torque M will be transmitted to Pressure Δp :
M = (Vv x Δp) / (2 x л x ŋmech)
>
Δp = (M x 2 x л x ŋmech)/Vv
Lower displacement Vv causes higher Δp
Input steering speed n will be transmitted to Flow Q:

Q = Vv x n x ŋvol
Lower displacement Vv causes lower Q
ŋmech = mechanical efficiency

ŋvol = volumetric efficiency

Menu
Steering unit base variants
Danfoss and ISO symbols
ON = Open center Non reaction OR = Open center Reaction
LS = Load Sensing non reaction LSR = Load Sensing Reaction

Menu
Function of a hydrostatic steering unit.
Valves and parts of a steering unit and their purpose
1. Shock valves: to limit max pressure on servo side e.g. at external

impact on the steered wheels. Is requested by legislation standard
2009/66/EC
2. Suction valves: to avoid cavitation in steering cylinder circuit
1
3. Spool/sleeve set w. neutral spring kit: controls the cylinder
2
movement related to steering wheel turning together with the gear
set, springs keep spool/sleeve set in neutral when steering wheel is
3 untouched. Spool/sleeve set is part of any steering units.
4. Emergency steering valve: to make it possible to suck oil from T in
4
case of failing pump supply.
This valve is present in any Danfoss steering unit
5. Gear set: meters the oil let to steering cylinder.
Gear set is part of any Danfoss steering unit
5 6. Pilot Relief Valve: to limit max. steering pressure (P-T)
(Full flow Relief Valve in Open Center units)
6
7. Check valve in load sense line: to avoid kick back in steering wheel
with LS Dynamic type steering units.
7 Only needed at < 250 cc/rev.
8. Check valve in pump connection: to avoid back stream in P-line

8 when steering up against a preloaded steering cylinder and to avoid
cavitation in emergency steering mode

Menu
Parts of a hydrostatic steering unit, OSPC

Menu
Parts of a hydrostatic steering unit OSPD V2

Product portfolio, Steering

Product overview: Steering Families Menu
A comprehensive range of standard and electrohydraulic steering components

and systems providing dedicated solutions for all types of applications.

Menu
Steering units, identification
Example of complete type designation:
OSPC 100 LS
Base Type Displacement Circuit Type
ccm/rev
Steering units are specified by

Master Model Code, example:
OSPC##-0100-LS##-GGGG-E-
M-A-E-1-170-225-1-4-N05-SS1-
G01-NN-DNFS-PB
Steering units are identified by

8 digit material number, example:
11193036

The complete program in steering components Menu
Displacement Max steering
Type Variants Description ccm/rev pressure, bar
OSPB ON, OR, CN, LS Steering unit with no valve functions 50-500 210
ON, OR, ORM, CN, LS,

OSPC Steering unit with valve functions 40-500 210
LSd, LSR, LSRd, LSRMd
VSP ON, OR, LSd, LSRd Steering unit with valve functions 50-400 190
VSPP LSd, LSRd Steering unit with valve functions and priority valve 50-400 190
Steering unit full drain dynamic load sensing and with

OSPF LSd 40-500 210
valve functions
Steering
ON, ORM, CN, LSd, Steering unit with 2 displacements and with valve
units OSPD 60/120-125/440 210
LSRd, LSRMd functions
Steering unit with flow amplification and with valve
OSPU LSd 60/120-125/500 210
functions
OSPL LS, LSd Steering unit for larger vehicles 520-1200 240
OSPBX LS Pilot steering unit for OSQ static 160-400 210
OSPLX LS Pilot steering unit for OSQ static 520-800 240
OSPCX LSd Pilot steering unit for OSQ dynamic 160-400 210
OSPCX CN Pilot steering unit for EHPS 50-100 125
Flow OSQA LS, LSd Flow-amplifier 640-2080 240
amplifiers OSQB LS, LSd Flow-amplifier with back pressure valve 1800-4160 240
Rated flow to P,
Type Variants Description Max pressure, bar
l/min
OLSA 40/80 LS, LSd Priority valve for flanging on steering unit 40 - 80 250
OLS 40/80 LS, LSd Priority valve for in line use 40 - 80 250
Priority OLSi 80 LS, LSd New priority valve for in line use to replace OLS 40/80 80 300
valves
OLS120 LS, LSd Priority valve for in line use 120 300
OLS 160 LS, LSd Priority valve for in line use 160 350
OLSP 80 LS, LSd Priority valve for flanging on gear pump 80 280
ON: Open center, Non reaction, OR: Open center, Reaction, ORM: Open center, Reaction Motor commutating, LS: Load Sensing, static, LSd: Load Sensing, dynamic,
LSR: Load Sensing Reaction, static, LSRd: Load Sensing Reaction, dynamic, LSRMd: Load Sensing Reaction Motor commutating, dynamic, CN: Closed center, Non reaction

Menu
Danfoss steering units: Unique features
▪ Robust shaft seal design “RotoGlyde”

secures long life and allows high
pressure on tank port:
▪ 20 bar on VSP
▪ 30 bar on VSP High Spec.
▪ 40 bar on other OSP’s
▪ Extreme low gear set noise due to

state of the art grinding technology:
direction of grinding is the same as
direction of rotation in all gear sets in
all OSP types,up to 250 cc/rev

