P E

C
Good Management Practices

B C
&
y
Quality Control
e m
ad
Ac
C A
B
 Setting Quality Standards for Workmanship

P E
95% of Private residential & Commercial building projects adopt CONQUAS

C
Industry Ave CONQUAS Score ( FY 2003 to 2019)

B C y 89.2

m
90 88.5 88.7 88.9 88.9
88.2

e
88 87.5

d
86.1
86 85.7

a
83.4

c
84
81.4 82.0
80.6 81.1

A
82 80.6
79.9

A
80

C
78
77.3

B
76
2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017 2019
 E
Quality Issues and Recommendations for Structural Works

C P
C y
Defect Trends in Structural Works : Formwork

B m
Formwork - Defect Distribution For All Project Catogories (2016 - 2020)

e
ad
c
23.9%

A 2.1%

74.0%
C A
B
Formwork Dimension
Alignment, Plumb & Level
Formwork Condition

3 3
Defect Trends in structural works : Formwork

P E
C C y
B e m
ad
Ac
C A
Formwork split
B Damaged Formwork
4
4
 E
Defect Trends in Structural Works : Rebar

C P
C y
Rebar - Defect Distribution For All Project Categories (2016 - 2020)

B 5.5%

e m
d
24.7%

c a
A
9.6% Anchorage / Lapping
53.4%

A
Cover
6.8%

C
Links / Stirrups / Trimming Bars

B
No / Size / Spacing
Rebar Condition

5
 Defect Trends in structural works : Rebar

P E
C C y
B e m
ad
Ac
C A
Rusty rebars
B Cement stained rebars Bar Chair not properly
secured and flattened

6
 E
Defect Trends in Structural Works : Finished Concrete

C P
C y
Formwork - Defect Distribution For All Project Categories (2016 - 2020)

B e m
d
8.6%

a
21.0%

Ac Dimension / Openings
Alignment, Plumb & Level

A
70.4%
Exposed Surface

B C
7
 Defect Trends in structural works : Finish Concrete

E
• Poor quality of concrete surface

C P
B C y
e m
ad
Ac
C A
Honeycomb B Exposure of aggregates Metal strip not removed

8
 Conventional Formwork System

P E
C
• Not easy to achieve the required quality on structural works

B C y
e m
ad
Ac
C A
9 B
9
Conventional Formwork System

P E
• Poor quality of concrete surface

C C y
B e m
ad
Ac
C A
B
10
 Conventional Formwork System

P E
C C y
B e m
ad
Ac
C A
B
More clutter and wastages in cast in-situ method Cast in-situ with scaffolding

11
Productive Method: System formwork

P E
C C y
B e m
ad
Ac
C A
B
12
 Productive Method: System formwork

P E
C C y
B e m
ad
Ac
C A
• Only Skim coat B
All external walls are RC:

• Better water tightness

13
 P E
C C y
B e m
ad
Ac
C A
B
A Typical Unit • Easier for architectural works

• Easier to do layouts • Better control on workmanship

• Not too many turnings

14
 P E
C C y
B e m
ad
Ac
C A
B
Pre-cast Prefab Bathroom
• Less clutter compared to cast in situ

• Improve productivity

15
 E
Prefabricated Bathroom Unit (PBU)
Good Industry Practices Guide
C P
B C y
e m
ad
Launched e-copy in October 2014

Ac
C A
B
http://www.bca.gov.sg/Publications/EnhancementSeries/enh
ancement_series.html

16
 P E
C C y
B e m
ad
Ac
C A
B
Precast and window joint:
Easy to address

Brickwork opening
17
 P E
C C y
Precast facade:

B e m
• External scaffolding

ad • Plastering & Skim

Ac • Quick Installation

C A
B
18
 E
Quality Issues in Conventional Methods & Materials

C P
Typical Consequences in External Finishes

B C
• Joint treatment for RC/Brickwork

y
• Plaster cracks & Hollowness

e m
• Scaffolding

ad
c
Brick & RC Joints Thick plaster Scaffolding

A
C A
Water seepage
B Plaster cracks Tie-back holes

19
 P E
C C y
B e m
d
Quality issues and recommendations for

c a
architectural works

A
C A
B
Defect Trends in Architectural Works : Floor

P E
C C
Floor - Defect Distribution For All Project Categories (2016 - 2020)

y
B e m
d
4.9% 0.9%
10.6%

c a 10.1% Alignment & Evenness

A
Crack & Damages

A
Finishing
73.5%

C
Hollowness

B
Jointing

21
 Non compliance on joints

P E
C C y
B e m
ad
Ac
Over Pointing
C A
Uneven Pointing Inconsistent width

B
22
 Non compliance of Joints on timber floor

P E
C C y
B e m
d
Skirting Joint Wide Gap

c a
A
C A
B
Skirting/Floor
Joint

23
 P E
How to overcome non compliances on joints?

For Marble

C C y
B m
• Dimension control

e
• Use appropriate spacer

d
• Use epoxy based grouting (where suitable)

c a
For Tiling
A
C A
• Segregate tiles

B
• Use appropriate spacer
• Protect floor tile
• Use Rectified (First Grade) Tiles

