8

Drinking water is preferred, in case of using non-drinking water, it should be tested for no oil, mud and other harmful impurities, and the sulfate content, salt Gradation of mixture and dosage of emulsified asphalt must meet demands of the following table. Variation of passing percentage of each sieve of the identified
content and PH value should meet the requirements. production mix proportion should not exceed the range of the following table:
Control Limit of Mineral Aggregate Gradation and Production Gradation
⑤ Plate division and joint design
Quality percentage of passing the following square-hole sieve(mm) (％) Asphalt-aggre
a. Some parts adopt plain cement concrete panel and joint structure is set by block for the plain cement concrete pavement according to the specifications, Control requirements
9.5 4.75 2.36 1.18 0.6 0.3 0.15 0.075 gate ratio(％)
2
with aspect ratio of less than 1.35, and the area of single board less than 25 m . Gradation range 100 95 - 100 65 - 90 45 - 70 30 - 50 18 - 30 10 - 21 5 - 15 5.5 - 9.5
Control limit(％) ±5 ±5 ±5 ±5 ±4 ±3 ±2 +0.2 - 0.3
b. See "Design for Cement Concrete Pavement" for reinforced concrete panel block division ,the reinforced concrete panel has a single layer of φ12
reinforced mesh with horizontal tendons spacing of 30 cm and longitudinal tendons spacing of 15 cm. It is needed to check integrity of slurry seal coat and adhesion of base course surface after ending of construction. Insufficient width of partial base course and
lower seal course is required to paved; the shaped seal course is deemed as qualified if it bonds with surface of base course and cannot be stripped off in whole
c. Horizontal contraction joint: fake joints are applied for general sections, with sawing depth of 7 cm and width of 6 mm; dowel bar of HPB300φ32 plain
after being punctured with a hard object. The seal course is needed to be inspected again before the construction of surface course and the destroyed and
round bar with spacing of 30 cm and length of 50 cm is added, see "Design for Cement Concrete Pavement".
deciduous parts should be paved according to the requirements.
d. Longitudinal seam: tie bar made of HRB400φ16 ribbed bar with spacing of 30 – 40 cm and length of 80 cm is added.
③ Prime Coat
e. Corner bar: corner bars is applied at the knitting angle of concrete panel for reinforcement.
Prime coat adopts AL(M)-1 and AL(M)-2 allocated with kerosene to dilute asphalt and uses asphalt distribution truck to sprinkle evenly at a time with dosage of
f. Edge bar: edge bars are not applied on reinforced concrete panels. 0.9L/㎡. To protect the priming oil from damage by transport vehicles, a layer of aggregate chips or grit is sprayed on the top of priming oil with the dosage of 2
⑥ Junction design for cement concrete pavement and asphalt pavement m3/1000m2.

The pavement junction should be reinforced with cast-in-situ concrete board, and the construction should be in strict accordance with the design requirements to Priming oil should permeate through depth>5mm of base course. Emulsified asphalt of prime coat should adopt hypertonicity emulsified asphalt. However, it must
prevent the surface cracking, uneven settlement and other diseases at the junction to ensure the level of road operations services. be noticed that if it adopts anion emulsified asphalt, emulsified device, producing prime coat anion emulsified asphalt, must be equipped independently. It is not
approved to use the device which produces bonding coat and seal coat cation emulsified asphalt in avoidance of cross influence of anion emulsifier and cationic
3) Tack Coat, Prime Coat and Seal Coat
emulsifier during production and influence of emulsified asphalt quality.
① Tack Coat
Technical Requirements of Prime Coat Material of Semi-rigid Base
Tack coat is installed between asphalt coats, in avoidance of slippage between layers, to enforce combination between structure coats and improve integrality of Test items unit Technical requirement Test method

