Atoms and Nuclei

1. The total energy of an electron in an atom in an orbit is Its kinetic and potential energies
are, respectively

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d) (NEET2019)

2. 2. particle consists of
(a) 2 protons only
(b) 2 protons and 2 neutrons only
(c) 2 electrons, 2 protons and 2 neutrons
(d) 2 electrons and 4 protons only(NEET 2019)
3. The radius of the first permitted Bohr orbit for the electron, in a hydrogen atom equals 0.51 and
its ground state energy equals V If the electron in the hydrogen atom is replaced by muon (

[charge same as electron and mass ], the first Bohr radius and ground state energy will
be

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d) (Odisha NEET 2019)

4. The rate of radioactive disintegration at an instant for a radioactive sample of half life

is . The number of radioactive atoms in the sample at that instant is,

(a)

(b)

(c)
 (d) (Odisha NEET 2019)

5. For a radioactive material, half‐life is 10 minutes. If initially there are 600 number of nuclei,
the time taken (in minutes) for the disintegration of 450 nuclei is
(a) 20
(b) 10
(c) 30
(d) 15 (NEET 2018)
6. The ratio of kinetic energy to the total energy of an electron in a Bohr orbit of the hydrogen atom, is
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d) (NEET 2018)
7. Radioactive material‘ ’ has decay constant ‘8 ’ and material‘ ’ has decay constant‘
Initially they have same number of nuclei. After what time, the ratio of number of nuclei of

material‘ ’ to that‘ ’ will be ?

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d) (NEET 2017)

8. The ratio of wavelengths of the last line of Balmer series and the last line of Lyman series is
(a) 1
(b) 4
(c) 0.5
(d) 2 (NEET 2017)

9. If an electron in a hydrogen atom jumps from the orbit to the orbit, it emits a photon of

wavelength . When it jumps from the orbit to the orbit, the corresponding wavelength of

the photon will be

(a)

(b)
 (c)

(d) (NEET‐II 2016)

10. The half‐life of a radioactive substance is 30 minutes. The time (in minutes) taken between 40%
decay and 85% decay of the same radioactive substance is
(a) 15
(b) 30
(c) 45
(d) 60 (NEET‐II 2016)

11. Given the value of Rydberg constant is , the wave number of the last line of the Balmer

series in hydrogen spectrum will be

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d) (NEET‐I 2016)

12. When an ‐particle of mass moving with velocity bombards on a heavy nucleus of charge
, its distance of closest approach from the nucleus depends on as

(a)
(b)

(c)

(d) (NEET‐I 2016)

13. A nucleus of uranium decays at rest into nuclei of thorium and helium. Then
(a) The helium nucleus has more momentum than the thorium nucleus.
(b) The helium nucleus has less kinetic energy than the thorium nucleus.
(c) The helium nucleus has more kinetic energy than the thorium nucleus.
(d) The helium nucleus has less momentum than the thorium nucleus. (2015)

14. Consider orbit of (Helium), using non‐relativistic approach, the speed of electron in this

orbit will be [given constant, and (Planck’s Constant) ]

 (a)

(b)

(c)

(d) (2015 Cancelled)

15. Hydrogen atom in ground state is excited by a monochromatic radiation of . Number of

spectral lines in the resulting spectrum emitted will be

(a) 3
(b) 2
(c) 6
(d) 10 (2014)

16. The binding energy per nucleon of and nuclei are 5.60 and 7.06

respectively In the nuclear reaction the value of energy released is

(a)
(b)
(c)
(d) (2014)

17. A radioisotope with a halflife years decays to which is stable. A sample of the rock

from a cave was found to contain and in the ratio 1 : 7. The age of the rock is

(a) years

(b) years

(c) years

(d) years (2014)

18. Ratio of longest wave lengths corresponding to Lyman and Balmer series in hydrogen spectrum is

(a)

(b)
 (c)

(d) (NEBT 2013)

19. A certain mass of Hydrogen is changed to Helium by the process of fusion. The mass defect in

fusion reaction is 0.02866 . The energy liberated per is given 1

(a) 6.675
(b) 13.35
(c) 2.67
(d) 26.7 (NEET 2013)
20. The half life of a radioactive isotope ‘X’ is 20 years. It decays to another element ‘ which is
stable. The two elements ‘X’ and ‘ were found to be in the ratio 1 : 7 in a sample of a given rock.
The age of the rock is estimated to be
(a) 80 years
(b) 100 years
(c) 40 years
(d) 60 years(NEET 2013)
21. How does the Binding Energy per nucleon vary with the increase in the number of nucleons?.
(a) Decrease continuously with mass number.
(b) First decreases and then increases with increase in mass number.
(c) First increases and then decreases with increase in mass number.
(d) Increases continuously with mass number. (Karnataka NEET 2013)

22. An electron in hydrogen atom makes a transition where and are principal quantum
numbers of the two states. Assuming Bohr’s model to be valid, the time period of the electron in the

initial state is eight times that in the final state. The possible values of and are

(a) and

(b) and

(c) and

(d) and (Karnataka NEET 2013)

23. ‐particles, ‐particles and ‐rays are all having same energy. Their penetrating power in

a given medium in increasing order will be

 (a)

(b)

(c)

(d) (Karnataka NEET 2013)

24. Electron in hydrogen atom first jumps from third excited state to second excited state and then from

second excited to the first excited state. The ratio of the wavelengths : emitted in the two
cases is

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d) (2012)

25. If the nuclear radius of is 3.6 fermi, the approximate nuclear radius of in fermi is

(a) 2.4
(b) 1.2
(c) 4.8
(d) 3.6 (2012)