24
 P E
Segregation of tiles based on production batch

C C
Typical information on tiles packing

y
B e m
ad
Ac
C A
B
25
Compressed Marble Flooring

P E
C C y
B e m
ad
Ac
C A
B
Compressed marble with epoxy joints
Long timber skirting = Lesser Joints

26
 P E
C
How to address the non conformance on joints on timber floor?

B C y
• Material Condition

e m
d
- Dimension stability

a
- Properly seasoned

• During installation

Ac
A
- Plywood base and concealed nail to ensure tight

C
joint

B
27
 P E
C
Use of plywood base and concealed nails End result: Tight joint

B C y
e m
ad
Ac
C A
B
28
 E
Defect Trends in Architectural Works : Wall (Plaster & Tiling)

C P
C y
Wall - Defect Distribution For All Project Categories (2016 - 2020)

B 8.1%
2.8%

e m
d
40.3%

a
Alignment & Evenness

c
Crack & Damages

A
44.8% Finishing

A
Hollowness

C
Jointing

B
4.0%

29
 E
Plastered wall

C P
B C y
e m
ad
Ac
C A
B Patchiness in the wall

30
 P E
C
Measures to improve wall finishes

B C y
m
• Clear all repairs

• Appropriate roller

d e
c
• Consistency in application
a
A
• Interval between different coats

C A
B
31
 Control points in wall finishes

P E
C C y
B e m
ad
Ac
C A
B
Ensure surface evenness Consistency in application

32
 E
Control points in wall finishes

C P
B C y
e m
ad
Ac
C A
B Use light to check plaster wall

33
 P E
C C y
B e m
ad
Ac
C A
B
Preparation works - before Painting

34
 P E
C C y
B e m
ad
Ac
C A
B
Spray painting to achieve better consistency

35
 To improve wall jointing in plaster work

P E
C C
Visually straight

y
B m
at corners

d e
c a
A
C A
B
Use of inner bead

36
 Floor & Wall Tile Joints

P E
C C y
B e m
ad
Ac
C A
B
Use of appropriate spacer

37
 E
Defect Trends in Architectural Works : Ceiling

C P
C y
Ceiling - Defect Distribution For All Project Categories (2016 - 2020)

B 6.3%
0.9%

e m
46.6%
ad Alignment & Evenness

c
Crack & Damages

A
45.9% Finishing

A
Roughness

C
Jointing

B0.3%

38
 E
To Improve ceiling finishes

C P
B C y
e m
ad
Ac
C A
B
Better Surface Evenness Better Painting Consistency

39
 Ceiling Jointing Defect

P E
C C y
B e m
ad
Ac
C A
B
Poor joint at Ceiling and Wall

40
Improve jointing for ceiling and wall joint

P E
C C
Provide inner bead

y
B e m
ad
Ac
C A
B 4
1

41
 P E
C C y
B e m
ad
Ac
C A
B
Provision of closer level pegs near soffit

42
 P E
C C y
B e m
ad
Ac
C A
B
Ensure straight corners before painting

43
 E
Defect Trends in Architectural Works : Door

C P
C
Door - Defect Distribution For All Project Categories (2016 - 2020)

B m y
e
10.5%

d
44.5%

a
Alignment & Evenness

c
Material & Damages

A
42.5% Accessories Defects

A
Functionality

C
Jointins & Gaps

0.4%
B
2.1%

44
 Material Damages

P E
C C y
B e m
ad
Ac
C A
B
Mainly occur during installation & lack of protection

45
Common problems on doors

P E
C C nail hole

y
B e m
ad
Chip
Ac
A
dents

B C
46
 Protection To Minimize Door Material Damage

At Factory

P E
C C
During delivery at site

y
B
After installation

e m
ad
Ac
C A
B
47
 E
Defect Trends in Architectural Works : Window

C P
C y
Window - Defect Distribution For All Project Categories (2016 - 2020)

