i

PREFACE OF FSSAT 2021

The Third International Conference on Food Security and Sustainable Agriculture in the Tropics
(IC-FSSAT 2021 was held in Makassar, Indonesia on January 8-9, 2021. IC-FSSAT 2021 is
dedicated to address issues related to strategies and innovation in agriculture to ensure food
security during pandemic covid-19 and to mitigate disaster impacts. The conference hosted by
the Faculty of Agriculture and Publication Management Centre (PMC), Universitas Hasanuddin.

Food security and sustainable agriculture still become a global issue in the tropic. The major goal
and feature of the conference were to promote knowledge, science, and technology as well as to
address issues in food security and sustainable agriculture in the tropics, by bringing together
researchers, scientists, practitioners, and scholars in the respected fields. Invited speakers from
Japan, Philippines, Taiwan, Malaysia, and Indonesia. Their presence indicates the concern and
role of the researchers, scientists, and practitioners which are significant in keeping food security
and sustainable agriculture.

These proceedings present selected papers submitted to the conference by academics and
researchers from universities and research institutes. All papers were subjected to rigorous peer-
review by conference committee members to ensure their compliance to meet the required
standard for qualified scientific publication. This volume presents recent researches in the field
of Food Security and Sustainable Agriculture in the Tropic covering various related areas: Crop
Production and Environment, Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Biodiversity and Climate
Change, Integrated Pest and Disease Management, Genetically Modified Foods, Food Safety,
and Product Development, Geospatial Agriculture, Smart Farming and Agricultural Engineering,
Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development, Adapting Agricultural Production to Covid-19,
and Agricultural Institutions Development.

We would like to appreciate all authors who have contributed to these proceedings, the
conference committee, speakers, attendees, organizing committee, and sponsors who have made
the IC-FSSAT 3rd 2021 a success. We wish the conference will have a significant contribution to
field of strategies and innovation in agriculture to ensure food security during new normal and to
mitigate disaster impacts. We are also expecting that these conference proceedings contributes in
looking at a new paradigm for food security and sustainable agriculture, especially in the tropic.

Regards,
Dr. Asmita Ahmad, S.T., M. Si.

Chair of 3rd IC-FSSAT

i
 CONFERENCE PROGRAM SCHEDULE
Day 1 : Friday, 8 January 2021
Room meeting ID : 915 2623 9216
Room meeting password : FSSAT2021

TIME (WITA) AGENDA

REGISTRATION AND OPENING
07.00 – 08.00 Registration on zoom meeting
08.00 – 08.05 Opening Ceremony
08.05 – 08.10 The National Anthem of Indonesia
08.10 – 08.20 Mars of Hasanuddin University
Opening Praying :
08.20 – 08.30
Rahmansyah Dermawan, S.P., M.Si.
Chairman Report :
08.30 – 08.40
Dr. Asmita Ahmad, S.T., M. Si.
Welcome Speech and opening by Dean of Agricultural Faculty of
08.40 – 08.50 Hasanuddin University :
Prof. Dr. Sc.Agr. Ir. Baharuddin
KEYNOTE SPEECH
Opening Session by the moderator :
08.55 – 09.00
Prof. Dr. Ir. Yunus Musa, M.Sc
Keynote Speech by Rector of Hasanuddin University :
09.00 – 09.10
Prof. Dr. Dwia Aries Tina Pulubuhu, MA
Keynote Speech by Ministry of Agriculture of Indonesia
09.10 – 09.25
Dr. Syahrul Yasin Limpo, SH., MH
INVITED SPEECH
st
1 Invited Speech.
09.30 – 09.45 Topic: Agriculture Institutions Development
Dr. Ir. Bayu Krisnamukthi, M.Si (IPB University)
2nd Invited Speech.
Topic: Geospatial Agriculture
09.45. – 10.00
Prof. Ir. Sumbangan Baja, M.Phil, Ph,D (Agrotechnology Program
Study, Hasanuddin University, Indonesia)
3rd Invited Speech.
10.00 – 10.15 Topic: Genetically Modified Food, Food Safety, and Product Development
Prof. Takuya Sugahara (Ehime University, Japan)
4th Invited Speech.
10.15 – 10.30 Topic: Biodiversity and Climate Change
Dr. Ravindra C Joshi (Philippines)
5th Invited Speech.
10.30 – 10.45 Topic: Integrated Pest and Disease Management
Dr. Lau Wei Hong (Faculty of Agriculture, University Putra Malaysia)
6th Invited Speech.
10.45 – 11.00
Topic: Crop Production and Environment

ii
 Mr. Moh, Guo Jhong (International Cooperation and Development
Fund (ICDF), Taipei Economic and Trade Office (TETO), Taiwan
11.00 – 11.20 Discussion
11.20 – 11.30 Closing

iii
 PRESENTATION SCHEDULE
Day 1: Friday, 8 January 2021
ROOM AND TOPIC
TIME
(WITA) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
(Topic 1) (Topic 2) (Topic 3) (Topic 4) (Topic 4) (Topic 4) (Topic 5) (Topic 6) (Topic 7) (Topic 8) (Topic 9) (Topic 10)
13.55 – 14.00 Opening Opening Opening Opening Opening Opening Opening Opening Opening Opening Opening Opening
14.00 – 14.10 ABS-3 ABS-25 ABS-258 ABS-256 ABS-270 ABS-43 ABS-15 ABS-5 ABS-260 ABS-17 ABS-2 ABS-1
14.10 – 14.20 ABS-96 ABS-288 ABS-259 ABS-257 ABS-271 ABS-300 ABS-20 ABS-12 ABS-262 ABS-275 ABS-279 ABS-266
14.20 – 14.30 ABS-113 ABS-33 ABS-8 ABS-4 ABS-272 ABS-301 ABS-28 ABS-14 ABS-263 ABS-278 ABS-284 ABS-277
14.30 – 14.40 ABS-155 ABS-34 ABS-21 ABS-261 ABS-18 ABS-302 ABS-298 ABS-16 ABS-269 ABS-281 ABS-293 ABS-280
14.40 – 14.50 ABS-168 ABS-50 ABS-286 ABS-6 ABS-274 ABS-47 ABS-51 ABS-273 ABS-276 ABS-30 ABS-121 ABS-282
14.50 – 15.00 ABS-179 ABS-58 ABS-35 ABS-7 ABS-23 ABS-53 ABS-62 ABS-19 ABS-27 ABS-40 ABS-163 ABS-32
15.00 – 15.10 ABS-182 ABS-59 ABS-291 ABS-264 ABS-24 ABS-71 ABS-63 ABS-22 ABS-285 ABS-296 ABS-190 ABS-290
15.10 – 15.20 ABS-201 ABS-105 ABS-38 ABS-9 ABS-26 ABS-73 ABS-67 ABS-283 ABS-36 ABS-299 ABS-194 ABS-37
15.20 – 15.30 ABS-227 ABS-139 ABS-294 ABS-265 ABS-29 ABS-75 ABS-82 ABS-289 ABS-297 ABS-44 ABS-195 ABS-56
15.30 – 15.40 ABS-228 ABS-170 ABS-45 ABS-10 ABS-287 ABS-77 ABS-83 ABS-295 ABS-46 ABS-48 ABS-203 ABS-70
Closing
15.40 – 15.50 ABS-229 ABS-177 ABS-55 ABS-11 ABS-292 ABS-81 ABS-306 ABS-183 ABS-49
session 1
ABS-212 ABS-303
Closing
15.50 – 16.00 ABS-232 ABS-225 ABS-57 ABS-267 ABS-39 ABS-85
session 1
ABS-187 ABS-52 ABS-223 ABS-352
Closing
16.00 – 16.10 ABS-249 Closing ABS-60 ABS-268 ABS-41 ABS-97 ABS-213 ABS-304 ABS-230
session 1
Closing
16.10 – 16.20 ABS-255 ABS-61 ABS-13 ABS-42 ABS-98 ABS-217
session 1
ABS-248

16.20 – 16.30 ABS-365 ABS-91 ABS-305 ABS-307 ABS-309 ABS-237 ABS-308

Closing Closing Closing
16.30 – 16.40 ABS-366
session 1
ABS-334
session 1 session 1
Closing Closing

Day 2: Saturday, 9 January 2021

ROOM AND TOPIC
TIME
(WITA) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
(Topic 10) (Topic 10) (Topic 3) (Topic 4) (Topic 4) (Topic 4) (Topic 5) (Topic 8) (Topic 7) (Topic 7) (Topic 7) (Topic 10)
08.55 – 09.00 Opening Opening Opening Opening Opening Opening Opening Opening Opening Opening Opening Opening
09.00 – 09.10 ABS-122 ABS-167 ABS-101 ABS-104 ABS-160 ABS-205 ABS-86 ABS-64 ABS-54 ABS-106 ABS-164 ABS-76
09.10 – 09.20 ABS-123 ABS-171 ABS-116 ABS-107 ABS-165 ABS-206 ABS-93 ABS-103 ABS-65 ABS-108 ABS-173 ABS-79
09.20 – 09.30 ABS-134 ABS-172 ABS-141 ABS-111 ABS-169 ABS-207 ABS-131 ABS-109 ABS-66 ABS-117 ABS-176 ABS-84
09.30 – 09.40 ABS-135 ABS-175 ABS-152 ABS-114 ABS-174 ABS-215 ABS-137 ABS-112 ABS-68 ABS-120 ABS-178 ABS-87
09.40 – 09.50 ABS-136 ABS-186 ABS-161 ABS-124 ABS-180 ABS-220 ABS-143 ABS-133 ABS-69 ABS-125 ABS-189 ABS-89
09.50 – 10.00 ABS-145 ABS-200 ABS-166 ABS-129 ABS-181 ABS-221 ABS-193 ABS-140 ABS-72 ABS-126 ABS-197 ABS-90
10.00 – 10.10 ABS-146 ABS-209 ABS-198 ABS-138 ABS-184 ABS-222 ABS-196 ABS-159 ABS-74 ABS-127 ABS-202 ABS-92
10.10 – 10.20 ABS-147 ABS-211 ABS-214 ABS-142 ABS-185 ABS-224 ABS-208 ABS-218 ABS-78 ABS-128 ABS-226 ABS-95
10.20 – 10.30 ABS-151 ABS-234 ABS-216 ABS-144 ABS-188 ABS-233 ABS-219 ABS-242 ABS-80 ABS-130 ABS-240 ABS-99
10.30 – 10.40 ABS-154 ABS-235 ABS-238 ABS-148 ABS-191 ABS-236 ABS-241 Closing ABS-88 ABS-132 ABS-243 ABS-102
10.40 – 10.50 ABS-156 ABS-246 ABS-239 ABS-149 ABS-192 ABS-244 Closing ABS-94 ABS-157 ABS-253 ABS-110
10.50 – 11.00 ABS-162 ABS-251 ABS-247 ABS-150 ABS-199 ABS-245 ABS-100 ABS-158 Closing ABS-115
11.00 – 11.10 Closing Closing ABS-250 ABS-153 ABS-204 ABS-254 Closing Closing ABS-118
11.10 – 11.20 ABS-252 ABS-364 ABS-310 ABS-311 ABS-119
11.20 – 11.30 Closing Closing Closing Closing Closing

Notes of topic
Topic 1 : Adapting Agricultural Production to Covid-19 Topic 8 : Plant Breeding and Biotechnology
Topic 2 : Agricultural Institutions Development Topic 9 : Smart Farming and Agricultural Engineering
Topic 3 : Biodiversity and Climate Change Topic 10 : Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development
Topic 4 : Crop Production and Environment
Topic 5 : Genetically Modified Foods, Food Safety, and
Product Development
Topic 6 : Geospatial Agriculture
Topic 7 : Integrated Pest and Disease Management

iv
 MEETING ID AND PASSWORD OF PRESENTATION ROOM
ID MODERATOR
ROOM PASSWORD
MEETING 8 January 9 January
1 731 374 1457 FSSAT1 Arfina Sukmawati Arifin, STP. MSi Dr. A. Nixia Tenriawaru, S.P.,M.Si.
2 291 253 4138 FSSAT2 Ir. Muhammad Arsyad, S.P., M.Si, Ph.D Ni Made Viantika Sulianderi, S.P., M.Agb.
3 419 776 5655 FSSAT3 Dr. Hari Iswoyo, SP.,M.Sc. Achmad Amiruddin, S.P., M.Si
4 267 342 6203 FSSAT4 Pipi Diansari, SE. M.Si., Ph.D Sartika Laban, S.P., MP., Ph.D
5 372 226 3244 FSSAT5 Dr. Ir. Novaty Eny Dungga, MP. Dr. Ir. Burhanuddin Rasyid, M.Sc
6 945 886 9170 FSSAT6 Prof. Dr. Ir. Rahim Darma, MS. Pipi Diansari, SE. M.Si., Ph.D
7 984 315 8615 FSSAT7 Dr. rer.nat. Ir. Zainal, STP., M.Food.Tech. Andi Dirpan, STP., M.Si., Ph.D
8 710 991 9630 FSSAT8 Sartika Laban, S.P., MP., Ph.D Prof. Dr. Ir. Tutik Kuswinanti, M.Sc.
9 898 817 9654 FSSAT9 Prof. Dr. Ir. Ade Rosmana, M.Sc. Muhammad Junaid, S.P.,MP., Ph.D
10 221 642 1472 FSSAT10 Ir. Rinaldi Sjahril, M.Agr.,Ph.D. Dr. Hari Iswoyo, SP.,M.Sc.
11 739 382 8074 FSSAT11 Dr. rer.nat. Olly S. Hutabarat, S.TP., M.Si Ir. Rinaldi Sjahril, M.Agr.,Ph.D.
12 395 988 2803 FSSAT12 Ni Made Viantika Sulianderi, S.P., M.Agb. Haerani, STP.,M.Eng.Sc., Ph.D

LINK WHATSHAPP GROUP

ROOM LINK WHATSHAPP GROUP

1 http://bit.ly/Room1FSSAT
2 http://bit.ly/Room2FSSAT
3 http://bit.ly/Room3FSSAT
4 http://bit.ly/Room4FSSAT
5 http://bit.ly/Room5FSSAT
6 http://bit.ly/Room6FSSAT
7 http://bit.ly/Room7FSSAT
8 http://bit.ly/Room8FSSAT
9 http://bit.ly/Room9FSSAT
10 http://bit.ly/Room10FSSAT
11 http://bit.ly/Room11FSSAT
12 http://bit.ly/Room12FSSAT

v
 Table of Contents
PREFACE OF FSSAT 2021 i
CONFERENCE PROGRAM SCHEDULE ii
PRESENTATION SCHEDULE iv
MEETING ID AND PASSWORD OF PRESENTATION ROOM v
LINK WHATSHAPP GROUP v
[ABS-3] The potential of moringa oleifera as immunobooster against covid 19:a review 1
Muhammad Fajri (a) 1
[ABS-96] The integration model of sweet potato-pigs in the papua highlands 2
Alberth Soplani (a), Siska Tirajoh (a), Batsyeba Tiro (a), Ghalih Dominanto (a) and Merlin K Rumbarar
(a) 2

[ABS-113] Use of yard land as a source of nutrition and family economy during covid-19
pandemic 3
Hasrianti Silondae (a*), Meivie Lintang (a) 3
[ABS-155] Impact of pandemic covid 19 on vegetable farmers in North Sumatera 4
Moral Abadi Girsang (a), Imelda Marpaung (a), Dorkas Parhusip (a), Lermansius Haloho (a), Sarman
P. Tobing (a), Palmarum Nainggola (a) 4
[ABS-168] Farming system of food crop keep going to produce on a time climate change and
pandemic covid-19 in Timor - Indonesia 5
Yohanes Leki Seran (a), Helena da Silva (a), Nelson Karyo (a) 5

[ABS-179] The impact of covid-19 pandemic on the performance of companies selling

agricultural products (a case study on toko ayu in Panjer, Denpasar) 6
Ni Wayan Suryathi (a), Ni Made Delly Resiani (b), I Gde Agoes Caskara Surya Putra (c) 6

[ABS-182] Potential utilization of non-timber forest products as a drug source in the protected
forest area of Enrekang district 7
Husnah Latifah (a*), Muh.Daud (b), Rusmi AR (c) 7
[ABS-201] A review of agricultural production specially the food industry during pandemic
covid-19 8
A B R Indah(a*), D P Sahar(b), M T Afifudin (b), N Ikasari (a), Mulyadi (a) 8
[ABS-227] The contribution of housewives in timber and non-timber harvesting activities
during the covid-19 9

vi
 Muhammad Dassir (a*), Nurdin Dalya (a), Christine Esye Semoin (a) 9
[ABS-228] The socio-economic characteristics on pine (Pinus merkusii, sp.) sap tappers
income in pandemic covid-19 situation 10
A. Mujetahid (a*), Muhammad Dassir (a), Iswara Gautama (a), Nurdin Dalya (a), Andi Vika Faradiba
Muin (a), Risna (a) 10

[ABS-229] The teak harvesting technique in community forest during the covid- 19 11
A. Mujetahid (a*), Iswara Gautama (a), Nurdin Dalya (a) 11

[ABS-232] The cost of harvesting process in teak community forest during the covid-19 12
Iswara Gautama (a*), A. Mujetahid (a), Nurdin Dalya (a), Andi Vika Faradiba Muin (a) 12
[ABS-249] The impact of covid-19 on supply chain: case study on agricultural production 13
DP Sahar (a*), MT Afifudin (a), ABR Indah (b) 13
[ABS-255] A review of food logistic strategic during covid-19 14
MT Afifudin (a*), DP Sahar (a), ABR Indah (b) 14

[ABS-365] Total number of sacrificial animal slaughter in Batu City, East Java: before and
during the COVID-19 pandemic 15
E Saputro (a,c), D Rosidi (a), L E Radiatia, Warsito (b) 15
[ABS-366] The Impact of Covid-19 on the slaughtering number of sacrificial animals in East
Java, Indonesia 16
E Saputro (a,c), D Rosidi (a), L E Radiatia, Warsito (b) 16

[ABS-25] Community empowerment to improving community economy through training on

the development of taro 17
Andi Dirpan (a*), Muh. Yuslim Patawari (b), Agus Bintara Birawida (c) 17
[ABS-288] Effect of cocoa bark compost and liquid organic fertilizer (POC) of gamal leaves
(Gliricidia sepium) on the growth of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) 18
Asmiaty Sahur (a), Nasaruddin (b), and Alifia Alfadilah Syam (b) 18

[ABS-33] Designing business models for rural agroindustry to increase the added value of
coconut 19
Suci Wulandari (a) Jelfina C. Alouw (b) 19

[ABS-34] Strengthening women’s entrepreneurship capabilities in palm-cattle integrated

farming system 20
Suci Wulandari (a*), Renato Villano (b) 20

vii
[ABS-50] Kalibening avocado farming scenario in Kebondalem village, Semarang regency,
Central Java 21
Siti Sehat Tan (a), Rita Indrasti (b), Afrizal Malik (c) 21

[ABS-58] The role of cooperatives in marketing arabica coffee (case study of benteng alla
farmers’ cooperative in Benteng Alla Utara village) 22
Nurbaya Busthanul (a*), Idris Summase (a), Tamzil Ibrahim (a), Rusli M. Rukka (a), Abdul Rahim (a),
Heliawati (a) 22

[ABS-59] Institutional strengthening of rice seed based on community in supporting food

security (study case of thousand seed self-reliance-villages in Central Java) 23
Cahyati Setiani (a), Indrie Ambarsari (a), Munir Eti Wulanjari (a) 23
[ABS-105] Strengthening competitiveness of agricultural products through reactivation of
agribusiness sub-terminal in Pulang Pisau, Central Kalimantan 24
Iwan Setiajie Anugrah (a*) and Yovita Anggita Dewi (b) 24
[ABS-139] Adaptation test of off-season shallots varieties as efforts to increase production 25
Wahid (a*), Edwen Waas (a), Risma Fira Sunet (a), Agung Budi Santoso (b), Ismatul Hidayah (c) 25
[ABS-170] Rules, reciprocity and livelihood outcome: A case of nomadic duck herder in South
Sulawesi 26
Darmawan Salman (a*), Kasmiyati Kasim (b), Asmita Ahmad (c) 26
[ABS-177] Physiological responses of growth and production of baby corn (Zea mays
Saccharata L.) due to application of agricultural waste based compost and NPK fertilizer 27
Syamsir Pante Sukun (a), Amir Yassi (b), Muh. Farid (b), Ifayanti Ridwan (b) 27

[ABS-225] Farmer institutional and feasibility study on red chili pepper in kepung district,
Kediri regency, East Java province 28
Rita Indrasti (a*), Siti Sehat Tan (a), Jefny B. Markus Rawung (b), Neng Risris Sudolar (c) 28
[ABS-258] Development of Bulu Sipong Park (PT Semen Tonasa) to support the preservation
of the diversity of ecosystem karst 29
Fajri Ansari (a*), Retno Prayudyaningsih (a) Albert Donatus Mangopang (a) 29

[ABS-259] Bird diversity and structure in different landcover in mining concession 30

Andi Siady Hamzah (a*), Siti Halimah Larekeng (a), Nasri (a), Munajat Nursaputra (a), Andi Subhan
Mustari (b), Abdur Rahman Arif (c), Aris Prio Ambodo (d), Yohan Lawang (d), Andri Ardiansyah (d)
30
[ABS-8] Different water content and soil amendment effect on water use efficiency in maize
growth 31

viii
 Burhanuddin Rasyid (a), Christanto Lopulisa (a), Hazairin Subair (a), Masria (b) 31
[ABS-21] Comparative analysis of water requirements in different agricultural systems in
karst areas of Maros district 32
M Abbas (a), B Rasyid (b), M Achmad (c) 32

[ABS-286] Policy analysis of the adaptation of makassar city’s government for climate change
and global warming 33
Wardiman Dg. Sipato (a), Kahar Mustari (b), Kaimuddin (b), Elsa Damayanti (a) 33

[ABS-35] Screening and identification cellulolytic fungi at rhizosfer of safira taro plant 34
Eka Wisdawati (a*,b), Tutik Kuswinanti (c), Ade Rosmana (c), Andi Nasruddin (c) 34
[ABS-291] Application of humic subtances and bottom ash compounds in improving soil
quality in lime stone post-mining land 35
Musfira M (a), M Jayadi (b), A Ahmad (b) 35

[ABS-38] Composition and nutritional content of honey trigona sp in the tikep forest
management unit (kph) north moluccas 36
Aqshan Shadikin Nurdin(a*), Emy Saelan (b), Iin Nurdiyanti Nurdin (c), Dustan (d) 36

[ABS-294] Dinamic of soil properties under an exotic pine (Pinus sp.) species growing in
Bantaeng Regency 37
Mukrimin Mukrimin(a), Muh. Ichsan Ghifary(a), Fathul Anshari(a), Gusmiaty Gusmiaty(a), Muh.
Restu(a), 37
[ABS-45] Characterization of mango (Mangifera indica L.) blungko from Rembang, Central
Java 38
Intan Gilang Cempaka (a*), Afrizal Malik (b), Arif Susila (a) 38
[ABS-55] Estimated carbon stock of various mangrove zonation in Marsegu Island. West
Seram. Maluku. 39
Irwanto Irwanto (a,b), Samuel Arung Paembonan (c), Ngakan Putu Oka(c), Risma Illa Maulany (c) 39

[ABS-57] Utilization of liquid organic fertilizers for banana stems and coconut husk to
increase potassium (K) nutrients in alfisols and corn 40
R Riyandani (a), B Rasyid (a), and S Baja (a) 40

[ABS-60] Agro-morphological variation of pigmented rice landraces from South Sulawesi

grown in a temperate glasshouse of New Zealand 41
Arini Putri Hanifa (a,b), James Millner (a), Craig McGill (a), Rinaldi Sjahril (c) 41

[ABS-61] The daytime indoor and outdoor temperatures of subterranean termite coptotermes
curvignathus holmgren (isoptera: rhinotermitidae) tunnel 42

ix
 Arinana (a*), Ilmina Philippines (b), Yonny Koesmaryono (b), Sulaeha Sulaeha (c), Yani Maharani (d),
Murni Indarwatmi (e) 42
[ABS-91] Molecular marker for thermoregulation of pasundan cattle in different ambient
temperature 43
A. Mushawwir (a), J. Arifin (a), R. Permana (a) and N. Suwarno (a) 43

[ABS-101] Diversity of banana germplasm based on morphological characters in Gorontalo

Province 44
Aisyah Ahmad (a), Erwin Najamuddin (a), M. Fitrah Irawana Hannan (a), Nanang Buri (a), Patta Sija
(a) 44

[ABS-116] Qualitative testing of lignocellulolytic enzyme production in fungi isolated from

sugarcane filter cake waste 45
Rahmad (a), Laode Asrul (b), Tutik Kuswinanti (b*), Yunus Musa (b), Nurmiaty (a) 45
[ABS-141] Diversity and association of mycorrhizae arbuscular fungi (AMF) in landslide-
impacted area 46
Retno Prayudyaningsih (a*), Nursyamsi (a), C.Andriyani Prasetyawati (a), Heri Suryanto (a) 46
[ABS-152] Green house gases emission of livestock sector in East Kalimantan using Tier 1
2019 Refinement 47
Muh Dimas Arifin (a*), Sionita Gloriana Gunawan (a), Muhammad Amin (a) 47

[ABS-161] Capturing community behavior towards fruit bats conservation in South Sulawesi
48
Maulany R.I.(a*), Gautama R.D. (b), Dassir M.(a), Nasri, N.(a) 48
[ABS-166] Ability of Rhizosphere Fungi Isolated from Swietenia mahagoni litter to produce
organic matter-degradating Enzymes 49
Mukrimin Mukrimin (a), Gusmiaty Gusmiaty (a), and Herlin Patandean (a) 49

[ABS-198] Ecological study of sago palm (Metroxylon sagu Rottb ver molat (Becc)) in the
natural habitat at Malili District East Luwu South Sulawesi 50
Hadijah Azis Karim (a) 50

[ABS-214] Identification of drought level using normalized difference latent heat index in the
South Coast of South Sulawesi Province 51
Munajat Nursaputra(a*), Septian Perdana Putra Pahar(b), Chairil A (a) 51

[ABS-216] Impact of climate and land use change on the erosion of the Kelara Watershed 52
Aril Limbong(a), Roland Barkey(a), Anwar Umar(a), Syamsu Rijal(a), Munajat Nursaputra(a), Chairil
A(a) 52

x
[ABS-238] An assessment of high carbon stock and high conservation value approaches in
mining area 53
Siti Halimah Larekeng(a), Munajat Nursaputra(b*), Nasri(c), Andi Siady Hamzah(c), Andi Subhan
Mustari(d), Aris Prio Ambodo(e), Yohan Lawang(e), Andri Ardiansyah(e) 53
[ABS-239] Mapping of energy demand and potential of biofuel development in Kelara
Watershed 54
Delwin Ipang Kartopa(a), Roland Barkey(a), Andang Suryana Soma(b), Syamsu Rijal(a), Munajat
Nursaputra(a), Chairil A(a) 54
[ABS-247] Degradation of carbon stock (C) in calculation analysis of greenhouse gas
emissions in cocoa plantations In South Sulawesi 55
K Mustari (a*) L Asrul (a) I F Sultan (b) 55
[ABS-250] Potential and regeneration of tree species used as roosting habitat by sulawesi fruit
bats acerodon celebensis in Jenetaesa, Maros Regency 56
Rusyda Khalida Ruslan(a), Risma Illa Maulany(a)*, Nasri Nasri(a), Putu Oka Ngakan(a) 56

[ABS-252] Study of climate and land use change as considerations for sustainable
agricultural in the Saddang Watershed 57
Syamsu Rijal(a), Munajat Nursaputra(a), Chairil A(a), Try Ardiansah(a), Anwar Umar(a), Delwin
Ipang Kartopa(a) 57

[ABS-256] Improvement of nickel mine pure soil quality using micorizes and palm oil
compose empty bands on the growth of calopogonium mucunoides 58
Boby Dirgantara Hanafie Putra (a), Rismaneswati (a) and Muh Jayadi (a) 58
[ABS-257] The bacterial mixture effect of azotobacter and azospirrilum on nitrogen content
and harvest date of upland red rice cultivar 59
Muhidin (a), Elkawakib Syamun (b), Kaimuddin (b), Yunus Musa (b), Gusti Ray Sadimantara (a), Sitti
Leomo (a), Dewi Nurhayati Yusuf (a), and Tresjia Corina Rakian (a) 59
[ABS-4] Soil classification in karstic lowland of baraja (BRA) land system in
Mangarabombang Subdistrict Takalar Regency 60
N R Maricar (a), C Lopulisa (a), A Ahmad (a) 60
[ABS-261] The risk of arabica coffee farming in Enrekang, South of Sulawesi 61
Syahruni Thamrin (a*), Junaedi (a) and Sulaeha Sulaeha (b) 61

[ABS-6] Analysis of soil characteristics and classification from order category to family in
Makale District 62
Ainun Wulandari (a), Christianto Lopulisa (a*), Asmita Ahmad (a) 62
[ABS-7] Analyst of dryland potential 63

xi
 M Tegar Ilham Taufan (a), Risma Nesawaty (a*), Muh Nathan (a) 63
[ABS-264] Application of biofertilizer on growth and yield of sweet corn (Zea mays saccharata
sturt) on upland 64
Lelya Pramudyani(a*), Abdul Sabur(a), Muhammad Yasin(a), Joko Purnomo(b) 64

[ABS-9] Minerals of parent material as an indicator of soil fertility 65

K Nasir (a), M Jayadi (a), A Ahmad (a) 65

[ABS-265] Yield-related traits performances and genetic variability of some red rice (Oryza
sativa L.) promising lines grown on the paddy field 66
GR Sadimantara (a), E Febrianti (a), S Leomo (a) and Muhidin (a) 66
[ABS-10] Application of compost from restaurant food waste as land restoration materials 67
Dirman (a), SA Lias (a), and B Rasyid (a) 67

[ABS-11] Correlation of organic matter and abundance of soil fauna in rice fields,
Bantimurung Subdistrict, Maros Regency 68
D P Sari (a), A Ahmad (a), M Jayadi (a) 68
[ABS-267] Effect of liquid organic fertilizer derived from moringa on growth of upland rice
lines crosses from SE Sulawesi 69
Wa Nasira (a), Robiatul Adawiyah (a), Muhidin, Gusti Ray Sadimantara (a) and Dewi Nurhayati Yusuf
(a) 69
[ABS-268] The poductivity and economic value of sweet potato (Ipomea batatas) planted
intercropping with satoimo taro (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott var. Antiquorum) with
various levels of compost 70
Masyhur Syafiuddin (a*), Muh. Jayadi (a), Burhanuddin Rasyid (a), Nurbaya Busthanul (b) 70
[ABS-13] Study conservation soil rice fields in Bantimurung Subdistric Maros Regency 71
D E Safitri (a), A Ahmad (a), and M Nathan (a) 71
[ABS-270] The poductivity and economic value of sweet corn (Zea mays convar. saccharata)
planted intercropping with satoimo taro (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott var. Antiquorum)
with various levels of compost 72
Muh. Jayadi (a), Masyhur Syafiuddin (a*), Nurbaya Busthanul (b), Burhanuddin Rasyid (a) 72

[ABS-271] Effectiveness of Chromolaena odorata as organic manure in promoting plant

nutrient uptake and soil nutrient status on mustard rhizosphere 73
F Fikrinda (a*), N Akhmad (a), WM Ikhsan (a) 73

[ABS-272] The growth performance of dwarf banana cavendis from SE Sulawesi under
natural shading 74

xii
 Muhidin (a), Andi Nurmas (a), Gusti Ray Sadimantara (a), Sitti Leomo (a), Dewi Nurhayati Yusuf (a)
and Gusti Ayu Kade Sutariati (a) 74
[ABS-18] Classification of soil in pepper planting area (Piper nigrum l.) in East Luwu
Regency 75
Asrida (a), C Lopulisa (a), and Rismaneswati (a) 75

[ABS-274] The effectiveness of endo-rhizo bacterial isolated from areca nut rizosphere (Areca
cathecu L.) in breaking dormancy and improvement of seed vigor 76
Gusti Ayu Kade Sutariati (a), Muhidin (a), Nini Mila Rahni (a), La Mudi (a), Ria Risqi Maharani (a)
and Gusti Ngurah Adhi Wibawa (a) 76

[ABS-23] Utilization of banana stem and coconut fiber as source base of liquid bio-fertilizer to
improve soil quality and plant growth 77
Burhanuddin Rasyid (a), Muhammad Jayadi (a), and Sitti Rahma (a) 77
[ABS-24] Study of nutrition concentration and water concentration in hydroponics with Deep
Film Technique (DFT) system in Central Sulawesi 78
I Ketut Suwitra (a), Anugerah Fitri Amalia (a), Jonny Firdaus (a), Andi Dalapati (a), Nur Fadhilah (a)
78

[ABS-26] Application of lime and liquid organic fertelizer to the growth and production of
satoimo taro (Colocasia esculenta L.schott var. Antiquorum) 79
D Sartika (a), M Syafiuddin (a), A Ahmad (a) 79

[ABS-29] The seed quality of Indonesian cowpea local varieties after storage 80
M. Muchlish Adie (a), Ayda Krisnawati (a), Yuliantoro Baliadi (a), Eriyanto Yusnawan (a), Andy
Wijanarko (a) 80

[ABS-287] Application of coffee husk compose and em4 concentration on the growth and
yield of chili pepper 81
Adnan (a), Basri AB (b), Abdul Azis (b) and Idawanni (b) 81

[ABS-292] Physiological responses of clove seedlings applied with different microbial

consortium in the rhizosphere and phyllosphere 82
Nana Rezkiana (a), Yunus Musa (b), Nasaruddin (b), Ifayanti Ridwan (b), and Kurniawan (a) 82
[ABS-39] The potential estimation of soil fertility based mineral types in Papalang areas,
Mamuju Regency, West Sulawesi 83
Ida Suryani (a*) and Christianto Lopulisa (b) 83
[ABS-41] The influence of scope and leaves on the growth of pepper in seedings 84
Azri (a*), Muhammad Hatta (a) 84

xiii
[ABS-42] Study of technology packages to increase chili production in South Sulawesi 85
Maintang (a), Asriyanti Ilyas (a), Nurlaila (a) and M. Basir Nappu (a) 85

[ABS-43] Growth and results test of adaptive superior rice varieties through integrated
components in the rains of Central Java Rain 86
Arif Susila (a), Sodiq Jauhari (a), Renie Oelviani (a), Endah Winarni (a) dan Wahyudi Haryanto (a) 86

[ABS-300] Effect of planting spaces and fertilization package on the productivity and prolific
level of Maize 87
Muh. Farid BDR (a), Rusnadi Padjung (a), Nasaruddin (a), Ifayanti Ridwan (a) 87

[ABS-301] Hydroulic conductivity and soil cracking in vertisol after puddling at different soil
depths 88
Mona Ayu Santi (a), Sikstus Gusli (a), Sartika Laban (a) 88
[ABS-302] The morphological characteristic and classification of inceptisol soil in few land at
Mamuju Regency, West Sulawesi 89
Ida Suryani (a*) and Maimuna Nontji (b) 89

[ABS-47] Off-Season cultivation of several shallot varieties in dry land, Lampung 90

Nila Wardani (a), Nina Mulyanti (a), Dewi Rumbaina M (a), Agung Lasmono (a) and Rismawita
Sinaga (a) 90

[ABS-53] The effect of compost application on soil fertility parameters and cocoa productivity
91
Muthmainnah (a*), Laode Asrul (a), Rusnadi Padjung (a), Kurniawan (a), Utari Eka Setiani (a) 91
[ABS-71] Climate, land area, and fertilizer distribution policy supports to Lampung Strategic
Food Production 92
Reli Hevrizen (a), Meidaliyantisyah (a) 92

[ABS-73] Influence of media and natural seedlings height on growth and survival of eha
(Castanopsis buruanaMiq.) 93
Husna (a), Basrudin (a), Faisal Danu Tuheteru (a), Asrianti Arif (a), Albasri (a) 93

[ABS-75] Farming analysis of soy bean cultivation under coconut plantation in North
Sulawesi 94
Conny N Manoppo (a), Yusuf (b), and Muchamad Yusron (c) 94
[ABS-77] Nutrient uptake of corn plant as affected by addition of rock dust that have been
treated by heating and humic materials 95
Syofia Asridawati (a), Febrianti Halim (a) 95

xiv
[ABS-81] The utilization of sawdust and chicken cage fertilizer forgrowth cover crop as a
conservation efforts in proper mine lands 96
IE Halim (a), Z Chairuddin (a*), and DA Rampisella (a) 96

[ABS-85] Chemical characteristics of nickel mine soil after addition of organic material 97
N Chasanah (a), SA Lias (a), and DA Rampisela (a) 97

[ABS-97] Effect of sucrosin biostimulant on early growth of sugarcane (Saccharum

officinarum L.) var. CM 2012 98
Zahraeni Kumalawati (a), Kafrawi (b), Sri Mulyani (b), Irwan Nur (b), and Andi Rusdayani Amin (c)
98

[ABS-98] The effect of liquid organic fertilizer and phosphate solubilising bacteria basillus sp
on potato growth (Solanum tuberosum) in andisol soil 99
AE Marpaung (a*), H Hanum (b), M Sembiring (b) 99

[ABS-104] Growth performance of several promising local upland rice (Oryza sativa L.)
genotypes of Southeast Sulawesi 100
Teguh Wijayanto (a), Ramdayani (a), Arditya, Asniah (a), and La Ode Afa (a) 100
[ABS-107] Comparative evaluation of cocoa seeds germination in local variety gantarangkeke
bantaeng (GTB) with MCC 01 variety using seed priming treatment 101
Muhammad Yusril Hardiansyah (a*), Azmi Nur Karimah Amas (a), Yunus Musa (a), Abdul Mollah
Jaya (a) 101

[ABS-111] Assessment of cultivation technology package to increase double production of red

chili in Karo 102
Sortha Simatupang (a), Imelda Marpaung (a),Sarman Tobing (a) and Khadijah El Ramija (a) 102

[ABS-114] Land suitability evaluation for cocoa in West Sulawesi using parametric approach
103
R Padjung (a), Harli (b), L. Asrul (a), Baja S. (c), R. Neswati (c) 103

[ABS-124] Type and application time of ameliorant on soybean growth in tidal land 104
Danner Sagala (a), Eka Suzanna (a), Prihanani (a) 104

[ABS-129] Propagation of valuable trees Castanopsis buruana Miq using stem cuttings 105
Asrianti Arif (a*), Husna (a), Faisal Danu Tuheteru (a), Basrudin (a), Albasri (a), Irdika Mansur (b) 105

[ABS-138] Productivity of new superior varieties in increasing rice productivity in irrigation

lands, Jambi Province 106
Julistia Bobihoe (a), Jumakir (a), Endrizal (a) 106

xv
[ABS-142] Effects of manure types to the growth and yield of sweet sorghum (Sorghum
bicolor L.) in dry land 107
Samanhudi (a*), Puji Harsono (b), Eka Handayanta (c), Rofandi Hartanto (d), Ahmad Yunus (a),
Kurnia Prabawati (e) 107
[ABS-144] Asessment of chili double fold production technology in Gorontalo, Indonesia 108
Jaka Sumarno (a), Fatmah Sari Indah Hiola (a), Aryandi Kurnia Rahman (a) 108

[ABS-148] The effect of fertilizer and variety on maize production in two tillage systems in
North Sumatera 109
Setia Sari Br. Girsang (a), Erpina Delina Manurung (a), Dorkas Parhusip (a) 109

[ABS-149] Study of ^Turiman Jale 2-7^ system production in acid dry agroecosystem in
Lampung Region 110
Slameto (a), Meidaliyantisyah (a), Wahyu Wibawa (a) 110

[ABS-150] Response of shallots varieties to mulch treatment and the different planting season
in the lowlands 111
Aidi Noor (a*), Rina Dirgahayu Ningsih (a), Lelya Pramudyani (a), Abdul Sabur (a) and Susi
Lesmayati (a) 111
[ABS-153] Growth and productivity of rice by jajar legowo (double row) planting method in
freshwater swampland 112
Rina D.Ningsih (a), Aidi Noor (a), Agus Hasbianto (a), Nurmili Yuliani (a), and Khairatun Napisah (a)
112
[ABS-160] Vegetative phase of pepper plants in combination of compost and biochar with
addition of mycorrhizae 113
Harsani (a*), Ruslan (a), Iradhatullah Rahim (a), Rasbawati (b) 113

[ABS-165] The effect of biochar corn cobs and rice husks on the chemical properties of
vertisol from Kupang Regency of East Nusa Tenggara. 114
Masria (a), Maria Klara Salli (a), Basri Y. Tang (a), dan Magfira Syarifuddin (a) 114
[ABS-169] Effectivity of pseudomonas fluorescens TBT214 in increasing soybean seed quality
in different seed vigor 115
La Mudi (a), Muhidin (a), Gusti Ayu Kade Sutariati (a), Tresjia Corina Rakian (a), Sitti Leomo (a) and
Dewi Nurhayati Yusuf (a) 115

[ABS-174] Effect of sugarcane by-product (filter cake) and zeolite application on the growth
of sugarcane nursery plant 116
Burhanuddin Rasyid (a), Muhammad Jayadi (a), and Nunu Tamrin (a) 116

xvi
[ABS-180] Potential of supporting agricultural by product as large ruminant feed in Bireun
Regency 117
Yenni Yusriani (a), Yenni Nur Anggraeny (b), Nora Usrina (c), , Yayu Zurriyati (d), Salfina (e), Eni
Siti Rohaeni (f) 117
[ABS-181] The distribution and adoption of rice varieties in Lampung Province 118
DR Mustikawati (a) dan FY Adriyani (a*) 118

[ABS-184] Formulation of improvement of farmer cultivation technology package for multiple

production of red chili in Karo District 119
Sarman Tobing (a), Tumpal Sipahutar (a) , Sortha Simatupang (a) 119

[ABS-185] Gilgai microtopography of soil from carbonate rocks 120

Asmita Ahmad (a), Christianto Lopulisa (a) 120

[ABS-188] The calcium application to control yellow latex in mangosteen fruit (Garcinia
mangostana) 121
Silvia Yuniarti (a), Sri Lestari (a), Maureen CH (a), Resmayeti Purba (a) 121
[ABS-191] Calcification of acid soil and the interaction with soil pH and corn productivity 122
Riri Rizki Chairiyah (a), Khadijah EL Ramija (a), and Siti Fatimah Batubara (a) 122

[ABS-192] Viability and abnormality of spermatozoa sexing albumin gradient with diluents
and antioxidant treatment 123
Dian Ratnawati (a) and Fredyansyah Firdaus (a) 123
[ABS-199] Scenarios of sago plants of each clump based on the crop water requirements in
three stages of growth in dry land 124
Yumna (a), Sugeng Prijono (b), Zaenal Kusuma (b), Soemarno (b) 124
[ABS-204] Improvement of suboptimal soil productivity to growth and production of peanut
(Arachis hypogea) 125
L M Rachman (a*), F Hazra (a), D P T Baskoro (a), R Riskawati (b), S K Putri (b) 125

[ABS-205] Soil management development of suboptimal soil to improve the growth and
production of potato (Solanum tuberosum) 126
L M Rachman (a*), F Hazra (a), D P T Baskoro (a), R Riskawati (b), S K Putri (b) 126

[ABS-206] Improvement of chemical properties of nickel mine soil and growth of mucuna sp.
with additions biochar empty sign of palm oil and CaCO3 127
Kadar Wahid (a), Rismaneswati (a) and Muh Jayadi (a) 127

[ABS-207] Optimizing yields of salak sari intan fruit in Bintan by fruit thinning 128

xvii
 Annisa Dhienar Alifia (a*), Melli Fitriani (a), Karlina Syahruddin (b), Faisal Kurnia Harahap (a),
Sugeng Widodo (a) 128
[ABS-215] Organic pak choi production in aquaponics system 129
Ratih (a), Dea Ekaputri Andraini (a) 129

[ABS-220] Efficiency of nitrogen and seed use by giving urea fertilizer and different amounts
of seeds in rice growth (Oryza sativa L.) ponelo varieties 130
M Darmawan (a*) , R Sjahril (b), M Riadi(c), Erse D. Pertiwi (d), and A Khairun M (e) 130

[ABS-221] Application of irrigation and mulch on growth and productivity of satoimo taro
plants (Colocasia esculanta L.schott var.Antiquorum) 131
D Wulandari F (a), M Syafiuddin (a), M Jayadi (a) 131

[ABS-222] Effect of mulch use and watering frequency on growth and production of chili
(Capsicum annuun L) 132
Idaryani Dj (a), Warda (a), Suriany (a), and W. Halil (a) 132

[ABS-224] Adaptation of new superior varieties of rice to seawater intruded land in

Mootilango Village, Duhiadaa District, Pohuwato Regency, Gorontalo Province 133
Muhammad Fitrah Irawan Hannan (a), Nanang Buri (a), Teddy Wahyana Saleh (a) 133

[ABS-233] A harvesting efficiency of community teak forest 134

A. Mujetahid (a*), Nurdin Dalya (a) 134
[ABS-236] The potential for increasing the productivity of local rice genetic resources in
various agroecosystems: a review 135
Yustisia (a*), R. Bambang Heryanto (b), Suparwoto (a), Atekan (a) 135

[ABS-244] Adaptation test for shallot varieties in Kutai Kartanegara Regency, East
Kalimantan Province 136
Yossita Fiana (a*) and Muhamad Hidayanto (a) 136
[ABS-245] Ccarbohydrates partitioning and light use efficiency of sweet sorghum 137
Herniwati (a,b), Eko Widaryanto (a), Budi Waluyo (a), Karuniawan Puji Wicaksono (a) and Marcia
Pabendon (c) 137

[ABS-254] Urea effectivity as herbicide adjuvant to control weed in minimum tillage system
138
Suarna Samai (a), Muhidin (a) 138

[ABS-305] Soil quality significance of goat pens positioned on the hilltop of sloped cocoa
farms in Polman-Sulawesi 139

xviii
 S. Gusli (a,b*), H. Annisaprakasa (a), R. Riskawati (a), S. Sumeni (a), R. Neswati (a), D. Useng (b), H.
Ali (b), S. Hamid (b) and S Samsuar (b) 139
[ABS-307] Effect of Ashing temperature on potassium nutrient content of various organic
matter 140
Andi Rahayu Anwar (a*), Ambo Ala (b), Tutik Kuswinanti (c), Elkawakib Syam’un (b) 140

[ABS-309] Flow cytometry analysis on colchicine induced polyploid of Katokkon peppers

(Capsicum chinense Jacq.) 141
Rinaldi Sjahril (a*), Muh. Riadi (b), Ifayanti Ridwan (c), Kasmiati (d), Irma Jamaluddin (a), Nurhaya J.
Panga (e) 141

[ABS-310] Cluster heatmap for screening the drought tolerant rice through hydroponic
culture 142
Andi Isti Sakinah (a), Yunus Musa (b*), Muh Farid (b), Muhammad Fuad Anshori (b) 142
[ABS-311] Radiosensitivity of post-gamma irradiated indigofera zollingeriana 143
P I Khaerani (a), Y Musa (b*), R Sjahril (b) and M Nadir (c) 143

[ABS-312] Response of melon (Cucumis melo L.) to the application of bio-slurry fertilizer and
trichoderma harzianum 144
Fachirah Ulfa (a*), Kahar Mustari (a), Sitti Nur Asyifah Rifai (a) 144
[ABS-313] Strategy and adaptation impact of climate change in rice plant management in
Soppeng Regency 145
Winarno (a), Kahar Mustari (a), and Amir Yassi (a) 145
[ABS-314] Development of System of Rice Intensification and Legowo planting systems on
'Rendengan' planting season using various rice varieties in different equatorial rainfall types
in South Sulawesi 146
Amir Yassi (a*), Kahar Mustari (a), and Tigin Dariati (a) 146

[ABS-315] Effect of climatic factors on the attack level of Coffee fruit borer (Hypothenemus
hampei Ferr) on smallholder coffee plantation in Tana Toraja 147
Kaimuddin (a*), Kahar Mustari (a) and Firsya Natasya (a) 147

[ABS-316] Effect of the application of chicken manure compost tea on the growth of certified
cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) seedlings 148
Nurlina Kasim (a*), Kahar Mustari (a), and Ines Iswari (a) 148

[ABS-317] Quality improvement of chilli seedlings (Capsicum annuum L.) through seed
immersion in Supergib solution 149
Syatrianty A. Syaiful (a*), Feranita Haring (a), Rahmania Rizki Syawlia (a) 149

xix
[ABS-318] Invigoration of Katokkon chili (Capsicum chinense Jacq.) seeds using halopriming
and duration of immersion 150
Katriani Mantja (a*), Rahmansyah Dermawan (a), Adheyfa Dytheana (a) 150

[ABS-319] Response of three maize varieties (Zea mays L.) on different nitrogen dosages 151
Muh. Riadi (a), A Rusdayani Amin (a), Fira Novianti (a) 151

[ABS-320] Growth and production of Toraja Arabica coffee on different types of planting
management 152
Rusnadi Padjung (a*), Ambo Ala (a) dan Alfa Maijesesary Turu’ Allo (a) 152

[ABS-321] Growth and production of Paddy Rice (Oryza sativa L.) on different planting
systems and types of liquid organic fertilizers 153
Rafiuddin (a*), Abdul Mollah Jaya (a), Muhammad Risal (a) 153
[ABS-322] The potency of South Sulawesi Local Rhizobium spp. on the growth and N
absorption of two soybean varieties 154
Amirullah Dachlan (a*), Abdul Mollah (a), Tita Aulia Sulistia (a) 154

[ABS-323] Test on Cayenne chili varieties (Capsicum frutescens L.) on different growing
media bioponically 155
Feranita Haring (a*), A Rusdayani Amin (a), Kharisma Rabbi (a) 155
[ABS-324] Growth response of pepper (Piper nigrum L.) seedlings to application of Arbuscula
Mychorrizae Fungi (AMF) and NPK fertilizer 156
Hari Iswoyo (a*), Ambo Ala (a), Muh. Sulhidayat (a) 156
[ABS-325] Implementation of Good Agriculture Practice (GAP) in chili urban faming
program: Evaluation on planting management in Manggala district City of Makassar 157
Novaty E. Dungga (a*), Ifayanti Ridwan (a), Ayu Andina (a) 157

[ABS-326] Application of Trichoderma on single bud Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L)

seedlings originated from different stems 158
Yunus Musa (a*), Abdul Haris Bahrun (a), Kardina (a) 158

[ABS-327] Growth and production of Melon (Cucumis melo L.) to the application of Bio-
slurry fertilizer and Rmix in Pinrang Regency 159
Rahmansyah Dermawan (a*), Kahar Mustari (a), Ahmad (a) 159

[ABS-328] Growth and production of Shallot (Alium ascalonicum L.) on different dosage of
vermicompost and mycorrhizae inoculation 160
Rafiuddin (a*), Nuniek Widiayani (a), Rahman (a) 160

xx
[ABS-329] Effect of seed immersion and concentration of PGPR Katang-katang roots on the
early growth of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) seedlings 161
Abdul Mollah (a*), Abdul Haris (a), Ika Ratih Yuli Purnama (a) 161

[ABS-330] Strategy on the implementation of Good Agriculture Practice (GAP) in smallholder

plantation to improve the production and quality of Arabica coffee bean in Enrekang Regency
Indonesia 162
Ambo Ala (a*), Ifayanti Ridwan (a), Irfansyah T (a) 162

[ABS-331] Effect of the application of plant growth regulator of Auxin and Gibberellin on the
growth and production of chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) 163
Ifayanti Ridwan (a*), Rahmansyah Dermawan (a), Nurfaida (a), Sitti Salmiati(a) 163

[ABS-332] Plant maintenance and production techniques of Arabica coffee (Coffeea arabica
L.) in Labbo village, Banteng regency 164
Abdul Haris Bahrun (a*), Rafiuddin (a), Muhammad Aris (a) 164
[ABS-333] Growth of Cocoa (Theobrema cacao L.) seedlings MCC 02 on different application
of vermicompost and atonik 165
Asmiaty sahur (a*), Muh. Riadi (a), Rima Rahmawati (a) 165
[ABS-334] Early growth of post-gamma irradiated indigofera zollingeriana 166
Y Musa (a*), R Sjahril (a), M Nadir (b), P I Khaerani (c), A I Sakinah (c) 166

[ABS-364] Effectivity of Biofertilizer and Shoots Pruning on Yield of Cocoa (Theobroma

cacao L) 167
A. Gandhi (a*), Ambo Ala (b), Nasaruddin (b) 167

[ABS-15] Physicochemical characteristics and antioxidant compounds of Rice Analog from

Mocaf, Green Beans, and Purple corn (Zea mays L.) 168
Zulfyani Putri Sada (a), Meta Mahendradatta (b), and Rindam Latief (b) 168

[ABS-20] Physicochemical and organoleptic properties of bread made from modified corn
flour 169
Rifah Hestyani Arum (a*), Riswita Syamsuri (a), Wanti Dewayani (a), Suryani (a), and Ekawati Basri
(a) 169

[ABS-28] Performance and added value of brown sugar production in Rembang Regency 170
Seno Basuki (a) , Munir Ety Wulanjari (a) and Dewi Sahara (a) 170
[ABS-298] Development of processed cocoa with addition of dried fruit to increase added
value 171
Jumriah Langkong (a), Andi Nurfaidah Rahman (a), Februadi Bastian (a) and Andi Dirpan (a) 171

xxi
[ABS-51] The effects of baking on the quality attributes of dried beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) 172
Indrie Ambarsari (a), Gama N. Oktaningrum (a), Budi Hartoyo (a), and Agus Hermawan (a) 172

[ABS-62] Characterization of cocoa butter equivalent from formulated hard palm oil mid
fraction and canola oil blend 173
Reiza Mutia AR (a*), Dayang Norulfairuz Abang Zaidel (b), Ida Idayu Muhamad (b) 173

[ABS-63] Organoleptic, chemical, and microbiological characteristics of goat milk yoghurt

using lactobacillus plantarum T14 and T35 with addition of stevia sweetener 174
Purwaningsih (a), I N Rosida (b), T F Djaafar (a), T Marwati (a), R Wikandari (b), and E S Rahayu (b)
174

[ABS-67] Inhibition the growth of fungi and improving the quality of cocoa beans through
fermentation using lactic acid bacteria 175
Tri Marwati (a), Purwaningsih (a), T F Djaafar (a), A B T Sari (b), and Hernani (c) 175

[ABS-82] Effect of salt immersion, slaked lime immersion, and freezing on quality and
sensory of pineapple chip processed with vacuum frying 176
D Khoshy (a), D Fardenan (a), J D Haloho (a), S U Marzuki (a) 176
[ABS-83] Characterization edible films of sago with glycerol as a plasticizer 177
Meivie Lintang (a), Olvie Tandi (a), Payung Layuk (a), Steivie Karouw (a) 177

[ABS-86] The effect of processing methods on the quality of soy milk 178
Riswita Syamsuri (a), Sri Lestari (b) 178
[ABS-93] Analysis of physical properties and organoleptic test of instant germinated red rice
179
Andi Nur Faidah Rahman (a), Rashifa Ramadhani Al-Wahab (a), Nur Rina Abdullah (a) 179
[ABS-131] The addition of soybean dregs in rangining processing at Banten Province 180
Sri Lestari (a) and Riswita Syamsuri (b) 180
[ABS-137] Pattern of coconut oil quality during storage 181
Steivie Karouw (a) dan Budi Santosa (a) 181

[ABS-143] Post harvest management in reducing aflatoxin content in nutmeg 182

Risma Fira Suneth (a*), Wahid (a) and Rosniyati Suwarda (a) 182

[ABS-193] Characteristics of instant corn rice from three varieties of corn 183
Payung Layuk (a), Herlina Salamba (a), Meivie Lintang (a) 183

[ABS-196] The effect of encapsulant type on physical and chemical characteristics of

anthocyanin extract powder from red dragon fruit hylocereus polyrhizus 184

xxii
 Zainal (a*), Amran Laga (b), Heriadi (c) 184
[ABS-208] Combination of canvas business model and blue ocean strategy in developing
SMEs Pala Morella Juice 185
Agung K. Henaulu (a), Sony Ardian (a), Achmad Jais Ely (c) 185

[ABS-219] Utilization of gadung flour as a basic material for making instant noodles with the
addition of soybean flour as a source of protein 186
A.Khairun(a*), Abu Bakar Tawali(b), Meta Mahendratta(b), Nurpratiwi R.(c), M.Darmawan(d) 186

[ABS-241] The effect of the use of perkamen paper packaging on the shelf life estimation of
bolu cukke using the Accelerated Shelf Life Testing (ASLT) method 187
Rindam Latief (a*) Esy Safitry (b) 187

[ABS-306] Characteristics of simplicia of ginger (Zingiber officinale) and lemongrass

(Cymbopogon citratus) powder by means of different drying method 188
Khaerunnisa (a), Meta Mahendradatta (b*), Muhammad Asfar (b) 188

[ABS-5] Land suitability for maize on the land system of Baraja in the Karstic low land 189
R J K Lau (a), R Neswati (a) and C Lopulisa (a) 189

[ABS-12] Potential landslide-prone areas in the kelara sub-watershed using the analytical
hierarchy process method 190
N Amin (a), S A Lias (a), and A Ahmad (a) 190

[ABS-14] Mapping of landslide prone areas as a basis for mitigation in Mungkajang sub-
district, Palopo city, South Sulawesi 191
F H Priyono (a), Z Chairuddin (a), and S A Lias (a) 191
[ABS-16] Mapping of landslide prone areas in the Lisu River Basin Barru Regency based on
binary logistic regression 192
Imam Gazali Sudarman (a) and Asmita Ahmad (a) 192

[ABS-273] The potential of Sago as a local food ingredient to support food security in South
Konawe 193
Dewi Nurhayati Yusuf (a), Asniah (a), Muhidin (a) and Gusti Ayu Kade Sutariati (a) 193
[ABS-19] Modification of land requirements (soil and climate) for specific growth of Pepper
(Piper nigrum L) in East Luwu Regency 194
M S Rusmin (a), C Lopulisa (a), and Rismaneswati (a) 194
[ABS-22] Analysis of land productivity based on soil fertility in cocoa plantation 195
Anni Nur Rafiqah (a), Burhanuddin Rasyid (b), Rismaneswati (a) 195

xxiii
[ABS-283] Existence of paddy fields in Makassar city as a part of green open space:
Ecological perspective on urban farming 196
CWB Yanti (a,b), A Ala (b), NE Dungga (b), S Arif (c) 196

[ABS-289] Low-altitude drone based imagery for rice productivity estimation 197
Daniel Useng (a*), Christaldo W (a), Salengke (a) 197

[ABS-295] Land use conflict of lands in the national strategic area of Mamminasata scope of
the region of Maros District 198
A M Putra (a), Z Chairuddin (a), S Baja (a) 198

[ABS-183] Strategic actions planning to enhance sustainable shallot production based on land
suitability analysis and specific agronomic practices in Samosir Regency 199
Delima Napitupulu (a), Sri Endah Nurzannah (a) and Deddy Romulo Siagian (a) 199
[ABS-187] Predicting the impact of land-use changes on soil erosion rates in three small sub-
catchments of Larona Catchment 200
Mahmud Achmad (a), Samsuar (a), Mahatma Lanuru (b), Husnul Mubarak (a) 200

[ABS-213] The use of phenology attributes derived from PROBA-V 100m NDVI imagery in
mapping of peanut crops in Queensland, Australia 201
Haerani haerani (a*), Armando Apan (b), Badri Basnet (b) 201
[ABS-217] Correlation image drone of palm oil distribution with the potential of CO2 uptake
PT. Unggul Widya Teknologi Lestari Pasangkayu Regency, West Sulawesi 202
Golindira Randa (a), Laode Asrul (b), Rafiuddin (a) 202
[ABS-237] Arabica coffee land suitability with a parametric approach based on square root
203
Nirmala Juita (a), Ifayanti Ridwan (b), Rihul Jannah KL(a), A Asri Mulyani Parahyanti (a) 203

[ABS-260] The strength of xylosandrus compactus (Eichhoff) (Coleoptera:curculionidae,

scolytinae), attack Arabica Coffee variety side grafting robusta in the dry season 204
Sulaeha Sulaeha (a*), Nurariaty Agus (a), Musdalifah (a), Syahruni Thamrin (b), and Melina Melina
(a) 204

[ABS-262] Foliar application of biosilica fertilizer reduces fall armywarm damage and
increased maize production 205
Evawaty S. Ulina (a), Vina D. Manurung (a), Muainah Hasibuan (a), and Lely Z. Nasution (a) 205
[ABS-263] The response of interest of fruit flies zeugodacus cucurbitae (Diptera: Tephritidae)
to the methanol fraction of the bioactive compounds of the cucurbit plant. 206
Sulaeha Sulaeha (a*), Arinana Arinana (b), Yani Maharani (c) and Murni Indarwatmi (d) 206

xxiv
[ABS-269] Arthropod diversity and population of corn stem borer ostrinia furnacalis guenee
in maize Zea Mays L. Endophytes 207
I D Daud (a), Fatahuddin (a), Melina (a), A S Hadiwijaya (a), Ardianto (a) 207

[ABS-276] Entomopathogen beauveria bassiana as an environmentally friendly alternative for

control of brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens) and rice black bug (Scotinophara
coarctata) 208
Sri Kurniawati (a), Pepi Nur Susilawati (a), Yati Astuti (a), Eka Yuli Susanti (a) and Yusup Sopian
Hidayat (a) 208
[ABS-27] Production of chitinase enzyme by Beauveria bassiana against Tribolium
castaneum 209
Muslimin Sepe (a,b), Itji Diana Daud (c), Ahdin Gassa (c), Firdaus (d) 209

[ABS-285] The diversity of arthropods in two rice plantation system legowo at Takalar
Regency 210
Rezky Surya (a) Fatahuddin (a) Itji Diana Daud (a) 210
[ABS-36] The impact of maize weevil attacks on corn commodity and its danger upon food
safety and health 211
Ayyub Arrahman (a) and M. Sudjak Saenong (a) 211

[ABS-297] The incidence and severity of major diseases on Siamese Malangke Citrus (Citrus
nobilis) in West Malangke District, North Luwu Regency, South Sulawesi 212
T Kuswinanti (a*), B Patandjengi (a), M Faried (b) and S Laban (c) 212

[ABS-46] The important role of using resistant varieties in handling powder beetle pests 213
M.Sudjak Saenong (a) 213

[ABS-49] Detection and Identification of Aphelenchoides fragariae nematodes on Shallot

Bulbs in Bogor, West Java, Brebes Central Java and Nganjuk, East Java 214
Devina Cinantya Anindita (a*), Supramana (b), Giyanto (b) 214

[ABS-52] The farmer behavior using perticide in Maize (Zea mays L.) 215
Sri Nur Aminah (a*), Tamrin Abdullah (a), Fatahuddin (a), Yuliani (b), Dhini Wirasti (a) 215

[ABS-54] The use of endophyte fungal isolates in controlling fusarium oxysporum, the causal
agent of wilt disease on Chili (Capsicum annuum) 216
Erma Dewi (a*), Ade Rosmana (a), Tutik Kuswinanti (a) 216
[ABS-65] What a significant difference between symptoms caused by Ceratobasidium
theobromae and Lasiodiplodia theobromae? 217
Muhammad Junaid (a) 217

xxv
[ABS-66] Microbes occupying cocoa branches and their consequences 218
Muhammad Junaid (a), Mutiah (a), Ayu Parawangsah (b) 218

[ABS-68] The effectiveness of rhizosphere bacteria in inducing the resistance of maize to

downy mildew peronosclerospora philipinensis 219
Nurasiah Djaenuddin (a), Muhammad Azrai (b), Tutik Kuswinanti (a), Baharuddin Patandjengi (a) 219

[ABS-69] The mortality of green planthoppers nephotettix virescens (Homoptera:

Cicadellidae) by metarhizium anisopliae metchn and beauveria bassiana (Bals.) vuill 220
Tamrin Abdullah (a*), Sri Nur Aminah (a), Fatahuddin (a), Nurul Wirid Annisaa (b) 220

[ABS-72] Insect pest in rice field with legumes plot applied by beauveria bassiana vuill 221
Sri Nur Aminah (a*), Tamrin Abdullah (a), Rosi Widarawati (b), Nurul Wirid Annisaa (c), Fitri (a) 221

[ABS-74] The effectivity trap based plastic waste in monitoring of insect pests 222
Sri Nur Aminah (a*), Mansur (b), Salim (c), Suyono (d) 222

[ABS-78] Dynamics of Tungro disease and its vector population on intercropping of rice
varieties 223
Riski Apriyani (a*), Ade Rosmana (a), Baharuddin Patandjengi (a) 223

[ABS-80] Resistance validation of several chili pepper lines to anthracnose colletrothicum

acutatum isolate Sukabumi 224
Neni Gunaeni (a*), Eli Korlina (a), Redy Gaswanto (a) 224

[ABS-88] Assessing disease severity and incidence of rice blast under natural infections in
different rates of Nitrogen and planting system 225
Cipto Nugroho (a*), Didik Raharjo (a), Muhammad Alwi Mustaha (a), and Muhammad Asaad (a,b)225
[ABS-94] Farmers^ knowledge on pesticide management practices: A case study of shallot
growers in Palu, Indonesia 226
Kasman Jaya (a), Ratnawati Ratnawati (a), Asman Asman (b), Arfan Arfan (a) 226

[ABS-100] Host range of exallomochlus hispidus (Morrison) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in

West Java 227
Murni Indarwatmi(a*), Indah Arastuti Nasution(a), Endang Sri Ratna(b), Dewi Sartiami(b), Arinana(c),
Sulaeha Sulaeha(d), Yani Maharani(e) 227

[ABS-106] The potency of bintaro leaf infusion for controlling meloidogyne incognita and the
growth of okra 228
Zahra Rahmadiyanti (a*), Abdul Munif (a) 228

[ABS-108] Optimization of automatic repellent tool to repel pests of rice-eating birds in

Takalar, South Sulawesi 229

xxvi
 Muhammad Yusril Hardiansyah (a*), Nurhidayat (b), Abdul Mollah Jaya (a), Muhammad Arif Fikri Al
Ridho (a) 229
[ABS-117] The effectiveness of filtrate culture with Fusarium Fungi .spp against Meloidogyne
spp. nematodes in-vitro on tomato plants 230
Muhammad Nuzul Ramadhan (a*) , Nur amin (b), and Andi Nasruddin (b) 230

[ABS-120] Antagonistic activity of volatile organic compounds of endophytic bacteria from

sword brake fern (Pteris ensiformis) against soil borne fungal pathogens 231
Abdul Munif (a), Prayogo Probo Asmoro (b*) 231

[ABS-125] Implication of types of feeds combined goat manure for preference black soldier fly
(bsf) : Hermetia illucens L. 232
Indri (a), S Sjam (a), A Gassa (a), VS Dewi (a), PA Palayukkan (a) 232

[ABS-126] Growth inhibition of Spodoptera frugiperda using combination Calotropis gigantea

L. and Crescentia cujete L. 233
AS Aprialty (a), S Sjam (a), VS Dewi (a), and YE Agustina (a) 233
[ABS-127] Application of the combination of Calatropis gigantea L. and Crescentia cujete L.
against Scirpophaga innotata and Leptotocorisa acuta Thunb. and predator in paddy plants
234
PA Palayukkan (a), S Sjam (a), M Melina (a), Sulaeha (a), A Rosmana (a), VS Dewi (a) and Budirman
(a) 234

[ABS-128] Molecular detection of tungro virus in mekongga and inpari rice varieties in West
Papua 235
H Hamdayanty (a), FT Ladja (a), Mansur (a) 235

[ABS-130] Stem borer attack on growth and yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Bali, Indonesia
236
I.B.K. Suastika (a), I.B.G. Suryawan (a) dan S.A.N. Aryawati (a) 236

[ABS-132] Isolation and antagonism of Chitinolytic Bacteria from Ipomea pes caprae against
Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae 237
Andi Khusnul Fatima Bahar (a*), Baharuddin Patandjengi(a), Andi Nasruddin (a) 237

[ABS-157] Potential biocontrol of endophytic fungi against Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae,

causal agent of cocoa dieback on cocoa seedling 238
Vietgar Membalik (a), Asman Asman (a,b*), and Nur Amin (a) 238

[ABS-158] The effect of several fungicides against Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae isolated

from cacao through in vitro test 239

xxvii
 Musdalifa (a), Asman Asman (a,b*), Ade Rosmana (a,b) 239
[ABS-164] The population of Solenopsis sp. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in four condition of
rice field bund 240
Tamrin Abdullah (a*), Ahdin Gassa (a), Sri Nur Aminah (a), Nurul Wirid Annisaa (b) 240

[ABS-173] Feed finding behavior of predatory Coccinella sp. on kenikir yellow flower syrup as
its supplement 241
Nurariaty Agus (a), Tamrin Abdullah (a) dan Sulaeha Tamrin (a) 241

[ABS-176] Effectiveness of Bacillus spp. to increase resistance of cavendish (Musa

acuminata) against blood disease (Ralstonia syzygii subsp. celebensis) 242
Serli (a), Baharuddin (a) and Muhammad Junaid (a) 242

[ABS-178] Technical culture technology package approach to fusarium attacks and local
onion production in irrigated rice fields 243
Ni Made Delly Resiani (a) & I Wayan Sunanjaya (a) 243

[ABS-189] The presence of refugia and population of insect pest in rice field 244
Sri Nur Aminah(a*), Andi Nasruddin(a), Nurul Wirid Annisaa(b), Tamrin Abdullah(a), Fatahuddin(a)
244

[ABS-197] Resistance evaluation of sugarcane mutants to Sporisorium scitamineum the

causal agent of sugarcane smut disease 245
N Hidayah (a), K S Wijayanti (a), M Murianingrum (a), T Yulianti (a), B Heliyanto (a) 245
[ABS-202] Inhibition test of betel extract (Piper betle L.) and Tembelekan (Lantana camara)
in suppressing anthracnose growth (Colletotrichum acutatum) Cayenne Chili (Capsicum
frutescens) in-vitro 246
Ummul Khalifah (a), Nur Amin (a), Muhammad Junaid (a) 246

[ABS-226] Effectivity of various extracts for controlling blast disease (Pyricularia Oryzae) on
rice 247
Ade Sugiarti Kumalasari (a), Djuniarty MD (a), Endah Wijayanti (a) 247

[ABS-240] The existence of pests and its natural enemies on various pematang plants in the
rice field ecosystem 248
Desriani (a), Nurariaty Agus (b*), and Vien Sartika Dewi (b) 248
[ABS-243] Mortality of leptocorisa acuta in various dosage of metarhizium anisopliae 249
Dian Ekawati Sari (a), Moh. Noor Amin Sholeh (a), Hamdayanty (b), Bakhtiar (c) 249

[ABS-253] Rapid detection of Burkholderia glumae causal agent of grain rot disease in rice
seed from Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi using ELISA 250

xxviii
 Andi Alfian Darmawan (a), Tutik Kuswinanti (a*), Asman (a) 250
[ABS-304] The relationship between the presence of several ant species with Phytopthora
palmivora which causes pod rot in conventional and unconventional cocoa plantations 251
Ahdin Gassa (a*), Muhammad Junaid (a), Fatahuddin Fatahuddin (b), and Muh. Jayadi (c) 251

[ABS-17] Tolerance response of ten chili genotypes in limited watering condition 252
Redy Gaswanto (a*), Neni Gunaeni (a) 252

[ABS-275] Fermentation of arabic coffee seeds coffea arabica using probiotic bacteria from
domestic chickens gallus domesticus 253
Alma Amalia Sukriyadi (a), Dirayah Rauf Husain (a*), Andi Ilham Latunra (a), Nurul Iqraini (a), Riuh
Wardhani (a) 253

[ABS-278] Determination of phosphorus status on Duku (Lansium domesticum) seedling 254

Desi Hernita (a*), Roedhy Poerwanto (b), Anas D Susila (b) dan Syaiful Anwar (c) 254

[ABS-281] Potential of local orchid as a source of material for genetic improvement in Central
Kalimantan 255
Ronny Yuniar Galingging (a) 255

[ABS-30] Agronomic characteristics of elite soybean lines and the response to pod shattering
256
Ayda Krisnawati (a), Yuliantoro Baliadi (a), Eriyanto Yusnawan (a), Andy Wijanarko (a), M. Muchlish
Adie (a) 256

[ABS-40] Propagation of mycorrhizal fungi at various combinations of organic culture media

257
Muhammad Akhsan Akib(a*), Andi Nuddin(a), Retno Prayudyaningsih(b), Tutik Kuswinanti(c),
Syatriyanty Andi Syaiful(c), Sarjiya Antonius(d). 257
[ABS-296] Development of image-based phenotyping for selection characters of rice
adaptability on the seedling salinity screening 258
Muhammad Fuad Anshori (a*), Muh Farid (a), Nasaruddin (a), Yunus Musa (a), Hari Iswoyo (a), Andi
Isti Sakinah (b), Muh Arifuddin (c), Adinda Asri Laraswati (b) 258

[ABS-299] The growing of taro Colocasia esculenta Var. Antiquorum plantlet in several
media during acclimatization stage 259
M Tuwo (a), E Tambaru (a) 259

[ABS-44] Sterility of 20 F-1 genotypes derived from hybridization of several chili’s lines with
M1 male sterile 260
Redy Gaswanto (a*) 260

xxix
[ABS-48] Rice grain quality evaluation of some promising lines for swampy rice and upland
rice 261
Dody D. Handoko (a), Aris Hairmansis (a), Rini Hermanasari (a), Indrastuti A. Rumanti (a), Untung
Susanto (a), Trias Sitaresmi (a), Yudhistira Nugraha (a) 261
[ABS-64] Selection of several hybrid maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes under low nitrogen
condition 262
Azmi Nur Karimah Amas (a), Muhammad Yusril Hardiansyah (a), Yunus Musa (a) and Andi
Rusdayani Amin (a) 262
[ABS-103] Identification of Fungi associated with the soil area of natural forest and post-
mining area of PT Vale Indonesia 263
S W Jufri (a), A Arif (a), I Iswanto (a), S H Larekeng (a) 263
[ABS-109] Identification of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria in rhizosphere of bamboo
thorns with gram methylene blue and lugol staining 264
Muhammad Yusril Hardiansyah (a*), Yunus Musa (a), Abdul Mollah Jaya (a) 264

[ABS-112] Testing viability of Burik Sinjai local rice seeds with the using top of paper method
265
Dian yustisia (a), Kahar Mustari (a), Tutik Kuswinanti (a), Amir Jassi (a) 265

[ABS-133] The dynamics of physiological properties of ebony (Diospyros celebica bakh) based
on crown position and altitude 266
S A Paembonan (a), S H Larengkeng (b), S Millang (a) 266

[ABS-140] Amplification of rbcl and matK genome regions in bamboo plant species:
preliminaries studies 267
Jeni Oktavina Kamben Patintingan (a), Siti Halimah Larekeng (a), Muh. Restu (a) 267

[ABS-159] The effect of explant size and addition of antiviral ribavirin on proiferation of
meristematic Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L) 268
Asih K. Karjadi (a) and Nurmalita Waluyo (a) 268
[ABS-218] Changes in agronomic tolerance of several genotypes of maize to waterlogging 269
Ahmad Muliadi (a), Yustisia (b), Amin Nur (c), and Muhammad Azrai (a) 269

[ABS-242] effect of the fermentation process using a consortium of probiotic bacteria on the
flavor of arabica coffee coffea arabica 270
Nural Iqraini (a), Dirayah Rauf Husain (a*), Andi Ilham Latunra (a), Alma Amalia (a), Riuh Wardhani
(a) 270

xxx
[ABS-2] Usability testing of an android application of tractor distribution information system
(GIS Tractor) 271
Andi B Kresna (a*), M Achmad (b), Iqbal (b) and A P Hanifa (c,d) 271

[ABS-279] Technology intervention to unleash the flavor potential of arabica coffee from
Sulawesi highland 272
Salengke, S. (a*), Hasizah, A. (b), Reta, R. (c), and Mochtar, A.A. (d) 272

[ABS-284] Aplication of aqua crop model in simulation of irrigation management on paddy

field in Tanabangka village, Gowa district 273
B Rasyid (a), A Febrianti RSA (a), and S Laban (a) 273

[ABS-293] Design and building gratter and stirrer mechine sago pith 274
Aliah Rahman (a), Ahmad A. Latuponu (a), Agung K. Henaulu (a) 274
[ABS-121] Farmer’s decision determining factors in harvest technology selection in rice
farming 275
Zahara (a), Slameto (a), Asropi (a) dan Erliana Novitasari (a) 275

[ABS-163] Analysis of red chili drying kinetics affected by low temperature long time
blanching 276
Nunik Lestari (a) and Samsuar (b) 276
[ABS-190] The analysis of water loses in the secondary channels of Bissua irrigation 277
Mahmud Achmad (a), Samsuar (a), Reski Maulidya (a) 277

[ABS-194] Husker performance on small rice milling unit 278

Iqbal (a), Diah Pramana Mulyawan (a), Ahmad Munir (a) 278
[ABS-195] Connection and calibration of RTK-DGPS with microcontroller STM32F401RE-
Nucleo 32 Bit 279
Abdul Azis (a), Radite PA (a), Setiawan (a) 279

[ABS-203] Groundwater and reservoirs interaction in its use for irrigation, case: Wajo
Regency, South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia 280
Suhardi (a*), Budi I. Setiawan (b), Ahmad Munir (a), Muh. Tahir Sapsal (a) 280
[ABS-212] Algorithm estimation of suspended sediments concentration in Bili-Bili Reseservoir
281
Sitti Nur Faridah (a), Mahmud Achmad (a), Samsuar (a), Fatimah R. Tantu (a) 281
[ABS-223] The effect of soaking sago starch in acetate acids on the white degree of sago flour
282

xxxi
 Diyah Yumeina (a), Suciati Adil (a), Samsuar (a) 282
[ABS-230] Effect of heat moisture treatment on psychochemical modification of sago starch
283
Diyah Yumeina (a), Kasmira (a), Makkarennu (a) 283

[ABS-248] Impact of land clearance on sedimentation at Balambano Dam, East Luwu 284
Samsuar (a), M. Achmad (a) H. Mubarak (a) and M. Lanuru (b) 284

[ABS-308] Development of data recording system for water level drop In drilled wells for
irrigation of rainfed rice using Arduino and pressure sensor 285
Muhammad Tahir Sapsal (a*), Suhardi (a), Ahmad Munir (a), Dewi Pratiwi Sasmito (a) 285
[ABS-1] Comparing satisfaction index on traditional pigmented rice plant attributes between
upland and lowland farmers 286
Arini Putri Hanifa (a,b), James Millner (a), Craig McGill (a), Rinaldi Sjahril (c) 286

[ABS-266] Smallholder livelihood adaptation capacity to the risk of climate change disasters
in the buffer area of Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park South Sulawesi 287
Muhammad Dassir (a*), Samuel A. Paembonan (a), Usman Arsyad (a), Andi Sadapotto (a), Sitti
Nadirah (b) 287

[ABS-277] Distribution and potency of semi cultivated sago forest in South Sulawesi and its
contribution to food security and rural development 288
Dorothea Agnes Rampisela ( a,b), Sarip Hidayat (d,e), Darmawan Salman (a,c) and Mahyudin (a,c) 288
[ABS-280] Utilization of sub-optimal land for the sustainability of upland rice farming in
Minahasa Regency 289
Jefny B. Markus Rawung (a), Janne W. Rembang (a), Rita Indrasti (b), Abdul Gaffar (c) 289
[ABS-282] Base flow analysis in Tanralili Sub Watershed using SWAT model 290
Suryansyah Surahman (a*) Hazairin Zubair (b) Ahmad Munir (b) Mahmud Achmad (b) 290
[ABS-32] Feasibility study of coconut water as natural Plant Growth Regulator (PGR) on
clove seedling production 291
Ibrahim Erik Malia (a) and J.B.M.Rawung (a) 291
[ABS-290] The dynamics of agricultural crop production development on land cover changes
in Tinggimoncong District 292
T Dariati (a*), K Mustari (b), MS Solle (c), F Ulfa (b), and H Iswoyo (b) 292

[ABS-37] Potential of endophytic bacteria in promote germination of kamba local aromatic

rice seeds of Central Sulawesi 293

xxxii
 S Sudewi (a,b*), A Ala (c), B Patandjengi (d), M Farid BDR (c), Ratnawati (b), Abdul Rahim Saleh (e)
293
[ABS-56] Analysis of farmers perception of intercropping technology (turiman) on upland
agroecosystem 294
Catur Indri Oktivian Hastuti (a), Rima Purnamayani (a) 294

[ABS-70] Effects of cogongrass (Imperata Cilyndirica L) root extract on earthworms,

arbuscular mycorrhiza spore, and growth of upland rice (Oryza Sativa L.) for local kambowa
variety 295
Laode Muhammad Harjoni Kilowasid (a), La Ode Junum Hasmar (a), La Ode Afa (a), Gusti Ayu Kade
Sutariati (a), Namriah (a), dan Tresjia Corina Rakian (a) 295

[ABS-76] Forage tree legumes and sustainable upland farming in Timor Island - Indonesia
296
Yohanis Ngongo (a), Debora Kanahau (a), Noldy Kotta (a), Jacob Nulik (a) 296
[ABS-303] Some factors affecting to biosecurity practices on beef cattle farms in Bone
Regency, South Sulawesi Province 297
Veronica Sri Lestari (a*), Djoni Prawira Rahardja (a), Sitti Nurani Sirajuddin (a) 297
[ABS-79] The effect of integrated technology utilization for fattening beef cattle in North
Sulawesi designated beef cattle area 298
Ratri Retno Ifada (a), Paulus C. Paat (a) and Yusuf (a) 298

