THE BASIC COMPONENTS

OF REFRIGERATION CYCLES
Name No matrix
FARISHA NAJWA BINTI TAJUROZIKIN B092110128
FATIN FARAHANAH BINTI JAMALUDDIN B092110339
MUHAMMAD SHAHRUL RIZAL BIN SARIPUZAN B092110231
MUHAMMAD NUR HAKIM BIN HARUN B092110545
 1) COMPRESSOR
Functions:
• Compression is the first step in the refrigeration cycle.
• Increases the pressure of the working gas.
• Refrigerant enters the compressor as low-pressure, low-temperature gas, and
leaves the compressor as a high-pressure, high-temperature gas.

Working Principles:
• The compressor compresses the refrigerant to a high-pressure vapor, causing
it to become superheated.
• Once the refrigerant is compressed and heated, it leaves the compressor
and enters the next stage of the cycle.
Subcomponents:
• Filter - keeps compressed air system running clean.
• Hoses - The right size of hoses in compressor is a must to avoid leaking during
refrigerant process.
• Air Dryers -  Keeps that moisture out of the vital parts of the compressed air
system
• Regulators - Adjust pressure to match the requirements of process in
refrigeration's cycles.
 Reciprocating compressor

Scroll compressor Types of Rotary compressor

Compressor
 2) CONDENSER
Functions:
• The condenser, or condenser coil, is one of two types of heat exchangers used in a
basic refrigeration loop.
• This component is supplied with high-temperature and pressure, vaporized
refrigerant coming off the compressor.

Working Principles:
•  The refrigerant enters a condenser and flows through a series of S-shaped tubes.
• As the hot vapor flows through the condenser, cool air is blown across the tubes by
a fan.
• Air being blown across the tubes is cooler than the refrigerant, heat transfers from
the tubing to the cooler air.
• This heat transfer causes the hot vapor refrigerant to reach its saturated temperature,
which then changes its state to a high-pressure liquid.
• Once the refrigerant is in a high-pressure liquid state, it is ready to leave the
condenser and move on to the metering and expansion stage of the cycle.
Subcomponents:
• Coil - Made of copper or aluminum and it’s better to be of aluminum so heat
can be better and faster transferred.
• Fan - Circulate and flow the air across the coils. This causes the heat transfer
and the cooling process better and faster.
• Compressor – Increasing the pressure.
• Cabin – Housing for all parts.
 Evaporation condenser

Air cooled condenser Water cooled condenser

Type of
Condenser
 3) EXPANSION VALVE
Functions :
Ø The expansion valve controls how much refrigerant flows between the condenser
and the evaporator.
Ø The valve responds to the suction line superheat, which is entering the compressor.
It will vary the amount of refrigerant flowing into the evaporator to suit the change
in cooling load.

Working Principle :
Ø The low-pressure, low-temperature evaporated refrigerant is then taken to the compressor,
in which the gas pressure and temperature rise to high levels, and it turns into a super-
heated vapor.
Ø In order to complete the cycle, the liquid-vapor mixture would be sprayed into the
evaporator to absorb the heat from the environment during passing through the
evaporator coils into which the environment air is blown by a fan.
Ø The rest of the liquid would evaporate during this phase in a quasi-isothermal process,
leaving the evaporator as a superheated vapor.
 Subcomponents :
Ø Stepper motor : stepper motor expansion valves regulate the flow of refrigerant liquid into
evaporators, by modulating the opening and closure of the shutter into a calibrated orifice,
allowing a wide range of power variation.

Ø Permenant magnet : The adjustment of downwards or upwards motion of the needle is handled by
the rotation of the permanent magnet due to the polarity of the magnetic field in the coil.

Ø Shaft : The shaft would also rotate accordingly. Based on the direction of shaft rotation, the
threaded assembly would pushe down or pulls up the needle.
 TYPES OF EXPANSION
VALVE

Thermal Expansion Valves Manual Valves Electronic Expansion

(TEVs) Valves
 4) EVAPORATOR
Function:
• To remove heat from air, water or other substance.
• works with a condenser coil to complete the heat exchange process that produces
cool air.
• It acts as a heat exchanger that transfers heat from the substance being cooled to
a boiling temperature.
Working Principles:
• The evaporator works the opposite of the condenser, here refrigerant liquid is converted to
gas, absorbing heat from the air in the compartment.
• When the liquid refrigerant reaches the evaporator its pressure has been reduced,
dissipating its heat content and making it much cooler than the fan air flowing around it.
Subcomponent:
• Fins – dissipate the heat from the evaporator coils.
• Evaporator Coil -  is the component in an air conditioner or heat pump that is
responsible for the cooling.
Flooded Type
Finned Evaporator
Evaporator

Types of Evaporator

Dry Expansion Evaporating Pan

Evaporator
 5) REFRIGERANT
• Functions :
- It readily absorbs heat from the environment
- Provide refrigeration or air conditioning when combined with other components such
as compressors and evaporators.
• Working Principles :
- Refrigerators work by causing the refrigerant circulating inside them to change from
a liquid into a gas. This process, called evaporation, cools the surrounding area and
produces the desired effect. You can test this process for yourself by taking some
alcohol and putting a drop or two on your skin.
• Subcomponents :
- Refrigerant has no subcomponents causes it is a material or substances that being
stored in a container
 Carbon
Dioxide, R-
Hydrofluor
744 Ammonia,
ocarbons
R-717
(HFCs)

Hydrochlor
ofluorocar Water, R-
bons 718
(HCFCs)
TYPES OF
Chlorofluor REFRIGERANT Hydrocarbons
ocarbons
(CFCs)

Alternative Refrigerant : Example of Refrigerant’s Appearance :