26. A mixture consists of two radioactive materials and with half lives of 20 and 10

respectively. Initially the mixture has 40 of and 160 of . The amount of the two in the
mixture will become equal after
(a) 60
(b) 80
(c) 20
(d) 40 (2012)
27. An electron of a stationary hydrogen atom passes from the fifth energy level to the ground level.
The velocity that the atom acquired as a result of photon emission will be

(a)
 (b)

(c)

(d) (2012) ( is the mass of the electron, , Rydberg constant and Planck’s constant)
28. The transition from the state to in a hydrogen like atom results in ultraviolet radiation.
Infrared radiation will be obtained in the transition from
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d) (Mains 2012)

29. The half life of a radioactive nucleus is 50 days. The time interval between the time

when of it has decayed and the time when of it had decayed is

(a) 30 days
(b) 50 days
(c) 60 days
(d) 15 days(Mains 2012)
30. The wavelength of the first line of Lyman series for hydrogen atom is equal to that of the second
line of Balmer series for a hydrogen like ion. The atomic number of hydrogen like ion is
(a) 3
(b) 4
(c) 1
(d) 2 (2011)
31. The half life of a radioactive isotope is 50 years. It decays to another element which is stable.
The two elements and were found to be in the ratio of 1 : 15 in a sample of a given rock. The
age of the rock was estimated to be
(a) 150 years
(b) 200 years
(c) 250 years
(d) 100 years(2011)

32. The power obtained in a reactor using disintegration is 1000 The mass decay of per

hour is
(a) 10 microgram
(b) 20 microgram
(c) 40 microgram
 (d) 1 microgram (2011)
33. A radioactive nucleus of mass emits a photon of frequency and the nucleus recoils. The recoil
energy will be

(a)

(b)

(c) zero
(d) (2011)

34. A nucleus emits one particle and two particles. The resulting nucleus is

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d) (2011)
35. Fusion reaction takes place at high temperature because
(a) nuclei break up at high temperature
(b) atoms get ionised at high temperature
(c) kinetic energy is high enough to overcome the coulomb repulsion between nuclei
(d) molecules break up at high temperature (2011)
36. An electron in the hydrogen atom jumps from excited state to the ground state. The wavelength
so emitted illuminates a photosensitive material having work function 2.75 . If the stopping
potential of the photoelectron is 10 V, then the value of is
(a) 2
(b) 3
(c) 4
(d) 5 (Mains 2011)

37. Two radioactive nuclei and , in a given sample decay into a stable nucleus . At time ,

number of species are 4 and that of are Half‐life of (for conversion to ) is 1

minute where as that of is 2 minutes. Initially there are no nuclei of present in the sample.

When number of nuclei of and are equal the number of nuclei of present in the sample
 would be

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d) (Mains 2011)

38. Out of the following which one is not a possible energy for a photon to be emitted by hydrogen
atom according to Bohr’s atomic model?.
(a) 0.65
(b) 1.9
(c) 11.1
(d) 13.6 (Mains 2011)

39. The mass of a nucleus is 0.042 less than the sum of the masses of all its nucleons. The

binding energy per nucleon of nucleus is nearly

(a) 46
(b) 5.6
(c) 3.9
(d) 23 (2010)

40. The activity of a radioactive sample is measured as counts per minute at and counts

per minute at minutes. The time (in minutes) at which the activity reduces to half its value is

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d) (2010)

41. The energy of a hydrogen atom in the ground state is The energy of a ion in the first

excited state will be

(a)
 (b)
(c)
(d) (2010)

42. An alpha nucleus of energy bombards a heavy nuclear target of charge . Then the distance
of closest approach for the alpha nucleus will be proportional to

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d) (2010)

43. The decay constant of a radio isotope is If and are its activities at times and

respectively, the number of nuclei which have decayed during the time

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d) (Mains 2010)

44. the binding energy per nucleon in deuterium and helium nuclei are 1.1 and 7.0 ,
respectively. When two deuterium nuclei fuse to form a helium nucleus the energy released in
the fusion is
(a) 23.6
(b) 2.2
(c) 28.0
(d) 30.2 (Mains 2010)

45. In the nuclear decay given below ’the particles emitted in the
sequence are

(a)
 (b)

(c)

(d) (2009, 1993)

46. The number of beta particles emitted by a radioactive substance is twice the number of alpha
particles emitted by it. The resulting daughter is an
(a) isomer of parent
(b) isotone of parent
(c) isotope of parent
(d) isobar of parent (2009)

47. In a Rutherford scattering experiment when a projectile of charge and mass approaches a

target nucleus of charge and mass , the distance of closest approach is . The energy of the
projectile is

(a) directly proportional to

(b) inversely proportional to

(c) directly proportional to mass

(d) directly proportional to (2009)

48. The ionization energy of the electron in the hydrogen atom in its ground state is 13.6 The atoms
are excited to higher energy levels to emit radiations of 6 wavelengths. Maximum wavelength of
emitted radiation corresponds to the transition between
(a) to states
(b) to states
(c) to states
(d) to states (2009)

49. If and denote the masses of the nucleus , proton and neutron respectively in

units of and represents its binding energy in , then

(a)
 (b)

(c)

(d) (2008, 2004)

50. Two nuclei have their mass numbers in the ratio of 1 : 3. The ratio of their nuclear densities would
be

(a)
(b)
(c)
(d) (2008)
51. The ground state energy of hydrogen atom is‐13.6 . When its electron is in the first excited state,
its excitation energy is
(a) 10.2
(b)
(c) 3.4
(d) 6.8 (2008)

52. Two radioactive materials and have decay constants and respectively If initially they

have the same number of nuclei, then the ratio of the number of nuclei of to that will be
after a time
(a)
(b)
(c)

(d) (2(2008)
53. Two radioactive substances and have decay constants and respectively. At they

have the same number of nuclei. The ratio of number of nuclei to those of will be
after a time interval
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d) . (2007)

54. In a radioactive decay process, the negatively charged emitted ‐particles are
 (a) the electrons produced as a result of the decay of neutrons inside the nucleus
(b) the electrons produced as a result of collisions between atoms
(c) the electrons orbiting around the nucleus
(d) the electrons present inside the nucleus. (2007)
55. In a mass spectrometer used for measuring the masses of ions, the ions are initially accelerated by
an electric potential and then made to describe semicircular paths of radius using a magnetic

field . If and are kept constant, the ratio will be proportional to

(a)

(b)
(c)
(d) . (2007)

56. A nucleus has mass represented by . If and denote the mass of proton and

neutron respectively and B.E. the binding energy in , then

(a) B.E.