[ABS-84] Farmer group empowerment in developing joint venture (Study case at Karya Jasa 3
Group in Kendal) 299
Munir Eti Wulanjari (a), Intan Gilang Cempaka (a), Ratih Kurnia Jatuningtyas (a), and Indrie
Ambarsari (a) 299

[ABS-87] Integrating clitoria ternatea and corn in dry land farming for seed production and
high quality forage for livestock in West Timor East Nusa Tenggara: Oebelo Village farmer’s
experience 300
Debora Kana Hau (a), Procula Matitaputty (a), Yanuar Achadri (a) 300

[ABS-89] The potential of endophytic fungi as biodegradation of chlorpyrifos in shallots 301

Ria Fauriah (a*), Nur Amin (a), Itji Diana Daud (a), Elisabeth Srihayu Harsanti (b) 301
[ABS-90] The competitiveness analysis of nutmeg farming in Ternate City, North Moluccas
302
Muhammad Assagaf (a), Ahmad Musyavak (b) dan Abdul Wahab (a) 302

[ABS-92] Optimation and carrying capacity of planting corn harvest cattle (TJPS) in The
Village of Raknamo West Kupang Subdistrict of Kupang Regency, East Nusa Tenggara 303

xxxiii
 Procula Matitaputty (a), Debora Kana Hau (a) Jacob Nulik (a) 303
[ABS-95] Does soybean production in Indonesia still have competitiveness advantages? A
policy analysis matrix approach 304
Yovita Anggita Dewi (a) and Astrina Yulianti (a) 304

[ABS-99] Effect of pleurotus ostreatus substrate compost on the chemical properties of acid
sulfate soil 305
Jumar (a), R. A. Saputra (a), N. N. Sari (a), A. Wahyudianur (a*) 305

[ABS-102] Role of labile fraction of carbon for soil quality assessment 306
Mirawanty Amin (a*), Herlina Nanny Salamba (a), Nirmala Juita (b) 306
[ABS-110] Growth performance of bali cattle with lamtoro taramba (Leucaena Leucocephala
cv Tarramba) feed in Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT) 307
Yanuar Achadri (a*), Debora Kana Hau (a), Jacob Nulik (a), Procula Rudlof Matitaputty (a) 307

[ABS-115] Additional income for poor families through native chicken farming (KUB and
Sensi) development in Gorontalo Province 308
Soimah Munawaroh (a), Ari Abdul Rouf (a), Dwi Rohmadi (a), Serli Anas (a), Rosdiana (a) and Amin
Nur (a) 308

[ABS-118] A comparative feasibility study of organic and conventional vegetable farming in

Central Java, Indonesia 309
Irma Audiah Fachrista (a), Irham (b), Masyhuri (c), and Any Suryantini (d) 309
[ABS-119] The effect of agricultural waste feeding based on location specific to performance
of sumba ongole cattle 310
Sophia Ratnawaty (a*), Ati Rubianti (a), Yanuar Achadri (a), Procula Rudlof Matitaputty (a) 310
[ABS-122] The effect of environmental factors on the productivity of Kampung Unggul
Balitbangtan (KUB) chicken in Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT) 311
Ati Rubianti (a*), Yanuar Achadri (a), Medo Kote (a), Sophia Ratnawaty (a), Procula R Matitaputty (a)
311
[ABS-123] Effect of local resources feed on different physiological status of Bali Cow 312
Ati Rubianti (a*), Sophia Ratnawaty (a), Yanuar Achadri (a), Medo Kote (a), Procula R Matitaputty (a)
312

[ABS-134] Relation and influence of entrepreneurial orientation, social capital, and warm
glow on sustainable agricultural development in the border area of Sebatik Island 313
A Mubarak (a), Nia Kurnia Suryana (a), Elly Jumiati (a), Sekar Intan (a) 313

xxxiv
[ABS-135] The meaning of working of Makassar tribe farmers (Case study in Batulapis,
Malino Village, Tinggimoncong District, Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi) 314
Nurbaya Busthanul (a), Eymal B. Demmallino (a), Saleh S. Ali (a), Rahmawati A. Nadja (a), Akhsan
Djalaluddin (a), Yopie Lumoindong (a), A. Amrullah (a), A. Arfah Noor (a) 314
[ABS-136] Passion fruit development startegy (Case study in Pulu-Pulu Village, Buntu
Pepasan District, North Toraja Regency) 315
Nurbaya Busthanul (a), Sitti Bulkis (a), Masyhur Syafiuddin (b), Saadah (a), Rahmadanih (a), Rusli M.
Rukka (a), Firda Laksmita (a) 315
[ABS-145] Optimizing resources through bio-industrial agriculture innovations based on
vegetables and beef-cattle in the middleland of Tabanan, Bali Province 316
L Hutahaean (a), VW Hanifah (a) 316
[ABS-146] The development strategy of palm sugar business 317
Makkarennu (a*), Ridwan (a), Sam Suriyani (a) 317
[ABS-147] Pineapple farmer corporation development strategy in Central Lampung district,
Indonesia 318
N R Ahmadi (a), M Mardiharini (a), C Indrawanto (a) 318
[ABS-151] Distribution of agricultural gumption in various agroecosystem as a strategy to
maintain farm household income sustainability 319
Bernard deRosari (a), Evert Y. Hosang (a), dan Tony Basuki (a) 319

[ABS-154] Analysis of economic feasibility of assisted tractors in Banten Province, Indonesia

320
V Siagian (a) , and I Hidayah (b) 320

[ABS-156] Characteristics of rice agribusiness in rural areas of Serdang Bedagai Regency,

North Sumatra 321
Moral Abadi Girsang (a), Khadijah El Ramija (a),Imelda Marpaung (a), Erfina Manurung (a), Shabil
Hidayat (a), Tumpal Sipahutar (a), L.Haloho (a), P.Nainggolan (a) 321
[ABS-162] The diversification of processed chayote (sechium edule) into dodol to improve its
added value 322
Ratna Wylis Arief (a), Soraya (a), RD Tambunan (a) 322
[ABS-167] The strategy of maize farming system development on subsistent/semi commercial
farmers 323
Helena Da Silva (a), Yohanes Leki Seran (a) 323

xxxv
[ABS-171] The suitability of upland rice and dryland soil fertility status in Bengkulu Province
324
Nurmegawati, Yartiwi (a), Irma Calista (a), Yesmawati (a), Shannora Yuliasari (a), Yudi Sastro (a) 324

[ABS-172] Sustainability assessment of chili farming in the highlands of Pacet Sub District,
Regency of Cianjur,West Java Province 325
Lira Mailena (a), Enti Sirnawati (a), Ermin Widjaja (a) 325

[ABS-175] Factors affecting Indonesia’s CPO exports in international trade 326

Achmad Amiruddin (a), Muhammad Arsyad (a), Suharno (b) anda Siti Jahroh (b) 326

[ABS-186] Support for animal feed innovation technology in the North Sulawesi Border Area
327
Agustinus N. Kairupan (a), Hasrianti Silondae (a), Herlina N. Salamba (a) 327
[ABS-200] Characteristics and growth of merawang chicken in Bangka Belitung under
traditional management system 328
Nuraini (a), Zikril Hidayat (a), Sigit Puspito(a) and Suyatno(a) 328

[ABS-209] Assessing the irrigation system distribution to the cropping index and riceland
potency in North Tapanuli Regency 329
Deddy Romulo Siagian (a), Novia Chairuman (a), Tumpal Sipahutar and Sri Endah Nurzannah (a) 329
[ABS-211] Potential of fruit plants and opportunities of product diversification in dusung
pattern farmers in Wakal Village, Ambon Island 330
Jan W. Hatulesila (a), Amran Achmad (b), Daud Malamassam (b), Samsuddin Millang (b) 330
[ABS-234] Strategy for the development of large scale grain milling industry in Maros
Regency 331
Desi Salmah (a) 331

[ABS-235] Land use, disaster and the peasant’s vulnerability in the rural area 332
Kasmiati (a), Sumarni Panikkai (b), Andi Arafat (a), Arafat Abdullah (a) 332
[ABS-246] Optimizing the utilization of backyard land through development sustainable food
houses region model (M-KRPL) in Berau Regency 333
Yossita Fiana (a) and Muhamad Hidayanto (a) 333

[ABS-251] Soil properties and infiltration rate in sago palm (Metroxylon sago) forest in
Rongkong Watershed South Sulawesi 334
Oktaviani Nelsi (a,b,c), Usman Arsyad (a), Budirman Bachtiar (a), Dorothea Agnes Rampisela (b,c,d*)
334

xxxvi
[ABS-335] Consumer decision making on rice purchasing in Makassar City : Case study on
rice consumers in Pasar Terong 335
Saadah (a*), A Amrullah (a), Ferawati (a), Abd Gaffar Tahir (b), and Maryam Nurdin (b) 335

[ABS-336] Factors affecting the change of land function from paddy field to housing in North
Sinjai District 336
P Diansari (a*), R A Nadja (a), M S S Ali (a), N Busthanul (a), Rahmadanih (a), Sucirawaati (a) 336

[ABS-337] Effectiveness of the bansos rastra distribution program in Kajang District,

Bulukumba Regency 337
Darwis (a*), P Didiansari (a), Y Lumoindong (a), E B Demmallino (a), M A Ramlan (a) 337

[ABS-338] Decision level of farmers in processing sago in North Luwu 338

N Lanuhu (a*), A Amiruddin (a), Saadah (a), R A Nadja (a), A Amrullah (a), A Saputri (a) 338
[ABS-339] Comparative analysis of production and income of rice farmers using and not
using People's Business Credit (KUR) 339
R A Nadja (a*), K Budiasa (a), R M Rukka (a), Y Lumoindong (a), N M Viantika (a) 339

[ABS-340] Comparison of rice farming income planting system moving rice transplanter with
manual in Sidoraharjo Village 340
R A Nadja (a*), I Summase (a), M Salam (a), N Busthanul (a), R Bakri (a), B Hartono (a) 340
[ABS-341] Retail price fluctuation of curly chili commodity in Makassar City 341
A Anisa (a*), A N Tenriawaru (a), M Arsyad (a), M Salam (a), S Ramadan (a) 341

[ABS-342] Farmers' perceptions of the role of agricultural extension agents in Taroada

Village, Turikale District, Maros Regency 342
H Jamil (a*), Tamzil Ibrahim (a), A. Nixia Tenriawaru (a), A Anisa (a), Anang Hidayat HY (a) 342
[ABS-343] Natural silk agroindustry in Wajo Regency 343
A.N. Tenriawaru (a*), L. Fudjaja (a), M.H. Jamil (a), R.M. Rukka (a), A Anisa (a) 343

[ABS-344] Integration between the benchmarking market and the retail market for curly chili
commodities in Makassar City 344
A.Nixia Tenriawaru (a*), Muhammad Arsyad (a), Muslim Salam (a), Letty Fudjaja (a), A Anisa (a) 344
[ABS-345] Government's role impacts the entrepreneurial orientation of rice farmers 345
A Anisa (a*), Nunung Kusnadi (a), Dwi Rachmina (a) 345

[ABS-346] Dynamics of farmers group in production of barangan’s banana business (Case

study in Lekke Farmer, Tonronge Village, Lappariaja District, Bone Regency) 346
Heliawaty (a*), P Diansari (a), Z Hamzah (a) 346

xxxvii
[ABS-347] Social capital and income of cocoa farmers in Peta Village, Sendana District,
Palopo City, South Sulawesi Province 347
Heliawaty (a*), D Rukmana (a), Y lumoindong (a), A Sulili (a), N Lanuhu (a), I Natsir (a) 347

[ABS-348] Efficiency analysis of using production factors in paddy rice farming in Macope
Sub-District, Awangpone District, Bone Regency 348
R Bakri (a*), M Salam (a), R Darma (a), Saadah (a), R A Ansar (a) 348

[ABS-349] Rice seed breeding business development strategy in North Luwu Regency, South
Sulawesi 349
M Arsyad (a*), D Ali (a), D Rukmana (a), A N Tenriawaru (a), N M Viantika (a), Rahmadanih (a), A P
Summase (a) 349
[ABS-350] Factors affecting the conversion of cocoa land to rice field: Case study in
Batupanga Village, Luyo District, Polewali Mandar, West Sulawesi 350
M Arsyad (a*), N Lamuhu (a), M S Saleh (a), L Fudjaja (a), M Yulanri (a) 350
[ABS-351] Relationship between rice farmers household food security and stunting incidence
in Enrekang Regency 351
S Bulkis (a), I Summase (a), R A Nadja (a), Rahmadanih (a), Nirwan (a) 351

[ABS-352] Income Analysis For Seaweed In Ma’rang District Pangkep Regency 352
Aziza Noor Sheha (a), Sitti Bulkis (a), Adri Arief (a) 352
[ABS-353] Production function and efficiency estimation of irrigated rice farming in
Indonesia 353
M Salam(a*), A Fadillah (a), N M Viantika (a) 353

[ABS-354] Decision analysis of pepper (Piper nisrum L.) farmers in choosing organic farming
system 354
Letty Fudjaja (a), N M Viantika(a*), Indah Aulia (b), Heliawaty (a) 354
[ABS-355] Effectiveness of management and utilization of agricultural equipment and
machinery assistance (ALSINTAN) by recipient farmer groups in South Sulawesi 355
D Rukmana (a*), E Indriani (a), L Fudjaja (a), M Fahmid (a), P Diansari (a) 355

[ABS-356] Factors shifting employment in communities in Takalar Regency 356

D Rukmana (a*), M Fahmid (a), M Salam (a), A N Tenriawaru (a), A Maryama (a) 356
[ABS-357] Analysis of agriculture based sector in regional development of Gowa Regency 357
Mahyuddin (a*), M Arsyad (a), R Darma (a), M Fahmid (a), L Fudjaja (a), R M Rukka (a),
Miftahulmawaddah (a) 357

xxxviii
[ABS-358] The relationship between work environment and work culture with the work
capacity of the employees of the oil palm processing division of PT PN XIV 358
M S S Ali (a*), Rahmadanih (a), Y Lumoindong (a), L Fudjaja (a), I A M Suryadnyani (a) 358

[ABS-359] Community income analysis in Lake Tempe Area, Wajo Regency 359
R Darma (a*), A A T Pada (a), R Bakri (a), D Ali (a), A Amrullah (a) 359

[ABS-360] Effectiveness of subsidized fertilizer distribution to rice farmer in Lemoe, Bacukiki

District, Parepare, South Sulawesi 360
R M Rukka (a*), R Darma (a), D Rukmana (a), M Arsyad (a), N P Anriany (a) 360

[ABS-361] Roles extension agents in the dynamics of rice farmer groups in Taroada Village,
Turikale District, Maros Regency 361
H Jamil (a*), Tamzil Ibrahim (a), A Anisa (a), Anang Hidayat HY (a) 361
[ABS-362] Performance effectiveness of Gapoktan Pottana'e in Tajong Village, Tellu
Siattinge District, Bone Regency 362
Rahmadanih (a*), E B Demmallino (a), N Lanuhu (a), Saadah (a), M Fahmid (a), Aswar (a) 362

[ABS-363] Rice farmers response to the agricultural insurance program in Matakali district,
Polewali Mandar regency 363
A Amiruddin (a*), E B Demmallino (a), M S S Ali (a), Ikawani (a) 363

xxxix
 [ABS-3]
The potential of moringa oleifera as immunobooster against covid 19:a review

Muhammad Fajri (a)

a) BPTP Yogyakarta

Abstract

After COVID 19, people will be more selective in the food they eat. The types of food chosen
are those that have health benefits, especially as immunity boosters. The problem is what types
of products can provide these benefits en masse, cheap, and easy to reach. This review aims to
explore the potential of the Moringa plant as a plant that can be a source of functional food as a
post-COVID 19 immune booster. The method used is to review various journal references that
discuss research results related to the use of moringa plants and specifically those related to the
anticipation of COVID 19. Based on the results of a review of various literature, it was found
that the Moringa plant has various functional properties. These health functions include, among
others, as an anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, antioxidant, anti-tumor, anticancer,
antihypertensive, antiasthmatic, anti-urolithiasis, anthelmintic, anti-fertility, anti-hyperthyroid,
and anti-Alzheimer. One of the roles of moringa plants in dealing with COVID 19 is as an
immune booster. This is important because one of the factors that cause the different severity of
COVID 19 patients is the immunity. People with a good body^s immunity tend to be able to
survive infection and attacks by the SARS-Cov-2 virus. Some of the components of moringa that
play a role in this are kaempferol, pterygospermin, morphine, quercetin, and apigenin-7-O-
rutinoside. Apigenin has the highest activity against SARS-Cov-2- MPro (the main protease of
COVID 19).

Keywords: Moringa- immune booster- COVID 19

Topic: Adapting Agricultural Production to Covid-19

1
 [ABS-96]
The integration model of sweet potato-pigs in the papua highlands

Alberth Soplani (a), Siska Tirajoh (a), Batsyeba Tiro (a), Ghalih Dominanto (a) and Merlin K
Rumbarar (a)

a) Assessment Institute for Agricultural of Papua

Abstract

As an effort to increase food security, it is necessary to have a local specific technology

assembled model based on sweet potato as an effort to diversify non-rice food. One model that
can be used is the sweet potato-pigs integration system (hipere wam). The aim of this study is to
produce a specific location model of sweet potato-pigs integration technology in the sweet potato
development center area. The results of the study showed that sweet potato production during the
four months of the assessment with the wet tuber weight for Musan cultivar was 0.90 kg / plant
or 21.67 t/ha and Cangkuang cultivar was 1.06 kg/plant or 25.47 t/ha, respectively.
Biomassproduction was 0.84 kg /plant or 20.24 t/ha for Musan cultivar and 0.76 kg/plant or
18.31 t/ha for Cangkuang cultivar, respectively. The increase in body weight of introduced pigs
was 157 gr/pig/day, compared to the farmer^s pattern of 50 gr/pig/day. Based on the calculation
of the level of consumption of pigs during the assessment, it shows that the average feed
requirement from sweet potato is 1.5 kg /pig/ day or 180 kg /pig/ 4 months or 2.880 kg /16 pigs
/4 months. The calculation of organic fertilizer from wet livestock manure for four months of
maintenance is 625 kg or 39.1 kg/ pig or 0.32 kg /pig/day. If it is assumed that the 0.20 hectare
land contains 5.333 plants, the contribution of organic fertilizer from pig manure to sweet potato
plants is 0.12 kg or 120 g/plant/4 months.

Keywords: Sweet potato-pigs, Integration, local technology specific

Topic: Adapting Agricultural Production to Covid-19

2
 [ABS-113]
Use of yard land as a source of nutrition and family economy during covid-19 pandemic

Hasrianti Silondae (a*), Meivie Lintang (a)

a) North Sulawesi Assessment Institute For Agricultural Technology (AIAT)

* hasrianti_silondae@yahoo.com

Abstract

Abstract. The period of the Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia has not yet fully passed, so various
strategies are needed that can minimize fluctuations in household food needs. Continuous
optimization of yard land can provide nutritional fulfillment solutions for people both plant and
animal and an increase in the PPH score by 11.90-20.46 percent. The description of the
government^s strategy in agriculture through the Minister of Agriculture of the Republic of
Indonesia, that the system of cultivation of vertikultur crops, hydroganik, aquaponics,
hydroponics, tabulapot, and shelter houses is very easy for every household in Indonesia to do.
People can use empty or derelict yard land integrated by suitable or cultivating livestock /fish to
obtain family nutrition and economic resources. This review raises several models of household
yard management that have been studied by previous researchers so that the community can
imitate or apply directly in the yard.

Keywords: Yard- Nutrition- Economy- Family

Topic: Adapting Agricultural Production to Covid-19

3
 [ABS-155]
Impact of pandemic covid 19 on vegetable farmers in North Sumatera

Moral Abadi Girsang (a), Imelda Marpaung (a), Dorkas Parhusip (a), Lermansius Haloho (a),
Sarman P. Tobing (a), Palmarum Nainggola (a)

a) Balai Pengkajian Teknologi Pertanian Sumatera Utara

Abstract

This research was conducted from June to August 2020 with the research locations were the two
main vegetable producer regencies in North Sumatra, namely Karo Regency and Simalungun
Regency. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on
vegetable farmer^s income, to determine which factors most influenced vegetable farmer^s
income during the pandemic, and to recommend policies to reduce the impact of the pandemic
on vegetable farmers in North Sumatra. Data were collected through interviews with 53
vegetable farmers in two districts whose locations were selected purposively while the
respondent farmers were selected by judgment. The data in this study were analyzed using
descriptive methods through a quantitative approach. The results showed that as many as 92.9%
of respondents stated that their income had decreased during the Covid 19 pandemic. Factors
causing a decrease in farmer^s income were rising prices for fertilizers and pesticides (89,3%),
worries about activities due to the pandemic (98,2%), limited transportation for marketing among
provinces (23,2%), regional transportation restrictions (46,4%), and time restrictions on selling
in the market (26,8%). several government policies towards farmers during a pandemic must be
implemented immediately

Keywords: impact, pandemic, covid 19, vegetable farmers

Topic: Adapting Agricultural Production to Covid-19

4
 [ABS-168]
Farming system of food crop keep going to produce on a time climate change and
pandemic covid-19 in Timor - Indonesia

Yohanes Leki Seran (a), Helena da Silva (a), Nelson Karyo (a)

a) Assessment Institute for Agriculture Technology - NTT

Abstract

Each body need some foods to consume every day. But to produce food in all region face much
factor as challenges. Challenges that farmers always face in the dryland region are limited water
for supplying to crop, soil have low fertile and low input production into manage farming
system. In addition to produce food crop on the Pandemic COVID-19 face the new challenges
like as availability of input production, distribution and marketing of product. However food
production should be prepared to fulfill human needs. The objectives of research are (1) to know
farmers activity on the farming system of food crop. (2) to know the way farmers availability
input production, distribution and marketing of product. And (3) to know productivity of food
crops on Pandemic COVID-19. This research used survey and observation Method to the
farming system that be done by farmers. This research show that farmers always are doing their
farming system of food crop in spite of happen climate change especially have no rain for a long
time and Pandemic COVID-19. For doing their farming intensively, farmers should to get input
production from distribution agent. And farmers success to sell their product in local market.
However for product that should be sold in the other island or product for industry market often
face challenges especially transportation.

Keywords: Key Word : Food crop, Farming System, Climate change and COVID-19

Topic: Adapting Agricultural Production to Covid-19

5
 [ABS-179]
The impact of covid-19 pandemic on the performance of companies selling agricultural
products (a case study on toko ayu in Panjer, Denpasar)

Ni Wayan Suryathi (a), Ni Made Delly Resiani (b), I Gde Agoes Caskara Surya Putra (c)

a) Program Studi Akuntansi, FakultasEkonomi dan Bisnis, Universitas Pendidikan Nasional,

Denpasar Indonesia.
b) Center for Assessment of Agricultural Technology, Denpasar Indonesia
c) Program Studi Sastra Inggris, Universitas Mahasaraswati, Denpasar

Abstract

The Covid-19 pandemic outbreak, which has now spread all over the world, is something to be
feared. Because this pandemic not only affects the health sector, but also in terms of social and
economic aspects, including the food and agriculture sectors. The aim of this study is to
understand and analyse the impact of Covid-19 on the performance of companies selling
agricultural products (a case study on Toko Ayu in Panjer, Denpasar). The findings from this
study show that that the performance of Toko Ayu as a seller of agricultural products (i.e. flour,
sugar, etc.) continues to experience an increase in sales compared to before the spread of the
pandemic. In addition, the increase in sales results can also be seen from the main financial
performance, namely the profitability, which reached 78%. Therefore, it can be concluded that
the Covid-19 pandemic outbreak has a positive impact on Toko Ayu in terms of their
performance in selling agricultural products.

Keywords: Impact of Covid-19, companies^ performance, agricultural products

Topic: Adapting Agricultural Production to Covid-19

6
 [ABS-182]
Potential utilization of non-timber forest products as a drug source in the protected forest
area of Enrekang district

Husnah Latifah (a*), Muh.Daud (b), Rusmi AR (c)

a) Faculty of Agricultur,Muhammadiyah University, Jl. Sultan Alauddin No.259, Makassar 90221,

Indonesia
b) Faculty of Agricultur,Muhammadiyah University, Jl. Sultan Alauddin No.259, Makassar 90221,
Indonesia
c) School of Agricultur Muhammadiyah University, Indonesia

*husnahlatifah99@gmail.com

Abstract

This study aims to determine the use of non-timber forest products as a source of medicine in
protected forest areas in Bungin Village, Bungin District, Enrekang Regency. The data collected
are primary and secondary data. Data were collected by means of observation, interviews,
questionnaires, surveys and literature studies and then analyzed by statistical descriptive
methods. The results showed that there were 12 types of plants that could potentially be used as
medicinal plants. The types of medicinal plants are candlenut, breadfruit, cinnamon, balm,
patikala, siri, laruna, suren, guava, kapok, lime and coffee. Parts of plants that are used as
medicine are seeds, roots, stems, leaves, fruit, skin, sap and flowers. The processing and
utilization of medicinal plants by the community is carried out in 7 ways, namely burning,
mashing, frying, drying, boiling, kneading and without processing. While the technique of using
medicinal plants by the community is carried out in 7 ways, namely applying, drinking, gargling,
inhaling, placing it on the wound, eating directly and washing the eyes.

Keywords: Non-timber forest products, observation, processing, utilization, medicinal plants

Topic: Adapting Agricultural Production to Covid-19

7
 [ABS-201]
A review of agricultural production specially the food industry during pandemic covid-19

A B R Indah(a*), D P Sahar(b), M T Afifudin (b), N Ikasari (a), Mulyadi (a)

a) Department of Industrial Engineering, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar,Indonesia

b) Industrial Engineering, Universitas Pattimura, Ambon, Indonesia

*besseriyani@gmail.com

Abstract

During the Covid-19 pandemic, many sectors were affected, including the world economic
sector, which had fallen sharply, leading to several countries experiencing recession. some
businesses closed due to government restrictions. However, this is different from the food
industry, which is required to continue producing to meet food needs during the Covid-19
pandemic. This is not in line with the production system that is being implemented because there
are several obstacles related to the supply of raw materials for production and ensuring that the
health level of workers is maintained during a pandemic. This is a challenge for the food
industry, because on the one hand they have to meet the needs of consumers while the
production system is hampered because it can be caused by an unusual division of working
hours. Therefore, a literature study was conducted regarding the state of the food industry
production system during the Covid-19 pandemic and examined several policies that could be
taken to ensure that the food production system continues as expected and supports food
security.

Keywords: Pandemic Covid-19, food industry, production system, policy, food security

Topic: Adapting Agricultural Production to Covid-19

8
 [ABS-227]
The contribution of housewives in timber and non-timber harvesting activities during the
covid-19

Muhammad Dassir (a*), Nurdin Dalya (a), Christine Esye Semoin (a)

a) Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Hasanuddin, Indonesia

Abstract

The current pandemic situation has a major impact on the economic sector, especially household
income. Housewives often contribute to the family economic system, one of the ways is by
utilizing forest products. This research aims to describe the role of housewives on harvesting
timber and pine resin products, and to determine the time spent and the contribution of income
generated by these housewives. Data collection process was carried out directly using interview
techniques to 27 selected samples by purposive sampling. Data from interview then processed
and analyzed using quantitative descriptive analysis methods. The results showed that the role of
housewives in harvesting wood forest products was used as raw material for charcoal production,
with an average flow of work time of 43% and an income contribution by 42,5%. While in
harvesting pine sap, housewives act as pine sap collectors with an average working time of 48%
and an income contribution by 26%.

Keywords: Contribution, Housewife- Wood harvesting- Pine resin- Covid-19

Topic: Adapting Agricultural Production to Covid-19

9
 [ABS-228]
The socio-economic characteristics on pine (Pinus merkusii, sp.) sap tappers income in
pandemic covid-19 situation

A. Mujetahid (a*), Muhammad Dassir (a), Iswara Gautama (a), Nurdin Dalya (a), Andi Vika
Faradiba Muin (a), Risna (a)

a) Forestry Faculty, Universitas Hasanuddin, Indonesia

Abstract

Through this research, we tried to examine the social and economic characteristics of harvesting
non-timber forest products during the pandemic. On the other hand, this research tries to describe
the socio-economic characteristics of Pinus merkusii sap tappers and the effects on their income
in Cenrana Baru Village, Cenrana District, Maros Regency. Data collection process was carried
out directly using interview techniques to 30 respondents who were selected by purposive
sampling. Data from the interviews then processed and analyzed using descriptive analysis
methods and quantitative analysis. The results of the research that have been conducted show
that the socio-economic characteristics of tappers based on the results of the study are the
average age of tappers is around 41-48 years which is included in the productive age, the level of
education is still low with a percentage of 50% are elementary school graduates, the amount of
the average family dependents included in the category of small family with the number of
dependents 1-2 people, the main livelihood is as farmers, the tappers have an average 1-2 ha of
tapping area, the number of tapped pine trees is at intervals of 20-32 trees with a percentage of
27%, the average age of pine is 40 years, the production of sap produced by tappers are average
176-367 kg per month with a percentage of 53% and the average income of tappers is Rp
2.523.661,27 per month where the income of tappers is still below minimum wage (City or
Regency Minimum Wage / UMK) of Maros Regency 2019 that is Rp 3.100.000,00. The socio-
economic characteristics are thought to have an effect on tappers^ income are age, family
dependence, type of work, land ownership, working hours, number of trees, age of pine and sap
production. Pine sap production has a significant positive effect at the 99% confidence level and
land area has a significant effect on total household income at the 95% confidence level.

Keywords: Socio-economic- Income- Pine sap tapping- Covid-19

Topic: Adapting Agricultural Production to Covid-19

10
 [ABS-229]
The teak harvesting technique in community forest during the covid- 19

A. Mujetahid (a*), Iswara Gautama (a), Nurdin Dalya (a)

a) Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Hasanuddin, Indonesia

Abstract

We will try to investigate changes in teak harvesting techniques due to the Covid-19 outbreak at
research locations in community teak forests. This research aims to identify the techniques that
used in harvesting community teak forests. The techniques used in each harvesting process,
including felling, skidding, and timber transportation processes were analyzed using qualitative
descriptive analysis. The results showed that the technique used in the wood harvesting process
was a semi-mechanical technique that combined the use of manual and mechanical equipment.
Manual equipment is widely used in the felling and skidding process, while mechanical
equipment is used in the felling and transportation processes. The felling is carried out to cut
down the tree, which is then carried out by dividing the stems into parts that are suitable for
skidding. Mechanical equipment in felling using chainsaws in the felling process and for the
stems. Furthermore, in the branch cleaning process using manual equipment in the form of
machetes. Felling is carried out by one operator by observing four basic steps in felling including
determining the direction of felling, making the felling notch and the back cut. Furthermore, the
pilgrimage process is carried out using manual equipment by means of a shoulder, using an
ARTCO cart, horse, and dompeng. The method used in the skidding process at the research
location is still manual with several considerations including- field conditions, such as
unavailability of road access to the felling site and scattered locations, volume of timber to be
skidded, and relatively low cost. In the final process of harvesting, the transport of skidded wood
to the industry is carried out by mechanical engineering using a rented truck based on the number
of trips with a maximum load volume of four m3 per trip.

Keywords: Harvesting technique- Teak forest- Covid-19

Topic: Adapting Agricultural Production to Covid-19

11
 [ABS-232]
The cost of harvesting process in teak community forest during the covid-19

Iswara Gautama (a*), A. Mujetahid (a), Nurdin Dalya (a), Andi Vika Faradiba Muin (a)

a) Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Hasanuddin, Indonesia

Abstract

This pandemic also affected the amount of costs incurred from the teak harvesting process.
Based on previous research, we tried to compare the costs arising from teak harvesting during the
pandemic. On the other hand, Cost analysis of community teak harvesting aims to analyze the
costs incurred by the community at each harvesting process, starting at the felling, skidding, to
transportation stages, both in self-managed systems and in wholesale systems. Data were
collected through observation and interviews which were then analyzed using quantitative
descriptive analysis by calculating the costs for each harvesting process. Machine costs are
obtained by adding up fixed costs and variable costs incurred, while operating costs are obtained
by adding up machine costs with operator and helper wages. The results showed that during the
felling process, the machine costs incurred ranged from Rp 6.659,25 to Rp 8.749,54 with an
average of Rp 7.682,73 which consisted of fixed costs Rp 970,83 (12.64%) and variable costs Rp
6.711,90 (87.36%). Furthermore, the business costs incurred in the felling process ranged from
Rp 14.712,33 to Rp 25.421,81 with an average Rp 18.908,08. In the skidding process, the costs
incurred based on the skid tools used include using a dompeng of Rp 21.277,17 per hour, human
carrying Rp 10.001,00 per hour, horse Rp 6.777,33 per hour and ARTCO cart Rp 5.460,34 per
hour. The biggest cost component is labor wages, which range from Rp. 5.000 to Rp. 10.000 per
hour, except by using a (mechanical) dompeng. The transportation process, which is the final
process of harvesting, costs from Rp 200.000 to Rp 250.000 per m3.

Keywords: Harvesting cost- Teak forest, Covid-19

Topic: Adapting Agricultural Production to Covid-19

12
 [ABS-249]
The impact of covid-19 on supply chain: case study on agricultural production

DP Sahar (a*), MT Afifudin (a), ABR Indah (b)

a) Industrial Engineering, Universitas Pattimura, Ambon, Indonesia

b) Department of Industrial Engineering, Universitas Hasanuddin, Gowa, Indonesia

*dian.sahar.industri@gmail.com

Abstract

Government restrictions in Indonesia during the Covid-19 pandemic had an impact on the food
supply chain. This is found at every level of the food supply chain. At the supplier level
(farmers), there is an accumulation of agricultural products. This is compounded for perishable
food. At the manufacturing level (industry), there is a delay in the production process because
food is difficult in the delivery process (transportation). This is compounded if the food material
is imported. At the consumer level, price fluctuations occur because the supply of food is limited
and panic buying behaviour. This article discusses the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the
agribusiness industry in several countries. In Indonesia, the government enforces national food
security to anticipate the global food crisis. This policy is carried out by utilizing local products
to shorten the food supply chain.

Keywords: food supply chain, agricultural production, agribusiness, government restrictions.

Topic: Adapting Agricultural Production to Covid-19

13
 [ABS-255]
A review of food logistic strategic during covid-19

MT Afifudin (a*), DP Sahar (a), ABR Indah (b)

a) Industrial Engineering, Universitas Pattimura, Ambon, Indonesia

b) Department of Industrial Engineering, Universitas Hasanuddin, Gowa, Indonesia

*thezar.afifudin@fatek.unpatti.ac.id

Abstract

Since the imposition of government restrictions in Indonesia, food logistics has encountered
obstacles. Whereas agricultural products are classified as perishable food, so special handling is
needed in their distribution. Agricultural distribution discusses the flow of agricultural product
from farmers to consumers. Farmers harvest agricultural products, then immediately distribute
them. Several business strategies can be implemented to overcome the food logistic problem
during the Covid-19 pandemic. This article outlines the strategies the food industry can adopt to
stay in the food business. It turns out that online sales can increase the revue of the food industry.
In addition, preserving food can be an option for the food industry to keep food durable.

Keywords: food logistic, food industry, business strategy, agricultural distribution

Topic: Adapting Agricultural Production to Covid-19

14
 [ABS-365]
Total number of sacrificial animal slaughter in Batu City, East Java: before and during the
COVID-19 pandemic

E Saputro (a,c), D Rosidi (a), L E Radiatia, Warsito (b)

a) Faculty of Animal Science, University of Brawijaya, 65145 Veteran Street, Malang, East Java,
Indonesia
b) Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, University of Brawijaya, 65145 Veteran Street, Malang,
East Java, Indonesia
c) National Animal Husbandry Training Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Republic of Indonesia, 65312
Songgoriti Street, Batu, East Java, Indonesia
E-mail: djalal_tht@ub.ac.id

Abstract

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the 2020 total number of reported sacrificial animal slaughter in Batu
City, East Java decreased by 15.566% from 2019. The 2020 total number of reported sacrificial animal
slaughter reached 4,486 heads in 386 slaughter locations. The cause of the decline was due to the
economic contraction in East Java due to the COVID-19 pandemic; Muslim students and guardians in
every school did not implementing the tradition of ‘arisan’ or sacrificial animal contributions because it
was closed and the tradition of slaughtering sacrificial animals was not implemented in government or
private institutions. Mojorejo Village during the COVID-19 pandemic, became the village with the most
number of sacrificial animals in Batu City, amounting to 13.576% of the total sacrificial animals. The
most sacrificial animals chosen by the Muslim community in Batu City were a sheep, accounting for
46.233% of the total sacrificial animals. Based on the total number of sacrificial animals during the
COVID-19 pandemic, the total number of Muslim carried out sacrifices in Batu City was 8,188 people or
3.909% of the total Muslim population of Batu City. There was a decrease in the total number of Muslim
who carried out sacrifices by 12.773% from 2019.

Keywords:

Topic: Adapting Agricultural Production to Covid-19

15
 [ABS-366]
The Impact of Covid-19 on the slaughtering number of sacrificial animals in East Java,
Indonesia

E Saputro (a,c), D Rosidi (a), L E Radiatia, Warsito (b)

a) Faculty of Animal Science, University of Brawijaya, 65145 Veteran Street, Malang, East Java,
Indonesia
b) Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, University of Brawijaya, 65145 Veteran Street, Malang,
East Java, Indonesia
c) National Animal Husbandry Training Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Republic of Indonesia, 65312
Songgoriti Street, Batu, East Java, Indonesia
E-mail: djalal_tht@ub.ac.id

Abstract

Before the COVID-19 pandemic, the total number of reported sacrificial animal slaughter in East
Java increased by 27.332% from 2018. In the COVID-19 pandemic (2020), it was decreased by -
4,986% compared to last year (2019). The cause were the economic contraction, the absence of
the tradition of ‘arisan’ or regular social gathering by Muslim students in every school and the
tradition of sacrificial animals slaughter was not implemented in government or private agencies.
Based on the 2020 percentage of decline, Kota Kediri was the highest percentage reduction
compared to the year 2019 amounted to - 87.977%. While if it was based on the reduction
amount, Jombang Regency became the highest drop as many -45.713% from the year 2019.
Malang Regency was the most total number of reported sacrificial animals slaughtering ever
since the year 2018 to 2020. The most many chosen by the Muslim in East Java for sacrificial
animals was a goat.
Keywords:

Topic: Adapting Agricultural Production to Covid-19

16
 [ABS-25]
Community empowerment to improving community economy through training on the
development of taro

Andi Dirpan (a*), Muh. Yuslim Patawari (b), Agus Bintara Birawida (c)

a) department of Agricultural Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Hasanuddin

b) Politeknik pertanian Negeri Pangkajenen dan Kepulauan , Indonesia
c) Department of Enviromental Health, Hasanuddin University. Jalan Perintis Kemerdekaan Km.10,
Makassar

Abstract

The Hasanuddin University Regional Partnership Program (PKW) in collaboration with

POLITANI and the Pinrang District Government have carried out community service activities
with the aim of overcoming the problems in Patampanua District especially Malimpung village.
Knowledge and skills in utilizing natural resources around are one of the essential things that
need to be known by the community to improve the economy and improve the welfare of the
community as one of the solutions to reduce poverty. The purpose of this activity is to increase
the knowledge and skills of the Malimpung village community about processing into taro chips
products. This activity was carried out in the village of Malimpung on 23-25 July 2018 by
involving the community as a target. The executing methods used in this activity are counseling,
demonstration, and implementation. The results of this activity can increase people’s knowledge
of the nutritional content of taro tubers and taro chips, ingredients, and procedures for making
taro chips, as well as the storage and packaging process for taro chips.

Keywords: Taro, taro chips, Malimpung village community

Topic: Agricultural Institutions Development

17
 [ABS-288]
Effect of cocoa bark compost and liquid organic fertilizer (POC) of gamal leaves (Gliricidia
sepium) on the growth of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.)

Asmiaty Sahur (a), Nasaruddin (b), and Alifia Alfadilah Syam (b)

a) Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Hasanuddin

Abstract

This research aims to find out the effectiveness of cocoa skin compost and liquid organic
fertilizer gamal leaves so that a response to cocoa plant growth in the vegetative growth phase of
cocoa plantations in soppeng region.. This research was conducted in January to May 2020 in
Jampu-jampu Hamlet, Congko Village, Marioriwawo District, Soppeng Regency, South
Sulawesi Province. The study was based on a two-factorial pattern (F2F) in the RandomIzed
Design Group consisting of no cocoa skin compost (k0), 2.27 kg (k1) cocoa skin compost
administration, 4.54 kg (k2) cocoa compost administration, and without the administration of
liquid organic fertilizer gamal leaves (n0), the administration of liquid organic fertilizer of gamal
leaves 10 ml/L (n1), the administration of liquid organic fertilizer of gamal leaves 15 ml/L (n2),
the administration of liquid organic fertilizer of gamal leaves 20 ml/L (n3). The results showed
that the interaction between cocoa skin compost treatment and liquid organic fertilizer of gamal
leaves can improve the vegetative phase, namely increasing the percentage of fruit surviving,
stomat density, and the area of stomata openings. The application of cocoa skin compost in
cocoa plants is effective in increasing the of the formed fruit, the of the deciduous fruit, as well
as the total area of the leaves. While the application of liquid organic fertilizer of gamal leaves
gives the best influence on the percentage of autumn fruit valves.

Keywords: Cocoa, compost, liquid organic fertilizer

Topic: Agricultural Institutions Development

18
 [ABS-33]
Designing business models for rural agroindustry to increase the added value of coconut

Suci Wulandari (a) Jelfina C. Alouw (b)

a) Indonesian Center for Estate Crops Research and Development

b) International Coconut Community

Abstract

Indonesia is the world^s largest coconut producer, where smallholder plantations play a
significant role. Most coconut processing at the farmer level and using traditional techniques.
Whole coconut and copra are primary product sales, and income-generating from coconut
farming currently very low because there is no by-products processing. The integrated coconut
industry is one strategy to produce processed products with added value by utilizing all product
components. Implementing a rural-based integrated coconut industry faced several constraints.
This paper aims to analyze the constraints of increasing coconut added value, identify the
business model for coconut rural agroindustry development, and develop a support system model
for implementing the business models. Three business model patterns can be built, distinguished
by business model structure, role sharing and risk management. The actors involved are farmers,
farmer groups or cooperatives, and small-medium enterprises. The development of a business
model in the integrated coconut industry also requires an innovation system that allows the
transfer of knowledge and technology. The innovation system focuses on activities of capacity
building, technology transfer, market access, and financial.

Keywords: coconut, agroindustry, rural, business model

Topic: Agricultural Institutions Development

19
 [ABS-34]
Strengthening women’s entrepreneurship capabilities in palm-cattle integrated farming
system

Suci Wulandari (a*), Renato Villano (b)

a) Indonesian Center for Estate Crops Research and Development, Bogor, Indonesia
b) University of New England, Armidale, Australia

*suciwulandari@hotmail.com

Abstract

Rural women entrepreneurs plays a significant role in economic, social and sustainable
agriculture development aspects in addition to increasing added value, creating a thriving
community system, and encouraging the achievement of a competitive agribusiness system. One
of the agribusiness systems that is developing in Indonesia is palm cattle integration. However,
the entrepreneurial capabilities of women in palm-cattle integration is still limited due to
underlying issues and challenges. Using qualitative techniques, this paper aims to evaluate the
women^s entrepreneurship aspects in the palm-cow integrated system and identify potential
strategy to strengthen women entrepreneurship skills. The performance of women
entrepreneurship is not only influenced by individual factors, but also external factors driven by
the agribusiness system and the external environment. Strategy to strengthen women
entrepreneurship can be considered through a two-pronged approach - assistance program and
facilitation support. The results offer useful insight for policymakers and stakeholders to address
issues of women entrepreneurship in the context of accelerating the implementation of palm-
cattle integration.

Keywords: women, participation, entrepreneurship, palm-cattle

Topic: Agricultural Institutions Development

20
 [ABS-50]
Kalibening avocado farming scenario in Kebondalem village, Semarang regency, Central
Java

Siti Sehat Tan (a), Rita Indrasti (b), Afrizal Malik (c)

a) Center for Agricultural Technology Research and Development (ICATAD)

b) Center for Agricultural Technology Research and Development (ICATAD)
c) Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology (AIAT)

Abstract

Kalibening Avocado may be found in the Kalibening and Kebondalem Villages, Jambu District,
Semarang Regency. It is a local resource primadonna as the Kalibening avocado has excellent
prospects. It has sweet taste and thick fruit meat so it is very well liked by the market. Seed sales
market has reached out of the Central Java Province and even it has also been sold online.
Approximately 87% of the Kebondalem people have developed and worked on the Kalibening
Avocado seeding. The purpose of paper is to provide information related to the Kalibening
Avocado farming marketed with two methods namely the Avocado fruit and seedlings obtained
from the parent plant tree. The analysis method used was scripted analysis. Data was collect,
using open interview techniques, then the results were analysed. Secondary data was obtained
from a variety of research sources relevant to the study. The location was chosen deliberately, as
it was a the only Kalibening Avocado center in Central Java Province. The results of the analysis
showed that the two scenarios reviewed had a low input costs with the R/C ratio of 2.5, this
means that it was very favourable

Keywords: Scenario, Farming, Avocado

Topic: Agricultural Institutions Development

21
 [ABS-58]
The role of cooperatives in marketing arabica coffee (case study of benteng alla farmers’
cooperative in Benteng Alla Utara village)

Nurbaya Busthanul (a*), Idris Summase (a), Tamzil Ibrahim (a), Rusli M. Rukka (a), Abdul
Rahim (a), Heliawati (a)

a) Agribusiness Study Program, Department of Agricultural Socio-Economics, Faculty of

Agriculture, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar

*n.busthanul0963@gmail.com

Abstract

Cooperatives are a product of the government’s efforts to improve the national economy. The
agricultural sector is the backbone of the national economy, so that if the cooperative in the
agricultural sector functions properly, it will greatly assist in improving the national economy.
The purpose of this study was to analyze the role of the Cooperative Tani Benteng Alla in
marketing Arabica coffee, and to analyze the development strategy of the Cooperative Tani
Benteng Alla in marketing Arabica coffee . The analysis technique used is the SWOT analysis.
The results of this study indicate that the Benteng Alla farmer cooperative is not only used as a
place for members to gather but a place where they can get experience and knowledge about the
activities carried out by the cooperative, and cooperatives will also build farmers and rural
communities who have superior human resource quality which includes increasing skills and
skills (business and organization), knowledge, and developing the entrepreneurial spirit of the
farmers themselves.

Keywords: Farmers’ Cooperative, SWOT Analysis, National Economy

Topic: Agricultural Institutions Development

22
 [ABS-59]
Institutional strengthening of rice seed based on community in supporting food security
(study case of thousand seed self-reliance-villages in Central Java)

Cahyati Setiani (a), Indrie Ambarsari (a), Munir Eti Wulanjari (a)

a) Assessment Institute of Agricultural Technology Central Java

Abstract

Seedling-system transformation has been gradually shifted the seed authority management from
farmer and breeder to multinational companies. This circumstance should be balanced with
farmer capability in producing seeds independently to prevent capitalization. Thus, the Ministry
of Agriculture has declared the thousand seed-self-reliance villages as a community-based
program to face those challenges. This study aimed to evaluate the importance of institutional
strengthening through the seed self-reliance-villages program to improve food security and
increase farmer welfare. This research was conducted based on the survey method and Focus
Group Discussion at five districts (Kendal, Boyolali, Tegal, Klaten, and Sragen) in Central Java.
The result showed that global agreement obstructs the community-based seedling system,
particularly in breeding and certification. A community-based rice seedling institution is
threatening discontinued due to asymmetric interaction between the actors. Moreover, this
seedling institution should be strengthening from the technological aspect and property right
arrangements to achieve food security improvement. In the end, the government role as a
facilitator is critical in this community-based seedling institution, especially in capital aspects.

Keywords: food security, institutional, rice seed, based on community

Topic: Agricultural Institutions Development

23
 [ABS-105]
Strengthening competitiveness of agricultural products through reactivation of
agribusiness sub-terminal in Pulang Pisau, Central Kalimantan

Iwan Setiajie Anugrah (a*) and Yovita Anggita Dewi (b)

a) Pusat Sosial Ekonomi dan Kebijakan Pertanian, Jl. Tentara Pelajar No 3B, Cimanggu, Bogor, Jawa
Barat, 16114, Indonesia
b) Balai Besar Pengkajian dan Pengembangan Teknologi Pertanian, Jl. Tentara Pelajar 10, Cimanggu,
Bogor, Jawa Barat, 16114, Indonesia

Abstract

The potential of small medium enterprises (SMEs) of agricultural product in Pulang Pisau
District, Central Kalimantan is enormous. One of the opportunities to support the marketing of
agricultural products produced by SMEs is through reactivation of the Agribusiness Sub-
Terminal (AST) institutional which has been built for a long time but its activities have not been
optimal. This paper aims to analyze the institutional function of AST in supporting the
empowerment of SMEs agricultural products, especially in expanding product marketing, so that
it becomes a brand image for local products in specific areas of Pulang Pisau and Central
Kalimantan. The research was conducted in 2015 in Pulang Pisau District, Central Kalimantan
Province. The location and the respondents were determined purposively. The data collection
method was carried out by structured and unstructured interviews, direct discussions and Forum
Group Discussion (FGD) with various stakeholders. The data were analysed descriptively. The
results of the analysis showed that the ATS concept is very strategic to be used as a centralized
facility, as an entrance and center for product information, marketing media of SMEs products
and mapping of SMEs activity clusters. The synergy of the roles and policies of local
governments as well as the active role of stakeholders is required to encourage the existence of
AST, so agricultural products become better known, have a wider consumer market, absorb
agricultural production, and robust the local economy.

Keywords: agricultural products, agribusiness-sub terminal, reactivation, competitiveness

Topic: Agricultural Institutions Development

24
 [ABS-139]
Adaptation test of off-season shallots varieties as efforts to increase production

Wahid (a*), Edwen Waas (a), Risma Fira Sunet (a), Agung Budi Santoso (b),
Ismatul Hidayah (c)

a) Institute for Agricultural Technology Maluku. Jl. Chr Soplanit. Rumah Tiga Ambon
b) Institute for Agricultural Technology Sumatra Utara Medan
c) Institute for Agricultural Technology Banten

Abstract

Red onion price fluctuations can be overcome by planting shallots outside the season. However,
off-season cropping patterns are constrained by the most common technical problems, including
the use of low quality seeds, pest attacks, and cultivation techniques. The research was
conducted in Oli Village, Salahutu District, Central Maluku Regency in May - July 2018, carried
out when the rainfall was high. All treatments use shade to reduce the impact of rainfall.
Determination of the time of the study was carried out with the consideration to determine the
level of resistance of shallots to conditions of high rainfall (outside the season). This study used a
factorial randomized block design with two factors, namely variatas (Bauji, Trisula and Bima
Brebes) and spacing (15 x 15 and 20 x 15 cm). Parameters observed included plant height,
number of tillers, and number of leaves observed at the age of 14, 28, 42, and 62 days after
planting, number of tubers, weight of wet tubers, weight of dry tubers, and yield of crop plots
which were converted to hectares after drying. . Data analysis used statistical methods, consisting
of analysis of variance / ANOVA (F-test) to determine the effect of treatment and t-test (DMRT)
to see the effect between treatments tested using the Gomez and Gomez procedures. The results
showed that the package of Bima Brebes variety with a spacing of 20 x 15 was 20 percent higher
than the existing technology package.

Keywords: Variety Test, Spacing, Off-season

Topic: Agricultural Institutions Development

25
 [ABS-170]
Rules, reciprocity and livelihood outcome: A case of nomadic duck herder in South
Sulawesi

Darmawan Salman (a*), Kasmiyati Kasim (b), Asmita Ahmad (c)

a) Department of Social Economic, Agricultural Faculty, Hasanuddin University, 90245

Makassar, Indonesia
b) Department of Social Economic, Animal Husbandry Faculty, Hasanuddin University, 90245
Makassar, Indonesia
c) Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Hasanuddin, 90245
Makassar, Indonesia

*) darsalman1963@gmail.com

Abstract

Nomadic duck herders in South Sulawesi have contributed to its development of agriculture that
integrates lowland rice and duck livestock. In this integration, ducks contribute to soil fertility
through their feces and help control pests because they eat snails and grass pests. On the nomadic
duck herder side, this activity is a source of income, the sustainability of which depends on the
relationship with the rice field owners, including several rules that apply between them. This
study aims to analyze the role of compliance with norms and reciprocity relationships in creating
livelihood outcomes. The method used is grounded theory research. Data is collected through in-
depth interviews and analyzed through open, axial, and selective coding. It concluded that
compliance with the rules in determining grazing land, schedule for the exit and entry of ducks in
rice fields, and good relations between duck herders and local people supported livelihood
activities. Also, the reciprocal relationship between duck herder and rice field owner is a factor
that influences the livelihood outcome obtained by duck herder.

Keywords: duck, rice fields, livelihood, sustainability

Topic: Agricultural Institutions Development

26
 [ABS-177]
Physiological responses of growth and production of baby corn (Zea mays Saccharata L.)
due to application of agricultural waste based compost and NPK fertilizer

Syamsir Pante Sukun (a), Amir Yassi (b), Muh. Farid (b), Ifayanti Ridwan (b)

a) Master Student, Agrotechnology, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, 90245, Indonesia.

b) Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, 90245,
Indonesia

Abstract

A trial was conducted to study the physiological responses of baby corn to changes in soil
fertility by application of organic and inorganic fertilizers. The research was conducted at the
Teaching Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Hasanuddin from May to August 2020. The
experiment was arranged based on a factorial randomized block design (RBD) with two factors
repeated 3 times. The first factor is the dosage of green compost consisted of four levels, namely
0, 3, 4, and 5 tons ha. The second factor was the percentage of NPK fertilization from the
recommendations consisted of four levels, namely NPK 100persen, 75persen, 50persen, and
25persen. The results show that the treatment of 4 ton ha of green compost resulted in the highest
absorption rate of CO2 (336.2) and the highest humidity level (68.8persen). 100persen NPK
fertilizer treatment showed the highest CO2 absorption rate (338.1), the highest leaf
photosynthesis rate (36.1). The treatment of 5 ton ha of green compost and 100persen NPK
fertilizer resulted in the lowest transpiration rate (0.20 liters). The treatment of 3 ton ha green
compost and 100persen NPK fertilizer resulted in earlier flowering age (46.3 days) and heaviest
ear weight (63.67 g). The treatment of 5 ton ha green compost with 50persen NPK fertilizer
resulted in the longest ear length with husk (21.72 cm). Treatment of 4 ton ha green compost
with 100persen NPK fertilization resulted in the longest ear length without husk (10.52 cm).

Keywords: Green Compost, NPK, Semi Corn (Zea mays. L)

Topic: Agricultural Institutions Development

27
 [ABS-225]
Farmer institutional and feasibility study on red chili pepper in kepung district, Kediri
regency, East Java province

Rita Indrasti (a*), Siti Sehat Tan (a), Jefny B. Markus Rawung (b), Neng Risris Sudolar (c)

a) Indonesian Center for Agricultural Technology Assessment and Development, Indonesia

b) North Sulawesi Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology, Indonesia
c) Jakarta Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology, Indonesia

*) ritaindrasti@yahoo.com

Abstract

The assessment was carried out in Kepung District, Kediri Regency, East Java Province. The
study was aimed to determine the performance of farmers and the feasibility of red chili farming.
The study was conducted within June to October 2016. Either the primary and secondary data
were collected. As much as 25 respondents have been chosen randomly. The paper presents the
feasibility of red chili pepper farming and the farmer institutional performance thoroughly,
including the institutional development in Farmer Groups Association (Gapoktan)

Keywords: farmer institutional, farming business, feasibility, red chili pepper

Topic: Agricultural Institutions Development

28
 [ABS-258]
Development of Bulu Sipong Park (PT Semen Tonasa) to support the preservation of the
diversity of ecosystem karst

Fajri Ansari (a*), Retno Prayudyaningsih (a) Albert Donatus Mangopang (a)

a) Environment and Forestry Research and Development Institute of Makassar

Jalan Perintis Kemerdekaan km. 16, 5 Makassar 90243, Indonesia

*) averhoa@gmail.com

Abstract

Mining is an activity that causes biodiversity degradation. One type of open-pit mining that
affects the environment is limestone mining which is carried out in karst areas. Karts is one of
the ecosystems whose area is limited but has a high level of endemic biodiversity. Therefore,
conservation efforts in the form of in situ conservation are not sufficient, it is necessary to pursue
ex-situ conservation as well. To support the preservation of biodiversity in the karst area, PT
Semen Tonasa is working to build a Bulu Sipong park. Bulu Sipong is a karst hill that is part of
the proposed biodiversity park along with ex-clay mining areas. Therefore, management is
needed basic data of biodiversity that occurred at Bulu Sipong park. This data is important to be
used in preparing plans for the enrichment of biodiversity in the area. Vegetation observation
was carried out using a square plot. Data were analyzed by calculating the dominance, density,
frequency, and important value index. Furthermore, an analysis of the conservation status and
endemicity of vegetation was carried out. The results showed that the diversity index of Bulu
Sipong park was still moderate. Therefore, this paper discusses recommendations for managing
the Bulu Sipong Park.

Keywords: biodiversity, mining, karst, ex-situ

Topic: Biodiversity and Climate Change

29
 [ABS-259]
Bird diversity and structure in different landcover in mining concession

Andi Siady Hamzah (a*), Siti Halimah Larekeng (a), Nasri (a), Munajat Nursaputra (a), Andi
Subhan Mustari (b), Abdur Rahman Arif (c), Aris Prio Ambodo (d), Yohan Lawang (d), Andri
Ardiansyah (d)

a) Faculty of Forestry, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, South Sulawesi, Indonesia

b) Faculty of Engineering, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
c) Faculty of Math and Science, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, South Sulawesi,
Indonesia
d) PT Vale Indonesia Tbk, Sorowako, East Luwu 92983, South Sulawesi, Indonesia

*) siadyhamzah@unhas.ac.id

Abstract

Birds are important for the ecosystem by providing various ecological service. The diversity and
the structure of the birds in different landcover were investigated in mining concession of PT.
Vale Indonesia. Using the point count and line transect method, we conducted a study of
diversity, structure and the distribution of birds in four different landcover: i) High-Density
Forest- ii) Moderate Density Forest- iii) Low-Density Forest- iv) Shrubs. Data were collected
from February to March 2020. Fortynine species of 29 families were recorded. Among all we
found 14 endemic species of Sulawesi, 2 species are near-threatened species and 1 species is
vurnarable species. The species composition in Moderate Density Forest was more similar to
High-Density Forest than to shrubs. The availability of food resources and the characteristic of
the vegetation may be vital to the diversity of birds in every habitat. Therefore, this study
indicates that land-cover change and modification may affect bird diversity structure, and the
maintenance of the vegetation as food resource and as habitat is essential for bird conservation.
On the other hand, the diversity of the bird can help the succesion of the forest and support the
revegetation program in mining area.

Keywords: bird diversity, landcover, conservation

Topic: Biodiversity and Climate Change

30
 [ABS-8]
Different water content and soil amendment effect on water use efficiency in maize growth

Burhanuddin Rasyid (a), Christanto Lopulisa (a), Hazairin Subair (a), Masria (b)

a) Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Hasanuddin

b) Politani, Kupang, NTT

Abstract

Soil-water interactions and its management is a serious issue in water availability for plant
cultivation, especially in the water-scarce area. The objective of this study is to determine the
water use efficiency of maize which is cultivated in vertisol soil with different water content and
soil amendment application. The experiment was designed in four-level water content of field
capacity (FC) vis., 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%., and three treatments of soil amendment (control,
biochar, and zeolite addition). Data was collected in terms of water content dynamics (water use
efficiency, crop water consumption), and dry matter weight. Results found that biochar
application had a significant effect on all parameters evaluated compare to control and zeolite. In
the combination with treatments, there is no significant effect of soil amendment and control
with 70% and 80% FC treatments to plant dry weight. The various value was also observed in
crop water consumption with a significant effect in soil amendment on 100% and 70% FC,
conversely, there is a no different effect in 80% and 90% FC. Water use efficiency was affected
by the soil amendment but it showed differences in treatment of water content level. All results
of this study, therefore, concluded that soil amendment and water content management need to
be combined in support plant growth in the area with water scarcity become the limiting factor.

Keywords: water content, soil amendment, water use efficiency, biochar

Topic: Biodiversity and Climate Change

31
 [ABS-21]
Comparative analysis of water requirements in different agricultural systems in karst
areas of Maros district

M Abbas (a), B Rasyid (b), M Achmad (c)

a) Master study program of Agricultural Systems, Graduate School, Hasanuddin University

b) Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University.
c) Department of Agricultural Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University.

Abstract

Karst landscapes connected to dissolve process, especially in the tropics. This process makes it
prone to drought because groundwater is not able to tie up properly so that water goes
underground and created sub-surface flow. The soil surface conditions become dry, especially on
agricultural lands. The interaction of water and other physical factors affects plant growth, so it
must be considered. Water flow through the pores in the soil and carries nutrients to reach the
surface of plant roots. The research objective was to determine the water requirements of plants
in different agricultural systems in the karst area of Maros Regency. Method involved some data
in the form of climate data (Eto), planting data (Kc) and soil characteristics data. From the three
data, the crop water requirement can be calculated using the CROPWAT. Different agricultural
systems include rice for paddy fields, soybeans for dryland farming and coffee for secondary
dryland forest. The results showed (ETc) rice plants with an average evapotranspiration value of
315 mm one planting period. The average plant evapotranspiration (ETc) of soybean was 260
mm one planting period. Coffee (ETc), which represents the water requirement of the cocoa,
ranges from 68.8 - 129.6 mm / month.

Keywords: Karts, water, paddy, soybean, coffee

Topic: Biodiversity and Climate Change

32
 [ABS-286]
Policy analysis of the adaptation of makassar city’s government for climate change and
global warming

Wardiman Dg. Sipato (a), Kahar Mustari (b), Kaimuddin (b), Elsa Damayanti (a)

a) Management of Environment, Postgraduate, Hasanuddin University

b) Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University

Abstract

Government plays important role in adapting, planning, and implementing to work and Program
succeeded with the right target depend on central government, regional government, and national
institutions, also international institution involvement. The research aims to analyze Makassar
regional government to adapt to climate-changing by seeing programs include adaptation,
funding pattern, and knowledge of regional government about climate changing and global
warming issues. Research implementing in Makassar in August-October and continued by doing
a comparative study in Semarang to complete the data. Sampling uses non-probability sampling
with a purposive sampling approach. Data analysis using descriptive, qualitative, and
comparative. The result has shown Makassar regional Government has been responding to
climate changing. This is shown by policy and adaptation strategy in document RAD-API. But,
the government has a barrier in coordinating and funding their implementation. This makes the
adaptation could not work effectively. Further, the lack of government knowledge about climate
changing and global warming issues also contributes to preventing integration of policy process
to regional development planning.

Keywords: adaptation, climate-changing, policy, government, RAD-API

Topic: Biodiversity and Climate Change

33
 [ABS-35]
Screening and identification cellulolytic fungi at rhizosfer of safira taro plant

Eka Wisdawati (a*,b), Tutik Kuswinanti (c), Ade Rosmana (c), Andi Nasruddin (c)

a) The Agricultural Science, Graduate School, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
b) Plantation Department, Pangkep State Polytechnic of Agriculture, Indonesia
c) Departement of Plant Pest and Disease,Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Makassar
90245, Indonesia

*ekawisdawati@gmail.com

Abstract

Agriculture waste and pathogen cell wall of plant contain a lot of cellulose which are very
difficult to degrade. One of the ways to hydrolyze them is through utilizing cellulase, an enzyme
produced from secondary metabolite of cellulolytic fungi. This research was aimed at isolating
fungi from rhizosphere of safira taro plant and testing the isolate capability to produce cellulase
enzyme to be able to act as decomposer and biocontrol of the plant. The research methods are
isolating rhizosphere fungi, testing isolate capability in producing cellulase enzyme and
identifying potential isolate producing cellulolytic fungi. It obtained 10 fungi isolates, 4 were
negative and 6 positive in producing cellulase enzyme with cellulolytic index 1.16 - 1.66. The
highest index was RTB14 isolate which belongs to Aspergillus flavus.

Keywords: rhizosphere, cellulase, cllulolytic, fungi

Topic: Biodiversity and Climate Change

34
 [ABS-291]
Application of humic subtances and bottom ash compounds in improving soil quality in
lime stone post-mining land

Musfira M (a), M Jayadi (b), A Ahmad (b)

a) Program Study of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Hasanuddin

b) Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Hasanuddin

Abstract

The mining sector in Maros Regency in the past five years shows a significant growth rate, one
of which is PT. Bosowa which has a limestone mine site with an area of 749.14 Ha mining
license. Limestone mining leaves the ex-mine land with poor soil chemical quality, which
requires efforts to improve soil quality. One way that can be used is by applying humic subtances
and coal ash (Bottom ash). Humic subtances can be used as fertilizer to increase the availability
of macro nutrients in the soil and improve pH and the application of coal ash can improve the
chemical, physical and biological properties of the soil because it has a pH value, high organic C
content, available P, and basic cations such as K, Na, Ca, and Mg. This research aims to
determine the effect and interaction of the application of humic subtances and bottom ash
interaction with different doses to improve the quality of soil after limestone quarry. This
research uses a randomized block design in a factorial pattern. This experiment consisted of
humic subtances factor (H) with 4 levels namely H0, H1 (0.09%), H2 (0.12%), and H3 (0.15%)
and bottom ash factor (B) with three levels : B0, B1 (400 grams), B2 (600 grams) totally 12
treatment combinations then the number of experimental units is 36 experimental units. Humic
subtances at H2 concentration (0.15%) significantly increased C-organic, K, P-available, Mg-dd
and increased plant height, whereas the treatment of bottom ash at a dose of B2 (600 grams)
significantly affected the increase in C-organic , P-available, and Mg-dd. The treatment of humic
subtances with concentrations of H3 (0.15%) and bottom ash at a dose of 600 grams is the best
interaction characterized by an increase in soil pH, CEC, Ca-dd, K, and Na. Based on the results
of the study it can be concluded that the aplication of humic subtances with a concentration of
H3 (0.15%) or 1500 ppm and the provision of bottom ash with a dose of B2 (600 grams) or 120
tons / ha have a significant effect.

Keywords: post-mining soil, soil chemical properties, humic subtances, bottom ash

Topic: Biodiversity and Climate Change

35
 [ABS-38]
Composition and nutritional content of honey trigona sp in the tikep forest management
unit (kph) north moluccas

Aqshan Shadikin Nurdin(a*), Emy Saelan (b), Iin Nurdiyanti Nurdin (c), Dustan (d)

a)Department of Forestry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Khairun,Ternate,North Moluccas,

Indonesia
b)Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Khairun, Ternate, North
Moluccas, Indonesia
c)Department of Fisheries Product Technology, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences,
Muhammadiyah University of Kendari, Kendari, Southeast Sulawesi
d)Departemen of Biology Faculty of Sains and Technology Institut Teknologi dan Kesehatan Avicenna
Kendari, South East Sulawesi

Abstract

Abstract. One of the products of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) among them is honey bees
which have a high use and economic value. Honey is flower nectar that is absorbed by a honey
bee into a honey bag inside its body. The purpose of this study was to determine the composition
and nutrient content of Trigona sp. honey located in the Tikep forest management unit (KPH).
The sampling method used in this study is using purposive sampling. Analysis of the sample
through a proximate test includes analysis of water content, ash content, fat content, protein
content, and carbohydrates. Based on the results of the study, the water content in both samples
was very high. The test results show in the forest sample (37.22%) and cultivation (35.18%), the
value exceeds the category determined by SNI No. 01-3545-2004 a maximum of 22%. The
results of the ash content analysis in both samples ranged from 0.79 to 1.12%. According to SNI,
the maximum content for honey ash content is 0.5%, which means that the sample of forest and
cultivation honey has exceeded the maximum SNI limit. The analysis showed the highest levels
of protein and fat in forest honey with a value of 1.72% and 10.76%. Unlike the carbohydrate
content, the cultivation honey sample is greater than forest honey with a value of 23.26%.

Keywords: composition, nutritional content, trigone honey, KPH Tikep

Topic: Biodiversity and Climate Change

36
 [ABS-294]
Dinamic of soil properties under an exotic pine (Pinus sp.) species growing in Bantaeng
Regency

Mukrimin Mukrimin(a), Muh. Ichsan Ghifary(a), Fathul Anshari(a), Gusmiaty Gusmiaty(a),

Muh. Restu(a),

a) Department of Forestry, Faculty of Forestry, Hasanuddin University, Jln. Perintis Kemerdekaan Km.
10, 90245 Makassar, Indonesia

Abstract

One of conifer species that can thrive in Indonesia is Pinus mercussii. This pine is an endemic
species on the island of Sumatra, particularly in Aceh, Tapanuli and Kerinci. In addition, there
was another exotic species (Pinus sp.) growing on the island of Sulawesi. It has never been
reported before. Therefore, this study aims to examine and describe the characteristics of the soil
under the stand of Pinus Rombeng (Pinus sp.) stand in Bantaeng Regency in term of information
on the soil nutrients under the Pinus sp. stand. The used method included sampling soil and
collecting tree tissue. The results showed that the characteristics of soil properties varied. Both
physical and chemical soil characteristics varied, particularly in soil texture class, organic matter
content, C%, N%, C/N ratio, P2O5, and Mg.

Keywords: Pinus sp., soil properties, soil nutrients, stand, Bantaeng regency

Topic: Biodiversity and Climate Change

37
 [ABS-45]
Characterization of mango (Mangifera indica L.) blungko from Rembang, Central Java

Intan Gilang Cempaka (a*), Afrizal Malik (b), Arif Susila (a)

a) BPTP Jawa Tengah, Semarang, Indonesia

b) BPTP Jawa Timur, Malang, Indonesia

* intangilangcempaka@gmail.com

Abstract

Mango is one of the tropical fruits which is favored by mostly people in the world. Indonesia,
including Central Java is the center and source of the various varieties of tropical fruit along with
diversity. The study was conducted in October 2018 in the village of Kebloran, Kragan district,
Rembang. The purpose of this study was to obtain information on the morphology and and
conservation methods of Mango Blungko. The research was directly forward evaluating the
morphological characters of such mango from Rembang. In this study, the characterization of
Mango Blungko was based on the description books of horticultural crops in 2017 published by
the Directorate General of Horticulture. The results showed that Mango Blungko had a red
yellowish flower, white petal (N 144 D), red crown (58 B) and red flower (59 A). It was also
determined that Mango Blungko had oblong of fruit shape, red yellowish edible fruit (32 B),
Sweet sour flavor and a pungent scent.

Keywords: mango, characterization, Rembang

Topic: Biodiversity and Climate Change

38
 [ABS-55]
Estimated carbon stock of various mangrove zonation in Marsegu Island. West Seram.
Maluku.

Irwanto Irwanto (a,b), Samuel Arung Paembonan (c), Ngakan Putu Oka(c),
Risma Illa Maulany (c)

a) Faculty of Agriculture. Pattimura University. Ambon. Indonesia.

b) Graduate School Student, Doctoral Program of Agricultural Science. Hasanuddin University,
Makassar. Indonesia.
c) Faculty of Forestry. Hasanuddin University, Makassar. Indonesia.

Abstract

This study aimed to determine the amount of carbon storage of various mangrove zonation
formed on Marsegu Island, West Seram, Maluku. Marsegu Island is a Raised Coral Island which
has 46.75% mangrove vegetation (112.29 ha) with the area of each zonation is 32.12 ha
(proximal zone), 39.00 ha (middle zone) and 41.17 ha (distal zone). The calculation of stored
carbon stocks of various mangrove zonation in Marsegu island used SNI guidelines (Indonesian
National Standard) 7724:2011. Field measurements for estimation of forest carbon stocks
(ground-based forest carbon accounting). The estimations of above-ground carbon stored in the
proximal zone, middle zone and distal zone are as follows: 52.11 t/ha, 70.50 t/ha, and 179.94
t/ha, Meanwhile, the below-ground (root) carbon storage is 10.62 t/ha, 13.48 t/ha, and 29.56 t/ha.
The potential amount of carbon of above and below ground plus dead trees and dead-wood
(necromass), with estimation soil carbon storage up to 20 cm depth, are: 234.07 t/ha for the
proximal zone, 317.47 t/ha for middle zone, and 451.58 t/ha for the distal zone. The estimated
total carbon stock in Mangrove Forest of Marsegu Island is 38,489.74 tonnes.

Keywords: Carbon Stock, Mangrove Zonation, Marsegu Island

Topic: Biodiversity and Climate Change

39
 [ABS-57]
Utilization of liquid organic fertilizers for banana stems and coconut husk to increase
potassium (K) nutrients in alfisols and corn

R Riyandani (a), B Rasyid (a), and S Baja (a)

a) Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Hasanuddin

Abstract

The needs of plant potassium can be done by adding banana stem liquid organic fertilizer and
coconut husk liquid organic fertilizer which contain a lot of K elements. To determine the
increase in nutrient potassium and its effect on the growth of maize to Alfisols. This research
was carried out in the form of a separate plot design consisting of the main plot P1 (banana stem
liquid organic fertilizer), P2 (coconut husk liquid organic fertilizer) and tillers plots d0 (0 ml), d2
(75 ml), d1 (50 ml), d3 (100 ml) obtained 8 treatment combinations and repeated 3 times. Liquid
organic fertilizer for banana stems and coconut husk can increase the availability of K in the soil.
At a dose of 100 ml of coconut husk liquid organic fertilizer has a significant effect on the
increase in organic C, Cation exchange capacity (CEC), Na and it also be able to increase the soil
pH of K-available, Ca-dd and shows the highest average in increasing plant height and plant dry
weight. The application of coconut husk liquid organic fertilizer has a significant effect on K
content in plants, plant height. However, it has no effect on the dose given.

Keywords: Potassium, liquid organic fertilizer, soil

Topic: Biodiversity and Climate Change

40
 [ABS-60]
Agro-morphological variation of pigmented rice landraces from South Sulawesi grown in a
temperate glasshouse of New Zealand

Arini Putri Hanifa (a,b), James Millner (a), Craig McGill (a), Rinaldi Sjahril (c)

a) School of Agriculture and Environment of Massey University, Palmerston North New Zealand
b) AIAT of South Sulawesi, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan KM 17.5 Makassar, Indonesia
c) Laboratory of Plant Bioscience and Reproduction Biotechnology, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar,
South Sulawesi 90245, Indonesia

Abstract

The present study is aimed to compare the agro-morphological traits of 15 pigmented rice
landraces and two modern rice varieties grown in the same environment. The selected rice were
cultivated in a greenhouse of Massey University, New Zealand using a randomised complete
block design with five replications. Data collection included agro-morphological observation and
measurement. Quantitative data were analysed with analysis of variance, followed with Tukey
HSD. Result showed considerable variability in seedling vigour, lodging, plant height, panicle
exsertion, panicle threshability, spikelet fertility, and maturity among the studied pigmented rice
landraces. Panicle exsertion and spikelet fertility indicate plant cope toward environmental
change, which was performed better by many landraces than modern varieties. Variability in
morphological characteristics was also recorded among tested varieties. Utilisation of the trait
diversity can be useful for future breeding programs, which can lead to this crops^ improvement,
including pest and disease resistance and grain quality research.

Keywords: agro-morphology, pigmented rice, landrace, germplasm

Topic: Biodiversity and Climate Change

41
 [ABS-61]
The daytime indoor and outdoor temperatures of subterranean termite coptotermes
curvignathus holmgren (isoptera: rhinotermitidae) tunnel

Arinana (a*), Ilmina Philippines (b), Yonny Koesmaryono (b), Sulaeha Sulaeha (c), Yani
Maharani (d), Murni Indarwatmi (e)

a) Forest Product Department, Faculty of Forestry and Environmental, IPB University, Bogor, 16880,
West Java, Indonesia
b) Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University, Bogor, 16880, West Java, Indonesia
c) Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Hasanuddin. Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan KM.10 Tamalanrea.
Makassar, South of Sulawesi, Indonesia
d) Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran (UNPAD), Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang, 21KM.
Jatinangor, Sumedang District, West Java, Indonesia
e) Center for Isotope and Radiation Application, National Nuclear Energy Agency. Jl. Lebak Bulus Raya
no 49 Lebak Bulus, Jakarta 12440, Indonesia

*arinanaiskandaria@gmail.com

Abstract

Life cycle of termite is affected by weather condition, including temperature. To keep activities
safe from any direct light, termite designs tunnels to hide. The objective of this research is to
analyze the temperature of subterranean termite Coptotermes curvignathus tunnel inside and
outside room. Tunnel temperature measurement using thermocouples tool. The research was
conducted at Forest Products Research and Development Center, Gunung Batu, Bogor, West
Java, Indonesia. The results showed that the temperature in the tunnel at indoor ranged between
25.8 to 34.1 degree celsius while temperature in the tunnel at outdoor ranged between 25.0 to
32.7 degree celsius. The tunnel at indoor temperature was 0.8 to 3.2 degree celsius warmer than
the temperature of tunnel at outdoor temperature, while surrounding indoor temperature was 0.2
degree celsius warmer than surrounding outdoor temperature.

Keywords: Arboretum- Subterranean termite- Thermocouples tool- Pine wood

Topic: Biodiversity and Climate Change

42
 [ABS-91]
Molecular marker for thermoregulation of pasundan cattle in different ambient
temperature

A. Mushawwir (a), J. Arifin (a), R. Permana (a) and N. Suwarno (a)

a) Animal Science Faculty, University of Padjadjaran

Abstract

Global climate change directly affects the physiological behaviour of local livestock in
Indonesia. One of Indonesia^s local livestock that is growing well in West Java is Pasundan
Cattle. Changes in environmental temperature have forced these cattle to adapt to continue to
survive and breed. This condition encourages changes in the expression of specific proteins in
response to environmental changes. For this purpose, research was conducted in various
locations in West Java to study molecular markers related to thermoregulation of Pasundan
cattle. One hundred and fifty Pasundan cows, 2-3 years old, spread over three areas: 1) along the
North Coast of West Java (37 to 410C), 2) Purwakarta and Pengandaran (29 to 350C), and 3)
Sumedang (<250C). The blood collection was carried out each by fifty animals twice at each
location. Blood was collected using a 5 mL syringe through the tail vein- the blood samples
collected into a 5 mL EDTA tube. The spectrophotometer technique based on the Biolabo and
Randox KIT protocols, was used to measure the cardiac and blood plasma marker molecule.
In contrast, the thermoregulatory behaviours ware determined using a clinical thermometer and a
stethoscope. The results showed that heart rate and respiration rate increased (P <0.05) at high
ambient temperature (37 to 410C), as did High Sensitivity CRP activity, H-TFABP,
Homocysteine, &#61543--Glutamyl Transpeptidase, sPLA2-IIA. Similarly, for blood plasma
molecular markers (Creatinine, Creatine Kinase, Transferrin, and Soluble Transferrin Receptor
(sTfR). In conclusion, specific proteins related to thermoregulation can be a marker of adaptation
of Pasundan cattle to high ambient temperatures.

Keywords: Thermoregulation, Cattle, Temperature

Topic: Biodiversity and Climate Change

43
 [ABS-101]
Diversity of banana germplasm based on morphological characters in Gorontalo Province

Aisyah Ahmad (a), Erwin Najamuddin (a), M. Fitrah Irawana Hannan (a), Nanang Buri (a), Patta
Sija (a)

a) Assesment Institute of Agricultural Technology Gorontalo

Abstract

Banana is one of the most popular fruit that contains vitamins that the body needs and was
available throughout the year. The purpose of this study was to determine the germplasm of
banana in Gorontalo Province based on morphological characters. The research was conducted in
August 2019 to February 2020 in Bone Bolango and Boalemo Regencies, which are the centers
of sweet potato cultivation. The research was carried out through several stages which included
initial information extraction, exploration, identification and characterization as well as
collection. Initial information about the presence of local sweet potatoes was collected from the
Agriculture Office at Provincial/District level, BPSB, agricultural extension officers, community
leaders, and farmers. The results obtained 6 types of dominant banana^s accession, each of
which has its own characteristic, ranging from small stone, unique shape, purple skin color, short
tree and sweet taste with soft texture. The six banana accessions are abati, yakis, kapali, pinang,
nangka and butota.

Keywords: accession, banana, Gorontalo

Topic: Biodiversity and Climate Change

44
 [ABS-116]
Qualitative testing of lignocellulolytic enzyme production in fungi isolated from sugarcane
filter cake waste

Rahmad (a), Laode Asrul (b), Tutik Kuswinanti (b*), Yunus Musa (b), Nurmiaty (a)

a) Departement of Estate Crops Cultivation, Pangkep State Polytechnic of Agriculture, South Sulawesi,
Indonesia
b) Faculty of Agricultural Science, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia

*koeswinanti@yahoo.com

Abstract

Filter cake is a solid waste extracted from sugarcane roomie containing cellulose, hemicellulose,
and lignin. The aim of this study is to examine the ability of fungal isolates found in filter cake
waste to produce lignocellulolytic enzymes. Fungal isolates in filter cake samples are isolated,
purified, and tested for their ability to produce cellulose and hemicellulase enzymes using
Cpazek media (difco). Clear zone testing is carried out by giving iodine solution while ligninase
enzyme testing is done using Malt Extract Agar (MEA) media. The isolation results 14 fungal
isolates. The highest amount of isolates found includes 4 isolates of Trichoderma sp, 5 isolates of
Aspergillus sp, 2 isolates of Penicillium sp, 2 isolates of Fusarium sp, and 1 isolate of Pleurotus
sp. As many as 5 isolates produce cellulase enzymes, 5 isolates produce hemicellulase enzyme,
and 3 isolates produce lingninase enzyme. Fungal isolates of Aspergillus sp7 produce the highest
cellulase enzyme, fungal isolates of Aspergillus sp1 produce the highest hemicellulase enzyme,
and fungal isolates of Pleurotus sp produce the highest ligninase enzyme. The results show that
there are fungus isolates from filter cake waste that has the high ability to produce
lignocellulolytic enzymes.