B m
2.0%

d e
a
35.3% Alignment & Evenness

c
Material & Damages

A
60.6% Accessories Defects

A
Functionality

C
Jointins & Gaps

B
1.6%
0.5%

48
 Common non compliance of Window joints

P E
C C y
B e m
ad
Ac
C A
Uneven miter Joint
B Poor tiling & window frame joint

49
 Common non compliance of Window joints

P E
C C y
B e m
ad
Ac
Miter Joint

C A
B
Manage at factory

Manage at site
Silicone Joint

50
 P E
Some examples of component

C C y
B m
Wardrobe

e
Kitchen cabinet

ad
Vanity cabinet

c
Shower screen

A
W.C

A
Basin

C
Balcony railings

B Others

51
 E
Defect Trends in Architectural Works : Component

C P
Component - Defect Distribution For All Project Catogories (2016 - 2020)

B C y
23.4%
e m
d
Alignment & Evenness

a
51.6%

c
Material & Damages

A
22.5% Accessories Defects
Functionality

A
Jointins & Gaps

B C
1.2% 1.3%

52
 E
Defect Trends in Architectural Works : Component

C P
B C y
e m
ad
Ac
C A
B Material & Damages

53
 General non-compliance area

P E
Poor joint

C C y
B e m
ad
Ac
C A
B
ceiling and component
- wall and component
Poor joint between the component & wall

54
 E
Wall and door joint

P
C C y
B e m
ad
Ac
C A
B
Example of good Workmanship

55
 E
An alternate to silicone joints for component

C P
B C y
Use of PVC strip to

m
achieve consistent joint

e
between component and

d
tiling

c a
A
C A
B
56
 P E
C C y
B e
Quality issues and
m
d
recommendations for M&E works
a
Ac
C A
B
 E
Aesthetic Design Consideration

P
C C y
B e m
ad
Ac
C A
B
 Anyone thought about

E
maintenance?!

C P
B C y
e m
ad
Ac
C A
B
Aligned with tile joints does not necessarily solve functional issue
 P E
C C y
B e m
ad
Ac
A
Typical sleeve method

C
Dimension flexibility?

B
 P E
C C y
B e m
ad
Ac
A
Enlarged sleeve method

BC • Adjustment flexibility
• Minimize half moon situation
 Excess protrusion of pipe

P E
C C y
B e m
ad
Ac
C A
Concealed pipes on top of finished concrete

B
= lesser cover for the pipe
= lesser screed bonding
= lesser tile bonding
 P E
C C y
B e m
ad
Ac
C A After application of membrane

B
 Alternative Method

P E
C C y
B e m
ad
Ac
C A
B
Cast-in pipe and sleeve More care during the casting
 Missed Out Provision of Air-con Drain Pipe

P E
C C y
B e m
ad
Ac
C A
B
Conventional remedial action: hack recess on the slab to conceal the pipe
Air-con drain pipe connecting to toilet floor trap

P E
C C y
B
Insufficient Drop at

m
door area

d e
c a
A
C A
B
Root cause for insufficient drop at toilet entrance area
 P E
C C y
B e m
ad
Ac
C A
Drain Pipe through ceiling Connect to shaft

B
 E
How to enhance Quality

C P
C y
Alter Process

B e m
d
Continual Specialists /
Improvement Trade Experts
Enhance
Quality
c a
A
A
Corrective /

C
Monitor Preventive
Action

B
 P E
C C
Other Challenges in
y
B
achieving Construction
e m
Quality
ad
Ac
C A
B
 We would

E
like to have We can

P
a adopt it but

C
Webetter
can the design
adoptquality
it, but not

C
We can adopt

y
the
product specified
if the buyer

B m
developer willing to pay

e
did not higher

d
ask for it

Architect

c a
A
A
Contractor

C
End User

B
Developer
 P E
C C y
B e m
ad
c
• The Green and Gracious Builder Scheme (GGBS) was introduced in 2009 to

A
raise the environmental consciousness and professionalism of builders.

A
• It is also a benchmark of a builder’s corporate social responsibility to the

C
environment and public during the construction of projects.

B
 P E
C
Changes for V 2.1:
C y
B e m
• 3 dedicated points for prefabrication technology and/or

d
productive construction methods

c a
• 1 point to recognise inclusion of GGBS and/or GGBS

A
(SMC) as a consideration during selection of contractors

C A
B
 P E
C C y
B e m
ad
Ac
C A
B
 P E
C C y
B e m
ad
Ac
A
Please refer to the latest guidelines on:

C
http://www.bca.gov.sg/Awards/GGBA/builders_award.html

B
 E
Quality Housing Portal (QHP)

C P
B C y
e m
ad
Ac
C A
B Check for latest updates at webpage:
Scan QR code
https://www.bca.gov.sg/Professionals/iQuasScoreChart/
 P E
C C y
B
Thank you em
ad
Ac
@BCASingapore

C A
B