Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Technical review:
Ana Carolina Mendes Camilo
Joyce dos Santos Polezer Pilato
Book cover:
Agência Z3
www.agenciaz3.com.br
Illustrations:
Renato Nascimento
www.ilustrando.com.br
Pictures:
Stockxpert
Stock.xchng
iStockphoto
ISBN 978-85-371-0500-9
22-110331 CDD-420.7
ISBN: 978-85-371-0500-9
3 three
UNIT 5 – ELEMENTARY, MY DEAR DOYLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47
READING ACTIVITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48
IMPORTANT POINT – PAST PERFECT TENSE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50
EXERCISES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51
EXTRA READING AND DISCUSSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53
LISTENING AND COMPREHENSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54
ENGLISH TO ENGLISH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54
VERB FORMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55
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UNIT 9 – POINT OF VIEW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .89
READING ACTIVITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .90
EXERCISES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .92
IMPORTANT POINT 1 – DIFFERENT USES OF GERUND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .92
EXERCISES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .93
IMPORTANT POINT 2 – VERBS FOLLOWED BY GERUNDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .94
EXERCISES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .94
IMPORTANT POINT 3 – COMPOUND NOUN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .95
LISTENING AND COMPREHENSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .96
ENGLISH TO ENGLISH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .96
VERB FORMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .97
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UNIT 13 – RECYCLE AND FEEL BETTER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
READING ACTIVITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
IMPORTANT POINT 1 – CONDITIONAL TENSE 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
EXERCISES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
IMPORTANT POINT 2 – CONDITIONAL TENSE 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
EXERCISES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
LISTENING AND COMPREHENSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
ENGLISH TO ENGLISH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
VERB FORMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
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Special
celebrations UNIT
1
Special
celebrations
7 seven
Reading activity
Introduction
UNIT
1 Special celebrations
Valentine’s Day
Special
celebrations
February 14th
Legend has it that on third century a
priest named Valentine used to perform
marriage ceremonies despite the prohibition
by a roman emperor named Claudius II who
was convinced that single men made better
soldiers for his army.
After being thrown in jail, Valentine established a relationship with his jailor’s
daughter (it is said that he cured her blindness), and he signed his last message to her
“from your Valentine’s”, a phrase which still gets a lot of mileage.
Valentine was executed on February 14th.
Nowadays, Valentine’s Day is celebrated with gifts, candies, chocolate, dinner, a
night out, flowers and jewelry.
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Questions
Holidays
American Holidays is an introductory survey of the historical
and social background of American
people.
People in every culture
celebrate holidays.
Although the
word “holiday”
literally means
“holy day”, most
American holidays are not
religious, but commemorative in nature and
origin. Therefore, the nation is blessed with
rich ethnic heritage. It is possible to trace
some of the American holidays to diverse
cultural roots and traditions, but all
holidays have taken on a distinctively
American flavor. In the United States,
the word “holiday” is synonymous with
celebration.
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Exercises
1. Interview your classmates and find someone who:
UNIT thinks that giving presents and chocolate can be fun.
Important Point 1
Grammar – Modals
Affirmative Negative Short form Explanation
Can Can not Can’t Capacity, ability
Present
Could Could not Couldn’t Capacity, ability
Past
May May not (Mayn’t) Permission, possibility
Present
Might Might not Mightn’t Permission, possibility
Past
Must Must not Mustn’t Obligation
Should Should not Shouldn’t Advice
Ought to Ought not Oughtn’t Advice
Will Will not Won’t Polite questions
Would Would not Wouldn’t Repeating actions in the Past
Shall Shall not Shan’t Questions to make suggestions
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Exercises
1. Use the correct modal to express the ideas of the
sentences below. UNIT
should • ought to • may • might
1
a. It have rained. The street is wet. Special
celebrations
©iStockphoto.com/alptraum
b. You stop eating fast food.
It is not a healthy habit.
d. I go out tonight.
I finished all my duties at home.
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Important Point 2
be able to = can be going to
UNIT
1
be allowed = permission be likely to
be about to be obliged to
Special
celebrations be bound to be supposed to
Exercises
1. Listen and complete the sentences.
b. People throw
garbage on the ground. It causes harm
to the environment.
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Semi-Modals
UNIT
1
Affirmative Negative Short form Explanation
Special
Dare (to) Dare not Daren’t (to) Supposition, celebrations
(to) challange
©iStockphoto.com/alvarez
This man can swim. He should go to the dentist.
Oral Activity
©iStockphoto.com/tedestudio
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Listening and
Comprehension
UNIT
1
Write down what you listen
1.
2.
Special
celebrations 3.
4.
5.
English to English
Army
Bishop
Blindness
Emperor
Fide
Heritage
Legend
Marriage
Mileage
Patron
Priest
Scholarship
Sermon
Shamrock
Stem
fourteen 14
Verb Forms
To lack
To perform
UNIT
1
To surround
To throw
Special
celebrations
Notes
15 fifteen
Notes
UNIT
1
Special
celebrations
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