Keywords: Filter cake sugarcane, isolation, qualitative, fungi, lignocellulolytic enzymes

Topic: Biodiversity and Climate Change

45
 [ABS-141]
Diversity and association of mycorrhizae arbuscular fungi (AMF) in landslide-impacted
area

Retno Prayudyaningsih (a*), Nursyamsi (a), C.Andriyani Prasetyawati (a), Heri Suryanto (a)

a) Environment and Forestry Research and Development Institute of Makassar

Jalan Perintis Kemerdekaan km. 16, 5 Makassar 90243, Indonesia

*rprayudyaningsih@gmail.com

Abstract

The lack of nutrient content, organic matter, infiltration capacity, water holding capacity, and the
increasing of soil density are characteristics of landslide-impacted area. Utilization of potential
soil microbes such as indigenous Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) should be used to
rehabilitate the area. Therefore, diversity of AMF and its association with plant roots that
colonize the land should be determined. The research location was in landslide-impacted area of
Mount Bawakaraeng, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Soils and plant root samplings were carried out
in 2 types of area, namely (1) upstream (Lengkese village) and (2) downstream (Spoilbank
Parangloe). The results found 15 morphotypes of AMF spores including genus Acaulospora,
Gigaspora, Scutellospora and Glomus. The spore density of AMF was very low (1 - 13 per 100 g
of soil). Most of pioneer plant that invaded the area were associated with AMF, indicated by
infection rates of 19, 44 - 95, 48%. The low density of spores proves that the impact of landslides
has resulted in decreased soil biological properties. Meanwhile, the AMF colonization in pioneer
roots indicated the association of mycorrhizal fungi needed to help plant survival and improve
the soil properties. Furthermore, landslide-impacted area can be restored and used as agriculture
area.

Keywords: diversity, mycorrhizae, colonization, landslide, rehabilitation

Topic: Biodiversity and Climate Change

46
 [ABS-152]
Green house gases emission of livestock sector in East Kalimantan using Tier 1 2019
Refinement

Muh Dimas Arifin (a*), Sionita Gloriana Gunawan (a), Muhammad Amin (a)

a) East Kalimantan Assesment Institute for Agricultural Technology

Jl PM Noor Samarinda 75119 Indonesia

*muh.dimasarifin@outlook.com

Abstract

Livestock sector is one of the sectors that has significant contribution in Greenhouse Gas
Emissions (GHG) emission especially methane CH4 and Nitrous oxide N2O. Each species has
specific characteristic of of the emission. This research estimates the number of GHG emitted by
livestock sector by using IPCC method and the projection of its increasing for the next 10 years.
The GHG emission is calculated for each gas and its CO2 equivalent. The result shows the
highest emission is contributed by Kutai Kartanegara Regency 24 % and Beef Cattle 155.14 Gg
CO2e or 79%. The projection shows GHG emissions increasing to 340,4 Gg CO2-e in 2030,
assuming no significant mitigation effort conducted.

Keywords: Livestock, Greenhouse gas,emission, East Kalimantan

Topic: Biodiversity and Climate Change

47
 [ABS-161]
Capturing community behavior towards fruit bats conservation in South Sulawesi

Maulany R.I.(a*), Gautama R.D. (b), Dassir M.(a), Nasri, N.(a)

a) Forest Conservation and Ecotourism Laboratory, Forestry Faculty, Universitas Hasanuddin

Jalan Perintis Kemerdekaan Km. 10, Makassar (South Sulawesi) 90245
b) Postgraduate Program in Forestry Faculty, Universitas Hasanuddin

*risma.maulany@unhas.ac.id

Abstract

Fruit bats have important roles in the ecosystem serving not only as pollinator agents for various
high economic values plants but also acting as seed disperser for many plants in the forests.
Ecosystem services provided by the bats are still overlooked while the animals also experienced
intensive hunting. Lack of knowledge on the importance of the fruit bats in the ecological chain
combined with poor public perception of the animals have contributed to the decline of . This
research is aimed to study on knowledge, experiences, perceptions, and awareness of community
on fruit bats and analyze the relationship of the four aspects towards the conservation behavior of
community on fruit bats in three different regencies of South Sulawesi (Maros, Sinjai and
Soppeng). In-depth interviews using questionnaire to community living nearby the roosting
habitat of fruit bats were carried out to collect data on knowledge, experience, perception,
awareness and conservation behavior. Correlation analysis of Spearman rank was employed to
determine the relationships between variables measured with the conservation behavior of
community towards fruit bats. The results showed that of 90 respondents interviewed in the three
regencies have indicated differences on the level of knowledge, experience, perception,
awareness, and behavior. It was found that Maros had the highest percentage related with
conservation (78%) followed by Soppeng (76%) while Sinjai had the lowest (64%). Meanwhile,
the analysis between all variables towards the conservation behavior had shown that there were
differences between variables tested on conservation behavior occurred in the three regencies.

Keywords: fruit bats- community perception- bat conservation

Topic: Biodiversity and Climate Change

48
 [ABS-166]
Ability of Rhizosphere Fungi Isolated from Swietenia mahagoni litter to produce organic
matter-degradating Enzymes

Mukrimin Mukrimin (a), Gusmiaty Gusmiaty (a), and Herlin Patandean (a)

a) Department of Forestry, Faculty of Forestry, Hasanuddin University, Jln. Perintis Kemerdekaan Km.
10, 90245 Makassar, Indonesia

Abstract

In general, soil is inhabited by various microorganism species, including fungi, which greatly
influence the plant growth. Fungi producing enzymes are very helpful in term of decomposition
process. The composting process requires an activator in organic matter decompotion. To
determine wheater fungi produce enzymes, it is necessary to evaluate the activity of the enzyme
substrates in the fungi particularly producing cellulose, amylase, chitinase and pectinase
enzymes. To assess enzyme production, those isolates were inoculated onto Czapek Dox Agar
(CDA) media added with Coomasie brilliant blue (CBB) dye, as well as cellulose, starch, chitin
and pectin substrates. The results of this study revealed that the genus Rhizopus and Fusarium
were the most effective fungi producing cellulase, amylase, chitinase, and pectinase. This study
is the first report on the fungal activities degrading organic matter isolated from S. mahagony.

Keywords: Microorganisms, Fungi, Swietenia mahagoni, Decomposers, Enzymes

Topic: Biodiversity and Climate Change

49
 [ABS-198]
Ecological study of sago palm (Metroxylon sagu Rottb ver molat (Becc)) in the natural
habitat at Malili District East Luwu South Sulawesi

Hadijah Azis Karim (a)

a) Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Andi Djemma (UNANDA) Palopo, Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia

Abstract

Sago palm (Metroxylon sago), a tropical plant which mostly grows naturally and distributed in
Eastern Part of Indonesia (including Wallacea Zone), an ^alternative^ food source ^non rice^
which is important in the world, showing the challenges and opportunities in community.
However, currently the existing of sago palm is facing threats for food security in the future due
to land conversion into setllement area, dry agriculture land, and industrial area- Life cycle of
sago palm is a long term periode (8 - 12 years). Moreover, sago palm adapt to fresh water swamp
as a marginal land. The objective of this research were to: 1) Analyses of population structure of
sago palm, 2) Regeneration potency of sago palm, 3) describe habitat characteristic of sago palm.
The research was conducted in April to August 2017 at Wewangriu Village Malili District. The
result of research showed that population of sago palm in natural habitat was dominated by
sapling/sucker with 226 individuals, then followed by seedling was 177 individuals. The
regeneration potency of sago palm was categorized Fair based on relatif density and relatif
frequency. Related to habitat characteristic or microclimate conditions, the temperature was hot
and dry with ranged form 28.5 oC to 30.5 oC. Hydorology parameters such as water pH was
about 5.9 to 8.1. Especially soil propeties was dominated by silty clay and clay with acid
condition (soil pH 6.1 - 6.4). Maintaining the existence of sago palm, it is necessary to protect
and preserve it in the natural habitat.

Keywords: population, regeneration potency, characteristic habitat, Malili District, sago palm.

Topic: Biodiversity and Climate Change

50
 [ABS-214]
Identification of drought level using normalized difference latent heat index in the South
Coast of South Sulawesi Province

Munajat Nursaputra(a*), Septian Perdana Putra Pahar(b), Chairil A (a)

a) Laboratory of Forestry Planning and Information System, Faculty of Forestry, Hasanuddin University,
Makassar
b) Forestry Vocational High School, Makassar

*munajatnursaputra@unhas.ac.id

Abstract

One of the impacts of climate change is drought. Drought is a hydrological problem that affects
survival on earth significantly. This study aims to identify drought through the approach of one
of the indices related to water, namely Normalized Difference Latent Heat (NDLI). NDLI values
were obtained through a multispectral Landsat OLI calculation process, namely band 3 - green,
band 4 - red, and band 6 - SWIR. Each band interprets variables related to heat and water
content. The coverage area of research is in the south coast of South Sulawesi Province which
includes Takalar Regency, Jeneponto Regency, Bantaeng Regency, and Bulukumba Regency.
The regency on the south coast of South Sulawesi Province is the region with the highest level of
human activity starting from agricultural activities, ponds, industry and many other activities.
NDLI values range from +1 to -1, where positive values indicate areas with good water content
with latent heat and poor water content. In the south coast of South Sulawesi Province, NDLI
values ranged from 0.05 to -0.71. Based Drought classification level, the level of drought on the
south coast of South Sulawesi Province is near normal, moderately dry, and severely dry.

Keywords: Drought, NDLI, South Coast of South Sulawesi Province

Topic: Biodiversity and Climate Change

51
 [ABS-216]
Impact of climate and land use change on the erosion of the Kelara Watershed

Aril Limbong(a), Roland Barkey(a), Anwar Umar(a), Syamsu Rijal(a), Munajat Nursaputra(a),
Chairil A(a)

(a) Laboratory of Planning and Forestry Information System, Faculty of Forestry, Hasanuddin University,
Makassar.

Abstract

South Sulawesi has been affected in recent years by natural disasters. One of the areas affected
by the flood disaster is the Jeneponto District, which is included in the boundary of the Kelara
Watershed ecosystem. Flood disasters are caused by extreme weather conditions that are part of
the accumulation of climate change. Furthermore, the conditions of land use in the upper reaches
of the Kelara watershed do not match its designation which causes an increase in the rate of
erosion. Climate change analysis with projected precipitation from the CSIRO General
Circulation Model Mk3.5 climate in the 2030s. The estimated land cover change in 2026 uses a
combination of the Geographic Information System approach, remote sensing, and Markov
Chain Cellular Automata method with Landsat images in 2006, 2011, and 2016. Prediction of
erosion rates using the Universal Soil Loss Equation method. Annual rainfall of the 2030 has
decreased due to a significant decrease in rainfall during the dry season (July, August,
September, and October). However, there is an increase in rainfall during the rainy season,
although the increase is not too great. This is a concern that the availability of water in the dry
season will experience a growing deficit in the future. In 2006-2016, changes in land use were
not significant. In the land-use projection for 2026, there will be significant changes in land use.
The use of paddy fields has increased over a wider area, reaching 9% of the previous surface,
while other land uses continue to follow the previous trend of reduction of the surface. The
erosion prediction for 2016 is 299.13 tons/ha/year, while the erosion prediction for the year is
300.13 tons/ha/year. Even intense and very intense erosion classes will experience a reduction in
the area of about 200 hectares in 2026. Based on this, the land is not a problem in the future, but
an issue that must be prepared for its management is a drought when considering climate change
conditions.

Keywords: climate change- rainfall- land-use change- erosion.

Topic: Biodiversity and Climate Change

52
 [ABS-238]
An assessment of high carbon stock and high conservation value approaches in mining area

Siti Halimah Larekeng(a), Munajat Nursaputra(b*), Nasri(c), Andi Siady Hamzah(c), Andi
Subhan Mustari(d), Aris Prio Ambodo(e), Yohan Lawang(e), Andri Ardiansyah(e)

a). Laboratory of Biotechnology, Forestry Engginering Study Program, Faculty of Forestry, Hasanuddin
University, Makassar, Indonesia
b). Laboratory of Forestry Planning and Information System, Forestry Science Study Program, Faculty of
Forestry, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
c). Laboratory of Conservation of Forest Resources and Ecotourism, Forestry Science Study Program,
Faculty of Forestry, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
d). Faculty of Engineering, Hasanuddin University, Gowa, Indonesia
e). Vale Indonesia, Sorowako, East Luwu, Indonesia

*munajatnursaputra@unhas.ac.id

Abstract

The impact of forest degradation due to open-pit mining activities causes sustainable ecological
damage. Mining activities that are not organized due to the mineral exploration process have
resulted in many forest areas experiencing degradation. This degradation certainly reduces the
level of carbon sequestration in the area, which impacts the sustainability of environmental
functions around the mining area. The high carbon stock (HCS) approach is a way to help
companies implement their ^no deforestation^ commitments. The high carbon stock approach
will identify forests that must be protected and land that can be developed. Forests with high
carbon stocks are maintained because they function as carbon stores, habitats for biodiversity,
and provide the necessities of life for local communities. Therefore, this study aims to obtain
data on the potential for carbon stocks and create a spatial model for the distribution of carbon
content in the concession area of PT. Vale Indonesia can later be determined as high
conservation value (HCV) areas using the high carbon stock approach. Measurement of carbon
content in the study used an allometric equation that has been developed, then the distribution of
carbon was made using the spatial vegetation index model obtained from Sentinel 2 imagery.
The results showed an area of 30,526.49 (42.97%), which had high carbon stock with an average
carbon stock of 106.09 ton/ha, which needed to be maintained as an area of high conservation
value in the mining area of PT. Vale Indonesia.

Keywords: high carbon stock, high conservation value, mining area

Topic: Biodiversity and Climate Change

53
 [ABS-239]
Mapping of energy demand and potential of biofuel development in Kelara Watershed

Delwin Ipang Kartopa(a), Roland Barkey(a), Andang Suryana Soma(b), Syamsu Rijal(a),
Munajat Nursaputra(a), Chairil A(a)

a) Laboratory of Planning and Forestry Information System, Faculty of Forestry, Hasanuddin University,
Makassar.
b) Laboratory of Watershed Management, Faculty of Forestry, Hasanuddin University, Makassar.

Abstract

The increase in population on earth is increasing, this will stimulate the need for energy also to
increase. The Indonesian Government is looking for alternative renewable energies such as
Biofuels. Various types of biofuel plants have been developed, such as Nyamplung and Kemiri
Sunan. These biofuel crops can also be used for land rehabilitation and reduce of carbon
emissions in the Kelara watershed, which have been in critical condition. On this basis, a study
on the mapping of energy needs and potential for the development of biofuel plants in the Kelara
watershed. This study makes extensive use of the analysis of geographic information systems.
The analysis begins with the zoning of the watershed morphology (upstream, middle, and
downstream). Watershed morphology zoning in a watershed for energy demand data collection
using the energy list recording method. This method represents energy use data, including the
type and volume of energy use, the affordability of energy sources, the availability of energy
stocks, and peoples purchasing power for energy. Also, spatial analysis of land suitability for
Nyamplung and Kemiri Sunan plants as a function of biophysical conditions, as well as critical
lands for biofuel energy development. Biophysical conditions include elevation factors, slope,
annual precipitation, dry months, soil pH, and soil texture. Most of the people of the Kelara
watershed work as farmers with the largest number of dependents of 3-5 persons/heads of
households around 73.68%. The average energy needs of the community are around 396,437
kcal/day for LPG and firewood. The potential for biofuel development for the Nyamplung type is
10,130 hectares, with an area of 5,477 hectares in critical lands. The potential for the
development of Kemiri Sunan biofuels 17,370 ha with an area of 3,479 ha. The future
development of biofuel energy is a concept of sustainable development.

Keywords: Energy Needs- Biofuels- Nyamplung- Kemiri Sunan.

Topic: Biodiversity and Climate Change

54
 [ABS-247]
Degradation of carbon stock (C) in calculation analysis of greenhouse gas emissions in
cocoa plantations In South Sulawesi

K Mustari (a*) L Asrul (a) I F Sultan (b)

a) Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University

b) Graduate School, Hasanuddin University

*kahar_mustari@yahoo.com

Abstract

Cocoa as one of the most developed plantation commodities in Indonesia has a strategic position
in efforts to increase carbon absorption to reduce the rate of global warming. As a woody plant,
cocoa can absorb CO2 from the air and store it in the form of carbon (C) in its body (biomass).
The absorption process of CO2 also affects the rate of photosynthesis in plants as the main
ingredient in the breakdown of carbon in the plant body, especially cocoa. This research was
conducted in Gantarangkeke District, Bantaeng Regency, South Sulawesi. Sampling was carried
out by purposive sampling method on the basis of consideration of the type, density and cropping
system applied. The estimation of biomass used a non-destructive method by measuring the
diameter at breast height (DBH 1.3 m) and the height of the cocoa. Carbon storage in cocoa is
differentiated by several plant ages, namely 5 years and 10 years. The results showed that the
carbon stock in Bantaeng Regency was 27.05 tons / Ha.

Keywords: CO2 gas- Carbon sequestration- Carbon deposits- Cocoa-

Topic: Biodiversity and Climate Change

55
 [ABS-250]
Potential and regeneration of tree species used as roosting habitat by sulawesi fruit bats
acerodon celebensis in Jenetaesa, Maros Regency

Rusyda Khalida Ruslan(a), Risma Illa Maulany(a)*, Nasri Nasri(a), Putu Oka Ngakan(a)

a) Laboratory of Forest Conservation and Ecotourism, Forestry Faculty, Hasanuddin University,

Indonesia 90245

*risma.maulany@unhas.ac.id

Abstract

Sulawesi fruit bat (Acerodon celebensis) is one of bat species that is endemic to Sulawesi Island.
Fruit bats have many roles in the ecosystem where they act as seed dispersing agents, natural
pollinating agents of flowering plants, and assist in forest regeneration. The purpose of this
research is to identify tree species used as roosting habitat and their potential regenerations as
roosts for A. celebensis in Jenetaesa, Maros Regency. This research was conducted for 3 months
(May-July) in 2018 by firstly identifying roosting tree species on the roosting site followed by
surveying potential roost trees in 230 subplots. The results showed that in an area of 11.5 ha
there were 234 individuals consisted of 56 trees, 11 bamboo clumps, 72 poles, 49 saplings, and
46 seedlings in a total of 15 subplots. Regeneration of A. celebensis roosting trees in an area of
11.5 ha is classified as low with a total of only two tree species were found on every growing
stages.

Keywords: Acerodon celebensis, Roosting Trees, Roosting tree potential, Tree Regeneration

Topic: Biodiversity and Climate Change

56
 [ABS-252]
Study of climate and land use change as considerations for sustainable agricultural in the
Saddang Watershed

Syamsu Rijal(a), Munajat Nursaputra(a), Chairil A(a), Try Ardiansah(a), Anwar Umar(a),
Delwin Ipang Kartopa(a)

a) Laboratory of Planning and Forestry Information System, Faculty of Forestry, Hasanuddin University,
Makassar

Abstract

South Sulawesi is one of the regions in Indonesia as a food producer. South Sulawesi does not
only have arable land and farming communities but also supported by the availability of water
sourced from the watershed. Saddang Watershed is one of the watersheds in South Sulawesi,
which supplies water for agricultural land. However, the current challenge is climate change and
land-use change that affect the sustainability of agricultural land. As a response, analysis starting
with climate change analysis with rainfall projection using CSIRO general circulation model
Mk3-6-0. Landuse change analysis using remote sensing methods with Landsat Imagery in 2000
and 2020. Landuse calculated as land condition based on erosion rate with Universal Soil Loss
Equation methods. Land conditions are a necessary consideration to formulate directions for
sustainable agricultural land. The results of the rainfall projection in 2040 showed an increase in
rainfall. The rainfall increase occurs during the rainy season (October to January), while the
decrease in rainfall occurs during the dry season (July to September). Climate change was
changed farmers cropping patterns, which usually started in October. As a response, it is
necessary to increase the farmers adaptation, such as selecting plant types and mitigation
activities by making reservoirs as a source of water and preparing to enter the dry season.
Landuse change showed there had been a significant increase in agricultural lands, such as rice
fields, agricultural and plantation land. The increase of agricultural land was converted from dry
land to mixed agricultural brushwood. Most of the land conditions from dry land agricultural and
dryland agricultural mixed brushwood have a high erosion level. To maintain sustainable
agricultural land, vegetative techniques are carried out. Vegetative techniques are useful for
reducing erosion rates in the form of agroforestry, alley planting, and planting along contours.

Keywords: climate change- land-use change- erosion- sustainable agricultural land

Topic: Biodiversity and Climate Change

57
 [ABS-256]
Improvement of nickel mine pure soil quality using micorizes and palm oil compose empty
bands on the growth of calopogonium mucunoides

Boby Dirgantara Hanafie Putra (a), Rismaneswati (a) and Muh Jayadi (a)

a) Department of Soil Science, Agrotechnology Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin

University, Makassar, Indonesia

Abstract

Indonesia has abundant natural resources, one of which is nickel. Nickel production reaches 190
thousand tons / year and has 8% of the world^s nickel reserves. Sulawesi is the region with the
most advanced nickel production in Indonesia. Mining activities certainly cause a total change in
an ecosystem. Damage to ecosystems has an impact on decreasing function, land productivity
and life associations will be lost and difficult to replace even after replanting activities have been
carried out. Various ways can be done to repair the damage caused by mining, namely by
planting Legum Cover Crop (LCC), providing compost for oil palm empty bunches (TKKS) and
adding mycorrhizae. The plant used for planting in ex-mining land reclamation, namely
Calopogonium mucunoides, is useful for protecting soil from damage due to erosion. The
research objective was to examine the effect of giving OPEFB compost and mycorrhizal to
improve the quality of after-nickel mining soil at PT. Vale Indonesia, Sorowako. The purpose of
this research is as a source of knowledge about the effect of giving OPEFB compost and
mycorrhizal on post-mining soil. The method used in the study was a randomized block design
with a 2-factor factorial (F2F). The first factor consists of the OPEFB compost factor as K with a
level of K1 = 0.25%, K2 = 0.37% and K3 = 0.5% of soil weight. The second factor consists of
the Mycorrhizal factor as M with a level of M1 = 5 gr/pot, M2 = 10 gr/pot and M3 = 15 gr/pot.
The results obtained for the application of OPEFB compost and mycorrhizal had a significant
effect on plant height, number of leaves, and plant dry weight. For the best growth power is on
K2M2 using 0.37% OPEFB compost and 10gr/pot mycorrhizal.

Keywords: Compost, Mining, Mycorrhiza, Nickel

Topic: Crop Production and Environment

58
 [ABS-257]
The bacterial mixture effect of azotobacter and azospirrilum on nitrogen content and
harvest date of upland red rice cultivar

Muhidin (a), Elkawakib Syamun (b), Kaimuddin (b), Yunus Musa (b), Gusti Ray Sadimantara
(a), Sitti Leomo (a), Dewi Nurhayati Yusuf (a), and Tresjia Corina Rakian (a)

a) Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Halu Oleo University

b) Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University

Abstract

The research aims were to analyses the effect of bacterial mixture of Azotobacter and
Azospirrilum on the ^nitrogen content and harvest date of upland red rice. This research was
conducted in Agriculture Farm of Agriculture Faculty in Halu Oleo University. The research
arranges in a split plot design. The bacterial mixture dosage as main plot and different of cultivar
as sub plot. The bacterial mixture dosage were b0 = without application bacterial mixture, b1 =
Bacterial combination mixture of Azotobacter 2.5 L ha-1 + Azospirillum 2.5 L ha-1 and b2 =
Bacterial combination mixture of Azotobacter 5.0 L ha-1 + Azospirillum 5.0 L ha-1. The cultivar
tested were (v1) = Labandiri, (v2) = Jangkobembe, (v3) = Ranggohitam and (v4) = Paedara. This
research showed that application of bacterial mixture had given the following results that has no
significant effect on nitrogen leaf content, but has a significant effect on flowering time and
harvesting. It found that flowering time tends to accelerate, but on harvesting-date parameters
tends to be prolonged.

Keywords: Azotobacter, Azospirrilum, Nitrogent Content, Upland Red Rice

Topic: Crop Production and Environment

59
 [ABS-4]
Soil classification in karstic lowland of baraja (BRA) land system in Mangarabombang
Subdistrict Takalar Regency

N R Maricar (a), C Lopulisa (a), A Ahmad (a)

a) Soil Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia.

Abstract

Soil characteristics in Mangarabombang Subdistrict Takalar Regency, according to some expert

opinions are classified as vertisols soil order but in the RePPPRot Land System Review Map it^s
still classified as an inceptisols soil order, therefore more detailed research is needed regarding
the soil order at that location. One of the most popular and most recent soil classification system
methods used is the soil taxonomic classification system developed by the USDA 2014 which
contains a variety of recent information including the addition of criteria to the sub-surface
horizon of characteristics, sub orders, to the family level. This study aims to determine the types
of soil at the great group level in the Baraja land system (BRA) in Mangarabombang District,
Takalar Regency (According to the 2014 USDA Soil Taxonomy System). The method of
determining the sample point is the transect method in Baraja land system (BRA) in
Mangarabombang Subdistrict, Takalar Regency. Soil types formed in the Baraja land system
(BRA) on the karstic lowland in Mangarabombang Subdistrict Takalar Regency has including in
the vertisols soil order.

Keywords: Soil, classification, baraja (BRA), land system

Topic: Crop Production and Environment

60
 [ABS-261]
The risk of arabica coffee farming in Enrekang, South of Sulawesi

Syahruni Thamrin (a*), Junaedi (a) and Sulaeha Sulaeha (b)

a) Pangkep State Polytechnic of Agriculture, Manddale, Pangkep, South of Sulawesi, Indonesia.

b) Departement Plant Pest and Desease, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Hasanuddin, Jl. Perintis
Kemerdekaan KM.10 Tamalanrea, Makassar, Indonesia.

*syahruni_thamrin@polipangkep.ac.id

Abstract

This study aims to determine the risks faced by Arabica coffee farmers and the factors that
influence them. The site selection was carried out by purposive sampling, and two villages were
selected in Enrekang Regency, South Sulawesi. The sample size of the study was 100 farmers,
taken by random sampling and using the interview method and field visits. The results of the
study using the coefficient of variance showed that the average value variability in the risk of
Arabica coffee production was 0.407 or 40.7%. Factors that influence production risk are
estimated by the Least Square Method, and the results show that the production factors of Urea
and SP36 fertilizers are risk inducing, while KCl fertilizer and manure are risk reducing. The
price of urea fertilizer and the price of pesticides are risk inducing.

Keywords: Arabica coffee farming, risk, coefficient of variance

Topic: Crop Production and Environment

61
 [ABS-6]
Analysis of soil characteristics and classification from order category to family in Makale
District

Ainun Wulandari (a), Christianto Lopulisa (a*), Asmita Ahmad (a)

a) Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Hasanuddin

*lopulisachristianto@gmail.com

Abstract

Makale with hilly and mountainous areas in Tana Toraja Regency provides high agricultural
productivity so that soil as a medium for growing plants is one aspect that needs attention.
Minerals influence the physical and chemical properties of the soil because they are the main
constituent of the soil, so that the characteristics and types of soil will be vary. The purpose of
this study was to determine the type of soil based on toposequences and catenasequences from
order to family category in Makale district, Tana Toraja regency according to soil taxonomy in
2014. The method used was toposequences and catenasequences in one transect. Soil physical
and chemical analysis including- soil color, texture, bulk density, C-organic, CEC, K, Na, Ca,
and Mg. Analysis of soil minerals using the Fourier Transform InfraRed (FTIR) method. The
results showed that the soil types found in Makale district were Lithic Udorthents, Typic
Udorthents, Typic Haplohumults, Oxic Dystrudepts, Typic Eutrudepts, and Dystric Eutrudepts.
The dominant clay minerals are Monmorillonite in profiles 1 and 2, kaolinite in profiles 3 and 5,
chlorite and quartz in profiles 4 and 6.

Keywords: Makale, topography, clay mineral, parent material

Topic: Crop Production and Environment

62
 [ABS-7]
Analyst of dryland potential

M Tegar Ilham Taufan (a), Risma Nesawaty (a*), Muh Nathan (a)

a) Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Hasanuddin, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan
Km.10, Makassar, 90245, Indonesia.

*neswaty76@gmail.com

Abstract

Along with the development of time and the increasing population, the amount of food needed is
also increasing. The increase in population growth is not proportional to the availability of land
caused by land conversion into settlement land. The area for maize cultivation in Takalar
regency reaches 9.208 ha with maize production reaching 55.973 tons. Maize production is still
below the optimal maize production which reached 73.664 tons. This study aims to determine of
determinants factors to maize production on dry land in Takalar Regency. T v he research used
method analyze of land capability by Arsyad which was processed using the Analythic Hierarchy
Process (AHP). The results of this study show that the determinant factor of maize production on
dry land in Takalar Regency is the economic aspect with R / C ratio ranging from 2.95 to 6.13
where if the R / C ratio> 1 is feasible

Keywords: AHP, Maize, Dryland

Topic: Crop Production and Environment

63
 [ABS-264]
Application of biofertilizer on growth and yield of sweet corn (Zea mays saccharata sturt)
on upland

Lelya Pramudyani(a*), Abdul Sabur(a), Muhammad Yasin(a), Joko Purnomo(b)

a) Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology, South Kalimantan

b) Lambung Mangkurat University

Abstract

Sweet corn (Zea mays saccharata Sturt.) is such a popular commodity that has good market
opportunities. To increase the productivity of sweet corn, it^s necessary to improve its physical,
chemical, and fertility properties. Continuous use of inorganic fertilizers can reduce soil fertility.
Biofertilizer is an alternative to improve and enhance soil quality so as to significantly increase
growth and increase yield and quality of plants. The aim of study was to determine the effect of
application of biofertilizers on the growth and yield of sweet corn on upland. The research was
conducted in 2016 in Tapin district, South Kalimantan Province. Using a randomized block
design with 4 treatments and 8 replications. The treatments consisted of: Po without biofertilizer
+ NPK fertilizer at a dose of 100%, P1 biofertilizer + NPK fertilizer at a dose of 100%, P2
biofertilizer + NPK fertilizer at a dose of 75%, P3, biofertilizer + NPK fertilizer at a dose of 50
%. The variables observed were plant height, cob weight withhusk, cob weight without husk, cob
diameter, cob length, number of seed columns and production. The results showed that applying
biofertilizer increase cob weight and sweet corn production.

Keywords: fertilizer, soil fertility

Topic: Crop Production and Environment

64
 [ABS-9]
Minerals of parent material as an indicator of soil fertility

K Nasir (a), M Jayadi (a), A Ahmad (a)

a) Soil Science Departement, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Makassar Indonesia

Abstract

Soil fertility is the ability of the soil to provide nutrients. Most of the nutrients in the soil come
from mineral weathering. The higher of easily weathered mineral is in line with soil fertility.
This research aims to study soil fertility rates based on mineral content in West Sinjai Sub-
district. The methods used in this study are to identify minerals in the parent material using a
polarizing microscope, calculate mineral presentation and nutrient potency classification with the
presentation of mineral content minus the presentation of quartz content. The dominant mineral
content found is pyroxene, amphibole, and plagioclase that resulted from the andesitic parent
material. Soil fertility potential in West Sinjai based on nutrient-carrying minerals is in the range
of 80-100% with good criteria. Potential nutrients contained in minerals are already available for
plants.

Keywords: minerals, fertility,soil

Topic: Crop Production and Environment

65
 [ABS-265]
Yield-related traits performances and genetic variability of some red rice (Oryza sativa L.)
promising lines grown on the paddy field

GR Sadimantara (a), E Febrianti (a), S Leomo (a) and Muhidin (a)

a) Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Halu Oleo University, Kendari, Southeast

Sulawesi, 93232 Indonesia

Abstract

The development of new high yielding rice variety is one of the strategic efforts to increase
national rice production. This effort needs to be supported by plant breeding programs through
the improvement of the desired genetic traits of the promising lines, enhancement and utilization
of genetic diversity followed by selection and evaluation before being released into new superior
varieties. This study aims to determine the agronomic performances and the diversity of
genotypes on the character of the red rice promising lines grown on the paddy field. The
experiment was conducted based on Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three
replications. The material used were eight red rice promising lines (GS11-1, GS11-2, GS12-1,
GS12-2, GS44-1, GS44-2, GS16-1 and GS16-2), and one check variety (Trisakti). Parameters
observed were plant height, leaf area, flag leaf area, panicle length, filled grains, total grain
number, days to heading, days to maturity, 1000-grain weight, and grain yield. Data ware
analyzed using variance, the HSD test and the value of genetic parameters. The results showed
that there were diversities of genotypes on rice lines character. Whereas two yield-related traits
i.e., panicle length (0.53 **) and the percentage of filled grains (0.53 **) were found positively
correlated with the yield of red rice promising lines. Furthermore, rice promising lines (GS44-1
and 16-1) recorded have better performances for some yield-related traits.

Keywords: genetic variability, promising lines, red rice, paddy field, yield-related traits

Topic: Crop Production and Environment

66
 [ABS-10]
Application of compost from restaurant food waste as land restoration materials

Dirman (a), SA Lias (a), and B Rasyid (a)

a) Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia

Abstract

The existence of food waste is still a problem because the number has increased. On the one
hand, the opening of restaurants and restaurants has increased the quantity of food waste
resulting in a buildup of food waste. To overcome the problem of restaurant food waste buildup
is to use this waste as land restoration material. The purpose of this research is to utilize food
waste to improve soil physical and chemical properties. The research method was carried out by
means of an incubation process, namely mixing the soil samples in the PT. Huadi with restaurant
food waste. This study used a two-factor randomized block design method. The first factor is the
incubation time (15 days, 30 days and 45 days) and the second factor is the addition of nitrogen
(N). The stages in this research include soil sampling, incubation, laboratory analysis and data
analysis. The results showed that incubation with an incubation time of 45 days was able to
improve soil chemical characteristics as well as the addition of nitrogen nutrients

Keywords: Restaurant Food Waste, Restoration, Incubation

Topic: Crop Production and Environment

67
 [ABS-11]
Correlation of organic matter and abundance of soil fauna in rice fields, Bantimurung
Subdistrict, Maros Regency

D P Sari (a), A Ahmad (a), M Jayadi (a)

a) Soil Science Departement, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia

Abstract

The results of the preliminary survey on rice fields in Bantimurung Subdistrict, Maros Regency,
have an average age of +- 70 years with intensive soil cultivation, which means that soil
processing and application of chemicals have been widely used. Soil cultivation and continuous
application of chemicals can reduce fertility and soil biota. This study aims to determine the
correlation of organic matter and abundance of soil fauna in the rice fields of Bantimurung
District, Maros Regency. Identification of the presence of biota was carried out by making plots
of 50x50 cm in the top and sub soil layers, analyzing the soil in the form of texture, c-organic, c/
n, nitrogen, and soil temperature. Soil analysis was carried out to see the relationship between
soil parameters and biota abundance. The results showed there was a positive correlation
between the c-organic content of the soil with the abundance of biota and the c / n content of the
soil. A negative correlation was obtained between soil parameters and soil texture.

Keywords: rice fields, organic matter, fauna

Topic: Crop Production and Environment

68
 [ABS-267]
Effect of liquid organic fertilizer derived from moringa on growth of upland rice lines
crosses from SE Sulawesi

Wa Nasira (a), Robiatul Adawiyah (a), Muhidin, Gusti Ray Sadimantara (a) and Dewi Nurhayati
Yusuf (a)

a) Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Halu Oleo University, Kendari, Southeast

Sulawesi, 93232 Indonesia

Abstract

Upland rice is an important food crop in Indonesia, including in Southeast Sulawesi, and the
productivity still low under the production potential. One of the causes of this low production is
low soil fertility and limited nutrients for plants. One of the efforts is by providing liquid organic
fertilizer derived from moringa. This study used a two-factor and arranged in a randomized block
design (RBD). The first factor was organic fertilizer treatment from moringa, consisting of two
levels, namely without treatment and 20 ml per liter. The second factor was the difference
cultivars tested consisting of 4 cultivars, namely GS44-1, GS44-2, GS16-1, GS16-2, and Lipigo
4. The results showed that the treatment of liquid organic fertilizer made from moringa
significantly effects on the vegetative growth of upland rice.

Keywords: Upland Rice, Organic Fertilizer, Moringa

Topic: Crop Production and Environment

69
 [ABS-268]
The poductivity and economic value of sweet potato (Ipomea batatas) planted
intercropping with satoimo taro (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott var. Antiquorum) with
various levels of compost

Masyhur Syafiuddin (a*), Muh. Jayadi (a), Burhanuddin Rasyid (a), Nurbaya Busthanul (b)

a) Soil Science Departement, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin Univesity, Makassar, Indonesia.

b) Social Economy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia.

*masyhur.syaf@agri.unhas.ac.id

Abstract

Sweet potato (Ipomea batatas), as a well-known plant and widely cultivated by farmers in South
Sulawesi, if it is intercropped with satoimo taro (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott var.
Antiquorum) as staple crop should be suspected of being able to be a ^safety^ crop when there is
a failure in taro plant-due to the relatively new and un-well-known plant. The study was aimed to
know the productivity and economic value of sweet potato grown as an intercropping on the
satoimo taro staple crop with several level of compost. The study used a randomized design with
four levels of compost of chicken manure, namely 400 grams, 800 grams, 1200 grams per staple
plant in a spot in the hole of the plant and 1200 grams per plant homogeneously fit in the beds.
Sweet potatoes planted between plants with a population of as much as satoimo taro, namely
25,000 hectares each. The results showed that the level of 1200 grams of spot and 1200 grams of
mixture was significantly different from a level of 400 gam, but not significantly different from
800 grams. The 1200 gram level of the mixture gives the highest tuber yield and the highest
economic value.

Keywords: intercropping- sweet potato- satoimo taro

Topic: Crop Production and Environment

70
 [ABS-13]
Study conservation soil rice fields in Bantimurung Subdistric Maros Regency

D E Safitri (a), A Ahmad (a), and M Nathan (a)

a) Soil Science Departement, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia.

Abstract

Rice productivity in Bantimurung Subdistrict is unstable every year. Farmers tend not to pay
attention to environmental and soil protection but are racing to increase yields rapidly by using
excessive chemical fertilizers and pesticides, tilling the soil too frequently, and burning post-
harvest straw. This study aims to study the conservation of rice fields in Bantimurung District,
Maros Regency based on the physical and chemical characteristics of the soil which are expected
to be a source of information in managing rice fields in Bantimurung District, Maros Regency.
Data were collected using a field survey method in irrigated and rainfed rice fields and farmer
interviews using a questionnaire. In addition, observations and profile descriptions were carried
out in the field and laboratory analysis, namely soil texture, bulk density, N-total, C-organic, pH
and organic functional group analysis, then a correlation test was carried out to determine the
relationship between the characteristics of lowland soil and lowland rice production using SPSS
23. There is a positive correlation between lowland rice productivity with soil organic carbon
content and organic functional groups but it has a negative correlation with bulk density. Soil
conservation measures are needed to increase production by adding crop residues to the soil.

Keywords: Ricefields, conservation, irrigation, rainfed

Topic: Crop Production and Environment

71
 [ABS-270]
The poductivity and economic value of sweet corn (Zea mays convar. saccharata) planted
intercropping with satoimo taro (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott var. Antiquorum) with
various levels of compost

Muh. Jayadi (a), Masyhur Syafiuddin (a*), Nurbaya Busthanul (b), Burhanuddin Rasyid (a)

a) Soil Science Departement, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin Univesity, Makassar, Indonesia.

b) Social Economy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia.

*masyhur.syaf@agri.unhas.ac.id

Abstract

Sweet corn (Zea mays convar. saccharata), as a well-known plant and widely cultivated by
farmers in South Sulawesi, if it is intercropped with satoimo taro (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott
var. Antiquorum), should be suspected of being able to be a safety crop when there is a failure in
staple crop of taro satoimo. The study was aimed to know the productivity and economic value
of sweet corn grown as an intercropping on the satoimo taro as staple crop in with several level
of compost. The study used a randomized design with four levels of compost of chicken manure,
namely 400 grams, 800 grams, 1200 grams per staple plant with spotly in the plant hole, and
1200 grams per plant homogeneously fit in the beds. The sweet corn planted with two seeds
between two strips satoimo taro, so that be the same population, namely 25,000 plants per
hectare. The results showed that the level of 800 grams, 1200 grams of spotly in hole not-
significantly different with the level 400 gram, however 1200 grams of mixture was significantly
different from a level of 400 gam, but not-significantly different with the 800 grams one. The
1200 gram level of the mixture gives the highest corncob yield and the highest economic value.

Keywords: intercropping- sweet corn- satoimo taro

Topic: Crop Production and Environment

72
 [ABS-271]
Effectiveness of Chromolaena odorata as organic manure in promoting plant nutrient
uptake and soil nutrient status on mustard rhizosphere

F Fikrinda (a*), N Akhmad (a), WM Ikhsan (a)

a) Universitas Syiah Kuala

*fikrinda@unsyiah.ac.id

Abstract

Chromolaena odorata is an invasive plant which potential as organic manure. This study aimed
to evaluate the effect of this weed on plant nutrient uptake and soil nutrient status on the mustard
rhizosphere using a completely randomized design and three replications. Factors examined were
the organic manure types (green manure and compost) and doses (5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 Mg ha-1).
The results showed that the compost was more effective than the green manure to improve
potassium (K) uptake and soil nutrient (total nitrogen (N), available phosphor (P), and
exchangeable K). Increasing doses of the organic manure until 25 Mg ha-1 gave a better effect
on N and K uptake and soil available P and K but 20 Mg ha-1 on soil total N. The application of
25 Mg ha-1 C. odorata as green manure gave more N and P content in the mustard. This study
indicated that C. odorata could be developed as a good ameliorant either as green manure or
compost to improve nutrient uptake of mustard and soil nutrient status.

Keywords: compost- green manure- nutrient- weed

Topic: Crop Production and Environment

73
 [ABS-272]
The growth performance of dwarf banana cavendis from SE Sulawesi under natural
shading

Muhidin (a), Andi Nurmas (a), Gusti Ray Sadimantara (a), Sitti Leomo (a), Dewi Nurhayati
Yusuf (a) and Gusti Ayu Kade Sutariati (a)

a) Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Halu Oleo University

Abstract

In Indonesia, bananas are an important crop, and demand tends to increase. On the other hand,
due to limited land availability, production capacity is limited. The growth of banana as an
interplanting plant under the estate forestry plant was the promising solution. The study aimed to
identify the tolerant banana cultivar under natural shading. The research was carried out in a field
experiment conducted by the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Halu Oleo. The study used a
randomized block design (RBD) with shade treatment consisting of 3 levels, namely n1=shade
level < 25 %, n2=shade level 25-50 % and n3 = shade level 50-75 %. In vegetative growth, the
parameters observed were plant height, number of leaves, length of leaves and width of leaves. It
concluded that reduced light under natural shading has an important impact on the growth of
bananas.

Keywords: Natural Shading, low light intensity, banana cavendish, shading effect, tolerant,

Topic: Crop Production and Environment

74
 [ABS-18]
Classification of soil in pepper planting area (Piper nigrum l.) in East Luwu Regency

Asrida (a), C Lopulisa (a), and Rismaneswati (a)

a) Soil Science Departement, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Makassar Indonesia

Abstract

Abstract. Luwu Timur is one of the districts within the administrative sphere of South Sulawesi
Province which has an area of 6,944.88 Km2 which has natural conditions and geogrfasis state
that supports in the cultivation of pepper commodity. To support the quality and maintain the
stability of pepper production, then the first step to be considered is to pay attention to the good
soil type for overgrown pepper plants. This research aims to classify the land of pepper
plantation areas in East Luwu. This research was conducted in Luwu Regency precisely in
Burau, Mangkutana and Towuti sub-districts. Sampling using deductive methods with soil
classification method is based on soil ation (2014) according to usda. . Analysis of the physical
and chemical morphological properties of soil including soil color, structure, texture, bulk
density, C-organic, KTK and bases can be exchanged. Soil mineral analysis using the Fourier
Transform Infra Red (FTIR) method. The results showed that the types of soil in the pepper-
planting area found in Burau sub-district are Palehumults and Hapludults. In Mangkutana sub-
districts are Hapludults, Ultisol and Typic Rhodudults. In Towuti sub-district, Rhodic Hapludox
and Rhodic Paleudults

Keywords: Keywords : Characteristics, soil, pepper

Topic: Crop Production and Environment

75
 [ABS-274]
The effectiveness of endo-rhizo bacterial isolated from areca nut rizosphere (Areca cathecu
L.) in breaking dormancy and improvement of seed vigor

Gusti Ayu Kade Sutariati (a), Muhidin (a), Nini Mila Rahni (a), La Mudi (a), Ria Risqi Maharani
(a) and Gusti Ngurah Adhi Wibawa (a)

a) Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Halu Oleo, Kendari Southeast

Sulawesi 93232 Indonesia

Abstract

The rhizosphere of healthy plants which naturally grows without human intervention is a source
of potential biological agents as biofertilizers. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of
endophytic and rhizobacteria (endo-rhizo bacterial) isolates isolated from the rhizosphere of
areca nut plants in breaking dormancy while increasing its viability and vigor. The research was
carried out at the Agronomy Unit of Agrotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Halu
Oleo University from February to October 2020. The experiment used a completely randomized
design consisting of 6 treatments of endo-rhizo bacterial isolates, namely isolates LR1, MR5,
LAR6, RJR6, LAE2 and control. Each treatment was repeated three times, so that there were a
total of 18 experimental units. The observed data were analyzed using analysis of variance
followed by the Duncan Multiple Range Test at &#945- = 0.05. The results showed that endo-
rhizo bacterial isolates were able to break the dormancy of areca nuts and increase their vigor.
Rhizobacteria LR1 isolates and endophytic bacteria LAE2 showed a better ability to break
dormancy and increase the vigor of areca nuts compared to controls and other treatments. The
dormancy intensity in LR1 and LAE2 treatments reached 50% and 58%, respectively, compared
to 78% in control. Likewise, in increasing seed vigor, the two isolates were able to increase the
germination percentage of areca nuts by 150% and 100%, respectively, compared to the control.
Further research is needed to evaluate the effectiveness of these isolates in increasing plant vigor
at the field scale.

Keywords: Areca nut, endo-rhizo bacteria, seed vigor, dormancy

Topic: Crop Production and Environment

76
 [ABS-23]
Utilization of banana stem and coconut fiber as source base of liquid bio-fertilizer to
improve soil quality and plant growth

Burhanuddin Rasyid (a), Muhammad Jayadi (a), and Sitti Rahma (a)

a) Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture Hasanuddin University

Abstract

Liquid bio-fertilizer could be a complement in improving plant growth and good soil quality.
The objective of this study is to utilize banana and coconut by-products as the main source in
developing liquid bio-fertilizer and the application into the soil to determine its effect to improve
soil quality and plant growth. The pot experiment was conducted in a completely randomized
block experimental design with two factors and all treatments replied in three replications. The
first factor is coconut liquid fertilizer with 4 levels- SK1 (50 ml/pot), SK2 (100 ml/pot), SK3
(150 ml/pot) and SK4 (200 ml/pot). The second factor is banana liquid fertilizer with 4 levels-
BP1 (25ml/pot), BP2 (50ml/pot), BP3 (75ml/pot) and BP4 (100ml/pot). In general, the
application liquid fertilizer affected significantly to all measured parameters. A comparison of
two source of liquid fertilizer was found that coconut fiber showed higher result than banana
stem base source. Treatment of 150 mm/pot coconut liquid fertilizer (SK3) was shown the
highest result in plant parameters performance (plant height, and dry weight). In case of soil
quality improvement, the result showed increasing C-org., CEC, and K was not different
significantly between SK3 and SK4. All over result showed potential development of liquid
fertilizer of coconut fiber and banana stem source base could be applied to improve soil quality
and plant growth. Field experiment is still needed to be conduct in evaluation the effect of this
fertilizer in advanced.

Keywords: liquid bio-fertilizer, banana stem, coconut fiber, soil quality

Topic: Crop Production and Environment

77
 [ABS-24]
Study of nutrition concentration and water concentration in hydroponics with Deep Film
Technique (DFT) system in Central Sulawesi

I Ketut Suwitra (a), Anugerah Fitri Amalia (a), Jonny Firdaus (a), Andi Dalapati (a), Nur
Fadhilah (a)

a) Assesment Institute for Agricultural Technology Central Sulawesi, Sigi, Indonesia Republic-94362

Abstract

Hydroponic cultivation is an alternative in utilizing narrow land or land that is not suitable for
agriculture. What has an important role in hydroponic cultivation is nutrition, where these
nutrients are dissolved in water before being flowed into the hydroponic device. The provision of
different types of nutrient solutions and different water concentrations greatly affects the
productivity of hydroponic plants. This research was conducted from September to November
2019, at the Sidondo Agricultural Technology Research and Study Installation (IP2TP). The
purpose of this study was to determine the concentration of raw water and concentration of AB
Mix solution which is good for plant growth in hydroponics. The method in this study used a
factorial randomized block design (RAKF) consisting of two factors. The first factor is the type
of nutrient solution (Agromax and Hidro J) and the second factor is the concentration of Total
Dissolve Solid in raw water (20 ppm and 200 ppm). The type of vegetable used for hydroponic
cultivation is water spinach. Each treatment was repeated 3 times. Based on the results of the
study, it was found that giving Agromax nutritional solution using a concentration of Total
Dissolve Solid raw water 20 ppm gave the best growth results when compared to other
treatments, on each yield parameter of kale including plant height, number of leaves, stem
diameter, leaf area, root length, root weight, leaf weight, and stem weight.

Keywords: Hydroponic, Kinds of Nutrition, Water Concentration, Factorial Randomized Block

Design (RAKF), Total Dissolve Solid

Topic: Crop Production and Environment

78
 [ABS-26]
Application of lime and liquid organic fertelizer to the growth and production of satoimo
taro (Colocasia esculenta L.schott var. Antiquorum)

D Sartika (a), M Syafiuddin (a), A Ahmad (a)

a) Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Hasanuddin

Abstract

Satoimo taro is a type of taro plant that is widely cultivated in Indonesia. Satoimo taro contains
high carbohydrates, protein, minerals and vitamins. The research objective was to determine the
effect of lime in increasing the pH of Alfisol soil combined with liquid organic fertilizers on the
growth and production of satoimo taro plants. This study used a split plot design with the main
plot was lime and no-lime. The subplots were no-lime with POC, no-lime with POC sustainable
green, no-lime with Nasa POC, no-lime with POC PHF malaysia, no-lime with superbiota POC,
without no-lime with POC , without no-lime with POC sustainable green, without no-lime with
POC nasa / SNN, without no-lime with POC PHF malesian, without no-Lime with POC
superbiota, with 3 replications. The results showed that the plants given POC PHF malesis were
more significant than the other plants.

Keywords: no-lime,organic fertelizers,satoimo taro

Topic: Crop Production and Environment

79
 [ABS-29]
The seed quality of Indonesian cowpea local varieties after storage

M. Muchlish Adie (a), Ayda Krisnawati (a), Yuliantoro Baliadi (a), Eriyanto Yusnawan (a),
Andy Wijanarko (a)

a) Indonesian Legume and Tuber Crops Research Institute (ILETRI)

Abstract

The optimum performance of the cowpea plant population in the field could be determined by
their seed quality. The research aims to evaluate the seed quality of several cowpea local
varieties after being stored in the form of seeds and pods. A total of 19 cowpea local varieties
from East Java, West Nusa Tenggara, South Kalimantan, and West Sulawesi were evaluated for
their seed vigor and viability after being stored for 30 and 60 days at the room temperature using
plant material in the form of seeds and pods. The seed multiplication was conducted in the field
at Banyuwangi, and the seed quality test using sand media was carried out at the glasshouse of
ILETRI Malang. Two hundred matured pods were randomly detached from each variety after
plant maturity, and then pods were dried under the sun. After the pods were dried, they were
placed in a sealed plastic container and then stored at ambient conditions. The seed quality test
was conducted in two replications, using 25 seeds which were randomly taken from each
treatment. The storage of cowpea in the form of pods and seeds for up to 30 days did not
significantly affect the seed quality. Four local varieties (VU 0007, VU 0093, VU 0125, VU
0155) showed good viability at the storage of 30 and 60 days, respectively. Meanwhile, VU 0032
and VU 0076 have optimum viability after being stored for 60 days. The speed of the
germination index (SGI) was not only describing the level of vigor but it also able to show the
type of the plant material to be stored. The VU 0007, VU 0093, and VU 0155 were
recommended to be stored in the form of seeds compared to in the form of pods, meanwhile, the
VU 0125 can be stored for up to 60 days in the form of seeds or pods. The morphological
characters of sprouts, namely hypocotyl length, stem dry weight, and root dry weight, could be
considered as a benchmark parameter for seed vigor of cowpea.

Keywords: ambient storage, hypocotyl length, dry weight, Vigna unguiculata

Topic: Crop Production and Environment

80
 [ABS-287]
Application of coffee husk compose and em4 concentration on the growth and yield of chili
pepper

Adnan (a), Basri AB (b), Abdul Azis (b) and Idawanni (b)

a) AIAT
b) BPTP ACEH

Abstract

This study aims to investigate the effects of concentration in a single factor or in an interaction
manner on the growth and yield of chili pepper. The research was conducted in Tangsi Lama
Village, Seruway District, Aceh Tamiang Regency from October 2018 to January 2019. Using a
factorial randomized block design (RBD), which consisted of two factors, namely: The factor of
giving coffee husk waste (K) consisting of 4 levels, among others- (1) K0 = 0 ton / ha, (2) K1 =
10 ton / ha, (3) D3 = 20 ton / ha and (4) D4 = 30 ton / ha. The EM4 concentration coffee husk
waste and EM4 factor consists of 4 levels, namely- (1) B0 = 0 ml / lt water, (2) B1 = 5 ml / lt
water, (3) B2 = 10 ml / lt water and (4) B3 = 15 ml / lt water. Observations were made on plant
height, stem diameter, number of productive branches, number of chilies per plant and chilies
weight per plot. The results showed that the treatment of coffee husk waste had a very significant
effect on the number of productive branches, the number of chilies per plant, and chilies weight
per plot. Significantly affected plant height at 45 days after planting (DAP) and stem diameter at
45 DAP, had no significant effect on plant height at 30 DAP and stem diameter at 30 DAP. The
best interaction treatment for coffee husk waste compost was found in the K3 treatment (30
tonnes / ha). The treatment of EM4 concentration had a very significant effect on the number of
productive branches, the number of chilies per plant, and chilies weight per plot. The best
interaction was found in the compost of coffee husk waste 30 tonnes / ha with a concentration of
EM4 15 ml / lt water (K3B3). To get a good growth and yield of Chili pepper, it is recommended
to use 30 tonnes / ha of coffee husk waste with an EM4 concentration of 15 ml / lt of water.

Keywords: Keyword : Coffee husk waste, EM4 concentration, chili pepper

Topic: Crop Production and Environment

81
 [ABS-292]
Physiological responses of clove seedlings applied with different microbial consortium in
the rhizosphere and phyllosphere

Nana Rezkiana (a), Yunus Musa (b), Nasaruddin (b), Ifayanti Ridwan (b), and Kurniawan (a)

a) Magister Study Program of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Jl.

Perintis Kemerdekaan KM 10 Makassar 90245, Indonesia.
b) Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan
KM 10 Makassar 90245, Indonesia.

Abstract

Rhizhosphere and phyllosphere serve as habitat for many kinds of plant-associated microbial.
This study aims to study the effect of application of microbial consortium in the rhizosphere and
phyllosphere of clove seedlings on the plant physiological parameters. The study was conducted
as a factorial experiment with two factors based on the randomized blocked design. Application
of microbial consortium of Azotobacter sp., Lactobacillus sp., Bacillus subtilis, and Trichoderma
sp. in the rhizosphere was set as the first factor, consisted of four levels, namely control (0 mL),
4, 6, and 8 mL. The second factor was the application of the microbial consortium of
Gliocladium sp. and Beauveria bassiana in the phyllosphere consisted of four levels, namely
control (0 mL), 2, 4, and 6 mL. The physiological parameters observed included observations on
the components of leaf stomata, light intensity, and leaf chlorophyll. Result the study showed the
average value of the best treatment interactions by application of 8 mL in the rhizosphere and 6
mL in the philosphere, however application the microbial consortium in the rhizosphere and the
philosphere simultaneously did not give significantly different from control means that the
application of 8mL treatment in the rhizosphere or 6mL in the philosphere gives significantly
different results at the Turkey test, So that can affect physiology Clove seedlings, directly or
indirectly.

Keywords: Clove Seeds, Microbial Consortium, Rhizosphere, Philosphere. Physiology,

Stomata, Light, Chlorophyll.

Topic: Crop Production and Environment

82
 [ABS-39]
The potential estimation of soil fertility based mineral types in Papalang areas, Mamuju
Regency, West Sulawesi

Ida Suryani (a*) and Christianto Lopulisa (b)

a) Faculty of Agriculture and Technology, Cokroaminoto University Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan KM. 10
Tamalanrea, Makassar 90245, INDONESIA
b) Soil Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan
KM. 10 Tamalanrea, Makassar 90245, INDONESIA

*idasuryani8311@gmail.com

Abstract

Commonly mineral is the soil inorganic material composed by various chemical elements. They
are become important source of plant nutrients. The research objective is to determine the
physical properties of the soil and microscopically identified at the top layer (0-20 cm) and lower
layer (20 - 50 cm) including: color, form, mineral shape and size. The material description
included: composition of the upper (55%) and lower (35%) of matrix layers consisting: color,
absorption, inference color, shape, size and quantity. Determining the types of mineral found and
identifying the types of nutrient-carrying minerals to determine the level of soil fertility was held
in the Papalang areas, Mamuju Regency, West Sulawesi. The methods in this research is the
survey by observing and describing soil profiles in field, laboratory analysis, identifying soil-
forming mineral through thin section method used a polarizing microscope. Based the results of
mineral analysis, findings about 6 types of minerals were identified as: quartz, Biotite and K-
Feldspar is the primary of silicate mineral. The amount of K-Feldspar mineral ranged from 5 -
15%, measuring 0.04 - 0.3 mm. The opaque is an oxide mineral, found in all profiles in the upper
and lower layers, about 5 - 15%, with a size of 0.01 - 0.8 mm. Clay is the secondary minerals
from alteration of primary minerals at the 35 - 60%. The result of the research showed the
potential of soil fertility in the Papalang areas was classified as good.

Keywords: physical properties- micro morphology- thin section- mineral- Mamuju

Topic: Crop Production and Environment

83
 [ABS-41]
The influence of scope and leaves on the growth of pepper in seedings

Azri (a*), Muhammad Hatta (a)

a) Assessment Institue for Agricultural Technology of West Kalimantan

Abstract

Pepper is one of the plantation crop commodities that can support the economy and the lives of
the people of this area. This is very reasonable because most of the population of West
Kalimantan still relies on a source of income from pepper. In 2017, the area of pepper plants in
West Kalimantan reached 10,307 ha with production of 5,499 tonnes, and in 2018 10,550 ha
with production of 5,446 tonnes. The area of pepper plants in West Kalimantan has increased but
its productivity has decreased. The productivity of pepper in West Kalimantan is still low
compared to the national one. The average productivity of West Kalimantan pepper is below
0.85 tonnes / ha compared to the national 1.5 tonnes / ha. The main problems with pepper plants
in West Kalimantan are the availability of superior seeds for pepper, low productivity and the
presence of disease attacks, the application of pepper cultivation techniques is still simple, the
application of fertilizers is not in accordance with the recommended dosage, the attack of pests
and diseases. The treatment to be examined is the type of plastic cover and foliar fertilizer. The
types of hoods are: white plastic cover (S1), black plastic cover, 3. The cover from coconut
midrib (S3) and the foliar fertilizers used are without foliar fertilizer (D0) and foliar fertilizer
(D1), the number of repetitions is 4 times, with The treatment combination consisted of S1D0,
S1D1, S2D0, S2D1, S3D0 and S3D1 the number of plants per plot of 16 plants so that the total
number of plants was 16x 6x 4 = 384 plants. The treatment design used a randomized block
design (RBD) with factorial. For this reason, obtaining and providing large quantities of pepper
seeds needs to be carried out to provide new superior pepper seeds. However, there is still a high
percentage of dead pepper seeds, so it is necessary to do research on the types of seed caps and
accelerate the growth of the seeds by providing foliar fertilizer. The purpose of this study w

Keywords: Keywords: cover, growth capacity, pepper seeds, foliar fertilizer

Topic: Crop Production and Environment

84
 [ABS-42]
Study of technology packages to increase chili production in South Sulawesi

Maintang (a), Asriyanti Ilyas (a), Nurlaila (a) and M. Basir Nappu (a)

a) Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology (AIAT) South Sulawesi

Abstract

Chili is a leading horticultural commodity in South Sulawesi Province, and also nationally in
Indonesia. The application of appropriate cultivation technologies encourage to increase
production of chilies. This study aims to obtain a technology package to increase the production
of chili plants, which conducted in Lengkese Village, Mangarabombang District, Takalar
Regency, South Sulawesi Province, from April to August 2019. The experimental design used
was a randomized block design, with three replications and five treatments, namely : A (Maruti
variety, closed nursery, MPHP, 75 cm x 60 cm spacing, 20 t/ha organic fertilizer, and 180 kg/ha
N, P, K fertilizers)- B (Maruti, closed nursery, MPHP, 75 cm x 60 cm spacing, 10 t/ha organic
fertilizer, and 135 kg/ha N, P, K fertilizers)- C (Maruti, closed nurseries, MPHP, 75 cm x 40 cm
spacing, 10 t/ha organic fertilizer, and 180 kg/ha N, P, K fertilizers)- D (Maruti, closed nursery,
MPHP, plant spacing 75 cm x 40 cm, organic fertilizer 20 t/ha, and 135 kg/ha N, P, K fertilizers-
and E (Maruti, open nursery, spacing 75 cm x 30 cm, and fertilizers of N 127 kg/h, P 60 kg/ha, K
60 kg/ha). The results showed that treatment C with technologi package : Maruti, closed
nurseries, MPHP, 75 cm x 40 cm spacing, 10 t/ha organic fertilizer, and 180 kg/ha N, P, K
fertilizers showed the fruit weight of chilies /plants was higher than treatment A and D, which
was significantly different from treatment E and gave the higher yield of chili namely 14.97 t/ha.
The pests and diseases that found include aphids (Myzus persicae), fruit flies (Bactrocera spp.),
Fusarium wilt, and Anthracnose, each with low infestation rates. This technology package can be
used to support increased chili production in South Sulawesi.

Keywords: Chili, cultivation technology, production

Topic: Crop Production and Environment

85
 [ABS-43]
Growth and results test of adaptive superior rice varieties through integrated components
in the rains of Central Java Rain

Arif Susila (a), Sodiq Jauhari (a), Renie Oelviani (a), Endah Winarni (a) dan Wahyudi Haryanto
(a)

a) Assessment Institute for Agricultural Central Java

Abstract

The study aims to find new varieties of rice that was adaptive with superior potential that was
core out in three district in MT 2016. The land area of 2000 m2 each involving farmer
cooperators. The assessment method uses the on farm research participant (OFCOR) approach in
the demonstrations plot area. The superior varieties tested were Inpari 30, Inpari 10, Mekongga
and Ciherang varieties as comparison. The parameters observed included the variability of plant
growth and yields component pest, attack, and farmers response. The analytical method use
anova to compare the mean of each tested variable using the BNT advanced test. The result show
that the diversity of the new superior variety Inpari 30 by applying the integrated component
provides the highest growth performance and yield compared to the Ciherang variety that is
commonly planted by farmers with an increase of 1.9 t/ha (36.5%) GKG by the Mekongga 1.7
t/ha (32%) GKG. The lowest yields were obtained for the Inpari to variety of 5.1t/ha GKG and
Ciherang. Mekongga and Inpari 30 had the same chance to be adapted more quickly by farmers
because it provides increased yields and has the potential to be developed site spesific land.

Keywords: Growth, Adaptation, PTT, Variety, Yield

Topic: Crop Production and Environment

86
 [ABS-300]
Effect of planting spaces and fertilization package on the productivity and prolific level of
Maize

Muh. Farid BDR (a), Rusnadi Padjung (a), Nasaruddin (a), Ifayanti Ridwan (a)

a) Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Hasanuddin. Jl. Perntis Kemerdekaan

KM 10 Makassar, 90245, South Sulawesi, Indonesia

Abstract

A study aimed to determine planting system and fertilization packages that give the best result on
productivity and prolific level of Maize was conducted. Maize variety Sinhas 1 was planted with
three planting systems to design different planting spaces between and within the rows. A
Legowo planting system was used with two models, ie. Legowo (50+100) x 20 cm and Legowo
(50+100) x 18 cm, resulted in a total of 66,667 and 74,074 population per hectare, respectively.
A normal planting spacing of 75 x 20 cm was used as control with a total population of 66,667
plants per hectare. Four fertilization packages were used consisted of N:P:K= 225:100:75-
N:P:K= 200:100:60 + KNO3 10 kg- N:P:K= 225:100:75 + Ecofarming 5cc/L- and N:P:K=
200:100:50 + KNO3 10 kg + Ecofarming 5 cc/L. A split plot experimental design was employed.
Results show that planting system and fertilization packages significantly increased affected the
productivity and the prolific level of the maize. Planting density of Legowo (50+100) x 20 cm
applied with N:P:K = 200:100:50 + KNO3 10 kg + Ecofarming 5cc/L resulted in the highest
productivity of 10.43 t ha-1 with percentage of prolific of 73.36%.

Keywords: Prolific Maize, Planting Space, Fertilization, Ecofarming, Sinhas 1

Topic: Crop Production and Environment

87
 [ABS-301]
Hydroulic conductivity and soil cracking in vertisol after puddling at different soil depths

Mona Ayu Santi (a), Sikstus Gusli (a), Sartika Laban (a)

a) Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Hasanuddin

Abstract

Vertisol is a soil that has a potential for increasing the agriculture production, including for rice
rain fields. However, the characteristic of vertisol which is expands when wet and shrinkage
when dry causes the soil becomes cracked and very hard to cultivate. Therefore, this condition
will affect negatively the growth and development of non-rice plants roots especially in the dry
condition. Our objective is to learn the effect of the depth of the puddling and the application of
organic materials (ash husk and compost) to the hydraulic conductivity and Vertisol cracking
pattern. The research method is organized according to split plot design. The main plot is the
puddling depth (10 and 15 cm from the soil surface) and the sub plot is organic material
application (without organic matter, compost, and ash husk) with a dose of 10 tons/ha for each.
The hydraulic conductivity data collected after soil being crushed and after rice is harvested. The
cracking characteristics data includes the number, width, depth and length of the cracks. The
result shows the pudlling depth influence the hydrolic conductivity. The puddling of the 15 cm
gives hydraulic conductivity lower than the 10 cm puddling. However, the depth of the puddling
only affects the depth of the soil crack. In addition, application of organic material does not
affect soil hydraulic conductivity, but affects the number, length and length of the cracks.

Keywords: soil expands and shrinkage, soil cracking, conductivity of water, compost, ash husk

Topic: Crop Production and Environment

88
 [ABS-302]
The morphological characteristic and classification of inceptisol soil in few land at Mamuju
Regency, West Sulawesi

Ida Suryani (a*) and Maimuna Nontji (b)

a) Faculty of Agriculture and Technology, Cokroaminoto University Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan KM. 10
Tamalanrea, Makassar 90245, INDONESIA
b) Department of Agrotecnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Indonesian Moslem University (UMI),
Makassar INDONESIA

*idasuryani8311@gmail.com

Abstract

Soil morphology provide overview the evolution in the soil body through description and
interpretation of soil profile properties as initial information in classifying soil. The research
purpose is to determine the morphological characteristics and soil classification of Inceptisols in
four study profiles: Kalonding, Batu Papan, Pepalang and Batu Ampat, in Mamuju Regency,
West Sulawesi. The research method was descriptive exploratory by survey in the field and soil
analysis in the laboratory. The results showed that most of the study profiles had lost all part of
the horizon A indicated by the relatively high chroma color indicate color of horizon B. In
general, texture clay because the clay content of the study profile relatively high and the dust
ratio is low. It related to the intensity of weathering to high rainfall, easily weathered source
stone and relatively high resistant of mineral content. Horizon A has a relatively lower clay
content than horizon B. Other chemical properties: pH, N-total, cation exchange capacity,
alkaline saturation, exchangeable of Ca, , Mg, K, Na and P- availability is low with a relatively
constant distribution pattern related increasing depth. Based study profiles, Udepts not sulfuric
horizon, duripan, fragipan and does not have free carbonates in the soil, alkaline saturation
greater (equal to 60%) between 25 - 75 cm depth from the mineral soil surface. This categorized
into Great Group Dystrudepts and sub group Typic Dystrudepts for the study profile of Batu
Papan, Pepalang and Batu Ampat. The Kalonding study profile belongs to sub group Lithic
Dystrudepts.

Keywords: morphological character, Inceptisol, soil classification, Mamuju

Topic: Crop Production and Environment

89
 [ABS-47]
Off-Season cultivation of several shallot varieties in dry land, Lampung

Nila Wardani (a), Nina Mulyanti (a), Dewi Rumbaina M (a), Agung Lasmono (a) and Rismawita
Sinaga (a)

a) Lampung Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology

Abstract

Abstract. Lampung is one of the centers for shallot development in Indonesia and it is estimated
that there are 10 - 100 thousand ha of dry land in the lowlands and uplands which can be
optimized for the development of shallot farming. The application of location-specific off-season
shallot cultivation technology and the use of superior varieties in the development of shallot
centers on dry land is expected to be able to guarantee its availability throughout the year and
overcome price fluctuations. For this reason, it is necessary to study the cultivation of shallots
outside the season with varieties in accordance with market demand. This activity was carried
out in Tanggamus Regency, from January to December 2018. The design used was the Split Plot
Design, where the main plot was the use of mulch and without mulch and as sub-plots were 3
shallot varieties, namely: 1. Bima Brebes variety- 2. Trisula and 3. Bali Karet varieties. Each
treatment was repeated 4 times. The data obtained were analyzed using variance with Duncan^s
continued test at the 5% level. The results of the study show that off-seasson shallot cultivation is
promising to be cultivated by farmers because the production is quite good with an average of
14.59 tonnes / ha using Bima Brebes, Trisula and Bali Karet varieties. Bali Karet varieties have
good prospects to be developed and planted outside the season because they are more resistant to
pests and diseases and have the highest production (20.87 tonnes / ha) compared to Bima Brebes
and Trisula varieties. There was no significant difference between the use of mulch and without
mulch on the off-season shallot production.

Keywords: Bawang merah, Off Season, Lahan kering, Lampung

Topic: Crop Production and Environment

90
 [ABS-53]
The effect of compost application on soil fertility parameters and cocoa productivity

Muthmainnah (a*), Laode Asrul (a), Rusnadi Padjung (a), Kurniawan (a), Utari Eka Setiani (a)

a) Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University

Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan KM.10, Tamalanrea Indah, Kec. Tamalanrea, Kota Makassar, Sulawesi Selatan
90245, Indonesia

Abstract

Cocoa is one of the plantation crops that has an important role in the national economy whose
production has decreased due to ineffective treatment of plants. One thing that can be done was
the addition of organic material by composting effectively. This study aimed to determine the
effect of Cocoa husk compost application on soil fertility and cocoa productivity. This study was
conducted in Gantarangkeke Village, Gantarangkeke Sub-district, Bantaeng Regency, South
Sulawesi Province and took place from March to September 2020. This study used a randomized
block design as its environmental design. Compost application consists of 5 levels, namely
control (0 kg/tree), (2.5 kg/tree), (5 kg/tree), (7.5 kg/tree), (10 kg/tree). The results of the study
experiment showed that compost application of 10 kg/tree resulted in a pH of 6.3, CEC value of
27.14 cmol (+)/kg, organic-C content of 2.16%, available-P content of 18.1 ppm, K 0.46 cmol
(+)/kg, Number of fruit/tree 9.67 (fruit), seeds/fruit 28.37 (seeds), Weight 100 dry seeds 113.17
(g), Dry seeds per tree 315.50 (g), Dry seeds per hectare 350.50 (kg/ha).

Keywords: Cocoa- Compost- Soil- Production

Topic: Crop Production and Environment

91
 [ABS-71]
Climate, land area, and fertilizer distribution policy supports to Lampung Strategic Food
Production

Reli Hevrizen (a), Meidaliyantisyah (a)

a) Lampung AIAT

Abstract

Rainfall, land area, and subsidized fertilizer distribution system policies are predicted to affect
the production of strategic crops in Lampung Province. This study aims to determine how much
influence the rainfall, land area, and distribution system of subsidized fertilizers on the
production of rice, corn and cassava in Lampung Province and determine the carrying capacity
of climate, land and fertilizer distribution policies on the production of strategic food crops in
Lampung. This study used a descriptive analysis method by taking data on rainfall, land area,
subsidized fertilizer distribution system and time-series food crop production for 15 years (2002-
2016). Data analysis used multiple linear regression with Eviews 9.0 software. Testing data using
assumption tests (autocorrelation and multicollinearity), F test (overall), correlation coefficient
(r), coefficient of determination (R). The results showed that each 1 mm/year increase in rainfall
in Lampung Province from 2002-2016 would reduce rice production by 45.6 tons, corn by 87.97
tons and cassava by 733.6 tons. Meanwhile, every increase of 1 hectare of land in Lampung
Province will increase rice production by 6.2 tons, corn 4.65 tons, and cassava 26.01 tons. In
addition, the subsidized fertilizer distribution system variable which is also part of the production
factor also plays a positive role in the production of rice, corn and cassava. The carrying capacity
of rainfall, land area, and the distribution system of subsidized fertilizers on Lampung strategic
food crop production are rice 96.1%, corn 86.9%, and cassava 79.09%.

Keywords: rice, corn, cassava, Lampung

Topic: Crop Production and Environment

92
 [ABS-73]
Influence of media and natural seedlings height on growth and survival of eha (Castanopsis
buruanaMiq.)

Husna (a), Basrudin (a), Faisal Danu Tuheteru (a), Asrianti Arif (a), Albasri (a)

a) Halu Oleo University

Abstract

Castanopsis buruana Miq. from the Fagaceae family is one of the endemic species that grows in
the lowland forests of Sulawesi. This plant has important economic value as a producer of wood
and nuts which have high nutritional value so that they are suitable for cultivation. To support
the development of the plantation forest C. buruana Miq. in Sulawesi, it is necessary to
understand the silvicultural technique. Recently, C. buruana Miq. can be propagated by seed, but
the problem is that it does not produced fruit every year, the seeds are easily damaged and have a
hard and thick seed coat that takes a long time to germinate. Therefore, we need an alternative
cultivation technology with vegetative propagation. This study aims to examine the success of
growing natural seedlings of C. buruana Miq. at different media treatments and seedlings
heights. This research was prepared based on a completely randomized design consisting of two
factors. The first factor consisted of 3 levels of treatments, namely soil, soil + compost 1:1, and
soil + compost 2:1. The second factor was the height of the tillers consisted of 3 levels of
treatment, namely 10 cm, 20 and 30 cm. The data from the observations were analyzed using the
F test, if the treatment had a significant effect then it was followed by the Duncan test with the
5% confidence level. The results showed that the type of media had no significant effect on all
tested variables. The treatment of tiller height and its interaction had no significant effect on all
tested variables, except for shoot height had a significant effect. Soil treatment + compost 1:1
yielded a live percentage and 100% sprouting percentage with a shoot height of 15 cm and a
shoot dry weight of 0.67 g. The treatment of seedling height resulted in a live percentage and
100% sprouting percentage with a shoot height of 3 cm and a dry weight of 0.60 g. The
composition of 1:1 compost soil media and 20 cm root height is the best treatment because it can
incre

Keywords: Natural seedlings, root crops, Castanopsis buruana, survival seedling

Topic: Crop Production and Environment

93
 [ABS-75]
Farming analysis of soy bean cultivation under coconut plantation in North Sulawesi

Conny N Manoppo (a), Yusuf (b), and Muchamad Yusron (c)

a) North Sulawesi Assessment Institute of Agricultural Technology, Indonesia

b) Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development. Indonesia
c) Indonesian Center for Agricultural Technology Assessment and Development.

Abstract

The land under coconut plantation in North Sulawesi has not been optimally utilized, one of the
commodities that can be cultivated is soybean. The purpose of this study was to study the growth
and productivity of soybeans, as well as to analyze the economic feasibility of soybean
cultivating under coconut. The experimental design used was a factorial experiment. The first
factor is the soybean variety, and the second factor is the fertilizer dosages. The soybean
varieties used are Dena-1 and Anjasmoro. Fertilization dosage: (i) recommended dosage (Urea
75 kg, SP36 100 kg, and KCl 100 kg/ha, (ii) dosage based on soil analysis (SP36 200 kg/ha) and
KCl 100 kg/ha), (iii) Manure + trichoderma 2 ton/ha + biourine (applied weekly) + NPK 200
kg/ha, and (iv) farmer^s dosage. The results showed that under shaded conditions of coconut
stands, the Dena-1 variety production was higher than Anjasmoro. Production respectively 2,210
kg/ha and 1,882 kg/ha. The recommended dosage (Urea 75 kg, SP36 100 kg, and KCl 100 kg/ha)
produced the highest soybean yield. Based on farm analysis, soybeans can be cultivated and
developed as a crop under coconut stands. Assuming a soybean price of Rp.6.500/kg, R/C ratio
of soybean cultivation ranged from 1.318 to 1.449. The highest R/C ratio was obtained using
organic fertilizers, while the lowest R/C ratio (1.318) was using based on soil analysis fertilizer
dosages.

Keywords: farming analysis, soybean, coconut plantation, North Sulawesi

Topic: Crop Production and Environment

94
 [ABS-77]
Nutrient uptake of corn plant as affected by addition of rock dust that have been treated by
heating and humic materials

Syofia Asridawati (a), Febrianti Halim (a)

a) Agrotechnology Department, Pelalawan School of Technology (STT Pelalawan), Jl. Lintas Timur Km.
28, Desa Simpang Beringin, Kecamatan Bandar Seikijang, Kabupaten Pelalawan-Riau, 28383)

Abstract

Silicate rocks are natural substance that contain many essential nutrients for plants, but the
applications of silicate rocks dust as fertilizer in agriculture are very limited. It is because the
nutrients derived from silicate rocks dust were very slowly available, as result, the effect on plant
growth is not significant. Effort that can be used to accelerate the availability of nutrients from
rocks dust fertilizer is through heating treatment and giving humic materials. This research was
conducted using a split plot designed by three factors, namely the first factor is heating
(temperature 250 C, 300 C and 700 C) as the main plot, the second factor is a type of rocks
(trachyte, diorite, and basalt) and the third factor is the solvent (KOH 0,1N, rainwater, lignite
humic and peat humic) as the subplot. The results showed that the rock dust fertilizer that was
treated with peat humic gave a significant influence to the plant height 14 days after planting
(DAP). In addition, the application of basalt rock dust fertilizer can give a significant influence
to corn plants height at the age of 21, 28, and 35 DAP. The highest dry weight of corn plants was
obtained in the treatment of basalt rock dust that was treated by heating to temperature of 700 C
with the solvent peat humic. Nutrient uptake of K and Cu in corn plants tend to be higher in
treatment with in the rock dust that was treated by heating to temperature of 300 C and lignite
humic solvent. Nutrient uptake of Ca, Mg, Fe and Mn in corn plants tend to be higher in the
treatment of basalt rock dust that was treated by heating to temperature of 700 C and peat humic
solvent, but it looks there is not different with rain water solvent.

Keywords: corn, humic, natural fertilizer,rock dust

Topic: Crop Production and Environment

95
 [ABS-81]
The utilization of sawdust and chicken cage fertilizer forgrowth cover crop as a
conservation efforts in proper mine lands

IE Halim (a), Z Chairuddin (a*), and DA Rampisella (a)

a) Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Jl. Pioneer Independence
km. 10, Makassar, 90245, Indonesia.

*zulkarnain_chairuddin@yahoo.com

Abstract

Nickel mining activities mainly using open pit techniques often affect surface morphology and
allow the land to be suboptimal for reuse. Land restoration activities, such as providing organic
matter, are an effort to optimize marginal land. This study aims to determine the use of planting
media made from chicken manure and sawdust for the growth of cover crops as an effort to
reclaim ex-mining land. This research method used a randomized block design. The results of
this study indicate that the addition of organic matter to the soil can increase the growth and
number of leaves on the cover crop.

Keywords: Sawdust and Chicken Cage Fertilizer

Topic: Crop Production and Environment

96
 [ABS-85]
Chemical characteristics of nickel mine soil after addition of organic material

N Chasanah (a), SA Lias (a), and DA Rampisela (a)

a) Departmen of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Hasanuddin, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan
km.10, Makassar, 90245, Indonesia.