(b) B.E.

(c) B.E.

(d) B.E. (2007)

57. If the nucleus has a nuclear radius of about 3.6 , then would have its radius
approximately as

(a) 9.6

(b) 12.0

(c) 4.8

(d) 6.0 . (2007)

58. The total energy of electron in the ground state of hydrogen atom is The kinetic energy of
an electron in the first excited state is
(a) 6.8
 (b) 13.6
(c) 1.7
(d) 3.4 (2007)
59. Ionization potential of hydrogen atom is 13.6 Hydrogen atoms in the ground state are excited
by monochromatic radiation of photon energy 12.1 According to Bohr’s theory, the spectral
lines emitted by hydrogen will be
(a) one
(b) two
(c) three
(d) four. (2006)

60. In a radioactive material the activity at time is and at a later time , it is . If the decay

constant of the material is , then

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d) . (2006)

61. The binding energy of deuteron is 2.2 and that of is 28 .If two deuterons are fused

to form one then the energy released is

(a) 30.2
(b) 25.8
(c) 23.6
(d) 19.2 (2006)

62. The radius of germanium nuclide is measured to be twice the radius of The number of

nucleons in are
(a) 72
(b) 73
(c) 74
(d) 75. (2006)
63. In the reaction , if the binding energies of and are respectively
 and , then the energy released in this reaction is

(a)
(b)
(c)
(d) . (2005)
64. The total energy of an electron in the first excited state of hydrogen atom is about . Its
kinetic energy in this state is
(a) 3.
(b) 6.
(c)
(d) . (2005)
65. Which one of the following pairs of nuclei are isotones?.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d) (2005)

66. In any fission process the ratio is

(a) equal to 1
(b) greater than 1
(c) less than 1
(d) depends on the mass of the parent nucleus. (2005)

67. Energy levels and of a certain atom corresponding to increasing values of energy i.e.,

. If and are wavelengths of radiations corresponding to transitions to

to and to respectively, which of the following relations is correct?.

(a)

(b)
 (c)

(d) (2005, 1990)

68. Fission of nuclei is possible because the binding energy per nucleon in them
(a) increases with mass number at low mass numbers
(b) decreases with mass number at low mass numbers
(c) increases with mass number at high mass numbers
(d) decreases with mass number at high mass numbers. (2005)

69. A nucleus represented by the symbol has

(a) neutrons and protons

(b) protons and neutrons
(c) protons and neutrons
(d) protons and neutrons (2004)

70. If in a nuclear fusion process the masses of the fusing nuclei be and and the mass of the

resultant nucleus be , then

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d) (2004)
71. The Bohr model of atoms
(a) Assumes that the angular momentum of electrons is quantized.
(b) Uses Einstein’s photoelectric equation.
(c) Predicts continuous emission spectra for atoms.
(d) Predicts the same emission spectra for all types of atoms. (2004)
72. The halflife of radium is about 1600 years. If 100 of radium existing now, 25 will remain
unchanged after
(a) 4800 years
(b) 6400 years
(c) 2400 years
(d) 3200 years(2004)
73. An electron is moving round the nucleus of a hydrogen atom in a circular orbit of radius . The
 Coulomb force between the two is

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d) where K (2003)

74. Solar energy is mainly caused due to

(a) burning of hydrogen in the oxygen
(b) fission of uranium present in the Sun
(c) fusion of protons during synthesis of heavier elements
(d) gravitational contraction (2003)
75. The volume occupied by an atom is greater than the volume of the nucleus by a factor of about

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d) (2003)

76. A sample of radioactive element has a mass of 10 at an instant . The approximate mass of
this element in the sample after two mean lives is
(a) 1.35
(b) 2.50
(c) 3.70
(d) 6.30 (2003)

77. In which of the following systems will the radius of the first orbit be minimum7.
(a) doubly ionized lithium
(b) singly ionized helium
(c) deuterium atom
(d) hydrogen atom (2003)
78. The mass of proton is 1.0073 and that of neutron is 1.0087 ( atomic mass unit). The
 binding energy of is(Given helium nucleus mass .)

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d) (2003)

79. The mass number of a nucleus is

(a) always less than its atomic number
(b) always more than its atomic number
(c) sometimes equal to its atomic number
(d) sometimes less than and sometimes more than its atomic number(2003)

80. A nuclear reaction given by represents

(a) ‐decay

(b) ‐decay
(c) fusion
(d) fission (2003)
81. Which of the following are suitable for the fusion process?.
(a) light nuclei
(b) heavy nuclei
(c) element lying in the middle of the periodic table
(d) middle elements, which are lying on binding energy curve. (2002)

82. A sample of radioactive element containing active nuclei. Half life of element is 10 days,

then number of decayed nuclei after 30 days

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d) . (2002)

83. A deutron is bombarded on nucleus then ‐particle is emitted. The product nucleus is
 (a)

(b)

(c)

(d) . (2002)
84. Which rays contain (positive) charged particles?.
(a) ‐rays

(b) ‐rays

(c) ‐rays
(d) ‐rays. (2001)