pavement structure. There is tack coats between upper surface course and middle surface course and middle surface course and lower surface course according to Demulsified speed Splitting in slow speed T0658
Ionic charge + T0653
the design. Tack coat adopts PC-3 modified emulsified asphalt whose distributor amount is 0.5L/㎡.
Residue on sieve(1.18mm sieve), ≤ % 0.1 T0652
Technical Requirements of Modified Emulsified Asphalt for Tack Coat viscosity Path standard viscosimeterC25.3 s 8 - 20 T0621
Items Technical Requirements Test Methods Content of residue, ≥ % 50 T0651
Splitting in fast speed or in middle solubility, ≥ % 97.5 T0607
Demulsified speed T0658
speed Evaporated residue
Needle penetration(25℃) 0.1mm 50 - 300 T0604
Ionic charge + T0653
ductility(15℃), ≥ cm 40 T0605
Surplus of sifter of 1.18mm, % ≤0.1 T0652
Adhesion and wrapping area with coarse aggregate, ≥ 2/3 T0654
Standard viscosity of asphaltC25,3, s 8 - 25 T0621
Storage stability at normal temperature:
content, % ≥50 T0651
1d, ≥ % 1 T0655
needle penetration(25℃), 0.1mm 45 - 120 T0604 5d, ≥ % 5
Evaporated residue
ductility5℃, cm ≥20 T0605
Notice: 1. Viscosity is measured with asphalt standard viscosity.
solubility(trichloro ethylene)% ≥97.5 T0607
Adhesion and wrapping area with mineral aggregate ≥2/3 T0654 2. Demulsified speed in the table is related to adhesion of aggregate and kinds of masonry in use. During quality inspection of construction, it is required to adopt actual masonry, while
1d, % ≤1 it is approved to not make requirements for the two indexes during quality assessment of emulsified asphalt.
Storage stability T0655
5d, % ≤5
3. Storage stability selects test time in accordance with actual construction conditions and normally adopts 5d and also can choose 1d if emulsion can be used at the day of production.
Notice: 4. If emulsified asphalt is utilized after the high-concentrated product is transported to the site and diluted, evaporated residue and other indexes in the table refer to demands of
1. Demulsified speed is connected with aggregate adhesion and kinds of masonry in use. During quality inspection of construction, it is required to adopt actual masonry, while it is emulsified asphalt before attenuation.
approved to not make requirements for these indexes during quality assessment.
④ Waterproof Coat of Deck Pavement
2. Storage stability selects test time in accordance with actual construction conditions and normally adopts 5d and also can choose 1d if emulsion can be used out at the next day after
To avoid surface water to infiltrate and immerse structures, the design adopts I type waterborne asphalt base waterproof paint as waterproof coat of bridge deck
production. In rare cases, 5d storage stability of modified emulsified asphalt may not meet demands. If it can be in the condition of uniformity and not affect normal operation after
being stirred, it is required to store it in storage tank equipped with stirring device and be stirred continuously after modified emulsified asphalt is transported to construction site, or pavement. I type waterborne asphalt base waterproof paint should be qualified product meeting code standard and the whole structure coat should be sprayed
it is not allowed to utilize. for three times whose dosage is as the following: the first is 0.4 - 0.6kg/m2,, the second is 0.6 - 0.9kg/m2 and the third is 0.15kg/m2. The total dosage should be no

② Seal Coat less than 1.5kg/m2 and coating thickness is among 0.5 - 0.7mm. Indexes of waterproof coat material performance are described in the table below:
Technical Performance Index of Type- I Waterborne Asphalt Base Waterproof Paint
It is required to pave lower seal coat immediately after the termination of base course curing. It is needed to check integrity of base course and remove surface
Performance index Type-I waterborne asphalt base waterproof paint
loose parts and sundries and ensure cleanness, desiccation and stability on the top of base course before pavement of lower seal coat. Construction of slurry Black or blue& brown homogeneous liquid after stirring and no any obvious particles adhered on
Appearance
sealing is used with slurry sealing machine which can measure automatically. the stirring rod
Solid content, % ≥43
During construction, the temperature should not be lower than 10℃ and it is not proper to construct in rainy day; when there is large difference in temperature, No treatment ≥5.5
Extensibility, mm
it is needed to adjust formula immediately to coordinate with stirring time with the aim of best demulsification performance, due to long period of construction. After treatment ≥3.5
Suppleness, ℃ -15±2 no split and breakage
All emulsified asphalt must have its analysis report to ensure the conformity with the stirred asphalt and the used one in design. Representative samples, which
Heat resistance, ℃ 140±2 no flowing and sliding
are fetched from each aggregate material pile in site, should be sieving analyzed and tested for five times. If average value of the five times tests is in the range of
Cohesiveness, MPa ≥0.4
graduation, the material pile can be accepted. If tests show that the material cannot be utilized, it should be abandoned or be mixed with other aggregate in water tightness 0.3MPa,no water seepage for 30 min
material pile to meet the standard. The mixture should pass quality test before being mixed and guarantee the composition of stable gradation after mixture. Frost-resistance, -20℃ No splitting for 20 times
Alkali-resistance(20℃) No abnormalities immersed in Ca(OH)2 for 15d
Corrosion resistance
Saline-resistance(℃) No abnormalities immersed in 3% saline for 15d
 9