Abstract

Abstract. Mining activities using open pit techniques cause land damage such as decreased soil
fertility, heavy erosion, and loss of topsoil. Decreased soil chemical properties so that it cannot
support the plant root system and will have an impact on abnormal plant growth. This study aims
to determine changes in the chemical characteristics of nickel mining soil after the addition of
organic matter. This research uses location survey methods and laboratory tests, as well as
literature studies. The results showed that the addition of organic matter to the soil could reduce
the toxic elements in the soil and improve soil aggregates. The chelating ability of organic matter
is proven to improve soil chemical properties.

Keywords: Nickel mine soil, soil chemistry, organic materials

Topic: Crop Production and Environment

97
 [ABS-97]
Effect of sucrosin biostimulant on early growth of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.)
var. CM 2012

Zahraeni Kumalawati (a), Kafrawi (b), Sri Mulyani (b), Irwan Nur (b), and Andi Rusdayani
Amin (c)

a) Study Program of Food Crop Production Technology, Department of Plantation, Pangkep State
Polytechnic of Agricultural, Jl Poros Makassar Pare-pare Km 83 Mandalle Kabupaten Pangkep, 90655,
South Sulawesi, Indonesia.
b) Study Program of Horticultural Plant Production Technology, Department of Plantation, Pangkep State
Polytechnic of Agricultural,, Jl Poros Makassar Pare-pare Km 83 Mandalle Kabupaten Pangkep, 90655,
South Sulawesi, Indonesia.
c) Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Hasanuddin. Jl. Perntis Kemerdekaan
KM 10 Makassar, 90245, South Sulawesi, Indonesia.

Abstract

A study was carried out to study the effect of sucrosin biostimulant application on the early
growth of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) var. CM 2012 in the PT Perkebunan Nusantara
XIV Arasoe Sugar Factory, Bone Regency, South Sulawesi from June to September 2019. The
sucrosin was applied by immersing three segments of sugarcane cuttings (three eyes) for 30
minutes, then planted in a separate block from control treatment, with an area of 3 ha,
respectively. Plant sampling was carried out diagonally on 10 rows of plants with a line length of
10 m per row. Data analysis was carried using the independent sample^s T test at the &#945-
=0.05 level, regression, and correlation analysis to compare the growth parameters of sugarcane
shoots, and to determine the relationship between shoot growth and the sucrosin treatments. The
results show that the application of sucrosin to sugarcane cuttings significantly increased the
early growth of sugarcane indicated by the parameter of shoot height increase at the 8th week,
the number of shoots and tillers per meter and the number of leaf chlorophyll at the fourth week.
The variable value of sucrosin treatment was highly correlated with the control indicated by the
highest correlation value in the leaf chlorophyll number (0.996) and the lowest in the shoots
height increase (0.991). The increase of the sucrosin treatment value in the regression equation is
greater than the control, means, for each addition of one control value, the value of sucrosin
treatment increases by 1.96, 10.06, 5.12 and 11.41 in the parameters of shoot height, number of
primary shoots, number of tillers, and number of chlorophyll of sugarcane leaves.

Keywords: sucrosin, biostimulant, sugarcane.

Topic: Crop Production and Environment

98
 [ABS-98]
The effect of liquid organic fertilizer and phosphate solubilising bacteria basillus sp on
potato growth (Solanum tuberosum) in andisol soil

AE Marpaung (a*), H Hanum (b), M Sembiring (b)

a) Postgraduate Student of agriculture Faculty, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan 20155, Indonesia
b) Faculty of agriculture, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan 20155, Indonesia

*agustinamarpaung@yahoo.com

Abstract

Andisol is a type soil which has very strong characteristic of binding phosphate nutrients,
because bound by allophone clay minerals which can retain P up to 97.8%. Therefore, P in the
soil not available for plants, while the total P in the soil is high. The availability of P for plants
can be done by giving organic material and phosphate solubilising microbes. The aim of study is
to determine the effect of using liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) and phosphate solubilising
bacteria (PSB) Basillus sp on the potato growth in andisol soil. The design used was a factorial
randomized block design with three replications. The treatments are first factor the LOF dosage
(0 (control), 40, 80 and 120 ml/l water} and the second factor the PSB Basillus sp type {without
bacteria (control), Bacillus cereus, Bacillus pseudomycoides and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens).
The results showed that the application of LOF with dose 40-120 ml/l water could not increase
the potatoes growth compared control. Application PSB can increase the height and diameter (1-
9%), wet and dry weight (9-21%) of potatoes plants compared control. The application of 40 ml/l
water LOF and PSB Bacillus amyloliquefaciens increased the number of potato tillers 41.50%
from the control.

Keywords: Andisol, Solanum tuberosum, Liquid organic fertilizer, Dose, Phosphate solubilising
bacteria

Topic: Crop Production and Environment

99
 [ABS-104]
Growth performance of several promising local upland rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes of
Southeast Sulawesi

Teguh Wijayanto (a), Ramdayani (a), Arditya, Asniah (a), and La Ode Afa (a)

a) Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Halu Oleo

Kampus Baru, Bumi Tridharma, Anduonohu, Kendari

Abstract

Southeast Sulawesi, which is located in the southeastern part of the island of Sulawesi, is one of
the upland rice producers in Indonesia. Upland rice cultivation in Southeast Sulawesi is still not
optimal because the community is still focused on developing lowland rice. Southeast Sulawesi
has extensive dry land area and local upland rice genotypes have good growth and yield
potential. This study aimed to determine the differences in the growth of several local upland rice
genotypes of Southeast Sulawesi which were cultivated in Kendari City. This research was
carried out in Experiment Field 2, Faculty of Agriculture, Halu Oleo University, which is located
in Kambu District, Kendari City, Southeast Sulawesi. The research was conducted using a
randomized block design (RBD) consisting of 10 genotypes, namely Wagamba (V1), Wangkariri
(V2), Momea (V3), Waburi-buri (V4), Konkep (V5), Bakala (V6), Wakawondu (V7), Tinangge
(V8), Loiyo putih (V9) and Bombana (V10). Each treatment was repeated 3 times in order to
obtain 30 experimental units. The results showed that potential genotypes that can be developed
in Kendari City were Wakawondu genotype based on parameters of the number of tillers, plant
height, and number of leaves, Wagamba genotype based on leaf width parameter, and
Wangkariri genotype based on the flowering age and number of tiller parameters.

Keywords: Genotypes, growth and yield, local upland rice

Topic: Crop Production and Environment

100
 [ABS-107]
Comparative evaluation of cocoa seeds germination in local variety gantarangkeke
bantaeng (GTB) with MCC 01 variety using seed priming treatment

Muhammad Yusril Hardiansyah (a*), Azmi Nur Karimah Amas (a), Yunus Musa (a), Abdul
Mollah Jaya (a)

a) Department of Agronomy, Agrotechnology Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin

University, Makassar, Indonesia

Abstract

Gantarangkeke Bantaeng (GTB) variety seed is a type of local seed that has experienced a
decline in its existence due to the emergence of superior seed types such as the MCC 01 variety
resulting in low local cocoa production due to the lack of use of GTB seeds in South Sulawesi.
One of the causes of low seeds quality is the lack of special treatment given to seeds which refers
to the inhibition of germination of cultivated cocoa seeds. On average, farmers^ production is
only 1/5 of the potential productivity of the plant, which ranges from 1.2 - 3 Tonnes/Ha in South
Sulawesi. Seed priming is a treatment of soaking seeds with microbes to improve the quality of
seeds germination. This study aims to determine the comparison of the germination of local
varieties of cocoa seeds GTB with varieties MCC 01 using PGPR Seed Priming treatment. This
study was arranged in the form of a two-factor factorial design (F2F) in a randomized block
design (RBD). The use of cocoa seed varieties as the first factor consisted of local GTB and
MCC 01 cocoa, while the Seed Priming treatment with various concentrations of PGPR as the
second factor consisted of concentrations of 0% (control), 5%, 10% and 15%. The results
obtained indicated that the treatment with Seed Priming affected the germination of two varieties
of cocoa seeds which included the parameters of MCC 01 seeds germination which was higher
than local GTB seeds (100.00%), the growth speed of MCC 01 seeds was higher than local GTB
seeds (7.14%/etmal) while the local abnormal GTB seeds were higher than MCC 01 seeds
(10.00%). So it can be concluded that the Seed Priming treatment of cocoa seeds has a high
effect on seed germination of the MCC 01 variety compared to the local variety GTB.

Keywords: Cocoa, Germination, GTB, MCC 01, Seed Priming

Topic: Crop Production and Environment

101
 [ABS-111]
Assessment of cultivation technology package to increase double production of red chili in
Karo

Sortha Simatupang (a), Imelda Marpaung (a),Sarman Tobing (a) and Khadijah El Ramija (a)

a) BPTP Sumatera Utara

Abstract

The Proliga Technology Package (Multiple Fold Production) is one of the newest cultivation
technology innovations produced by the IAARD. This technology targets productivity to double
from existing conditions. The productivity of red chilies in North Sumatra in the last five years
has been low, around 3-9 tonnes / ha.The results of the study showed that there was a significant
difference in increasing the productivity of Proliga technology, which reaches 20 t / ha and it was
more profitable than the farmer^s method.Proliga technology production costs were more
expensive than farmer technology. This is due to the additional cost of making a healthy nursery
as well as an increase in costs for harvesting wages. The total wage cost became Rp 95 million
and the total production cost becomes Rp 171,569,250, with B / C values ranging from 0.48 to
2.65. The profit received by farmers on this Proliga technology is IDR 416,180,750 per hectare
for 10 months Implications of Proliga technology innovation increase productivity and income of
red chili farmers

Keywords: Red Chili, Double Production Technology, farmer, North Sumatra

Topic: Crop Production and Environment

102
 [ABS-114]
Land suitability evaluation for cocoa in West Sulawesi using parametric approach

R Padjung (a), Harli (b), L. Asrul (a), Baja S. (c), R. Neswati (c)

a) Department of Agronomy, Agrotechnology Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin

University, Makassar, Indonesia
b) Universitas Al Asyariah Mandar
c) Department of Soil Science, Agrotechnology Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin
University, Makassar, Indonesia

Abstract

Cocoa is the main plantation crop in Indonesia after rubber and oil palm. Indonesia^s cocoa
production is the sixth largest after Ghana and Ivory Coast. Cocoa cultivation spreads to almost
all islands in Indonesia. However, the largest is on the island of Sulawesi. West Sulawesi is one
of the largest cocoa producers in Indonesia. The decline in cocoa production has continued since
2012. One of the causes of the decline in cocoa production is a decrease in acreage and low
productivity of the cocoa plant. The current average cocoa productivity is only 797 kg / ha / year.
This productivity is very low compared to the optimum productivity which can reach 2000-3000
kg / ha / year. One of the causes of low productivity is the uneven land suitability. Cocoa is
grown on land with a poor land index. This study aims to study the land index in West Sulawesi
for the development of land suitability for cocoa plants. he research took place in January-
August 2020. The collection of representative points consisted of 30 points spread over 4
districts in West Sulawesi, namely Polewali Mandar, Majene, Mamuju and Mamasa Regencies.
The results showed that there was a strong correlation between land index values and cocoa
productivity. Each increase in the land index will increase the productivity of specific cocoa
plants for the West Sulawesi Region. The highest Land Suitability Index value (53.56) was
obtained on land with cocoa productivity of 2000 kg /ha/year. The lowest Land Suitability
Indexvalue is obtained on land with a productivity of 700 kg / ha / year.

Keywords: land suitability- evaluation-cocoa- parametric approach

Topic: Crop Production and Environment

103
 [ABS-124]
Type and application time of ameliorant on soybean growth in tidal land

Danner Sagala (a), Eka Suzanna (a), Prihanani (a)

a) Agrotechnology Department Universitas Prof. Dr. Hazairin SH. Bengkulu

Abstract

Tidal swampland is one type of suboptimal land that can be developed to increase food crop
production in Indonesia. However, tidal land contains a lot of Al3+ because it has acid soil
reactions. Previous research found that the critical period for soybean plants against Al3+ stress
was at the beginning of growth until 20 days after planting. This study aims to obtain the
appropriate ameliorant to overcome Al3+ stress during the critical period of soybean growth. An
Experiment on the types of ameliorant and the application time was arranged in a randomized
block design repeated three times. The types of ameliorant tested were no ameliorant, dolomite,
husk charcoal, husk ash, and straw. Each ameliorant was given 2 tonnes/ha before planting in dry
cultivation (DC)- before planting in saturated soil culture (SSC)- 10 days after planting (DAS) on
DC, 10 DAS for SSC, 20 DAS on DC, and 20 DAS on SSC. The experiment results are
consistent with studies of saturated soil culture, which show that soybean in water-saturated
culture has better growth than dry cultivation. In all types of ameliorant and at all times,
saturated soil culture had more effect on the growth and production of soybeans. The type of
ameliorant only affected the number of branches, and the highest number of branches was
obtained in soybean treated with dolomite ameliorant. However, it was not significantly different
from other ameliorants.

Keywords: ameliorant, saturated soil culture, soybean, marginal land

Topic: Crop Production and Environment

104
 [ABS-129]
Propagation of valuable trees Castanopsis buruana Miq using stem cuttings

Asrianti Arif (a*), Husna (a), Faisal Danu Tuheteru (a), Basrudin (a), Albasri (a), Irdika Mansur
(b)

a) Department of Forestry, Faculty of Forestry and Environmental Science, Universitas Halu Oleo,
Kendari, Southeast Sulawesi 93121, Indonesia
b) Department of Silviculture, Faculty of Forestry, Bogor Agriculture University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia

*antyarf75@gmail.com

Abstract

Eha (Castanopsis buruana Miq.) is an endemic and valuable species of the Castanopsis genus
which is potential for both producing of wood and also source of food. However, sustainability
of C. buruana has many constraints in its growth and development such limited of seeds
production due to the plants do not produce seeds every year and low of seeds germination
because of hard and thick seeds coat. In order to increase the plant population, it is very
important to do species propagation with vegetative propagation methods by stem cuttings. This
study aimed to get information about vegetative propagation of C. buruana and to examine the
success of vegetative propagation C. buruana using stem cuttings which were influenced by the
application of rootone-F. The research was designed by using a completely randomized design
consisted of 5 treatments, namely no rootone-F (control), application of rootone F 100 ppm, 200
ppm, 300 ppm and 400 ppm. Each treatment was repeated four times and each replication
consisted of 5 plants, so that there were total of 100 plant units. Media used were combination of
sand: soil: rice husk charcoal (1: 1: 1 v / v / v). Thus, the variables used to determine the success
of C. buruana stem cuttings were live percentage, sprouting percentage, number of leaves,
percentage of rooted cuttings, number of roots, length of roots and number of rooted days. The
data were analyzed using the F test- if the treatments had a significant effect then it was followed
by the Duncan test with the 5% confidence level. The results showed that the application of
rootone F had no significant effect on all tested variables. There were no differences between
rootone F treatments and control for all observed variables. At the end of the research, the stem
cuttings had not produced roots yet. Moreover, C. buruana can be propagated without the
addition of rootone F.

Keywords: stem cuttings, Castanopsis buruana, sprouting percentage, rootone F

Topic: Crop Production and Environment

105
 [ABS-138]
Productivity of new superior varieties in increasing rice productivity in irrigation lands,
Jambi Province

Julistia Bobihoe (a), Jumakir (a), Endrizal (a)

a) Assesment Institute Agriculture Technology (AIAT) Jambi

Abstract

New superior varieties of rice have a very important role in increasing rice production. With the
widespread use of new superior varieties by farmers who are planted, more than 80% of the total
rice planting area of Indonesian rice production will increase. Planting varieties that are
immersion-resistant, high production and resistant to pests and diseases is an efficient way of
dealing with pests and diseases and does not pollute the environment. In Jambi Province, the use
of new superior varieties in irrigated land has begun to be of interest to most farmers. In Jambi
Province, the use of new superior varieties of rice in irrigated rice fields has begun to be
dominated by the Inpari variety. The review activities were carried out at the 2018 Constitutional
Court (March-July 2018). aims to determine the appearance of several new high yielding new
superior varieties of Inpari rice and to increase rice productivity in irrigated rice fields through
the application of super jarwo technology. The components of super jarwo rice cultivation
technology include new superior varieties with high yield potential, straw decomposers,
biological fertilizers, balanced fertilization based on the Paddy Soil Test Kit (PUTS), and control
of Plant Pest Organisms (OPT), as well as agricultural machinery (transplanters and combine
harvester). New superior varieties consist of Inpari 1, Inpari 2, Inpari 3, Inpari 4, Inpari 12, Inpari
13, Inpari 28, Inpri 30, Inpari 32, Inpari 33 and Ciherang. The results of the study showed that
the highest production was found in the Inpari 32 variety (7.2 t / ha) because it had more tillers,
more filled grains, less empty grain and 1000 seeds heavier than other Inpari varieties.

Keywords: New superior varieties Inpari, productivity, paddy fields, Jambi Province

Topic: Crop Production and Environment

106
 [ABS-142]
Effects of manure types to the growth and yield of sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) in
dry land

Samanhudi (a*), Puji Harsono (b), Eka Handayanta (c), Rofandi Hartanto (d), Ahmad Yunus (a),
Kurnia Prabawati (e)

a) Study Program of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sebelas Maret, and Center for
Research and Development of Biotechnology and Biodiversity, LPPM Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir.
Sutami 36A Surakarta 57126 - Indonesia
b) Study Program of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sebelas Maret,
Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A Surakarta 57126 - Indonesia
c) Study Program of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sebelas Maret,
Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A Surakarta 57126 - Indonesia
d) Study Program of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sebelas Maret,
Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A Surakarta 57126 - Indonesia
e) Student of Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sebelas Maret,
Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A Surakarta 57126 – Indonesia

*samanhudi@staff.uns.ac.id

Abstract

Sweet sorghum is one of the supenor commodity to increase production of food and energy.
Sweet sorghum seeds produce carbohydrates that can be processed into food ingredients, while
the sap from the stems and starch in the seeds can be converted into bioethanol through
fermentation processes. Sweet sorghum crops tolerant to drought and stagnant water, can
produce on marginal land, and relatively resistant to pests and diseases. The purpose of this
research is to determine the interaction between sweet sorghum varieties and kinds of organic
fertilizer on growth and yield of sweet sorghum in dry land. The research method is a factorial
experiment using Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD), consists of two factors, which
is sweet sorghum varieties and manure types. The varieties which was used are Kawali and
Numbu. The second treatment which was used are without manure, chicken manure, goat
manure, cow manure, and vermicompost. Total treatment combination is ten units and each
combination repeated three times. The research variables are plant height, stem diameter, leaf
area index, fresh stover weight, dry stover weight, the content of sap, panicle length, number of
seeds per panicle, and production per hectar. Data were analyzed using F test with 95% of
confidence level, if there is significantly a difference, and then followed by DMRT method in
level of 5%. The result of this research shows that the highest production per hectar is sorghum
treatmented by chicken manure equals to 2.64 ton/ha. On the other hand, for lowest production
per hectar is sorghum treatmented by without manure equals to 1.77 ton/ha.

Keywords: dry land, organic manure, sweet sorghum, Sorghum bicolor L.

Topic: Crop Production and Environment

107
 [ABS-144]
Asessment of chili double fold production technology in Gorontalo, Indonesia

Jaka Sumarno (a), Fatmah Sari Indah Hiola (a), Aryandi Kurnia Rahman (a)

a) Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology of Gorontalo, IAARD, Indonesian Ministry of

Agriculture

Abstract

The aims of the study were: 1) to determine the agronomic and financial performance of the
application of Chili Double Fold Production (PROLIGA) technology, 2) to determine the
attitudes and perceptions of farmers towards the Chili Proliga technology and the introduced
varieties of chili in Gorontalo, Indonesia. This study was conducted in Bone Bolango Regency,
Gorontalo Province, Indonesia from January to September 2020. The total area of the research
area for chili technology was 0.75 ha. The chili varieties planted were cayenne pepper varieties
Prima Agrihorti, and varieties Dewata, large chili varieties Ciko, Tanjung 2 and Inata Agrihorti
hybrid. The introduction of the technology applied was the PROLIGA (Double Fold Production)
technology package of chilies from the Vegetable Crops Research Institute, IAARD. Farming
financial was analyzed descriptively by calculating revenue, cost, profit and R/C ratio. To find
out farmers^ attitudes towards PROLIGA technology using Fishbein^s Multi-attribute Model
analysis, and farmer perceptions using Perceptual Mapping. The results of this study indicated
that the application of the chili proliga technology package could increased the productivity of
chili peppers at the study site. The results of farm financial analysis showed that chili farming
with PROLIGA technology has an R/C ratio of more than 1 which means it was feasible and
efficient to implement. The attitude of farmers towards chili PROLIGA technology was superior
when compared to the existing technology of farmers. Farmers^ perceptions that chili proliga
technology was superior in the attributes of crop performance, productivity, and farming profits
compared to the existing technology of farmers.

Keywords: technology, PROLIGA, chili, Gorontalo

Topic: Crop Production and Environment

108
 [ABS-148]
The effect of fertilizer and variety on maize production in two tillage systems in North
Sumatera

Setia Sari Br. Girsang (a), Erpina Delina Manurung (a), Dorkas Parhusip (a)

a) Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology North Sumatra

Abstract

Maize is the second crucial food crop commodity that has great potential to develop in North
Sumatra. The objective of the study is to determine maize production is influenced by
fertilization and varieties under three tillage system. The experiment is conducted in Batu
Mamak Village, Karo Regency period March-August 2019. The three factorial experiments are
tillage system (reduced and non-tillage), fertilization (farmers practice, site-specific nutrient
management on maize kit, and soil test kit), and varieties (Bima 2, Bima 20, JH-27, Nasa-29,
NK- 22, P23). Each treatment is replicated four times using a split-plot design with a plot size is
25 m2. The result showed that full tillage using NK-22 and site-specific nutrient management kit
is the highest production of 8 t ha-1 wherein 13.8% higher than farmers^ practice. This is
supported by SPAD, biomass, Ksat, and Bulk Density.

Keywords: Maize yield, variety, fertilization, tillage, Ksat

Topic: Crop Production and Environment

109
 [ABS-149]
Study of ^Turiman Jale 2-7^ system production in acid dry agroecosystem in Lampung
Region

Slameto (a), Meidaliyantisyah (a), Wahyu Wibawa (a)

a) Lampung AIAT

Abstract

Acid dry land is characterized as suboptimal land with low productivity. The ^Turiman Jale 2-7^
corn-soybean intercropping technology innovation has the potential to provide additional yields
on acid dry land. The purpose of this study was to examine the yields of corn and soybeans
grown using the ^Turiman Jale 2-7^ system on acid dry land. The assessment was carried out at
the Tegineneng Experimental Garden, Mandah Village, Natar District, South Lampung Regency,
Lampung Province. Methods with demonstration plots in the field of 0.75 ha, with 2 treatments
using corn and soybean varieties. The research period was January to June 2020. The soybean
varieties planted were Dega, Dena, Detam, Detap, Devon, and local Tanggamus. Corn varieties
planted were Balitbangtan JH-37 and existing hybrid maize (Bisi-18, DK-771, NK-22. P-27).
The corn-soybean intercropping system used a pattern of alternating 2 rows of corn and 7 rows
of soybeans. Corn crop rows used a zigzag cropping pattern. The data observed were
components of plant vegetative and generative growth. Data analysis using factorial analysis of
variance. The results showed the ^Turiman Jale 2-7^ system produced an average corn
productivity of 14,110 kg/ha and an average soybean productivity of 2,370 kg/ha. The ^Turiman
Jale 2-7^ system is able to optimize the productivity of acid dry land which relies on rainwater.
The innovation ^Turiman Jale 2-7^ contributed to increasing the Cropping Index (CI) from CI =
100 to CI = 150-200.

Keywords: intercropping, corn, soybean, dry acid land

Topic: Crop Production and Environment

110
 [ABS-150]
Response of shallots varieties to mulch treatment and the different planting season in the
lowlands

Aidi Noor (a*), Rina Dirgahayu Ningsih (a), Lelya Pramudyani (a), Abdul Sabur (a) and Susi
Lesmayati (a)

a) Assessment Institute of Agricultural Technology (AIAT) in South Kalimantan

Jl. Panglima Batur Barat No. 4 – Banjarbaru

*aidinoor@yahoo.com

Abstract

The low production of shallots due to low productivity caused mainly by the not suitability of
varieties, land and climate for optimal production. This research aims to study the response of
varieties in mulch treatments and different of planting seasons to the productivity of shallots in
the lowlands. The study was conducted in the lowlands, Tapin district, South Kalimantan at the
rainy and dry season 2017. Three shallots varieties of Batu Ijo, Bauji and Bima Brebes were
planted in the 2017 rainy season which were treated with plastic mulch and without mulch. The
three varieties were planted again without mulch treatment in dry season 2017. The results
showed that the average mulch treatment in the rainy season increased the productivity of
shallots (8.02 t/ha) higher than without mulch (6.77 t/ha). In the treatment without mulch, the
yield of Bauji variety (9.12 t/ha) was higher than Batu Ijo (7.10 t/ha) and Bima Brebes (4.08 t/ha)
variety. The average productivity of shallots planted in the dry season was 12.37 t/ha higher than
the rainy season 6.77 t/ha. Bauji variety was more adaptive to be planted in the rainy or dry
season than Batu Ijo and Bima Brebes varieties in the lowlands.

Keywords: Lowlands, mulch, rainy-dry season, shallot

Topic: Crop Production and Environment

111
 [ABS-153]
Growth and productivity of rice by jajar legowo (double row) planting method in
freshwater swampland

Rina D.Ningsih (a), Aidi Noor (a), Agus Hasbianto (a), Nurmili Yuliani (a), and Khairatun
Napisah (a)

a) Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology of South Kalimantan

Abstract

One of the technological innovations to increase rice productivity is the Jajar Legowo (double
row) planting method. The research aimed to examine the rice planting technology jajar legowo,
in two ways: manual and transplanter machine, on freshwater swampland. The research was
conducted on 6 ha in West Martapura, Banjar Regency and involved 6 cooperator farmers. The
superior varieties used were Inpari 30 and Inpari 32. The results showed that the average grain
yield was higher with the transplanter (8.10 t/ha), compared to manual planting (6.90 t/ha). The
yield of grain planted with transplanter + manure increased grain yield by 1.2 t/ha (increased by
17.4%). Treatment by transplanter gave income of IDR 20,401,500.00, and R/C = 2.70 higher
than manual row planting (income IDR 16,959,500, R/C = 2.59). Transplanter also reduce labor
costs for planting (IDR 750,000 per hectare), and reduce planting times.

Keywords: Jajar legowo, rice, freshwater-swampland

Topic: Crop Production and Environment

112
 [ABS-160]
Vegetative phase of pepper plants in combination of compost and biochar with addition of
mycorrhizae

Harsani (a*), Ruslan (a), Iradhatullah Rahim (a), Rasbawati (b)

a) Faculty of Agriculture, Animal Husbandry and Fisheries, Muhammadiyah University of Parepare,

South Sulawesi, Indonesia
b) Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Animal Husbandry and Fisheries,
Muhammadiyah University of Parepare, South Sulawesi, Indonesia

Abstract

Abstract. Plant growth is strongly influenced by the availability of nutrients in the soil. One of
the factors that influence the availability of nutrients in the soil is the availability of soil organic
matter. Soil nutrient content such as C-organic, available nutrients, and the amount of soil
microorganism diversity are indicators of soil fertility. This research was arranged using a
completely randomized design. Data were collected directly in the field and also observations in
the laboratory. The purpose of this study was to determine the response of pepper plant growth to
the vegetative phase with the application of compost-biochar-mycorrhizae. The results of this
study indicate that the best response is shown in the combination application treatment of
compost, biachar with the addition of mycorrhizal fungi.

Keywords: compost, biochar, mycorrhizal, pepper, fertility

Topic: Crop Production and Environment

113
 [ABS-165]
The effect of biochar corn cobs and rice husks on the chemical properties of vertisol from
Kupang Regency of East Nusa Tenggara.

Masria (a), Maria Klara Salli (a), Basri Y. Tang (a), dan Magfira Syarifuddin (a)

a) Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Kupang

Abstract

This research aims to determine the effect of biochar giving corn cobs and rice husks on Vertisol
from Kupang Regency of East Nusa Tenggara. The study used a complete randomized design of
two factors with three replays. The first factor is a type of biochar consisting of biochar corn
cobs and rice husks. The second factor is the biochar dose (% soil weight) consisting of 4 levels
namely: 1.5 %, 3 %, 4.5 % and 6%. Chemical Properties observed in this study include pH, C-
organic, Total Nitrogen, P2O5, K2O, and Soil Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC). The results
showed that the administration of biochar corn cobs at a dose of 3 % gave the best results to C
organic, P205, and CEC, while the highest value of total N and K soil was found in the biochar
treatment of corn cobs at a dose of 6 %.

Keywords: biochar, Corn Cobs, Rice Husks, Chemical Properties, and Vertisol

Topic: Crop Production and Environment

114
 [ABS-169]
Effectivity of pseudomonas fluorescens TBT214 in increasing soybean seed quality in
different seed vigor

La Mudi (a), Muhidin (a), Gusti Ayu Kade Sutariati (a), Tresjia Corina Rakian (a), Sitti Leomo
(a) and Dewi Nurhayati Yusuf (a)

a) Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture Halu Oleo University

Abstract

Abstract. The research aims of the research was to assess the effectiveness of P. fluorescens
TBT214 as biopriming to increase seeds quality. Research conducted in Field Laboratory,
Faculty of Agriculture, Halu Oleo University. Research arranged in randomized block designs.
The first factor is the level of seed vigor consisting of 2 levels: V1= low vigor seeds (60-65%
germination rate), and V2= high vigor seeds (86-100% germination rate). The second factor is
the seed bio-invigoration technique which consists of 6 levels: B0=without seed bio-invigoration
(control), B1=KNO3 1%, B2= KNO3 1% + P. fluorescens TBT214, B3= P. fluorescens
TBT214, B4= P. fluorescens TBT214 + red brick powder, B5= P. fluorescens TBT214 + husk
charcoal powder. (B5). So that obtained 12 treatment combinations. The variables observed in
this study were (1) The total number of pods, (2) The number of filled pods, (3) Weight of 1000
grains (g), and (4) Grain production (ton ha-1). The results showed that biopriming treatment
could improve seed quality, both in seeds with low vigor levels or seeds with high vigor.
Increasing seed quality resulted in the high potential of pod production, the weight of 1000 grain
seed, and yield. It can conclude that the biopriming treatment can improve the quality of seeds,
both seeds with low vigor and seeds with high vigor.

Keywords: Invigoration- Pseudomonas fluorescens TBT214- Soybean- Vigor Seed

Topic: Crop Production and Environment

115
 [ABS-174]
Effect of sugarcane by-product (filter cake) and zeolite application on the growth of
sugarcane nursery plant

Burhanuddin Rasyid (a), Muhammad Jayadi (a), and Nunu Tamrin (a)

a) Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University

Abstract

A problem in sugar factories after processing of sugarcane to produce sugar is the solid waste i.e.
filter cake which can be reduce environmental quality. Utilization of this material combined with
zeolite could be applied as bioremediation for the growth of sugarcane. This study aims is to
determine the effect of filter cake and zeolite on the growth of sugarcane nursery plant. This
study used a randomized block design with 9 treatments. The treatment combination was
repeated 3 times in order to obtain 27 experimental units. The results showed that the addition of
filter cake sugar factory waste at a dose of 7 ton/ha combined with zeolite without heat treatment
of 500 kg/ha significantly increased growth in sugarcane plant height, as well as improved soil
chemical properties in pH, CEC, and K parameters. 3.5 ton/ha combined with zeolite without
heat treatment of 500 kg/ha had a significant effect on the parameters of plant dry weight and
root dry weight, and improved soil chemical properties of C-Organic parameters. Filter cake 3.5
ton/ha combined with heat treatment zeolite 500 kg/ha significantly affected the number of
leaves and stem diameter parameters of sugarcane. Filter cake 7 ton/ha combined with heat
treatment zeolite 500 kg/ha had a significant effect on the available P parameter and total N.
Application of filter cake and zeolite can increase the growth of sugarcane nursery plant.

Keywords: Sugarcane, filter cake, zeolite, cation exchange capacity, bioremediation.

Topic: Crop Production and Environment

116
 [ABS-180]
Potential of supporting agricultural by product as large ruminant feed in Bireun Regency

Yenni Yusriani (a), Yenni Nur Anggraeny (b), Nora Usrina (c), , Yayu Zurriyati (d), Salfina (e),
Eni Siti Rohaeni (f)

a) Aceh Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology

b) Indonesian Beef Cattle Research Station
c) Indonesian Center for Agricultural Technology Assessment and Development
d) Riau Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology
e) Indonesian Agricultural Quarantine Development
f) Riau Island Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to determine the capacity of agricultural crop waste for large
ruminants feed in Bireun District. This research uses primary and secondary data sources. The
observed variables consisted of: beef cattle and buffalo population, production of feed crop
waste, the requirement for digested dry matter (DDM) and the capacity of the DDM from food
crop waste as large ruminant feed. The data is presented descriptively in the form of data
processing results from secondary data with the results of previous studies. The population of
beef cattle in Bireun Regency is 38,151.44 livestock units (LU) and buffalo 1. 552 LU. The
requirement of forage are 45,261.92 tons of DDM per year. DDM production per year from
agricultural crop waste from rice, corn and soybeans is 63,315.28 tons of DDM per year. The
highest production of DDM is derived from rice crop waste amounting to 36,653.68 ton per year,
while DDM originated from corn crop waste 3,637.5 tons per year and soybeans 23,024.1 tons
per year. The potential of forage feed from food crop waste is 54,901.73 tons of DDM per year
and can still be used for 48,159.41 LU. It was concluded that Bireun Regency could increase the
population of ruminant animals by increasing the benefits of forage originating from food crop
waste.

Keywords: forage food, food crop waste, large ruminant

Topic: Crop Production and Environment

117
 [ABS-181]
The distribution and adoption of rice varieties in Lampung Province

DR Mustikawati (a) dan FY Adriyani (a*)

a) The Assessment Institute of Agricultural Technology (AIAT) Lampung, Jl. ZA Pagar Alam No. 1A
Rajabasa, Bandar Lampung, Lampung, Indonesia

*fyadriyani@gmail.com

Abstract

The IAARD has released several new superior varieties (NSV) with the abbreviation Inpari
(Irrigation Rice Inbred), namely Inpari 1 to Inpari 44. The released varieties have diverse
characteristics. Some of Inpari^s varieties have been tested and disseminated to farmers in
Lampung. This paper was to determine the distribution of Inpari varieties in Lampung and the
main problem in NSV adoption. Data was collected through the literature study, secondary data
from related agencies and interview with key person. The data obtained was analyzed
descriptively. The result showed that the distribution of Inpari varieties were still not widely
developed in Lampung Province. The dominant use of Inpari varieties were Inpari 30 variety,
which were 10.04% in 2017 and 6.96% in 2018. While other Inpari varieties were below 1%.
The main problem in NSV adoption is the NSV^s characteristics that suitable with farmers
preference and environment and also the seed availability.

Keywords: Paddy, Preference, Variety.

Topic: Crop Production and Environment

118
 [ABS-184]
Formulation of improvement of farmer cultivation technology package for multiple
production of red chili in Karo District

Sarman Tobing (a), Tumpal Sipahutar (a) , Sortha Simatupang (a)

a) BPTP Balitbangtan Sumatera Utara

Abstract

The latest innovation for stepping up in the productivity of red chilies is called the Double Fold
Production (Proliga).Before this program started totrasfer , it was necessary to know what was
the existing features of the red chili cultivation technology at the study site of the Proliga
program.The purpose of this study was to analyze the existing cultivation technology
performance, productivity, constraint and to analyze red chili farming, and to formulate a
strategy to improve the cultivation technology innovation package .The research was carriesd out
through a structured survey of red chili farmers in Bukit Village, Dolatrayat District, Karo
Regency from August 2017 to February 2018. The results of the study found that during the
productivity of red chili in KaroDistrict for a decade was stagnant, namely 8.28 t / ha.Area per
house-hold 0.06-0.15 ha. The average B / C value = 0.04-0.08. This study concludes that the
main strategy to achieve a jump in productivity (from 8.25 t / ha to &#8805- 16.5 t / ha) through
the application of Proliga technology innovation in KaroDistrict was the use of healthy seeds,
site-specific fertilization and Bemisia border installation since the beginning of planting.

Keywords: Red chili Farming, productivity, formulation, improvement, Karo

Topic: Crop Production and Environment

119
 [ABS-185]
Gilgai microtopography of soil from carbonate rocks

Asmita Ahmad (a), Christianto Lopulisa (a)

a) Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar

Abstract

Gilgai microtopography is a characteristic topography of soils that develop from carbonate rocks
which are influenced by the presence of smectite clay minerals. The process of forming a gilgai
can inhibit the development of plant roots. Soil genesis is an interesting topic to study, especially
concerning how the process of moving clay in forming a microtopography. This study aims to
investigate the process of developing a gilgai as a soil microtopography. The methods used are
survey methods, analysis of soil physical characteristics and soil chemistry, and soil mineral. The
results showed an increase in clayeyness at the top horizon in line with decreasing permeability
on the top horizon and inversely proportional to soil porosity. The cation exchange capacity is
higher at the top horizon, which indicates an increase in clay content. The mineral content of clay
is nontronite as a member of the smectite group. Differences in water content between the top
horizon and sub-horizon as the factor that influenced the microtopography processes.

Keywords: gilgai, permeability, porosity, nontronite

Topic: Crop Production and Environment

120
 [ABS-188]
The calcium application to control yellow latex in mangosteen fruit (Garcinia mangostana)

Silvia Yuniarti (a), Sri Lestari (a), Maureen CH (a), Resmayeti Purba (a)

a) Banten Assessment Instittute for Agricultural Technology

Abstract

The main problem of mangosteen production is the presence of yellow latex in the aril and rind
of the mangosteen fruit. The yellow latex occurs from the ruptured of the yellow latex channel
and contaminates the arils or mangosteen rind. The rupture is thought due to the lack of calcium
in the epithelial cell walls of the yellow latex ducts. The present study aimed to determine the
effect of calcium in reducing the presence of yellow latex in the mangosteen fruit. The study was
conducted in Luhur Jaya Village, Lebak Regency of Banten Province. The study used a
randomized block design, consisting of 6 treatments and 5 replications with treatment
P0=control, P1=dose of calcium/dolomite lime 2 kg/tree, P2=dose of calcium/dolomite lime 3
kg/tree, P3=dose of calcium/dolomite lime 4 kg/tree, P4=dose of calcium/dolomite lime 5
kg/tree, P5=dose of calcium/dolomite lime 6 kg/tree. The calcium was given when the
mangosteen plant started to flower. From the results, all treatments had a significant effect on
reducing yellow latex in the fruit arils, while a dose of 3-6 kg/tree had a significant effect on
reducing yellow latex in the mangosteen rind.

Keywords: calcium, controlling yellow latex, mangosteen

Topic: Crop Production and Environment

121
 [ABS-191]
Calcification of acid soil and the interaction with soil pH and corn productivity

Riri Rizki Chairiyah (a), Khadijah EL Ramija (a), and Siti Fatimah Batubara (a)

a) Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology North Sumatra

Abstract

Calcification is the dominant technology to treat acidic soils which indicated by low soil pH.
Improvement of soil pH can be done by giving dolomite to overcome aluminum toxicity and
releasing phosphate and potassium nutrients to become available for plants. This study aims to
test the effectiveness of dolomite in improving soil pH, corn productivity and optimum dose of
dolomite. Field testing was done in Pasar VI Kwala Mencirim Village, Sei Bingai District,
Langkat Regency, North Sumatra from April to August 2020 using a non-factorial randomized
block design with 7 treatments and 4 replications: Dolomite 0 X (D0) 0 ton ha-1, Dolomite 0.5 X
(D1) 1 ton ha-1, Dolomite 1.0 X (D2) 2 ton ha-1, Dolomite 1.5 X (D3) 3 ton ha-1, Dolomite 2.0
X (D4) 4 ton ha-1, Dolomite 2.5 X (D5) 5 ton ha-1, and Standard Dolomite (DS) 2 ton ha-1.
Dolomite treatment was given one week before planting by sowing evenly on the experimental
plot. The shown that dolomite application to treatments D1, D2, D3 and D4 could increase soil
pH, resulting in higher growth and corn production, compared to D0 and DS. The optimum dose
of dolomite is 2 ton ha-1 on acid soils.

Keywords: acid soil, calcification, corn productivity, soil pH

Topic: Crop Production and Environment

122
 [ABS-192]
Viability and abnormality of spermatozoa sexing albumin gradient with diluents and
antioxidant treatment

Dian Ratnawati (a) and Fredyansyah Firdaus (a)

a) Beef cattle research station

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to measure the viability and abnormality of sexed spermatozoa
from sexing with albumin with the treatment of diluents and antioxidants. The material used in
this study was fresh semen of 5 PO bulls with progressive motility more than 70%. The sexing
methodology used is 5%, 10% and 15% albumin (egg white) gradients. The diluent treatment
used was CEP 2 and andromed with the addition or without the addition of the 1mM antioxidant
(glutation). The sexed semen was made in liquid semen and stored at 3 to 5 derajat C. Sample
preparation was done by making a smear of spermatozoa on glass objects and coloured with
eosin negrosin. Viability and abnormality analysis were performed on days 0 (H0) and 5 (H5).
Viability and abnormality analysis of spermatozoa using SCA v.2.1. Parameters measured
included spermatozoa viability and abnormality. The design of the experiment used a 2 times 2
factorial pattern. Data were analyzed with SPSS 24. Viability of spermatozoa from sexing using
egg white albumin in andromed diluents is better than CEP 2 on storage days 0 to 2.
Abnormalities of spermatozoa of sexing during cold storage were not influenced by diluents
(CEP 2 and andromed) or the use of glutathione. Viability of spermatozoa during cold storage
more than 80% and abnormalities of spermatozoa less than 20% indicate the quality of liquid
semen results from sexing is still good.

Keywords: viability, abnormality, sexing, albumin

Topic: Crop Production and Environment

123
 [ABS-199]
Scenarios of sago plants of each clump based on the crop water requirements in three
stages of growth in dry land

Yumna (a), Sugeng Prijono (b), Zaenal Kusuma (b), Soemarno (b)

a) Faculty of Forestry, Andi Djemma University, Palopo, Indonesia.

b) Faculty of Agriculture, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia.

Abstract

The ideal number of sago plant in each clump can be determined if the crop water requirements
of sago palm is known. The research uses the plant water needs variable in three stages of growth
and the availability of land water. The plot of sago plant using various compositions of age,
namely the initial-stage (one year), middle-stage (four years), and end-stage (eight years).
Measurement in the initial stage uses the water balance principle (Lysimeter drainage).
Measurement in the middle and end stages uses the circular-plot method. Measurement of water
availability is carried out using Thornthwite-Mather, and potential evapotranspiration is
determined using Cropwat 8.0 application. The results show there are eight scenarios (two
scenarios in the initial-stages, three scenarios in the middle-stages, and three scenarios in the
end-stage). Based on the results of the scenarios, the number of plants in a clump for rain-fed
drylands is the number of plants, namely the initial stage contains two seedlings for the
maximum number (scenario 2IS), the middle stage contains one sapling added by two seedlings
(scenario 1MS 2IS), and the end-stage contains one mature plant (end-stage), one sapling
(middle-stage), and two seedlings (initial-stage) (scenario1ES 1MS 2IS).

Keywords: Evapotranspiration, Metroxylon sp., precipitation, productivity, Water balance

Topic: Crop Production and Environment

124
 [ABS-204]
Improvement of suboptimal soil productivity to growth and production of peanut (Arachis
hypogea)

L M Rachman (a*), F Hazra (a), D P T Baskoro (a), R Riskawati (b), S K Putri (b)

a) Department of Soil Science and Land Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Bogor,
16680, Indonesia
b) Postgraduate of Soil Science, Department of Soil Science and Land Resources, Faculty of Agriculture,
IPB University, Bogor, 16680, Indonesia

*latiefra@apps.ipb.ac.id

Abstract

Suboptimal land area in Indonesia is increasing along with inadequate land management,
including in agricultural centres. Improvement soil management in accordance with the
cultivated commodity and the soil conditions is urgently required. Suboptimal soil in the research
location at Cikeusal District, Serang Regency, Banten Province is characterized by acidic soil
reactions, very low organic matter and low N, P, and Ca, Mg, K bases. Increased productivity is
carried out through various levels of lime and organic matter along with basic fertilizers (urea,
compound fertilizer N-P-K and dolomite). Overall, there were nine treatments, namely, 1) P1
(Petroganic level 1, lime level 1, basic fertilizer)- 2) P2 (Petroganik level 1, lime level 2, basic
fertilizer)- 3) P3 (Petroganik level 2, lime level 1, basic fertilizer)- 4) P4 (Petroganik level 2,
lime level 2, basic fertilizer), 5) P5 (lime level 1, basic fertilizer)- 6) P 6 (lime level 2, basic
fertilizer)- 7) P7 (basic fertilizer)- P8 (urea and N-P-K fertilizers)- and 9) P9 (control, without
basic fertilizers, lime and petroganik). P4 treatment resulted in the best growth and production of
peanuts. The combination of the largest petroganic and lime levels to acid and very low organic
matter soil provided the highest productivity increased.

Keywords: Liming and fertilizer- Organic fertilizer- Peanut production- Soil management- Soil
productivity

Topic: Crop Production and Environment

125
 [ABS-205]
Soil management development of suboptimal soil to improve the growth and production of
potato (Solanum tuberosum)

L M Rachman (a*), F Hazra (a), D P T Baskoro (a), R Riskawati (b), S K Putri (b)

a) Department of Soil Science and Land Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Bogor,
16680, Indonesia
b) Postgraduate of Soil Science, Department of Soil Science and Land Resources, Faculty of Agriculture,
IPB University, Bogor, 16680, Indonesia

*latiefra@apps.ipb.ac.id

Abstract

Increasing potato productivity on suboptimal land is needed since potato is widely consumed by
people in various food types. Research was conducted at the BB Biogen Segunung, Pacet
District, Cianjur Regency, West Java Province that is characterized by soil with acidic reactions,
medium organic matter content and low total organic-N and exchangeable-Mg, very high
available-P, high exchangeable-Ca and K. Increased productivity is designed through providing
various levels of lime, Biobos, and manure fertilizer along with basic fertilizers (ZA, SP 36, and
KCl). Overall, there were ten treatments, namely, 1) P1 (lime level1, manure fertilizer level1,
basic fertilizer)- 2) P2 (lime level1, Biobos level1, basic fertilizer)- 3) P3 (lime level2, manure
fertilizer level1, basic fertilizer)- 4) P4 (lime level2, Biobos level1, basic fertilizer), 5) P5 (lime
level1, manure fertilizer level2, basic fertilizer)- 6) P 6 (lime level 1, Biobos level2, basic
fertilizer)- 7) P7 (lime level2, manure fertilizer level2, basic fertilizer)- P8 (lime level2, Biobos
level2, basic fertilizers)- and 9) P9 (basic fertilizers), 10) P10 (control, without lime, Biobos,
manure fertilizer and organic fertilizer). P5 treatment resulted in the best growth and production
of potato. The combination of the largest manure fertilizers and low level lime provided the
highest productivity increased.

Keywords: Liming and fertilization- Manure fertilizer- Potato production- Soil management-
Soil productivity

Topic: Crop Production and Environment

126
 [ABS-206]
Improvement of chemical properties of nickel mine soil and growth of mucuna sp. with
additions biochar empty sign of palm oil and CaCO3

Kadar Wahid (a), Rismaneswati (a) and Muh Jayadi (a)

a) Department of Soil Science, Agrotechnology Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin

University, Makassar, Indonesia

Abstract

Laterite nickel is a metal mineral resulting from the chemical weathering process of ultramafic
rock which results in the enrichment of elements Ni, Fe, Mn, and Co. Utilization of nickel can be
done using an open mining system. The problems that arise in minig are the mixing of the soil
layers, the soil solum becomes shallow, the dredging process makes the soil unstable, the soil
texture and structure becomes poor, mixing and compaction with heavy equipment. Re-
management of post-mining land in its recovery requires a long process and renewable
innovation. One of them is by utilizing empty sign of palm oil (TKKS) to become biochar and
Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3). Biochar is a porous wood charcoal substance, which called
charcoal. Biochar is proven to be effective in increasing soil fertility because biochar is able to
hold air, reduce soil acidity, and maintain carbon-nitrogen balance in the soil. To increase the
effectiveness of using biochar, the addition of Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3) is carried out to
increase the elements of Ca, Mg and also to make the availability of P and Mo, reducing Fe, Mn
and Al poisoning. This reserach aims to determine the effect of oil palm empty sign (TKKS) and
calcium carbonate (CaCO3) biochar on the chemical properties of nickel mining after-mining.
The method used in this research was a randomized block design with 2 factor factorial (F2F).
The first factor consists of the Biochar Factor as B with Levels of B1 = 2.5, B2 = 5, and B3 =
7.5% of soil weight. The second factor consists of calcite as K with a level of K1 = 1.5, K2 = 3,
K3 = 4.5 tons / ha. The results of this research showed that the addition of biochar and calcium
carbonate (CaCO3) had a very significant effect on plant height, number of leaves, plant growth
and dry weight.

Keywords: Nickel, mining, biochar, CaCO3

Topic: Crop Production and Environment

127
 [ABS-207]
Optimizing yields of salak sari intan fruit in Bintan by fruit thinning

Annisa Dhienar Alifia (a*), Melli Fitriani (a), Karlina Syahruddin (b), Faisal Kurnia Harahap (a),
Sugeng Widodo (a)

a) Riau Islands Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology

Jl Sungai Jang No. 38, Tanjungpinang 29124, Indonesia
b) Indonesian Cereals Research Institute, Maros, South Sulawesi

*nisadhien@gmail.com

Abstract

Salak sari intan is a new superior variety of salak fruit (Salacca zalacca) with sweet taste, thick
fruit flesh, no astringent taste, and a fragrant smell. This new superior variety is currently
cultivated around Bintan Regency, Riau Islands Province. Specific cultivation technology for
this kind of salak fruit needs to be continuously developed to increase the quality and quantity of
yield. This study aims to determine the best fruit thinning treatment to increase salak fruit^s
weight. The study was conducted at Toapaya Asri Village, Toapaya District, Bintan Regency
from January 2020 until April 2020. The research used split plot design with salak sari intan
variety as main plot (295 variety and 541 variety) and fruit thinning as sub plot (A = fruit thinned
into 10 fruit/bunch and B = fruit thinned into 15 fruit/bunch). Each treatment was repeated four
times. The result showed that thinning salak fruit into 15 fruit/bunch is the best treatment to get
maximum fruit weight on salak sari intan 295 variety and 541 variety.

Keywords: salak sari intan- fruit thinning- production

Topic: Crop Production and Environment

128
 [ABS-215]
Organic pak choi production in aquaponics system

Ratih (a), Dea Ekaputri Andraini (a)

a) Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Makassar Islamic University, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan KM 9

No 29, Tamalanrea Indah, Makassar, South Sulawesi, 90245 Indonesia

Abstract

Population growth in urban areas increases in line with the concentration of economic activity in
cities. In order to create food security in an effort to fulfill food availability, one of the urban
farming technologies that can be developed is aquaponics. Aquaponics is a combination of
aquaculture cultivation systems (fish cultivation) and hydroponics (plant cultivation without soil
media), where there is a mutualism symbiotic relationship between fish and plants as in a natural
ecological system. Later it will produce two organic products, namely plants and fish. This study
aims to determine the quality and nutrient status of fish waste in supporting the growth and
productivity of pak choi plants. The research methodology made two installations of the DFT
model, each connected to a tilapia fish pond and a goldfish pond. The filtered water is collected
and flowed to the installation for plant use and then returns to the fish pond. Plant heights and
number of leaves were measured every week and weight of stover at six weeks of age.
Measurement of water quality and nutrient status with four samples every ten days, analyzed in
the laboratory. Statistical analysis with paired T test. The results obtained were the highest
weight of pak choi plants using tilapia waste, namely 131 grams per plant, organic C value 1.12
mg / l, PO3 2.90 ml / l, K 0.24 mg / l, nitrate 0.15 ppm , ammonia 0.06 ppm, DO 4.64 ppm, TDS
155 ppm, pH 7.3, while using heavy goldfish waste, weighed 107 grams per plant, organic C
value 1.08 mg / l, PO3 2.98 ml / l, K 0.23 mg / l, nitrate 0.22 ppm, ammonia 0.04 ppm, DO 6.96
ppm, TDS 126 ppm, pH 7.4.

Keywords: aquaponics, pak choi production, urban farming, organic vegetables

Topic: Crop Production and Environment

129
 [ABS-220]
Efficiency of nitrogen and seed use by giving urea fertilizer and different amounts of seeds
in rice growth (Oryza sativa L.) ponelo varieties

M Darmawan (a*) , R Sjahril (b), M Riadi(c), Erse D. Pertiwi (d), and A Khairun M (e)

a)Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ichsan Gorontalo University

b)Laboratory of Plant Bioscience and Reproduction Biotechnology, Universitas Hasanuddin, Jl. Perintis
Kemerdekaan km. 10, Makassar, 90245, Indonesia
c)Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Seed Sciences, Universitas Hasanuddin, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan
km.10, Makassar, 90245, Indonesia
d)Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Pohuwato Gorontalo University
e)Department of Agricultural Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Gorontalo University

*darmawanmuhammad95@gmail.com

Abstract

This research aims to find out the production of ponelo variety rice crops at various doses of
nitrogen fertilizer and the amount of seeds needed to be planted on local superior ponelo rice
cultivation Gorontalo. This research was for 4 months starting from December 2019 to April
2020 located in Iloheluma Village Tilongkabila District Bonebolango Gorontalo Province. This
study used randomized group design (RAK) factorial first factor with the application of nitrogen
fertilizer consisting of 3 levels namely N0=control (without fertilization), N1=75 kg/ha and
N2=150 kg/ha. The second factor with the treatment of the number of seeds needs to be planted
consisting of 2 treatments namely ( A1) 2 seeds need planting and (J2) 3 seeds need to be
planted, each treatment is re-treated 3 times so that in obtaining 18 units of experimental plot, by
observing 15 sample plants in each plot, so that there are 270 sample plants in total. The area of
the experiment plot is 2m x 3m. the variables observed are the number of productive puppies, the
length of malai, the weight of 1000 grains, and the production of grain Results show that the
intercation of treatment 150 kg / ha and 3 seeds of planting need to limit the number of
productive feeders, the longest malai length is found in the treatment of 150 kg / ha, the
treatment of 75 kg / ha with the number of seeds 3 planting needs shows the average weight of
grain 1000 best grains, and the highest production is found in the treatment of 75 kg / ha with the
number of seeds 2 needbang planting

Keywords: Ponelo, Nitrogen, Gorontalo, Urea, Production

Topic: Crop Production and Environment

130
 [ABS-221]
Application of irrigation and mulch on growth and productivity of satoimo taro plants
(Colocasia esculanta L.schott var.Antiquorum)

D Wulandari F (a), M Syafiuddin (a), M Jayadi (a)

a) Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin Univesity, Makassar, Indonesia

Abstract

Japanese taro is one type of taro that has started to be developed by farmers in Indonesia,
because of its higher economic value, Japanese taro has advantages compared to other taro,
namely high nutritional content with a lower carbohydrate content compared to other food
commodities, so it is very suitable for diabetics. The research objective was to determine the
effect of irrigation and mulch applications on the growth and production of satoimo taro. This
study used a separate plot design with the main plots being drip and sprinkler irrigation, the
subplots were plastic mulch and without mulch, with 4 repetitions. The results showed that the
taro plants treated with drip irrigation using mulch yielded more clump weight than the other
treatments, and for the lowest clump weight yield, sprinkel irrigation was treated without using
mulch.

Keywords: Japanese taro, irrigation, plastic mulch

Topic: Crop Production and Environment

131
 [ABS-222]
Effect of mulch use and watering frequency on growth and production of chili (Capsicum
annuun L)

Idaryani Dj (a), Warda (a), Suriany (a), and W. Halil (a)

a) Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology of South Sulawesi

Abstract

Abstract. Red chili is one type of vegetable that has a high economic value. One of the factors
that influence the growth of chili is the availability of water which is a limiting factor for chili
plants. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of mulch use and frequency of
watering on the growth and yield of chili plants. The research was conducted in Lampoko
Village, Barebbo District, Bone Regency, in Mei-July 2017, used factorial randomized block
design with two factors. The first factor was the use mulch (without mulch, organic mulch, and
plastic mulch) and the second factor was the frequency of watering (1 time a day, 2 times a day,
and 1 time 2 days). The data obtained were then analyzed for variance and continued with
Duncan^s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The results showed that the treatment of mulch use
significantly affected plant height and plant fresh weight. The treatment the frequency of
watering significant effect on the weight of the fruit and the number of fruits per plant. In
general, the best growth and production of chili were obtained in the treatment of the use of
straw mulch with a frequency of watering once a day.

Keywords: mulch, watering, chili, Barebbo, South Sulawesi

Topic: Crop Production and Environment

132
 [ABS-224]
Adaptation of new superior varieties of rice to seawater intruded land in Mootilango
Village, Duhiadaa District, Pohuwato Regency, Gorontalo Province

Muhammad Fitrah Irawan Hannan (a), Nanang Buri (a), Teddy Wahyana Saleh (a)

a) Gorontalo Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology

Abstract

Seawater intrusion of rice fields is one of the limiting factors in increasing the productivity of
rice fields in Duhiadaa District. This study aims to see the adaptability of several new superior
varieties of rice in seawater intrusion rice fields in Mootilango village, Duhiadaa district. The
method used in this study was randomized group design with several treatments, namely V1 =
Banyuasin variety, V2 = Inpari 34, V3 = Mekonga, V4 = Inpari 30 which was repeated three
times and analyzed using the SAS program (one way ANOVA), if showed significantly different
results then continued with Duncan^s continued test at the 5% real level. The data show that the
treatment of Banyuasin and Inpari 30 varieties is able to adapt well to seawater intrusive land.
This was indicated by the higher number of productive tillers and the number of filled grains, as
well as the high weight of a thousand grains compared to the treatment of inpari 34 and Mekonga
varieties.

Keywords: Seawater intrusion- Banyuasin rice- Inpari 30- Mootilango

Topic: Crop Production and Environment

133
 [ABS-233]
A harvesting efficiency of community teak forest

A. Mujetahid (a*), Nurdin Dalya (a)

a) Faculty of Forestry, Hasanuddin University, Indonesia

Abstract

This research aims to analyze the efficiency of forest harvesting by calculating the technical
efficiency and economic efficiency on forest harvesting in Bone Regency. The data required in
this study were collected using observation and interview methods which then analyzed using
qualitative descriptive analysis. The results of this study indicate that the average technical
efficiency of harvesting activities ranges from 75,56% to 96,98% with an overall average of
82,89%. The amount of actual average volume per tree is between 0,235 to 0,527 m3 with an
overall average of 0,355 m3. The highest efficiency value was in the Lilina Ajangale location
(96.98%) and the lowest was in the Bila 1 location (75.56%). Furthermore, the economic
efficiency value (Efe) of the average harvesting activity ranged from 64,63% to 87,02% with an
average of 81,41%. This value means that the lower the harvesting cost, the more efficient it is
economically, and vice versa. The lowest Efe value was found in Seberang Village that 64,63%
and the highest was in Bila 1 Village with a value of 87,02%.

Keywords: Efficiency- Forest harvesting- Teak forest

Topic: Crop Production and Environment

134
 [ABS-236]
The potential for increasing the productivity of local rice genetic resources in various
agroecosystems: a review

Yustisia (a*), R. Bambang Heryanto (b), Suparwoto (a), Atekan (a)

a) South Sumatra Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology

Jl. Kol. H. Burlian Km.6 No. 83 Palembang-South Sumatra
b) Indonesian Center for Agricultural Land Resources Research and Development
Jl. Ir. H. Juanda No. 98 Bogor 16123-West Java

*yustisiasumsel1111@gmail.com

Abstract

The increase in the potential of local rice genetic resources is very promising in responding to the
challenge of increasing public awareness of functional food. The productivity of local rice
genetic resources is still low, among others due to limited information and implementation of
specific agro-ecosystem cultivation technology, and low utilization as genetic material in plant
breeding programs. The review aims to explore the potential, problems, and efforts to increase
the productivity of local rice genetic resources in the three main agroecosystems in Indonesia
(dry land, swampland, and non-swamp wetland). The review method uses reference studies of
various research results, especially those related to the variety of local rice varieties, existing
technology, research technology, and utilization in breeding programs. The results of reviews
from various references show that local rice varieties in the three agro-ecosystems are very
diverse, especially in terms of several specific advantages, including sub-optimal environmental
adaptability and high rice micro-nutrient uptake. Local rice productivity based on the
implementation of existing technology is largely determined by genetic, environmental, and
management factors. Support in the initiation of short-term research programs and long-term
programs is needed to increase the productivity of local rice in the three agroecosystems. The
expected outputs from implementing short-term programs and long-term programs in each
agroecosystem are recommendations for local rice cultivation technology packages and new high
yielding varieties.

Keywords: local rice varieties, specific agro-ecosystem, cultivation technology

Topic: Crop Production and Environment

135
 [ABS-244]
Adaptation test for shallot varieties in Kutai Kartanegara Regency, East Kalimantan
Province

Yossita Fiana (a*) and Muhamad Hidayanto (a)

a) Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology of East Kalimantan

Abstract

Shallots can grow optimally in locations that are in accordance with growing conditions. Until
now, East Kalimantan province still lacks around 7,000 tons of shallots every year, even though
the potential land resources in this province are suitable for the development of shallots.
Therefore, in order to support agricultural development, especially shallots in Kutai Kartanegara
Regency, East Kalimantan Province, an adaptation test of several superior varieties was carried
out in Liang Ilir Village, Kota Bangun District, Kutai Kartanegara Regency from August to
October 2017. The research objective was to determine the adaptation of four superior varieties
of shallots in specific location conditions in Kutai Kartanegara Regency. The research design
was a randomized block design (RBD) with four shallot varieties, namely Pikatan, Katumi,
Bima-Brebes and Local, which was carried out on four implementing farmers as replications.
The adaptation of Shallots using tubers, spacing 20 x 15 cm2- dolomite lime 1.5 t ha-1- manure
15 t ha-1- Urea 150 kg ha-1- SP-36 200 kg ha-1- NPK 250 kg ha-1 and pest control. The results
showed that the productivity of shallots from four varieties ranged from 12-14 t ha-1.

Keywords: Adaptation- Shallot- Varieties- Kutai Kartanegara

Topic: Crop Production and Environment

136
 [ABS-245]
Ccarbohydrates partitioning and light use efficiency of sweet sorghum

Herniwati (a,b), Eko Widaryanto (a), Budi Waluyo (a), Karuniawan Puji Wicaksono (a) and
Marcia Pabendon (c)

a) Departement of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Brawijaya University, Malang, East Java,

Indonesia
b) South Sulawesi Assessment Institute for Agriculture Technology, Indonesian Agency for Agricultural
Research and Development, Makassar, Indonesia
c) Indonesian Cereal Crop Research Institute, Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and
Development, Maros, Indonesia

Abstract

The carbohydrates partitioning was developed based on plant growth stage. The determining
factor for biomass production based on energy interception in the photosynthesis process is light
use efficiency (LUE). The resulting mass flow of photosynthetic energy is allocated to plant
organs. The research was conducted at Agro Science Park,Indonesia Cereal Research Institute,
Maros from August to Desember 2019. The experiment was designed according to a
randomizeblock design with tree replications. There were 10 accessions of sweet sorghum and 2
varieties as control. The value of light use efficiency is 1.39- 1,41 g MJ-1. The partition from the
planting to the emergence stage (0 &#8804- s &#8804- 0.25) was 0.19 x s/0.25 root, 0 stem, 0.19
xs/0.25 leaves, and 0 panicle. The partition from the emergence to the maximum vegetative stage
(0.25 < s &#8804- 0.5) was 0.79-(0.62x s/0.5) root, 0.14 x s/0.5 stem, 0.19 + (0.45 x s/0.5)
leaves, and 0 panicle. The partition from the maximum vegetative stage to the flowering stage
(0.5 < s &#8804- 0.75) was 0.24 - (0.09 x s/0.75) root, 0.12+ (0.39 x s/0.75) stem, 0.64 - (0.46 x
s/0.75)leaves, and 0.16 x s/0.75 panicle. The partition from flowering to the harvest stage (0.75 <
s &#8804- 1) was 0.11 - (0.15 x s) root,0.55 - (0.53x s) stem, 0.16-(0.19 x s) leaves, and 0.18 +
(0.82 x s) panicle.

Keywords: carbohydrates partitioning,light use efficiency, sweet sorgum

Topic: Crop Production and Environment

137
 [ABS-254]
Urea effectivity as herbicide adjuvant to control weed in minimum tillage system

Suarna Samai (a), Muhidin (a)

a) Department of Biological Education, Faculty of Education, Halu Oleo University

Abstract

Efforts to reduce weed control costs, especially in minimum tillage land, can be done by
reducing the dose of herbicide per hectare, and the addition of urea fertilizer replaces this
reduction. The research was designed using a randomized block design with three replications.
The treatments were application of glyphosate 1.44 kg ha-1, 1.80 kg ha-1, and 2.16 kg ha-1 in
combination with without urea- urea 5 kg ha-1, 10 kg ha-1 and 15 kg ha-1, and application on
minimum tillage, full tillage and control. The results showed that the addition of adjuvants from
urea and glyphosate could control weeds, especially in reed weeds in the mixing of herbicide
glyphosate 1.44 kg ha-1 + urea 10 kg ha-1, while herbicides 1.44 kg ha-1 + Urea 5 kg ha-1 and
glyphosate 1.80 kg ha-1 + Urea 5 kg ha-1 have the same control power effectiveness as
glyphosate dose of 2.16 kg-1, urea dose of 5 kg ha-1 the effectiveness is equal to 1.80 kg ha-1 +
Urea 15 kg ha-1. The herbicide glyphosate disrupts metabolism in plants, causing abnormal
growth or even killing weeds. Mixing does not cause poisoning of the corn crop. The use of
herbicide glyphosate 1.44 kg ha-1 + Urea 10 kg ha-1 is better based on plant poisoning and corn
production. The optimum dose that can minimize the weed population is 8.650 grams, and the
combination of herbicide Glyphosate and Urea is effective in controlling weeds with minimum
conditions at 1.158 grams of glyphosate and 1.146 grams of Urea.

Keywords: Adjuvant, Urea, Herbicides, Weed Control, Minimum Tillage

Topic: Crop Production and Environment

138
 [ABS-305]
Soil quality significance of goat pens positioned on the hilltop of sloped cocoa farms in
Polman-Sulawesi

S. Gusli (a,b*), H. Annisaprakasa (a), R. Riskawati (a), S. Sumeni (a), R. Neswati (a), D. Useng
(b), H. Ali (b), S. Hamid (b) and S Samsuar (b)

a) Department of Soil Science, Hasanuddin University

b) Natural Resource Research and Development Center, Hasanuddin University
*
sikstusgusli@gmail.com; sikstusgusli@unhas.ac.id

Abstract

Many smallholder cocoa farmers in Polman, West Sulawesi-Indonesia breed goats traditionally
on hilltop of the sloped cocoa farms. The goat’s manure is deposited under the pens, not
distributed on the farm. We investigated the significance of this traditional goat breeding on the
hilltop of sloping cocoa farms on soil quality based on the distance from the pens along the slope
direction. We selected three sloped-cocoa farms where this traditional model had been practiced
for years. The farms studied had 30 to 70% slopes, clay loam to clay soil textures. Along a
transect lane, 0-5, 5-10, and 10-15 meters from the pen on each farm, we measured soil bulk
density, hydraulic conductivity (HC), soil organic carbon (SOC), pH, soil nitrogen, phosphorus,
potassium, cation exchangeable capacity (CEC) and earthworm population. This traditional
practice improved soil quality compared to the adjacent farms which were not affected by the
practice (control). Soil HC, SOC, N, P, K and CEC, and earthworm population were markedly
higher under this system compared to the control, especially at 0 to 5 m distance from the
manure deposit. The beneficial effects of this system were limited only within 10 m from the
pens, beyond which soil quality was practically similar to the control site. This traditional system
may be considered as an appropriate practice for soil quality maintenance in sloping cocoa farm,
but an improvement is needed for greater benefits and reduced risks through terrace construction
and manure deposition every 5-10 m range along the slope.

Keywords:

Topic: Crop Production and Environment

139
 [ABS-307]
Effect of Ashing temperature on potassium nutrient content of various organic matter

Andi Rahayu Anwar (a*), Ambo Ala (b), Tutik Kuswinanti (c), Elkawakib Syam’un (b)

a) Doctoral Program in Agricultural Science,Graduate School of UniversityHasanuddin, Jl.Perintis

Kemerdekaan KM 10 Tamalanrea Makassar, South of Sulawesi , Indonesia
b) Department of Agronomy,Faculty of agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Jl.Perintis Kemerdekaan KM
10 Tamalanrea Makassar, South of Sulawesi , Indonesia.
c) Department Plant Pest and Desease, Faculty of agriculture,Hasanuddin University, Jl.Perintis
Kemerdekaan KM 10 Tamalarea Makassar, South of Sulawesi , Indonesia.
*
rahayuanwar7@gmail.com

Abstract

Mineral ash fertilizer resulting from burning process of plant wastes has the potential to replace
or reduce the use of inorganic potassium fertilizers, hence it can increase the availability of
potassium for plants. This study aims to determine the effect of temperature on potassium
nutrient content from kapok peels ash, banana stems ash and coconut husks ash. The combustion
temperature treatments were 3000 C and 6000C for 3 hours into the muffle furnace and without
ashing. Analysis of Potassium content was conducted using the Atomic Absorption
Spectrophotometer (AAS) method. The results showed that the temperature of 600 0C gave a
highest content of potassium from kapok peel ash (9.59%), the temperature of 3000C for
banana stem ash (9.82%), while without ashing, the highest content of potassium was from
banana stem (8.20%). The organic matter that produces highest Kalium content was banana stem
at ashing temperature of 3000C and the lowest was coconut husk at ashing temperature of
6000C.

Keywords: Organic matter, Potassium nutrient, Ashing temperature.

Topic: Crop Production and Environment

140
 [ABS-309]
Flow cytometry analysis on colchicine induced polyploid of Katokkon peppers (Capsicum
chinense Jacq.)

Rinaldi Sjahril (a*), Muh. Riadi (b), Ifayanti Ridwan (c), Kasmiati (d), Irma Jamaluddin (a),
Nurhaya J. Panga (e)

a) Laboratory of Plant Bio-science and Reproduction Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas

Hasanuddin, Makassar 90245, Indonesia.
b) Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Seed Science Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Hasanuddin,
Makassar 90245, Indonesia.
c) Study Program of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Hasanuddin.
d) Master Student, Agrotechnology, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, 90245, Indonesia.
e) Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Musamus, Merauke 99611,
Indonesia.

*rinaldi.sjahril@gmail.com

Abstract

A preliminary study was conducted to determine the ploidy level of Katokkon pepper after
colchicine induction using flow cytometry analysis. Compared to squash method, flow cytometry
analysis can provide effectively faster results of the ploidy levels of the cells. The research was
conducted at the Laboratory of Plant Bioscience and Reproduction Biotechnology, Department
of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University Makassar. Polyploidy of the
Katokkon pepper (Capsicum chinense Jacq.) were induced by immersing the seeds in colchicine
solution at concentrations of 0.00%, 0.0125%, 0.025%, 0.050% (w/v). For each concentration, an
immersion time of 1.5, 3.0 and 4.5 hours were employed, respectively. Ploidy level was analyzed
using the flow cytometer machine (Partec® Cy-Flow Space). The resulting histogram of the
analysis shows differences between control (0.00%) and the rest of Colchicine treatment. Based
on the peak position on the histogram, the colchicine concentration and their various immersion
time given did not produce tetraploid (4n) plants. Nevertheless, at 0.10% colchicine
concentration with all immersion times, it was obtained mixoploid plants with 2n and 4n pairs of
chromosomes..

Keywords:

Topic: Crop Production and Environment

141
 [ABS-310]
Cluster heatmap for screening the drought tolerant rice through hydroponic culture

Andi Isti Sakinah (a), Yunus Musa (b*), Muh Farid (b), Muhammad Fuad Anshori (b)

a) Agriculture System Graduate Scholar, Graduate School, Hasanuddin University

b) Agronomy Department, Agriculture Faculty, Hasanuddin University

*yunusmusa@yahoo.com

Abstract

Development of drought rice screening is one of the keys to increase selection effectiveness.
This development can be done with developing of the analytical method. In general,
identification of tolerant rice can be conducted with the cluster analysis. However, the common
of cluster analysis just was focused on genotype cluster so that the reason for the clustering does
not can explain. Therefore, the other analysis approach needs to be done, such as cluster heatmap
analysis. The objective of this study is to identify the effectiveness of cluster heatmap used in
rice tolerance screening under drought stress. This study was designed with a nested randomized
complete group design, where replications were nested in PEG 6000 concentration as screening
environment. The concentration of PEG used in this study was 0% PEG and 20% PEG. The
genotype used consisted of 8 genotypes repeated three times. Hydroponic culture used ABmix in
culture solution. As for, the number of characters observed was seven morphology characters
and three physiological characters. The results of this study showed that cluster heatmap analysis
could distinguish between the rice tolerant group (Salumpikit ( drought-tolerant variety control),
Pokkali, and Inpari 29) and sensitive variety control (IR 20). Besides that, the good selection
characters in hydroponic drought screening were shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight, and total
biomass fresh weight. Based on this study, the cluster heatmap can be recommended as one of
the analytical methods in hydroponic drought screening.

Keywords: Cluster Heatmap, Drought stress, Hydroponic screening, Relative decrease, Rice

Topic: Crop Production and Environment

142
 [ABS-311]
Radiosensitivity of post-gamma irradiated indigofera zollingeriana

P I Khaerani (a), Y Musa (b*), R Sjahril (b) and M Nadir (c)

a) Postgraduate Program, Agriculture Science, Universitas Hasanuddin

b) Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Hasanuddin
c) Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Hasanuddin

*yunusmusa@yahoo.com

Abstract

Gamma Irradiation by employing gamma-ray enables genetic transformation to produce the

target gene activation functioning as a productivity determinant. A number of studies had found
that the employment of gamma-ray is capable of improving the plant's tolerance against drought
treatment of Irradiation dosage consisted of 0Gy (control, 50 Gy, 100 Gy, 150 Gy, and 200 Gy.
The purpose of this study was to determine the Lethal Dose 50 (LD50) and Reduction Dose 50
(RD50) of Indigofera zollingeriana post gamma irradiated. Each dose consisted of 250 seeds
were in the tray for 2 MST to determine the values of LD50 and RD50. Each LD50 and RD50
value of the Indigofera seeds was determined by processing the data on the survival rate of the
radiation dose treatment survival rate using the Curve Expert 1.3 program. The observed
parameter encompassed the germination percentage, seedling length, and seedling vigor index.
This research shows the percentage of germination showed a value of 45,125 + 0.11 X -0.0006
x2 with LD 50 = 320. 282 Gy; seedling length = 4.156 - 0.00472 X, with RD50= 406,356 Gy;
and Seedling vigor index = 153,916 - 0.31244 X with RD 50 = 246 .435 Gy.

Keyword: Forage, gamma irradiation, radiosensitivity, seedling.

Topic: Crop Production and Environment

143
 [ABS-312]
Response of melon (Cucumis melo L.) to the application of bio-slurry fertilizer and
trichoderma harzianum

Fachirah Ulfa (a*), Kahar Mustari (a), Sitti Nur Asyifah Rifai (a)

a) Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan

KM 10 Makassar 90245, Indonesia

*fachirah.ulfa@yahoo.com

Abstract

This study aims to determine the effect of the best combination of bio-slurry and Trichoderma
harzianum on melon production. This research was conducted in Bontonompo Hamlet, Lassang
Village, North Polombangkeng District, Takalar Regency, South Sulawesi and lasted from June
to August 2020, which was compiled using a 2-factor factorial design in a randomized block
design (RAK) as the environmental design. The first factor is the provision of bio-slurry fertilizer
which consists of five levels, namely without bio-slurry 0 mL / L, bio-slurry 25 mL / L, bio-
slurry 50 mL / L, bio-slurry 75 mL / L and bio-slurry. 100 mL / L. The second factor is the
provision of Trichoderma harzianum which consists of four levels, namely without Trichoderma
harzianum 0 g / L, Trichoderma harzianum 100 g / L, Trichoderma harzianum 200 g / L, and
Trichoderma harzianum 300 g / L. The results showed that the 75 mL / L bio-slurry and 200 g /
L Trichoderma harzianum resulted in the thickness of the meat (26.47 mm). Bio-slurry treatment
of 100 mL / L and Trichoderma harzianum 200 g / L produced the highest number of seeds
(285.2 seeds). Bio-slurry treatment of 100 mL / L and Trichoderma harzianum 300 g / L resulted
in the highest Brix content (6.0% Brix) and the highest organoleptic test (2.90). The 100 mL / L
bio-slurry treatment produced the fastest flower age (14.40 days), the highest number of fruits
(4.10 pieces), the heaviest fruit weight (205.20 g) and the highest average fruit circumference
(24.22 mm). Trichoderma harzianum 300 g / L treatment produced the fastest flower age, namely
(15.14 days), the highest number of fruit (4.10 pieces), the heaviest fruit weight (235.46 g) and
the highest average fruit circumference (25.82 mm)

Keywords:

Topic: Crop Production and Environment

144
 [ABS-313]
Strategy and adaptation impact of climate change in rice plant management in Soppeng
Regency

Winarno (a), Kahar Mustari (a), and Amir Yassi (a)

a) Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan

KM 10 Makassar 90245, Indonesia

*yassi.amir@yahoo.com

Abstract

The global climate change resulting in shifting patterns distribution of rain heavily was
influenced to growth and development of rice plant. The aims of this study were to guide the
application of rice cultivation technology based on climate change, to change the mindset of
farmers from the hereditary habits to better system according to the climate change model, and to
formulate the adaptation strategy of climate change impact in the management of rice plant in
Soppeng Regency. The study began in January to April 2017 at 8 (eight) sub-districts in Soppeng
District, South Sulawesi Province. The study employed descriptive quantitative study with
survey model. Eighty farmers were selected intentionally as respondents who are assumed to be
able to answer the things studied such as production variables, diffusion of innovation, climatic
elements, and government policy. Data analysis was descriptive quantitative analyzing rainfall
according to Schmidt-Ferguson, SWOT analysis, and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) with
expert choice program 11. The results of analysis with AHP method indicated that adaptation of
cultivation technology that can be applied to the management of rice plant in Soppeng Regency
was based on the sequence of priority scale. The component of the planting schedule has the
highest weight of 18.8%, followed by the improvement of planting patterns 15.8%, the use of
improved varieties 15.6%, water management 14.6%, 14.0% system improvement, 7.9%
fertilization, pest control 7.7%, and harvesting component of 5.6%. Some alternative activities or
programs on climate change adaptation strategy in rice cultivation are: (1) field school activities,
(2) cultivation technical training, (3) participatory pest surveillance, (4) site-specific climate
information procurement, (5) climate change socialization activities, (6) creation of experimental
farm, (7) matching cultivation variety with climate condition, (8) diversification and crop
rotation, (9) seed procurement, and (10) budgets of farmers’ groups.

Keywords:

Topic: Crop Production and Environment

145
 [ABS-314]
Development of System of Rice Intensification and Legowo planting systems on
'Rendengan' planting season using various rice varieties in different equatorial rainfall
types in South Sulawesi

Amir Yassi (a*), Kahar Mustari (a), and Tigin Dariati (a)

a) Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan

KM 10 Makassar 90245, Indonesia

*yassi.amir@yahoo.com

Abstract

This study is expected to address the shortage of water in irrigated land with the use of adaptive
varieties. Technological innovation in quality improvement intensification with an alternative
system to cope mechanization of human labor. Through the application efficiency of irrigation
water management as a result of changing weather patterns, produce varieties that are tolerant to
drought and the use of appropriate technology package planting season and the type of equatorial
rain on the texture of sand. The purpose of the study to obtain a model of water management
with SRI method of planting systems are combined in a way legowo rice varieties and the use of
appropriate conditions of equatorial rain-type region. The experiment was conducted in Sidrap
on sand textured soil, in the form of experimental research with Separate Compartments design
analysis method. The treatment of the water management of the wet-dry method, macak-macak
and disjointed as the main plot and varieties consist of Mekongga, Inpari-4 and Inpari-30 as a
subplot. The results showed water management with the wet-dry method gives a better effect on
plant height age of 30 HST (44.74 cm), age 60 HST (84.74 cm), the time of harvest (101.62 cm),
panicle length (27.87 cm) and plots (per hectare) which is 223.75 kg (6.78 t), while the number
of tillers 30 HST (20.80 bars), productive tillers (21.20 bars) obtained in the discontinuous
method. Development of varieties in paddy fields textured sand should use Inpari-4 in
combination with water management in dry wet method

Keywords:

Topic: Crop Production and Environment

146
 [ABS-315]
Effect of climatic factors on the attack level of Coffee fruit borer (Hypothenemus hampei
Ferr) on smallholder coffee plantation in Tana Toraja

Kaimuddin (a*), Kahar Mustari (a) and Firsya Natasya (a)

a) Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan

KM 10 Makassar 90245, Indonesia.