85. , then will be

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d) (2001)

86. Half life of a radioactive element is 12.5 hour and its quantity is 256 . After how much time its
quantity will remain 1 ?.
(a) 50 hrs
(b) 100 hrs
(c) 150 hrs
(d) 200 . (2001)

87. The interplanar distance in a crystal is 2.8 . The value of maximum wavelength which can

be diffracted

(a)

(b)

(c)
 (d) (2001)

88. The energy of hydrogen atom in orbit is then the energy in orbit of singly ionised helium
atom will be

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d) . (2001)

89. and represent the mass of neutron and proton respectively. An element having mass

has neutrons and protons, then the correct relation will be

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d) (2001)
90. Energy released in nuclear fission is due to
(a) some mass is converted into energy
(b) total binding energy of fragments is more than the binding energy of parental element
(c) total binding energy of fragments is less than the binding energy of parental element
(d) total binding energy of fragments is equal to the binding energy of parental element. (2001)

91. For the given reaction, the particle is

(a) neutron
(b) anti neutrino
(c) neutrino
(d) proton.(2000)
92. Maximum frequency of emission is obtained for the transition
(a) to
(b) to
(c) to
 (d) to (2000)

93. The relation between and as half life)

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d) (2000)
94. Nuclear fission is best explained by
(a) liquid droplet theory
(b) Yukawa ‐meson theory
(c) independent particle model of the nucleus
(d) proton‐proton cycle. (2000)
95. The life span of atomic hydrogen is
(a) fraction of one second
(b) one year
(c) one hour
(d) one day. (2000)
96. When an electron does transition from to , then emitted line spectrum will be
(a) first line of Lyman series
(b) second line of Balmer series
(c) first line of Paschen series
(d) second line of Paschen series. (2000)
97. Alpha particles are
(a) neutrally charged
(b) positron
(c) protons
(d) ionized helium atoms (1999)

98. After and ‐emissions

(a) mass number reduces by 6

(b) mass number reduces by 4
(c) mass number reduces by 2
(d) atomic number remains unchanged (1999)

99. Complete the equation for the following fission process

 (a)

(b)

(c)

(d) (1998)

100. A nucleus emits one and two particles. The resulting nucleus is

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d) (1998)

101. Atomic weight of Boron is 10.81 and it has two isotopes and . Then the ratio of

in nature would be
(a) 15 : 16
(b) 10 : 11
(c) 19: 81
(d) 81: 19 (1998)
102. In the Bohr model of a hydrogen atom, the centripetal force is furnished by the coulomb

attraction between the proton and the electron. If is the radius of the ground state orbit, is the

mass and is the charge on the electron and is the vacuum permittivity, the speed of the
electron is

(a)

(b)

(c)
 (d) (1998)
103. The 21 cm radiowave emitted by hydrogen in interstellar space is due to the interaction
called the hyperiine interaction in atomic hydrogen. The energy of the emitted wave is nearly

(a) joule

(b) joule

(c) joule

(d) joule(1998)

104. Half‐lives of two radioactive substances and are respectively 20 minutes and 40
minutes. Initially the samples of and have equal number of nuclei. After 80 minutes the ratio
of remaining numbers of and nuclei is
(a) 1 : 4
(b) 4: 1
(c) 1: 16
(d) 1: 1 (1998)
105. Due to earth’s magnetic field, the charged cosmic rays particles
(a) can never reach the pole
(b) can never reach the equator
(c) require greater kinetic energy to reach the equator than pole
(d) require less kinetic energy to reach the equator than pole. (1997)
106. Which of the following is used as a moderator in nuclear reaction7.
(a) cadmium
(b) plutonium
(c) uranium
(d) heavy water.(1997)
107. The energy of the ground electronic state of hydrogen atom is‐ 13.6 ne energy of the
first excited state will be
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d) . (1997)
108. When hydrogen atom is in its first excited level, its radius is……. of the Bohr radius.
(a) twice
(b) 4 times
(c) same
(d) half. (1997)
109. The most penetrating radiation out of the following are

(a) ‐rays

(b) ‐rays
(c) ‐rays
(d) ‐rays. (1997)
110. The minimum wavelength of the ‐rays produced by electrons accelerated through a
potential difference of volts is directly proportional to

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d) (1996)

111. The energy of a hydrogen atom in its ground state is The energy of the level
corresponding to the quantum number in the hydrogen atom is
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d) . (1996)
112. According to Bohr’s principle, the relation between principal quantum number (n) and
radius of orbit (r) is

(a)

(b)
(c)

(d) (1996)

113. A nucleus ruptures into two nuclear parts, which have their velocity ratio equal to .
What will be the ratio of their nuclear size (nuclear radius)?.

(a)

(b)

(c)
 (d) (1996)

114. What is the respective number of and particles emitted in the following radioactive

decay?.

(a) 8 and 8
(b) 8 and 6
(c) 6 and 8
(d) 6 and 6. (1995)

115. The binding energies per nucleon for a deuteron and an (x‐particle are and

respectively. The energy Q released in the reaction , is

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d) .(1995)
116. The count rate of a Geiger Muller counter for the radiation of a radioactive material of

half‐life of 30 minutes decreases to after 2 hours. The initial count rate was

(a) 80

(b) 625

(c) 20

(d) 25 (1995)

117. An electron makes a transition from orbit to the orbit of a hydrogen atom.

What is the wavelength of the emitted radiations7. constant)

(a)
 (b)

(c)

(d) (1995)
118. When a hydrogen atom is raised from the ground state to an excited state,
(a) both K.E. and P.E. increase
(b) both K.E. and P.E. decrease
(c) the P.E. decreases and K.E. increases
(d) the P.E. increases and K.E. decreases. (1995)
119. The figure represents the observed intensity of ‐rays emitted by an ‐ray tube, as a
function of wavelength. The sharp peaks and denote