© Blue Graphics Concept Sauer-Danfoss
Menu
Danfoss steering units: Unique features
▪ Open Center Steering units with 15

degree control band “Step 3”
spool/sleeve sets:
Low flow noise and limited
steering wheel drift.
The spool/sleeve set design secures
laminar flow P to T and symmetric
pressure build up
▪ Load Sensing Steering units with 4.

generation spool/sleeve sets:
Limited steering wheel drift
The spool/sleeve set design secures
symmetric pressure build up and
allows constant pressure on P-port

© Blue Graphics Concept Sauer-Danfoss
Product portfolio – OSPC and OSPL

Menu
Products. OSPC/L: steering units
▪ OSPC characteristics
▪ Low noise: Silent gear set due to state
of the art grinding technology. Open
Center units with ”step 3” spool sleeve
set sequres laminar flow profile
▪ Good steering controlability due to
wide control range, 15o
▪ Low steering torque
▪ High back pressure possible, up to 40
bar

© Blue Graphics Concept Sauer-Danfoss Classified as Business
Menu
OSPC ON/OR specifications

Versions: ON (Open Center non reaction),
OR (Open Center reaction, up to 200 cc)
ORM (Open Center reaction, RM technology, up to 400 cc)
Displacements: 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 125, 140, 160, 185, 200, 230,
250, 315, 370, 400 and 500 ccm/rev
Max. system pressure: 210 bar
Max. back pressure: 40 bar
Max. flow: 70 l/min.
Input torque: 0,8 – 1,8 Nm, max. 120 Nm for emergency steering
Valve functions: Check valve for manual steering standard on all versions.
OSPC: Possibility of pressure relief, shock and suction
valves. Check valve in P
Port options: BSP G½”(DIN 3852-2)
Metric, M18x1,5 (ISO 6149-1)
UNF ¾-16UNF (ISO 11926-1)
JIS-O-ring G½” (JIS 0202)
Neutral pressure drop: 3 bar at 20 l/min and at viscosity 21 cSt

Menu
OSPC/D ON/OR specifications

Survey to choose the right spool/sleeve set for open center
steering units
Standard "step III" noise reduced spool/sleeve sets for OSPB/C/D ON/OR
150N7448 ON
150N7468 OR
For 125-500 cc
150N7447 ON
150N7467 OR
For 70-400 cc
150N7446 ON
150N7466 OR Pump flow, range
For 50-200 cc l/min
150N7444 ON
150N7465 OR
For 50-140 cc
150N7441 ON
For 40-80 cc
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Updated 20130501

Menu
OSPC/D/L specifications
Neutral setting springs for OSPC/D/L
For Open Center units: only use spring kit 150-4209, 150N4035 or 150-4207 due to flow forces generated in the spool/sleeve set
For LS units: recommended standard spring kit 150-4209, medium steering torque: 150N4019, for low steering torque: 11124634

Menu
OSPC LS/LSR specifications

Versions: LS Static (Load Sensing non reaction)
LS Dynamic (Load Sensing non reaction)
LSR Dynamic (Load Sensing reaction, up to 200 cc)
LSRM Dyn.(Load Sensing reaction, RM tech., up to 400 cc)
Displacements: 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 125, 140, 160, 185, 200, 230,
250, 315, 370, 400 and 500 ccm/rev
Possibility of pressure relief, shock and
suction valves. Check valve in P and in LS (Dynamic only)
Port options: BSP G½” LS: G ¼ ” (DIN 3852-2)
Metric, M18x1,5 LS: M12x1,5 (ISO 6149-1)
UNF ¾-16UNF LS: 7/16 -20UNF (ISO 11926-1)
JIS-O-ring G½” LS: G ¼ ” (JIS 0202)

Menu
OSPL LS specifications
Versions: LS Static (Load Sensing non reaction)

Displacements: 520, 630, 800, 1000 and 1200 ccm/rev
suction valves. More valve functions and port options
possible with OVPL valve block: back pressure in T and
double servo ports
UNF ¾-16UNF LS: 7/16 -20UNF (ISO 11926-1)

Menu
OSPL LS specifications
Unique OSPL
spool/sleeve set with
deep groves causes
low pressure drop
even at high steering
flow

Menu
Products. OVPL: valve block for OSPL
▪ Valves: shock, suction, check valve

in pump line and/or back pressure
valve in tank line
▪ Pressure settings, max: 270 bar on
shock valves
▪ Ports: 5 as standard: P, T, L, R and
PP 7 as option:
P, T, 2xL, 2xR and PP

Product portfolio – VSP and VSPP

Menu
Products. VSP steering units
▪ Cost efficient alternative to OSPC,

when lower specifications can fulfill
customer demands
▪ Due to VSP production is located in
India, VSP only shall be promoted to
high volume customers in EU:
min. 2000 units/code/year
or sales ex work India
▪ Same high level of product quality and
support as on other Danfoss steering
products