*kaimudin.mole@gmail.com

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the relationship between climate parameters and the level of CPBP
pest attack on coffee and predict the impact of climate change on the PBKo pest population. The
research was conducted in Tana Toraja Regency, Gandang Batu Sillanan District, Benteng
Ambeso Village and Gandang Batu Village from June 2019 to July 2019. The research was in
the form of a survey (literature study, observation, and interviews), with purposive sampling
carried out by selecting the sample. , using 30 respondents. Data analysis using SPSS multiple
linear regression software with 5 variables. The area of CPB attack was the independent variable,
while the maximum temperature, minimum temperature, average temperature, humidity and
rainfall were the dependent variables. The multiple linear regression equation is Y = 544,292 -
7,321X1 - 15,960X2 + 24,739X3 - 356X4 + 0,005X5. The coefficient of determination obtained
is an R square value of 0.609, meaning that 60.90% of the area of CPBP pest attack for coffee
plants can be explained by climatic factors, while the remaining 30.10% is explained by other
variables outside the variables used. Climatic factors that affect the area of CPB pest attack,
namely the minimum temperature (probability value 0.041 <0.05) and the average temperature
(probability value 0.027 <0.05) are stated to have a significant effect while the maximum
temperature factor (probability value 0.121> 0.05), humidity ( probability value 0.221> 0.05) and
rainfall (probability value 0.581> 0.05) was declared to have no significant effect.

Keywords:

Topic: Crop Production and Environment

147
 [ABS-316]
Effect of the application of chicken manure compost tea on the growth of certified cocoa
(Theobroma cacao L.) seedlings

Nurlina Kasim (a*), Kahar Mustari (a), and Ines Iswari (a)

a) Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan

KM 10 Makassar 90245, Indonesia.

*nina_nurlina@yahoo.com

Abstract

This study aims to determine the effect of the best types of cocoa seedlings on the use of
compost tea. This research was conducted in Sudiang Village, Makassar City, South Sulawesi
and took place from August to December 2019, which was compiled using a 2-factor factorial
design in a randomized block design (RAK) as the environmental design. The first factor is the
type of cocoa seed which consists of three levels, namely Sulawesi 1, Sulawesi 2 and MCC
02.The second factor is the compost tea POC which consists of four levels, namely control (0 ml
/ l water), 50 ml / l water, 100 ml / l water, 150 ml / l water. The results showed that MCC 02
cocoa seeds gave the best growth response, given the concentration of compost tea POC
fertilization, namely 100 ml / l of water on the parameters of the number of leaves, stem
diameter, fresh root weight, root dry weight and leaf chlorophyll index, chlorophyll A,
chlorophyll. B and total chlorophyll.

Keywords:

Topic: Crop Production and Environment

148
 [ABS-317]
Quality improvement of chilli seedlings (Capsicum annuum L.) through seed immersion in
Supergib solution

Syatrianty A. Syaiful (a*), Feranita Haring (a), Rahmania Rizki Syawlia (a)

a) Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan

KM 10 Makassar 90245, Indonesia.

*syatrianty62@gmail.com

Abstract

This study aims to obtain the supergib concentration and the length of soaking the seeds that
affect the growth of chili plant seeds. The study consisted of two stages, namely the first stage
was testing the viability and vigor of seeds which was carried out at the Laboratory of Plant
Breeding and Seed Science, Department of Agricultural Cultivation, Faculty of Agriculture,
Hasanuddin University. The second stage is the chili plant nursery which is held at the Faculty of
Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Makassar. Conducted from December 2019 to February
2020. This study used a two-factor factorial randomized block design, namely the first factor was
the concentration of supergib which consisted of 4 levels, namely 0 ppm, 10 ppm, 15 ppm and 20
ppm. The second factor was the length of soaking the seeds which consisted of 3 levels, namely
6 hours, 9 hours, and 12 hours. The results showed that the 10 ppm supergib concentration and
12 hours of soaking the seeds gave the best results at the growth rate of 19.35% and the supergib
concentration of 15 ppm and the duration of soaking the seeds for 9 hours gave the best results
on the primary root length of the sprouts, namely 3.68 cm plant height is 11.77 cm and the
number of leaves is 6.67 cm. Soaking time for 6 hours resulted in the highest average
germination capacity of 65%, and treatment for 9 hours of immersion resulted in the highest
growth simultaneous value of 25.67%.

Keywords:

Topic: Crop Production and Environment

149
 [ABS-318]
Invigoration of Katokkon chili (Capsicum chinense Jacq.) seeds using halopriming and
duration of immersion

Katriani Mantja (a*), Rahmansyah Dermawan (a), Adheyfa Dytheana (a)

a) Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan

KM 10 Makassar 90245, Indonesia.

*Katriani@yahoo.co.id

Abstract

A study was carried out to study the response of katokkon seeds to invigoration treatment using
atonic substances, phosphoric acid, and KCl. This research was conducted in the form of an
experiment using a randomized block design (RBD) 21. Invigoration treatments were given
consisting of a combination of atonic substances, phosphoric acid and KCl with different
immersion times. The results showed that the invigoration treatment package on the seeds that
gave the best effect on the germination and vigor of the chili seeds was the best percentage value
of sprouts, namely the package with atonic solution with a soaking time of 6 hours (75%), the
percentage value of the vigor index, namely the package with long atonic solution immersion for
6 hours (95.00). Plumula length with a package consisting of a 6 hour immersion phosphoric
acid solution with a plumule length (0.24 cm), a radicle length with a package consisting of 3
hours immersion atonic solution with a radicle length (0.51 cm), plant height with a package
consisting of acidic solution Phosphate immersion 3 hours with high (9.49 cm), and long roots
with a package consisting of a 12 hour long immersion atonic solution (14.02 cm).

Keywords:

Topic: Crop Production and Environment

150
 [ABS-319]
Response of three maize varieties (Zea mays L.) on different nitrogen dosages

Muh. Riadi (a), A Rusdayani Amin (a), Fira Novianti (a)

a) Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan

KM 10 Makassar 90245, Indonesia

*riadimuh@yahoo.co.id

Abstract

The research was carried out at the Experimental Garden of the Cereal Research Institute, Bajeng
District, Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi Province, which took place from September 2018 to
January 2019. The research aimed to study the interaction between certain nitrogen doses and
certain maize varieties and the presence of maize varieties, as well as nitrogen doses provide the
highest growth and production. This research was conducted in the form of an experiment using
a separate plot design. The nitrogen dose as the main plot consisting of 4 levels, namely urea 0
kg.ha-1, 100 kg.ha-1, 200 kg.ha-1, and 300 kg.ha-1, then three varieties of maize as subplots,
namely Bima-19 variety as hybrid representative, Lamuru as composite representative, and
Srikandi Kuning as synthetic representative. The results showed that the Bima-19 variety
fertilized with urea 300 kg.ha-1 gave the highest seed yield. Hectare-1 (8.10 tons.ha-1), and the
Srikandi Kuning variety produced the highest ear height (91.25 cm. ) than all other varieties
tested. Giving urea 300 kg.ha-1 resulted in the highest ear height (113.19 cm), the longest ear
length (20.02 cm), the longest ear length (18.19 cm), and the highest number of seeds. 33.83
seeds). 4. All parameters observed had very significant positive correlation values, except for the
age of flowering of the females and the number of rows of cob-1 seeds which were significantly
positive.

Keywords:

Topic: Crop Production and Environment

151
 [ABS-320]
Growth and production of Toraja Arabica coffee on different types of planting
management

Rusnadi Padjung (a*), Ambo Ala (a) dan Alfa Maijesesary Turu’ Allo (a)

a) Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan

KM 10 Makassar 90245, Indonesia

*rusnadi2015@gmail.com

Abstract

The research was carried out at the Experimental Garden of the Cereal Research Institute, Bajeng
District, Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi Province, which took place from September 2018 to
January 2019. The research aimed to study the interaction between certain nitrogen doses and
certain maize varieties and the presence of maize varieties, as well as nitrogen doses provide the
highest growth and production. This research was conducted in the form of an experiment using
a separate plot design. The nitrogen dose as the main plot consisting of 4 levels, namely urea 0
kg.ha-1, 100 kg.ha-1, 200 kg.ha-1, and 300 kg.ha-1, then three varieties of maize as subplots,
namely Bima-19 variety as hybrid representative, Lamuru as composite representative, and
Srikandi Kuning as synthetic representative. The results showed that the Bima-19 variety
fertilized with urea 300 kg.ha-1 gave the highest seed yield. Hectare-1 (8.10 tons.ha-1), and the
Srikandi Kuning variety produced the highest ear height (91.25 cm. ) than all other varieties
tested. Giving urea 300 kg.ha-1 resulted in the highest ear height (113.19 cm), the longest ear
length (20.02 cm), the longest ear length (18.19 cm), and the highest number of seeds. 33.83
seeds). 4. All parameters observed had very significant positive correlation values, except for the
age of flowering of the females and the number of rows of cob-1 seeds which were significantly
positive.

Keywords:

Topic: Crop Production and Environment

152
 [ABS-321]
Growth and production of Paddy Rice (Oryza sativa L.) on different planting systems and
types of liquid organic fertilizers

Rafiuddin (a*), Abdul Mollah Jaya (a), Muhammad Risal (a)

a) Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan

KM 10 Makassar 90245, Indonesia

*rafiuddin.syam@yahoo.co.id

Abstract

This study aims to determine the growth and production of rice in various planting systems and
types of liquid organic fertilizer. The research was conducted in Tellang-Tellang Hamlet, Rijang
Panua Village, Kulo District, Sidenreng Rappang Regency which lasted from May to August
2016. This research was conducted based on a separate plot design in the RAK. The main plot is
a planting system consisting of three planting systems, namely: the tile planting system (20 cm x
20 cm), the legowo planting system 4: 1 (40 cm x 20 cm x 20 cm) and 2: 1 legowo (40 cm). x 20
cm x 20 cm). Subplot is a type of liquid organic fertilizer consisting of three types of liquid
organic fertilizer, namely, gamal leaf POC, banana weevil POC, and gamal leaf POC + banana
weevil. There were nine treatment combinations that were repeated 3 (three) times so that in total
there were 27 sub-plots. The results showed that there was an interaction between the planting
system and liquid organic fertilizer on plant height, number of grains per panicle, production per
plot and production per hectare. The combination of 2: 1 legowo planting system treatment and
the POC type of gamal leaves + banana weevil gave the highest yields on production per hectare
(5.55 ton.ha-1). The planting system had a significant effect on the number of productive tillers
and flowering age, namely the 2: 1 legowo planting system produced the number of productive
tillers (32.26 stems), and the fastest flowering age (60.00 DAS) was found in the tile planting
system. The type of POC had a significant effect on the number of productive tillers and the
number of leaves per plant. The POC type of gamal leaves + banana weevil produced the highest
number of tillers (30.06 stems), while the highest number of leaves was found in the POC type of
gamal leaves, namely (5.20) leaves.

Keywords:

Topic: Crop Production and Environment

153
 [ABS-322]
The potency of South Sulawesi Local Rhizobium spp. on the growth and N absorption of
two soybean varieties

Amirullah Dachlan (a*), Abdul Mollah (a), Tita Aulia Sulistia (a)

a) Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan

KM 10 Makassar 90245, Indonesia

*amdachlan@yahoo.co.id

Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine the growth and nitrogen (N) uptake of two soybean
varieties on various local Rhizobium species. This research was conducted in the form of an
experiment at the Laboratory of Food Fungi and Biofertilizer and Ex-farm / Experimental
Garden of the Hasanuddin University Faculty of Agriculture, Makassar from January to July
2019. The research was arranged in a separate plot design (RPT). The main plot was the
treatment of Dena 1 and Deja 1 varieties, while the subplot was the treatment of local Rhizobium
species consisting of local Rhizobiums of Jeneponto, Soppeng and Maros. The results showed
that the Dena 1 treatment applied with Soppeng's local Rhizobium produced the highest number
of root nodules (13.50 nodules) compared to the control. Meanwhile, Deja 1 treatment which
was applied by local Rhizobium Soppeng produced the highest number of root nodules (28.67
nodules) compared to controls. Treatment of varieties did not give better results on all observed
parameters, while treatment of local Rhizobium species had a better effect on all observed
parameters and the best was found in Soppeng's local Rhizobium treatment. Local Rhizobium
Soppeng showed the highest yield on plant height (30.44 cm), number of leaves (32.40), number
of root nodules (28.83 nodules), shoot dry weight (2.40 g), root dry weight (0 , 60 g), total dry
weight (3.00 g), percentage N tissue (2.65%) and symbiotic ability (Sc) (0.83 / E.

Keywords:

Topic: Crop Production and Environment

154
 [ABS-323]
Test on Cayenne chili varieties (Capsicum frutescens L.) on different growing media
bioponically

Feranita Haring (a*), A Rusdayani Amin (a), Kharisma Rabbi (a)

a) Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan

KM 10 Makassar 90245, Indonesia

*feranita_haring@yahoo.com

Abstract

The research aims to determine the varieties and composition of the planting media that provide
the best growth and production, to determine which varieties provide the best growth and
production of chili plants, one of the compositions of the planting medium that provides the best
growth and production of chili plants, and to determine the parameters that high heritability
value. The research took place from January to April 2019. The study used a separate plot
design. The main plot is the composition of the planting medium which consists of 3 types of
composition, namely: Burnt Husk, Cocopeat, and Baked Husk: Cocopeat 1: 1. Sub-plot, namely
cayenne pepper, 5 varieties of chili, namely: Bara, Pelita 8 F1, Merapi, Sonar, and Centil. The
results showed that the treatment that gave the highest growth and production was the treatment
of cocopeat growing media with Sonar varieties with a value of 10.22 g / plant. The planting
medium that gave the highest growth and production was the treatment of roasted husk growing
media: cocopeat 1: 1 with a value of 8.68 g / plant. The variety that had the highest growth and
production was the Sonar variety treatment with a value of 9.43 g / plant. Parameters that give
high heritability are plant height, number of productive branches, flowering age, harvest age,
fresh root weight, root volume, number of fruit harvested, production, and fruit length.

Keywords:

Topic: Crop Production and Environment

155
 [ABS-324]
Growth response of pepper (Piper nigrum L.) seedlings to application of Arbuscula
Mychorrizae Fungi (AMF) and NPK fertilizer

Hari Iswoyo (a*), Ambo Ala (a), Muh. Sulhidayat (a)

a) Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan

KM 10 Makassar 90245, Indonesia.

*hiswoyo@gmail.com

Abstract

This study aims to determine the effect of mycorrhizal and NPK fertilizers on the growth of
pepper (Piper nigrum L.) seedlings which took place from December 2017 to February 2018.
This research was conducted in the form of a two-factor factorial randomized block design
(RBD) trial. The first factor is the administration of mycorrhizae (M) which consists of 4 levels,
namely: without mycorrhizae (M0), 10 g tan-1 (M1) mycorrhizae, 15 g tan-1 (M2) mycorrhizae,
and 20 g tan-1 (M3) mycorrhiza. ). The second factor is the provision of NPK fertilizer (P) which
consists of 3 levels, namely: without NPK fertilizer (P0), NPK fertilizer 1 g tan-1 (P1), NPK
fertilizer 1.5 g tan-1 (P2), NPK fertilizer. 2 g tan-1 (P3). The results of this study indicated that
the administration of 20 g of mycorrhizae per polybag had a good effect on the growth of pepper
seedlings, namely the root volume parameter with an average yield of 1.83 mL. The application
of NPK fertilizer 1.5 g per polybag had a good effect on the parameters of plant height increase
with an average yield of 3.32 cm. There was no interaction between mycorrhizal treatment and
NPK fertilizer which had an effect on the growth of pepper seeds.

Keywords:

Topic: Crop Production and Environment

156
 [ABS-325]
Implementation of Good Agriculture Practice (GAP) in chili urban faming program:
Evaluation on planting management in Manggala district City of Makassar

Novaty E. Dungga (a*), Ifayanti Ridwan (a), Ayu Andina (a)

a) Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan

KM 10 Makassar 90245, Indonesia.

*ndungga@hotmail.com

Abstract

This study aims to obtain information about the application of the Standard Operational
Procedure (SOP) for chili cultivation as part of the alley business entity program in Manggala
District, Makassar City. The research location was determined based on the consideration that in
that location there were several farmer groups that had been verified by the Food Security
Service in several previous programs. This research uses descriptive method by observing and
interviewing eight sub-districts in Manggala District. The results showed the level of application
of SOP for chili cultivation in Manggala District, Makassar City was 64.06% with the highest
percentage in Tamangapa Village covering the level of application of chili cultivation, namely
seeding (75%), planting (75%), maintenance (75%). and harvest (75%). Meanwhile, the lowest
level of application was shown in Biring Romang, namely seeding (45%), planting (45%),
maintenance (30%) and harvesting (30%). The highest chili production was achieved by the
Tamangapa Village (200 g / tree) with the successful category, while the lowest chili production
was in the Biring Romang Village (100 g / tree) with the less successful category. The most
common problems faced by respondents were pests and diseases where the most common pests
were mealybugs and the most common disease, namely fusarium wilt.

Keywords:

Topic: Crop Production and Environment

157
 [ABS-326]
Application of Trichoderma on single bud Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L) seedlings
originated from different stems

Yunus Musa (a*), Abdul Haris Bahrun (a), Kardina (a)

a) Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan

KM 10 Makassar 90245, Indonesia.

*yunusmusa@yahoo.com

Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine the growth of sugarcane seeds using Trichoderma
application and different parts of the stems using the single bud method. The research was
conducted at the Experimental Garden at the Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University,
Tamalanrea, Makassar. The research took place from July to November 2018. This research was
conducted in the form of a two-factor factorial experiment which was arranged based on a
randomized block design. The first factor is Trichoderma with 3 levels of doses, namely without
Trichoderma, 15 g / polybag and 30 g / polybag, while the second factor is the stem which
consists of the upper stem, middle stem and lower stem which consists of 9 treatment
combinations, respectively. -Each treatment was repeated 3 times (3 polybags / treatment) so that
the total poly bag used was 81. The results showed that treatment without Trichoderma gave the
best results on plant height, namely 13.91 cm at 2 WAP. While the treatment of the middle stem
gave the best results on the number of tillers, namely 10.71.

Keywords:

Topic: Crop Production and Environment

158
 [ABS-327]
Growth and production of Melon (Cucumis melo L.) to the application of Bio-slurry
fertilizer and Rmix in Pinrang Regency

Rahmansyah Dermawan (a*), Kahar Mustari (a), Ahmad (a)

a) Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan

KM 10 Makassar 90245, Indonesia.

* radesya09@gmail.com

Abstract

This study aims to determine the effect of bioslurry and Rmix on the growth and production of
melon (Cucumis melo L.) in the lowlands. The research was conducted in Paleteang District,
Pinrang Regency. The research took place from August to October 2018 using a separate plot
design (RPT). The main plot consisted of 4 concentrations of bioslurry fertilization, 0 mL L-1,
100 mL L-1, 200 mL L-1 and 300 mL L-1. Subplots consisted of 3 concentrations of Rmix
fertilization, namely 0 mL L-1, 20 mL L-1, and 40 mL L-1. The results showed that treatment of
Rmix 40 mL L-1 gave the best results on root wet weight (3.76 g), root dry weight (1.19 g), root
volume (6.35 mL), and leaf chlorophyll (46 , 45 mg / m). Fertilization of bioslurry with a
concentration of 100 mL L-1 showed that the chlorophyll of fruit leaves had a significant
correlation with sweetness levels (0.78), root wet weight (0.67), root volume (0.75) and even
highly significant correlation with pulp thickness ( 0.85), root dry weight (0.92), fruit weight
(0.85), and fruit circumference (0.86). Leaf area significantly correlated with sweetness levels
(0.74). The leaf area of the fruit had a significant correlation with the sweetness level (0.75), the
thickness of the fruit pulp (0.71) and even very significantly correlated with fruit weight (0.86)
and fruit circumference (0.79). Root dry weight had a very significant correlation with sweetness
levels (0.82)

Keywords:

Topic: Crop Production and Environment

159
 [ABS-328]
Growth and production of Shallot (Alium ascalonicum L.) on different dosage of
vermicompost and mycorrhizae inoculation

Rafiuddin (a*), Nuniek Widiayani (a), Rahman (a)

a) Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan

KM 10 Makassar 90245, Indonesia.

*rafiuddin.syam@yahoo.co.id

Abstract

Indonesia is a country rich in natural resources, especially in agriculture, with favorable climatic
and soil conditions. Development in agriculture has never stopped, but production results have
not been maximized, one of the obstacles is the increasingly unproductive agricultural land
caused by inadequate handling, use of synthetic materials for agriculture so that land becomes
marginal and environmental sustainability is not maintained. One solution that can be done is the
use of mycorisa inoculants and the addition of organic fertilizers (vermicompost fertilizers) to
increase agricultural yields, especially on shallots. This research was conducted at the Center for
Agricultural Training (BBPP) Batangkaluku, Gowa Regency, which took place from October to
December 2015. The research was in the form of an experiment using a randomized block
design. 25 tonnes ha-1, mycorrhizae 0.375 tonnes ha-1, mycorrhizae 0.750 tonnes ha-1,
vermicompost 12.5 tonnes ha-1 + mycorrhizae 0.375 ton ha-1, vermicompost 25 tonnes ha-1 +
mycorrhizae 0.750 tonnes ha-1, vermicompost 25 tonnes ha-1 + mycorrhizae 0.375 tonnes ha-1,
and vermicompost 25 tonnes ha-1 + mycorrhizae 0.750 tonnes ha-1. The results showed that the
application of vermicompost fertilizer 12.5 ton ha-1 gave the highest yields on the parameters of
root length, number of tubers per plant, tuber girth, tuber weight, and production. Mycorrhizae at
a dose of 0.750 ton ha-1 gave the best results on parameters of root length, root volume,
percentage of infected roots, number of tubers per plant, tuber convolution, tuber weight and
production. The combination of vermicompost fertilizer 12.5 tons ha-1 with mycorrhizae at a
dose of 0.750 tons ha-1 resulted in the highest production (10.27 tons ha-1)

Keywords:

Topic: Crop Production and Environment

160
 [ABS-329]
Effect of seed immersion and concentration of PGPR Katang-katang roots on the early
growth of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) seedlings

Abdul Mollah (a*), Abdul Haris (a), Ika Ratih Yuli Purnama (a)

a) Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan

KM 10 Makassar 90245, Indonesia.

*mollah_jaya@yahoo.com

Abstract

This study aims to determine the effect of the long soaking treatment of cocoa seeds and the
concentration of plant growth promoting rhizobacter root katang-katang (Ipomea pes-caprae) on
early growth of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.). This research was conducted in Gantarangkeke
Village, Gantarangkeke District, Bantaeng Regency, South Sulawesi, which took place from
August to October 2019. This research was conducted in the form of a two-factor factorial design
(RF2F) with a randomized block design (RAK). Soaking time for cocoa seeds as the first factor
consisting of 4 levels, namely: 0 minutes, 5 minutes, 10 minutes and 15 minutes and the
concentration of PGPR watering from katang-katang roots as the second factor consisting of 5
levels, namely: 0 mL / L, 5 mL / L, 10 mL / L, 15 mL / L, and 20 mL / L. The results showed
that the treatment of soaking time for 10 minutes and 15 minutes had a significant effect on the
germination capacity of 100%, the speed of seed growth was 7.14% peretmal, and the percentage
of abnormal seeds was 0%. The treatment of long soaking seeds and concentration of PGPR
watering katang-katang roots that gave the best effect was the treatment of 5 mL / L watering
concentration, namely the parameters of stem diameter (3.85 mm), root length (21.43 cm), plant
dry weight (1 , 45 grams), root dry weight (0.28 grams) and canopy root ratio (6.11). The
interaction that gave the best effect was the treatment of seed soaking time for 15 minutes and
watering concentration of 10 mL / L, namely the parameters of the number of leaves (8, 00
strands) and the root shoot ratio (6, 11)

Keywords:

Topic: Crop Production and Environment

161
 [ABS-330]
Strategy on the implementation of Good Agriculture Practice (GAP) in smallholder
plantation to improve the production and quality of Arabica coffee bean in Enrekang
Regency Indonesia

Ambo Ala (a*), Ifayanti Ridwan (a), Irfansyah T (a)

a) Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan

KM 10 Makassar 90245, Indonesia.

*amboala_aa@yahoo.com

Abstract

This study aims to determine the priority scale in the management of Arabica coffee plants to
increase the production, productivity and quality of Arabica coffee in smallholder coffee
plantations. The research was conducted in Baroko District, Baraka District and Masalle District
from December 2017 to January 2018. The research was in the form of a survey (literature study,
observation, and interviews), the sample selection was carried out deliberately (purposive
sampling) using 30 respondents who were assumed to be able to answer the things being studied
. Quantitative descriptive data analysis using Expert Choice Version 11 for determining the
priority scale. The results showed that the priority scale of applying GAP for coffee plants in
Enrekang Regency was the cultivation aspect with the highest weight, namely 46.7%, followed
by the post-harvest aspect of 27.9% and the harvest aspect of 25.5%.

Keywords:

Topic: Crop Production and Environment

162
 [ABS-331]
Effect of the application of plant growth regulator of Auxin and Gibberellin on the growth
and production of chilli (Capsicum annuum L.)

Ifayanti Ridwan (a*), Rahmansyah Dermawan (a), Nurfaida (a), Sitti Salmiati(a)

a) Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan

KM 10 Makassar 90245, Indonesia.

*ifayanti@unhas.ac.id

Abstract

This study aims to determine the growth and production of chili plants in response to the type
and concentration of auxin and gibberellin treatment. The research was conducted at the
Experimental Garden of the Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Makassar which
took place from November 2018 to February 2019 using a separate plot design (RPT). The main
plot was the treatment of growth regulators consisting of IAA, IBA and GA3, while the subplot
was the application concentration treatment consisting of 5 levels, namely 0 mg.l-1, 25 mg.l-1,
50 mg.l-1, 75 mg.l-1 and 100 mg.l-1. The results showed that the GA3 75 mg.l-1 treatment gave
the highest number of productive branches, namely 34.67 branches, while the highest weight per
fruit was obtained in the IAA 25 mg.l-1 treatment of 10.53 g.

Keywords:

Topic: Crop Production and Environment

163
 [ABS-332]
Plant maintenance and production techniques of Arabica coffee (Coffeea arabica L.) in
Labbo village, Banteng regency

Abdul Haris Bahrun (a*), Rafiuddin (a), Muhammad Aris (a)

a) Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan

KM 10 Makassar 90245, Indonesia.

*harisbahrun@yahoo.com

Abstract

This study aims to formulate maintenance techniques to increase the production of Arabica
coffee plants. The research was conducted in Labbo Village, Tompobulu District, Bantaeng
Regency in August - November 2017. The research was in the form of a survey (literature study,
observation, and interviews), with purposive sampling using 25 respondents who were assumed
to be able to answer the things being studied. . Data analysis used multiple linear regression with
SPSS software. The results showed that the productivity of coffee in Labbo Village, Tompobulu
District, Bantaeng Regency, South Sulawesi, was still very low, namely 0.47 kg per tree. The
multiple regression equation for Arabica coffee productivity in Labbo Village, Tompobulu
District, Bantaeng Regency, South Sulawesi is Y = 66.566 + 2.104X1 + 0.834X2 + 1.057X3 +
1.160X4 + 1.134X5 + 0.697X6 + 1.104X7 + 0.939X8 + 1.010X9. Factors from the aspect of
maintenance techniques can increase the production and productivity of Arabica coffee plants in
Labbo Village, Tompobulu District, Bantaeng Regency, South Sulawesi. Variables of fertilizer
dosage, fertilization method, form pruning, rejuvenation and control of pests and plant diseases
had a significant effect, while the frequency of fertilization, time of fertilization, production
pruning and sanitation had no significant effect on the productivity of Arabica coffee plants.

Keywords:

Topic: Crop Production and Environment

164
 [ABS-333]
Growth of Cocoa (Theobrema cacao L.) seedlings MCC 02 on different application of
vermicompost and atonik

Asmiaty sahur (a*), Muh. Riadi (a), Rima Rahmawati (a)

a) Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan

KM 10 Makassar 90245, Indonesia.

*asmiatyasmiaty@gmail.com

Abstract

This study aims to study the effect of vermicompost and atonic application on the growth of
MCC 02 clone cocoa seedlings. This research was conducted at the Experimental Garden of the
Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University Makassar, which took place from February to
May 2020. This research was conducted in the form of a two-factor factorial design with a
randomized block design. as a design environment. The provision of vermicompost as the first
factor consisting of 4 levels, namely: 0 g, 25 g, 50 g, 75 g and Atonic concentration as the second
factor consisting of 4 levels, namely: 0 mL / L water, 1.5 mL / L water, 3 mL / L water, and 4.5
mL / L water. The results showed that the combination of vermicompost dosage treatment of 75
g and an atonic concentration of 3 mL / L of water gave the best results for the height of the
cocoa plant (29.82 cm). The 75 g vermicompost dose treatment gave the best results on the root
volume of cocoa (5.30 mL). Atonic concentration of 4.5 mL / L of water gave the best results for
the height of the cocoa plant (27.84 cm). The characters that were significantly positively
correlated with the dry biomass of cocoa were the dry weight of the cocoa roots with a
correlation coefficient of 0.55 *, while the characters that had a very significant positive
correlation with the dry biomass of cocoa were the volume of cocoa roots and the dry weight of
the cocoa crown. with the correlation coefficient values, respectively 0.66 ** and 0.95 **

Keywords:

Topic: Crop Production and Environment

165
 [ABS-334]
Early growth of post-gamma irradiated indigofera zollingeriana

Y Musa (a*), R Sjahril (a), M Nadir (b), P I Khaerani (c), A I Sakinah (c)

a) Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Hasanuddin

b) Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Hasanuddin
c) Postgraduate Program, Agriculture Science, Universitas Hasanuddin

*yunusmusa@yahoo.com

Abstract

This study aims to identify the effectiveness of applying gamma-ray irradiation to improve
Indigofera seed viability. The study employs Randomized Block Design (RBD) consisting of 5
treatments and 4 groups. The treatment encompassed; Irradiation Dosage (A) T0 = 0Gy Gamma
Irradiation Dosage; T2 = 100 Gy Gamma Irradiation Dosage; T3 = 150 Gy Gamma Irradiation
Dosage; T4 = 200 Gy Gamma Irradiation Dosage. The observed parameter encompassed the
germination percentage, mortality percentage, plumule and radicle length, and germination
index. The results of ANOVA indicated that gamma-ray irradiated Indigofera seedling varied
based on the germination duration. The results of the study indicated that irradiation treatment
had a significant effect (P<0.05) on the parameters of plumule length, germination percentage,
and mortality percentage. The significant effect was identified at the dosage range of 0-50 Gy.
No significant effect was found at the dosage of 100-200 Gy.

Keywords: Indigofera, gamma irradiation, seed viability

Topic: Crop Production and Environment

166
 [ABS-364]
Effectivity of Biofertilizer and Shoots Pruning on Yield of Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L)

A. Gandhi (a*), Ambo Ala (b), Nasaruddin (b)

a) Magister Student, Agrochnology, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar,90245, Indonensia.

b) Departement of Agronomy,Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar,90245,
Indonensia

* nnasaruddin@gmail.com

Abstract

This study aims to undesrstand the effectiveness of biofertilizers and shoot pruning improving
cocoa growth and yield. The research was conducted in the "Kebun Dinas Bone-Bone", North
Luwu Regency, South Sulawesi Province from February to August 2020. This research was
conducted in the form of an experiment arranged in randomized block design (RBD) with 3
replication. The treatment consist of 10 levels, namely: without biofertilizer and not shoots
pruned (k0p0), biofertilizer 9 ml L-1 per tree and not shoots pruned (k1p0), biofertilizer 18 ml L-
1 per tree and not shoots pruned (k2p0), biofertilizer 27 ml L-1 per tree and not shoots pruned
(k3p0), biofertilizer 36 ml L-1 per tree and not shoots pruned (k4p0), biofertilizer 0 ml L-1 per
tree and shoots pruned (k0p1), biofertilizer 9 ml L-1 per tree and shoots pruned (k1p1),
biofertilizer 18 ml L-1 per tree and shoots pruned (k2p1), biofertilizer 27 ml L-1 per tree and
shoots pruned (k3p1), biofertilizer 36 ml L-1 per tree and shoots pruned (k4p1). Research results
showed that the concentration of biofertilizer 32 mL L-1 gave the highest value for: 10 pod, 42.8
seeds of fruits, and yield 0.71 kg per tree or equivalent to 591.67 kg / ha of dry seeds. Pruned of
shoots gave the highest number of seeds per fruit was 36.82 and pod index of 20.

Keywords: Cocoa, biofertilizers, shoots pruning.

Topic: Crop Production and Environment

167
 [ABS-15]
Physicochemical characteristics and antioxidant compounds of Rice Analog from Mocaf,
Green Beans, and Purple corn (Zea mays L.)

Zulfyani Putri Sada (a), Meta Mahendradatta (b), and Rindam Latief (b)

a) Master student of Food Science Technology, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, 90245, South
Sulawesi, Indonesia
b) Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Biotechnology, Food Science and Technology, Hasanuddin
University, Makassar, 90245, South Sulawesi, Indonesia

Abstract

Characteristics of Rice Analogue, the product resembles to ordinary rice (rice analog), are
evaluated using the variation of raw material composition, i.e. Mocaf, green beans flour, and
purple corn flour. Rice Analogue is produced by using cold extrusion technology. The product is
then analyzed based on its physical, chemical, and sensory properties. The experimental design
used 3 treated with a ratio of J1 : Mocaf 60% + green beans flour 20% + corn purple flour 20%,
J2 : Mocaf 50% + green beans flour 20% + corn purple flour 30%, J3 : Mocaf 40% + green
beans flour 20% + corn purple flour 40%. To get the exact formula and favored by consumers,
the comparison is done organoleptic test for flavor, aroma, color and texture then performed
physical analysis of gelatinization temperature and density Kamba. The results show that the
most preferred formula is J3 which is the ratio: Mocaf 40% + green beans flour 20% + corn
purple flour 40%. Physical analysis in Kamba density of 0.497 g/ml, and gelatinization
temperature of 100 oC with a time of 3 minutes. And the Chemical analysis results are: 8.60%
moisture content, ash content of 1.52%, 11.34% protein content, fat content 1.52 %, 73.62 %
starch content, and rice analogue possess anthocyanin 27.15 CyE/g.

Keywords: Rice Analogue, Purple Corn, Mocaf, nutritional value

Topic: Genetically Modified Foods, Food Safety, and Product Development

168
 [ABS-20]
Physicochemical and organoleptic properties of bread made from modified corn flour

Rifah Hestyani Arum (a*), Riswita Syamsuri (a), Wanti Dewayani (a), Suryani (a), and Ekawati
Basri (a)

a) South Sulawesi Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology

*arum130390@gmail.com

Abstract

Corn is currently one of the most developed agricultural commodities and is expected to be an
alternative for the fulfillment of staple foods other than rice. The abundance of corn production
has opened up opportunities to use corn as an ingredient for local flour. Corn in the form of flour
is more flexible, more durable and practical. Corn flour can be used as a raw material for making
bread as a substitute for wheat flour, although it does not have sufficient gluten to develop bread
but it has added value to bread by using modified corn flour. This study aims to determine the
best formulation for processing moodified corn flour into bread based on SNI and organoleptic
testing. This research was carried out at the Postharvest Laboratory of South Sulawesi
Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology from April to November 2019 and was
conducted with a completely randomized design (CRD) with 3 replications. The treatment in this
study was substitution of wheat flour using modified corn flour with a concentration of 0%
(control), 20%, 40%, and 60%. The results showed that the highest water and carbohydrate
content was obtained from substitution with 20% modified corn flour, ash and fat content from
40% modified corn flour substitution, and the highest protein content was found in the control
treatment or without modified corn flour substitution. Organoleptic testing showed no significant
differences in color and aroma of all treatments, while for texture, taste, and overall appearance,
the highest score was obtained from control and substitution with 20% modified corn flour,
where the score obtained for 20% substitution of modified corn flour was 3.63, 3.67, and 3.93
respectively.

Keywords: Modified Corn Flour- Subtitution- Corn Bread

Topic: Genetically Modified Foods, Food Safety, and Product Development

169
 [ABS-28]
Performance and added value of brown sugar production in Rembang Regency

Seno Basuki (a) , Munir Ety Wulanjari (a) and Dewi Sahara (a)

a) BPTP Jawa Tengah

Abstract

Sugar cane processing into brown sugar in Rembang Regency is done by home industries. This
activity has been done for 100 days in a year based on sugarcane harvest period. Research has
been conducted from May to November 2019 at the production center in Karangharjo Village,
Sulang - Rembang with the aim to see the performance and added value of processing sugar cane
into brown sugar. Data obtained through interviews and observations were analyzed
descriptively by calculating the added value using the Hayami approach. The results showed that
the processing of sugar cane into brown sugar by the home industry was still feasible with an
added value of Rp. 2,308 per kg or 24.00% at a market price of Rp. 7,400. The processing of
brown sugar, including labor-intensive activities with contributions of 72.20%, is still carried out
by employers because it can be a solution when farmers^ sugar cane production is less valued by
the White Sugar Company. The industry production is sold to soy sauce company with simple
requirements and cash payment.

Keywords: added value- Hayami approach- brown sugar.

Topic: Genetically Modified Foods, Food Safety, and Product Development

170
 [ABS-298]
Development of processed cocoa with addition of dried fruit to increase added value

Jumriah Langkong (a), Andi Nurfaidah Rahman (a), Februadi Bastian (a) and Andi Dirpan (a)

a) Department of Agricultural Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University

Abstract

Chocolate is a product that is ready to be consumed as a secondary product of cocoa beans and
can be varied by adding a filler. Each ingredient added or used to make chocolate has its own
qualities, one of which is the addition of canarium nut fillers. This study aims to determine a new
formulation with the addition of canarium nut to dark chocolate products and the best results are
carried out by the physicochemical test, organoleptic test, fat blooming test and stability test.
Method: The process of making the product begins with the manufacture of dried canarium nut
fillers, then continues the process of making chocolate. In the process of making chocolate
products, in the formulation stage, several treatments were carried out with the addition of 6%,
9% and 12% canarium nut fillers. After that, organoleptic test, stability test, fat blooming test,
free fatty acid test, moisture content test and ash content test. Results: Chocolate product has a
good density level and shows that the added filler in the form of canarium nut for each test
parameter has no significant effect. The storage process for 21 days did not show any fat
blooming that occurred in chocolate, as well as a similar response to the organoleptic acceptance
of the panelists on the like scale. Conclusion: The new formulation with the taste of the addition
of dried canarium nut to dark chocolate products indicates an acceptable level of preference
based on the hedonic method testing for color, taste, aroma, and texture. The best results of the
product formulation obtained by sample A2 with the addition of dry canarium nut treatment 9%
that can be categorized as good

Keywords: canarium nut,cocoa butter, cocoa powder, chocolate, organoleptics.

Topic: Genetically Modified Foods, Food Safety, and Product Development

171
 [ABS-51]
The effects of baking on the quality attributes of dried beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.)

Indrie Ambarsari (a), Gama N. Oktaningrum (a), Budi Hartoyo (a), and Agus Hermawan (a)

a) Assessment Institute of Agricultural Technology Central Java, Indonesian Agency for Agricultural
Research and Development, Indonesian Ministry of Agriculture

Abstract

In the vegetable preservation process, baking treatment is commonly applied to enhance the end-
product quality. This study was carried out to observe baking influences as an alternative
pretreatment toward dried beetroot quality. A completely randomized design with different
baking times (0, 15, 30, and 45 min) at 200 C was adjusted on beetroot before sliced and dried
(50 C, 24 h). The result showed that baking treatments significantly affected the whole quality
attributes of dried beetroot. There was an increase in anthocyanin, total phenolic, total sugar, and
pigment intensity of dried beetroots with the more prolonged baking treatment. Dried beetroot
prepared by 45 min baking treatment contained total anthocyanin 109.57 mg/100 g, total
phenolic 8.66 mg/100 g, and total sugar 5.13%. Baking treatment for 45 min also resulted in
intense color development of redness (a) and yellowness (b), although the lightness (L) reduced
due to dark color formation.

Keywords: beetroot, drying, baking

Topic: Genetically Modified Foods, Food Safety, and Product Development

172
 [ABS-62]
Characterization of cocoa butter equivalent from formulated hard palm oil mid fraction
and canola oil blend

Reiza Mutia AR (a*), Dayang Norulfairuz Abang Zaidel (b), Ida Idayu Muhamad (b)

a) Program Studi Agroteknologi, Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Pelalawan, Jl. Lintas Timur Km. 28 Simpang
Beringin, Bandar Sei Kijang, Kabupaten Pelalawan, Riau 28383, Indonesia
b) Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi
Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia

*reiza_mutia68@st2p-yap.ac.id

Abstract

A search for an alternative to cocoa butter (CB) has increased due to premium price, uncertainty
in supply and variability in quality problems. The study to find cocoa butter equivalent (CBE) as
an alternative to CB from available and high nutritional oils or fats was carried out using
enzymatic interesterification method. The objective of this study was to characterize CBE from
hard palm oil mid fraction (PMF) and canola oil blend using immobilized lipase from
Rhizomucor miehei. The experiment was performed at hard PMF concentration of 50%, lipase
load of 7.2% (based on weight of substrate) and reaction time of 2 hours. The characteristics
observed were fatty acid profiles, triacylglycerol (TAG) composition, slip melting point (SMP)
and solid fat content (SFC). CBE obtained exhibit higher percentage of linoleic acid (omega 6,
7.98%) and linolenic acid (omega 3, 2.47%) than CB (3.40% of linoleic acid) due to the addition
of canola oil. TAG composition was 28.65% of POP, 19.52% of POS and 3.57% of SOS TAG.
SMP value of CBE (46.25 C) was higher than CB (32 - 35 C). The SFC value of CBE was
different to CB. It was due to high amount of POP TAG, free fatty acid (FFA) or saturated-
saturated-saturated (StStSt) TAGs in CBE produced and also lack amount of TAGs which has
oleic acid at sn 2 position.

Keywords: Cocoa butter equivalent- Hard palm oil mid fraction- Canola oil- Enzymatic
interesterification

Topic: Genetically Modified Foods, Food Safety, and Product Development

173
 [ABS-63]
Organoleptic, chemical, and microbiological characteristics of goat milk yoghurt using
lactobacillus plantarum T14 and T35 with addition of stevia sweetener

Purwaningsih (a), I N Rosida (b), T F Djaafar (a), T Marwati (a), R Wikandari (b), and E S
Rahayu (b)

a) Department of Postharvest, Yogyakarta Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology, Indonesia

b) Department of Food and Agricultural Product Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology,
Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Abstract

Yogurt is a functional food that is in demand by the public. The high sucrose content in yogurt
can cause health problems, especially for people with diabetes mellitus. Making goat milk yogurt
using stevia as a sweetener is one solution. The purpose of this study was to determine the
organoleptic, chemical, and microbiological characteristics of goat^s milk yogurt fermented
using Lactobacillus plantarum T14 and T35 which added with stevia sweetener. This research
was conducted using a Factorial Completely Randomized Design. The first factor was the strain
of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), namely Lactobacillus plantarum T14 and Lactobacillus plantarum
T35. The second factor was the concentration of stevia, namely 0%- 0.25%- and 0.5%. The
processing of yogurt was carried out by adding goat^s milk with 10% skim milk and 1% (v/v)
LAB inoculum, then incubated at 37 oC for 16 hours. We found that goat^s milk yogurt with a
Lactobacillus plantarum T14 and a stevia concentration of 0.25% was the most preferred. The
yogurt contents of protein, water, fat, titrated acid, and ash content were 6.48-6.57%- 78.11-
80.45%- 5.03-5.16%- 0.56- 0.61%- and 1.50-1.55%, respectively. The increase of Lactobacillus
plantarum T14 and T35 growth was respectively 1.48-1.54 log and 0.17-0.45 log.

Keywords: yogurt, goat milk, stevia

Topic: Genetically Modified Foods, Food Safety, and Product Development

174
 [ABS-67]
Inhibition the growth of fungi and improving the quality of cocoa beans through
fermentation using lactic acid bacteria

Tri Marwati (a), Purwaningsih (a), T F Djaafar (a), A B T Sari (b), and Hernani (c)

a) Postharvest Department, Yogyakarta Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology, Indonesia

b) Postharvest Research Group, Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute, Jember, Indonesia
c) Agricultural Product Processing Research Group, Indonesian Center for Agricultural Research and
Development, Bogor, Indonesia

Abstract

The addition of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) improved the fermentation performance of cocoa
bean. Uncontrolled fermentation causes the mycotoxin contamination in cocoa which is
produced by fungi. Lactic Acid Bacteria that have been shown to have to inhibit fungi are from
the species Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus fermentum. Therefore, the purpose of this
study was to determine the ability of Lactobacillus plantarum and lactobacillus fermentum to
increase the quality and inhibit mold growth of cocoa beans. This research was carried out using
Completely Randomized Design. We examined one variable, namely the use of dry starter
culture (with Lactobacillus plantarum, with Lactobacillus fermentum, with mix culture of
Lactobacillus plantarum, Saccaromycess cerevisiae and Acetobacter aceti, and without starter
culture). We found that the addition of Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus fermentum,
Lactobacillus plantarum in combination with Saccaromycess cerevisiae and Acetobacter aceti
could provide suitable temperature and pH conditions for a good fermentation process of cocoa
beans and suppress the growth of fungus. Fermented cocoa beans produced by those starter
cultures could meet the quality requirements of SNI 01-2323-2008 and SNI 01-2323-2002.

Keywords: Fermentation, cocoa beans, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus fermentum

Topic: Genetically Modified Foods, Food Safety, and Product Development

175
 [ABS-82]
Effect of salt immersion, slaked lime immersion, and freezing on quality and sensory of
pineapple chip processed with vacuum frying

D Khoshy (a), D Fardenan (a), J D Haloho (a), S U Marzuki (a)

a) West Kalimantan Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology, Jl. Budi Utomo No. 45 Pontianak
78241 Indonesia

Abstract

In this study, the effect of immersion of fresh pineapple in salt (NaCl) solution and slaked lime
(Ca(OH)2) solution on quality and sensory of pineapple chip were investigated. A comparison of
the freezing effect in each pretreatment was also studied to decide the suitable recommendation
of pineapple chip processing technology for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises. The fresh
pineapple slices were subjected to NaCl solution and Ca(OH)2 solution for 30 minutes. To study
the effect of freezing, the samples were frozen for 24 hours. All samples were fried using a
vacuum fryer at 70C and 60 mmHg for 70 minutes. The study showed that immersion in NaCl
solution resulting in the highest moisture and ash content while immersion in Ca(OH)2 solution
gave the highest fat content. The freezing gave lower moisture and fat content but higher ash
content in all treatments without significant differences. In sensory evaluation, immersion in
NaCl solution displayed the highest acceptance in taste, texture, and overall acceptance with a 5-
scale hedonic test while freezing showed significantly lower acceptance compared to the
nonfreezing treatment except for the immersion in Ca(OH)2 solution.

Keywords: Pineapple chip, vacuum frying, pretreatment, freezing

Topic: Genetically Modified Foods, Food Safety, and Product Development

176
 [ABS-83]
Characterization edible films of sago with glycerol as a plasticizer

Meivie Lintang (a), Olvie Tandi (a), Payung Layuk (a), Steivie Karouw (a)

(a) North Sulawesi Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology, Kampus Pertanian Kalasey Street

Abstract

Sago is one of the local food districts of Sangihe archipelago, but its use is still limited to
traditional products. Edibel film of sago starch is one of the alternative products for increasing
the added value of this commodity as well as an environmentally friendly packaging material.
The research aims to obtain edible film from sago starch using CMC and glycerol. Edible film
processing was carried out by mixing 5% sago starch, and CMC 0.5% w/v and glycerol variation
1- 1.25- 1.5- 1.75- 2- 3.75- (%v/v) at 65-70oC, molded and ovened at 60 o C. The results showed
that increased glycerol concentrations had a significant effect on the characteristics of edible
films obtained. The results of the study obtained the best edible film on glycerol concentration
1.75%, with tensile strength of 3,174 MPa, WVTR 14.911 g/m2/h and elongation of 24.825%.

Keywords: edible film, sago starch, glycerol concentration

Topic: Genetically Modified Foods, Food Safety, and Product Development

177
 [ABS-86]
The effect of processing methods on the quality of soy milk

Riswita Syamsuri (a), Sri Lestari (b)

a) South Sulawesi Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology.

Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan KM 17,5, Makassar
b) Banten Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology.
Jl. Cipta Ciptayasa KM. 01 Ciruas, Serang, Banten

Abstract

One of the most favorable processed soy product in public is soy milk. Various soy milk
processing technologies are used to eliminate the unpleasant taste of soy milk, including soaking
the soybean before grinding, peeling the soybean shells, heating, and flavoring. The objectives of
this study were: 1) to determine the effect of soaking treatment and the use of soybean with and
without skin on the protein content of soy milk- 2) to determine the level of consumer preference
for soy milk by using various processing methods and flavor variants. The study was conducted
using a completely randomized design (CRD) with 3 treatments and 3 replications. The first
treatment is soaking the soybean seeds using hot and cold water. The second treatment is the use
of soybean with and without skin. The third treatment is the use of 3 flavors (vanilla, chocolate
and coffee). The organoleptic test was carried by 25 semi-trained panelists while the acquired
data were analyzed using ANOVA, and if significant difference was found, it will be proceeding
with the DMRT test (95% confidence level). The results showed that the highest protein content
was found in soy milk using immersion processing methods using cold water and without
peeling soybean that is 2.38% while the control was 1.71%. Organoleptic tests for color, aroma,
viscosity, and taste parameters ranged from normal to favorable for all treatments. For the
parameter of unpleasant taste in soy milk, the control sample had the highest level of unpleasant
taste. In term of organoleptic, coffee and chocolate flavor variants is proven to reduce the level
of unpleasant taste of soy milk.

Keywords: soybean skin, unpleasant taste, hot water soaking, soy milk

Topic: Genetically Modified Foods, Food Safety, and Product Development

178
 [ABS-93]
Analysis of physical properties and organoleptic test of instant germinated red rice

Andi Nur Faidah Rahman (a), Rashifa Ramadhani Al-Wahab (a), Nur Rina Abdullah (a)

a) Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University.

Abstract

Red rice is nutritional rice than white rice due to contain low glycemic index and high fiber,
which can help reduce blood LDL concentrations. In addition, germinated red rice more
nutritious than non-germinated rice because contain more fiber, essential amino acid, vitamin,
and antioxidant. However, this rice has hard texture so it requires a long cooking time. Instant
rice is one technique to speed up the cooking process. Instant rice or called quick cooking rice is
processed rice that has been cooked and dried so that it can be stored for a long time, but can be
served in a faster time. The purpose of this research is to analysis physical properties and
organoleptic test of instant germinated and non-germinated red rice. The method use in this
research divided into two stages: first, determining the best condition to make instant germinated
and non-germinated red rice. The second is to analysis of physical properties and organoleptic
test of instant germinated red rice and compared it to instant non-germinated red rice. Statistical
analysis of this study using complete randomized design method with two replications. The
result showed that analysis of physical properties and organoleptic test of instant germinated red
rice is different from instant non-germinated red rice.

Keywords: Germinated rice, instant rice, non-germinated rice

Topic: Genetically Modified Foods, Food Safety, and Product Development

179
 [ABS-131]
The addition of soybean dregs in rangining processing at Banten Province

Sri Lestari (a) and Riswita Syamsuri (b)

a) Banten Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology

Jl. Cipta Ciptayasa KM. 01 Ciruas, Serang, Banten
b) South Sulawesi Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology
Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan KM 17,5, Makassar

Abstract

Rangining is one of the typical foods of Banten Province whose main ingredient is rice flour. In
Banten Province, there are many home industry businesses that process soybeans into soy milk.
The by-product of processed soy milk, namely soybean dregs, is a by-product of processed soy
milk that has not been used optimally. The objectives of this study were: 1) to determine the
effect of adding soybean dregs composition on protein and food fiber of rangining- 2) to
determine the level of consumer preference for rangining soybean dregs. The study was
conducted using a completely randomized design (CRD) with 5 treatments and 3 replications.
The treatments used five different soybean dregs composition: 1) 0 grams- 2) 25 grams- 3) 50
grams- 4) 75 grams- 5) 100 grams. All treatments used the same composition of rice flour and
tapioca flour (250 grams: 125 grams). The levels of protein and food fiber from the rangining
were tested. Organoleptic testing used 30 semi-trained panelists and then the data were analyzed
using ANOVA and if it was significantly different, then continued with the DMRT testing (95%
confidence level). The results showed that in general the addition of soybean dregs composition
could increase levels of protein and food fiber from rangining. The highest protein content was
produced by rangining with the addition of soybean dregs as much as 75 grams (4.57%), higher
than the control (3.53%). Meanwhile, the highest food fiber value was the addition of soybean
dregs of 100 grams (5.65%), higher than the control (3.17%). Organoleptic testing for color and
aroma parameters resulted in significantly different values between all treatments (P <0.05) with
the highest score, namely somewhat like to like. As for the texture and taste parameters, based on
the results of the analysis of variance testing, the values were not significantly different between
all treatments (P> 0.5)

Keywords: food fiber, protein, rangining, soybean dregs

Topic: Genetically Modified Foods, Food Safety, and Product Development

180
 [ABS-137]
Pattern of coconut oil quality during storage

Steivie Karouw (a) dan Budi Santosa (a)

a) North Sulawesi Assestment Institute for Agricultural Technology

Abstract

Coconut oil can be deteriorated by oxidation during storage and formed rancid odor. The
objective of the research is to evaluate coconut oil quality during storage by addition of
tocopherol as antioxidant. The 11-12 months of coconut fruits harvested from Mapanget Tall
coconut are used as raw materials. The oils is extracted by wet method and it was then
formulated by addition of tocopherol as antioxidant on various concentration (0- 0,5- 1,0 and 1,5
% w/v). The oil samples were then storage at room temperature during 2 months and evaluated
for its quality for 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks. The oils are measured for moisture, free fatty acids,
peroxide value and TBA value. The results research showed that, the moisture of coconut oil is
stable during storage with or without antioxidant. Addition of antioxidant affected the free fatty
acid of coconut oil, whereas the oil without antioxidant having free fatty acid compared to others
treated with antioxidant.

Keywords: coconut oil quality, antioxidant, tocopherol

Topic: Genetically Modified Foods, Food Safety, and Product Development

181
 [ABS-143]
Post harvest management in reducing aflatoxin content in nutmeg

Risma Fira Suneth (a*), Wahid (a) and Rosniyati Suwarda (a)

a) Assessment Institusion of Agricultural Technology of Maluku. Jalan Chr. Soplanit Rumah Tiga,
Ambon Indonesia

*rismivira@gmail.com

Abstract

Indonesian nutmeg has aflatoxin levels above European Union standards, namely B1 6.4 - 120 u
/ kg and total aflatoxins of 10.1 - 140 u / kg. Many factors cause Aspergillus flavus
contamination such as mixing old and young nutmeg, sanitation, drying places and storing places
for nutmeg. This study aims to obtain a technology package to reduce aflatoxins in nutmeg. This
study used a completely randomized factorial design with 3 treatment factors, namely: (A1)-
shell-free drying, (A2)- shell-drying, (B1)- combination of liquid smoke + clove leaf flour, (B2)-
Liquid smoke + bitter leaf flour and (C1)- Storage duration of 1 month, (C2) storage duration of
2 months, (C3) storage duration of 3 months, then repeated 3 times. The results showed that the
moisture content of nutmeg with a combination of treatments for each factor with 1 month of
storage was 11.4%, 2 months of storage was 10.2% and 3 months of storage was 11%. Aflatoxin
B1 contamination <3, 86 ug / kg, B2 <1.11 ug / kg- G1 <3, 86 ug / kg and G2 <1.11 ug / kg and
the total aflatoxin was <9.94 ug / kg. The Proximate test shows the test value of fat 32.09,
protein 5.54, carbohydrates 47 and ash 1.46. The test for the presence of negative foreign objects
on the results of treatment of nutmeg seeds with vegetable ingredients. A drying technology
package and the use of vegetable ingredients can be recommended to reduce aflatoxin
contamination.

Keywords: Aflatoxin, Liquid smoke, Nutmeg

Topic: Genetically Modified Foods, Food Safety, and Product Development

182
 [ABS-193]
Characteristics of instant corn rice from three varieties of corn

Payung Layuk (a), Herlina Salamba (a), Meivie Lintang (a)

a) North Sulawesi Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology

Abstract

This study aimed to assess the process of corn kernels into instant corn rice. Corn kernels are
ground into pregelatinized grits by churning for 25 minutes at a temperature of 85-93 0C with a
ratio of grits and water (1: 4) and then dried to become instant corn rice. The results showed that
pregelatinized had an effect on yield and product characteristics such as cooking time, density of
kamba, porosity and level of development. Of the three varieties studied, namely Srikandi
Kuning, Provit A and Manado Kuning, the highest yield of instant corn rice was Manado Kuning
at 78%. Cooking time ranges from 7-10 minutes and the development rate is 110-130%.

Keywords: Corn, Grits, Instant

Topic: Genetically Modified Foods, Food Safety, and Product Development

183
 [ABS-196]
The effect of encapsulant type on physical and chemical characteristics of anthocyanin
extract powder from red dragon fruit hylocereus polyrhizus

Zainal (a*), Amran Laga (b), Heriadi (c)

a) Laboratory of Food Analysis Chemistry and Quality Control, Food Science and Technology,
Hasanuddin University, Makassar, 90245, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
b) Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Biotechnology, Food Science and Technology, Hasanuddin
University, Makassar, 90245, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
c) Master student of Food Science Technology, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, 90245, South
Sulawesi, Indonesia

*zainal@unhas.ac.id

Abstract

Anthocyanin pigment extract from red dragon fruit has the potential to be a natural dye for food
and can be used as an alternative to synthetic dyes that are safer for health. Anthocyanins are
unstable and easily degraded during processing and storage due to the influence of heat, pH,
light, and oxygen. This problem can be overcome by making anthocyanin coloring powders with
encapsulation techniques. This study aims to determine the effect of the type of encapsulant on
the physical and chemical characteristics of anthocyanin extract powder from red dragon fruit.
The encapsulation process of anthocyanin pigment extract uses the freeze-drying method with
the addition of maltodextrin, gum arabic, and a combination of maltodextrin and gum arabic as
an encapsulant. The parameters of the physical and chemical characteristics of the anthocyanin
extract powder analyzed were water content, solubility, color intensity, total anthocyanin
content, and antioxidant activity. The results showed that the anthocyanin extract powder
encapsulated using the freeze-drying method obtained the best results using maltodextrin
encapsulants with the results of the test parameters water content of 5.96%, the solubility of
94.00%, the color intensity of 0.304, total anthocyanin content 31.17 mgCyE/g, and 84.60%
antioxidant activity.

Keywords: Anthocyanin- Encapsulant-Maltodextrin- Gum Arabic- Hylocereus polyrhizus

Topic: Genetically Modified Foods, Food Safety, and Product Development

184
 [ABS-208]
Combination of canvas business model and blue ocean strategy in developing SMEs Pala
Morella Juice

Agung K. Henaulu (a), Sony Ardian (a), Achmad Jais Ely (c)

a) Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Darussalam Ambon, Ambon, 97128,

Indonsesia
b) Politeknik Kelautan dan Perikanan Maluku, Ambon, 97233, Indonesia

Abstract

Abstract. This study aims to formulate and determine business strategies in an effort to develop
SMEs Pala Morella Juice. With the abundance of nutmeg plantations in Leihitu District,
especially in Morella Village, it is a good business opportunity to operated. There have been
several types of the same business using products with the main ingredient being nutmeg,
making the Tomasiwa Village Unit Cooperative as the main manager of the Pala Morella Juice
products need to prepare careful planning to maintain market conditions. Canvas Business Model
(CBM) as a tool that can be applied to restructure business planning. While, the Blue Ocean
Strategy (BOS) is the right business strategy in mapping out competition. The results showed
that Pala Morella Juice needed to plan back its business, among others- 1) making derivatives
from nutmeg juice such as jam 35.7% of the respondents are very necessary, 50.1% of the
statements really need to be made, and 37.5% of the respondents stated that it is very necessary
to produce nutmeg syrup- 2) variations in the taste of nutmeg juice, there are 42.9% of
respondents stated that it really needs to be produced- 3) Ease of sales information must be
reviewed, there are 75% of respondents stated that managers must provide sales information
services, do not expect consumers to notify other potential customers- 4) Discounts of 28.6% of
respondents stated that it is very necessary if the mass sales process (in large quantities). 5)
43.3% of respondents stated that they needed to make other packages such as glass bottles- and
6) Reduce the use of natural preservatives as many as 34.8% of respondents said it is very
necessary.

Keywords: Blue Ocean Strategy, Canvas Business Model, Nutmeg Juice

Topic: Genetically Modified Foods, Food Safety, and Product Development

185
 [ABS-219]
Utilization of gadung flour as a basic material for making instant noodles with the addition
of soybean flour as a source of protein

A.Khairun(a*), Abu Bakar Tawali(b), Meta Mahendratta(b), Nurpratiwi R.(c), M.Darmawan(d)

a) Department of Agriculture Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Gorontalo University

b) Department of Agriculture Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University
c) Departement of Agriculture Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ichsan Gorontalo University
d) Department Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ichsan Gorontalo University

*andikhairunmutia@gmail.com

Abstract

Indonesia is a country that has a high level of consumption of wheat flour-based food products,
but does not yet have the ability to produce national wheat flour to meet total demand so that the
government relies heavily on wheat from abroad. One of the products made from flour wheat
flour is instant noodles. Dependence on wheat flour can be reduced by utilizing local foodstuffs
that come from Indonesia. One of the local ingredients that can be used as a substitute for wheat
flour is the gadung tuber. Gadung tuber is one of the tubers that are widely available and grows
wild in Gorontalo Province. This tuber also has no season for its growing period.
This study aims to produce food products in the form of instant noodles which have high
nutritional content and are accepted by consumers. Formulas made with adding several other
sources of nutrition to obtain instant noodle products with value high nutrition. This study was
designed using a completely randomized design with the treatment of gadung tubers, namely A1
= 240 gr of gadung tuber flour + 10 gr of soybean flour, A2 = 230 gr of gadung tuber flour + 20
gr of soybean flour, A3 = 220 gr of gadung tuber flour + 30 gr. soy flour and A4 = 210 gr
gadung tuber flour + 40 gr soybean flour, each treatment was repeated 3 times. The results
showed that instant noodles with A4 treatment with 210 grams of gadung tuber flour and 40
grams of soybean flour had the best characteristics with water content of 10.54%, protein content
of 9.14%, ash content of 0.37%, carbohydrate content of 68, 15% and HCn at 7.6 ppm.

Keywords: gadung flour, instan noodle, soybean flour, HCn

Topic: Genetically Modified Foods, Food Safety, and Product Development

186
 [ABS-241]
The effect of the use of perkamen paper packaging on the shelf life estimation of bolu
cukke using the Accelerated Shelf Life Testing (ASLT) method

Rindam Latief (a*) Esy Safitry (b)

a) Lecture of Food Science and Technology, Hasanuddin University.

Kompleks Perumahan Dosen UNHAS Blok AC Baru No.14B Tamalanrea, Makassar, 90245
b) Graduates of Food Science and Technology, Hasanuddin University.
BTP Blok AF No.34, Tamalanrea Makassar

*rindamias04@yahoo.com

Abstract

Abstract. Bolu Cukke(gouged cake)is one of the traditional Buginesse food which is easily found
in several areas of Sulawesi, especially in South Sulawesi. Bolu Cukke is sweet in taste and soft
in texture.However, due to the absence of its expiration date,the cake is considered lack in
thefood safety level and quality assurance.This study aims to estimate the shelf life of palm sugar
Bolu Cukke packaged in parchment paper using the Accelerated Shelf Life Testing (ASLT)
method.The critical water content parameters in Bolu Cukke are its aroma and its texture.The
equilibrium moisture content was obtained from six types of saturated salt solution in the
humidity chamber with 7-84% RH. Isothermal sorption curves are obtained by plotting Aw with
equilibrium moisture content (Me) which would be tested using five isothermal sorption equation
designs to obtain the Mean Relative Deviation (MRD) value. The lowest MRD value is 9.2
obtained from Hasley^s Isothermal equation design. All variables were then collected using the
Labuza equation. The results of this study indicated that the estimation of shelf life of Bolu
Cukke products in the parchment paper packaging at 30o C with 78% RH is approximately 7
days.

Keywords: Accelerated Shelf Life Testing (ASLT), Cukke Cake, Parchment paper, Labuza
Shelf Life.

Topic: Genetically Modified Foods, Food Safety, and Product Development

187
 [ABS-306]
Characteristics of simplicia of ginger (Zingiber officinale) and lemongrass (Cymbopogon
citratus) powder by means of different drying method

Khaerunnisa (a), Meta Mahendradatta (b*), Muhammad Asfar (b)

a) Food Science and Technology Master Program, Hasanuddin University, University, 90245, South
Sulawesi, Indonesia
b) Food Science and Technology Study Program, Department of Agricultural Technology, Hasanuddin
University, Makassar, 90245 South Sulawesi, Indonesia

*metamahendradatta@gmail.com

Abstract

This study aimed to produce qualified simplicia of ginger and lemongrass powder by
determination water content, antioxidant activity, and the characteristic of color and aroma. Two
stages of drying were conducted namely conventional method using open-air sun drying and the
oven method with a temperature of 50oC for 24 hours. The method used to determine water
content was based on SNI 01-2891-1992 and antioxidant activity was determine using the
UV.VIS spectrophotometry method. The data were analyzed according to descriptive analysis.
The results indicated that the simplicia content of ginger and lemongrass powder in the oven
drying method resulted in lower moisture content, higher antioxidant activity, stronger aroma
quality and lighter color compared to the conventional drying. The water content of ginger and
lemongrass powder were 6.75% and 7.21% in oven drying, while the conventional methods were
7.25% and 10.15%, respectively. The antioxidant activity of ginger and lemongrass powder in
oven drying was 65.12% and 51.63%, while the conventional methods were 62.41% and
50.05%, respectively. Based on this study, it can be concluded that the simplicia of ginger and
lemongrass powder indicated the better characteristics and quality with the oven drying method
at 50oC for 24 hours compared to the conventional method using open-air sun drying

Keywords: simplicia, ginger, lemongrass, drying, powder.

Topic: Genetically Modified Foods, Food Safety, and Product Development

188
 [ABS-5]
Land suitability for maize on the land system of Baraja in the Karstic low land

R J K Lau (a), R Neswati (a) and C Lopulisa (a)

a) Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Univeritas Hasanuddin, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan
Km.10, Makassar, 90245, Indonesia.

Abstract

Mangarabombang district is the lowest maize producer in the Takalar Regency, which is located
in the karstic low land. In addition to being used as forage, maize also can be used as fuel. This
study aims to present data and information related to the evaluation of land suitability for maize
and to find alternative solutions to the problem of limiting factors to increase and optimize maize
production. The method used is a parametric approach by Khiddir method and a matching
approach. In the parametric approach, each land characteristic will be given a rating (weight)
according to the plant growth requirements, while in the limiting approach, the heaviest limiting
level will be selected as a limiting factor.

Keywords: maize, low land, land sutability

Topic: Geospatial Agriculture

189
 [ABS-12]
Potential landslide-prone areas in the kelara sub-watershed using the analytical hierarchy
process method

N Amin (a), S A Lias (a), and A Ahmad (a)

a) Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia

Abstract

Landslides are one of the geomorphological processes that are active in changing the shape of
the earth^s surface. Landslides have an impact on life and the environment. Therefore, it is very
important to map areas that are potentially prone to landslides in the Kelara Sub-watershed so
that they can minimize the occurrence of landslides in the future. The method used in this
research is the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method and the spatial analysis method. The
results showed that landslides in the Kelara sub-watershed were influenced by the slope of the
slope which had the highest weight with a score of 41% compared to other parameters. The
spread of landslide vulnerability levels is dominated by a moderate level of vulnerability with a
percentage of 51.72% of the total area of the Kelara Sub-watershed. Nearly 50% of residential
areas are currently at medium to high vulnerability levels. The conclusion of this study is that
landslides in the Kelara sub-watershed are influenced by the slope. The level of landslide
vulnerability in the Kelara Sub-watershed is dominated by a moderate level of vulnerability.

Keywords: Landslide, AHP, level of vulnerability

Topic: Geospatial Agriculture

190
 [ABS-14]
Mapping of landslide prone areas as a basis for mitigation in Mungkajang sub-district,
Palopo city, South Sulawesi

F H Priyono (a), Z Chairuddin (a), and S A Lias (a)

a) Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia.

Abstract

Mitigation is an initial step to minimize landslides effect. The purpose of this study is landslide
prone areas map and to identify factors that have a major influence on landslide events. The
research was conducted with survey methods and quantitative descriptive analysis using
landslide susceptibility methods with parameters: rainfall, slope, geology, soil depth, and
management. The analysis used is an overlay of the parameters and weighting. The results
showed areas with vulnerability classes- 1) not vulnerable at 7.29% 2) slightly vulnerable 0.04%
3) somewhat vulnerable 82.74%, 4) vulnerable 9.74% and 5) very vulnerable 0.18%. Parameters
that have a big influence on the incidence of landslides in Palopo city are rainfall, slopes, land
use and geology. Mitigation efforts that can be done are socialization of landslide-prone areas.
Establishment of disaster resilient villages that are responsive and can minimize disaster risk.

Keywords: Mitigation, Palopo, Landslide

Topic: Geospatial Agriculture

191
 [ABS-16]
Mapping of landslide prone areas in the Lisu River Basin Barru Regency based on binary
logistic regression

Imam Gazali Sudarman (a) and Asmita Ahmad (a)

a) Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia

Abstract

Barru Regency Government once issued an emergency response status for floods and landslides
on December 28, 2018. According data from the Barru Regency Regional Disaster Management
Agency, from 2013 to 2019 there were always landslides in the Districts of Tanete Riaja,
Pujananting, Tanete Rilau, and Barru. This area is included in the Lisu Watershed. This will
produce a map of the distribution of landslide prone areas in the Lisu watershed. This study uses
Binary Logistic Regression (BLR) and NDVI (Normalized difference vegetation index) analysis.
The data used are landslide points, soil types, lithology, slopes, land use, rainfall, soil texture,
and distance from the river. 137 landslide points were recorded that were successfully obtained
through field surveys and NDVI image analysis. The research area has a type B climate
according to the Schmidth-Ferguson classification system. The variables of rainfall, land use
class, lithology type, and slope class have a significant effect on regression modeling with
significance values of 0.042, 0.000, 0.003, and 0.000 respectively. Variables of rainfall, distance
from the river, slope class, lithology type, and land use class have a significant effect on
regression modeling. Landslides occur on slopes from a rather steep to very steep slopes. A total
of 60 landslides occurred in the Camba Formation. A total of 93 landslides occurred in the scrub
land use class. Landslide prone areas with a slightly hazardous class covering an area of 4386
hectares, 4031 hectares of prone, and 4275 hectares of very prone areas which are generally
scattered in the southern region of the Lisu River Basin.

Keywords: Landslide, Binary Logistic Regression, Lisu Watershed, Barru

Topic: Geospatial Agriculture

192
 [ABS-273]
The potential of Sago as a local food ingredient to support food security in South Konawe

Dewi Nurhayati Yusuf (a), Asniah (a), Muhidin (a) and Gusti Ayu Kade Sutariati (a)

a) Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Halu Oleo University.

Abstract

Southeast Sulawesi is one of Indonesia^s regions with several specific plants, including the sago
plant. Sago is a portion of typical food for people in Southeast Sulawesi, especially in mainland
areas such as Konawe, Konawe Selatan, Konawe Utara, Kolaka, and Kolaka Timur. In Southeast
Sulawesi, the sago plantation area has decreased sharply from the original site of 13,706 hectares
to around 5,912 hectares. The depreciation of the sago planting area is thought to have been
caused by converting land use from sago to rice fields, settlements, and other benefits.
Although sago has many uses and advantages and can support and support food security, it faces
severe problems in its cultivation due to narrowing the sago planting area and decreasing its
production potential. This study aims to identify the distribution of the potential regions for sago
growth in Konawe Selatan Regency through spatial analysis techniques for land cover using
Landsat-8 satellite imagery. From the results of spatial analysis, it was found that there is a
potential sago plantation area to be developed in Konawe Selatan Regency, which reaches 5,873
ha. The largest site of sago is in North Moramo, Benua, Anggata, and Andolo Barat Districts.
This area is the main center for sago processing in Konawe Selatan Regency.

Keywords: Sago, spatial analysis, Konawe Selatan

Topic: Geospatial Agriculture

193
 [ABS-19]
Modification of land requirements (soil and climate) for specific growth of Pepper (Piper
nigrum L) in East Luwu Regency

M S Rusmin (a), C Lopulisa (a), and Rismaneswati (a)

a) Departement of Soil Science Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia.

Abstract

Efforts to increase the productivity of the pepper plant in East Luwu Regency as a leading
plantation commodity efficiently can be done through the development of the pepper commodity
on suitable lands to achieve optimal productivity. The existing land suitability criteria for pepper
plants are still general in nature, so it is necessary to develop land requirements for pepper plants
that are more site-specific. The land suitability criteria for modified pepper plants are based on
the Center for Agricultural Land Resources Development and Research. This study aims to
modify the land suitability criteria for specific locations in East Luwu Regency. The method
used in determining the range of land suitability criteria is the deductive method and the
determination of the location points is done by purposive sampling technique, namely at
locations with high, medium, and low pepper production. The results showed that the range of
location climatic characteristics criteria, among others, rainfall (mm)> 2.000 was classified as S1
(very suitable), <2.000 and >3.000 were classified as unsuitable (N). The daily mean temperature
of 22.6-32.1ºC was classified as very suitable (S1) and> 34ºC was classified as unsuitable (N).
The characteristics of the landscape and soil include 3-8% slope, good and moderate drainage,
medium texture, slightly fine and fine, coarse fragments <5%, soil depth> 100 cm, pH H2O 5.6-
<6 and C- organic> 1.9% is classified as very suitable (S1), while slope> 30% with very
inhibited and fast drainage, coarse texture, coarse fragments> 5%, soil depth <50 cm, pH H2O
<5.2 and> 8.0, with content c-organic <0.4% is classified as unsuitable (N). The land suitability
criteria modified from the criteria by the BBSDLP include daily mean temperature (ºC), annual
rainfall (mm), coarse fragment (%), soil depth (cm), pH (H2O), C-organic (%), and slope (%)

Keywords: land suitability criteria, land characteristics, pepper, specific location, East Luwu

Topic: Geospatial Agriculture

194
 [ABS-22]
Analysis of land productivity based on soil fertility in cocoa plantation

Anni Nur Rafiqah (a), Burhanuddin Rasyid (b), Rismaneswati (a)

a) Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, UniversitasHasanuddin, Makasssar, 90245,

Indonesia.
b) Laboratory of Chemical and Soil Fertility, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makasssar,
90245, Indonesia.

Abstract

Abstract. Potential areas for the development of certain commodities can be determined by using
the index value of land productivity. This study aims to analyze the land productivity of
Campalagian District based on the level of soil fertility for the development of cocoa plants. The
quantitative research method uses the Storie equation in determining the value of land
productivity index. Determination of observation points based on purposive sampling method.
Soil properties determined in the field and in the laboratory, including: slope, effective depth,
texture, pH, C-Organic, N-Total, P2O5, CEC, and the number of interchangeable bases. The
results of the analysis of the land productivity index of Campalagian Subdistrict are classified as
bad to good, with land productivity index values ranging from 13.89 to 51.37, with limiting
factors namely slope, effective depth, texture, C-Organic, and N-Total.

Keywords: land productivity index, cocoa, Campalagian District, Storie

Topic: Geospatial Agriculture

195
 [ABS-283]
Existence of paddy fields in Makassar city as a part of green open space: Ecological
perspective on urban farming

CWB Yanti (a,b), A Ala (b), NE Dungga (b), S Arif (c)

a) Agricultural Science, Graduate School of Hasanuddin University, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan KM 10,
Makassar, South Sulawesi, 90245, Indonesia.
b) Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan
KM 10, Makassar, South Sulawesi, 90245, Indonesia.
c) Department of Geophysics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Hasanuddin University, Jl.
Perintis Kemerdekaan KM 10, Makassar, South Sulawesi, 90245, Indonesia.

Abstract

Paddy fields are part of urban green open space which is now rarely found in big cities because it
has been converted into built-up land. This study aims to study the existence of paddy fields in
Makassar City in 2019 and to review their ecological function in CO2 absorption. Spatial
analysis using the GIS method was used to map paddy fields that are still productive in 2019 in
Makassar City. Analysis of CO2 uptake from the rice cultivation in this urban paddy fields was
carried out using allometric equations. Mapping results show that recently, there are 1,461.47
hectares of paddy fields in Makassar City. These paddy fields are spread across seven districts,
namely Tamalate, Rappocini, Tallo, Panakukkang, Manggala, Biringkanaya and Tamalanrea.
Makassar City must provide a minimum of 5,273 ha of green open space. The existence of this
paddy field contributes about 8.31% of the total minimum required green open space (30%) for
Makassar City. The paddy fields in Makassar City, planted with rice as much as one to two times
a year, will be able to absorb CO2 in the range of 5,766.38 to 10,154 tons per year. Thus, the
existence of paddy fields in urban areas needs to be maintained to improve the quality of the
urban environment

Keywords: paddy fields, urban green open space, CO2 absorption

Topic: Geospatial Agriculture

196
 [ABS-289]
Low-altitude drone based imagery for rice productivity estimation

Daniel Useng (a*), Christaldo W (a), Salengke (a)

a) Dept. od Agric. Engineering, Hasanuddin University, Indonesia

*daniel.useng@agri.unhas.ac.id

Abstract

As the staple food of many countries in the world, rice paddy have been grown in many regions
with different climatic and environmental conditions. The major problem in rice growing in
tropical regions is the productivity that considered low compared to the potential yiels expected.
This problem is due to many regulating factors such as low input of fertilizers and pest and
diseases infestations. Monitoring the crop conditions during the planting seasons can be used to
estimate the potential yield expected at the end of the season. Crop imaging using the
conventional camera (RGB) offer an important tools in precicting the crop conditions as well as
the potetential yield of the crop. This research using the drone based imagery to monitor the
ricecrop condition to predict the croop yield during the rainy season (August-November) in
South Sulawesi - Indonesia. The crop yield is predicted using some vegetation indices (VI)
developed based on the digital numbers of RGB images. The result shows that some Vegetation
Indices such as RGBVI (Red Green Blue Vegetation Index) and ExG (Excess Green)and others
shows good correlations with crop yields especially on the images acquired around the maximum
growth of the crop, i.e at 75 days after planting.

Keywords: Drone, Rice, Vegetation Index, RGB image

Topic: Geospatial Agriculture

197
 [ABS-295]
Land use conflict of lands in the national strategic area of Mamminasata scope of the
region of Maros District

A M Putra (a), Z Chairuddin (a), S Baja (a)

a) Department of Soil Science , Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia.

Abstract

The increase in population has resulted in struggles for the use of space or land in strategic areas,
such as what happened in Maros Regency in the Makassar, Maros, Sungguminasa, and Takalar
National Strategic Areas (KSN Mamminasata). This study aims to identify existing rice fields in
Maros Regency based on spatial data, map existing rice fields in Maros Regency that have the
potential to change functions, assess potential conflicts in rice fields use in Maros Regency. The
rice field land use map which is the basis of this study is interpreted and overlaid with the spatial
pattern map of the RTRW of Maros Regency and the spatial pattern map is overlapped with the
zoning map of sustainable agricultural food land (LP2B) to get an overview of potential land use
conflicts that can occur and find potential conflicts in the government regulatory sector. From
these maps, a field review was conducted to determine the actual conditions of land use as well
as interviews with farmers using a purposive sampling questionnaire method to determine land
use preferences for the land they currently manage. Data from the results of questionnaires and
field reviews are then tabulated in typology to describe the distribution of potential land use
conflicts. The results showed that the existing rice fields in Maros Regency were spread over
twelve sub-districts that were included in the Mamminasata KSN with an area of 23,736.39 ha.
There are 207.26 ha of rice fields located in residential areas that are included in the LP2B and
LCP2B zoning. Owners of paddy fields whose land is located in residential areas have different
preferences for the use of their land, so that spatial pattern directions cannot be fully
implemented.

Keywords: Land use, Conflict, Mamminasata, Maros

Topic: Geospatial Agriculture

198
 [ABS-183]
Strategic actions planning to enhance sustainable shallot production based on land
suitability analysis and specific agronomic practices in Samosir Regency

Delima Napitupulu (a), Sri Endah Nurzannah (a) and Deddy Romulo Siagian (a)

a) Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology of North Sumatera

Abstract

Samosir Regency is one of the highest regency of shallot producers in North Sumatera Province.
Approximately 255 ha of its harvested area produces 1,976.8 ton or contributes 12.1% for
provincial level. The increase of consumption and industrial demand force regencial government
to raise shallot production. On the other side, the two critical information about land suitability
and agronomic practices for shallot were limited. Thus, this study was arranged to determine
some strategic actions planning based on land suitability analysis and some specific agronomic
practices for developing sustainable shallot production. The field survey and soil analysis were
conducted to gain the goals by supporting of Geographical Information System (GIS) and
Evaluation System of Land Suitability tools. The results show that about 47,789 ha (38.65%) of
Samosir Regency suitable for shallot which is grouped in S3 level (Low Suitable)- with some
limiting factors such as nutrient retention, nutrient availability, and erosion hazard. While, about
75,839 ha (61.35%) of the rest area was grouped in N level (Not Suitable) means grouped as an
unproductive area for shallot growth- with some limited factors such as root crop and erosion
hazard. Some strategic actions to improve the land quality are giving organic and chemical
fertilizer, applying agricultural lime to stabilize soil pH and increase Cation Exchange Capacity
(CEC), and doing conservation technique on the steep area by building terrace. Furthermore,
information about the specific agronomic practices for shallot, starting from seedling treatment
to harvesting process, is disseminated as well. These promising strategies can be used to achieve
sustainable shallot production in Samosir Regency.