(a) white radiations

(b) characteristic radiations
(c) band spectrum
(d) continuous spectrum (1995)
120. The figure indicates the energy level diagram of an atom and the origin of six spectral lines
in emission (e.g., line no. 5 arises from the transition from level to ).Which of the following
spectral lines will occur in the absorption spectrum?.
(a) 4,5,6
(b) 1,2,3,4,5,6
(c) 1, 2, 3
(d) 1, 4, 6. (1995)

121. The mass number of He is 4 and that of sulphur is 32. The radius of sulphur nucleus is
larger than that of helium by the factor of
(a) 4
(b)
(c) 8
 (d) (1995)
122. The binding energy per nucleon is maximum in case of

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d) (1993)
123. Which source is associated with a line emission spectrum7.
(a) Electric fire
(b) Neon street sign
(c) Red traffic light
(d) Sun (1993)

124. Energy released in the fission of a single nucleus is 200 The fission rate of

filled reactor operating at a power level of 5 is

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d) (1993)

125. Hydrogen atoms are excited from ground state of the principle quantum number 4. Then
the number of spectral lines observed will be
(a) 3
(b) 6
(c) 5
(d) 2 (1993)

126. In terms of Bohr radius , the radius of the second Bohr orbit of a hydrogen atom is given
by

(a)
 (b)

(c)

(d) (1992)
127. Solar energy is due to
(a) fusion reaction
(b) fission reaction
(c) combustion reaction
(d) chemical reaction (1992)
128. The ionization energy of hydrogen atom is 13.6 . Following Bohr’s theory, the energy

corresponding to a transition between and orbit is

(a) 3.40
(b) 1.51
(c) 0.85
(d) 0.66 (1992)
129. The energy equivalent of one atomic mass unit is

(a)

(b)

(c)
(d) (1992)
130. The mass of ‐particle is
(a) less than the sum of masses of two protons and two neutrons
(b) equal to mass of four protons
(c) equal to mass of four neutrons
(d) equal to sum of masses of two protons and two neutrons (1992)
131. Of the following pairs of species which one will have the same electronic configuration for
both members?.

(a) and

(b) and

(c) and

(d) and (1992)

132. The mass density of a nucleus varies with mass number as
(a)
(b)
(c) constant
(d) (1992)
133. The constituents of atomic nuclei are believed to be
(a) neutrons and protons
(b) protons only
(c) electron and protons
(d) electrons, protons and neutrons (1991)
134. The half life of radium is 1600 years. The fraction of a sample of radium that would remain
after 6400 years
(a) 1/4
(b) 1/2
(c) 1/8
(d) 1/16 (1991)

135. In the nucleus of , the number of protons, neutrons and electrons are
(a) 11,12,0
(b) 23,12,11
(c) 12,11,0
(d) 23,11,12(1991)
136. The ground state energy of ‐atom is 13.6 The energy needed to ionize ‐atom
from its second excited state
(a) 1.51
(b) 3.4
(c) 13.6
(d) none of these (1991)
137. If the nuclear force between two protons, two neutrons and between proton and neutron is

denoted by and respectively, then

(a)

(b) and

(c)

(d) (1991)
138. The valence electron in alkali metal is a

(a) ‐electron

(b) ‐electron
(c) ‐electron
(d) ‐electron(1990)

139. Consider an electron in the orbit of a hydrogen atom in the Bohr model. The

circumference of the orbit can be expressed in terms of de Broglie wavelength of that electron as

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d) (1990)

140. The nuclei and can be described as

(a) isotones
(b) isobars
(c) isotopes of carbon
(d) isotopes of nitrogen (1990)
141. Which of the following statements is true for nuclear forces7.
(a) They obey the inverse square law of distance.
(b) They obey the inverse third power law of distance.
(c) They are short range forces.
(d) They are equal in strength to electromagnetic forces. (1990)

142. The ratio of the radii of the nuclei and approximately

(a) 6 : 10
(b) 13 : 52
(c) 40: 177
(d) 14: 73 (1990)

143. The nucleus absorbs an energetic neutron and emits a beta particle ( ) . The
resulting nucleus is

(a)
 (b)

(c)

(d) (1990)
144. A radioactive element has half life period 800 years. After 6400 years what amount will
remain7.
(a) 1/2
(b) 1/16
(c) 1/8
(d) 1/256 (1989)

145. An element decays into element by a two step process ,

Then
(a) and are isotopes
(b) and are isobars
(c) and are isotopes
(d) and are isobars (1989)
146. Curie is a unit of
(a) energy of gamma rays
(b) half‐life
(c) radioactivity
(d) intensity of gamma rays (1989)
147. The average binding energy of a nucleon inside an atomic nucleus is about
(a)
(b)
(c)

(d) (1989)

148. To explain his theory, Bohr used

(a) conservation of linear momentum
(b) quantisation of angular momentum
(c) conservation of quantum frequency
(d) none of these (1989)
149. The atomic number of silicon is 14. Its ground state electron configuration is

(a)
 (b)

(c)

(d) (1989)

150. A radioactive sample with a half life of 1 month has the label: ‘Activity micro curies
on 1‐8‐1991’. What would be its activity two months earlier?.
(a) 1.0 micro curie
(b) 0.5 micro curie
(c) 4 micro curie
(d) 8 micro curie (1988)

151. The nucleus , after two successive ‐decay will give

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d) (1988)

152. The ionisation energy of hydrogen atom is 13.6 , the ionisation energy of a singly
ionised helium atom would be
(a) 13.6
(b) 27.2
(c) 6.8
(d) 54.4 (1988)

