Step-by-step explanation

Mini Case: Refund

1. Yes. The chairperson took the required steps to meet with Supreme Court’s directives,
but he did not ignore the latter's endemic corruption. He wants to use their funds to
continue their socially beneficial endeavours.
2. Bernard's behaviour of modifying the database of customers was illegal under the law,
but I believe it was morally right given his company's aims. They merely wanted to
preserve the company from being bankrupted by a crooked administration.
3. According to the concept of double impact, negative outcomes might be morally
acceptable if they are merely side consequences of good behaviour, and vice versa.
Ryan and Diane proposed the change since it will assist the company in continuing its
good efforts. Although the behaviours they took were immoral, they were morally
acceptable since they could lead to positive outcomes.
4. Regardless of motive, it is still wrong to deceive a corrupt system for doing the same
since if someone has that thinking, it will produce a domino effect that will lead to
larger kinds of corruption throughout the years because everyone agreed to and did
the exact same thing.
Mini Case: Deep Sea Oil Drilling Disaster
1. What lessons could be learned from this disaster in relation to the investment
markets?
 According to the lessons learned from this disaster, companies and investors must
always keep in mind that accidents can happen at any time, therefore they should
always have a backup plan in place to protect their investments in the event of an
unfortunate event.
2. What ethical considerations and governance standards are not met in this situation?
 The governance standard of accountability and prudence, as well as the ethical
consideration of crisis management, were not satisfied in how the corporation
handled their project before and after the accident.
3. What risks should have been considered by the potential investors in this kind of
investment venture?
 Given the circumstances, investors should be aware that if they engage in this
enterprise, chances of an oil spill and a drop in oil prices are both probable and
unavoidable.
4. Climate change is imminent, what is most likely to pose one of the biggest challenges
to oil companies?
 Apart from climate change, oil corporations may face difficulties if consumers
switch to electric-powered devices and engines. If this were to happen, the oil
sector would be severely harmed.
5. What should investors need to engage with oil companies to ensure that they have
assessed the transformational risks posed by climate change?
 Investors must interact with oil corporations to guarantee that they would have
evaluated the transformational threats caused by climate change through providing
adequate risks and sufficient control measures.