Keywords: land suitability, gis, agronomic practices, shallot, samosir regency

Topic: Geospatial Agriculture

199
 [ABS-187]
Predicting the impact of land-use changes on soil erosion rates in three small sub-
catchments of Larona Catchment

Mahmud Achmad (a), Samsuar (a), Mahatma Lanuru (b), Husnul Mubarak (a)

a) Department of Agricultural Engineering Faculty of Agriculture, UNHAS, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan

KM 10 Makassar 90245, Indonesia
b) Department of Marine Science Faculty of Marine Sciences and Fisheries, UNHAS, Jl. Perintis
Kemerdekaan KM 10 Makassar 90245, Indonesia

Abstract

This study aims to predict the amount of soil erosion in the three sub-catchments of Larona
Catchment which are Larona, Balambano, and Karebbe sub-catchments. The USLE method is
used to predict soil erosion rates in the year of 2009 and 2015 by using rainfall data of 13 rainfall
stations, soil maps, DEM data for generating LS factors, Landsat 8 Images, and land use maps to
create CP factors. Four thematic maps (R, K, LS, and CP) were overlaid and clustered using
ArcGIS 10.4. The results show that soil erosion rates in the period of 6 years have change in the
three sub-catchments. Erosion rate in Larona sub-catchment slightly increased from 43.092 tons
in 2009 to 50.982 tons in 2015. In Balambano and Karebbe sub-catchments, the value of erosion
rate increased dramatically during the period. Total erosion for both sub-catchments in 2015
become 5 to 7 times of the total erosion in the year of 2009. The increased sediment yields in the
three cascade-reservoirs in Larona Catchment were caused by the change of land-use and land
cover which are mostly the result of increasing agricultural activities and not only as a result of
mining development.

Keywords: land-use change, Larona Catchment, soil erosion, USLE

Topic: Geospatial Agriculture

200
 [ABS-213]
The use of phenology attributes derived from PROBA-V 100m NDVI imagery in mapping
of peanut crops in Queensland, Australia

Haerani haerani (a*), Armando Apan (b), Badri Basnet (b)

a) Agricultural Engineering Department, Universitas Hasanuddin, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan km. 10,
Makassar, 90245, Indonesia
b) School of Civil Engineering and Surveying, University of Southern Queensland, West Street,
Toowoomba, 4350, Australia

*haerani@agri.unhas.ac.id

Abstract

Mapping of peanut crops will support the estimation of their production in securing the market
stability of this commodity. Advances in recent development of satellite technologies provide
many benefits for crop area estimation, especially in terms of capturing changes over time in a
particular area, reducing cost, and increasing time effectiveness. PROBA-V satellite has a spatial
resolution of 100m, which is an intermediary spatial resolution between high spatial resolution
imagery (e.g. 30m resolution of Landsat) and low spatial resolution imagery (e.g. 250m
resolution of MODIS). Each crop has its unique phenology which describes crop^s development
stages over the growth period. Time-series data has the ability to capture this crop phenology,
which is useful in discriminating crops with similar spectral behavior. With a study area in South
Burnett, Queensland, Australia, the objective of this study was to examine the use of phenology
attributes derived from PROBA-V 100m NDVI imagery in classifying peanut crops. The
phenological parameters of PROBA-V NDVI time-series dataset was produced by employing
TIMESAT program. The parameters were classified using Maximum Likelihood Classification
(MLC), Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM), and Minimum Distance Classification (Min) algorithms.
The study results show that MLC outperformed other algorithms, with overall accuracy of
79.53%. In general, MLC algorithm also gave good results of producer and user accuracies of
each classified class, i.e. >70%, except for mungbean class which had a producer accuracy of
52%. In relation to peanut class, all classification algorithms provide good results of producer
and user accuracies, i.e. >75%. The highest producer accuracy of peanut class was provided by
MLC, i.e. 87.93%, while the highest user accuracy of peanut class was provided by SAM, i.e.
90.91%. This study has successfully mapped peanut crops by using phenology attributes derived
from PROBA-V imagery.

Keywords: PROBA-V, crop mapping, phenology, time-series, peanuts

Topic: Geospatial Agriculture

201
 [ABS-217]
Correlation image drone of palm oil distribution with the potential of CO2 uptake PT.
Unggul Widya Teknologi Lestari Pasangkayu Regency, West Sulawesi

Golindira Randa (a), Laode Asrul (b), Rafiuddin (a)

a) Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia

b) Graduate School, Hasanuddin University, Indonesia

Abstract

The potential for CO2 uptake in oil palm which is supported by the presence of solar radiation
reception space can support the photosynthesis process to take place properly. This study aims to
show the correlation between the results of identifying the distribution of oil palm through aerial
photographs, namely drones and the potential for CO2 absorption. The potential for CO2 uptake
in oil palms for five samples of planting years is viewed from the aspect of canopy projection
space density, cropping patterns and spacing. In general, the five samples of oil palm planting
years apply a triangular cropping pattern with a spacing of 9 m x 9 m. The canopy projection for
the 2017 planting year, it shows that oil palm plants are still at a distance from one another
because the canopy is still short, in the 2011 planting year it shows the canopy projection that has
touched each other but there is still room for receiving solar radiation that can occur evenly so
that between the two planting years This CO2 potential uptake more dominant comes from the
atmosphere. Oil palms in the planting years 2005, 2003 and 1997 show a mutually contrasting
canopy projection between the oil palms so that even though the space for receiving solar
radiation is small, the potential for CO2 uptake is greater because apart from being obtained from
the atmosphere, it can also be obtained from understorey plants and organs decomposed plants.
Based on this study concluded that the higher the density of the distribution of palm oil makes
large the potential uptake of CO2 emissions. It is hoped that the identification of the potential for
CO2 absorption in oil palm can use a multi-spectral drone as an aerial photo facility.

Keywords: Oil palm, uptake of CO2, drones

Topic: Geospatial Agriculture

202
 [ABS-237]
Arabica coffee land suitability with a parametric approach based on square root

Nirmala Juita (a), Ifayanti Ridwan (b), Rihul Jannah KL(a), A Asri Mulyani Parahyanti (a)

a) Department of soil science, faculty of agriculture, Universitas Hasanuddin. Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan
km.10, Makassar, 90245, Indonesia
b) Department of Agronomy, faculty of agriculture, Universitas Hasanuddin. Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan
km.10, Makassar, 90245, Indonesia

Abstract

Arabica coffee is one of the most popular drinks by people in various countries. Coffee
production is able to become a source of state income, especially Arabica coffee which has good
export competitiveness. Therefore, an assessment of the suitability of land, especially Arabica
coffee, needs to be carried out to estimate the extent to which land in Bantaeng Regency is
suitable for Arabica coffee plants. The method used in this land suitability assessment is square
root. Determination of the research location point is based on land use, especially coffee plants.
The results showed that the land suitability class at all profile observation points was N1 (not
suitable at this time) with the factors of soil depth, soil pH, calcium carbonate and salinity. The
limiting factor for soil depth is difficult to repair, while the soil pH which is so high due to the
presence of calcium carbonate which is also high enough for Arabica coffee can be repaired by
providing sulfur. Salinity improvement efforts can be made by reclamation.

Keywords: arabica, coffee, square root, bantaeng

Topic: Geospatial Agriculture

203
 [ABS-260]
The strength of xylosandrus compactus (Eichhoff) (Coleoptera:curculionidae, scolytinae),
attack Arabica Coffee variety side grafting robusta in the dry season

Sulaeha Sulaeha (a*), Nurariaty Agus (a), Musdalifah (a), Syahruni Thamrin (b), and Melina
Melina (a)

a) Deptement Plant Pest and Desease, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Hasanuddin, Jl. Perintis
Kemerdekaan KM.10 Tamalanrea, Makassar, Indonesia.
b) Pangkep State Polytechnic of Agriculture, Manddale, Pangkep, South of Sulawesi, Indonesia

*sulaeha_t@yahoo.com

Abstract

The black twig borer, Xylosandrus compactus (Eichhoff) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), is one of the
few ambrosia beetles that infest healthy plants is a serious pest of coffee. The objective of this
study is to determine the intensity of X.compact attacks during the dry season. The results of the
analysis of the intensity of the coffee branch borer (X.s compactus) attack on coffee plants in
Bonto Tenga village, Sinjai Borong sub-district, Sinjai district were included in the mild
category valued at 9.68%, however, the area of the pest attack was quite high at 41.67%. so that
if this pest is not suppressed it can cause high yield loss and even the coffee plant cannot grow
again due to serious attacks. The mean number of holes drilled per observation was 0.52 and the
mean length was X. compact,0.91 cm. That pest attack intensity which is included in this mild
category can be caused by several factors, namely humidity and rainfall, shade plants,
differences in clones (genetic factors), and the application of side grafting technology.

Keywords: Holes drilled, side grafting technology, The black twig borer, Xylosandrus
compactus

Topic: Integrated Pest and Disease Management

204
 [ABS-262]
Foliar application of biosilica fertilizer reduces fall armywarm damage and increased
maize production

Evawaty S. Ulina (a), Vina D. Manurung (a), Muainah Hasibuan (a), and Lely Z. Nasution (a)

a) North Sumatra Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology, IAARD, Ministry of Agriculture,
Indonesia

Abstract

The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith, is a new main pest in Indonesian
corn plantation. The considerable economic losses caused by this pest, farmers always using
chemical insecticides to control them. Since chemical pesticide have several side effects, it is
necessary to develop another alternative to FAW management. The aim of this study was to
investigate the efficacy of biosilica fertilizer against FAW incidence, damage in corn plants, and
its effect on maize production. A factorial experiment was arranged in two factors, first factor
was biosilica doses with varied doses of 1, 2, and 3 l/ha- second factor was number of
application at 1, 2, and 3 times. The results demonstrated that application of biosilica fertilizer 2
- 3 l/ha as foliar spray three times starting from 10 days after growing reduced the fall armyworm
infestation significantly as compared to control treatment. No significant differences were
observed in the vegetative characteristics of corn plants, i.e height and number of leaves, in
response to doses and application number of biosilica. Applicatio of biosilica 2 - 3 l/ha improved
the yield attributing characters of corn plant and increased the production as compared to other
treatments including control treatment. We conclude that biosilica fertilizer can used as an
alternative for FAW management.

Keywords: Spodoptera frugiperda, Zea mays, silicon

Topic: Integrated Pest and Disease Management

205
 [ABS-263]
The response of interest of fruit flies zeugodacus cucurbitae (Diptera: Tephritidae) to the
methanol fraction of the bioactive compounds of the cucurbit plant.

Sulaeha Sulaeha (a*), Arinana Arinana (b), Yani Maharani (c) and Murni Indarwatmi (d)

a) Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Hasanuddin, Jl. Perintis kemerdekaan KM. 10 Tamalanrea,

Makassar, South of Sulawesi, Indonesia
b) Faculty of Forestry and Enviromental, IPB University, Bogor, 16680,West Jawa, Indonesia
c) Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjajaran (UNPAD) , jl-. Raya Bandung-Sumedang, 21 KM,
Jatinangor, Sumedang District, West Java, Indonesia
d) Center for Isotope and Radiation Application, National Nuclear Energy Agency. Jl. Lebak Bulus Raya
no 49 Lebak Bulus, Jakarta 12440, Indonesia

*sulaeha_t@yahoo.com

Abstract

Plant semiochemicals play an important role in the search process and host acceptance by
insects. The presence of complex volatiles in plants may be used for the purpose of integrated
pest management. The objective of this study was to detect the response of Zeugodacus
cucurbitae fruit flies of different ages to the chemical compounds of host plants using methanol
as a solvent. The results showed that the olfactometer test on the response of Z. cucurbitae fruit
fly attraction to plant bioactive compounds through the Methanol fraction, the fastest and longest
response was found in the methanol fraction of leaves and bitter melon fruit 23 minutes 2
seconds and the lowest was in the methanol fraction of cucumber leaves 14 minutes 24 seconds.
The attraction response was based on the age of the females of the fruit fly aged 1-2 days,
females aged 8-10 days after copulation, and females after egg-laying. The highest response of
interest in the olfactometer was found in female fruit flies aged 8-10 days (post-copulation and
pre-oviposition) on luffa, bitter guard and cucumber plants.

Keywords: bioactive compound, Olfactometers, volatile, Zeugodacus cucurbitae

Topic: Integrated Pest and Disease Management

206
 [ABS-269]
Arthropod diversity and population of corn stem borer ostrinia furnacalis guenee in maize
Zea Mays L. Endophytes

I D Daud (a), Fatahuddin (a), Melina (a), A S Hadiwijaya (a), Ardianto (a)

a) Department of Plants Pests and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Makassar,
South Sulawesi 90245, Indonesia

Abstract

Corn Zea mays L. is a strategic commodity that plays an important role in the development of
agriculture and the Indonesian economy because corn has a multipurpose function that can be
used for food and feed purposes. Obstacles in maize cultivation that cause low maize
productivity include the attack of pests by plant pests. The use of entomopathogenic fungi as
endophytes is an alternative to chemical insecticides but can also be used to increase or decrease
the use of fertilizers. The research has been carried out at the Department of Food Crops and
Horticulture Agriculture, Bontomarannu District, Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi, and the
Laboratorium of Plant Pests and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University.
Observation of larvae population of O. furnacalis was started when the plant was 35 days after
planting (DAP) by observing the presence of grinding marks on the leaves and stalks of corn.
The larvae found in the field are reared in the laboratory. Arthropod exploration in the field used
4 methods, namely visual observation, pitfall traps, yellow traps and using nets.The results
obtained in this study were the arthropods found in the land of endophytic maize using the pitfall
trap method, found as many as 48 insects. Using a net, 150 insects were found. Using the yellow
trap, 243 insects were found and with visual observation found as many as 95 insects. The
number of larvae of O. furnacalis infected with the fungus B. bassiana in corn female parents
was 20 with an infection percentage of 83.3% and 11 male parents with an infection percentage
of 91.7%.

Keywords: arthropods, maize, Ostrinia furnacalis, Beauveria bassiana

Topic: Integrated Pest and Disease Management

207
 [ABS-276]
Entomopathogen beauveria bassiana as an environmentally friendly alternative for control
of brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens) and rice black bug (Scotinophara coarctata)

Sri Kurniawati (a), Pepi Nur Susilawati (a), Yati Astuti (a), Eka Yuli Susanti (a) and Yusup
Sopian Hidayat (a)

a) BPTP Banten

Abstract

The limiting factors for rice production include the presence of brown plant hopper (BP) and
Rice Black bug (RBB). The use of entomopathogen fungi such as Beauveria bassiana to control
these pests has been reported to be quite effective and has other advantages, namely being
friendly to the environment. This study aims to determine the potential of B. bassiana in
controlling BP and RBB. The research was conducted in January-July 2018 in Pulo Kencana
Village, Pontang District, Serang Regency, Banten Province on irrigated rice fields. The
environmental design used is a split plot design with B. bassiana application treatment, chemical
control based on pest populations with 50% active ingredient propoxur and farmer control
technology (pesticide mixture intervals). Each treatment consisted of 2 varieties Mekongga and
Inpari 33 varieties, repeated 6 replications. The test of farmers^ preferences for B. bassiana
application technology was carried out on 30 respondents and then analyzed descriptively. The
results showed that the population of BP and RBB was generally lower in the existing chemical
treatment of farmers. The pest preference was lower in Inpari 33 variety. Furthermore, the
production in the B. bassiana application was 12.06-24.48% lower than the existing and
controlled chemical control of farmers. Meanwhile, farmers^ preference for B. bassiana
application is 31.93% and chemical control is 40.76%.

Keywords: Beauveria bassiana, Brown Planthopper, Entomopathogen, Rice Black Bug

Topic: Integrated Pest and Disease Management

208
 [ABS-27]
Production of chitinase enzyme by Beauveria bassiana against Tribolium castaneum

Muslimin Sepe (a,b), Itji Diana Daud (c), Ahdin Gassa (c), Firdaus (d)

a) Program of Agriculture, Graduate School, Hasanuddin University, Indonesia

b) Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Gorontalo Ichsan University, Indonesia
c) Department of Plant Pests and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Indonesia
d) Departement of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Hasanuddin University,
Indonesia

Abstract

Beauveria bassiana is one of the microorganisms that produce the enzyme chitinase. Chitinase
has a high economic value which is widely used as a biocontrol agent because it can degrade
chitin into an environmentally friendly product. The aims of this study was to investigate the
production of chitinase by B. bassiana isolate in the presence of the cuticle of T. castaneum. In
this study, the isolates of B. bassiana were cultured into potato dextrose agar. Further isolation,
purification, and determination of the activity of chitinase. The results show that chitinase can be
obtained from B. bassiana isolate derived from T. castaneum by using chitin colloidal substrate.
The highest average specific activity of chitinase originates from isolated B. bassiana was 1
Unit/mg. Protein test using standard BSA solution and Lowry method obtained reading results
with a spectrophotometer that was r = 0,9925.

Keywords: Beuveria bassiana- Biocontrol agent- Enzyme Chitinase- Tribolium castaneum

Topic: Integrated Pest and Disease Management

209
 [ABS-285]
The diversity of arthropods in two rice plantation system legowo at Takalar Regency

Rezky Surya (a) Fatahuddin (a) Itji Diana Daud (a)

a) Department of Plant Pest and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Makassar
90245, Indonesia

Abstract

The research objective was to determine the diversity of arthropods in the Legowo 2: 1 and
Legowo 4: 1 systems of rice cultivation. The research was carried out from May to August 2019
at farmers^ rice fields in Polombangkeng Utara District, Takalar Regency and the Pest
Laboratory, Department of Pests and Plant Diseases, Hasanuddin University Faculty of
Agriculture. The rice varieties used were Ciherang which was planted in two separate rice fields
using the Legowo 2: 1 and Legowo 4: 1 system. Observations were made using the ubinan
system starting at the age of 21 DAS to 84 DAS with an observation interval of 7 days. The
samples were taken by using used vacuum pump. The observations obtained when the rice plants
were 21 and 28 DAS, namely that there were no insect pests in the two cropping systems. The
highest insect pest population in the Legowo 2: 1 system was found when rice plants were 70
DAS from for 13 tails which are from genus: Leptocorisa, Nephotettix, Valanga, Nymphula and
Scirpophaga. The highest insect pest population (22 individuals) was found in the Legowo 4: 1
system when the rice was 84 DAS with the same genus as that found in Legowo 2: 1. The
highest population of predatory arthropods was spiders and was found to be the highest at 56
DAS (13 tails) in the Legowo 2: 1 system. At the age of 56 DAS, the highest number of
arthropods (22 individuals) was found in the 4:1 Legowo system rice plants. The highest
parasitoid populations of genus Stenobracon and Xanthopimpla were found in the Legowo
system 2:1 at 49 DAS (4 individuals). The highest population of genus parasitoids: Stenobracon,
Temelucha, Brachymeria, Pedicia and Argyrophylax in the 4:1 Legowo system was found at 77
DAS (6 individuals). Yields on rice planting using the Legowo 2:1 system were higher (5.6
tons/ha) compared to Legowo 4:1 (5.1 tons/ha).

Keywords: Rice, Legowo 2:1- Legowo 4:1- Predator- Parasitoid

Topic: Integrated Pest and Disease Management

210
 [ABS-36]
The impact of maize weevil attacks on corn commodity and its danger upon food safety and
health

Ayyub Arrahman (a) and M. Sudjak Saenong (a)

a) Indonesian Cereals Research Institute Company

Abstract

Maize Weevil had high ability in damaging corn kernels within storage process. Maize Weevil
attack caused storage materials quality and quantity decrease, even the damage might reach 85%
and quality decrease until 17%. The attack resulted in dirt on the corn since there were so many
feces and webbing of such insects. Feces and webbing are dirt in form of feces (insects
excrement) and webbing (pieces of dead insect body) which mixed with each other so that the
quality of the corn would decrease, cause an unpleasant smell, and even destroyed the taste of the
crops. In the end it would decrease corn market value. Dirt on food would cause microorganism
to grow and risk the food safety and health, either for human or livestock health. There were
many toxin poisoning cases due to microorganism (mycotoxin) which grew on the food and
caused death- for example which happened in India 1974 with 397 victims, 108 of them were
died- also the case in Kenya 1982 and Uganda. In Indonesia this similar case also occurred in
Lampung 2011 and in Central Java 2009 which caused 3 people died and 6 people in critical
condition after they consumed oncom or soy pulp, while in 2012 similar case also occurred in
Cirebon District with 9 victims. Supported by the fact that Indonesia was in tropical and moist
condition, temperature of 27-40C (80-104F) and relative humidity 85%, it was conducive for
such dangerous mycotoxin to grow. There were many kinds of mycotoxin resulted by
contamination of microorganism, such as aflatoxin, zearalenone, trichothecenes, ochratoxin, and
patuiin which were produced by many kinds of fungus. Nevertheless, the most frequent
poisonous fungus to human and livestock came from genus Aspergillus, Penicillium dan
Fusarium. The most known for being dangerous was aflatoxin. It was secondary metabolite,
bofuran, nonpolar, stable towards hot, and resistant to physical or chemical treatment.

Keywords: Impact of Attack, Maize Weevil, Food Safety, Health

Topic: Integrated Pest and Disease Management

211
 [ABS-297]
The incidence and severity of major diseases on Siamese Malangke Citrus (Citrus nobilis)
in West Malangke District, North Luwu Regency, South Sulawesi

T Kuswinanti (a*), B Patandjengi (a), M Faried (b) and S Laban (c)

a) Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Universtas Hasanuddin, Makassar, 90245

b) Department of Agronomy, Universtas Hasanuddin, Makassar, 90245
c) Study Program of Soil Science Faculty of Agriculture, Universtas Hasanuddin, Makassar, 90245

Abstract

North Luwu Regency was once the center of Siamese citrus in Indonesia with an area of 21,615
ha. The production and productivity in 1999 respectively 86,732 tones or equivalent of 21.89
t/ha. However, the presence of Citrus Vein Phloem Degeneration (CVPD) and root- and stem rot
diseases, the productivity was decreased significantly, and finally in 2005 the Siamese citrus
plantations in North Luwu was destroyed. Various technological innovations that were applied to
restore the success of siem malangke citrus plantation i.e. indexing of main diseases in the citrus
plantation, determining pilot gardens, production and application of biopesticides,
biodecomposers and designing tree architecture. The observation showed that the intensity of
CVPD was quite high in the two villages surveyed, namely 55.24% in Pengkajoang Village and
58.70% in Waelawi Village. Validation of the causal agent of CVPD was carried out by
molecular analysis using specific primers OI and OI2c resulted an amplicon in size of 1160 bp.
The analysis was carried out in the laboratory Molecular Biology of the Research and
Development Center in Malang, East Java. Typical symptoms of CVPD disease are the leaves
become yellow, bones of leaves dark green, the leaves become more rigid and thicker than the
healthy leaves and small. While the fruits becomes small and hard. Basal stem rot was only
found in the citrus plantation of Waelawi village, with an incidence of up to 90%, while the
severity varies between 45% and 58%. The plants infected with Botryodiplodia theobromae
became dry, accompanied by the release of gummosis in the form of a golden yellow liquid on
the stems, branches or twigs of citrus plants. While root- and stem rot diseases caused by
Phytophthora sp. were only found in Waelawi village with a low incidence ranging from 11.45%
to 21.62%, but the intensity reached 60.15%. Phytophthora causes a slow decline of the tree,
especially in new plantings. The leaves turn light green or yellow and may

Keywords: Citrus, CVPD, Phytophthora citrophthora, Botryodiplodia theobromae

Topic: Integrated Pest and Disease Management

212
 [ABS-46]
The important role of using resistant varieties in handling powder beetle pests

M.Sudjak Saenong (a)

a) Maros Research Institute for Cereal Crops

Abstract

This paper attemps to discuss the important role of using resistant varieties in handling powder
beetle pests. This paper discusses 1) the limitations of resistant varieties, resistance properties,
and mechanisms of resistance to powder pests, 2) reviewing several types of research in the
search for sources of resistance through assembling varieties, forming populations of resistant
gene sources, improving genotypes through the formation of lines/families, screening lines
against insect infestations, finding sources of resistance through assembling and screening
varieties/lines. This paper is expected to provide useful information in the context of developing
science and technology, especially in handling problems related to insect infestation of powdered
beetle pests and technology for utilizing resistant varieties. Efford in the control of powder beetle
pests have taken a long time but the results have not been satisfactory. Several components of
control, such as the application of environmental sanitation, the use of chemicals (fumigation,
fogging), the application of good cultivation technology, the application of physical and
mechanical control techniques are proven not to significantly reduce the population. Therefore,
more effective control techniques are needed to suppress powder pest populations, including
using resistant varieties. Based on the results of the study, it is known that the varieties that are
resistant to powder pests have the characteristics of perfect husk cover, corn kernels which
contain a good outer maternal layer of the seeds, corn kernels with a perfect cotyledon structure,
and corn kernels which contain a large portion of acid. The source of resistance from genetic
factors has the opportunity to be transferred to superior varieties. A closed husk that is longer
than the cob can reduce powder beetle infection while the seeds are still in the field.

Keywords: Impact of Attack, Maize Weevil, Food Safety, Health

Topic: Integrated Pest and Disease Management

213
 [ABS-49]
Detection and Identification of Aphelenchoides fragariae nematodes on Shallot Bulbs in
Bogor, West Java, Brebes Central Java and Nganjuk, East Java

Devina Cinantya Anindita (a*), Supramana (b), Giyanto (b)

a) Graduate School of Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Bogor.
Indonesia
b) Department of Plant Protection, IPB University, Bogor. Indonesia

*devina.anindita16@gmail.com

Abstract

Shallot is one of the important horticultural commodities in Indonesia. Aphelenchoides fragariae

is the major parasitic nematode of shallots and listed as quarantine pest with limited distribution.
The nematode was detected on shallot bulbs at several traditional markets in Bogor but has not
been reported present on shallot plantation. This research aims to detect and identify A. fragariae
on shallot bulbs. Shallot bulbs were sampled from Bogor, West Java, Brebes, Central Java, and
Nganjuk, East Java. Nematodes were extracted from shallots bulb by cold water immersion
method at 20 oC. Morphological identification was carried out by following the standard
taxonomic for the Aphelenchoides genus (Aphelenchoididae). Morphometric indications were
based on the de Man^s formula. The result showed that A. fragariae were found on shallot bulbs
from Bogor, Brebes and Nganjuk. The female of A. fragariae has a slender body and off-set lip
characteristic distinguishes it from other nematodes. The stylet was invisible, but the metacorpus
(median bulb) was visible and full rounded, tail end with single mucro. The morphometric A.
fragariae are n=40, L = 312.2 - 550.5, a = 20.0 - 33.9, b = 7.0 - 12.0, c = 3.9 - 15.2, V = 34.4 -
84.4, T = 28.8 - 121.3, stylet 6.8 -12.0.

Keywords: foliar nematode, morphology, morfometric, parasitic nematode

Topic: Integrated Pest and Disease Management

214
 [ABS-52]
The farmer behavior using perticide in Maize (Zea mays L.)

Sri Nur Aminah (a*), Tamrin Abdullah (a), Fatahuddin (a), Yuliani (b), Dhini Wirasti (a)

a) Department of Plant Pests and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University

Jalan Perintis Kemerdekaan KM. 10 Tamalanrea Makassar 90245 INDONESIA
b) Agrotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Suryakencana University
Jl. Pasir Gede Raya No. 13, Cianjur Regency 43216, West Java INDONESIA

*srifirnas@gmail.com

Abstract

Pesticides is the toxic compounds that contain synthetic chemical and most popularly used by
farmers in crop management. The harmful of synthetic material contained in pesticides are
capable of rapidly killing target organisms. However, continuous use of pesticides killed more
natural enemies as the important biological agent to control insect pests. The pesticide residues
product from chemical compound as the main source of environmental pollution. The purpose of
the research is to determine the behavior of farmers used pesticides in the maize plantation. The
research was conducted in Tenri Pakkua village, Bone Regency, South Sulawesi Indonesia, from
January to March 2020. The research activities used a survey method in the form of interviews
used a questionnaire to 35 farmers as a respondent. The results was showed that 97.15% of
respondent controlled weed used herbicides, then 2.85% of respondents chose to control
manually for the same weed. In addition, 62.86% of the respondent used herbicides for more
than four years, about 28.57% used herbicide with average more than two years, respectively.
The most insecticides used by respondent to control insect pests in maize from the active
ingredients such as: Permethrin (42.87%), Fipronil (14.29%), Lambda-cyhalothrin (11.44%) and
Metomil (8, 58%), respectively. The active ingredients roles as respiratory poison to insect. The
result was showed that farmers prefer used pesticides in the form of synthetic herbicides and
insecticides because the results are obvious, they quickly kill the target organism, the application
does not require special skills and is easy to obtain (commercially available).

Keywords: herbicide, insecticide, permetrine, maize, respondent

Topic: Integrated Pest and Disease Management

215
 [ABS-54]
The use of endophyte fungal isolates in controlling fusarium oxysporum, the causal agent
of wilt disease on Chili (Capsicum annuum)

Erma Dewi (a*), Ade Rosmana (a), Tutik Kuswinanti (a)

a) Department of Plant Pests and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University

Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan KM. 10 Tamalanrea Makassar 90245 Indonesia

Abstract

Fusarium oxysporum as the causal agent of wilt disease infects systemically on the chili plant
(Capsicum annuum) and cause a significant loss on its production. To control this fungus, we
isolated and identified beneficial fungi from stem, leaf, and fruit tissues. Then, the work tested
fungi capability to inhibit the pathogen in vitro and to enter of plant tissues. The results of the
work indicated that seven fungus isolates consisted of Trichoderma 1, Trichoderma 2,
Aspergillus, Fusarium 1, Fusarium 2, Lasiodiplodia 1, and Lasiodiplodia 2 were identified.
Trichoderma and Lasiodiplodia were found from leaf and fruit tissues, whereas Aspergillus and
Fusarium were isolated from leaf and stem tissues. The inhibition of F. oxysporium by these
seven fungal isolates in vitro nine days post dual culture was 53.9%, 62.5%, 38.9%, 38,3%,
26.9%, 29,4%, and 34.7%, respectively. Endophyte study with Trichoderma morphospecies 2
showed that the isolate could colonize 84% of the root, 60% of the stem, and 75% of leaf tissues
three weeks after inoculation through roots. Therefore, the research results demonstrate the
presence of endophytic fungus derived from the chili plant that is potential to control wilt disease
in vivo.

Keywords: chili, endophytic fungus, Fusarium oxysporum, Trichoderma, wilt disease.

Topic: Integrated Pest and Disease Management

216
 [ABS-65]
What a significant difference between symptoms caused by Ceratobasidium theobromae
and Lasiodiplodia theobromae?

Muhammad Junaid (a)

a) Department of Plant Pests and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University

Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan KM. 10 Tamalanrea Makassar 90245 Indonesia

Abstract

Vascular streak dieback disease symptom is clearly defined as symptoms were chlorosis and
later necrosis of leaves, mostly those second or third from the stem tips. Abscission of these
leaves occurred within 2 or 3 days of the first appearance of symptoms. Swelling of lenticels was
distinct on the bark surface. This symptom is undoubtedly caused by Ceratobasidium
theobromae. However, most recent articles also explained that the symptom was also associated
with another fungal pathogen, Lasiodiplodia theobromae, which has involved and contributed to
give a sign of such a VSD disease lesion. This paper will explain a very fundamental difference
of environmental-based symptom on cocoa leaves between caused by C. theobromae and L.
theobromae. This paper also will review the ways to analyses environmental symptom, detect
molecularly method and test pathogenicity previously conducted before we conclude that
specific symptomatic lesion of VSD disease is only caused by a single pathogen as C.
theobromae.

Keywords: Symptom analysis of VSD disease on cocoa

Topic: Integrated Pest and Disease Management

217
 [ABS-66]
Microbes occupying cocoa branches and their consequences

Muhammad Junaid (a), Mutiah (a), Ayu Parawangsah (b)

a) Department of Plant Pests and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University

Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan KM. 10 Tamalanrea Makassar 90245 Indonesia Universitas Hasanuddin
b) Universitas Muslim Indonesia

Abstract

Cocoa is a typical pantropical tree as it only grows at the environments-based equator line which
is originated from Latin Americas. Since it had been cultivated in Indonesia in 18 Century,
number of indigenous living microbes were reportedly identified. However, the interaction
among microbial stem tissues is unclear. The study aims to understand number of microbes and
its association with cocoa production system.

Keywords: Microbial association with cocoa branches

Topic: Integrated Pest and Disease Management

218
 [ABS-68]
The effectiveness of rhizosphere bacteria in inducing the resistance of maize to downy
mildew peronosclerospora philipinensis

Nurasiah Djaenuddin (a), Muhammad Azrai (b), Tutik Kuswinanti (a), Baharuddin Patandjengi
(a)

a) Program of Magister, Department of Plant Pests and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, University of
Hasanuddin
b) Indonesian Cereals Research Institute

Abstract

Downy mildew caused by Peronosclerospora philipinensis is a major disease of maize. The

disease is currently managed by seed treatment with metalaxyl fungicides, but the development
of pathogenic fungi resistance towards synthetic fungicides is a great problem affecting
significantly the future of chemical control by fungicides. The use of microorganisms for
induction of systemic resistance against pathogens on maize is well known. Therefore, this study
aims to determine the efficacy of bacterial isolates from the rhizosphere in influencing the
resistance of maize to downy mildew by measuring accumulated concentration of salicylic acid.
Treatments were based on a fully randomized 2-factor design with 3 levels of- factor I (bacteria)
3 levels (b0 = no bacteria, b1 = Bacillus paramycoides Ga-3, b2 = B. cereus Si-4) and factor II
(salicylic acid) 2 levels (as0 = 0 g/L and as1 = 2 g/L). The research was carried out at the
screenhouse and plant pathology laboratory, Indonesian Cereal Research Institute (ICERI), from
March to July 2020. Each treatment combination was tested on three varieties of maize, namely
Anoman, Bima20, and Bima3, hence there were 18 treatment combinations. Furthermore, the
results showed that the use of rhizosphere bacteria and salicylic acid has the potential to control
downy mildew in maize. In the case of the Bima20 variety, the combined treatment of B.
paramycoides Ga3 + salicylic acid had the lowest incidence of disease. Meanwhile, treatment of
B. cereus Si4 + salicylic acid in Bima3 variety had the lowest incidence of disease, namely
13.9% and 26.1%, respectively. Considering the results, the enrichment of salicylic acid content
was highest at 9.6 ppm on maize which were applied with the rhizosphere bacterium B.
paramycoides Ga3 + salicylic acid.

Keywords: chlorophyll content, leaf stomata, variety

Topic: Integrated Pest and Disease Management

219
 [ABS-69]
The mortality of green planthoppers nephotettix virescens (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) by
metarhizium anisopliae metchn and beauveria bassiana (Bals.) vuill

Tamrin Abdullah (a*), Sri Nur Aminah (a), Fatahuddin (a), Nurul Wirid Annisaa (b)

a) Department of Plant Pests and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University

Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan KM. 10 Tamalanrea Makassar 90245 INDONESIA
b) Magister Student of Phytopathology, Post Graduate Program, Bogor Agricultural University,
Jalan Raya Dramaga Babakan, Kecamatan Dramaga, Bogor 16680, West Java, INDONESIA

Abstract

The green planthopper Nephotettix virescens Distant (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) is one of the
important pests of rice plants in South and Southeast Asia. N. virescens caused damages of rice
plants by sucking rice fresh fluid and vector virus of tungro disease. The purpose of research is to
determine the effectiveness of two types entomopathogenic fungi Metarhizium anisopliae and
Beauveria bassiana in suppressing the population level of N. virescens on rice plants. The
research activities was held at the Laboratory of Plant Pests and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture,
Hasanuddin University, Makassar from September 2018 to June 2019. The research used a
Factorial Completely Randomized Design with eight treatment and five replications. Each
treatment used 10 individual nymphs of N. virescens. The research started from the collection
and mass rearing of N. virescens, prepared the rice plants, cultured of M. anisopliae and B.
bassiana, application of the entomopathogenic fungi M. anisopliae and B. bassiana. The
application of M. anisopliae and B. bassiana on the fifth day was showed the average mortality
of N. virescens by spraying (89.6%), watering (89.6%) and dipping (89.6%) not significantly.
However, the mortality was higher compared the control (0.50%). Watering treatment used the
suspension of B. bassiana showed a very high average mortality compared dipping used M.
anisopliae. The application of M. anisopliae in the spraying and watering treatments showed the
average mortality not significantly different compared to the spraying treatment used
entomopathogenic B. bassiana.

Keywords: Metarhizium anisopliae, Beauveria bassiana, Nephotettix virescens, rice

Topic: Integrated Pest and Disease Management

220
 [ABS-72]
Insect pest in rice field with legumes plot applied by beauveria bassiana vuill

Sri Nur Aminah (a*), Tamrin Abdullah (a), Rosi Widarawati (b), Nurul Wirid Annisaa (c), Fitri
(a)

a) Department of Plant Pests and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University

Jalan Perintis Kemerdekaan KM. 10 Tamalanrea Makassar 90245
b) Agrotechnology Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Jenderal Soedirman University,
Jalan Dr. Soeparno No. 61, Karangwangkal Purwokerto 53123, Central Java, Indonesia
c) Magister Student of Phytopathology, Post Graduate Program Bogor Agricultural University,
Jalan Raya Dramaga, Babakan Kecamatan Dramaga Bogor 16680, West Java, Indonesia

*e-mail: srifirnas@gmail.com

Abstract

The research objective is: to study diversity of insect pests in rice field used plot grow of
legumes and effect spraying of entomopathogenic B. bassiana. Observation rice pests and
legumes plant was held in Mappadaelo village, Wajo Regency, South Sulawesi. Identification of
insect pests held at the Pest Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University
Makassar, from August to October 2019. Experiments used Mekongga as the rice variety grow in
four different fields, distance 200 - 300 m. The plot with legumes (mung bean, cowpea and long
bean), planting a week after rice. The methods of cultivating rice and legumes plants based on
the habit of farmers. The study used a Randomized Block Design with eight treatments and four
replications. The observation insect pests in both plant started from 14 days after planting with
10 samples. Insect collection used D-Vac and put in bottle containing alcohol. The suction of D-
Vac has interval seven days. The result showed: the highest diversity of insect pests without B.
bassiana spraying found in rice and mung beans (P1) of -0.71. The lowest result was showed P3
(rice and long bean) about -0.65. The diversity of insect pests in rice was sprayed B. bassiana
about -2.28. The highest diversity index by spraying B. bassiana found at P7 (rice and long
beans) of -0.75. The lowest insect diversity index was P6 (rice and cowpeas) of -0.45. The
conclusion: spraying of the B. bassiana showed effect on the diversity index of insect pests in
rice field.

Keywords: B. bassiana, rice, mung bean, cowpea, long bean

Topic: Integrated Pest and Disease Management

221
 [ABS-74]
The effectivity trap based plastic waste in monitoring of insect pests

Sri Nur Aminah (a*), Mansur (b), Salim (c), Suyono (d)

a) Department of Plant Pests and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University

Jalan Perintis Kemerdekaan KM. 10 Tamalanrea, Makassar 90245, INDONESIA
b) Centre Research of Tungro Diseases, Jalan Buli No. 101 Lanrang, Sidrap 91651,
South Sulawesi, INDONESIA
c) Assessment Institute for Agriculture Technology (AIAT) South Sulawesi
Jalan Perintis Kemerdekaan KM. 17.5 Makassar 90245 INDONESIA
d) Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, West Sulawesi University
Jalan Prof. Dr. Baharuddin Lopa, SH, Talumung, Majene 91412, South Sulawesi, INDONESIA

*email: srifirnas@gmail.com

Abstract

The plastic waste around us such as: plastic bottle and glass from drinking water very useful
modified as tools for monitoring insect pests in agricultural ecosystem. The presence of insect
pest in farmer plantation need more attention such as monitoring for exactly management effort.
The purpose of research is to re-use plastic waste became yellow trap and pitfall trap for
monitoring of insect pests attack the popular vegetable. The advantages of research as new
information for community used plastic waste as tools of monitoring insects. The observation
was held in kangkong and spinach plantation used pit-fall trap and yellow trap for monitoring
presence arthropods in the planting season. The results was showed: the effectivity of pit-fall trap
from plastic waste used for arthropods monitoring especially predator in kangkong field about
45% and insect pests 37.5%. As the comparing data, the effectivity of pit-fall trapped predator in
spinach plantation 99.2%, lowest number in insect pests and decomposer about 0.4%,
respectively. The result of yellow trap made from plastic bottle in kangkong field trapped insect
pests about 43.7% and decomposer 41.1%. The trapped of insect pests used yellow trap in
spinach plantation 63.4% and predator 26.6%. The coclusion of research: plastic waste more
benefit as yellow and pit-fall trap for monitoring insects. The effectivity of tools depend on
arthropods composition as important part of ecosystem. The reduce of pesticide application and
management of flowering weeds improving number of beneficial insect as biological control
agent in agroecosystem.

Keywords: pit-fall trap, yellow trap, monitoring, plastic waste, insect

Topic: Integrated Pest and Disease Management

222
 [ABS-78]
Dynamics of Tungro disease and its vector population on intercropping of rice varieties

Riski Apriyani (a*), Ade Rosmana (a), Baharuddin Patandjengi (a)

a) Plant Pests and Diseases Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University

Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan KM.10 Tamalanrea Makassar 90245 Indonesia

*riskiapriyani15@gmail.com

Abstract

Tungro is one of the major diseases that can reduce theyield potential of rice. The disease is
caused by rice tungro baciliform virus (RTBV) and rice tungro spherical virus (RTSV), both of
which can only be transmitted by green leafhoppers, Nephotettix virescens in a semi-persistent
manner. The research aimed to control both the disease and the vector by using intercropping of
rice varieties. The optimum of disease incidence in 11 weeks observation on the variety of
Ciherang, Inpari 32, Inpari 36, and IR 64 planted in intercropping was 7.8%, 7.3%, 3,8%, and
6.3%. Whereas, the incidence on these respective variety planted in monoculture was 9.8%,
8,8%, 4.3%, and 8.5%. Then, the optimum of N. virescens population per clump on rice variety
with interplanting in the same time of observation was 4.8, 2.3, 1.5, and 4, and on variety with
monoculture was 6.5, 4.5, 3.3, and 4,5, respectively. Moreover, the population of insect predators
tended to be higher on variety with interplanting than on rice variety with monoculture. These
data indicated that rice planted with variety interplanting was related to the reduction of tungro
incidence and its vector and also the increase of insect predators. Therefore, the interplanting of
variety could be used as one of control method against rice pests and diseases.

Keywords: Incidence, interplanting, Nephotettix virescens, population, rice variety, tungro.

Topic: Integrated Pest and Disease Management

223
 [ABS-80]
Resistance validation of several chili pepper lines to anthracnose colletrothicum acutatum
isolate Sukabumi

Neni Gunaeni (a*), Eli Korlina (a), Redy Gaswanto (a)

a) Indonesian Vegetables Resarch Institute

Jln. Tangkuban Perahu No. 517 Lembang-Bandung Barat (40391)

*nenigunaeni63@gmail.com

Abstract

Anthracnose is the most dominant disease that infects to chili pepper and it can reduce yield. One
technique to control the disease is using resistant variety. The objective research was to ensure
resistance level of the screened chili pepper lines to C. acutatum as the most virulent pathogen.
The research was conducted at Indonesian Vegetables Research Institute from June to December
2019. C. acutatum isolate Sukabumi was used as an inoculum. This isolate had a DNA band 490
bp according to PCR identification. The used screening method was artificial in the laboratory by
inoculating 5 ul of conidial suspension with a density of 5.0 x 105 per one injection per fruit. PR
protein analysis was performed on infected fruit and healthy. The selected lines results obtained
that 2A (R-4), 4A (R-15), 4B (R-9), 6 (R-12), 7 (-13 ), 8 (R-14) were resistant to anthracnose C.
acutatum isolate Sukabumi. The protein band pattern profile by PR-protein analysis showed that
a gene expression with molecular weight around 37 kDa.

Keywords: Capsicum annuum, Colletrotrichum acutatum, Chili pepper lines, Isolate Sukabumi

Topic: Integrated Pest and Disease Management

224
 [ABS-88]
Assessing disease severity and incidence of rice blast under natural infections in different
rates of Nitrogen and planting system

Cipto Nugroho (a*), Didik Raharjo (a), Muhammad Alwi Mustaha (a), and Muhammad Asaad
(a,b)

a) Assessment Institute of Agricultural Technology Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesian Agency of

Agricultural Research and Development, Jl. M. Yamin No. 89, Puwatu, Kendari, Sulawesi Tenggara,
Indonesia
b) Assessment Institute of Agricultural Technology South Sulawesi, Indonesian Agency of Agricultural
Research and Development, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan Km. 17.5, Sudiang, Makassar, Sulawesi Selatan,
Indonesia

*ciptonugroho@gmail.com

Abstract

The study aimed to determine the effect of nitrogen rates and planting systems on incidence and
severity of rice blast under naturally infected rice plants and its relationship to rice yield
performance. Recommended nitrogen rate for both direct seeding was 93.2kg/ha. Treatments
consisted of 75% recommended-N rate, 100% recommended-N rate, 150% recommended-N, and
existing farmer^s practice. Treatments were applied in a three-way splitted-N application at 14,
30, and 45 days after planting, respectively. The results indicate that rates of N fertilization
affected disease incidence of the rice blast where low-N application was generally lower than
recommended-N rate, high-N rate, and farmer^s practice, both on jajar legowo 2:1 and
broadcasted direct seeding. This study revealed that recommended-N application, although has
higher disease incidence than low-N application, could tolerate yield loss due to rice blast by
producing more productive tillers, number of grains per panicle, and reducing number of unfilled
grains. This study generally showed that jajar legowo 2:1 direct seeding gave lower disease
incidence and severity to the rice blast than broadcasted direct seeding. The study suggested
recommended-N rate, based on soil test kit of IAARD, and jajar legowo 2:1 direct seeding could
be incorporated to the rice blast management strategies.

Keywords: rice blast, nitrogen rates, planting system, disease incidence

Topic: Integrated Pest and Disease Management

225
 [ABS-94]
Farmers^ knowledge on pesticide management practices: A case study of shallot growers
in Palu, Indonesia

Kasman Jaya (a), Ratnawati Ratnawati (a), Asman Asman (b), Arfan Arfan (a)

a) Faculty of Agriculture, Alkhairaat University, Palu, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia

b) Department of Plant Pests and Diseases, Hasanuddin University, South Sulawesi, Indonesia

Abstract

Pesticides are one of the most common methods of pests and diseases control. Knowledge of
pesticides management is significant for effective application. The purpose of study was to
determine knowledge of farmers about pesticides management practices on shallot crops in Palu,
Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. The study was conducted from October 2017 to February 2018.
This quantitative and survey research was used respondents of 30 farmers in two locations: Duyu
and Bayaoge in Tatanga district, Palu, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Commonly, the respondents
working on shallot field. The data quantification using the ordinal scale, then univariate analyzed
for frequency distribution and bivariate analysis to determine the correlation of two variables.
The results was showed there no significant effect between farmers knowledge about pesticides
and the actions of farmers in the use of pesticides. Increasing knowledge about pesticides cannot
be expected to change wise actions in using pesticides in pest control.

Keywords: Pesticide management, Farmers^ Knowledge, shallot, Palu

Topic: Integrated Pest and Disease Management

226
 [ABS-100]
Host range of exallomochlus hispidus (Morrison) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in West
Java

Murni Indarwatmi(a*), Indah Arastuti Nasution(a), Endang Sri Ratna(b), Dewi Sartiami(b),
Arinana(c), Sulaeha Sulaeha(d), Yani Maharani(e)

(a) Centre for Isotope and Radiation Application, National Nuclear Energy Agency, Jakarta 12440
Indonesia
(b) Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Bogor 16880, West Java,
Indonesia
(c) Forest Product Departemen, Faculty of Forestry, IPB University, Bogor 16880, West Java, Indonesia
(d) Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Hasanuddin, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan KM 10, Tamalanrea,
Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
(e) Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjajaran, Jl. Raya Bandung Sumedang, Km 21, Jatinangor,
Sumedang District, West Java, Indonesia

*murninda@gmail.com

Abstract

Exallomochlus hispidus (Morrison) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) is a polyphagous mealybug

with a wide host range. Many of them are fruits that have high economic value and potential
export comodities. In addition, E. hispidus is a quarantine pest so that its presence can be an
export barrier. The purposive sampling method were used to take plant samples. Host plants
were sampled in 4 districts in Bogor, Sukabumi, Purwakarta, and Garut, West Java. Results
showed that E. hispidus was found on 29 specieses of 17 families. This species is most
commonly found on cocoa Theobroma cacao, mangosteen Garcinia mangostana, soursop
Annona muricata, sugar apple Annona squamos, sapodila Manilkara zapota, and duku Lansium
domesticum. The results of this study are expected to provide information on the host range of E.
hispidus so that it can be prevented from spreading and proper control is taken.

Keywords: fruit export commodities, host plant, mealybug, polyphagous, quarantine pest

Topic: Integrated Pest and Disease Management

227
 [ABS-106]
The potency of bintaro leaf infusion for controlling meloidogyne incognita and the growth
of okra

Zahra Rahmadiyanti (a*), Abdul Munif (a)

a) Faculty of Agriculture, Bogor Agricultural University, Jl. Raya Dramaga, Bogor, Jawa Barat 16680

*zahra_rd@apps.ipb.ac.id

Abstract

Meloidogyne incognita is one of the important plant parasitic nematodes which causes root-knot
in okra (Abelmoschus esculentus). The use of bintaro (Cerbera manghas) leaf infusion is
expected to be an alternative for controlling root-knot nematodes. Bintaro contains bioactive
compounds that can be used as a bionematicide. Bintaro leaves were blended, soaked in rice bran
and water solution then incubated by aerated and non-aerated condition for three weeks. The
infusions were filtered and stored in room temperature. The concentrations of infusion were used
in this study are 25%, 50%, and 75%. The result showed that under in vitro test bintaro leaf
infusion caused percent mortality of Meloidogyne incognita from 25% up to 100% in 24 hours
after treatment. Application of bintaro leaf infusion has no phytotoxic effect on okra. Treatment
with BA (aerated bintaro leaf infusion on rice bran solution) 75% and BN (non aerated bintaro
leaf infusion on rice bran solution) 75% were able to increase wet weight and dry weight of okra.
This research indicates that infusion of bintaro leaf have potential to be developed as a
bionematicide.

Keywords: bioactive compound, bintaro, bionematicide, Meloidogyne incognita.

Topic: Integrated Pest and Disease Management

228
 [ABS-108]
Optimization of automatic repellent tool to repel pests of rice-eating birds in Takalar,
South Sulawesi

Muhammad Yusril Hardiansyah (a*), Nurhidayat (b), Abdul Mollah Jaya (a), Muhammad Arif
Fikri Al Ridho (a)

a) Department of Agronomy, Agrotechnology Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin

University, Makassar, Indonesia
b) Department of Soil Science, Agrotechnology Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin
University, Makassar, Indonesia

Abstract

Bird pests are one of the main enemies for farmers which can reduce crop production. Increasing
bird populations lead to reduced yields. This is a major problem that causes the stability of rice
production in Takalar, South Sulawesi to shake every year. So that one method that can be used
to repel bird pests is to use an automatic bird pest repellent tool. This study aims to determine the
impact of using automatic repellent to reduce the attack of rice-eating birds in Takalar. This
research has an effect on a better rice cultivation process, especially in reducing the level of bird
pest attacks. This research was conducted in Tonasa Village, Takalar Regency, South Sulawesi.
The research implementation method includes designing a pest repellent method using an
automatic air freshener machine as well as the manufacture and testing of jengkol extract
vegetable pesticide liquid as a spraying agent that emits a scent that bird pests don^t like.
Observation parameters used the comparison method of initial observations and final
observations that were observed in the morning, afternoon and evening. The evaluation results
obtained on average show quite a lot of attacks in a day, especially in the morning. After the use
of the automatic repellent method, the attacks of bird groups tended to decrease where in the
morning the ratio of 22 - 32 decreased to 6 - 14 attacks, while the afternoon ratio of 7 - 14
decreased to 3 - 7 attacks and the evening ratio of 20 - 29 decreased to 8 - 12 group attack of
birds. So that the use of this automatic repellent has a significant and effective impact in
reducing bird pest attacks.

Keywords: Automatic Repellent Tool, Bird Pests, Rice, Takalar

Topic: Integrated Pest and Disease Management

229
 [ABS-117]
The effectiveness of filtrate culture with Fusarium Fungi .spp against Meloidogyne spp.
nematodes in-vitro on tomato plants

Muhammad Nuzul Ramadhan (a*) , Nur amin (b), and Andi Nasruddin (b)

a) Magister Program, Department of Plant Pest and Disease, Faculty of Agriculture Hasanuddin
University, Makassar , South Sulawesi 90245, Indonesia.
b) Department Of Plant Pest and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture Hasanuddin University, South Sulawesi
90245, Indonesia.

Abstract

Parasitic nematodes are one of the important plant pests that attack various types of cultivated
plants. In Indonesia, 26 species of parasitic nematodes that attack food crops, horticulture and
plantations have been identified. One such nematode, Meloidogyne, is the most destructive
parasitic nematode. Utilization of other microorganisms as natural enemies of nematodes from
the fungal group can be used as biological agents. This research was conducted at the Laboratory
of Disease, Department of Pests and Plant Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin
University Makassar. This study aims to determine the ability of Fusarium Fusarium isolates. .
The results showed that the application of Fusarium isolate (Fusarium .spp) and the given liquid
media was able to cause juvenile mortality of root knoot nematodes (Meloidogyne sp.). And the
time required by Fusarium fungi .spp and liquid media to cause nematode mortality was 24
hours, but the highest mortality occurred at 9 hours after application, namely 7.74 at the BNJ test
level of 0.05%.

Keywords: Meloidogyne sp, Fusarium .spp, Filtrat culture , Mortalitas

Topic: Integrated Pest and Disease Management

230
 [ABS-120]
Antagonistic activity of volatile organic compounds of endophytic bacteria from sword
brake fern (Pteris ensiformis) against soil borne fungal pathogens

Abdul Munif (a), Prayogo Probo Asmoro (b*)

a) Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agiculture, IPB University

b) Graduate School Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agiculture, IPB University

*prayogoasmoro@apps.ipb.ac.id

Abstract

The use of endophytic bacteria in the control of plant diseases, especially soil pathogenic fungi
such as showed good results. Endophytic bacteria have various mechanisms to control plant
pathogen, but the mechanism of endophytic bacteria in producing volatile organic compounds
(VOCs) has not been widely studied. The objective of this research was to evaluated the
antagonistic activity of VOCs produced by endophytic bacteria from the nail sword (Pteris
ensiformis) aginst three soil borne pathogen fungus, R. solani, S. rolfsii and Fusarium sp.
Endophytic bacterial isolates used were APE15, APE22, APE33, and APE35. The study was
conducted by cupping method to determine the inhibition of endophytic bacteria VOCs against
three soil borne fungal pathogens. GC-MS analysis was conducted to determine the content of
volatile compounds produced by endophytic bacteria. The results showed that four endophytic
bacterial isolates can inhibited R. solani growth (92.11%-96.05%), S. rolfsii (87.28%-93.10%),
and Fusarium sp. (27.73%-57.55%). The GC-MS analysis showed that there were several
antifungal compounds detected i.e. octanal, cytronellyl acetate, silane, 9-octacenamide, n-
dimetylpalmitamide, and isobutyryl chloride. Octanal was presumed as the most influential
compound that inhibited the three soil borne fungal pathogens because it was a dominant
compound was detected.

Keywords: Biological control, GC-MS, octanal, Rhizoctonia solani

Topic: Integrated Pest and Disease Management

231
 [ABS-125]
Implication of types of feeds combined goat manure for preference black soldier fly (bsf) :
Hermetia illucens L.

Indri (a), S Sjam (a), A Gassa (a), VS Dewi (a), PA Palayukkan (a)

a) Universitas Hasanuddin

Abstract

Hermetia illucens L. (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) called black soldier fly(BSF) has an important role
in the degradation of organic waste or bioconversion activity. The current study compared some
types of feeds to preference BSF to eggs laid and the implication of of the number of larvae and
the size of the pupae produced , the percentage of larvae that became adults. Type of feeds is rice
bran, mixture of fruits waste, agricultural waste, vegetable waste and household waste. The types
of feeds mixed with goat manure.The study reports that Black Soldier Fly (BSF) produced the
highest number of egg colonies in household waste (6 colonies) then vegetable waste (5
colonies), bran (4.3 colonies), fruit waste (3.3 colonies) and the lowest on agricultural waste (0.3
colonies). The highest number of larvae was in bran (4783), then household waste (1942),
vegetable waste (1511), fruits waste (983) and the lowest in agricultural waste (92 ). The longest
pupa size is in fruits waste (2 cm), household waste (1.96 cm), vegetable waste and the lowest is
in agricultural waste(0.48 cm). The highest number of imago was in bran (1606 heads),
vegetables waste (211 heads), fruits waste (137 heads), restaurant waste (93 heads) and the
lowest was in agricultural waste (10 heads).

Keywords: Hermetia illucens

Topic: Integrated Pest and Disease Management

232
 [ABS-126]
Growth inhibition of Spodoptera frugiperda using combination Calotropis gigantea L. and
Crescentia cujete L.

AS Aprialty (a), S Sjam (a), VS Dewi (a), and YE Agustina (a)

a) Universitas Hasanuddin

Abstract

Spodoptera frugiperda is an invasive insect and has spread in various countries, including
Indonesia, which attacks almost all maize crops. This study purpose to determine the
development inhibition of the combination C. gigantea extract and C. cujete extract. The research
was implemented at the Pesticides and Natural Materials Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture,
Hasanuddin University. Observations doing at 2 stages, that is testing various concentration of C.
gigantea and C. cujete extracts on mortality and development inhibition larva S. frugiperda, and
then for concentration 7,5% that caused the high mortality, it was further tested by combining
between the extract of C. gigantea and C. cujete. The results showed that C. gigantea extract
caused high mortality at a concentration of 7.5% and 10% with LC50 at a concentration 7.36%
and LC90 at a concentration 9.08%. C. cujete extract caused high mortality at a concentration of
5% up to 10% with LC50 at a concentration 5.96% and LC90 at a concentration 8.06%. The
percentage development inhibition of S. frugiperda larvae each reached 100% using extract C.
gigantea concentration 10% and extract C. cujete concentration 10%, while the percentage of
inhibition using a combination extract reached 100% at a concentration 7.5%. The high mortality
and percentage development inhibition of S. frugiperda larvae was found in the use of C. cujete
extract compared with C. gigantea, and if two extracts were combined, it caused the highest
mortality and development inhibition compared without the combination.

Keywords: Spodoptera frugiperda, C. gigantea, C. cujete

Topic: Integrated Pest and Disease Management

233
 [ABS-127]
Application of the combination of Calatropis gigantea L. and Crescentia cujete L. against
Scirpophaga innotata and Leptotocorisa acuta Thunb. and predator in paddy plants

PA Palayukkan (a), S Sjam (a), M Melina (a), Sulaeha (a), A Rosmana (a), VS Dewi (a) and
Budirman (a)

a) Universitas Hasanuddin

Abstract

Abstract. C. gigantea L. and C. cujete L. are plants that contain secondary metabolites that can
act as insecticides. The aim of this study was to evaluate the implications of C. gigantea and C.
cujete to reduce the population and intensity of attack by stem borer (S. innotata) and stink bug
(L. acuta) which are the main pests of paddy plants. This study consisted of 4 treatments
consisting of a mixture of C. gigantea and C. cujete extracts, C. gigantea extracts, C. cujete
extracts, and control with 5 replications. Extract made by fermentation and the extract was
applied at the age of 1 month after planting with a concentration of 5% for 8 times with a
frequency of 1 time a week. Observation parameters were population and attack intensity of S.
innotata and L. acuta as well as natural enemy populations. The results obtained were that the
treatment of all extracts could reduce the population and intensity of attacks compared to the
control. Treatment of the mixture of C. gigantea and C. cujete extracts can reduce the population
and the intensity of attacks is higher than without the mixture.Predator is not affected by extract
applications.

Keywords: C. gigantea L. ,C. cujete, extract, S. innotata and Leptocorisa acuta

Topic: Integrated Pest and Disease Management

234
 [ABS-128]
Molecular detection of tungro virus in mekongga and inpari rice varieties in West Papua

H Hamdayanty (a), FT Ladja (a), Mansur (a)

a) Universitas Hasanuddin
Loka Penelitian Penyakit Tungro

Abstract

Tungro disease is one of the important diseases in rice plants. One of the efforts to reduce the
spread of the tungro virus is to ensure the presence of the virus in the field. This is the first step
in efforts to prevent the spread and control of tungro disease, especially in West Papua. One
detection technique that can be done is molecular detection through PCR techniques. Rice
samples detected were Mekongga and Inpari varieties taken from rice plants in West Papua.
Total DNA of RTBV, which is one of the viruses that cause tungro disease, was extracted and
amplified using DAF primers (5-GGAATTCCGGCCCTCAAA AACCTAGAAG-3) and DAR
(5-GGGGGTACCCCCCTC CGATTTCCCATGTATG-3). The PCR RTBV results showed that
the positive samples were infected with Rice tungro bacilliform virus (RTBV). This is indicated
by amplification of DNA measuring +- 1400 bp which is the target size of the DAF and DAR
primers. The results of this study are preliminary information that can be used as a basis for
tungro control and recommendations for future cropping.

Keywords: Rice tungro bacilliform virus, PCR, Tungro

Topic: Integrated Pest and Disease Management

235
 [ABS-130]
Stem borer attack on growth and yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Bali, Indonesia

I.B.K. Suastika (a), I.B.G. Suryawan (a) dan S.A.N. Aryawati (a)

a) Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology of Bali Indonesia

Abstract

Research was conducted in subak Guama, Selanbawak Village, Marga District, Tabanan
Regency from January up to April 2017 and subak Dlod Sema, Sading Village, Mengwi District,
Badung Regency from Januari up to Mayi 2017. This study aims to understand the growth,
productivity and resistance to stem borer pest of superior rice varieties cultivated in Bali
Province, Indonesia to substitute Cigeulis and Ciherang. Research was arranged in Randomized
Block Design with some superior rice varieties as treatment namely Inpari 30 and Inpari 40 in
Tabanan Regency, and also, Inpari 16, Inpari 24, Inpari 28, Inpari 30, Towuti and Situ Bagendit
in Badung Regency. Meanwhile, Cigeulis and Ciherang were used as comparison. Each
treatments was replicated 5 times. Parameters observed consist of growth and yield components
such as plant height, number of tillers, number of grains per panicle, 1000 grains weight and
yield. In addition, resistance to stem borer was also observed by record plant damages caused by
stem borer using scoring technique. Result showed that Inpari 30 and Inpari 40 were seem to
resistant to stem borer with percentage of damage were 7.5% and 1.0%, respectiely. The
damages were in the light category and had a chance to be developed in the subak Guama,
Tabanan Regency as a substitute for the Ciherang, since the production of Inpari 30 was 6.86 t/ha
harvested dry grain (HDG) and Inpari 40 was 6.93 t/ha compared to 6.44 t/ha of Ciherang. Inpari
30 also has an opportunity to be developed in the subak Dlod Sema, Badung Regency with
percentage of damages was 10%, it be included light category. The production of Inpari 30 was
6.08 t/ha compared to Ciherang was 4.35 t/ha. Inpari 30 and Inpari 40 can be cosidered as
candidate to substitute Ciherang based on their agronomy performances and productivity, they
were greater than Ciherang. moreover Inpari 40 was more suitable to substitute Ciherang based
on its agronomy performances, productivity and resistance.

Keywords: rice, resistance, stem borer, Ciherang substitute, superior variety, productivity

Topic: Integrated Pest and Disease Management

236
 [ABS-132]
Isolation and antagonism of Chitinolytic Bacteria from Ipomea pes caprae against
Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae

Andi Khusnul Fatima Bahar (a*), Baharuddin Patandjengi(a), Andi Nasruddin (a)

a) Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Pest and Disease, Makassar 90245, Indonesia

Abstract

Chitin is the main component of fungal cell walls. The growth of fungi can be inhibited by
chitinolytic bacteria because they can produce chitinase enzymes which play a role in degrading
cell walls. The purpose of this study was to test the activity of bacteria isolated from the roots of
Ipomea pes caprae in inhibiting the growth of the fungus Lasiodiplodia pseudothebromae . The
research method was carried out by isolating as much as 5 g of I. pes caprae roots using specific
media and testing for bacterial antagonism using a dual culture method . The results showed that
there were four isolate codes obtained, namely IPaR1, IPaR4, IPpA2, and IPpA3 and could
inhibit the growth of Lasiodiplodia pseudtheobromae.

Keywords: Chitinolytic Bacteria, Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae, chitinase enzyme.

Topic: Integrated Pest and Disease Management

237
 [ABS-157]
Potential biocontrol of endophytic fungi against Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae, causal
agent of cocoa dieback on cocoa seedling

Vietgar Membalik (a), Asman Asman (a,b*), and Nur Amin (a)

a) Department of Plant Pests and Diseases, Hasanuddin University, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
b) Cocoa Research Group (CRG), Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, South Sulawesi,
Indonesia

Abstract

Abstract. Endophytic fungi associated with cacao is one of the effective agents to control plant
pathogens on cacao, including the fungus Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae. This research was
conducted in vivo arranged in randomized block design in factorial. The first factor was four
clones (S1, S2, MCC01, and MCC02), and the second factor was three isolates of endophytes
fungi belongs to Aspergillus species (isolate T2S2LT, T245LT, T645LT), Aspergillus isolates
combination, control(with and without pathogen). This research was carried out starting from the
preparation, nurseries, inoculation of endophytes (1.106 spores / mL) and pathogens (0.6. 106
spores / mL), symptoms observation, and data analysis. This research aims to determine the
effect of the interaction of cocoa clones and endophytic fungi on necrotic and chlorotic
symptoms. The results showed that the interaction between MCC01 and Aspergillus isolates
combination is the best interaction on suppressing necrotic symptoms (leaf spot) with an
incidence of 0.85% and severity of 0.19%. Also, leaf blight symptoms indicate 2.62% for
symptoms incidence and 0.43% for symptoms severity. Meanwhile, chlorotic symptom was
reduced by almost all interactions with symptoms incidence and severity of 0.00%.

Keywords: Endophytic Fungi, Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae

Topic: Integrated Pest and Disease Management

238
 [ABS-158]
The effect of several fungicides against Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae isolated from
cacao through in vitro test

Musdalifa (a), Asman Asman (a,b*), Ade Rosmana (a,b)

a) Department of Plant Pests and Diseases, Hasanuddin University, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
b) Cocoa Research Group (CRG), Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, South Sulawesi,
Indonesia

Abstract

Abstract. Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae is a cosmopolitan fungus that can cause symptoms

such as leaf spot, dieback, stem rot, fruit rot and cancer which can lead to plant death. Several
studies have reported that L. pseudotheobromae can infect various types of plants, including
cocoa, grapes, mangoes, nuts, and papaya. The fungus L. pseudotheobromae is one of the causal
agents of the cocoa dieback, which is a new disease in South Sulawesi and is considered to be
one of the important diseases in the field. Fungicides are one of the methods to manage the
disease on the cacao in South Sulawesi. However, the appropriate fungicides remain unexplored.
Five different fungicides were used with three different concentrations, namely fipronil +
methylthiofanate + pyraclostrobin (0.5- 5.0- 50) ml/liter, sulfur (0.2- 2.0- 20) gr/liter,
carbendazime + hexaconazole (0.04- 0.4- 4.0) gr/liter, carbendazime (0.1- 1.0- 10) ml/liter, and
diphenoconasol + azoxistobine (0.1- 1.0- 10) ) ml/liter. The fungicides was evaluated for their
efficacy against L. pseudotheobromae through in vivo method. The results showed that a degree
of the effectiveness of inhibition against the fungal mycelia L. pseudotheobromae. fipronil +
methylthiofanate+ Piraclostrobin, carbendazime+hexaconazole and Carbendazime have excellent
ability in all tested concentrations followed by recommended concentrations (2 gr / liter) and
high (20 gr/liter) sulfur and high concentrations (10 ml/liter) diphenoconasol + azoxistobin.
Fungicides can potentially be an option for dieback disease control in cocoa production areas that
are at high risk of dieback disease in Indonesia.

Keywords: Cocoa, L. pseudotheobromae, Fungicides

Topic: Integrated Pest and Disease Management

239
 [ABS-164]
The population of Solenopsis sp. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in four condition of rice field
bund

Tamrin Abdullah (a*), Ahdin Gassa (a), Sri Nur Aminah (a), Nurul Wirid Annisaa (b)

a) Department of Plant Pests and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University

Jalan Perintis Kemerdekaan KM. 10 Tamalanrea Makassar 90245 INDONESIA
b) Magister Student of Phytopathology, Post Graduate Program, Bogor Agricultural University,
Jalan Raya Dramaga Babakan, Kecamatan Dramaga, Bogor 16680, West Java, INDONESIA

*abdullah_journal84@gmail.com

Abstract

Fire red ants (Solenopsis sp.) as the predators often found in rice fields. Although many farmers
not yet know well this potential insects, in Philippines, this adaptive predator has been used to
control golden apple snail with satisfying results. In a period of two days, predatory ants able
destroyed 50% the eggs of golden apple snail Pomacea canaliculata attached to the leaves of rice
plants. The purpose of the research is to study the effect of characteristic differences vegetation
of rice field bund to the diversity of ants in the habitat. Research data collection was conducted
in Manggala district, Makassar. Identification and observation of ants species was held at the
Pest Laboratory, Department of Plant Pests and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin
University, Makassar. The research was held from March to May 2018. The results was showed
that the bund contain banana tree vegetation had the highest ant population with 288 individuals.
The lowest on the bund with broad leaf grass vegetation only 29 individuals. The highest number
of individual ants was found in Solenopsis sp. with 353 individuals, then the lowest is
Tetramorium sp. with 2 individuals. The difference conditions of vegetation bund showed greatly
affects in the number of ants due to differences in the conditions needs of each ant species for
their suitable habitat.

Keywords: ant, Solenopsis sp., vegetation, bund, Tetramorium sp.

Topic: Integrated Pest and Disease Management

240
 [ABS-173]
Feed finding behavior of predatory Coccinella sp. on kenikir yellow flower syrup as its
supplement

Nurariaty Agus (a), Tamrin Abdullah (a) dan Sulaeha Tamrin (a)

a) Department of Plant Pests and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University

Jalan Perintis Kemerdekaan KM. 10 Tamalanrea Makassar 90245 INDONESIA

Abstract

Coccinella sp. as a predator of various kinds of pests that are cosmopolitan in nature, it is very
important to be conserved. These predators need energy for their survival, which can be obtained
from their prey (pests), as well as from flower nectar as a source of additional feed or
supplements. In this regard, we have conducted a series of studies to make yellow kenikir flower
syrup as an analogue of flower nectar. This study aims to determine the behavior of predatory
feed finding Coccinella sp. to yellow kenikir flower syrup added with artificial sweetener,
namely saccharin, then compared with the addition of commercial syrup. Observations were
made for eight hours on the feed finding behavior including the frequency of visiting the feed
and the time duration used for the feed. The results showed that saccharin the visiting frequency
of Coccinella sp. adult on yellow kenikir flower syrup added with saccharin was lower but longer
than if the predator was given yellow kenikir flower syrup added with commercial syrup with an
index of 2.10 minutes / visit and 1.18 minutes / visit, respectively. However, the frequency and
duration of predators increased in yellow kenikir flower syrup when combined with fresh yellow
kenikir flowers but did not come to commercial syrup when combined with fresh yellow kenikir
flowers. The yellow kenikir flower syrup added with saccharin is potent enough to be developed
for the predatory Coccinella sp. as its supplements.

Keywords: yellow kenikir flower syrup, supplements, predator behavior, Coccinella sp.

Topic: Integrated Pest and Disease Management

241
 [ABS-176]
Effectiveness of Bacillus spp. to increase resistance of cavendish (Musa acuminata) against
blood disease (Ralstonia syzygii subsp. celebensis)

Serli (a), Baharuddin (a) and Muhammad Junaid (a)

a) Hasanuddin University

Abstract

Blood disease at banana caused by Ralstonia syzygii subsp. celebensis and made financial loss to
farmers, with banaas become sick or produced fruit where no one can consume it. This study
aims to determine the effect of Bacillus spp. to increase resistance of cavendish against blood
disease. The research was conducted in the laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology,
Department Plant Pest and Diseas Hasanuddin University. Bananas seedling was planted in the
Screen House, Ex-farm of Agricultural Faculty, Hasanuddin University. The research was begun
in September 2019 and was ended February 2020. In this research was used the Completely
Randomized Design (CRD) method with 5 treatments and 3 replications with each treatment has
3 seedling and total of seedling in the experiment were 30 bananas seedling. Banana seedling
was soaked with each 3 microbial antagonists which are PMT, PBT, PAA isolat, and 2 control
(positive and nnegative). Observation has 4 steps: (1) The intensity of disease (%), (2) Height
plant, (3) Number of leaves, and (4) Weight of plant. Results showed that the best treatment was
found in the PMT isolat. It has potencial to be microbial antagonist to support induce of
resistance better than PBT and PAA isolat treatments. PMT isolat was suppressed blood disease
with percentation until 33,3%, PBT isolat oppressing blood desease until 20,83%. While, PAA
isolat has potencial oppressing blood desease until 25%.

Keywords: Resistance induce, Bacillus spp., Ralstonia syzygii subsp. celebensis.

Topic: Integrated Pest and Disease Management

242
 [ABS-178]
Technical culture technology package approach to fusarium attacks and local onion
production in irrigated rice fields

Ni Made Delly Resiani (a) & I Wayan Sunanjaya (a)

a) Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology (IAARD) Bali / Balai Pengkajian Teknologi
Pertanian (BPTP) Bali

Abstract

Fusarium control through the cultivation of healthy plants with improved technical culture is an
effective solution that can be practiced in irrigated rice fields. The aim of this study was to obtain
the best technical culture technology package in controlling fusarium and increasing shallot
production in irrigated rice fields. The research was conducted in Rejasa Subak Rejasa Kelod
Village, Penebel District, Tabanan Regency. The research was conducted from June to
September 2019. Using a randomized block design (RBD), the plots were divided into two
treatment factors, namely: Factor 1, namely 2 levels of varieties, namely: local varieties of
Tabanan (V1) and varieties of Bali Karet (V2). Factor 2, namely 3 levels of technology
packages, namely: P1 = existing, P2 = improvement- and P3 = innovative. The parameters
observed included plant height, maximum number of leaves, number of tubers, stem diameter,
total dry plant weight of harvest per clump, total weight of dry plant harvest per tuber, weight of
sold / stored dry tubers per clump and percentage of fusarium attack. Data were analyzed using
an analysis of diversity and mean difference test. The results showed that the highest average
total dry weight of harvested plants per tubers was shown in the innovative packaging (2.15)
which was not significantly different from the repair package treatment (1.99) or 24.19% higher
than the existing package (1.63 kg). The highest weight of selling/storing dry tubers per clump
was shown in the innovative package treatment (89.48) which was 12.32 and 38.25% higher than
the repair packages (78.46) and the existing (55.25 grams). The highest percentage of fusarium
attacks was shown in the existing package at 36.67%, while the repair package was 13.33 and the
innovative one was (16.67%). It was concluded that the application of the improved technology
package and the innovative.technology gave the best results for all observed parameters

Keywords: Keywords: Technical culture, fusarium, shallots

Topic: Integrated Pest and Disease Management

243
 [ABS-189]
The presence of refugia and population of insect pest in rice field

Sri Nur Aminah(a*), Andi Nasruddin(a), Nurul Wirid Annisaa(b), Tamrin Abdullah(a),
Fatahuddin(a)

a)Department of Plant Pests and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University

Jalan Perintis Kemerdekaan KM. 10 Tamalanrea Makassar 90245
b)Magister Student of Phytopathology, Post Graduate Program Bogor Agricultural University,
Jalan Raya Dramaga, Babakan Kecamatan Dramaga Bogor 16680, West Java, Indonesia

*srifirnas@gmail.com

Abstract

Refugia is a type of plant playing roles as a food source and shelter for natural enemies in
extreme environmental conditions. Legumes, food plants and flowering plants used as refugia.
The purpose research is to study the dominant pest population in bund of rice field planted with
refugia. The research was conducted in Tanasitolo village, South Sulawesi from June to
November 2017. The study used a Randomized Block Design of five treatments and repeated in
four times. The research was started by planting several different plants as refugia in bund of rice
fields, namely: P1 = bund planted with maize and soybean- P2 = bund planted with flowering
plants- P3 = bund planted with taro and banana- P4 = bund planted with long beans and P5 =
bund without plant (control). The results showed that rice fields used various plants as refugia,
the insect population was in lowest number. The results showed that Valanga sp. were not found
in P1 when the rice was 56 and 63 days after planting (DAP). The number of Nephotettix
virescens (0.5 individuals) when the rice was 42 DAP. Leptocorisa acuta has the lowest
population at P1 and P3 in the age 84 DAP (10.5 individuals). The conclusion of the experiment,
the dominant insect pest population has decreased due to the presence of refugia planted in rice
fields.

Keywords: rice, refugia,Valanga sp., Nephotettix virescens, Leptocorisa acuta

Topic: Integrated Pest and Disease Management

244
 [ABS-197]
Resistance evaluation of sugarcane mutants to Sporisorium scitamineum the causal agent
of sugarcane smut disease

N Hidayah (a), K S Wijayanti (a), M Murianingrum (a), T Yulianti (a), B Heliyanto (a)

a) Indonesian Sweetener and Fiber Crops Research Institute

Jl Raya Karangploso PO BOX 199 Malang Jawa Timur Indonesia 65152

Abstract

Sugarcane is one of important crops as it can produce a broad range of valuable products
including food, health, agriculture, and bioplastic. However, it is vulnerable from Sporisorium
scitamineum infection. The fungus infects the host through the buds. The disease is characterized
by the emergence of whip-like structure at the top of the host plant. The use of resistant varieties
is believed to be a proper control method for the disease. Induced mutation is one of breeding
program methods that can be considered to acquire resistant varieties of sugarcane to smut
disease. In 2018, we did mutation for some sugarcane varieties then in 2019 the mutants were
screened for its resistance to smut disease. The inoculation method was conducted by dipping the
cane bud into S. scitamineum teliospore suspension for 10 minutes at 30oC. The buds were then
planted and maintained in the polybags. The results showed that out of 41 evaluated mutants, 20
of them were resistant, six mutants were moderately susceptible, and 15 mutants were very
susceptible to smut disease infection. It seems that we could obtain resistant sugarcane varieties
through induced mutation, however the resistance of the cane are still being evaluated during
ratoon stage.

Keywords: induced mutation, sugarcane smut disease, Sporisorium scitamineum

Topic: Integrated Pest and Disease Management

245
 [ABS-202]
Inhibition test of betel extract (Piper betle L.) and Tembelekan (Lantana camara) in
suppressing anthracnose growth (Colletotrichum acutatum) Cayenne Chili (Capsicum
frutescens) in-vitro

Ummul Khalifah (a), Nur Amin (a), Muhammad Junaid (a)

a) Department of Plant Pests and Diseases, Hasanuddin University, South Sulawesi, Indonesia

Abstract

The continuous and excessive use of fungicides will disrupt the balance of the environment and
is directly harmful to the health of consumers. The use of plants as botanical pesticides is an
ecologically safe control method that has begun to be developed. The purpose of this study was
to determine the effectiveness of betel and tembelekan extracts and the effect of the
concentrations used in suppressing the growth of Colletotrichum acutatum fungi. Extraction was
carried out using the meseration method, then the extract was concentrated using a rotary
vaccum evaporator repeatedly until a concentrated solution was obtained. In the test of using
treatments with several concentrations, namely K0:0% K1:0,5%, K2:2%, K3:3,5%, K4:5%.
Tests were carried out by growing C. acutatum mycelium on PDA media that had been mixed
with plant extract solutions according to the treatment concentration. Colletotrichum acutatum
mycelium was taken by cutting the PDA which was overgrown with a pure culture of C.
acutatum with a media cutter using a cork borer. The results showed that, the higher the
concentration of the extract given would reduce the colony diameter of Colletotrichum acutatum
and increase the percentage of inhibition. Betel extract at a concentration of 5% had the highest
average percentage of inhibition compared to the tembelekan extract, namely 72.45%, while the
average percentage of inhibition in the tembelekan extract was lower, namely 37.97%.

Keywords: Keywords: Betel and tembelekan extract, Colletotrichum acutatum.