Menu
VSP specifications
Versions: VSP standard

VSP High Spec.
ON (Open center Non reaction)
OR (Open center Reaction)
LSR Dynamic (Load Sensing Reaction)
Displacements: 50, 70, 80, 100, 125, 160, 200, 250, 315 and 400 ccm/rev
Max. system pressure (P-T): 170 bar (VSP standard), 190 bar (VSP High Spec.)
Max. back pressure: 20 bar (VSP standard), 30 bar (VSP High Spec.)
Input torque: 0,8 – 4 Nm, max. 120 Nm for emergency steering
Valve functions: Check valve for manual steering, check valve in P, and relief
valve is standard on all versions.
Possibility of shock and suction valves and LS check valve.
UNF ¾-16UNF LS: 7/16 -20UNF (ISO 11926-1)

Menu
Products. VSPP steering units

▪ VSPP combines a Load Sense steering
unit and priority valve into the same
envelope as previous occupied by the
steering unit only.
VSPP brings:
▪ easier installation
▪ less connectors and mating surfaces
▪ less total installed cost
▪ Due to VSPP production is located in

India, VSPP only can be promoted in
volume of:
min. 100 units/code/year
and min. 50 pcs/order

VSPP: VSP with OLS 80 priority valve integrated Menu
VSPP 100 LS, dimensions VSPP ISO Symbol

Menu
VSPP specifications
Versions: LS Dynamic (Load Sensing non reaction)
Displacements: 50, 70, 80, 100, 125, 160, 200, 250, 315 or 400 ccm/rev
Max. steering pressure, P-T: 190 bar
Max. port pressure, P and EF: 230 bar
Max. back pressure, T-port: 30 bar
Max. flow: 80 l/min
Input torque: 0,8 – 4 Nm, max. 120 Nm for emergency steering
Valve functions: Check valve for manual steering,

priority valve,
pilot pressure relief, shock and suction valves,
check valve in P and in LS
Port options: Same port size for all 5 ports, P, T, EF, L and R:
BSP G½” LS: (DIN 3852-2) or
Metric, M18x1,5 LS (ISO 6149-1) or
UNF ¾-16UNF (ISO 11926-1)

Product portfolio – OSPD and OSPU

Menu
OSPD and OSPU: steering units with

dual displacement
• OSPD, steering unit with 2 gear sets R=12m

providing precisly meetered steering flow,
other features like OSPC
• OSPU, steering unit with amplification in
normal steer mode
10 km/h
• Designed for mid size vehicles e.g.
Tractors 100-300 hp to meet EU directive
167-2013-EC:
• In case Hydraulic power supply fail, operator must be able
to enter a circle of 12 m. Example for tractors: Within 6
sec @ max force on steering wheel rim of 35 daN
-

Menu
Steering without pump supply: emergency steering
The graph can be used as a design guide to

choose the needed size of gear set size for
emergency steering.
Determine steering pressure required for the
emergency steering maneuver and draw a
horizontal line from this value for Pressure
Determine manual input torque allowed on
steering wheel and draw a vertical line from this
value for Torque
The largest steering unit displacement suitable
is the first angled line to the left of intersection.
An example is shown w. 25 bar pressure
demand, and 38 Nm allowed manual input
torque:
OSP 60, OSP 70 or OSP 80 are suitable to build
up enough pressure for emergency steering.
Any OSPD with these gear set combinations will
be suitable: OSPD 60/xxx, OSPD 70/xxx or
OSPD 80/xxx
Any OSPU with these combination of
displacements also be suitable:
OSPU 60/xxx, OSPU 70/xxx or OSPU 80/xxx

Menu
OSPD, steering unit with 2 gear wheel sets
▪ The OSPD has 2 rotary meters (gear

wheel sets). In the case of no pump
supply only one rotary meter is
active for emergency steering. In
normal steering situations both
rotary meters are active.
▪ With OSPD even heavy vehicles can
in many cases fulfil legislations and
be steered without the emergency
steering pump.
▪ Ratio between normal steering
displacement and emergency
steering displacement from factor 2
up to 7.
▪ Other features identical to OSPC

Menu
Position of shifting valve

with no pressure on P:
only the gear set next to
housing meters oil to the
steering cylinder:
emergency steer mode
Position of shifting valve

with pressure P-T > 5
bar: both gear sets
meters oil to the steering
cylinder: normal steer
mode

Menu
OSPD Open center Non reaction w. fixed pump
OSPD displacement will be

high for pressure P-T >5
bars, and low for pressure
P-T <3 bar.
Therefore OSPD ON has 6
bar spring in P-check
valve

Menu
OSPD Load Sensing non reaction w. fixed pump
OSPD displacement will be

high for pressure P-T >5
bars, and low for pressure
P-T <3 bar.
Normally stand by
pressure will > 5 bar

Menu

OSPD LS
OSPD characteristics
▪ Variants: ON, OR, ORM, LS, LSRM
▪ Manual steering without emergency
pump, possible even on larger
vehicles
▪ Max. ratio normal/manual steering:
7:1 (60/430 ccm/rev)
▪ Displacement range 60/120 to
125/440 ccm/rev
▪ Other features identical to OSPC
▪ Also available with external shift of
displacement

Menu
OSPD with external shift:

• Low displacement to achieve more
precise and comfortable steering at
high driving speed e.g. at road drive
• High displacement in working
conditions: fewer turns on steering
wheel lock to lock, which will
increase productivity
OSPD LS w. external shift: C-port

to be applied with pilot pressure >
5 bar (above T-pressure) to make
switch to full displacement

Menu
OSPD specifications
Versions: ON (Open Center non reaction),
OR (Open Center reaction, up to 200 cc)
ORM (Open Center reaction, RM technology, up to 400 cc)
LS Static (Load Sensing non reaction)
LSR Dynamic (Load Sensing reaction, up to 200 cc)
LSRM Dyn.(Load Sensing reaction, RM tech., up to 400 cc)
Displacements: 60/120 – 125/440 ccm/rev
gear set 1: 60, 70, 80, 100 or 125 ccm/rev
gear set 2: 60, 70, 80, 100, 125, 160, 185, 200, 250, 315 or 370 ccm/rev
suction valves. Check valve in P and in LS (Dynamic only)
UNF ¾-16UNF LS: 7/16 -20UNF (ISO 11926-1)

Menu
OSPU, steering unit with amplification
OSPU characteristics:
◼Variants: LS, with fixed or
progressive amplification
◼Manual steering without
emergency pump, possible
even on larger vehicles
◼With fixed amplification:
Displacement independent of
speed of the steering wheel
speed
◼Ratios, normal/manual
steering with fixed
amplification: 2:1, 3:1 or 4:1

Menu
OSPU function
Total Displacement
D=GWS x2, x3, x4
Flow through Gear

Flow through
Amplification Orifice OSPU Wheel Set “GWS”:
60,70,80,100,125
“Au” cc/rev
cc/rev
Example:
GWS: 80 cc/rev (Emergency)
Amplification factor: 4
Displ ”D”: 320 cc/rev
OSPU 80/320
P T

Menu
OSPU function
Torque compensator valve
assures constant
amplification: in case
pressure drop may occur
LS copy valve
across the gear set e.g.
implemented to copy
due to dirt particles
internal Static LS signal
entering the steering unit,
into dynamic LS signal
the torque compensator
at priority valve.
valve will generate the
Prevents kick back and
same pressure drop for
avoid affecting
the amplified oil.
amplification factor
Amplification bleed Au opens

in parallel with A1.
In this way Au is providing
amplified steering flow

Menu

Menu

Menu
OSPU Specifications
Versions: LS Dynamic (Load Sensing non reaction)

Displacements: Gear set: 60, 70, 80, 100 or 125 ccm/rev
Amplification w. fixed or variable ratio: 2:1, 3:1 or 4:1
Smallest OSPU: OSPU 60/120
Largest OSPU: OSPU 125/500
Valve functions: All OSPU have the following valves build in as standard:
Check valve for manual steering, P-check valve, check
valve function in LS, suction valves, torque compensator
valve (to control amplification)
OSPU can have build in the following valves (option):
Pressure relief valve, shock valves
Port options: BSP G½”. LS: G ¼ ” (DIN 3852-2)
Metric, M18x1,5. LS: M12x1,5 (ISO 6149-1)
UNF ¾-16UNF. LS: 7/16 -20UNF (ISO 11926-1)

Menu
Applications, OSPC/OSPF/OSPD/OSPU/OSPL

Menu
Applications, OSPC/OSPF/OSPD/OSPU/OSPL

Product portfolio – OLS
Menu
Products. OLS priority valves
Common supplier for steering units and priority

valves brings best perforamnce: OSP + OLS are CF
designed to match.
▪ Characteristics of Danfoss priority valve type OLS
LS
▪ Wide program: for OSP, in-line or pump
mount
▪ Wide flow range: 40- 320 lpm
P EF
▪ OLS 160 and OLS 320 available with pilot pressure
relief valve
▪ Low pressure drop
▪ Low noise

Menu
Ports
P = pump
(PP)
CF = controlled flow (for steering)
EF = excess flow (for working hydraulic)
LS = load sensing
A B C
PP = pilot pressure (this port is only relevant for
OLS with external PP)
CF
Orifices
A = PP orifice(I: internal, E: external)
B = dynamic orifice (dynamic version only. LS
In static: no connection from CF to LS)
C = LS orifce. For ”Dynamic” versions, LS orifice
in general must be larger than dynamic orifice EF
P
to avoid too high stand by pressure

Menu
OLS Priority valve static OLS Priority valve dynamic

P
LS
EF CF
Menu
OLS priority valves, internal versus external PP
Internal PP External PP
Internal PP, rule of External PP will

thump: OK when compensate for
distance CF of priority pressure drop in CF
valve to P of steering of priority valve to
unit is less than P of steering unit
4 meters.

