0s GENERAL COMPREHENSION OBIETIVGs Ao final desta unidade, voc’ devera ser capaz de: a) Obter uma compreensdo geral de textos em lingua inglesa; b) Fazer uso de palavras cognatas, palavras repetidas e informagées nao-verbais, para facilitar a leitura em nivel de compreensao geral. A compreensio de um texto pode ser feita através de trés niveis: compreensio geral, compreensio de idéias principais e compreensio detalhada. A leitura em nivel de compreensao geral é feita rapidamente pelo leitor, com o objetivo de descobrir 0 que 0 texto tem de essencial para satisfazer a sua curiosidade ou necessidade. Nao é necessério, portanto, para descobrir o assunto de um texto que o leitor tenha um grande conhecimento da lingua alvo, mas que use adequadamente 0 conhecimento prévio, esiratégias e habilidades de leitura ¢ dicas tais como: palavras cognatas, palavras repetidas ¢ informagdes nao-verbais. Em suma, € importante que o leitor interaja com o texto, buscando sempre 0 significado global. Observe as seguintes palavras: university, biography, progress, family, qualification, example, technology, economy, mathematics. Voc8 consegue encontrar palavras que tenham formas € significados semelhantes em Portugués? Quais siio elas? a) Palavras Cognatas sio, portanto, palavras de origem latina ou grega, semelhantes as do portugués tanto na grafia quanto no significado. Os textos técnicos (cientiticos ou académicos) € 08 antincios esto repletos de palavras cognatas. Veja como estas palavras 0 ajudam na com- preensio de um texto. T- Leia o texto Ecologists e marque a alternativa correta. ( )a. O texto fala sobre novos projetos de pesquisa na drea de ecologia; ( )b. Aborda-se, no texto, a oferta de vagas para cursos na drea de ecologia; (. )c. O texto refere-se a influéncia da ecologia na sociedade: ( )d, Anunciam-se, no texto, vagas para ecologistas em projetos de pesquisa de trans- formagio de uso do solo e de conservaciio do meio ambiente. Applications are invited for two vacancies in the Land Use Change and Conservation Ecology Programmes of the Environment Sector, based at Silwood Park, Ascot. Post 1: An Agroecologist, with post-doctoral research experience in the plant and invertebrate community ecology of arable systems, is required to lead a team carrying out research for a number of projects on the erivironmental impact of arable farming. Applicants should have experience of teamwork, managing finances and project development. Salary will be in the range £15k ~ £20k pa, depending on qualifications and experience, with merit pay up to £23k. The post is fora 3 year fixed term and is available immediately. Post 2: A Conservation Ecologist, with a relevant first degree, is required to provide technical support for projects on insect conservation. Applicants should have experience of teamwork, ecological fieldwork, and information gathering/management, and some knowledge of UK insects and plants, Salary will be in the range £12k - £17k depending en qualifications and experience. The post is fora 1.5 year fixed term and is available immediately. Further information can be obtained form Caroline Rowley (01344) 872999 or c.rowley@cahi.org. Letters of application including a CV and details of two scientific referees should be sent to Steve Mays, CABI Biosciense UK Centre (Egham), Bakeham Lane, Egham, Surrey, TW20 9TY by 14 May 1999. CAB INTERNATIONAL New Scientist, April 1999IC Em pares, compare a sua resposta com a do colega, Vacé descobria sem dificuldades 0 assunto do texto? b) Palavras Repetidas sio geralmente palavras de contetido, como verbos, substantivos, adjetivos, cognatas ou nao, repetidas varias vezes no texto, por isso, relevantes para a compreen- sdo do iexto. IIT- Formem grupos de trés alunos para a execugdo das etapas abaixo: ) Sublinhem, no texto, as palavras cognatas e circulem as palavras repetidas: b) Discutam a respeito da contribuigaio das para o entendimento do texto; Palavras cognatas e das palavras repetidas ¢) Respondam a pergunta: sobre o que trata o texto R & D Fellowships