Topic: Integrated Pest and Disease Management

246
 [ABS-226]
Effectivity of various extracts for controlling blast disease (Pyricularia Oryzae) on rice

Ade Sugiarti Kumalasari (a), Djuniarty MD (a), Endah Wijayanti (a)

a) University Islamic Of Macassar

Abstract

The use of natural pesticides for controlling Plant Pest Organisms (OPT). has been done by our
ancestors before the era of the green revolution which forced farmers to increase production
through the supply of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Now a days, special attention has been
intensified in the development of natural pesticides to reduce the risk of environmental damage
from the use of chemical pesticides. It is known that Indonesian is rich in potential biodiversity
as a natural pesticide, including gadung tubers, biduri flowers, betel leaves, garlic, clove leaves,
soursop leaves and so on. The rice plant is one of the priority food crops of the Ministry of
Agriculture at this time, but in its development, it is experiencing problems with the attacks of
several major diseases including blast disease (Pyricularia oryzae). Farmers control the disease
with the use of chemical pesticides which we are aware of the negative impact on the
environment. This study aims to test the effectiveness of the extract which is effective in
controlling rice blast disease and can be a recommendation for control at the farmer level. The
research included the preparation of P.oryzae isolates, the manufacture of extracts from 4 types
of plants, namely gadung tubers, biduri flowers, piper betle leaves and garlic. Field research was
carried out in Maros Regency using a randomized block design consisting of six treatments each
repeated four times. Ciherang rice varieties are sown first, two weeks after planting (MST) is
inoculated with P. oryzae which has been propagated on rice and rice husk media. The
application of vegetable extract spraying was carried out at the age of 3 MST, 5 MST and 7
MST. The results showed that the betel leaf extract gave effective results in controlling P. oryzae

Keywords: sults in controlling P. oryzae Keywords: Natural pesticides, effectivity, Pyricularia

oryzae

Topic: Integrated Pest and Disease Management

247
 [ABS-240]
The existence of pests and its natural enemies on various pematang plants in the rice field
ecosystem

Desriani (a), Nurariaty Agus (b*), and Vien Sartika Dewi (b)

a) Magister Program, Department of Plant Pest and disease, Faculty of Agriculture Hasanuddin
University Makassar, South Sulawesi 90245, Indonesia.
b) Department of Plant pests and diseases, Faculty of Agriculture Hasanuddin University Makassar, South
Sulawesi 90245, Indonesia

*nurariatyagus@gmail.com

Abstract

The stability of the rice field ecosystem is not only determined by the diversity of community
structures but also by the characteristics and interactions of the components. This study aims to
determine the diversity of insects pests and its natural enemies in the rice field ecosystem in
Marannu village, Mattirobulu district, Pinrang regency, South Sulawesi Province, from July to
October 2020. The types of pematang plants were treated, namely cucumbers (Cucumis sativus),
corn (Zea mays), long beans (Vigna unguicula) and zinnia flowers (Zinnia elegans). Sampling
using a insect net and a pitt-fall trap is then put into a plastic tick and identified.
The results showed that there were three parasitoid species from the same order and ten
predatory species from six different orders. The dominant parasitoid species was Trichogramma
sp., While the largest predator was Lasius niger. In addition, 18 species of pests from six orders
were found.

Keywords: biodiversity- refugia- parasitoids- predators- pest

Topic: Integrated Pest and Disease Management

248
 [ABS-243]
Mortality of leptocorisa acuta in various dosage of metarhizium anisopliae

Dian Ekawati Sari (a), Moh. Noor Amin Sholeh (a), Hamdayanty (b), Bakhtiar (c)

a) Agrotechnology Study Program, Muhammadiyah Sinjai University, Sinjai, Sulawesi Selatan

b) Department of Pest and Plant Diseases, Hasanuddin University, Sulawesi Selatan
c) Food crop and Horticulture Protection Institute, Maros, Sulawesi Selatan.

Abstract

The main pest of rice plants that attacks in the generative phase and can cause crop failure is
Leptocorisa acuta. L. acuta attacks rice plants by sucking rice seeds during the milk ripening
phase. This pest control still uses chemical pesticides. The use of chemical compounds at the
farm level is very high which has the potential to damage the environment and residues in
agricultural products so that control efforts are needed by utilizing the entomopathogenic fungus
Metarhizium anisopliae. This study aims to determine the effect of M. anisopliae fungal
mortality against L. acuta. The results showed that all treatments with M. anisopliae were
significantly different from the control. The highest percentage of mortality was found in the
treatment of the fungus M. anisopliae at a dose of 60 grams / l. water was 100% with an average
time of death on day 3 after application and an average growth rate of 2.25 after L. acuta died. In
50 gram / l treatment. water and 40 grams / l. of water, respectively, the percentage of mortality
was 100% with an average time of death 3.25 and 3.5 days with an average growth fungus rate of
2.5 after L. acuta died.

Keywords: Mortality, L. acuta, M. anisopliae

Topic: Integrated Pest and Disease Management

249
 [ABS-253]
Rapid detection of Burkholderia glumae causal agent of grain rot disease in rice seed from
Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi using ELISA

Andi Alfian Darmawan (a), Tutik Kuswinanti (a*), Asman (a)

a) Plant Pest and Disease Department, Agriculture Faculty, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245,
Indonesia

*koeswinanti@yahoo.com

Abstract

Bacterial grain rot in rice plants caused by Burkholderia glumae becomes a serious threat
because it is a seed borne pathogen that causes severe damage to rice plantations in several
regency at South Sulawesi. This study aimed to rapidly detect of B. glumae causal agent of grain
rot disease in rice seed from Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi. Samples were obtained in 10
districts in the main rice producing areas of Gowa regency, South Sulawesi. Sampling using Non
Probability Sampling method. 10 Samples that showing grain rot symptoms were detected using
Indirect ELISA test with monoclonal antibody. The detection results shown that 9 out of 10
districts are confirmed positive for B. glumae bacteria.

Keywords: Bacterial Grain Rot, Burkholderia glumae, ELISA

Topic: Integrated Pest and Disease Management

250
 [ABS-304]
The relationship between the presence of several ant species with Phytopthora palmivora
which causes pod rot in conventional and unconventional cocoa plantations

Ahdin Gassa (a*), Muhammad Junaid (a), Fatahuddin Fatahuddin (b), and Muh. Jayadi (c)

a) Cocoa Research Group, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245,Indonesia

b) Department of Plant Pests and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Makassar
90245,Indonesia
c) Department of Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Makassar
90245,Indonesia

*agasahdin@yahoo.com

Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the intensity of the attack of
Phythopthora palmivora and the presence of ants species such as Iridomyrmex cordatus,
Oechophylla smaragdina, and Dolichoderus thoracius, on conventional (untreated) land and
pesticide-applied land (non-conventional). The research implementation method was to
determine 75 trees per land, then divided into 5 replications and each replication consisting of 15
sample trees, then in each trial area observed the presence of several ant species and the intensity
of the attack of Phythopthora palmivora. The results of the research in Campalagian subdistrict
(conventional / untreated, traditional land) showed the presence of Iridomyrmex cordatus with an
attack intensity of 41.73% Phythopthora pod rot and no pod rot in the presence of Oechophylla
smaragdina in the trial area (0.00%). Furthermore, Polewali Subdistrict (unconventional /
untreated land) showed the presence of Dolichoderus thoracius with an intensity of pod rot
attacks of 2.60% and no pod rot in the presence of Iridomyrmex cordatus (0.00%).

Keywords: Iridomyrmex cordatus, Oechophylla smaragdina, Dolichoderus thoracius,

Phytopthora palmivora, Cocoa pod rot

Topic: Integrated Pest and Disease Management

251
 [ABS-17]
Tolerance response of ten chili genotypes in limited watering condition

Redy Gaswanto (a*), Neni Gunaeni (a)

a) Indonesian Vegetables Research Institute, Jln. Tangkuban Parahu No. 517, Lembang, Bandung Barat,
Indonesia 40391

*redwanto_1@yahoo.co.id

Abstract

Ten chili genotypes of germplasm collection had been evaluated in limited watering condition.
The purpose of this research was to obtain genetic material that can be used in breeding program.
The study was conducted from February to December 2017 at Indonesian Vegetable Research
Institute, Lembang (1,250 m sal). The research used a factorial design with three replications.
The first factor was ten chili genotypes and the second factor was the frequency of watering (F0
= daily watering- F1 = watering with interval two days- F2 = watering with interval four days-
F3 = watering with interval six days). The seedlings were planted in plastic pots with media soil
and sand (1: 2), then be applied the treatments. The population number of each genotype per
treatment was 15 plants/replication. The results showed that genotype ANS had better tolerance
in limited watering condition compared to other genotypes by some mechanisms, i.e the smallest
change in total amount of chlorophyll content but increase in proline content, and reduction in
leaf area and stomata number. These result could determine a good strategy for each genotype to
be improved as a new variety that tolerance in limited watering condition.

Keywords: Capsicum annuum- Limited watering- Pre evaluate- Tolerance

Topic: Plant Breeding and Biotechnology

252
 [ABS-275]
Fermentation of arabic coffee seeds coffea arabica using probiotic bacteria from domestic
chickens gallus domesticus

Alma Amalia Sukriyadi (a), Dirayah Rauf Husain (a*), Andi Ilham Latunra (a), Nurul Iqraini (a),
Riuh Wardhani (a)

a) Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Hasanuddin University

*dirayahrh@unhas.ac.id

Abstract

The Research about fermentation of coffee Coffea arabica using a consortium of probiotic
bacteria which is a collection from the microbiology laboratory of the Faculty of Mathematics
and Natural Sciences, Hasanuddin University has been carried out on. This study aims to
determined the flavor of arabica coffee C. arabica and its chemical composition after the
fermentation process. The length of fermentation time was divided into 2 times, namely 24 hours
and 36 hours, fermentation using a consortium of probiotic bacteria that had been rejuvenated on
coffee peel media for 2 x 24 hours. Organoleptic testing was carried out to see the panelists^
preference for the taste, color and aroma of coffee after fermentation. The results showed that
coffee with a 24-hour fermentation time was the most liked by the panelists with the category
slightly less acidic taste, slightly black color, and normal aroma. The GC-MS test results showed
organic compounds formed after the fermentation process. In the 24-hour control sample there
were 14 types of organic compounds, the sample with the addition of a consortium of probiotic
bacteria contained 11 types of organic compounds, the 36-hour control sample contained 11
types of organic compounds, and samples with the addition of a consortium of probiotic bacteria
contained 13 types of organic compounds.

Keywords: Fermentation- Arabic Coffee- Probiotic bacteria- Coffea arabica

Topic: Plant Breeding and Biotechnology

253
 [ABS-278]
Determination of phosphorus status on Duku (Lansium domesticum) seedling

Desi Hernita (a*), Roedhy Poerwanto (b), Anas D Susila (b) dan Syaiful Anwar (c)

a) Jambi Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology, Indonesia

b) Department of Agronomi and Horticulture, Bogor Agriculture University, Indonesia
c) Department of Soil Science and Land Resource, Bogor Agriculture University, Indonesia

Abstract

Symptoms of P deficiency or excessive can be seen mainly in the leaves. The sign can be
detected visually and can be done by to identifying P concentration in the each condition. The
study of P status was conducted in Jambi Provinces, which was apply on duku seedling that
planted in sand culture. The study was conducted in randomized complete block design, with
five treatments that consisted of three plants each treatment and in three replications. The
treatments consisted of five P levels: 0, 50, 100, 200, and 400 ppm. The results showed that P
deficiency symptoms were characterized by stunted growth of seedlings, green-brownish and
lusterless discoloration, number of leaves < 4.56 and leaf P concentration < 0.09% (very low
nutrient status) and 0.09 &#8804- P < 0.14% (low nutrient status). Sufficienly of P concentration
was characterized by normal growth, shiny green leaves, number of leaves 4.56-7.00 and leaf P
concentration 0.14 &#8804- P < 0.25% (medium nutrient status). Symptoms of excessive P was
showed by stunted growth of seedlings, green leaves with yellow and necrotic spots on the leaf
blade, number of leaves < 4.56, P concentrations in the leaf &#8805- 0.25% (high and very high
nutrient status). The maximum growth of duku seedling for very low nutrient status was 195 ppm
P.

Keywords: Phosphorus, seedling,nutrient

Topic: Plant Breeding and Biotechnology

254
 [ABS-281]
Potential of local orchid as a source of material for genetic improvement in Central
Kalimantan

Ronny Yuniar Galingging (a)

a) Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology (AIAT)

of Central Kalimantan - Indonesia Address: Jl. G. Obos KM 5 Palangka Raya , Kalimantan Tengah

Abstract

The Central Kalimantan Province covers an area of 15.380.000 ha or about 7.93 % of Indonesian
area and consists of coastal region open waters and open land area, owns a potential biodiversity
such as orchidaceae. The Central Kalimantan consisted of various type of lands e.g. peats soil,
acid sulphate and up land. Potential of the orchid^s in Central Kalimantan forest scattered in
various forest areas and it is in high diversity various life, form and uses. Method of study: the
exploration and colection were conducted at six districts, i.e. Kotawaringin Timur, Kotawaringin
Barat, Barito Timur, Barito Selatan, Barito Utara and Murung Raya, from March 2016 until
December 2018. The aim of this study was as follows: (1). The exploration process, (2). The ex-
situ and in-situ conservation, (3). The characterization process, (4). The documentation process.
The results of these activities was there were an ex situ collection of 8 accessions of medicinal
plants that can be used as a source of material for genetic improvement. The orchid plant^s
conservation could be through in-situ and or ex-situ. The in-situ conservation held by manage the
forest area as the natural habitat of the material for genetic improvement, while the ex-situ
conservation held outside of the native habitats. Wise utilization and research activities are
important in conservation of the material for genetic improvement Central Kalimantan.

Keywords: orchid, conservation

Topic: Plant Breeding and Biotechnology

255
 [ABS-30]
Agronomic characteristics of elite soybean lines and the response to pod shattering

Ayda Krisnawati (a), Yuliantoro Baliadi (a), Eriyanto Yusnawan (a), Andy Wijanarko (a), M.
Muchlish Adie (a)

a) Indonesian Legume and Tuber Crops Research Institute (ILETRI)

Abstract

The soybean productivity can be increased simultaneously by improving the genetic potential
and saving the yield losses due to pod shattering. The research aimed to evaluate the agronomic
characters of 14 soybean elite lines and two check varieties and to identify their resistance to pod
shattering. The experiment was conducted in two stages, i.e. field, and laboratory research. The
field experiment was conducted in Mojokerto (East Java, Indonesia) from February to May 2019,
and arranged in a randomized block design using 16 soybean genotypes with four replications.
When the plants were in the R8 phase, five plants were randomly taken from each genotype to be
tested their resistance to pod shattering using the oven-dry method in the laboratory of ILETRI,
Malang. The agronomic characters of days to flowering, days to maturity, 100 seed weight, and
seed yield were significantly different between genotypes, meanwhile, the other agronomic
characters (plant height, number of nodes, number of branches, number of empty pods, number
of filled pods, seed weight per plant) were not significantly different. The range of seed yield of
14 elite lines was 2.76 - 3.14 t/ha, and the check varieties of Anjasmoro and Gema were 2.56 t/ha
and 2.76 t/ha, respectively. All elite lines have large seed size but medium maturity. The
shattering evaluation obtained two resistant lines and twelve highly susceptible lines to pod
shattering. Two high yielded elite lines (3.14 t/ha and 3.11 t/ha, respectively) showed a highly
susceptible reaction to pod shattering. The two resistant elite lines produced a yield of 3.0 t/ha
and 2.97 t/ha, respectively. Those four elite lines could be recommended for varietal
development, but with the implication that the high yielded lines but susceptible to shattering
need to be harvested immediately after maturity. On the contrary, it was possible to delay harvest
for the resistant elite lines without causing significant yield losses.

Keywords: harvest delay, high yield, yield losses, improved variety

Topic: Plant Breeding and Biotechnology

256
 [ABS-40]
Propagation of mycorrhizal fungi at various combinations of organic culture media

Muhammad Akhsan Akib(a*), Andi Nuddin(a), Retno Prayudyaningsih(b), Tutik Kuswinanti(c),

Syatriyanty Andi Syaiful(c), Sarjiya Antonius(d).

a) Universitas Muhammadiyah Parepare. South Sulawesi, 91131. Indonesia.

b) Environment and Forestry Research and Development Institute of Makassar. South Sulawesi, 90243,
Indonesia.
c) Hasanuddin University. South Sulawesi, 90245, Indonesia.
d) Indonesian Institute of Science. Jakarta, 12710, Indonesia.

*akhsanbagus@yahoo.co.id

Abstract

Utilization of arbuscular mycorrhizal spores carrier media which has heavyweight, not optimal
utilization of organic material as arbuscular mycorrhiza inoculant carrier, and founded of
arbuscular mycorrhizal spores which have wide adaptability and tolerance on land contaminated
with heavy metals are the basis for implementation of this research. The aim of this research was
to determine combination of organic culture media which is good for increasing the abundance
and diameter of indigenous Gigaspora sp. This research was carried out at Universitas
Muhammadiyah Parepare, and Balai Penelitian dan Pengembangan Lingkungan Hidup dan
Kehutanan Makassar. The research was compiled using a completely randomized design. The
combination treatment of organic culture media used was a combination of rice husk charcoal,
sand, zeolite- rice husk charcoal, sand, sawdust- rice husk charcoal, sand, cocopeat- rice husk
charcoal, sand, paddy soil- rice husk charcoal, sand, cold larva. The results showed that
combination of rice husk charcoal, sand, cocopeat- and combination of rice husk charcoal, sand,
paddy soil gives the best results on growth and development of Gigaspora spores. Combination
of rice husk charcoal, sand, and cocopeat, can be recommended as media an effective, efficient,
and inexpensive spore carrier medium, but should be used after decomposing into compost.

Keywords: carrier media-rice husk charcoal-cocopeat-endomycorrhizal-sawdust.

Topic: Plant Breeding and Biotechnology

257
 [ABS-296]
Development of image-based phenotyping for selection characters of rice adaptability on
the seedling salinity screening

Muhammad Fuad Anshori (a*), Muh Farid (a), Nasaruddin (a), Yunus Musa (a), Hari Iswoyo
(a), Andi Isti Sakinah (b), Muh Arifuddin (c), Adinda Asri Laraswati (b)

a)Agronomy Department, Agriculture Faculty, Hasanuddin University

b)Agriculture System Graduate Scholar, Graduate School, Hasanuddin University
c)Agrotechnology Graduate Scholar, Graduate School, Hasanuddin University

*fuad.pbt15@gmail.com

Abstract

Development of adaptability rice under salinity stress needs effective and selective methods in
the screening process. The seedling screening method is a general method used in salinity
screening. However, this screening method often uses conventional observation in its screening
process. This observation is rated that has a high error level. Therefore, the development of a
digital approach through image-based phenotyping expected could minimize the error in the
adaptability screening. This study was designed with a nested randomized complete group
design, where replications were nested in a stressful environment. The stressed environment in
this study was normal (0 mM NaCl) and salinity stress (120 mM NaCl). The genotype used
consisted of 8 genotypes which were repeated three times. The number of characters observed
was nine image-based phenotyping. The results of this study showed that green percentage, the
3rd leaf length, and total area were the selection characters of image-based phenotyping under
seedling salinity screening. Besides that, the used adaptability index in salinity screening became
a good approach in considered and distinguished tolerance responses among varieties, especially
to Pokkali (tolerant control variety) and IR 29 (sensitive control variety). Based on this study,
application of image-based phenotyping recommended in the screening process of line
adaptability under salinity stress.

Keywords: Adaptability, Image processing, Hydroponic culture, Pokkali, Salinity stress

Topic: Plant Breeding and Biotechnology

258
 [ABS-299]
The growing of taro Colocasia esculenta Var. Antiquorum plantlet in several media during
acclimatization stage

M Tuwo (a), E Tambaru (a)

a) Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Hasanuddin,

Makassar, South Sulawesi, 90245

Abstract

Acclimatization is an attempt to conditioning the plantlets or micro shoots propagated by tissue

culture to the environment outside the bottle. This study aims to know the effect of media
acclimatization on the growth of taro plantlets in vitro cultures. This study used 3 types of media
treatments. (P1): Soil, manure and rice husks (1: 1: 1)- (P2) Soil: manure : cocopeat (1: 1: 2)-
(P3) rice husk and sand (1: 1). The results showed that the growth medium consisting of soil,
manure, and rice husk with a composition of 1: 1: 1 gave the best results on percentage of life,
plant height growth, number of leaves and number of roots compared to other media used.

Keywords: satoimo, acclimatization, medium

Topic: Plant Breeding and Biotechnology

259
 [ABS-44]
Sterility of 20 F-1 genotypes derived from hybridization of several chili’s lines with M1
male sterile

Redy Gaswanto (a*)

a) Indonesian Vegetables Research Institute, Jln. Tangkuban Parahu No. 517,

Lembang, Bandung Barat, Indonesia 40391

*redwanto_1@yahoo.co.id

Abstract

Some open pollinated (OP) chili varieties seed already had been irradiated successfully by
gamma rays (400-600 Gy) to obtain four plant individuals M1 male sterile. These sterile
individuals could be used as a breeding material for F1 chili^s cyto-genic male sterile (CGMS)
hybrid. The purposes was to evaluate sterility trait of 20 F1 genotypes derived from
hybridization of several chili^s lines with four M1 male sterile individuals until could be
categorized as candidate lines of male sterile, maintainer, and restorer. The research conducted at
Indonesian Vegetables Research Institute, Lembang (1,250 m sal) from April to December 2018.
The research used Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The
population of each hybridization genotype was 10 plants/replication. Sterility trait evaluation was
observed by fruitful ability of various flower^s grouping positions (under, middle, upper) on
each hybridization genotype plant. The research result showed that there were two chili
genotypes categorized as sterile lines and five genotypes as fertile lines. Male parent of sterile
genotypes was a maintainer line, whereas male parent of fertile genotypes could be a restorer line
candidate.

Keywords: cytoplasmic male sterile, maintainer, restorer, F-1 hybrid, gamma rays irradiation

Topic: Plant Breeding and Biotechnology

260
 [ABS-48]
Rice grain quality evaluation of some promising lines for swampy rice and upland rice

Dody D. Handoko (a), Aris Hairmansis (a), Rini Hermanasari (a), Indrastuti A. Rumanti (a),
Untung Susanto (a), Trias Sitaresmi (a), Yudhistira Nugraha (a)

a) Indonesian Center for Rice Research, Sukamandi, Subang, Jawa Barat, Indonesia

Abstract

The research aimed to determine the rice grain quality of some promising lines from the
advanced breeding generation of swampy rice and upland rice. The research material was 43
rough rice samples from the multilocation test of swampy rice (16 rice lines, 3 variety checks)
and upland rice (20 rice lines, 4 variety checks) harvested in 2018. All rough rice samples were
analyzed the rough rice physical quality, milled rice physical quality, milling quality,
physicochemical quality, and organoleptic quality (scoring test and hedonic test). The results
showed that in general, the promising lines of swampy rice had higher values of unpolished rice
yield, polished rice yield, head rice percentage, and protein content than those of upland rice. In
addition, the promising lines of swampy rice had lower empty rough rice and immature+ chalky
grain than those of upland rice lines. Among the promising lines of swampy rice, B13926E-KA-
43, B13931E-KA-33, and BP30400F-KA-5 had the highest head rice percentage, unpolished rice
yield, and polished rice yield, whereas, among the promising lines of upland rice, B15392D-KR-
12, B15511D-KR-20, and B15514D-KR-5 had the highest head rice percentage, unpolished rice
yield, and polished rice yield.

Keywords: rice grain quality, promising rice lines, swampy rice, upland rice

Topic: Plant Breeding and Biotechnology

261
 [ABS-64]
Selection of several hybrid maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes under low nitrogen condition

Azmi Nur Karimah Amas (a), Muhammad Yusril Hardiansyah (a), Yunus Musa (a) and Andi
Rusdayani Amin (a)

a) Department of Agronomy, Agrotechnology Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin

University, Makassar, Indonesia

Abstract

Nitrogen is an important nutrient that is needed by maize plants in all growth stages. Low soil N
nutrient content is a limiting factor in efforts to increase the maize production. Hybrid maize
varieties are generally very responsive to fertilization and have high yields in optimal
environments in contrast to abiotic stress conditions such as low nitrogen. Therefore, it is
necessary to develop hybrid maize with low N tolerance by genotyping at low N fertilization
conditions. The research aims to obtain a genotypes of low nitrogen tolerant hybrid maize with
high production and to determine which characters have high heritability values. The research
was carried out in the Experimental Garden of the Cereals Plant Research Institute, Bajeng
Subdistrict, Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi Province. The research was arranged in a Split Plot
Design with the main plot is a dose of nitrogen (0 kg N/ha, 100 kg N/ha, 200 kg N/ha) while
subplots were genotypes hybrid maize consist of 12 genotypes and 3 comparative varieties (Nasa
29, Bisi 18, and Jakarin 1). The results showed that the hybrid nitrogen tolerant genotypes of low
nitrogen with high production were AVLN 83-2 x AVLN 124-9 genotypes in the treatment
without nitrogen fertilization and AVLN 83-2 x AVLN 32-8, AVLN 83-2 x AVLN 124-4 ,
AVLN 83-2 x AVLN 124-9, AVLN 83-2 x AVLN 100-1, AVLN 122-2 x AVLN 124-9, AVLN
122-2 x AVLN 100-1, and AVLN 118-7 x AVLN 124- 9 at a nitrogen dose of 100 kg/ha. The
conclusion of this research is that there are several genotypes that are tolerant of low nitrogen
and there are several characters with high heritability values such as ear weight, ear diameter, ear
length, 1000 seed weight, and productivity.

Keywords: Selection, hybrid maize, nitrogen.

Topic: Plant Breeding and Biotechnology

262
 [ABS-103]
Identification of Fungi associated with the soil area of natural forest and post-mining area
of PT Vale Indonesia

S W Jufri (a), A Arif (a), I Iswanto (a), S H Larekeng (a)

a) Faculty of forestry, Universitas Hasanuddin

Abstract

This study aimed to identify fungi that are able to inform the microbes associated with post-
mining forest soil of PT. Vale Indonesia. Here, we used the descriptive method by noting and
drawing the observed phenomena. Sample collection in the field was carried out by collecting
500 g of soil per spot (three repetitions). The samples were from the rooting area or rhizosphere
at 10-30 cm of depth in natural forest and reclamation areas. Isolating for growing the microbes
was using the dilution technique. The purification of the obtained isolates was performed by
inoculating in the PDA media with the point method, then incubated for +- five days at 27 oC
and their growth was observed. Characterization of microscopic fungi isolates was identified
based on the characteristics of their morphological structures. Initial research results of fungi soil
samples from reclamation and natural forest areas obtained 11 rhizosphere fungi isolates. Based
on the fungi colonies^ color at the top and bottom, they had various colors and different textures.
The color was dominated by greenish and whitish, but some isolates had white, brown, cream,
gray, yellowish, whitish, greenish, and spots. The texture was dominated by velvet, but some
isolates had fine cotton and coarse cotton textures that were assumed as Aspergillus niger,
Aspergillus sp, Fusarium oxysporum, Penicillium sp., Trichoderma harzianum, and Trichoderma
viride. This study will be followed by validating the type and function of each isolate.

Keywords: Fungi, post-mining, identification

Topic: Plant Breeding and Biotechnology

263
 [ABS-109]
Identification of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria in rhizosphere of bamboo thorns
with gram methylene blue and lugol staining

Muhammad Yusril Hardiansyah (a*), Yunus Musa (a), Abdul Mollah Jaya (a)

a) Department of Agronomy, Agrotechnology Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin

University, Makassar, Indonesia

Abstract

Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria is a group of mirorooganisms that can increase plant
growth and yield through reactions that occur in the soil, however, the large number of
microorganisms contained in the PGPR rhizosphere of bamboo thorns makes it difficult to know
which bacteria are the most dominant and most active in influencing plants. Generally, gram
staining of bacteria aims to facilitate the observation of bacterial morphology with the aid of a
microscope. Bacteria are generally colorless and almost invisible due to the lack of contrast with
the water in which they may be present. Staining using methylene blue and lugol is generally
needed to see the bacteria clearly. This study aims to determine the effect of using the gram stain
test method with methylene blue and lugol in identifying PGPR bacteria from rhizosphere of
bamboo thorn. This research was conducted at the Laboratory of Biological Fertilizers and
Potential Microbes, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University in October-December 2019.
The research methods included the manufacture of microorganism planting media, pouring
media, planting bacteria using the scatter and scratch method, and the gram reaction test using
methylene blue and lugol. The results obtained showed that the use of the gram test with
methylene blue and lugol resulted in a blue color which indicated the dominance of the genus
Pseudomonas, while the pink/purple color indicated the dominance of the genus Bacillus.
Changes in the color of the bacteria to pink/dark purple, the bacteria were gram negative and
belong to the Pseudomonas group and there was a change in blue, so the bacteria were gram-
positive and were group of Bacillus. Therefore, the use of the gram test with methylene blue and
lugol has an optimal effect in detecting microorganisms especially in identifying PGPR.

Keywords: Gram Test, Lugol, Methylen Blue, Microorganisms, Thorn Bamboo

Topic: Plant Breeding and Biotechnology

264
 [ABS-112]
Testing viability of Burik Sinjai local rice seeds with the using top of paper method

Dian yustisia (a), Kahar Mustari (a), Tutik Kuswinanti (a), Amir Jassi (a)

a) Hasanuddin University

Abstract

The development of seed technology is the first step in plant cultivation activities. One of the
important seed activities is testing the germination and growth strength of a seed. Dotted rice is a
potential local variety because it has a distinctive aroma and delicious taste. This variety is also
resistant to pests and diseases. Along with the times, introduced rice is increasingly diverse and
superior, local farmers are starting to leave this local variety, besides because it has a long
harvest period, also because some farmers still use conventional methods so that this local
variety is increasingly rare in the area origin. The results of this study indicate that the
germination of local Burik rice seeds using the endophytic fungal metabolite filtrate technology
on paper test method gave the best results on the viability of local Burik rice seeds.

Keywords: Local seeds, germination, endophytic fungi

Topic: Plant Breeding and Biotechnology

265
 [ABS-133]
The dynamics of physiological properties of ebony (Diospyros celebica bakh) based on
crown position and altitude

S A Paembonan (a), S H Larengkeng (b), S Millang (a)

a) Silviculture Laboratory, Faculty of Forestry, Hasanuddin University, Makassar.

a) Forestry Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Forestry, Hasanuddin University, Makassar.

Abstract

Knowledge of the physiological properties of tree species is one of the basic requirements in
determining the prescription silvicultural treatment of stands in nature. This study aims to
analyze the physiological characteristics of the species of ebony (Diospyros celebica Bakh), as
one of the potential endemic species of Sulawesi, based on leaf position in the crown and
differences in altitude. Leaf sampling locations were in the Hasanuddin University Educational
Forest (507 m asl) and Makassar city (16 m asl). The research variables consisted of: number of
stomata, size of stomata, leaf stomata index, and leaf chlorophyll content. The results showed
that the highest number of stomata was found in the leaves exposed to the sunlights with 52,900
stomata/mm2 compared to 29,800 stomata / mm2 in shaded leaves. Likewise, the highest
chlorophyll content was found in leaves exposed to the sunlights of 0.043 mg/L and shaded
leaves of 0.034 mg /L. The difference occurs based on differences in altitude as well. The
number of stomata in the lower area was 42,200 stomata/mm2, while in the high area was 57,600
stomata / mm2. The chlorophyll content in the low area was 0.045 mg/L and in the high area it
was 0.041.mg/L. The higher a place, the more the number of stomata increases, this is inversely
proportional to the size of the stomata and the stomata index, while the number of chlorophylls is
not significantly different.

Keywords: Ebony (Diospyros celebica Bakh), leaf stomata, chlorophyll content, altitude,
silvicultural prescription

Topic: Plant Breeding and Biotechnology

266
 [ABS-140]
Amplification of rbcl and matK genome regions in bamboo plant species: preliminaries
studies

Jeni Oktavina Kamben Patintingan (a), Siti Halimah Larekeng (a), Muh. Restu (a)

a) Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Hasanuddin

Abstract

bamboo is widely used as a raw material for creative industries with economic value. About 157
species or 10% types of bamboo growing in Indonesia and 50% are endemic to Indonesia.
Morphological and molecular identifications are required as the basic information for the
hybridization and selection strategies. Morphological identification is performed based on
morphological characters. Molecular identification can be assessed using DNA barcoding.
According to the CBOL plant group, matK and rbcL are the best barcode combination for plants.
In this research, we selected five matK and two rbcL primers to obtain primers that are able to
amplify bamboo DNA from 2nd regional of forest seed/seedling office. Only three out of seven
primers, matK 4, matK 5, and rbcL 1, could amplify the evaluated DNAs. matK 2, matK 7, matK
8, and rbcL 4 did not produce any PCR products. rbcL 1 and matK5 generated PCR
amplification products, which were 700 bp in size. The size of PCR products using matK4 was
900bp. This primer amplified 15 of 16 the evaluated samples.

Keywords: bamboo, DNA barcoding, matK, rbcL

Topic: Plant Breeding and Biotechnology

267
 [ABS-159]
The effect of explant size and addition of antiviral ribavirin on proiferation of meristematic
Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L)

Asih K. Karjadi (a) and Nurmalita Waluyo (a)

a) Indonesia Vegetable Research Institute

Abstract

The potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L) are belongs to genus solanacearum which is propagated
vegetatively through tubers or cuttings. Viral systemic diseases is an important that can be
carried on the seed, with unconventional techniques of tissue culture combined with
chemotherapy can help to eliminated systemic diseases, especially viruses. The research activity
was carried out in the tissue culture laboratory of Indonesian Vegetable Research Institute
(IVEGRI) on April untill November 2018. This activity aimed to observed the application of
antiviral Ribavirin on MS medium to the growth and development of meristematic tissue (E1),
shoot tip (E2), (2), antiviral Ribavirin consentration (0- 5- 10 mg/l) with MS supplement GA3
0.15 mg/l , kinetin 0.1 mg/l , CaP 2 mg/l , Myo inositol 100 mg/l , coconut water 100 ml/l
,sucrose 30 g/l , agar 6.5 g/l , pH 5.7 (3) The varieties were Granola, Median and Atlantic .The
results of experiment (1) percentage growth and development meristematic on 4 WAP 50 - 80%,
contamination 20 - 50%. (2) percentage of normal growth 40 - 50 , average number of shoot 0.25
- 0.95, the number of nodes 0.35 - 2.50, roots 0.20 - 0.93. (3) visual observation of antiviral
Ribavirin on MS media visually influences growth and explant shoot tip growth better than
meristem of the three variety .

Keywords: Potato ( Solanum tuberosum L)- Antiviral Ribavirin - Meristematic tissue

Topic: Plant Breeding and Biotechnology

268
 [ABS-218]
Changes in agronomic tolerance of several genotypes of maize to waterlogging

Ahmad Muliadi (a), Yustisia (b), Amin Nur (c), and Muhammad Azrai (a)

a) Indonesian Cereals Research Institute

b) South Sumatra Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology
c) Gorontalo Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology

Abstract

Waterlogging is a major factor in reducing crop yields. To increase plant productivity in

temporarily waterlogged soils, the development of waterlogging tolerant lines is needed. This
study aims to determine the genotype of maize that is tolerant of waterlogging and
morphological characters that can be used for selection criteria. The experiment was carried out
in greenhouse of Maros experimental farm. A total of 40 maize genotypes and 2 check varieties,
namely MGold and Bima 19, were tested using a randomized block design, 3 replications.
Screening was carried out in 2 conditions, namely waterlogged and normal conditions. Based on
the waterlogging sensitivity index (WSI), the WSI value was different for each variable. The
results of the main component analysis showed that the variables that had a major influence on
the diversity of tolerance of maize genotypes to waterlogging stress were plant height and root
length so that they could be used as selection characters for waterlogging stress. Genotypes
classified as tolerant are G3, G3, G4, G5, G8, and G13.

Keywords: Keywords: tolerance, genotype, maize, waterlogging

Topic: Plant Breeding and Biotechnology

269
 [ABS-242]
effect of the fermentation process using a consortium of probiotic bacteria on the flavor of
arabica coffee coffea arabica

Nural Iqraini (a), Dirayah Rauf Husain (a*), Andi Ilham Latunra (a), Alma Amalia (a), Riuh
Wardhani (a)

a) Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Hasanuddin University

*dirayahrh@unhas.ac.id

Abstract

The research about the fermentation of coffee Coffea arabica using a consortium of probiotic
bacteria has been carried out. This study aims to determined the flavor of arabica coffee C.
arabica and its chemical composition after the fermentation process. The fermentation time was
divided into 3 times, consists of 24 hours, 36 hours, and 48 hours using a container measuring 10
L, each containing 1.5 kg of coffee and 75 mL of rejuvenated probiotic bacteria cultures.
Organoleptic testing was carried out to see the panelists preference for the taste and aroma of
coffee after fermentation. The results showed that coffee with a fermentation time of 48 hours
had the best taste and aroma. The GC-MS test results showed several compounds were detected
after the fermentation process including furan, phenol, propanoate acid, quinic acid, purine,
palmitic acid, pyrol, ascorbic acid, linoleic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, amines, piran, purines,
aldehydes, vitamin E, benzadrex, hexene, tocophenols and arachidic acid.

Keywords: Fermentation- arabica coffee- consortium bacteria- probiotic bacteria

Topic: Plant Breeding and Biotechnology

270
 [ABS-2]
Usability testing of an android application of tractor distribution information system (GIS
Tractor)

Andi B Kresna (a*), M Achmad (b), Iqbal (b) and A P Hanifa (c,d)

a) Batangkaluku Agricultural Training Center, Agricultural Human Resource Extension and

Development Agency, Gowa South Sulawesi, Indonesia
b) Agricultural Engineering Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Makassar,
Indonesia
c) South Sulawesi Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology, Makassar, Indonesia
d) School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand

Abstract

Lack of information in machinery distribution, including tractors, is one of challenge in

promoting mechanization and supporting information disclosure. Previous research has
developed an android application, namely GIS Tractor Maros as an improved information system
of tractor distribution in Maros. As a new android application, the respond and acceptability of
users are essential for improvement. This study was conducted to measure the acceptability of
GIS Tractor based on USE questionnaire evaluation (Usefulness, Satisfaction, and Ease of Use).
Online questionnaires are used as a research instrument which constructed as five-point Likert
rating scales to rate a set of statements. Result showed that GIS Tractor had met the five aspects
of usability testing. The use of GIS tractor android application can assist the user to locate the
distribution of tractor within Maros Regency faster than the manual system.

Keywords: android, distribution, GIS, tractor, usability

Topic: Smart Farming and Agricultural Engineering

271
 [ABS-279]
Technology intervention to unleash the flavor potential of arabica coffee from Sulawesi
highland

Salengke, S. (a*), Hasizah, A. (b), Reta, R. (c), and Mochtar, A.A. (d)

a) Agricultural Engineering Study Program, Hasanuddin University, Indonesia

b) Food Science and Technology Study Program, Hasanuddin University, Indonesia
c) Agroindustry Study Program, State Agricultural Polytechnic Pangkep, Indonesia
d) Mechanical Engineering Department, Hasanuddin University, Indonesia

*ssalengke@yahoo.co.id

Abstract

Coffee is arguably the most popular drink in the world after water and it is estimated that global
coffee consumption exceeds 1.5 billion cups every day. Today, coffee is not only consumed for
pleasure but it is also used as a catalyst for social gatherings and networking. This is due to the
fact that coffee can provide pleasurable taste and aroma. In order to optimize these organoleptic
properties, technology interventions during postharvest processing are needed to unleash the
potential flavor in coffee beans. This study was done to address this issue, especially for
improving flavor and aroma potential of arabica coffee beans from Enrekang and Tanah Toraja
in the highland of Sulawesi. Technology interventions in the form of fermentation (wet process)
and drying were carried out and flavor notes and aroma were assessed through cup test. The
results indicated that cup test scores can be improved and different flavor notes can be generated
through different processing conditions.

Keywords: Sulawesi highlands- arabica coffee- fermentation- organoleptic properties

Topic: Smart Farming and Agricultural Engineering

272
 [ABS-284]
Aplication of aqua crop model in simulation of irrigation management on paddy field in
Tanabangka village, Gowa district

B Rasyid (a), A Febrianti RSA (a), and S Laban (a)

a) Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Makassar.

Abstract

Water management in rice production is one of the important factor to ensure of rice cultivation
successfully. The purpose of this study is application of Aqua Crop model to simulate on how
much irrigation water and prediction of water supply differentiation in the area of study during
rice cultivation period. This research was conducted in Tanabangka village, Gowa district, South
Sulawesi. The stages of this research include: (1) collecting climate data, (2) calculation of water
debit by the load method, (3) soil sample analysis in the laboratory (4) analysis of data using
open source Aqua Crop Software (V. 6.1). The results of the analysis using the Aqua Crop model
show a high amount of water supply of 1157.01 mm/season with an estimated ETo average of
66.15 mm/season. Furthermore, in plot 3 the highest value of water availability is 33.35 g/g, with
the amount of water given at 766.18 mm/season, and production 6.9 tons/ha. The Aqua Crop
simulation for the management of irrigation water can be used well by taking into account the
influence of environmental factors on rice production.

Keywords: Aqua Crop model, paddy field, water management, rice production

Topic: Smart Farming and Agricultural Engineering

273
 [ABS-293]
Design and building gratter and stirrer mechine sago pith

Aliah Rahman (a), Ahmad A. Latuponu (a), Agung K. Henaulu (a)

a) Universitas Darussalam Ambon

Abstract

Abstract. This study aims to design a sago pith grating and stirring machine. Sago (Metroxylon
sp) is a carbohydrate-producing plant and has become one of the staple foods of people in
Maluku. The main population of sago plants in Maluku is scattered in the West Seram, East
Seram, Central Maluku and Buru Districts. So far, sago flour is only processed as a staple food
substitute for rice which is cultivated on a household scale, while towards industries that use
technology it has not been done optimally. Therefore, sago development needs to be supported
by several factors and one of them is technology, which with a touch of technology in sago
processing will increase the income of sago farmers and local revenue. In the Maluku region, it
takes at least 3 workers to process sago, where they have their respective duties. Smoking
(dredging) sago stalks still uses nani that is moved by humans. In terms of efficiency, it is very
time consuming if you have to cut 1 sago tree, it takes about 1-3 weeks. The equipment
specification is 47.5 cm long, 31 cm wide and 100 cm high. Using a gasoline motor as
propulsion.

Keywords: Mechine Design, Sago, Sago Pith

Topic: Smart Farming and Agricultural Engineering

274
 [ABS-121]
Farmer’s decision determining factors in harvest technology selection in rice farming

Zahara (a), Slameto (a), Asropi (a) dan Erliana Novitasari (a)

a) Balai Pengkajian Teknologi Pertanian (BPTP) Lampung

Jl. ZA Pagar Alam No 1A Rajabasa Bandar Lampung

Abstract

Development of modern agricultural sector requires agricultural tools and machinery.

Agricultural equipment and machinery technology is considered capable of increasing
agricultural production and efficiency of time and labour. Furthermore, the decision on
agricultural mechanisation usage by farmers is influenced by various factors, both internal and
external. The recent study aims to determine the influencing factors toward farmer^s decision in
harvest technology selection in rice farming. The research was conducted in Seputih Raman
District, Central Lampung Regency in October - December 2016. The farmer^s decisions
determining factors were analysed using binary logistic regression. As a results, the determining
factors were the ease of operating rice harvester machine and land ownership status by farmers.
However, requirements for new technology is easy to be adopted, one of which is the ease of
testing. Therefore, technically harvester machine assembling is not complicated and easy to
operate.

Keywords: Decision, Harvest Technology, Rice Farming

Topic: Smart Farming and Agricultural Engineering

275
 [ABS-163]
Analysis of red chili drying kinetics affected by low temperature long time blanching

Nunik Lestari (a) and Samsuar (b)

a) Department of Agricultural Technology Education, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri

Makassar, Makassar, Indonesia
b) Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar,
Indonesia

Abstract

The drying kinetics of red chilies in the effect of low temperature long time blanching were
investigated. The blanching process was carried out at 70 oC for 10, 15, and 20 minutes. The
drying process lasts for 32 to 35 hours to reduce the moisture content from 82.24% (wb) to
8.84% (wb). The experimental data were fitted to three mathematical models of thin layer
drying, namely the Herderson and Pabis, Lewis, and Page models. The result shows that Page
model is the most suitable model for predicting moisture ratio in chili drying with low
temperature long time blanching treatment. This suitability is evidenced by the highest R2 value,
which ranges from 0.9709 to 0.9786, and also the lowest RMSE and MBE values, which ranges
from 0.0503 to 0.0579 and 0.0025 to 0.0034 respectively. Meanwhile, the effective moisture
diffusivity varies from 5.6300 x 10-9 m2/s to 6.5662 x 10-9 m2/s for the treatments studied

Keywords: Drying, mathematical modelling, chilie, solar dryer, pre-treatement

Topic: Smart Farming and Agricultural Engineering

276
 [ABS-190]
The analysis of water loses in the secondary channels of Bissua irrigation

Mahmud Achmad (a), Samsuar (a), Reski Maulidya (a)

a) Department of Agricultural Engineering Faculty of Agriculture Unhas

Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan KM 10 Makassar 90245, Indonesia

Abstract

The purpose of this research is to analyze correlation between water efficiency, water loses and
channel density in the secondary channels of Bissua irrigation and figure them spatially. Channel
was sampled purposively for different dense of channel in the area based on irrigation channel
map. The water inflow and outflow were measured in the selected segmented-channels.
Discharges, evaporation and seepage data were used to determine water loses and their
efficiencies. Spatial mapping was processed using ArgGIS 10.4 to figure the location of channels
with their value of efficiencies and loses. The result shows that loses and efficiency range from
1.2 to 4.7 x10-4 m3/s/m and from 40 to 90%, respectively. With the variation of channel density
from 0.03 to 0.25 km/km2, it was found that there was negative exponential correlation between
water efficiency, water loses and channel density. In addition, water loses also have positive
correlation to the width of channels.

Keywords: channels density, irrigation, efficiency, and, water loses

Topic: Smart Farming and Agricultural Engineering

277
 [ABS-194]
Husker performance on small rice milling unit

Iqbal (a), Diah Pramana Mulyawan (a), Ahmad Munir (a)

a) Agricultural Engineering Hasanuddin University

Abstract

The quality and quantity of rice is very much determined by the post-harvest process. Utilization
of agricultural machinery in the form rice milling unit is one solution in maintaining rice quality.
The most commonly used husker machine is a rubber roll type. This study aims to calculate the
efficiency of huskers and the quality of rice. The parameters measured to analyze the efficiency
of the milling machine and the quality of rice are the weight of unhulled rice to be milled, the
weight of milled rice, and the time for milling the grain to become rice. The results showed that
the husker efficiency at 1237 rpm rotation speed was 46.3%, at 1354 rpm was 46.7% and at 1395
rpm was 46.6%. The quality of rice produced at a rotation speed of 1237 rpm, 70.03% whole
grains, 3.58% broken grains, 1.51% groats. For 1354 rpm rotation speed is 67.75%, broken
grains 5.16% and groats 2.89%. While at the rotation speed of 1395 rpm the percentage of
broken grains was 56.26%, broken grains 4.80%, groats 1.27%.

Keywords: Rice milling unit, husker efficiency, rice quality

Topic: Smart Farming and Agricultural Engineering

278
 [ABS-195]
Connection and calibration of RTK-DGPS with microcontroller STM32F401RE-Nucleo 32
Bit

Abdul Azis (a), Radite PA (a), Setiawan (a)

a) Universitas Hasanuddin

Abstract

Precision Farming is a technology that is able to streamline the use of crop production inputs
such as fertilizers and pesticides through the correct application of dosage, location and time.
The web-based precision farming system requires GPS or RTK DGPS technology as a tool
navigator when operating in the field, so that precise location applications can be achieved. The
use of an 8-bit based microcontroller module for communication with GPS in precision farming
systems has a deficiency in handling latitude and longitude data which has 11 characters.
Therefore, the STM32F401RE-Nucleo microcontroller was chosen because it has the ability to
handle data up to 32 bits. The method used is to communicate between the RTK-DGPS and the
microcontroller module. The test is carried out using single precision and double precision
formats. The test results showed that the reading of single precision format obtained a fairly large
error ranging from 10% - 40% between the NMEA RTK-DGPS data and the data received by the
microcontroller. While with double precision format, an error is obtained in the range of 1% -
8%, so that it can reduce the error significantly.

Keywords: RTK-DGPS, 32 Bit Microcontroller, Precision farming

Topic: Smart Farming and Agricultural Engineering

279
 [ABS-203]
Groundwater and reservoirs interaction in its use for irrigation, case: Wajo Regency,
South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia

Suhardi (a*), Budi I. Setiawan (b), Ahmad Munir (a), Muh. Tahir Sapsal (a)

a) Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Makassar,

90245, Indonesia
b) Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia

*suhardi@unhas.ac.id

Abstract

Use of ground water for irrigation in Wajo Regency has been going on since the 2000s. The use
of groundwater has the potential to cause high production costs which can reduce farmers
income. The Government of Wajo Regency provided a solution to this problem through the
reservoir development program. However, the impact of construction of reservoirs to
environmental conservation is not yet known. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct research that
aims to determine the effect of reservoirs to fulfill of plant water needs and their effects to
environment. The study was conducted by direct measurement in the field of the observed
variables. Some data are obtained interactively using sensors such as rainfall, groundwater level
changes, surface water levels, and evaporation data. Data were analyzed using the water balance
approach. The results showed that the construction of reservoirs to meet the water needs of plants
can reduce the radius of the influence of groundwater extraction for irrigation which has so far
reached 50-100 meters, as well as reducing the decrease in groundwater level during pumping
which originally reached more than 5 m.

Keywords: Groundwater- Reservoir- Irrigation- Water balance

Topic: Smart Farming and Agricultural Engineering

280
 [ABS-212]
Algorithm estimation of suspended sediments concentration in Bili-Bili Reseservoir

Sitti Nur Faridah (a), Mahmud Achmad (a), Samsuar (a), Fatimah R. Tantu (a)

a) Agricultural Engineering Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Makassar,

Indonesia

Abstract

Bili-Bili dam is located in the middle of the Jeneberang watershed in South Sulawesi Province,
which was built for flood control, irrigation, raw water supply and hydroelectric power plants.
However, in the last condition, there has been a decrease in the utilization of the reservoir service
function due to changes in the conditions of the reservoir catchment area by sediment. Prediction
of sediment concentrations in bili-bili reservoirs was analyzed from data of spectrometer usage.
Estimation of Total Suspended Sediment (TSS) using a spectrometer by testing the reflectance of
chromaticity transformation of bands on various regression equations. The TSS concentration
prediction algorithm based on spectrometer measurements provides a coefficient of
determination (R2) 0.556 and RMS error of 0.147, is the 3rd order polynomial equation for
chromasite blue, that is: TSS = 38.23(KB)3 + 12.74(KB)2 - 22.83(KB) + 4.965.

Keywords: Bili-Bili Dam, Total Suspended Sediment, Algorithm

Topic: Smart Farming and Agricultural Engineering

281
 [ABS-223]
The effect of soaking sago starch in acetate acids on the white degree of sago flour

Diyah Yumeina (a), Suciati Adil (a), Samsuar (a)

a) Universitas Hasanuddin

Abstract

Sago flour soaking is a method to improve white of a sago that tends to turn brown and reddish
because of the phenolase enzyme activity in sago. This study aims to identify the characteristics
of sago flour obtained from sago starch soaking in acetate solutions and to get the best of the
sago flour. The method of this research uses Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with two
factors, namely variations of submersion time (2 hours, 4 hours, 6 hours) and the acetic acid
(CH3COOH) concentration (0%, 0,1%, 0,25%). The data obtained were analyzed using Analysis
of Variance (ANOVA) and followed by Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at 5%
significance level. Sago flour soaking with acetic acid has a significant effect on the quality of
sago flour, such as the degree of white, water content, and acid level. The longer it takes to
submerge and the higher the concentration of acetic acid, the degree of white, water content, and
degree of acid sago flour also increase. Results of this research met the quality requirements of
sago flour according to sago flour quality standard

Keywords: Sago flour, acetic acid (CH3COOH), the degree of white

Topic: Smart Farming and Agricultural Engineering

282
 [ABS-230]
Effect of heat moisture treatment on psychochemical modification of sago starch

Diyah Yumeina (a), Kasmira (a), Makkarennu (a)

a) Universitas Hasanuddin

Abstract

Sago is one of the potential local foodstuffs as an alternative raw material to support food
diversification programs. However, wet sago produced in South Sulawesi has limited
applications among others is the loss of viscosity in conditions low pH, high temperature or
mechanical treatment. Heat-Moisture Treatment (HMT) is a hydrothermal treatment that
modifies the physicochemical properties of starch, without destroying it^s granular structure. The
objective of this research were: (1) Determine the effect of starch modification process using
heat moisture treatment (HMT) on the physical characteristics of sago, including: changes in
granule shape and size, starch crystal structure, gelatinization characteristics, swelling power and
solubility of sago starch, (2) Determine the optimum heating temperature in the foraging process
to obtain the best physicochemical characteristic of sago starch. Sago starch that HMT modified
by 3 type of temperatures 90, 95 and 100C showed A type pasting profile. HTM modified starch
with A type pasting profile showed influenced for amylose and amylopectin. Furthermore, HMT
sago starch has larger granule size, higher degree of whiteness and higher starch content than
those of native sago starch.

Keywords: Heat modified treatment, sago starch

Topic: Smart Farming and Agricultural Engineering

283
 [ABS-248]
Impact of land clearance on sedimentation at Balambano Dam, East Luwu

Samsuar (a), M. Achmad (a) H. Mubarak (a) and M. Lanuru (b)

a) Agricultural Engineering Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar,

Indonesia
b) Marine Science Study Program, Faculty of Marine Science and Fisheries, Universitas Hasanuddin,
Makassar, Indonesia

Abstract

Land degradation in the Pongkeru watershed has resulted in increased sediment being captured
in dams in the watershed area. There are three dams built in the Pongkeru river basin with a
cascade system, namely the Larona, Balambano and Karebbe dams. The balambano dam has a
water catchment area of 24,989 ha and receives water runoff from the Larona dam.
Sedimentation analysis in the Balambano dam was carried out using the USLE modification
method based on spatial data. The results of the study indicate that there has been a change in
land use in Balambano sub watershed. The type of land use that has experienced changes is dry
land forest which has decreased by 760 ha which has been converted into dry land agricultural
areas and open land which is suspected to be illegal mining land. This condition resulted in an
increase in the area of the area which was included in the category of Heavy and Medium
Erosion Hazard (EH). The results of the spatial analysis show that the increase in EH values
generally occurs in areas where community activity is quite high (settlement and agriculture
area). The land area with medium category EH was increasing from 254 ha in 2009 to 2,026 ha
in 2015, while the land with the high category EH increased from 383 ha in 2009 to 2,198 ha in
2015. The Sediment Delivery Ratio (SDR) 0.1865 was obtained, which means that there was an
increase in the amount of sediment held in the dam from 36,736 tonnes / year in 2009 to 179,073
in 2015.

Keywords: Dam, Land Degradation, USLE, Sediment Delivery Ratio

Topic: Smart Farming and Agricultural Engineering

284
 [ABS-308]
Development of data recording system for water level drop In drilled wells for irrigation of
rainfed rice using Arduino and pressure sensor

Muhammad Tahir Sapsal (a*), Suhardi (a), Ahmad Munir (a), Dewi Pratiwi Sasmito (a)

a) Agricultural Engineering Study Program, Department of Agricultural Technology, Hasanuddin

University, Makassar, 90245 South Sulawesi, Indonesia

*tahirsapsal@gmail.com

Abstract

The use of groundwater is one of the alternatives used to increase productivity in rainfed rice
fields. Various researches and technologies have been developed to suppress the negative effects
of overuse of groundwater. One of the important parameters is the change in the water level
around the well during the pumping process which is observed through the observation well. For
that we need an instrument to measure changes in water level in real-time. This instrument was
developed using the HDL 300 submersibe liquid level sensor which utilizes the principle of
pressure changes arising from the water level. To connect the sensor with the Arduino Uno
microcontroller module using the HW685 Module. From the calibration results, it is obtained
that the linearity of the change in the sensor value to the change in the water level reaches 99%
following the equation y = 86.297x + 73.522

Keywords: Water level, rainfeed rice, pressure sensor

Topic: Smart Farming and Agricultural Engineering

285
 [ABS-1]
Comparing satisfaction index on traditional pigmented rice plant attributes between
upland and lowland farmers

Arini Putri Hanifa (a,b), James Millner (a), Craig McGill (a), Rinaldi Sjahril (c)

a) School of Agriculture and Environment Massey University, Palmerston North New Zealand
b) AIAT of South Sulawesi, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan KM 17.5 Makassar, Indonesia
c) Laboratory of Plant Bioscience and Reproduction Biotechnology, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar,
South Sulawesi 90245, Indonesia

Abstract

This study is conducted to evaluate the satisfaction index of traditional pigmented rice plant
attributes from farmer perspectives. Farmer respondents are selected from two regions of
traditional pigmented rice producers in South Sulawesi: lowland of Jeneponto and upland of
Toraja. Face to face data collection using questionnaires are used as a research instrument.
Respondents were required to rate the importance and satisfaction of plant attributes based on
five-point Likert scales. The answers are analysed using Customer Satisfaction Index formula.
Result showed that satisfaction index in the lowland of Jeneponto is higher than in upland of
Toraja, as much as 67.16 and 56 respectively. Similar agreement from both lowland and upland
farmers was found in lower yield performance of traditional pigmented rice than expected. As
the end-user of released varieties, farmers perspective on importance and satisfaction level on
plant attributes are essential to be considered for guidance in breeding and varietal improvement.

Keywords: satisfaction index, pigmented rice, perspective

Topic: Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development

286
 [ABS-266]
Smallholder livelihood adaptation capacity to the risk of climate change disasters in the
buffer area of Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park South Sulawesi

Muhammad Dassir (a*), Samuel A. Paembonan (a), Usman Arsyad (a), Andi Sadapotto (a), Sitti
Nadirah (b)

a) Faculty of Forestry, Hasanuddin University

Perintis Kemerdekaan No.KM.10, Makassar, Sulawesi Selatan
e) Faculty of Agriculture, Ichsan Gorontalo University
Jl. Drs. Achmad Nadjamuddin No.10, Kota Tengah, Gorontalo.

*mdassir@yahoo.com

Abstract

Smallholders around Indonesias forest areas are about 14,62 million households. This study aims
to determine the adaptation strategy and livelihood adaptation capacity of smallholders in the
buffer area of Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park, facing the risk of climate change
disasters. Data collection was carried out through observation, interviews, and FGDs in five
sample villages, which are the buffer villages of Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park which
were selected purposively. The data obtained were analyzed spatially (GIS) and qualitative
descriptive analysis. The results of the study describe the dominant form of adaptation carried
out by respondent farmers to overcome and reduce the risk of drought. This includes adapting
cropping patterns to plant rice in rice fields along with planting peanuts or vegetables in dryland
agricultural areas following the rainy season and selecting drought-resistant crops, such as
legumes (peanuts, soybeans, and green beans), and watermelon during the dry season. Whereas
in villages that are predominantly rice fields and supported by water infrastructure (check dam),
springs, and rivers, they can intensify and diversify crops during the dry or rainy season by
planting rice, peanuts, and chilies in a commercial orientation and using water pump machines to
deal with drought during the peak of the dry season. The highest adaptation capacity of farmers
is in rice fields with sufficient water sources and a high potential for non-timber forest products
(NTFP) because it is easy to access water sources, so that they can diversify crops in the dry
season on rice fields and dry land. On the other hand, the villages with the lowest adaptation
capacity are predominantly rain-fed rice fields and limited water potential and NTFPs that only
carry out cultivation activities during the rainy season.

Keywords: Climate Change, Adaptation Capacity, Smallholders

Topic: Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development

287
 [ABS-277]
Distribution and potency of semi cultivated sago forest in South Sulawesi and its
contribution to food security and rural development

Dorothea Agnes Rampisela ( a,b), Sarip Hidayat (d,e), Darmawan Salman (a,c) and Mahyudin
(a,c)

a) Sago Research Group Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia

b) Departement of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245,
Indonesia
c) Departement of Agriculture Social Economy , Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University,
Makassar 90245, Indonesia
d) Remote Sensing Technology and Data Center, Indonesian National Institute of Aeronautics and Space
(Lembaga Penerbangan dan Antariksa Nasional, LAPAN), Jakarta 13710, Indonesia
e) Graduate School of Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia

Abstract

Land for food crop always compete with other land use and directly affecting the size of forest
land. Local wisdom in growing sago in semi-cultivated method practicing in Sulawesi means
producing food in parallel with increasing forest area. Land use change in Tana Luwu as sago
center in South Sulawesi rapidly replaced sago forest into fishpond and other plantation and
recently into housing area and remained 3300 ha of sago area. To ensure the sustainability, the
local wisdom urgently to be re-introduced wisely and to ensure the better livelihood of local
community, room for innovation need to be claimed. This paper introduced the distribution of
existing sago area and role of local community in sago production. Less income for landowner
effecting the decreasing of sago plant into another use. Strategy in involving the landowner in
sago processing for better income is recommended.

Keywords: Sago, Sulawesi, Food Security, Suboptimal Land, land use change

Topic: Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development

288
 [ABS-280]
Utilization of sub-optimal land for the sustainability of upland rice farming in Minahasa
Regency

Jefny B. Markus Rawung (a), Janne W. Rembang (a), Rita Indrasti (b), Abdul Gaffar (c)

a) The Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology of North Sulawesi. Manado. Indonesia
b) Centre of The Assessment and Agricultural Technology Development. Bogor. West Java. Indonesia
c) The Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology of Maluku. Ambon. Indonesia

Abstract

Increasing rice production is not only relied on from irrigated and rainfed rice fields, but also on
dry land (upland rice). Development of upland rice on sub-optimal lands is one of the efforts to
overcome the problem of vulnerability to rice availability, but until now its management is still
not optimal. Minahasa Regency is one of the upland rice producing districts in North Sulawesi.
This paper aims to identify matters related to sub-optimal land use for the sustainability of
upland rice farming by farmers that can be developed in support of efforts to increase upland rice
production in North Sulawesi, in addition to improving the existing technology used by farmers.
This study was conducted in the Tombariri District, Minahasa Regency, using a survey method.
Data collection was carried out through field observations, documentation, in-depth interviews
with key informants, and literature studies. The data obtained were then analyzed descriptively.
Based on field identification and the results of the study, it was found that the existing local
farmers^ technology was still very simple, especially in the aspects of providing seeds, planting,
and maintenance. Farmers are increasingly pursuing the development of organic farming. There
are still many sub-optimal lands uses that can be optimized for upland rice cultivation
accompanied by improvements to the existing limiting factors on each land.

Keywords: Upland rice, Sustainability, Sub-optimal land, Minahasa Regency

Topic: Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development

289
 [ABS-282]
Base flow analysis in Tanralili Sub Watershed using SWAT model

Suryansyah Surahman (a*) Hazairin Zubair (b) Ahmad Munir (b) Mahmud Achmad (b)

a) Agricultural Science, Postgraduate School, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, 90245, Indonesia.

b) Swat Model Research Group, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, 90245,
Indonesia.

*suryansyahsurahman@yahoo.com

Abstract

The management of a watershed aims to realize optimal conditions of resource vegetation , soil
and water this it was give maximum benefit to human welfare and sustainable. The study was
aimed to identify the effect of land use change on the hydrological characteristics of the Tanralili
Sub Watershed, and develop recommendations on the best land management of Tanralili Sub
Watershed. There were some steps for running SWAT model, included: (1) delineate watershed-
(2) create HRU^s- (3) HRU define- (4) input climate data- (5) write SWAT input files- (6) run
SWAT model- (7) calibrate and validate data- and (8) simulate hydrological parameters to
determine the best management practice. The study showed that the model has a good
performance in predicting flow discharge with R2 and NSE values in calibration process by 0.92
and 0.70 respectively. Validation process in predicting flow discharge produced R2 and NSE
values by 0.65 and 0.60 respectively. SWAT models was able to predict the effects of land use
change on the base flow in Tanralili Sub Watershed . Base flow analysis of Tanralili Sub
Wateshed in year of 2019 indicated 2.44 mm respectively. While the value of KRS and C was
52.60 (moderate) and 0.36 (good).

Keywords: hydrology, land use, swat model, tanralili sub watershed

Topic: Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development

290
 [ABS-32]
Feasibility study of coconut water as natural Plant Growth Regulator (PGR) on clove
seedling production

Ibrahim Erik Malia (a) and J.B.M.Rawung (a)

a) Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology at North Sulawesi, Indonesia

Abstract

Abstract. Clove is a main crop cultivated by farmers in North Sulawesi Province, therefore, they
are supported much by institution such as Government and NGO in development programs.
Whereas, they face some problems, especially in providing seedlings. To provide a suitable and
feasible technology on clove seedling, this research was conducted with aims to study an
appropriate dosage of coconut water as natural PGR to promote clove seedling and the feasibility
as in agribusiness approaches. The methods used were designed in Randomized Completely
Block Design, 6 treatments 4 replications, namely, (A) Control- (B) 25% coconut water- (C)
50% coconut- (D) 75% coconut water- (E) 100% coconut water and (F) A commercial PGR
product. It was also determined the agribusiness feasibility, by using B/C Ratio, BEP, Sensitivity
analysis. The results showed that the most recommending is treatment C, 50% of coconut water
to use as PGR in germination and growth of clove seedling. Conducting agribusiness in clove
seedling is feasible showed by indicator financial analysis B/C Ratio value 2.5, sensitivity could
be tolerated to accumulation of decrease in production and price up to 60%.

Keywords: Feasibility, coconut water, PGR, clove, seedling

Topic: Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development

291
 [ABS-290]
The dynamics of agricultural crop production development on land cover changes in
Tinggimoncong District

T Dariati (a*), K Mustari (b), MS Solle (c), F Ulfa (b), and H Iswoyo (b)

a) Agricultural Science, Graduate School of Hasanuddin University, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan KM 10,
Makassar, South Sulawesi, 90245, Indonesia.
b) Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Hasanuddin, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan
KM 10, Makassar, South Sulawesi, 90245, Indonesia.
c) Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Hasanuddin, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan
KM 10, Makassar, South Sulawesi, 90245, Indonesia

*tigindariati@unhas.ac.id

Abstract

Agricultural activities can lead to land cover changes in a watershed region such as in
Tinggimoncong District, Gowa Regency that located in the upper stream of the Jeneberang
watershed. Gradually, there has been a development in agricultural activities in the area, marked
by an increase in agricultural area as well as agricultural production that led to a change in land
cover in the region. A descriptive study was conducted with aim to determine the relationship
between the development of agricultural activities and the increase in agricultural production
with land cover changes in the upstream Jeneberang watershed. This understanding is expected
to help create a more environmentally friendly agricultural environment so that it can be more
sustainable. This research shows that the development of plantation crops had contributed to land
cover change, due to expansion of human activities in agriculture into the forest area, thus the
primary forest then turned into secondary forest. The development of agricultural activities was
partly attributed to the higher selling price of agricultural products. It makes farmers excited to
increase their production, including by expanding the area for planting crops that have high
selling value.

Keywords: Agriculture crop production, Land Cover, Landscape Change, Jeneberang Watershed

Topic: Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development

292
 [ABS-37]
Potential of endophytic bacteria in promote germination of kamba local aromatic rice seeds
of Central Sulawesi

S Sudewi (a,b*), A Ala (c), B Patandjengi (d), M Farid BDR (c), Ratnawati (b), Abdul Rahim
Saleh (e)

a) Agriculture Study Program, Graduate School Hasanuddin University Makassar 90245 Indonesia
b) Department of Agrotechnology Faculty of Agriculture, Alkhairaat University Palu 94221 Indonesia
c) Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University Makassar 90245
Indonesia
d) Department of Plant Pest and Disease, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University Makassar 90245
Indonesia
e) Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Sintuwu Maroso University Poso 94619
Indonesia

Abstract

Endophytic bacteria derived from plant roots have the potential as a trigger for germination and
plant growth with the ability to produce phytohormone, nitrogen binding, as a phosphate solvent,
and are able to produce various secondary metabolite compounds that play a role in increasing
plant resistance to various disease disorders. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of
endophytic bacteria in spurring aromatic local rice seed germination so that it is expected to
provide information for relevant parties in efforts to support environmentally friendly sustainable
agriculture. The test method carried out by immersing the seeds in a suspension of endophytic
bacterial isolates with a bacterial density of 108 CFU ml-1 for 24 hours as a comparison (control)
used seeds soaked in sterile aquadest. Endophytic bacterial isolates used were derived from the
roots of aromatic local rice plants in Central Sulawesi that had been isolated and tested for their
ability in previous studies. Ten isolates were found, namely RKBK1, RKBK4, RKBL6, RKBU1,
RKBU5, RKGU6, RKGU11, RKLE3, RKLE6 and RKLE7. The results showed that all
endophytic bacterial isolates had the potential to promote rice seed germination. The average
percentage of normal sprouts produced is &#8805- 84%. RKGU 11 isolates gave the best results
on observations of the percentage of normal sprouts of 97.33%, the length of the plumula at 7.67
cm and the length of the radicles at 9.80 cm.

Keywords: Endophytic bacteria, local rice aromatic, Kamba, germination

Topic: Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development

293
 [ABS-56]
Analysis of farmers perception of intercropping technology (turiman) on upland
agroecosystem

Catur Indri Oktivian Hastuti (a), Rima Purnamayani (a)

a) Indonesian Center for Agricultural Technology Assessment and Developmen

Abstract

Intercropping Technology (Turiman) program has implemented to support the achievement of

food self-sufficiency. Turiman technology is different from the intercropping that is commonly
used by farmers before. The aim of this study were to analyze farmers^ perceptions of Turiman
technology and to analyze the factors that affect the Turiman implementation. This study was
conducted in 7 districts from April to October 2019. Data was collected through a survey method
of 40 respondents. The data collected were farmers^ perceptions of increased production, land
optimization, reduced production costs and increased income after the implementation of
intercropping technology, and the desire of farmers to apply this technology independently and
sustainably. The data obtained were analyzed descriptively and using multiple linear regression
analysis. The results showed that 95% of respondents had the perception that Turiman
technology was able to increase production, 87.5% of respondents had the perception that
Turiman could optimize land, 62.5% had the perception that Turiman was able to save
production costs, 90% of respondents had the perception that Turiman was able to increase
income, so that 72.5% of respondents would like to implement intercropping technology
independently. Factors that significantly influence farmers in implementing turiman are age,
experience and perceptions of farmers.

Keywords: intercropping, perception, upland, turiman

Topic: Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development

294
 [ABS-70]
Effects of cogongrass (Imperata Cilyndirica L) root extract on earthworms, arbuscular
mycorrhiza spore, and growth of upland rice (Oryza Sativa L.) for local kambowa variety

Laode Muhammad Harjoni Kilowasid (a), La Ode Junum Hasmar (a), La Ode Afa (a), Gusti Ayu
Kade Sutariati (a), Namriah (a), dan Tresjia Corina Rakian (a)

a) Agrotechnology Study Program, Agriculture Faculty, University of Halu Oleo

Abstract

Earthworms have the ability to create new conditions in the soil environment and modulate the
growth of beneficial soil microbial populations. Imperata releases exudate which creates less
suitable soil conditions for growing food crops and horticulture. This study aims to: (i) study the
effect of the concentration of cogongrass root extract on the abundance of earthworms and
arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi spores- (ii) to determine the effect of the soil-extract mixture
engineered using earthworms on the upland rice growth for local Kambowa variety. The first
experiment, extracts of cogongrass roots were made into five concentration levels, namely 0%,
20%, 40%, 60%, and 80%. Each concentration was mixed with soil from cogongrass land in a
different vermireactor. In reactor, earthworms were released that had emptied their stomach
contents, and were allowed to manipulate the mixture until the vemicast covered part of the soil
surface. As a result, the total earthworms in all reactors were relatively the same, and the total
spores of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the soil treated with a concentration of 60% was the
most. The second experiment, the upland rice seedlings were grown on engineered soils. The
differences in height, number and area of leaves, number of tillers, wet weight, dry weight,
panicle length, and total grain per panicle were significantly, except for the percentage of filled
grain. In conclusion, earthworms as potential ecosystem engineers are utilized in ecological
engineering of soil quality in land dominated by reeds vegetation for the development of upland
rice cultivation areas, particularly the local varieties of Kambowa.

Keywords: ecological engineering- ecosystem engineer, local varieties, soil quality, upland rice

Topic: Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development

295
 [ABS-76]
Forage tree legumes and sustainable upland farming in Timor Island - Indonesia

Yohanis Ngongo (a), Debora Kanahau (a), Noldy Kotta (a), Jacob Nulik (a)

a) Assessment Institute for Agriculture Technology East Nusa Tenggara (AIAT-ENT)

Abstract

Abstract. Upland farmers in semi-arid region of Timor Island have frequently facing low and
uncertain food crops production and cronic forage shortage during long dry season limiting
livestock (cattle) production. This study explores forage development, particularly Leucaena and
the dynamics of upland farming management among farmer groups in, West Timor - Indonesia.
The study mostly use forage data of ACIAR and AIAT-ENT collaboration research on Forage
development, particularly Leucaena conducted in ENT. The data were mostly analysed
descriptively. The study showed that adoption of forage legume innovation particularly Leucaena
by upland farmers have solved forage shortage problem during long dry season in semi-arid
region of Timor Island, it allow farmers to do cattle fattening/shortening fattening period and
improving crops (maize) production. Drawing on information regarding traditional farming
(mixed-cropping) practices for food crops production and traditional local agro-forestry (Mamar)
for perennial crops production, the research suggested that incorporated forage tree legume of
Leucaena into both traditional farming system can improve/sustain crops and cattle production as
well as environment.

Keywords: Upland, forage, Leucaena, cattle, semi-arid, Timor.

Topic: Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development

296
 [ABS-303]
Some factors affecting to biosecurity practices on beef cattle farms in Bone Regency, South
Sulawesi Province

Veronica Sri Lestari (a*), Djoni Prawira Rahardja (a), Sitti Nurani Sirajuddin (a)

a) Faculty of Animal Science – Hasanuddin University

Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan Km. 10, Makassar 90245, South Sulawesi – Indonesia

*veronicasrilestari@yahoo.com

Abstract

The purpose of this research was to know factors affecting to the application of biosecurity
practices on beef cattle farms. The research was conducted in Bone Regency, South Sulawesi
Province. Total sample was 51 beef cattle farmers which was choosed through purposive
sampling. Data were consisted of primary and secondary data. Data were collected through
observation and interview by using questionnaire. Multiple regression model was used in this
research. As dependent variable was biosecurity practices, while as independent variables were
age, gender, education level, household size, farm experience and flock size. Guttman scale was
used to know whether biosecurity practices were applied or not. The results revealed that R2 was
0.923. Simultaneously all independent variables were significant affecting to the application of
biosecurity practices on beef cattle farms (P < 0.01). Partially, only age of respondents and
education level were significant (P < 0.01).

Keywords: Beef cattle, farms, biosecurity

Topic: Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development

297
 [ABS-79]
The effect of integrated technology utilization for fattening beef cattle in North Sulawesi
designated beef cattle area

Ratri Retno Ifada (a), Paulus C. Paat (a) and Yusuf (a)

a) North Sulawesi Assessment Institute of Agriculture Technology

Abstract

The performance of cattle fattening in the area of beef cattle in the Minahasa Selatan (Minsel)
District of North Sulawesi is still far lower than the results of research that reached a daily
weight gain of at least 800 g/head. This on-farm study aims to increase beef cattle productivity
through the utilization of integrated technology packages for local cattle fattening with a target of
at least 800 g/head daily gain. This study was carried out in the beef cattle development area of
Minsel District from August to October 2018. The integrated technology package for the
fattening business pattern included: (1) complete feed, (2) intensive maintenance in multi-use
cages, and (3) eradication of complete parasites. Complete feed is formulated in a balanced feed
consisting of ammoniated rice straw and concentrated local ingredients. The amount of dry
matter concentrate was given per head is 1.5% of body weight (50% total consumption) while
the ammoniated straw was ad libitum. For multipurpose cages, the upper part is equipped with a
multipurpose tower as a barn while simultaneously serving straw, ad libitum and continuous.
Complete eradication of parasites using broad-spectrum anti-parasites to eradicate endoparasites
that attack digestive organs and other internal organsand ectoparasites to control the skinworms
and eyeworms, cattle grubs, mange mites, sucking lice, sand tampans, and ticks. This study used
fifteen local PO bulls fattened with an initial body weight of an average of 278.4 kg (+-54.34)
with an observation period of 12 weeks. The observations showed that the average daily gain
was 1,158 g / head, feed consumption 8,358 kg DM / head / day, and feed conversion ratio of
7.56, while the results of the business feasibility analysis showed a BCR coefficient of 1.69. The
results of statistical analysis showed that the average weight gain increased significantly (p
<0.01) after utilizing integrated fattening technology (308.8vs278.4 kg). It was concluded that
the

Keywords: Integrated technology, Beef cattle fattening

Topic: Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development

298
 [ABS-84]
Farmer group empowerment in developing joint venture (Study case at Karya Jasa 3
Group in Kendal)

Munir Eti Wulanjari (a), Intan Gilang Cempaka (a), Ratih Kurnia Jatuningtyas (a), and Indrie
Ambarsari (a)

a) Assessment Institute of Agricultural Technology Central Java

Abstract

This study aimed to obtain an effective strategy to empower the farmer groups as a joint venture.
The Karya Jasa 3 group in Kaliyoso-Kendal, as an object of the present study.Data were
collected from March to June 2020. The data taken includes assets owned by farmer groups,
group business, and group cash financial data. They were collecting data through interviews with
farmer group leaders and direct observation in the field. The data obtained were analyzed in an
explanative manner. The result showed that the empowerment carried out was to build a joint
business, in the form of an economic business unit which included: 1)seed business,2)
agricultural machine tool service unit, 3) marketing og agricultural product, 4) savings and loan
business and 5)agricultural production supply store. The joint venture that has been built has
been able to provide benefits for group members. Business profit was divided as follows: 70%
for the group and 30% for members. It was found that the strategic approach of empowering
farmer groups in joint ventures should not only focus on productive business but also on social
activities. Therefore, it was a portion of the business profit used for recreation, religious events,
or traditional occasions.

Keywords: Empowerment, farmer group, a joint venture.

Topic: Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development

299
 [ABS-87]
Integrating clitoria ternatea and corn in dry land farming for seed production and high
quality forage for livestock in West Timor East Nusa Tenggara: Oebelo Village farmer’s
experience

Debora Kana Hau (a), Procula Matitaputty (a), Yanuar Achadri (a)

a) Balai Pengkajian Teknologi Pertanian (BPTP) Nusa Tenggara Timur

Abstract

The existing farming in Oebelo Village was a mixed farming. Farmers grow corn once a year in
the rainy season, with beans, cassava, onion and pumpkin. Livestock keeping varied between
farmers, including cattle, goat, pig, and native chicken. The introduction of Clitoria ternatea
opened a new horizon of farming and a new source of income and forage. By integrating Clitoria
ternatea farmers were able to: (i) improve corn productivity performance, (ii) receive additional
income from selling forage seed, and (iii) obtain a high quality forage source to feed livestock
(goat, pig, and chicken). In 2019 farmers planted Clitoria on 0.25 ha after harvest of corn (in
February) and sold 30 kg of clitoria seed at 30-35 thousand rupiahs/kg, and feeding forage as
additional feed portion to chicken and pigs. In 2019/2020 farmers planted 3.13 ha, either in
monoculture or in a relay, and sold 168 kg of Clitoria seed at 30 thousand rupiahs/kg. In early
2020 the farmers started to raise goats, and also keep on feeding the forage to chicken and pigs.
Farmers noticed an improvement in the corn plant performance on the plot previously planted
with Clitoria, and harvested more corn grain without even fertilized.

Keywords: Oebelo village, Kupang, Clitoria ternatea, Livestock, Forage Seed, Corn

Topic: Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development

300
 [ABS-89]
The potential of endophytic fungi as biodegradation of chlorpyrifos in shallots

Ria Fauriah (a*), Nur Amin (a), Itji Diana Daud (a), Elisabeth Srihayu Harsanti (b)

a) Department of Plant Pests and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Jl. Perintis
Kemerdekan KM. 10 Tamalanrea, Makassar, South Sulawesi 90245, Indonesia.
b) Indonesian Agricultural Environment Research Institute, Jl. Raya Jakenan Jaken KM. 05, Jaken, Pati,
Central Java 59182, Indonesia.

*riafauriah@gmail.com

Abstract

Chlorpyrifos is one of the broad spectrum organophosphate insecticides in controlling plant

pests. They can be absorbed into agricultural products and in the long term can have negative
effects on human health. The use of endophytic fungi for biodegradation of chlorpyrifos is one of
the technologies to support food safety. Therefore, this study was aimed to determine potential of
the isolated endophytic fungi and identify it from shallot plantations as biodegradation of
chlorpyrifos. The research is conducted in three stages- (1) isolation of endophytic fungi on
shallot plantations in Bantaeng Regency, (2) macroscopic and microscopic identification, and (3)
test of the degradation potential of chlorpyrifos by growing fungi on PDA medium containing
chlorpyrifos with concentrations 600 ppm, 300 ppm, and 150 ppm. Furthermore, the results
showed there are 47 fungal isolates from the roots, stems and tubers of shallots, and some were
identified as Trichoderma sp. and Fusarium sp. Several isolates tested have the potential to
degrade chlorpyrifos, where the percentage of growth inhibition below 50% is considered
tolerant of chlorpyrifos. Considering the results, Trichoderma sp. and Fusarium sp. are potential
of degrading residual insecticide chlorpyrifos.