OLSi new priority valve
OLSi 80 is based on OLSP parts, but another housing for in line assemblies.
OLSi 80 has been introduced for a dedicated OEM customer November 2021
and will be available for general sales from late 2022.
OLSi 80 will replace OLS 40/80. All new customer projects from mid 2022
requesting in-line priority valve for up to 80 l/min should be based on OLSi 80.
Advantages with OLSi 80 compared to OLS 40/80:

• More robust concept bringing more stability in the hydraulic systems, proven in OLSP
• No noise, proven in OLSP
• More compact design requesting less space in application

OLSi new priority valve
Box dimensions OLSi 80 versus OLS 40/80
OLSi 80 OLS 40/80

Menu
Descissions to be taken for choosing the right priority valve
Application Request OLS types suitable

OSP mount OLSA
Mounting form In Line OLS/OLSi In Line
Pump mount OLSP
40, 80 l/min OLSA, OLSP, OLS 40/80 In Line,
Max pump flow OLSi 80 in line
120, 160, 320 l/min OLS 120/160/320 In Line
LS relief valve Requested in OLS OLS 160/320 In Line
Rules of thumb:
Distance OSP – OLS <5 m: use internal PP Any OLS
>5 m: use external PP Any OLS In Line
Static for OSPB, OSPC, OSPD, OSPL Any OLS with Static spool.
Spring 4, 7, 10 bar
Dynamic for OSPB, OSPC, OSPD, OSPL: Any OLS with Dynamic spool.
dynamic flow level 0,6-0,9 l/min Dynamic orifice Ø0,6-0,8 mm.
Spring (4) 7, 10 (12) bar
System type
Dynamic for OSPC/OSPD ”high dynamic”, Any OLS with Dynamic spool.
dynamic flow level 1,0-1,3 l/min Dynamic orifice Ø0,9-1,0 mm.
Spring 7, 10 (12) bar

Menu
Dynamic flow, Spring, bar

L/min
4 5,5 7 10 12
0,6 0,40 0,47 0,53 0,63 0,69

0,7 0,54 0,63 0,72 0,86 0,94
Dynamic orifice,
Ø mm 0,8 0,71 0,83 0,94 1,13 1,23
0,9 0,91 1,07 1,20 1,44 1,58
1 1,12 1,32 1,49 1,78 1,95
Calculations based on: Qdyn=Aorifice*sqrt(dpspring/k). k = 2,2

Recommended dynamic flow level for Danfoss LS Dynamic steering units:
- OSPC, OSPD and OSPL low dynamic/standard: 0,6-0,9 l/min
- OSPC and OSPD high dynamic: 1,0-1,3 l/min
- OSPF and OSPU: 1,1-1,5 l/min
Base proposal for OLS specifications for :
-OSPC, OSPD and OSPL low dynamic/standard:
Ødyn = 0,7 mm, ØLS = 0,8 or 0,9 mm, ØPP = 0,8 mm, spring = 7 bar
-OSPC and OSPD high dynamic, OSPU and OSPF:
Ødyn = 0,9 mm, ØLS = 1,0 or 1,2 mm, ØPP = 0,8 mm, spring = 7 bar

Menu
Danfoss priority valves, technical data
Rated flow Max pressure,

Types Variants Description
to P, lpm bar
Priority valve for flanging on steering
OLSA 40 LS, LSd 40 250
unit
Priority valve for flanging on steering
OLSA 80 LS, LSd 80 250
unit
OLSi 80 LS, LSd Priority valve for in line use 80 300
Priority valve for in line use and for
OLS 320 LS, LSd 320 300
flanging on EHPS
OLSP 80 LS, LSd Priority valve for flanging on gear pump 80 280
PVSP/M LSd Priority valve module in PVG group 160 350
LS: Load Sensing, static, LSd: Load Sensing, dynamic

Product portfolio – OSQ

Menu
Products. OSQ flow amplifiers
OSQ characteristics:
• Amplifier valve for large
vehicles, steering flow up to
400 L/min
◼Variants: OSQA and OSQB
◼Valve functions: pilot pressure
relief, priority, shock, suction
(OSQA and OSQB) and back
pressure valve in tank line
(OSQB only)

Menu
Products. OSQ flow amplifiers
Flow in pump and steer lines at

100 rpm steering wheel speed:
Steering cylinder Displacement of OSQ steering system:

400 l/min = Displacement of Steering unit
x factor of OSQ
80 l/min Example: OSPLX 800 LS + OSQB 5
OSQ OSPLX
Displacement = 800 x 5 = 4000 ccm/rev
400 l/min Flow from OSP and from OSQ is metered

into steering cylinder,
OSP is loaded with full steering pressure

Menu
Valves in OSQ and their purpose
1 1. Shock valves: to limit the max pressure on servo side

e.g. to reduce external impact on the steered wheels
2 2. Suction valves: to avoid cavitation in steering cylinder

circuit
3. Directional spool w. centering springs and damping

orifices: Controls cylinder movement, springs keep spool in
center when steering wheel is untouched, orifices dampen
3 movement of spool
4. Amplification spool w. outer spool, inner spool, check
valve function and springs. The spools create same
pressure drop on pilot flow from steering unit and on
amplifeid flow from priority valve, and so the amplification
ratio will be constant.
The springs and check valve function avoid kick back
4
5. Priority valve: controls stand by pressure and flow and
pressure for steering. This priority valve has external PP
6
6. Pilot relief valve: to limit max. steering pressure (P-T)
5
7. Back pressure valve (OSQB only): Increases capacity
across suction valves. Parallel check valve makes suction
7
from tank possible

Menu
Products. OSQ flow amplifiers, parts
Back pressure valve (OSQB only)