1. (d) 2. (b) 3. (c) 4. (d) 5. (a) 6. (b) 7. (None) 8. (b) 9. (c) 10. (d) 11. (a) 12. (c) 13. (c) 14. (d) 15.
(c) 16. (d) 17. (c) 18. (c) 19. (a) 20. (d) 21. (c) 22. (d) 23. (b) 24. (d) 25. (c) 26. (d) 27. (a) 28. (d)
29. (b) 30. (d) 31. (b) 32. (c) 33. (b) 34. (c) 35. (c) 36. (c) 37. (c) 38. (c) 39. (b) 40. (d) 41. (a) 42. (c)
43. (c) 44. (a) 45. (d) 46. (c) 47. (a) 48. (c) 49. (c) 50. (b) 51. (a) 52. (a) 53. (c) 54. (a) 55. (a) 56. (a)
57. (d) 58. (d) 59. (c) 60. (b) 61. (c) 62. (a) 63. (c) 64. (a) 65. (a) 66. (c) 67. (b) 68. (d) 69. (b) 70. (c)
71. (a) 72. (d) 73. (d) 74. (c) 75. (d) 76. (a) 77. (a) 78. (c) 79. (c) 80. (a) 81. (a) 82. (c) 83. (d) 84. (a)
85. (a) 86. (b) 87. (b) 88. (a) 89. (a) 90. (a) 91. (c) 92. (a) 93. (a) 94. (a) 95. (a) 96. (b) 97. (d) 98.
(b,d) 99. (c) 100. (c) 101. (c) 102. (a) 103. (d) 104. (a) 105. (c) 106. (d) 107. (c) 108. (b) 109. (b)
110. (b) Ill. (b) 112. (d) 113. (d) 114. (b) 115 (b) 116. (a) 117. (d) 118. (b) 119. (b) 120. (c) 121. (b)
 122. (b) 123. (b) 124. (b) 125. (b) 126. (a) 127. (a) 128. (d) 129. (c) 130. (a) 131. (d) 132. (c) 133.
(a) 134. (d) 135. (a) 136. (a) 137. (c) 138. (c) 139. (d) 140. (a) 141. (c) 142. (a) 143. (b) 144. (d)
145. (a) 146. (c) 147. (a) 148. (b) 149. (d) 150. (d) 151. (d) 152. (d)

EXPLANATIONS

1. (d): Total energy of electron in orbit,

Kinetic energy of electron in orbit,

Potential energy of electron in orbit,

Thus, total energy of electron,

Given
2. (b): Alpha particle is a positively charged particle. It is identical to the nucleus of the helium

atom, so it contains 2 protons and 2 neutrons.

3. (c) : Given, radius of first Bohr orbit for electron in a hydrogen atom,

and its ground state energy,

Charge of muon charge of electron

Mass of muon mass of electron)

Therefore, when electron is replaced by muon then, first Bohr radius,

and ground state energy,

4. (d): Given,
and rate of radioactive disintegration,
 Now, we know that,

5. (a) : Number of nuclei remaining,

According to the law of radioactive decay,

; where is the number of nuclei initially.

; where half life.

or

minutes minutes
6. (b): In a Bohr orbit of the hydrogen atom, Kinetic energy ‐(Total energy)
So, Kinetic energy: Total energy

7. 7. : The number of radioactive nuclei ‘N at any time is given as

where N0 is number of radioactive nuclei in the sample at some arbitrary time t O and is the
radioactive decay constant.

Given:

or
 Negative value of time is not possible.

So given ratio in question should be

8. (b): The wavelength of last line of Balmer series

The wavelength oflast line of Lyman series

9. (c) : When electron jumps from higher orbit to lower orbit then, wavelength of emitted photon is
given by,

so,

and

10. (d): Nuclei at time

Remaining nuclei after 40% decay

Remaining nuclei after 85% decay

Hence, two half life is required between 40% decay and 85% decay of a radioactive substance.
 Time taken

11. (a) : Here,

The wave number of the last line of the Balmer series in hydrogen spectrum is given by

12. (c) : Distance of closest approach when an ‐particle of mass moving with velocity is
bombarded on a heavy nucleus of charge , is given by

13. (c) : If and and are the momenta of thorium and helium nuclei respectively, then
according to law of conservation of linear momentum

or
‐ve sign shows that both are moving in opposite directions.
But in magnitude

If and are the masses of thorium and helium nuclei respectively, then

Kinetic energy of thorium nucleus is and that of helium nucleus is

But and

or
Thus the helium nucleus has more kinetic energy than the thorium nucleus.

14. (d): Energy of electron in orbit

As per Bohr’s model,

 Kinetic energy of electron in the orbit

15. (c) : Energy of the photon,

After absorbing a photon of energy 12. the electron will reach to third excited state of energy

−0.85 eV, since energy difference corresponding to and n 4 is 12.75 eV Number of spectral
lines emitted

16. (d) : Binding energy of nucleus

Binding energy of nucleus

The reaction is

(BE of )
17. (c):

Number of nuclei at
Number of nuclei after time
(As per question)

or
Remaining nuclei of isotope

So three halflives would have been passed.

years

years

Hence, the age of the rock is years.

18. (c): The wavelength of different spectral lines of Lyman series is given by

where

where subscript refers to Lyman.

For longest wavelength,

(i)
The wavelength of different spectral series of Balmer series is given by

where ……

where subscript refers to Balmer.