in Japan? R&D FELLOWSHIPS Two principal characte- tistics of Japan’s present day policy for science and technology are the promotion of basic science and its 05 internationalisation. Asa result, itis becoming easier and more attractive for young European Scientists and engineers to Participate in full to research projects taking place in Japanese laboratories. An European Community 10 programme of Fellowships for young European researchers going to Japan is now in its ninth year. Its aim is to contribute to the training of young specialists in their field and to give them the opportunity of having an inside view into 15. the workings of Japanese R & D. In the long run this will strengthen the “human network” between Europe and Japan and will play an important part in increasing S & T cooperation, In recent years, through the efforts of 20 various Ministries and Agencies, the Japanese government has recognised the importance of developing a global dimension to its R & D activities, In 1988, the Science and Technology 25 Agency (STA) Iaunched an important fellowship programme for foreign scientists, IN JAPAN and in order to promote it and to organize the selection of potential candidates, established contacts with several agencies in industrialized countries, 30 belonging among others to five member. States of the European Community and with the Comnnission of the European Communities itself. The Commission of the European gg Communities is at present inviting applications from candidates wishing to take up long-term research projects in Japan. Candidates should not be over 35 years of age, be nationals of a member State of the European Community and. 40 have completed their doctorate degree in 2 scientific or engineering field, alternatively they must have an equivalent qualification or research experience. Further information on R & D 45 Fellowships in Japan can be obtained from: Commission of the European Communities {(DGXI-B-3), rue de la Loi 200, B-1049 Brussels, Rue de la Loi 200, B-1049 Brussels, Tel. (32)(2)295.39.90 or 295.65.09, Fax: (32(2)296.33,08. New Scientist, March 1994 50 IV-Como voeés conseguiram inferir os significados das palavras repetidas nto cognatas? } ) - « 7 ee ~ = = oq sion = x = — <7 a <= a¢) Informagies nao-verbais sdo recursos visuais empregados nos textos para chamar a atencao do leitor, tais como: + Niimeros— 1984, 8%, R$ 500,00, $ 100, & 10, I st. * Uso de tipo especial - negrito, itdlico etc. * Simbolos -=, $. &,"":% + Letras maitisculas — A, P, M, F, T et. * Divisio em pardigrafos + Titulos, subtitulos * Graficos + Fotografias + Tabelas V- Observe os grificos ¢ relate para a classe as conchusdes As quais vocé chegou. A Glimpse Into the Future 3 A person born in 1890 could expect to live just more than 36 years. Today, the global average is over 65, and by 2025 it is expected to exceed 72. The century has seen dramatic transformations in everything from medical care to literacy rates, and the changes will accelerate in the new millennium. Not all of them are good; the number of slum dwellers, for instance, will jump from 810 million in 1995 to an estimated 2.1 billion in 2025. But many of the things we take for granted-e-mail, nuclear power, VCRs—weren’t even a distant dream 100 years ago. Still, whatever changes we saw in the last century will pale in comparison to the ones we can expect to see in the next, Private life 1995 2025 Households World income Marriage rate : HEADED BY WOMEN | EARNED BY WOMEN per 1,000 people B33 eC 8 00 Divorce rate per 1.000 people of 1 19001995 2025 2200+ 1900 1995 Births per woman 3.17 2.36 Percentage of population by age chokd s 43. 