T
H
T
Shock valves and suction valves
CL CR
Directional spool
R HP L
P
Amplification spool
Priority valve
EF HP
LS
PP
Pilot relief valve

Menu
Function: OSQ in neutral. Gear pump in use
Priority valve

Menu
Function: OSQ, steering Left
Directional valve
Outer spool of
amplification valve
Inner spool of
amplification valve
Priority valve

Menu
Function: OSQ, steering Left
T
H
T
Steering cylinder
CL CR
R HP
P
L
OSPLX
From OSP
OSQB 5
From HP
EF HP
LS
PP

Menu
Products. OSQ flow amplifier, function
Yellow: Not amplified,

from OSP
Green: Amplified,
directly from priority valve

Menu
OSQ Specifications
Versions: OSQA: Standard fitting port type

OSQB: SAE porting type for HP, HT, CL, CR and EF,
back pressure valve
LS Static (Load Sensing non reaction)
System displacement: From 640 up to 4160 ccm/rev
Amplification factor 4, 5, 8 or 10
Metered flow: Size of gear wheel set x amplification factor x steering rpm
Max steering flow: 240 L/min for OSQA, 400 L/min for OSQB
Valve functions: Pilot pressure relief, priority, shock, suction (OSQA and
OSQB) and/or back pressure valve in tank line (OSQB))
Port options: BSP (DIN 3852-2)
UNF (ISO 11926-1)
OSQB: HP, EF: 1 ¼ in SAE flange. HT, CL, CR: 1 in SAE flange

Menu
Dimensioning OSQ system
Needed information from customer:

- Cylinder volume, V (ccm)
- Number of turns on steering wheel, lock to lock, i
- Max. pump flow to HP port of OSQ, Qp (l/min)
- Porting/Housing, valve setting and painting
- Internal or External PP, rule of thumb: use External PP
with distance between OSP and OSQ > 4 meter
Calculate:
- Displacement of system, Vvc =V/i (ccm/rev)
Choose:
- Amplification factor of OSQ, f
(Higher f gives lower displacement of OSP > less flow
to OSP > less pressure drop in system)
Calculate:
- Displacement of OSP, Vv= Vvc/f (ccm/rev)
Search for appropriate OSP X and OSQ in

eCat – electronic catalogue.
If not available, fill in form from TI 11007611

Menu
OSQ applications

Menu
OSQ exploded view

How to choose steering concept
Menu
When a hydrostatic system is chosen, the next step involves deciding whether
the hydraulic steering system is to be
• Open Center steering system or

• Load Sensing steering system
Normally this will be a pure customer decision.
In case of customer choise for Load Sensing, recommend ”dynamic”.

For OSPC and OSPD go for ”4. generation LS dynamic”

Menu
▪ Features of open center steering

systems with Danfoss open center
steering units
▪ Immediate reaction of the steered wheels,
once the steering wheel begins to turn.
▪ High steering comfort maintained
throughout significant changes of steering
load and pump oil flow.
▪ Damping characteristics when system-
conditioned pressure variations occur.
▪ Simple system build-up with stable steering
under all conditions.
▪ Be aware: Choose OSP with the correct flow

limits of the spool/sleeve. It must match the
pump flow range for the vehicle in question,
see page 52.

Menu
Features of Load Sensing Dynamic steering

systems with Danfoss LS Dynamic
steering units: OSP LS Dynamic
▪ High steering speed possible even at idle:
pump capacity is normally not limited by
steering flow demand
▪ Dynamic flow causes quick reaction time
when starting to steer (no hard spot)
▪ Check valve in P-line and in LS-line of
steering unit avoids kick back at the steering
wheel
▪ Steering unit always has the same
temperature as the oil in the entire system,
therefore no risk of sticking spool/sleeve set
in housing even when starting up under very
cold conditions

Menu
In steering systems with high risk of negative steering forces

and customer has chosen Load Sensing system,
OSPF steering unit type can be the right choice.
OSPF brings additional these advantages compared to OSPC
LS Dynamic
▪ OSPF is extremely good in controlling negative steering
forces. In case of articulated steering system and one
differential cylinder, OSPF may be the only Load Sensing
steering unit on the market, which can “control” such a
steering system meaning eliminating any fear of cavitation
▪ Higher max. steering speed, limited only by the capacity of
the pump and the pressure setting
However OSPF often requires more fine tuning work of the

priority valve to avoid oscillations in the steering system. In
any case avoid combination of OSPF with flanged on OLSA
priority valve. By experiences it has been verified that
additional volume in LS signal line can increase system
stability

Menu
When specifying a steering system, there are these

steering unit options:
Reaction or Non-reaction:
• Reaction: with reaction type steering units,
self alignment can take place. Self alignment forces
only can be generated by an Ackerman front steer axle
with the right geometry for providing this feature.
• Non-reaction: with non-reaction steering units no
self alignment can take place. The steered wheels
will keep its position, when the driver is not touching
the steering wheel.
For vehicles demanding steering unit displacement >200
ccm/rev and “Reaction”, Danfoss recommends
RM-technology reaction type steering units.
Only this patented version will bring sufficient reaction
performance to these rather large vehicles.