For longest wavelength,
 (ii)

Divide (ii) by (i), we get

19. (a): As

Here,
The energy liberated per is

20. (d):

Initial number of atoms,

Number of atoms after time

As per question

or

As where is the no. of halflives

or

or years years
 Hence, the age of rock is 60 years.
21. (c)
22. (d)
23. (b) : For a given energy, ‐rays has highest penetrating power and ‐particles has least penetrating
power.
24. (d):

According to Rydberg formula

In first case,

(i)

In second case,

(ii) Divide (ii) by (i), we get

25. (c) : Nuclear radius,

where is a constant and is the mass number

or fermi fermi

26. (d): Let after amount of the and will become equal in the mixture.
 As
where is the number of half‐lives

For

For

According to question,

or

or

or or
27. (a) : According to Rydberg formula

Here,

According to conservation of linear momentum, we get

Momentum of photon Momentum of atom or

28. (d):
29. (b): According to radioactive decay law
 where Number of radioactive nuclei at time

Number of radioactive nuclei left undecayed at any time

decay constant

At time of the sample had decayed

(i)

At time of the sample had decayed,

(ii)
Divide (i) by (ii), we get

days
30. (d): The wavelength of the first line of lyman series for hydrogen atom is

The wavelength of the second line of Balmer series for hydrogen like ion is

According to question

or or or

31. (b) :
where is number of halflives
 or or
Let the age of rock be years.

or years years
32. (c): According to Einstein’s mass energy relation

or
Mass decay per second

Mass decay per hour

mg
33. (b) : Momentum of emitted photon

From the law of conservation of linear momentum, Momentum of recoil nucleus

where is the recoil speed of the nucleus

or (i)
The recoil energy of the nucleus

(Using(i))

34. (c) : When an alpha particle is emitted, the mass number and the atomic
number of the daughter nucleus decreases by four and two respectively. When a beta particle

is emitted, the atomic number of the daughter nucleus increases by one but the mass number
 remains the same.

35. (c): Extremely high temperature needed for fusion make kinetic energy large enough to overcome
coulomb repulsion between nuclei.

36. (c) : Here, Stopping potential, Work function,

According to Einstein’s photoelectric equation or

(i) When an electron in the hydrogen atom makes a transition from

excited state to the ground state , then the frequency (o) of the emitted photon is given by

[ For hydrogen atom,

According to given problem

‐ (Using(i))

or
37. (c):

No. of nuclei, at
Half‐ life
No. of nuclei after time

Let after the number of nuclei of and are equal.

and

As
 or or or

or or

After 4 minutes, both and have equal number of nuclei.

Number of nuclei of

38. (c) : The energy of orbit of hydrogen atom is given as

39. (b): For nucleus,

Mass defect,

Binding energy,

Binding energy per nucleon,

40. (d): According to activity law

(i) According to given problem,

counts per minute

 counts per minute
minutes
Substituting these values in equation (i), we get

or per minute

At , the activity reduces to

where halflife of a radioactive sample

From equation (i), we get

or
Taking natural logarithms ofboth sides of above equation, we get

or minutes
41. (a)
42. (c)

43. (c) : at time at time Therefore, number of nuclei decayed during time

interval is

44. (a) :

The binding energy per nucleon of a deuteron

Total binding energy
The binding energy per nucleon of a helium nuclei
Total binding energy
Hence, energy released

45. (d):
 First decays by emission emitting antineutrino simultaneously. emits resulting in

the excited level of which in turn emits a ray.

is the answer.

46. (c) :
The resultant daughter is an isotope of the original parent nucleus.

47. (a) : Energy of the projectile is the potential energy at closest approach,

Therefore energy
48. (c)

The maximum wavelength emitted here corresponds to the transition (Paschen series
1st line)

49. (c) :

mass defect

50. (b):
Their radii will be in the ratio

Density
 Their nuclear densities will be the same.
51. (a) :

1st excitation energy

52. (a):

53. (c): Given:

At

According to radioactive decay,

(i)

(ii)

Divide (i) by (ii), we get

or,
 or, or,

or,

54. (a): In beta minus decay, a neutron is transformed into a proton and an electron is emitted
with the nucleus along with an antineutrino.

, where is the antineutrino.

55. (a): In mass spectrometer when ions are accelerated through potential

(i)
where is the mass of ion, is the charge of the ion.
As the magnetic field curves the path ofthe ions in a semicircular orbit

(ii) Substituting (ii) in (i), we get

or,

Since are constants,

or,

56. (a)

57. (d): Nuclear radii

where is the mass number.

or,

Given

58. (d): Energy of orbit of hydrogen atom

 is given by

For ground state,

For first excited state,

Kinetic energy of an electron in the first excited state is

59. (c) : Ionisation potential of hydrogen atom is 13.6

Energy required for exciting the hydrogen atom in the ground state to orbit is given by

i.e.,

or, or, or, Number of spectral lines emitted

60. (b) : According to activity law,

and

or,

61. (c) :
Energy released

. of .
62. (a) : Nuclear radii

where fm

or

or,

( given ) or,

or,

The number of nucleons in Ge is 72.

63. (c) : Energy released,

mass of product‐mass of reactant

or, .

64. (a):

But P.E. is negative.

Total energy

65. (a): Isotones means number of neutron remains same.

66. (c)
67. (b) :

or
 or

68. (d): For nuclei having binding energy per nucleon gradually decreases.
69. (b): is number of protons and is the total number of protons and neutrons.
70. (c) : In nuclear fusion the mass of end product or resultant is always less than the sum of initial
product, the rest is liberated in the form of energy, like in Sun energy is liberated due to fusion of
two hydrogen atoms.
71. (a)

72. (d): Using

The total time in which radium change to 25 is

73. (d): The charge on hydrogen nucleus

charge on electron,

Coulomb force,

74. (c)
75. (d):

76. (a) : Let,

(given)

Then from,
77. (a) : Radius of first orbit,

for doubly ionized lithium will be maximum, hence for doubly ionized lithium, will be
minimum.