40 ENDER IS @1STOG4 63.ANDOLDER 50% 1995 2025 5.9% 3.1% . Sox ee of cle darest a : in thousands = : Death-to-birth ratio : Newsweek December 27, 1999327 ‘Televisions 6817 Daily newspapers;in thou. 699 1,214 ‘Telephones 27 77 Fx machines 165.7243 Videocassette recorders 16 43 Communication 1905-2025 E-mails sent,inbillions 6 50 Internet users, ia milfions 1880 Languages ‘9,500 8,000 Official state languages 95.150. Mines and disease 995-2025 People per dactor 3,780 2,500 People perdoctor 3,780, 2,500. People per pharmacist 11,154 8,500 Sctpl per pharmacist _ 11,154 8,500 Hospital beds, in mil, 18,2 23 Hospitalbeds,in mil, 18,2 23 Health-care costs, i $2,500 $4,000 * 05 10 in millions ames ides, in thousands 410500 VI- Escolha um dos graficos ¢ escreva.o m 1985 2025 People per computer Education 1995 2025 Percent of adults who 55% B2% Primary-school-educated adults, in billions a 38 weeess to schools, in millions TaN 500 scgintbgng E Public libra inthou 70 Employment 1995 2025 In the labor force, 5 in millions 1900 280) Unemployed, 100 200 in millions Denominations rstisuxrev Atheists. Newsweek December 27, 1999 ximo de informagées que vocé conseguir extrair. VII Descubra entre seus colegas de classe quais deles fizeram escolhe pelo mesnio rife Co que voce. Depois, em grupos, comparem entre si as informagdes extraidas do grdifico corres. pondente. VIIL- Relate para a classe as informacées obtidas em grupo sobre o grafico escolhide, 1X: Em grupos de trés, discutam qual seria o melhor titulo, em portugués, para os grificos, X> Agora, a classe ird escolher os dois melhores titulos. X1- Aplique o seu conhecimento sobre | Births plummet as contraceptives sweep Third a) Qual 0 assunto do texto? leitura em nivel de compreensao geral ao texto0 & a b) Leia o texto novamente e escreva duas informagées obtidas através desta leitura. c) Analise 0 grafico e escreva duas informagées sobre ele. Births plummet as contraceptives sweep Third World Susan Katz Miller, Washington DC GROWING use of modern contracep- tives has helped to reduce the size of families in developing countries from an average of six in the 1960s to four today. A new analysis of data gathered from 300,000 women in 44 developing countries reveals that about a third of married women in the developing world are now using modern family planning methods. ‘The analysis, based on national surveys made between 1985 and 1992, shows that while contraceptives have contributed directly to the decline in the size of families, there are also social factors at work. Women living in towns and cities and educated women tend to have fewer children, so migration from the countryside into towns and improvements in women’s education certainly play a part. However, the authors of — The Reproductive Revolution, the latest of the Johns Hopkins University Population Reports, point out that these social changes are not essential in reducing the size of families. Thailand, for instance, is still a largely rural country, yet it has achieved a dramatic reduction in total fertility of more than 50 per cent, from an average of 4.6 children in 1975 to 2.3 children in 1987. “if millions of poorly-educated rural couples were aot practising contraception, there would not be a reproduction revolution,” says Bryant Robey of Johns Hopkins. New Scientist, March 1993 30 t The world’s shrinking families = 8- Niger § oe Kenya = e Bae ameroon Jordan Gonaladesh z 83° ° @ Zimbabwe ERE wigesa, Botswana / g EES “~ Pakistan . Costa Rica g 32 93 = $e Sudan é Egypte & gS 4. Swaziland 8 India Bs 3 ifippines ~ 8 eo é 5 3- Morocco Jahn hina Z = . ° 2 e * g 2 Indonesia Jamaica Mauritius $ : Thailand < 0 10 2002«30's— ssi“ isi Percentage of couples using contraceptivesXII- Em grupos, discutam sobre suas experiéncias de leitura de textos em inglés ou em Sutra lingua. Elas so distintas ou semelhantes ao que foi aplicado nesta unidade? Como vocés Se sentem agora? Mais confiantes para compreender textos em outra lingua? Vocés estio dispos- tos a adotarem mudangas nos seus habitos de leitura? XITI- Agora, compartilhem com toda a classe o que foi discutido em grupo, XIV- Para aprimorar ainda mais a sua habilidade de desenvolver leitura em nivel de com- Preensio geral, em casa, sem ajuda do dicionério, leia o texto complementar Final battle (p. 183) para descobrir sobre o que trata e dele extrair algumas informagées que setisfagam a sua curiosi- dade ou necessidade,