Choice of Steering unit/valve type, rough guide line Menu
System type System conditions Preferred Steering unit/valve
Open center Low noise, P≤210 bar, Vv≤500cc OSPC ON

Reaction, Vv≤200cc OSPC OR
Reaction, Vv>200cc/high demand Reaction OSPC ORM
Dual displacement, Vv≤440cc OSPD ON/OR/ORM
Load Sensing P≤210 bar, Vv≤500cc OSPC LS

Extreme response OSPC LS High Dynamic
High level of negative forces on steer cylinder OSPF LS
Reaction, Vv≤200cc OSPC LSR
Reaction, Vv>200cc/high demand Reaction OSPC LSRM
Dual displacement, Vv≤500cc OSPU LS
Dual displacement, Vv≤440cc OSPD LS/LSR/LSRM
P≤240 bar, 500<Vv≤1200cc OSPL LS

P≤240 bar, (640)/1000≤Vv≤4160cc OSQA/B
Vv = ccm/rev.
ON: Open center, Non reaction, OR: Open center, Reaction, LS: Load Sensing - dynamic, LSR: Load Sensing Reaction - dynamic, RM: increased Reaction performance (ORM and LSRM)

How to size a steering system –
programs for sizing

Menu
How to size a steering system – programs for sizing

Menu
How to size a steering system – programs for sizing
Program for articulated steering:

How to choose steering components:
Use electronic catalogue eCat Light
Menu
How to choose steering components:
Use electronic catalogue eCat Light

How to request a steering component
that is not present in eCat Light

Menu
How to request a steering component that is not
present in eCat
Danfoss can in general raise new codes of
steering products based on existing sub-
components, if the potential will be min. 100
pcs/year!
Look in TI for steering components for the types
in question:
Specification table for non catalogue numbers,
and fill in the the form and send to your
Danfoss SAE contact.
Look in:
https://www.danfoss.com/en/products/steering/dps/steering-
components-and-systems/hydraulic-steering/steering-units/#tab-
overview
and use litterature numbers:

• BC00000099 for OSPB, OSPC, OSPD Open
Center, OSPB Closed Center (is the example
on this page)
• BC00000009 for OSPB, OSPC, OSPF, OSPD,
OSPL Load Sensing, OLS priority valves, OSQ
Flow Amplifiers
• L1313806 for OSPU
However, we are in a transition phase to

introduce Master Model Codes for steering, see
next slide

Menu
How to request a steering component that is not
present in PST (Product Selection Tool)
Steering units are specified by

Master Model Code, example:
OSPC##-0100-LS##-GGGG-E-
M-A-E-1-170-225-1-4-N05-SS1-
G01-NN-DNFS-PB
Steering units are identified by

8 digit material number, example:
11193036
Configurator, Link

How to tune a steering system
Menu
Introduction
On the following pages you will find a tuning guide for the most important
characteristic features for Open Center and Load Sensing dynamic steering
systems.
The tuning procedures are divided like this:
”Goal” – The goal of your tuning work

”Means” – The parameter most relevant for tuning
”Parts” – The actual parts within the steering system and how they could be
modified
”Trade-off” – The compromised feature potentially resulting from tuning

Menu
Open center system - Steering wheel speed

Menu
Open center reaction system – Self alignment

Menu
Open center system – Input torque

Menu
Open center system – Input torque

Menu
Open center system – Energy consumption

Menu
LS dynamic system - Steering wheel speed

Menu
LS dynamic system - Responsiveness

Menu
LS dynamic system - Runaway

Menu
LS dynamic system – Kick back

Menu
LS Reaction dynamic system – Self alignement

Menu
LS dynamic system – Hissing noise
*4th generation high dynamic version spool/sleeve set

Menu
LS dynamic system – Input torque

Menu
LS dynamic system – Input torque

Menu
LS dynamic system – Interaction from other hydraulics

Menu
LS dynamic system – Energy consumption

Steering Unit – Steering Column
Assembly advices

Menu
Background
• From time to time customers see problems on assembly line with:

• Motoring/self steering – meaning steering wheel continues to
rotate after operator has stopped turning the steering wheel
• Hard steering
• When Danfoss Power Solutions receive such units as claim units,

the results of analysis are mostly no failure found
• Therefore it is important to focus on the process of assembling
steering unit and steering column.

Menu
Steering units – steering columns,
assembly advices
• Demands on steering columns.

• To ensure proper steering performance, the following demands
must be fulfilled:

Menu
The steering column must not generate any axial or radial
forces on the input shaft (spool) of the steering unit
• Axial force Fasc from steering column on spool will • Radial force Frsc from steering column on spool
cause friction in steering unit due to reactive force will cause friction in steering unit due to reactive
Fadp from distributor plate on spool. force Frsl from sleeve.
• The operator will feel increased steering torque. • The operator will feel motoring/self steering due
to neutral setting spring may not be able to
overcome friction between spool and sleeve.