78. (c) : Mass defect

Binding energy mass defect)

79. (c) : Mass number atomic number no. of neutrons For hydrogen, number of neutrons
So, mass number Atomic number.
Hence mass number is sometimes equal to atomic number.

80. (a) : ‐decay.

81. (a): The nuclei of light elements have a lower binding energy than that for the elements of
intermediate mass. They are therefore less stable; consequently the fusion of the light elements
results in more stable nucleus.
82. (c) : Number of initial active nuclei

Number of decayed nuclei after 10 days (half life)

Remaining number of nuclei after 10 days

Number of decayed nuclei in next 10 days

Similarly, number of decayed nuclei in next 10 days

Total number of nuclei decayed after 30 days

83. (d): The nuclear reaction is

 So when a deuteron is bombarded on nucleus then an ‐particle is emitted and the

product nucleus is

84. (a) : ‐rays are positively charged particles.

85. (a) :

86. (b): no of decays

Time for 8 halflife hours.

87. (b):

i. e.,

88. (a):
89. (a)
90. (a)
91. (c)

92. (a):
93. (a)
94. (a)
95. (a)
96. (b): Jump to second orbit leads to Balmer series. The jump from 4th orbit shall give rise to second
line of Balmer series.
97. (d)

98. (b,d) : reduce the mass number by 4 units and atomic number by 2 units, while only

increase the atomic number by 1 unit.

99. (c)
100. (c)

101. (c) : Let be present as x% and percentage of

Average atomic coefficient

% of is . Ratio is 19: 81.

102. (a) : Centripetal force force of attraction of nucleus on electron

103. (d): Energy

104. (a) : For half lives

No. of atoms left

For half lives

No. of atoms left Ratio

105. (c)
106. (d): In nuclear fission, the chain reaction is controlled in such way that only one neutron,
produced in each fission, causes further fission. Therefore some moderator is used to slow down the
neutrons. Heavy water is used for this purpose.
107. (c) : Energy of the ground electronic state of hydrogen atom
We know that energy of the first excited state for second orbit (where )

108. (b): When a hydrogen atom is in its excited level, then

Therefore radius of hydrogen atom in its first excited level

109. (b): ‐ray are most penetrating radiations.
110. (b): By the law of photo‐electric effect
 or

111. (b): Energy of hydrogen atom in ground state and quantum number
We know that energy of hydrogen atom

112. (d): According to Bohr’s principle, radius of orbit

where principal quantum number.

113. (d) : Velocity ratio

Mass ( Volume

According to law of conservation of momentum,

Therefore

or

or
114. (b) : On emission of one ‐particle, atomic number decreases by 2 units and atomic mass
number decrease by 4 units.
Here, decrease in mass number
Number of ‐particles

While the emission of ‐particle does not effect the mass number and atomic number increases by

1 unit.

Number of ‐particles

115. (b): No. of nucleon on reactant side Binding energy for one nucleon

Binding energy for 4 nucleons

Similarly on product side binding energy Now, change in binding energy .

116. (a): Half‐life time minutes; Rate of decrease per second and

total time hours minutes. Relation for initial and final count rate

Therefore

117. (d) : Transition of hydrogen atom from orbit to

Wave number
118. (b) :

and
Therefore when a hydrogen atom is raised from the ground, it increases the value of the radius .
As a result of this, both K.E. and P.E. decrease.
119. (b)
120. (c): Absorption spectrum involves only excitation of ground level to higher level.
Therefore spectral lines 1, 2, 3 will occur in the absorption spectrum.

121. (b): Mass number of helium and mass number of sulphur

Radius of nucleus, . Therefore

122. (b) : From binding energy curve, the curve reaches peak for
123. (b): Neon street sign is a source of line emission spectrum.
124. (b): Fission rate

125. (b) :
 No. of spectral lines

126. (a) : As , therefore, radius of Bohr’s orbit

127. (a) : Fusion reaction.

128. (d):

129. (c) : 1 a.m.u

130. (a): ‐particle . It contains and

As some mass is converted into binding energy, therefore, mass of particle is slightly less than

sum of the masses of and

131. (d) : Clearly and have same electronic configuration as they are isoelectronic.

132. (c) : The nuclear radius varies with mass number according to the relation

or

Now density
Further mass and volume

constant
133. (a): Nucleus contains only neutrons and protons.

134. (d) :

135. (a) : i. e., number of protons

Number of neutrons
Number of electron (No electron in nucleus) Therefore 11, 12,
136. (a): Second excited state corresponds to
 but one has to ionise only from ground state. Even if one has to excite an atom from , one has
to excite from
137. (c) : Nuclear force is the same between any two nucleons.

138. (c) : For all first group elements, , . They have one electron in the

subshell.
139. (d): The circumference of an orbit in an atom in terms of wavelength of wave associated
with electron is given by the relation,

Circumference , where

140. (a): As and have same no. of neutrons

for and for N , they are isotones.

141. (c) : Nuclear forces are short range forces

142. (a) : from

and

143. (b) : Energy

144. (d) : Number of halflives,

145. (a): From equation (ii), has 2 units of charge more than
From equation (i), loses 2 units of charge by emission of alpha particle. Hence, and are
isotopes as their charge number is same.
146. (c) : Curie is a unit of radioactivity
147. (a): Average binding energy/nucleon in nuclei is of the order of 8
148. (b): Bohr used quantisation of angular momentum. For stationary orbits,

Angular momentum where

149. (d)
150. (d): In two halflives, the activity becomes one fourth.
Activity on 1‐8‐91 was 2 micro curie
Activity before two months,
micro‐Curie micro curie

151. (d): Two successive decays increase the charge no. by 2.

152. (d) : and for singly ionised helium is 2 (i.e., 2 protons in the nucleus)