Keywords: Fusarium sp., food safety, organophosphate, Trichoderma sp.

Topic: Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development

301
 [ABS-90]
The competitiveness analysis of nutmeg farming in Ternate City, North Moluccas

Muhammad Assagaf (a), Ahmad Musyavak (b) dan Abdul Wahab (a)

a) Balai Pengkajian Teknologi Pertanian Maluku Utara

b) Balai Pengkajian Teknologi Pertanian Kalimantan Barat
Kompleks Pertanian Kusu No. 1, Oba Utara, Kota Tidore Kepulauan

*assagaf_met@yahoo.com

Abstract

Today^s agricultural business is faced with various obstacles, and cannot be measured to what
extent its competitiveness, while the conception of agricultural development that has
competitiveness has not been described more operationally and implementably, so that there is a
gap between the ideal conception and the actual field. This study activity aims to analyze the
competitiveness of Nutmeg spice farming in terms of domestic resource use in Ternate City.
Nutmeg farming in Ternate City has a competitive and comparative advantage, this is indicated
by PCR and DRCR values that are smaller than 1 (one). The results of PAM analysis on nutmeg
farming have no input transfers because they do not use foreign inputs. The NPCI value for all is
below one (<1). The value of NPCI is smaller than one, meaning that domestic prices are lower
than world prices, so there can be said to be a subsidy policy from the government. Whereas for
nutmeg farming. The transfer value of factors for nutmeg is positive, this indicates that there is
an implicit tax or transfer from the nutmeg farmer to domestic factor, so farmers have to pay
more than the price of the shadow (social).

Keywords: Competitiveness, nutmeg, comparative, Competitive

Topic: Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development

302
 [ABS-92]
Optimation and carrying capacity of planting corn harvest cattle (TJPS) in The Village of
Raknamo West Kupang Subdistrict of Kupang Regency, East Nusa Tenggara

Procula Matitaputty (a), Debora Kana Hau (a) Jacob Nulik (a)

a) Balai Pengkajian Teknologi Pertanian (BPTP) Nusa Tenggara Timur

Abstract

The aim of this study is to show community livelihood changes through the improvement of corn
and cattle production by application of ^Planting Corn Harvest Cattle^ (TJPS). TJPS is not
literally meant that planting corn will produce cattle, however it is a ^tagline^ to encourage
farmers in NTT that by improving corn production will give extra cash to buy cattle. The method
was a survey involving 50 farmers, collecting primary and secondary data. The productivity of
corn in NTT in 2018 was 2.52 ton/ha, while at National level was 5.24 ton/ha. Survey indicated
that before TJPS, farmers in Raknamo village produced only 27.9 ton/1 planting season, while at
TJPS farmers produced 82.1 ton/1, almost tripled. For cattle ownership, Raknamo farmers started
with no cattle and now owned 41 heads of cattle. The use of corn cobs mixing with leaf of
Tarramba Leucaena gave DWG of 0.3 to 0.5 kg/hd/day. Thus it is concluded that TJPS would be
an excellent entry door into a sustainable Integrated Farming System of Corn and Cattle in the
Dry Land and Climate of NTT.

Keywords: Optimation, Carrying Capacity, Corn, Cattle, By Product

Topic: Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development

303
 [ABS-95]
Does soybean production in Indonesia still have competitiveness advantages? A policy
analysis matrix approach

Yovita Anggita Dewi (a) and Astrina Yulianti (a)

a) Balai Besar Pengkajian dan Pengembangan Teknologi Pertanian, Indonesian Agency for Agricultural
Research and Development, Jl. Tentara Pelajar 10 Cimanggu, Bogor Jawa Barat, 16114, Indonesia

Abstract

The soybean production in Indonesia still faces several challenges causing production depended
on import supplies. This paper aims to assess the competitiveness advantages of soybean
production in the current phase. Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM) was used to examine its
competitiveness using secondary data and deliberating results of previous studies. The results of
the study in 2015 showed that domestic production still could afford private and social prices,
which constituted 73,684 IDR/ha and 1,013,939 IDR/ha, respectively. Soybean production
almost did not show competitiveness advantages reflected from the ratio of DRC by 0.90 and
PCR by 0.994 respectively. Government interventions brought various impacts. NPCI was 0.733
indicating that farmers paid cheaper inputs by 26.67% whilst NPCO was 0.991 demonstrating
inefficiency of government policy towards the output. EPC was 1.03 whilst PC is close to zero
(0.06), which pointed out insufficient government policy to assure profit in the long term. SRP
was minus 0.08 described that the government not all farmers received a benefit from the
government policy. The sensitivity analysis resulted: (i) the combination of increasing soybean
price + procurement price at 8,000 IDR/kg and (ii) the increasing import tariff by 5% +
procurement price at 8,000 IDR/kg provided the most favourable impacts.

Keywords: soybean production, policy analysis matrix, competitiveness, government

intervension

Topic: Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development

304
 [ABS-99]
Effect of pleurotus ostreatus substrate compost on the chemical properties of acid sulfate
soil

Jumar (a), R. A. Saputra (a), N. N. Sari (a), A. Wahyudianur (a*)

a) Department of Agroecotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Lambung Mangkurat University,

Banjarbaru, 70714, Indonesia

*ahmadwahyudi0911@gmail.com

Abstract

The common problem of acid sulfate soil is its acidity that very low which affect on the
availability of nutrients. Due to of that, this study was conducted to identify the effect of
Pleurotus ostreatus substrate compost on the chemical properties of acid sulfate soil. The
greenhouse experiment was arranged in completely randomized design (CDR) with five
treatments, i.e. 0 (b0), 5 (b1), 10 (b2), 15 (b3), and 20 (b4) ton.ha-1. The highest value of pH
(5.05), available N (1.70 ppm and 2.13 ppm, ammonium and nitrate, respectively) and organic-C
(3.45%) was found in the b4 treatment. Compared to control, the b4 treatment improved about
40.50%, 77.50%, and 40.82% for ammonium, nitrate, and organic-C, respectively. While, the
highest available P (16.36 ppm) was found in the b3 treatment, it is improved about 166.88%
compared to control (b0). Application of Pleurotus ostreatus substrate compost was able to
ameliorate the chemical properties of acid sulfate soil.

Keywords: Composting- Nutrients- Amelioration

Topic: Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development

305
 [ABS-102]
Role of labile fraction of carbon for soil quality assessment

Mirawanty Amin (a*), Herlina Nanny Salamba (a), Nirmala Juita (b)

(a) AIAT (Assessment Institute For Agricultural Technology of North Celebes)

(b) Faculty of Agriculture Hasanuddin University

*mirawantyamin@gmail.com

Abstract

Agricultural land management both intensively and not, such as without tillage, crop rotation,
use of agricultural machinery, use of cover crops, and many more can increase soil organic
carbon sequestration (SOC). The quality of the organic carbon sequestration is an indicator of the
physical, chemical, and biological properties of the soil. Changes that occur in the SOC fraction
and are relatively unstable can indicate an early indication of soil degradation or improvement in
response to tillage practices. Loss of soil organic matter from tillage that occurs in the unstable
fraction contained in macroaggregates. Many studies related to organic matter only analyzed
their total shape and did not describe nutrient availability. Organic forms such as the labile
carbon fraction are still very rarely studied and affect soil quality. The labile fraction of soil
carbon is important to know because these fractions are a source of food in the soil and greatly
affect the nutrient cycle and other soil properties.

Keywords: carbon, labile fraction, tillage, soil properties, nutrient cycle

Topic: Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development

306
 [ABS-110]
Growth performance of bali cattle with lamtoro taramba (Leucaena Leucocephala cv
Tarramba) feed in Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT)

Yanuar Achadri (a*), Debora Kana Hau (a), Jacob Nulik (a), Procula Rudlof Matitaputty (a)

a) Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology of Nusa Tenggara Timur, Indonesian Agency for
Agricultural Research and Development, Ministry of Agriculture
Jl. Timor Raya Km.32, Kupang Timur, Kupang, NTT

*yanachadri1988@gmail.com

Abstract

The aim of this research was to develop Bali cattle farming system in NTT with main base of
lamtoro taramba (Leucaena Leucocephala cv Tarramba) feed. The research was conducted in
Fajar Pagi Raknamo cattle group, Kupang Regency, NTT. The livestock used in this study were
20 Bali cattle with an average initial body weight of 134.38 - 164.14 kg. The observation activity
was to collect data on the body weight of Bali cattle which were given the main feed of lamtoro
taramba for 4 months, then calculated the daily body weight gain. The results of research showed
that the average body weight of Bali cattle from the first month of observation is 134.38 kg, the
second month is 159.30 kg, the third month is 159.99 kg, and the fourth month is 162.14 kg. The
results of research showed for the daily body weight gain from the first month were 0.18 kg /
day, the second month increased by 0.28 kg / day, and the third month increased by 0.58 kg /
day. So, the daily body weight gain of Bali cattle increase with lamtoro taramba feed.

Keywords: Growth performance, Bali cattle, Lamtoro taramba

Topic: Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development

307
 [ABS-115]
Additional income for poor families through native chicken farming (KUB and Sensi)
development in Gorontalo Province

Soimah Munawaroh (a), Ari Abdul Rouf (a), Dwi Rohmadi (a), Serli Anas (a), Rosdiana (a) and
Amin Nur (a)

a) Gorontalo Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology, IAARD, Ministry of Agriculture

Abstract

Poverty has remained a major governmental concern and in 2019, Indonesia^s poor population
was 25.14 million, most of whom lived in rural areas. Consequently,several government
programs have been designed to alleviate poverty, such as the development of native chicken
farming for poor households which was implemented by the Ministry of Agriculture. Therefore,
the purpose of this study is to analyze the cash income from native chicken farms on a household
scale. The location was Bulontala Village, Bone Bolango Regency where a total of 53 chickens
were reared, and this research took place between July to September 2020. Subsequently,
analysis results showed that at 70 days of harvest, the mortality rate was 1.88%, while the Sensi
and KUB native chickens were estimated to have average body weights of 892 g/bird and 925
g/bird respectively. A total revenue from the sales was calculated to be IDR 2,340,000 with IDR
1,693,167 as incurred cash costs and IDR 646,833 obtained as the resultant earnings of the
farmers. The RC ratio of the native chicken farming was 1.38 which was regarded as feasible,
and as a result, this business was deemed capable of serving as a source of family income for the
community. However, information on the chicken sales market and/or an increase in business
scale are needed by the breeders and farmers to enable them to have the potential to realize
profits.

Keywords: Income, KUB, native chicken, poverty, sensi

Topic: Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development

308
 [ABS-118]
A comparative feasibility study of organic and conventional vegetable farming in Central
Java, Indonesia

Irma Audiah Fachrista (a), Irham (b), Masyhuri (c), and Any Suryantini (d)

a) Bangka Belitung Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology, Indonesian Agency for
Agricultural Research and Development Ministry of Agriculture, Jakarta, Indonesia.
b) Department of Magister Agribusiness Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada,
Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
c) Department of Socio-Economics of Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada,
55281, Yogyakarta

Abstract

The objective of this study is to compare the feasibility of organic and conventional vegetable
farming. The research was conducted from February to August 2018 in Getasan Regency,
Central Java, Indonesia. The survey involved 120 vegetable farmers- 60 organic farmers, and 60
conventional farmers. The data were analyzed by financial analysis. The t-test was used to
determine the different between the feasibility of organic and conventional vegetable farming.
The results showed that organic vegetable farmers receive higher revenue, incomes, and profit
than conventional farmers. Organic vegetable farming also more feasible than conventional
vegetable farming.

Keywords: organic farming, conventional farming, vegetables, feasibility

Topic: Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development

309
 [ABS-119]
The effect of agricultural waste feeding based on location specific to performance of sumba
ongole cattle

Sophia Ratnawaty (a*), Ati Rubianti (a), Yanuar Achadri (a), Procula Rudlof Matitaputty (a)

a) Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology of Nusa Tenggara Timur, Indonesia Agency for
Agricultural Research and Development, Ministry of Agriculture,
Jl. Timor Raya Km.32, Kupang Timur, NTT

*sophiaratnawaty@yahoo.com

Abstract

The aim of this study to get optimal genetic potential performance of Sumba Ongole cattle by
concentrate feed which derived from agricultural waste. The study was carried out in Sumba
Timur Regency, NTT. The location selection based on center of Ongole cattle. The study used 15
cattles, consist of 7 pregnant heifers, 4 male calves, 4 female calves. The basal feed used a rice
straw, while an agricultural waste used a rice bran, peanut straw, corn straw, corn cob, lamtoro
leaves, gamal leaves, and cassava leaves. The result showed that the average change in heifers
body weight which used a concentrate treatment higher than a bran treatment, consistent with the
high crude fiber content (36%) and Dry Matter digestibility (KcBK) and Organic Matter (KcBO)
low digestibility in-vitro (25% and 27%). The average of daily body weight of Ongole calves
that received concentrate treatment was compared to bran, and was consistent with a crude fiber
content 12.1%, compared to bran (5.6%). So, the conclusion of this study to increase the
productivity of Sumba Ongole Cattle, it is better to use a concentrate derived from local raw
materials, because the type of concentrate local raw material could improve and increase body
weight, produce high Dry Matter, Organic Matter and TDN digestibility.

Keywords: agricultural waste, location specific, Sumba Ongole cattle

Topic: Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development

310
 [ABS-122]
The effect of environmental factors on the productivity of Kampung Unggul Balitbangtan
(KUB) chicken in Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT)

Ati Rubianti (a*), Yanuar Achadri (a), Medo Kote (a), Sophia Ratnawaty (a), Procula R
Matitaputty (a)

a) Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology of Nusa Tenggara Timur (BPTP NTT), Indonesia
Agency for Agricultural Research and Development, Ministry of Agriculture
Jl. Timor Raya Km.32, Kupang Timur, Kupang, NTT

*atirubianti25@gmail.com

Abstract

Kampung Unggul Balitbangtan (KUB) Chicken is a selective range chicken which has a high
egg production. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of environmental factors i.e.
wind speed, humidity, and temperature on the productivity of chicken eggs Kampung Unggul
Balitbangtan (KUB) layer phase at 45-48 weeks. The research was conducted in October 2020,
located in Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology of Nusa Tenggara Timur. The data
obtained by measurement and calculation of population data, egg production, and mortality. The
result showed that the average of environmental factors in the form of wind speed, humidity, and
temperature were 21.40 m/s, 79.50%, and 30oC. The average of egg productivity, body weight,
and mortality of KUB chicken in laying phase at 45-48 weeks were 33.56%, 1.684 kg, and 4
chicken/week. All environmental factors together give an effect on productivity of KUB chicken
in NTT.

Keywords: KUB chicken, environmental factor, productivity

Topic: Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development

311
 [ABS-123]
Effect of local resources feed on different physiological status of Bali Cow

Ati Rubianti (a*), Sophia Ratnawaty (a), Yanuar Achadri (a), Medo Kote (a), Procula R
Matitaputty (a)

a) Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology of Nusa Tenggara Timur (BPTP NTT), Indonesia
Agency for Agricultural Research and Development, Ministry of Agriculture
Jl. Timor Raya Km.32, Kupang Timur, Kupang, NTT

*atirubianti25@gmail.com

Abstract

This study aims to determine the effect of local resource feed on different physiological statuses
in Bali cattle. This study has been carried out in the Lili Experimental Garden and the NTT
AIAT from July to October 2019 (for 4 months). The study used a completely randomized
design (CRD) with 3 feed treatments at different physiological status (female parent 5-7 years
old, male 2-3 years old and children 6-12 months). Each treatment consisted of 3 replications so
that for each physiological status there were 9 cows and a total of 27 cows were used. Feed
ingredients and feed formulations are analyzed in the laboratory using proximate analysis to
determine their nutritional content. The parameters observed were the nutritional value of feed,
feed consumption, changes in body weight at different physiological status. The results showed
that the feed treatment had a very significant effect (F count> 0.05 and 0.01) on the change in
body weight of bulls and had a significant effect on feed consumption (bulls, cows and calves)
and changes in body weight in physiological status. different (female parent and child). The feed
treatment that gave the best average yield was B feed. The average of the highest body weight at
each physiological status were bulls (0.43 kg /head/day), female cows (0.62 kg /head/day) and
calves. cattle (0.28 kg/head/day).

Keywords: local resource feed, bali cattle, physiological status

Topic: Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development

312
 [ABS-134]
Relation and influence of entrepreneurial orientation, social capital, and warm glow on
sustainable agricultural development in the border area of Sebatik Island

A Mubarak (a), Nia Kurnia Suryana (a), Elly Jumiati (a), Sekar Intan (a)

a) Faculty of Agriculture, Social Economics And Agribusiness Department, Tarakan Borneo University

Abstract

Sustainable agricultural development in the agricultural sector has a very significant contribution
to the achievement of the targets and goals of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
program, namely for human welfare. Sustainable agricultural development is a relationship of
several aspects that is integrated with one another. This study aims to examine the relation and
influence of entrepreneurial orientation, social capital, and warm glow on sustainable agricultural
development in the border area of Sebatik island, North Kalimantan. Data collection was carried
out by distributing questionnaires and in-depth interviews with 300 farmers as respondents.
Sampling was done using purposive sampling method. The collected data were developed using
structural equation modeling (SEM) and assisted by the AMOS program. The results show that
the overall structural equation model meets the Goodness of Fit Model value (Chi-Square:
68.333- Probability: 0.398- RMSEA: 0.013- GFI: 0.956- AGFI: 0.930- CFI: 0.998) which means
that the developed model is appropriate with existing empirical conditions

Keywords: Orientation entrepreneurial, social capital, warm glow, structural equation models.

Topic: Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development

313
 [ABS-135]
The meaning of working of Makassar tribe farmers (Case study in Batulapis, Malino
Village, Tinggimoncong District, Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi)

Nurbaya Busthanul (a), Eymal B. Demmallino (a), Saleh S. Ali (a), Rahmawati A. Nadja (a),
Akhsan Djalaluddin (a), Yopie Lumoindong (a), A. Amrullah (a), A. Arfah Noor (a)

a) Agribusiness Study Program, Departement of Agricultural Socio-Economics, Faculty of Agriculture,

Hasanuddin University, Makassar.

Abstract

Every Makassar ethnic farmer has a meaning that is relevant to the values of the Makassar Tribe
in the form of instrument, social, intellectual and expressive meanings in carrying out their
farming activities, both subsistence farmers who are oriented with moral choice, meaning that
they carry out farming activities only to meet basic needs and commercial farmers who are
oriented. Rational choice means running farming activities to get the maximum benefit. This
study aims to: 1) Describe the rice farming activities of the Batulapis environment, Malino
Village, Tinggimoncong District, Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi, 2) Describe the meaning of
work of rice farmers in the Batulapis Environment, and 3) Identify Makassar values that are
relevant to the meaning of farmer work. This study used a qualitative descriptive approach with
the research location in Batulapis, Malino Village, Tinggimoncong District, Gowa Regency,
South Sulawesi. The results of the study concluded that: 1) There were 2 farms that developed in
the Batulapis environment, namely rice and horticulture. Knowledge of farming activities has
been obtained since he was a child, in carrying out his farming activities there are several
similarities ranging from preparing tools and materials to post-harvest and using traditional tools
which are still maintained. 2) Subsistence Farmers and Commercial Farmers Have four existing
criteria for meaning. Starting from the meaning of the instrument, the social meaning, the
intristrik meaning and the meaning of expression. In each meaning there is the same meaning
and different meanings depending on the conditions experienced by farmers. 3) There are several
Makassar values that are relevant to the meaning of work obtained by subsistence farmers and
commercial farmers.

Keywords: Meaning of work, Farmers, Subsistence, Commercial

Topic: Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development

314
 [ABS-136]
Passion fruit development startegy (Case study in Pulu-Pulu Village, Buntu Pepasan
District, North Toraja Regency)

Nurbaya Busthanul (a), Sitti Bulkis (a), Masyhur Syafiuddin (b), Saadah (a), Rahmadanih (a),
Rusli M. Rukka (a), Firda Laksmita (a)

a) Department of Agricultural Socio-Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University

b) Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University

Abstract

The market opportunities for the demand for fresh and processed passion fruit are very wide
open, especially the demand for the fruit juice beverage industry, so the development of passion
fruit agribusiness and agro-industry needs to be further improved. This study aims to analyze the
application of passion fruit cultivation technology and formulate a passion fruit plant
development strategy that is used, namely the Mix Method (Descriptive, Quantitative and
Qualitative). Data collection was carried out by means of observation and interviews with a
sample of 57 people. The results of this study indicate that the level of application of passion
fruit cultivation technology in the nursery stage is high category, planting is medium category-
fertilization category low- low maintenance category. Alternative strategies for the development
of passion fruit plants are increasing production by applying the latest agricultural technology-
increase number of farmer group meetings- make local government as a forum for providing
information and training to farmer groups- find partners in marketing, increase the role of
extension agents- improving the quality of infrastructure- increasing farmers^ initiative in
obtaining guidance on controlling plant diseases- increasing government control in reviewing the
extent to which the socialized information can be well received by farmer groups.

Keywords: Strategy, Development, Plant, Passion fruit plant

Topic: Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development

315
 [ABS-145]
Optimizing resources through bio-industrial agriculture innovations based on vegetables
and beef-cattle in the middleland of Tabanan, Bali Province

L Hutahaean (a), VW Hanifah (a)

a) Indonesian Center for Agricultural Technology Assessment and Development (ICATAD), Ministry of
Agriculture, Bogor, Indonesia

Abstract

Abstract. Bio-industrial agriculture innovation is intended to reach a sustainability in farming

practices by optimizing local resources and addressing environmentally friendly. The study
aimed at exploring the technical, economic, social and environmental impacts of optimizing
agricultural resources through bio-industrial agriculture innovation. This research was conducted
in the middleland of Baturiti Village, Antapan District, Tabanan Regency, Bali Province. Data
was collected from Focus Group Discussion conducted in 2018 with 30 farmers from three
different groups and local extension agents. Updates were also received from the latest report by
AIAT Bali in 2019. The results showed that: (1) planting index was very high that vegetables
were harvested weekly- (2) the usage of chemical inputs decreased by 50-70% due to the
integrated closed-cycle system between livestock and crop biomass in the bio-industrial
agriculture system- (3) production costs reduced for fertilizers, pesticides and labor- (4) value
added of products increased by selling organic and processed products- (5) labor empowerment
increased because farming was carried out throughout the year- (6) environmental condition was
well improved and has the potential for agro-tourism. In conclusion, the optimization of
agricultural resources through bio-industrial agriculture innovation can be referred as a model for
sustainable agriculture as well as environmentally friendly.

Keywords: bio-industrial, sustainability, innovation

Topic: Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development

316
 [ABS-146]
The development strategy of palm sugar business

Makkarennu (a*), Ridwan (a), Sam Suriyani (a)

a) Faculty of Forestry, Hasanuddin University, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan Km.10 Tamalanrea Makassar,
South Sulawesi, Indonesia 90245

*nmakkarennu@gmail.com

Abstract

Sugar palm (Arenga pinnata, MERR) is a nontimber forest products (NTFPs) that has economic
potential, especially for people who live around the forest. One of the products derived from
Arenga pinnata is palm sugar, however, the management of palm sugar business cannot be
developed to the maximum because the business model is still done traditional managed. This
study aims to analyze internal and external factors in formulating appropriate strategic priorities
in the development of palm sugar business in Gantarang Village, Sinjai Tengah District, Sinjai
Regency, South Sulawesi. The method used in this study is a combination of SWOT and AHP by
describing internal and external factors and then formulating several strategic choices to
determine the most appropriate strategy. The results showed that among the four SWOT groups
(Strengths (S), Weaknesses (W), Opportunities (O) and Threats (T)) that were the priority for the
development of palm sugar business were Strength (S) groups with a value of 12.82 with the
most strategy right to apply is the ST2 strategy of increasing cooperation with the government in
expanding market networks with a priority value of 0.82

Keywords: AHP- Palm sugar- Strategy- SWOT analysis

Topic: Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development

317
 [ABS-147]
Pineapple farmer corporation development strategy in Central Lampung district,
Indonesia

N R Ahmadi (a), M Mardiharini (a), C Indrawanto (a)

a) Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Jln. Tentara
Pelajar No.10, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia.

Abstract

Central Lampung is a pineapple production center that supplies fresh pineapples for national
demand. Sub-optimal production and marketing, which are still controlled by middlemen, are the
main problems in pineapple developments. The research aims to identify the potential and need
for innovation, and to formulate a strategy for developing pineapple based on farmer
corporations. The research was conducted from September to October 2020 in Punggur Sub
District. Data collection was carried out through Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and in-depth
interviews with local champions. The SWOT approach as well as IFE and EFE analysis have
been used to determine the best strategy. The results showed that farmers used the Queen variety
from 1970, so that the quality production decreased. The innovations needed are mainly related
to cultivation (irrigation, crop rotation, control of pests). The existence of Farmer-Owned
Enterprises in collaboration with BUMDES has the potential to be reactivated into a farmer
corporation. The IFE and EFE analysis show that the strategy that needs to be taken is the
development strategy (SO strategy). Policies that need to be followed are increasing: the role and
skills of extension workers- and the role of farmers group or corporation in pineapple production
and marketing.

Keywords: Central Lampung district, farmers corporate, pineapple, strategy

Topic: Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development

318
 [ABS-151]
Distribution of agricultural gumption in various agroecosystem as a strategy to maintain
farm household income sustainability

Bernard deRosari (a), Evert Y. Hosang (a), dan Tony Basuki (a)

a) NTT Assessment Institute for Agriculture Technology

Abstract

The research was conducted in Manggarai District, East Nusa Tenggara Province. The District
has two agroekosistems, there are dry land and wet climate high land, and dry land and climate
and low land. Data was collected from 12 subdistrict in Manggarai district, by using Focus
Group Discussion and observation method. The research results showed that farmer^s strategies
were (a) growing multy commodities, so agricultural gumption and income distributed along the
year, (b) in certain months were household income was supported by several commodities, but in
other months were supported by only one commodity even there is no income. In high land zone,
there is a range of time that is supported by several commodities, and in the low land zone, there
are two supports from several commodities. In the two zones, there are several months with low
income, so it is needed to find the other activity such as off farm and non farm to get income.
The various farming activities which is running by farmers have aims to distribute risks, food
security and also maintain agriculture product stability.

Keywords: Key words : Multi commodity, Distribution, and Agro-ekosystem

Topic: Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development

319
 [ABS-154]
Analysis of economic feasibility of assisted tractors in Banten Province, Indonesia

V Siagian (a) , and I Hidayah (b)

a) Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology (AIAT) of Banten, Indonesia Ministry of

Agriculture, Jln. Ciptayasa Km 01 Ciruas, Serang, Banten province.42182.

Abstract

Banten province has received hand tractors assistance since 2012 - 2016 as many as 2,734 units
hand tractor, and four-wheel or 4W-TR was 64 units. The objectives of this study were: 1)
Knowing the performance and effectiveness of tractors in Banten province, 2) Knowing the
economic feasibility of tractors business, 3) Knowing the business problems of tractors. The
method of analysis used B/C ratio, IRR, NPV, PP and descriptive. The results are: 1) The
potential capacity of hand tractors is 32.6 ha/year while the actual capacity only 23.9 ha/year, so
the effectiveness is 73.3%, while the effectiveness of 4-WT is 22.8%, 2) For hand tractor the
value of B/C ratio based on economic price is 0.66, NPV discounted factor 45% is IDR
8,953,415, and IRR is 78%, and PP is 1.73 years, for 4-WT the value of B/C ratio is 0.89, NPV is
IDR. 16,693,824 and IRR is 11%, and PP is 11.7 years. 3) The problem of tractors business
namely if there is an engine failure, the owner has not been able to fix it and the availability of
spare parts is relatively difficult.

Keywords: Effectiveness- tractors business- economics feasibility- problems.

Topic: Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development

320
 [ABS-156]
Characteristics of rice agribusiness in rural areas of Serdang Bedagai Regency, North
Sumatra

Moral Abadi Girsang (a), Khadijah El Ramija (a),Imelda Marpaung (a), Erfina Manurung (a),
Shabil Hidayat (a), Tumpal Sipahutar (a), L.Haloho (a), P.Nainggolan (a)

a) Balai Pengkajian Teknologi Pertanian Sumatera Utara

Abstract

This research was conducted to determine the characteristics of the rice farming system in
Serdang Bedagai Regency and to recommend some policies to increase the contribution of rice
agribusiness to rural development. The studies carried out included the existing technology used
by farmers, production, productivity, cropping indexes, analysis of farming system and
distribution, and marketing of products. The research method used in this study is a survey
method with a purposive sampling technique to 40 farmer respondents. Structured interviews
were also conducted with traders, rice mill entrepreneurs, and policymakers. The data analysis
used in this research is descriptive analysis and quantitative analysis. Qualitative analysis is used
to find an overview of the technology, production, productivity, cropping index, and marketing
and to explain the costs and income of rice farmers which are described descriptively. The
quantitative analysis used is the analysis of farm costs and income, the analysis of the ratio of
revenue and costs (R / C ratio), and the cost per kg milled dry grain. The results showed that the
cultivation technology used by farmers was varied, there were 23 villages whose rice
productivity was still below 5 tons / h, ten villages in 3 sub-districts had the cropping index still
below 2, the R / C ratio of rice farming was 1.45, where the cost To produce 1 kg of milled dry
grain in Serdang Bedagei Regency, on average, it costs IDR 3,099 / kg of milled dry grain.
Meanwhile, the distribution and marketing of the harvest were controlled by big rice mill
entrepreneurs.

Keywords: agribusiness, rural development, rice, Serdang Bedagai

Topic: Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development

321
 [ABS-162]
The diversification of processed chayote (sechium edule) into dodol to improve its added
value

Ratna Wylis Arief (a), Soraya (a), RD Tambunan (a)

a) Lampung Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology (AIAT), Indonesia

Abstract

Chayote (Sechium edule) or often called jipang or Labu Siam in Indonesian, is generally
consumed by the public as a vegetable. If the harvest is abundant, the chayote^s price will be
low- thus, many of the chayotes are left alone or thrown away or become livestock feed. The
chayote processing into ^dodol^ is an alternative to overcome the abundance of chayote during
the harvest season so that the chayote farmers still have a decent income from their chayote
farming. This research was conducted in Bernung Village, Gedong Tataan District, Pesawaran
Regency, Lampung Province, from October to December 2018. The parameters observed were
water content, ash content, crude fiber content, fat content, protein content, carbohydrate content,
vitamin C content, energy levels, consumer preference (color, flavor, taste, and elasticity), and
analysis of the chayote dodol farming. The results of this research showed that the chayote dodol
contain complete nutritional content, i.e., water content (20.07%), ash (1.26%), crude fiber
(1.18%), fat (3.09%), protein (2.15%), carbohydrate (72.24%), vitamin C (0.46 mg/g), and
energy (701.03 cal/g). Moreover, consumer acceptances for the color, flavor, taste, and elasticity
are excellent, with an average score of > 4 (very like) and very feasible to develop into
commercial, with a B/C ratio of 1.95

Keywords: Chayote, dodol, added value

Topic: Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development

322
 [ABS-167]
The strategy of maize farming system development on subsistent/semi commercial farmers

Helena Da Silva (a), Yohanes Leki Seran (a)

a) Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology East Nusa Tenggara

Jl.Timor Raya Km.32 Naibonat-Kupang-NTT

Abstract

Subsistent/semi commercial farmers were very slow to adopt the new technology of maize
cultivation, although the new introduction technology could be done by farmers, economies and
compatible with farmer^s socio-culture. Generally, that was caused introduction technology need
high inputs (i.e. superior seed maize varieties, fertilizer, and pesticides), and other sides
orientation of maize cultivation by subsistent/semi commercial farmers for food security, farmers
limited money to bought inputs, and inputs shop in sub district/village levels was nothing. The
consequence was introduction of new technology could not extend and farmers back to existing
technology after character building had finished. The research was conducted on 3 (three)
farmer^s group and planted area 15 hectares of maize in South Timor Tengah district, East Nusa
Tenggara province in 2017-2018. The research showed the problems could be overcome by
guiding of new technology to farmers/farmer^s group among 1-2 times planting and building of
new institutional i.e. clinic of technology on village level. Extension workers and group of
farmer^s group (GAPOKTAN) manage clinic of technology. The clinic function was to inform
new agricultural information to farmers/farmer^s group and be responsibility to supplying of
inputs. To guarantee the continuity maize farming system, farmers need loan assistance with
semi grand system. Farmers/farmers group borrow inputs from the clinic of technology and it
refund by maize product after harvesting. The clinic of technology did maize processing and sold
maize in early rainy season. The clinic of technology built maize seed industry unit in village
level and bought inputs (fertilizer and pesticides) from agricultural shop on district/province
level. This strategy could guarantee sustainability maize farming system and potential to develop
in other village.

Keywords: Maize, Adopt, Subsistent/semi commercial farmers, Clinic of technology

Topic: Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development

323
 [ABS-171]
The suitability of upland rice and dryland soil fertility status in Bengkulu Province

Nurmegawati, Yartiwi (a), Irma Calista (a), Yesmawati (a), Shannora Yuliasari (a), Yudi Sastro
(a)

a) Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology Bengkulu

Jl Irian km 6,5 38119 Kota Bengkulu

Abstract

The problem on dry land is that it has a low fertility rate which causes low land productivity so
that production is low, so that technological innovation are needed that are adapted to land
typology and characteristics. This study aims to determine the suitability of upland rice land and
soil fertility status which was carried out in 3 sub-districts namely Air Periukan, Pondok Kelapa
and Kerkap in 2019. The parameters observed were land characteristics which included climate
data and soil physical and chemical properties. Data analysis was carried out by matching each
land characteristic with the conditions for upland rice growth and the conclusion was based on
the smallest value (minimum law) as a land suitability decision. Soil fertility status is determined
based on the classification of the value of the combination of CEC, alkaline saturation, C-
organic, total P2O5 and total K2O. The results showed that the suitability of upland rice land in
Air Periukan District was included in S3 with limiting factors for water availability and nutrient
retention, the suitability of upland rice land in Pondok Kelapa district including S3 with limiting
factors for water availability, while the suitability of upland rice land in Kerkap district was
included in S3 with limiting factors nutrient retention and nutrient availability. The status of soil
fertility is very low - low. The suggested alternative for soil cultivation is by increasing C-
organic and CEC which can also increase other nutrient content by providing manure, straw
compost and giving balanced inorganic fertilizers

Keywords: land suitability, land characteristics, upland rice, soil fertility

Topic: Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development

324
 [ABS-172]
Sustainability assessment of chili farming in the highlands of Pacet Sub District, Regency
of Cianjur,West Java Province

Lira Mailena (a), Enti Sirnawati (a), Ermin Widjaja (a)

a) Indonesian Center for Agricultural Technology Assessment and Development

Jalan Tentara Pelajar No 10 Ciwaringin, Bogor

Abstract

Chili farming in the highlands is facing the problem of decreasing land fertility due to the loss of
soil top layer. Further, high humidity and rainfall causes more pests and disease attacks the chili
plants. Therefore, soil conservation, pests and plant diseases controlling are the priority in
management of chili farming and these efforts are practically in line with the goal of sustainable
agricultural development. This study aims to analyze the sustainability status of chili farming in
the Highlands of Pacet Sub district, Region of Cianjur, West Java Province with 34 attributes on
dimension of environment, economic, social, technology, and institution. Sustainability
assessment using multidimensional scaling approach with RAP- Chili technique showed the
result that chili farming in highlands of Pacet was quite sustainable with an index about 54.39%.
Out of five dimensions, environment and economic dimension had the highest index in
moderately sustainable category while other dimensions were less sustainable. Thus,
improvement toward sustainable chili farming could be prioritized on less sustainable dimension
which were social, technology and institution by considering leverage attributes of those
dimensions, namely extension program, application of bio pesticide and pest trap, post
harvesting technology and availability of marketing institution.

Keywords: chili farming, sustainability, environment, economic, social, technology, institution

Topic: Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development

325
 [ABS-175]
Factors affecting Indonesia’s CPO exports in international trade

Achmad Amiruddin (a), Muhammad Arsyad (a), Suharno (b) anda Siti Jahroh (b)

a) Universitas Hasanuddin
b) IPB University

Abstract

Palm oil is a commodity of plantation product that has an important role in Indonesia^s economy
and is also an export commodity that produces GDP besides the oil and gas. The main product of
palm oil was crude palm oil (CPO) and there are several derivate products such as RBD Palm
Olein and Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD). As the main product, CPO export volume
increases positively along with the increasing of CPO in export destination country as food
material and biodiesel. However, since the application of export tax policy in 2009, there was a
change of export composition from CPO to palm oil derivative products namely RBD Palm
Olein and PFAD. The results of this study showed based on the result of ordinary least square
(OLS), the variables that had significant influence were: (1) India: the lag of export volume- (2)
Malaysia: the price of soybean oil- (3) Netherlands: RCA- (4) Italy: the price of sunflower oil,
RCA, exchange rate and dummy of export tax.

Keywords: policy, OLS, palm oil

Topic: Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development

326
 [ABS-186]
Support for animal feed innovation technology in the North Sulawesi Border Area

Agustinus N. Kairupan (a), Hasrianti Silondae (a), Herlina N. Salamba (a)

a) North Sulawesi Assessment Institute For Agricultural Technology (AIAT)

Abstract

One of the visions of the Nawacita Program launched by the President of Indonesia, Mr. Jokowi,
is to build Indonesia from the periphery by strengthening regions and villages within the
Republic of Indonesia and the development of border areas. Each border region has the potential
for various agricultural and cultural resources, however, so far most of these potential resources
have not been managed properly and have even been underutilized. The potential of available
livestock, land, feed, and human resources is sufficient to support livestock development in
border areas. Livestock activities in general in border areas can contribute economically to
farmer households. The current problem, namely livestock productivity in this region is still very
low. This is due to several things, namely where farmers in raising their livestock still use
traditional cultivation systems, and the use and mastery of technological innovations that are still
very limited, especially in providing a source of animal feed. As an area with potential for
plantation crops, especially coconuts, which produce untapped waste by-products. Through
several touches of technological innovation, the plantation waste can be processed into a source
of quality feed, so it is hoped that an increase in livestock productivity and the welfare of
farmers-breeders in the border area of North Sulawesi.

Keywords: Animal, Feed Innovation, Border Area

Topic: Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development

327
 [ABS-200]
Characteristics and growth of merawang chicken in Bangka Belitung under traditional
management system

Nuraini (a), Zikril Hidayat (a), Sigit Puspito(a) and Suyatno(a)

(a) Bangka Belitung Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology

Jalan Mentok km.4 Pangkalpinang 33134

Abstract

Merawang Chicken is a local chicken originated from Bangka Belitung based on the Decree of
the Minister of Agriculture No.2846/kpts/L8.410/8/2012. In addition to its historical value,
Merawang chicken also has high economic value, therefore it needs to be conserved. Most of the
Merawang chicken management system in Bangka Belitung is still traditional so that the original
characteristics of the Merawang chicken are thought to have been mixed with other native
chickens. This study aims to evaluate the characteristics of Merawang chickens in the Bangka
Belitung Islands traditionally raised by farmers. This research was conducted on six farmers at 3
districts on Bangka Island (Pangkalpinang, Bangka, and Central Bangka). Qualitative traits and
quantitative traits were observed. There was non-uniformity in the qualitative traits of Merawang
chickens at the farmer level, especially in the color of the feathers. As for the quantitative traits,
some of the body sizes of Merawang chickens at the farmer level are still below the size stated in
the Minister of Agriculture Decree No.2846/kpts/ LB.430/8/2012 such as breast length, head
length, and comb length. The Average Daily Gain (ADG) for each location also varies depending
on the type of feed given.

Keywords: local chicken, merawang chicken, qualitative traits, traditional farmer

Topic: Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development

328
 [ABS-209]
Assessing the irrigation system distribution to the cropping index and riceland potency in
North Tapanuli Regency

Deddy Romulo Siagian (a), Novia Chairuman (a), Tumpal Sipahutar and Sri Endah Nurzannah
(a)

a) Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology of North Sumatera

Abstract

The irrigation system is one of the main supporting factors to increase the production of
agricultural commodity, especially rice. Recently, the significant contribution from irrigation
system gave small value because of some issues such as climate change, land use change, the
existing river and the infrastructure damage from the irrigation system itself. Indeed, it gives
impact to the total of rice production. This paper has objectives to map the distribution of
irrigation system and to observe the correlation of irrigation system distribution to the cropping
index, total irrigated-area, and the total production of rice area in North Tapanuli Regency. The
Geographical Information System (GIS) was applied for the mapping of the irrigation system
distribution, and the SPSS was implemented as well to analyze the contribution of the irrigation
system in rice cultivation. The results show that the highest of number of irrigation coverage area
is located in Siborong-borong, Pagaran and Tarutung Districts by 19,10 and 9 respectively.
Besides, it found that the coverage area has significant correlation with the cropping index and
total irrigated area parameters. Based on the results, it needs to increase the irrigated-coverage
area on the districts, which has a big opportunity to improve its future productivity.

Keywords: irrigation system, cropping index, riceland potency, north tapanuli

Topic: Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development

329
 [ABS-211]
Potential of fruit plants and opportunities of product diversification in dusung pattern
farmers in Wakal Village, Ambon Island

Jan W. Hatulesila (a), Amran Achmad (b), Daud Malamassam (b), Samsuddin Millang (b)

a) Faculty of Agriculture - Pattimura University

b) Faculty of Forestry - Hasanuddin University

Abstract

Wanatani or Agroforestry in Maluku is commonly known as dusung. The dusung pattern is the
traditional use of land as a form of local wisdom of the local community from passing down on
land resources and its ecosystem. This farming system is a pattern of combining agricultural
plants with forestry plants on a stretch of land. The potential types of fruit plants in several
villages on Ambon Island are generally diverse. When harvesting, the types of fruit trees, which
are sometimes abundant, are wasted because they are damaged because they are left alone
without further processing management. For this reason, research is needed related to the
distribution of fruit crops per hectare, the potential for production every season and opportunities
for product diversification to improve the welfare of the farming community.
This study used a qualitative descriptive method through observation techniques to collect
potential data and interview information related to the experience and knowledge of farmers
about fruit crop cultivation and their views related to product development from fruit types to
increase income. The results showed that Wakal Village had an area of customary ownership by
each household or / clan / family covering an area of 40 ha. There are 10 types of fruit crop
products that have economic value with an average of 0.5 - 5 ha of arable land owned by dusung
farmers. The alternative of fruit diversification into processed products to increase the income of
dusung farmers is a profitable alternative

Keywords: Potential of Fruit Plants, Product Diversification, Dusung Pattern Wanatani

Topic: Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development

330
 [ABS-234]
Strategy for the development of large scale grain milling industry in Maros Regency

Desi Salmah (a)

a) Universitas Hasanuddin

Abstract

Maros Regency has a production of Harvested Dry Grain(GKP) of 295,800 in 2019 which is
supported by 642 units of grain milling industry, including 12 large-scale mills spread across 14
sub-districts. However, the existence of the Industry was not able to maximize the processing of
the GKP production. The objective of this study (1)to analyze the current state (existing)
industrial milling grain in Maros, (2)identify and analyze the factors inhibiting and supporting
the industrial development of milling grain in Maros, (3)Formulate industrial development
strategy of milling grain in the District Maros. Data analysis carried out included Internal and
External Strategic Factor Analysis through identification of the factors that have been made,
IFAS Matrix Analysis (Internal Strategic Factor Analysis Summary) and EFAS Matrix (External
Strategic Factor Analysis Summary) by determining the weight and rating on the IFAS matrix.
and EFAS. and Swot analysis is carried out by means of a SWOT matrix analysis,by conducting
a merger interaction (merger) of the internal factor group (Strength,Weakness),with the external
factor group (Opportunity, Threat). The results of the study show that Strength-Opportunity (SO)
produces the highest weight, namely 6,55, so the grain milling industry in Maros Regency should
take advantage of all strengths to seize and take advantage of the greatest opportunities.

Keywords: Harvested-grain milling industry-development strategy

Topic: Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development

331
 [ABS-235]
Land use, disaster and the peasant’s vulnerability in the rural area

Kasmiati (a), Sumarni Panikkai (b), Andi Arafat (a), Arafat Abdullah (a)

a) Universitas Sulawesi Barat, Majene, Indonesia

b) Balai Penelitian Tanaman Serelia, Maros, Indonesia

Abstract

Abstract. In recent times some villages have become increasingly vulnerable. This condition can
be triggered by many things, one of which is the influx of large capital into rural areas through
extractive industries that encourage changes in land use and commodities in villages. This paper
is intended to examine the relationship between spatial change and the vulnerability experienced
by peasants. This research was conducted in two villages in Konawe Selatan District, Southeast
Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. The first is Laeya village in Laeya sub-district and the second is
Roraya village, Tinanggea sub-district. The method used is a qualitative approach, namely direct
observation in the two research locations, in-depth interviews, and focus group discussion. In
addition, it used GIS to photograph the existing conditions of the research location. Then, it was
analyzed using political ecology to see the interconnectedness between phenomena. The results
showed that in the two locations studied, spatial changes were triggered by extractive industries,
through mining and oil palm plantation activities. When rural areas are subjected to extractive
industries then the first thing that happens is a change in land use through changing commodities.
This condition changes the landscape which in turn triggers a disaster. In recent years, the two
areas studied have faced disaster risks, especially floods, which have severely impacted the
livelihoods of residents and caused farmers to be deeply vulnerable.

Keywords: landscape change, disaster, vulnerability, rural, peasant

Topic: Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development

332
 [ABS-246]
Optimizing the utilization of backyard land through development sustainable food houses
region model (M-KRPL) in Berau Regency

Yossita Fiana (a) and Muhamad Hidayanto (a)

a) Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology of East Kalimantan

Abstract

The issue of food security is the main focus in agricultural development operational policies. The
backyard land in Indonesia is quite extensive and potential to support food security, but its
utilization has not been optimal. Therefore, in order to support family food security, the Ministry
of Agriculture has developed a Sustainable Food Houses Region model (m-KRPL) to optimize
backyard land and food diversification. The purpose of the assessment is to utilize the backyard
land through diversification of local food with the Sustainable Food Houses Region model (m-
KRPL). The assessment was carried out in Berau District in 2016-2017. The results of the study
indicate that the use of the backyard land through the development of alternative food crops,
vegetable crops, and fish can support food security and increase family income.

Keywords: food crops- vegetable crops- sustainable- food security- Berau

Topic: Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development

333
 [ABS-251]
Soil properties and infiltration rate in sago palm (Metroxylon sago) forest in Rongkong
Watershed South Sulawesi

Oktaviani Nelsi (a,b,c), Usman Arsyad (a), Budirman Bachtiar (a), Dorothea Agnes Rampisela
(b,c,d*)

a) Faculty of Forestry, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia

b) Sago Research Group, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
c) Organic Food Program Association of Medical Doctors of Asia Indonesia Chapter
d) Departement of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245,
Indonesia

*agnes.unhas@gmail.com

Abstract

Sago palm, one of the dominant wetland vegetation in the Rongkong Watershed, contributes to
groundwater recharge through its ability to pass water into the ground. This study aims to
determine the effect of sago forest canopy density on the infiltration rate in the middle and
downstream zones of the Rongkong Watershed in South Sulawesi. Other independent variables
were soil properties and environmental factors. The relationship between the three independent
variables on the infiltration rate was analyzed using multiple linear regression. Infiltration rate
observes with ponded infiltration method at five density classes. The results showed that the
infiltration rate in the middle stream increased along with the increase of density classes of sago
forests. The downstream, on the other hand, has an insignificant difference between density
classes. The result of the regression analysis showed that the coefficient of determination in the
middle and downstream zones was 64.5 % and 38.5 %, respectively. The simultaneous test of
variable significance in the middle stream shows that the sago forest canopy density,
groundwater level, initial soil moisture, and air humidity have a significant effect with p-value
<0.05.

Keywords: Infiltration rate- sago palm forest- soil properties- wetland.

Topic: Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development

334
 [ABS-335]
Consumer decision making on rice purchasing in Makassar City : Case study on rice
consumers in Pasar Terong

Saadah (a*), A Amrullah (a), Ferawati (a), Abd Gaffar Tahir (b), and Maryam Nurdin (b)

a) Faculty of Agriculture, Agribisnis Program Study, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar

b) BPTP Maluku Jln. Chr. Soplanit, Rumah Tiga, Ambon.

*saadah2010@gmail.com

Abstract

Rice is a food commodity that is consumed by many Indonesians. With the presence of branded
and un-branded rice in the sale of rice in the market, studies on consumer behavior need to be
conducted so that consumers' needs for rice products in accordance with expectations. At all
times consumers experience changes in consuming. Changes that will directly affect consumer
behavior patterns include market segmentation. This study aims to analyze the decision-making
process made by consumers in the purchase of rice and analyze the relationship of geographic
segmentation, demographics, psychography and consumer behavior to rice purchasing decisions.
This research was conducted in Makassar Pasar Terong. The analysis method used is descriptive
analysis and chi square test. The results concluded that all rice consumers conduct all stages of
purchasing decision making, namely problem recognition, information search, alternative
evaluation, purchasing decisions and post-purchase behavior and there isno relationship between
geographicsegmentation and psychography with purchasing decisions. In terms of gender, age,
marital status, occupation, number of family members there is no relationship to purchasing
decisions while in terms of education level and family income indicates a positive relationship to
purchasing decisions. In behavioral segmentation, the benefits that consumers are looking for
have no connection to purchasing decisions while loyalty status indicates a relationship with
purchasing decisions

Keywords:

Topic: Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development

335
 [ABS-336]
Factors affecting the change of land function from paddy field to housing in North Sinjai
District

P Diansari (a*), R A Nadja (a), M S S Ali (a), N Busthanul (a), Rahmadanih (a), Sucirawaati (a)

a) Program Studi Agribisnis, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar

*pipidiansari@gmail.com

Abstract

Along with the increasing population and the development of economic structure, land needs for
non-agricultural activities tend to continue to increase. This trend makes the transfer of
agricultural land functions difficult to avoid. Land transfer starts from the demand for
agricultural commodities, especially food commodities that are less elastic to income compared
to the demand for non-agricultural commodities. This study aims to find out the factors that
influence the transfer of land functions from rice fields to housing in North Sinjai District. The
results showed that during the period studied, namely from December 2017 to January 2018,
factors that influenced the transfer of land functions from rice fields to residential land, namely
land area, and the location of land partially had a real effect on the transfer of land functions,
while the factors of education level, number of dependents, urgent needs and neighbors who
converted their land partially had no real effect on the transfer of household land functions of
respondents in transfer of land functions from rice fields to housing.

Keywords:

Topic: Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development

336
 [ABS-337]
Effectiveness of the bansos rastra distribution program in Kajang District, Bulukumba
Regency

Darwis (a*), P Didiansari (a), Y Lumoindong (a), E B Demmallino (a), M A Ramlan (a)

a) Agribusiness Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Makassar

*darwisali@yahoo.co.id

Abstract

Prosperous Rice Social Assistance (Bansos Rastra) is a program organized by the Indonesian
government that aims to increase and open up access for poor families to food, especially rice.
The effectiveness of Bansos Rastra distribution can be assessed through the achievement of the
6R targets (six right), namely the right target recipient, the right amount, the right price, the right
time, the right administration and the right quality. The large number of poor households in
Kajang District, Bulukumba Regency requires an evaluation of the effectiveness of the Bansos
Rastra program so that the program runs optimally and avoids conflicts related to aid
distribution. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the distribution of the Bansos Rastra
program in Kajang District, Bulukumba Regency, South Sulawesi. This research uses
quantitative methods. The results of the study concluded that the implementation of the Bansos
Rastra Program in Kajang District, Bulukumba Regency was classified as ineffective. The level
of effectiveness of the implementation of the Bansos Rastra Program is low, at only 42,37%.

Keywords:

Topic: Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development

337
 [ABS-338]
Decision level of farmers in processing sago in North Luwu

N Lanuhu (a*), A Amiruddin (a), Saadah (a), R A Nadja (a), A Amrullah (a), A Saputri (a)

a) Agribusiness Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Makassar

*lanuhunurdin@gmai.com

Abstract

Sago (Metroxylon spp) is a food commodity that contains a lot of carbohydrates, so sago is a
staple food ingredient for several regions in Indonesia such as Maluku, Irian Jaya, Riau and
Sulawesi. Sago plants have important social, economic and ecological roles for some
communities. This study aims to measure the level of decision of sago farmers in terms of
external factors in the West Malangke District. The results showed that during the period studied,
from March to April 2019, the level of decisions of farmers in West Malangke District was in the
high category with an average value of 30,85 and there were three factors that influenced the
level of farmer's decisions in managing sago, namely the food need factor, economic factors and
ecological factors

Keywords:

Topic: Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development

338
 [ABS-339]
Comparative analysis of production and income of rice farmers using and not using
People's Business Credit (KUR)

R A Nadja (a*), K Budiasa (a), R M Rukka (a), Y Lumoindong (a), N M Viantika (a)

a) Agribusiness Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Makassar

*Rahmawatysosek@gmail.com

Abstract

The agricultural commodity that is expected to move positively in terms of increasing production
and income is rice. One of the methods used is the provision of capital to control production
inputs. One of the methods used by the government is to provide loans, namely the people's
business credit program (KUR). The purpose of this study was to analyze the comparison of
production and income of rice farmers using and not using KUR in Balirejo Village, Angkona
District, East Luwu Regency. The analysis technique used is the farm income analysis method.
The results of this study indicate that from the results of comparison of production, the average
income of farmers who use KUR is lower than farmers who do not use KUR. Farmers who use
KUR have an average income of Rp. 17,634,912 while farmers who do not use KUR have an
average income of Rp. 17,886,204

Keywords:

Topic: Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development

339
 [ABS-340]
Comparison of rice farming income planting system moving rice transplanter with manual
in Sidoraharjo Village

R A Nadja (a*), I Summase (a), M Salam (a), N Busthanul (a), R Bakri (a), B Hartono (a)

a) Agribusiness Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Makassar

*rahmawatysosek@gmai.com

Abstract

In Indonesia, especially in South Sulawesi, one of the machines used for planting is rice
transplanter planting machine. The effective use of rice seed grower machines will ensure better
rice productivity, namely increased production and income. The purpose of this study was to
compare rice farming income between rice transplanter planting system with manual moving
planting and to analyze whether planting technology moved Rice Transplanter more profitable
than manual moving planting. The research was conducted in Sidoraharjo Village, Sukamaju
District, North Luwu Regency. The analysis method used is the analysis of farm income and the
analysis of Return Cost Ratio (R/C). The results of the analysis on the comparison of rice
farming income, especially for farmers who use the rice transplanter system is greater when
compared to the manual system. The R/C value of agriculture with Rice Transplanter system is
3.63 while the manual system is 2.82. Both agricultural systems are feasible to implement but
farms with Rice Transplanter systems have higher feasibility value than manual systems

Keywords:

Topic: Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development

340
 [ABS-341]
Retail price fluctuation of curly chili commodity in Makassar City

A Anisa (a*), A N Tenriawaru (a), M Arsyad (a), M Salam (a), S Ramadan (a)

a) Prodi Agribisnis, Departemen Sosial Ekonomi, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar

*ayuanisa12@gmail.com

Abstract

Curly chilies price fluctuations often occur and are used by traders to manipulate price
information at the producer level so that price transmission from the consumer market to
producers tends to be asymmetrical. This indicates that price information has not been distributed
properly. This study aims to describe the level of variation in the price of curly chilies in
Makassar City. The results showed that the highest chili prices in the Terong and Toddopuli
markets occurred in April 2018 with the respective amounts of IDR 25,458.63/kg and IDR
32,759.27/kg while for Pa'baeng-baeng market it reached IDR 32,125.00/kg in November 2016.
While the lowest price occurred in December 2018 at the Terong market (Rp. 10,790.05/kg) and
November at Toddopuli market, namely 12,818.55/kg and in November 2017 at the Pabaeng-
baeng market, namely Rp. 13,392.52 /kg.

Keywords:

Topic: Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development

341
 [ABS-342]
Farmers' perceptions of the role of agricultural extension agents in Taroada Village,
Turikale District, Maros Regency

H Jamil (a*), Tamzil Ibrahim (a), A. Nixia Tenriawaru (a), A Anisa (a), Anang Hidayat HY (a)

a) Prodi Agribisnis, Departemen Sosial Ekonomi, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar

*hattaj@yahoo.com

Abstract

This study discusses farmers' perceptions of the role of agricultural extension officers as
communicators, facilitators, innovators, educators, and motivators in Taroada Village, Turikale
District, Maros Regency. Farmers' perceptions of extension activities determine the intensity of
farmer participation. So it is hoped that the active role of extension agents in building trust in
farmers is expected. This research took place from January to March. The data analysis method
used is descriptive quantitative, where the data obtained from interviews with 138 respondents
from all levels of the farmer class will be scored and explained descriptively to provide an
overview of the role of extension agents for farmers. The results showed that agricultural
instructors in Taroada Village, Turikale District, Maros Regency were sufficiently involved as
communicators, facilitators, innovators, educators, and motivators

Keywords:

Topic: Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development

342
 [ABS-343]
Natural silk agroindustry in Wajo Regency

A.N. Tenriawaru (a*), L. Fudjaja (a), M.H. Jamil (a), R.M. Rukka (a), A Anisa (a)

a) Prodi Agribisnis, Departemen Sosial Ekonomi, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar

*nixia_gany@yahoo.com

Abstract

Indonesia's demand for natural silk is quite high for each year, reaching around 200 tons of raw
silk threads and 250 tons of spun silk threads, but domestic production of raw silk threads has
only reached 110 tons. This shows that Natural Silk has great potential to be developed,
especially in South Sulawesi. This business is generally home industry which is relatively easy to
work with, simple technology, labor-intensive, fast production, and high economic value. The
research was conducted in Wajo Regency in 6 sub-districts of natural silk development. The time
for collecting data and information to be used in this study was planned for March - October
2019. The type of data used is primary data and data (collected through field observations
followed by direct interviews with 25 entrepreneurs using a questionnaire. The data collected is
then analyzed. using the quantitative descriptive analysis to confirm the analysis. Increasing the
production of mulberry plants in Wajo is needed for the long term not only as a food ingredient
for silkworms but also as a biopharma plant or a mixture of cosmetic ingredients. However,
improvements are needed in the quality of cocoon products as well as more advanced
technological inputs and capacity building for farmers and their institutions

Keywords:

Topic: Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development

343
 [ABS-344]
Integration between the benchmarking market and the retail market for curly chili
commodities in Makassar City

A.Nixia Tenriawaru (a*), Muhammad Arsyad (a), Muslim Salam (a), Letty Fudjaja (a), A Anisa
(a)

a) Prodi Agribisnis, Departemen Sosial Ekonomi, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Hasanuddin,

Makassar

*nixia_gany@yahoo.com

Abstract

Market integration is related to marketing agencies which play a role in connecting producers or
traders with consumers. The chili trader as marketing agencies, caused price changes in the
benchmarking market with prices in the retail market because the distribution of goods from the
benchmarking market to the retail market takes marketing costs and profits. It will cause the
price of a commodity in one market to differ from another. This study aims to analyze the
integration between the benchmarking market and the retail market. The data analysis technique
used is the Index of Market Connection (IMC) analysis, the Stationarity Test, and the
Cointegration Test. The results of this study indicate that the integration of the curly chili market
between the Terong Market and the Toddopuli Market has an IMC value of 0.55 which indicates
a high short-term market integration so that Terong Market is the main factor influencing the
price formation in Toddopuli Market. Meanwhile, for Terong and Pabaeng-baeng Market, the
IMC value was 1.11 indicating a low short-term market integration, so that the Terong Market
was not the main factor affecting the price formation in the Pabaeng-baeng Market

Keywords:

Topic: Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development

344
 [ABS-345]
Government's role impacts the entrepreneurial orientation of rice farmers

A Anisa (a*), Nunung Kusnadi (a), Dwi Rachmina (a)

a) Prodi Agribisnis, Departemen Sosial Ekonomi, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar

*ayuanisa12@gmail.com

Abstract

Farmers' entrepreneurial orientation needs to be improved to maximize the agricultural sector.

The government's role is needed in optimizing existing facilities in the agroecosystem to make it
easier for farmers to do farming. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of
agroecosystems on the entrepreneurial orientation of rice farmers. A total of 200 respondents
were taken by purposive sampling. Then analyzed with the PLS-Structured Equation Model. The
results showed that the role of government policy had a significant positive effect on the
entrepreneurial orientation of farmers, where it had a stronger effect on irrigated rice fields.
Mainly government support for the provision of ALSNTN has been proven to improve the
entrepreneurial orientation of farmers, while institutional support for rainfed rice is the thing that
most influences the entrepreneurial orientation of rain-fed rice farmers.

Keywords:

Topic: Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development

345
 [ABS-346]
Dynamics of farmers group in production of barangan’s banana business (Case study in
Lekke Farmer, Tonronge Village, Lappariaja District, Bone Regency)

Heliawaty (a*), P Diansari (a), Z Hamzah (a)

a) Agribusiness Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Makassar

*heliawaty_adriawan@yahoo.com

Abstract

South Sulawesi is one of the provinces with high banana production and one of the most popular
types of banana is “Banana Barangan”. Barangan banana is a leading commodity in Bone
Regency with the production center located in Lappariaja District which is cultivated by the
Lekke Farmer Group. This study aims to determine the dynamics of farmer groups in barangan
banana farming. The research was conducted in Tonronge Village, Lappariaja District, Bone
Regency in June-July 2016. Research respondents were all members of the Lekke Farmers
Group. The study used a qualitative analysis using scoring to determine the level of dynamism of
the farmer groups. The results of the study show that the dynamics of the Lekke Farmer Group is
in the high category, from the six elements or indicators, the group atmosphere gets a high
percentage with an average score of 11.4. It is expected to increase group dynamics in order to
achieve common goals effectively and efficiently

Keywords:

Topic: Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development

346
 [ABS-347]
Social capital and income of cocoa farmers in Peta Village, Sendana District, Palopo City,
South Sulawesi Province

Heliawaty (a*), D Rukmana (a), Y lumoindong (a), A Sulili (a), N Lanuhu (a), I Natsir (a)

a) Agribusiness Study Program, Agriculture Faculty, Hasanuddin University, Makassar

*heliawaty_adriawan@yahoo.com

Abstract

Social capital has been tested by history as an important mechanism in achieving economic
growth and equity in society. In terms of farmers' income, one that can be used as an alternative
in changing the farmer's standard of living is through social capital. There are three elements of
social capital that can be examined in this study, namely the element of trust, the element of
network and the element of reciprocity. Research on the relationship between social capital and
income of cocoa farmers aims to determine how strong the relationship between the three
elements of social capital is to the income of cocoa farmers. This research was conducted from
December 2018 to March 2019 in Peta Village, Sendana District, Palopo City, South Sulawesi
Province. This location was determined by purposive sampling. The results of the study found
that the recapitulation of the elements of social capital, trust, network and reciprocity of cocoa
farmers were in the high category, with the income of cocoa farmers in the high category. For the
relationship between social capital and income of cocoa farmers, the trust element has a
sufficient coefficient value, while the network and reciprocity elements have a weak coefficient
value. The relationship between social capital and income of cocoa farmers for the element of
trust is in the quite significant category, while for the network elements and reciprocity on the
income of cocoa farmers, it is in the weak category.

Keywords:

Topic: Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development

347
 [ABS-348]
Efficiency analysis of using production factors in paddy rice farming in Macope Sub-
District, Awangpone District, Bone Regency

R Bakri (a*), M Salam (a), R Darma (a), Saadah (a), R A Ansar (a)

a) Agribusiness Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Makassar

*idhabakri@yahoo.com

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to analyze efficiency level of the use of production factors on
productivity of lowland rice farming in Macope Village, Awangpone District, Bone Regency.
The analysis technique used is the Cobb Douglass function analysis which is transformed into
multiple linear regression to see the value of the regression coefficient and price efficiency
analysis. The results showed that the variables of land area, seeds, urea, NPK, Tabas, DMA, and
labor simultaneously had a significant effect on lowland rice productivity. The variable of land
area partially has a significant effect on productivity, however, seeds, urea fertilizer, NPK
fertilizer, Tabas pesticide, DMA pesticide, and labor partially do not have a significant effect on
productivity. The use of seed production factors and labor is not efficient, while the land area,
urea, NPK, Tabas, and DMA are not efficient.

Keywords:

Topic: Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development

348
 [ABS-349]
Rice seed breeding business development strategy in North Luwu Regency, South Sulawesi

M Arsyad (a*), D Ali (a), D Rukmana (a), A N Tenriawaru (a), N M Viantika (a), Rahmadanih
(a), A P Summase (a)

a) Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar Agribisnis, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar

*arsyad@unhas.ac.id

Abstract

South Sulawesi is one of the producers and buffers of rice for national food needs. North Luwu
Regency is a rice producing area in South Sulawesi with a total production of 178,243 tons and a
harvest area of 38,940 ha in 2015. The inhibition factor of rice farmers is that the superior seeds
available do not meet the needs of farmers. Of the 6 seed breeding businesses only 4 are still
active. This research aims to produce strategies for seed breeding efforts so as to meet the needs
of quality seeds. In achieving these goals swot analysis is used. The strategies offered from the
results of this research are to increase the quantity of products by optimizing their resources,
providing seeds at an affordable price, increasing the capacity of experts, increasing the
availability of capital, improving the quality of seeds, developing marketing networks, and
improving relationships with the government

Keywords:

Topic: Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development

349
 [ABS-350]
Factors affecting the conversion of cocoa land to rice field: Case study in Batupanga
Village, Luyo District, Polewali Mandar, West Sulawesi

M Arsyad (a*), N Lamuhu (a), M S Saleh (a), L Fudjaja (a), M Yulanri (a)

a) Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar Agribisnis, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar

*arsyad@unhas.ac.id

Abstract

Batupanga Village is one of the largest cocoa contributor areas in Polewali Mandar, West
Sulawesi. But in recent years many cocoa farmers have chosen to turn their cocoa fields into rice
fields. One of the government's free rice field printing programs encourages farmers to join the
program. Changes in livelihoods are closely related to changes in economic aspects. Changes in
economic aspects will also affect the social condition of the community, so that the switch of
agricultural land also has an impact on the socioeconomic aspects of the community, especially
farmers. This research aims to know what factors influence cocoa farmers in transferting their
land from cocoa land to rice fields. Data analysis techniques used are descriptive analysis. The
results of this study are factors that influence farmers in converting cocoa land into rice fields in
Batupanga Village, Luyo District is an economic factor (production, income), ecology (land area,
environmental degradation), technical (water sources, alsintan), and social (number of family
dependents, interaction).

Keywords:

Topic: Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development

350
 [ABS-351]
Relationship between rice farmers household food security and stunting incidence in
Enrekang Regency

S Bulkis (a), I Summase (a), R A Nadja (a), Rahmadanih (a), Nirwan (a)

a) Agribusiness Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Makassar

Abstract

Food is one of the basic human needs. As a basic need, food must be sufficiently available at all
times, safe, of good quality, affordable, of various types and nutritious. However, there are
several health impacts due to this food, one of which is the incidence of stunting. Stunting
describes a long-standing state of malnutrition and takes time for children to develop and
recover. This study aims to analyze the relationship between household food security of rice
farmers and the incidence of stunting and to analyze the factors that affect household food
security of rice farmers and the incidence of stunting in Ongko Village, Maiwa District,
Enrekang Regency. The analysis technique used is the simple Linear Regression and Chi-square
test with the help of the SPSS version 23.0 application. The result of this study is that there is a
significant relationship between food security and stunting variables, education variables (p-
value = 0.033), parenting variables (p-value = 0.042), sanitation variables (p-value = 0.024).

Keywords:

Topic: Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development

351
 [ABS-352]
Income Analysis For Seaweed In Ma’rang District Pangkep Regency

Aziza Noor Sheha (a), Sitti Bulkis (a), Adri Arief (a)

a) Agribusiness Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Makassar

Abstract

South Sulawesi is the province with the largest contributor to national seaweed production with
an increase in production reaching 300 thousand tons per year. Efforts to increase seaweed
production are highly achievable because the area of South Sulawesi is considered to have a
large enough potential for coastal fisheries resources, cultivation and post-harvest technologies
are easy to implement and do not require a large capital. In Ma'rang District, Pangkep Regency,
this seaweed cultivation activity has long been carried out by farmers. However, in fact, seaweed
farming has problems, namely the low price of seaweed received by farmers and the relatively
small production yields. This study aims to analyze the factors that affect the income of seaweed
farming. The approach used in this research is quantitative. Data collection was carried out by
interviewing 85 respondents. Data were analyzed by multiple linear regression analysis. The
results showed that the factors affecting the income of seaweed farming in Ma'rang District,
Pangkep Regency were influenced by the selling price, the amount of production, the
seeds/cycle, and the number of stretches.

Keywords:

Topic: Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development

352
 [ABS-353]
Production function and efficiency estimation of irrigated rice farming in Indonesia

M Salam(a*), A Fadillah (a), N M Viantika (a)

a) Department of Socio-economics of Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University,

Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan KM 10 Makassar 90245, Indonesia.

*muslimsal@yahoo.com

Abstract

The research aim was to analyse the effect of the application of some production inputs on the
rice production and its efficiency on rice farming in the research area. The research was
conducted at Soppeng District, South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia, in 2018. The random
sampling method employed for collecting the primary data of 30 irrigated rice farmers. The
Cobb-Douglas Function Analysis (CDFA) and Allocative Efficiency Analysis (AEA) were
applied for the data analysis. The research results of CDFA showed that the ten production inputs
variables of RICE-farm area, RICE-seeds, UREA-fertilizer, NPK-fertilizer, ZA-fertilizer, DMA-
pesticide, CLIPPER-pesticide, GRAMOPHONE-pesticide, SPONTAN-pesticide and FARM-
labor, as the independent variables in the CDFA research model, simultaneously had significant
effects on its dependent variable of RICE-productivity. Partially analysis, however, only two
independent variables (RICE-seed and SPONTAN-pesticide) had significant effects on the
RICE-productivity and the other eight-independent variables had no significant effect on the
dependent variable. Then, for the AEA model we found that the use of variables of RICE-seeds,
UREA-fertilizer, NPK-fertilizer, CLIPPER-pesticide, GRAMO-PHONE-pesticide, SPONTAN-
pesti-cide were not efficient yet, while the use of RICE-farm area, ZA-fertilizer, DMA-pesticide,
and FARM-labour in the rice farming were inefficient

Keywords:

Topic: Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development

353
 [ABS-354]
Decision analysis of pepper (Piper nisrum L.) farmers in choosing organic farming system

Letty Fudjaja (a), N M Viantika(a*), Indah Aulia (b), Heliawaty (a)

a) Department of Agricultural Socio-economics /Agribusiness,

Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University Indonesia.
b) Student of Department of Agricultural Socio-economics /Agribusiness,
Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University Indonesia.

* m.viantika@gmail.com

Abstract

All Organic farming considered as one of the solutions to the green revolution. Organic farming
business is relatively profitable because the selling price of organic commodities is more
expensive than non-organic. On contrary farmers' interest were still lacking in organic farming.
This study aims are to analyze the influences factors of pepper farmers in decision making on
choosing organic farming systems, so as to analyze the ratio of income levels of organic pepper
farmers compared to non-organic pepper growers. Descriptive analysis, logistic regression
analysis and income comparison analysis was applied. The results showed that age, level of
education and price were some factors that influenced the decision of pepper farmers on choose
an organic farming system. Furthermore, organic pepper farmer incomes is higher than the
income of non-organic pepper farmers by a difference at Rp. 11,884,591.3.

Keywords: Decision Factors,Organic Farming,Pepper

Topic: Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development

354
 [ABS-355]
Effectiveness of management and utilization of agricultural equipment and machinery
assistance (ALSINTAN) by recipient farmer groups in South Sulawesi

D Rukmana (a*), E Indriani (a), L Fudjaja (a), M Fahmid (a), P Diansari (a)

a) Agribusiness Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Makassar

*didi_rukmana@yahoo.co.id

Abstract

Alsintan is an agricultural technology created to help farmers in farming. Alsintan aims to

minimize the costs incurred by farmers such as processing time, harvesting, drying, the amount
of labor, the length of land processing work and an important opportunity is the increase in rice
production. Alsintan assistance is one of the Ministry of Agriculture programs intended for
farmers / gapoktan / upja / farming communities with the aim to overcome labor scarcity and
help accelerate the process of agricultural cultivation. This study aims to analyze the
effectiveness of management and utilization of alsintan assistance in Mappedeceng District,
North Luwu Regency, South Sulawesi. Data analysis techniques used are descriptive analysis to
find out the effectiveness of management and utilization of alsintan assistance by farmers groups
receiving alsintan results showed that the effectiveness of management and utilization of alsintan
assistance is 77.04%. This shows that the management and utilization of alsintan assistance in
Mappedeceng sub-district has not been effective.

Keywords:

Topic: Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development

355
 [ABS-356]
Factors shifting employment in communities in Takalar Regency

D Rukmana (a*), M Fahmid (a), M Salam (a), A N Tenriawaru (a), A Maryama (a)

a) Agribusiness Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Makassar

*didi_rukmana@yahoo.co.id

Abstract

and farmers, are caused by several factors that influence it. These factors are caused by erratic /
low wages in the agricultural sector, a low view of employment in the agricultural sector, and
boredom felt by people who work in the agricultural sector. This study aims to describe the
factors of shift in employment in the community in Bontolebang Village, Galesong Utara
District, Takalar Regency and the results show that during the period studied, from February to
March 2019, there were 2 factors that influenced the shift in labor, namely the driving force for
labor exit from the agricultural sector such as erratic wages, low views on agriculture and
saturation / boredom and labor pull factors choosing to work in the non-agricultural sector such
as open employment opportunities, fixed income and more promising

Keywords:

Topic: Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development

356
 [ABS-357]
Analysis of agriculture based sector in regional development of Gowa Regency

Mahyuddin (a*), M Arsyad (a), R Darma (a), M Fahmid (a), L Fudjaja (a), R M Rukka (a),
Miftahulmawaddah (a)

a) Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar Agribisnis, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar

*mahyuddinr@yahoo.com

Abstract

Agriculture sector as one of the potential economic sectors in contributing to national economic
growth and development, both in terms of income and labor absorption. Analysis of the
determination of the base sector is needed as the basis for the formulation of economic
development policy patterns in Gowa Regency in the future, so that economic development
policies can be directed to move those sectors. This research aims to analyze the agricultural
sector and other sectors that become the basis in the regional economy in Gowa Regency. This
study used secondary data in the form of Gross Regional Domestic Product (GDP) data and gdp
growth rate of Gowa Regency and South Sulawesi Province in 2012-2016 and analyzed using
Location Quotient, Shift Share and Klassen Typology methods. The results concluded that the
Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries Sector is one of the economic sectors that is the base in
Gowa Regency, but is a 'developed but depressed (stagnant sector) sector' due to the slowing
growth rate every year

Keywords:

Topic: Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development

357
 [ABS-358]
The relationship between work environment and work culture with the work capacity of
the employees of the oil palm processing division of PT PN XIV

M S S Ali (a*), Rahmadanih (a), Y Lumoindong (a), L Fudjaja (a), I A M Suryadnyani (a)

a) Agribusiness Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Makassar

*saleh.assofie@gmail.com

Abstract

The work environment and culture play an important role in increasing the work capacity of
employees, the more conducive the work environment and work culture of an organization is, the
more employee work capacity will be. The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship
between work environment and work capacity of employees, and to analyze the relationship
between work culture and work capacity of employees of the palm oil processing division of PT.
PN XIV PKS Luwu. The analysis technique used is the Spearman Rank correlation test with the
help of the SPSS application. The results of this study indicate that the work environment and
work culture have a very weak correlation with work capacity, but the relationship between each
variable and work capacity has a positive value.

Keywords:

Topic: Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development

358
 [ABS-359]
Community income analysis in Lake Tempe Area, Wajo Regency

R Darma (a*), A A T Pada (a), R Bakri (a), D Ali (a), A Amrullah (a)

a) Agribusiness Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Makassar

*rdarma@unhas.ac.id

Abstract

In the Lake Tempe Area every rainy season is flooded. Where in the dry season the waters of
Lake Tempe will experience drought and in the rainy season will experience overflowing water
that causes flooding. Both seasons have an impact on the agricultural conditions of the
community in the Lake Tempe Area. Due to the change of seasons is the dominant factor that
causes local communities to adapt and interact with their environment which will also impact the
income of people in the Lake Tempe Area. This study aims to analyze the income of people in
the Lake Tempe Area Fishermen Farmers in farming activities, fishing and households, in
Mallusesalo Village, Sabbangparu District, Wajo Regency and the results showed that during the
period studied, namely from April to May 2019, the average household income of respondents in
Mallusesalo Village in one year amounted to Rp 29,034,441 household income derived from
agricultural and fishing income.

Keywords:

Topic: Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development

359
 [ABS-360]
Effectiveness of subsidized fertilizer distribution to rice farmer in Lemoe, Bacukiki
District, Parepare, South Sulawesi

R M Rukka (a*), R Darma (a), D Rukmana (a), M Arsyad (a), N P Anriany (a)

a) Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar Agribisnis, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar

*ruslimrukka@unhas.ac.id

Abstract

Subsidized fertilizer is one of the government's efforts to ensure the availability of fertilizer.
However, farmers have difficulty in accessing subsidized fertilizers. This study aims to find out
the effectiveness of subsidized fertilizer distribution in Lemoe Village, Bacukiki District,
Parepare City. The analysis method used is descriptive quantitative by using effectiveness
analysis. The results showed that the distribution process there are 4 lines of fertilizer storage up
to farmers. Subsidized fertilizer distribution is carried out in a closed system based on the
Definitive Plan of Group Needs (RDKK) with the Highest Retail Price (HET) as stipulated in the
Regulation of the Minister of Agriculture on Allocation and HET of Subsidized Fertilizer in the
Agricultural Sector. Overall the distribution of fertilizer felt by farmers runs effectively, with this
it can be known that the subsidized fertilizer distribution program in Lemoe Village, Bacukiki
District, Parepare City has been implemented in accordance with the guidelines for the
implementation of fertilizer subsidies

Keywords:

Topic: Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development

360
 [ABS-361]
Roles extension agents in the dynamics of rice farmer groups in Taroada Village, Turikale
District, Maros Regency

H Jamil (a*), Tamzil Ibrahim (a), A Anisa (a), Anang Hidayat HY (a)

a) Prodi Agribisnis, Departemen Sosial Ekonomi, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar

*hattaj@yahoo.com

Abstract

Agricultural instructors are tasked with assisting farmers in improving their standard of living
through empowerment by developing human resources. One of the programs that must be carried
out in education, skills, and employment-related to increasing the ability of farmer groups
supported by initiatives, concrete actions, and the creative power of farmers and extension
workers as supporters. This study aims to examine the role of extension agents in the dynamics
of rice farmer groups in Taroada Village, Turikale District, Maros Regency. The data used in this
study are primary data and secondary data. This study, using the Rank Spearman data analysis
method. The results of this study conclude that the role of agricultural extension agents on the
dynamics of farmer groups is concluded to have a significant relationship that the better the role
applied by agricultural extension agents, the more dynamic farmer groups are.

Keywords:

Topic: Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development

361
 [ABS-362]
Performance effectiveness of Gapoktan Pottana'e in Tajong Village, Tellu Siattinge
District, Bone Regency

Rahmadanih (a*), E B Demmallino (a), N Lanuhu (a), Saadah (a), M Fahmid (a), Aswar (a)

a) Agribusiness Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Makassar

*rahmadani.sosek@yahoo.com

Abstract

Farmer's organizations play an important role in the development of the agricultural sector in
Indonesia to become a medium for solving agricultural problems. Empowerment of farmers and
small businesses in rural areas by the government almost always uses a group approach. One of
the fundamental weaknesses is the failure of group development because it is not done through a
mature social process. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of Gapoktan organizational
performance based on the achievement of Gapoktan functions. This study used a quantitative
method with the research location of Gapoktan Pottanae, Tajong Village, Tellu Siattinge District,
Bone Regency, South Sulawesi. The results of the study concluded that the level of effectiveness
of the Gapoktan Pottanae performance based on member responses was only 17,20%. It can be
concluded that the implementation of the performance of the Gapoktan Pottanae in Tajong
Village is not effective. This Gapoktan has not been able to meet the needs of members, both for
the needs of agricultural machine tools and member farm capital, the guarantee of quantity,
quality and continuity of results, has not been able to add value to products from member
processing, there is no market guarantee and has not even been able to create independent
farming for member farmers

Keywords:

Topic: Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development

362
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Rice farmers response to the agricultural insurance program in Matakali district, Polewali
Mandar regency

A Amiruddin (a*), E B Demmallino (a), M S S Ali (a), Ikawani (a)

a) Agribusiness Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar

*achmad_amiruddin@unhas.ac.id

Abstract

Agricultural insurance is an agreement between the farmer and the insurance company to bind
himself in the coverage of farm business risks. Agricultural insurance is an alternative to
minimize risks that deserve to be considered, especially to overcome losses due to climate
change. Agricultural insurance deals with farm financing with third parties (private institutions /
companies / government agencies) with a certain amount of premium financing. This study aims
to determine the response of farmers to agricultural insurance in Matakali District, Polewali
Mandar Regency, West Sulawesi Province. This study uses a weighted average calculation with
the Guttman Scale. The results of the study concluded that the cognitive response of farmers was
in the category of agreeing with the tendency of farmers to understand agricultural insurance, the
affective response of farmers was in the category of agreeing with the agricultural insurance
program and was welcomed by farmers, and the conative response of farmers was in the category
of disagreeing with most farmers not actively involved in the agricultural insurance program.

Keywords:

Topic: Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development

363