Menu
Steering units – steering columns, assembly advices
• To ensure proper steering performance, the following demands

must be fulfilled (continued):
• The steering column must only be provided with one bearing (in
the top). This bearing must have some “free play” to be able to
obtain misalignment between column splines and steering unit
splines
• The length of the steering column, from foot plate to top
bearing, should be 75 mm or longer
• The welded journal must be coaxial with the spigot hole of the
column inside tolerances stated on slide 6
• To ensure proper alignment the steering column foot plate must
include a centering recess Ø44,5 +0,1/-0 mm

Menu
To ensure proper steering performance, the following
dimensions for steering column end must be fulfilled:

Menu
Steering units – steering columns, assembly advices
• To the right are stated

dimensions for the steering
unit female spline shaft .

Menu
For information: details on spool/input shaft of OSP
• Centring of spigot
flange (Ø44,4 mm)
is within 0,1 mm
diameter compared
to bore for
spool/sleeve set.
• So total centring of
splines profile
compared to spigot
(Ø44,4 mm) shall
be within +/- 0,375
mm

Menu
Advices on correct assembly column on steering unit

Menu
Advices on correct assembly column on steering unit
Max tightening torque for fixing screws (M10x1,5 mm) is 30 Nm.

Cross tightening (1, 2, 3, and 4) is recommended to avoid slanting assembly

Steering units – steering columns:
test of assembly
• Steering for the first time after installation: Start engine and
start steering slowly from one end-lock to the other for a
minimum of five cycles to bleed out all air and to ensure that the
difference in temperature between steering unit and hydraulic oil
is within 10°C (50°F).
• Stop engine: Turn steering wheel to one side of control band: app.
15° until steering feels hard. Loosen your handle on the steering
wheel. The steering wheel must be able to rotate by itself app.
the 15° back to neutral position by help of the forces from the
neutral spring package. Repeat this test by steering to the other
side and check for self positioning.
• If the steering wheel will not move proper back to neutral
position, loosen the 4 screws assembling steering column and
steering unit. If neutral setting ability then will be obtainable,
check up dimensions of steering column end facing steering unit.

Literature on Steering Components

Menu
Literature on steering components, Technical Information
OSPE Steering Valve
SASA Sensor
520L0521
Ehi Steering valve
BC152886484183
BC00000066
BC00000099
BC00000356
BC152886483962en
BC00000379
BC358854914884
Literature, link
BC00000222

Menu
Literature on steering components, Service Manuals
OSQA/OSQB
520L0066
L1506577
L1004933
AX00000234
HN.21.ZA.52
AX00000127
L1310051
AX000000350
AX319758618681 L1412234

For your attention, thank you very
much!

Steering - Presentation For Training - 2022 April

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Steering - Presentation For Training - 2022 April

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Business Unit Steering,

Training Steering Fundamentals

Introduction/ Product portfolio Steering Literature

Business unit Overview How to choose Literature steering

OSPD, OSPU How to choose

2| Steering, basic training Classified as Business

3| Steering, basic training Classified as Business

▪ Danfoss has been developing and

4| Steering, basic training Classified as Business

5| Steering, basic training Classified as Business

6| Steering, basic training Classified as Business

8| Steering, basic training Classified as Business

◼ Number (n) of steering wheel

revolutions lock to lock, typical: 3 to 5

◼ Steering torque level, typical: 1 to 3 Nm

Calculate Steering unit displacement, Vv:

Vv (ccm/rev) = Cylinder stroke volume (V, ccm) /n

9| Steering, basic training Classified as Business

ON: Open center Non reaction Steering cylinder

ON = Open center Non reaction.

10 | Steering, basic training Classified as Business

OR: Open center Reaction Steering cylinder

Using dedicated gear pump for Pump

11 | Steering, basic training Classified as Business

LS: Load Sensing static

Load Sensing non reaction. EF

With ”static” priority valve:

12 | Steering, basic training Classified as Business

LS: Load Sensing dynamic

Load Sensing non reaction. EF

With ”dynamic” priority valve:

13 | Steering, basic training Classified as Business

14 | Steering, basic training Classified as Business

15 | Steering, basic training Classified as Business

Function: Open center Non reaction in neutral

16 | Steering, basic training Classified as Business

Function: Open center Non reaction right turn

17 | Steering, basic training Classified as Business

OSP Open center Non reaction fixed pump

18 | Steering, basic training Classified as Business

Function: Open center Reaction in neutral

19 | Steering, basic training Classified as Business

Function: Open center Reaction right turn

20 | Steering, basic training Classified as Business

OSP Open center Reaction fixed pump

21 | Steering, basic training Classified as Business

Function: Load Sensing static non reaction in neutral

22 | Steering, basic training Classified as Business

Function: Load Sensing static non reaction turn right

23 | Steering, basic training Classified as Business

OSP Load Sensing static non reaction fixed pump

24 | Steering, basic training Classified as Business

Function: Load Sensing dynamic non reaction in neutral.

25 | Steering, basic training Classified as Business

Function: Load Sensing dynamic non reaction turn right.

Check valve in LS prevents

26 | Steering, basic training Classified as Business

OSP Load Sensing dynamic non reaction fixed pump

27 | Steering, basic training Classified as Business

OSPF Load Sensing dynamic non reaction fixed pump

28 | Steering, basic training Classified as Business

29 | Steering, basic training MENU

Improved reaction steering unit RM steering technology