Dry on the surface ≤4h ⑾ Compactness of base course should not be lower than 98%; after the completion of rolling, top flexure test should be conducted within 14 days after the
Aridity, 25℃
Actually dry ≤12h
end of curing. Flexure test should use rear axle weight of 100KN standard car, whose inspection frequency for each lane is 20 m among two points.
High-temperature shear(60℃), MPa 0.16
After exposed wheel rolling test(0.7MPa, 100 times), no water seepage under 0.3MPa water 5) Graded Gravel Lower Subbase Course
Anti-chromium and anti-seepage
pressure
Appearance No sliding, flowing and dripping
Graded gravel should be mixed properly with several kinds of grain gravel and stone chips and its aggregate distribution component refers to the following table to
Artificial climate speeds determine. For the adoption of heavy compaction standard design, compaction of subbase should be greater than 96%, and CBR value should not be less than
Portrait tension retention rate% -3
up aging
Low temperature flexibility, ℃ No split 80%.

4) Cement Stabilized Gravel Base course 6) Gravel Bed Course

① Cement stabilized gravel base course adopts central mixing of mixture and paving with pavers (it is proper to use suitable paving machines and The grain size of the material of gravel bed course must be coordinated with the thickness of structure layer and the maximum grain size of gravel shall not
corresponding paving width in avoidance of segregation of mixture in the process of pavement); it is essential to test plant mixing machines before formal exceed 1/2 of the thickness of structure layer so as to ensure the formation of skeleton structure and improve the stability of structure layer.
mixing to ensure particle component of mixture and water content (adjust the optimum water content according to construction temperature) to meet
4. Flexure Acceptance for Each Layer of Pavement
standard demands. It is needed to test devices again when particle component of former aggregate has variation; it is required to organize constructions
Structure course Unit Carriageway
well and link up each process closely and keep the length of work section not too long.
Upper surface course 0.01mm 18.5
② Research shows that the variation of water content in mixture has a great influence on dry-shrinkage, therefore it is needed to strictly control rolling water Middle surface course 0.01mm 20.1

content in the construction, so that it is not lower than the optimum moisture content, and not be higher than the optimum 1% moisture content. Studies Lower surface course（1） 0.01mm 24.6
Lower surface course（2） 0.01mm 31.3
also shows that if the mixture losses water too fast, drying shrinkage coefficient will tend to grow quickly, so it is needed to be covered and conduct the
Base course 0.01mm 42.2
curing immediately after completion of construction. In summer, during construction at a high temperature, the time construction is completed, water
Subbase（1） 0.01mm 96.6
content has been less than 80% of the optimum water content, and then the construction should be paused and can be resumed when the water content is Subbase（2） 0.01mm 184
adjusted to the proper value. Roadbed top surface 0.01mm 232.9

③ During curing, it is forbidden to drive on base course and subbase. X. Acceptance Criteria of Roadbed Top Surface
④ Cement stabilized gravel base course should adopt steel-wheel rollers to roll stably (moderate times, degree of compaction is about 90%), light vibratory 1) Before the acceptance of subgrade, the appearance quality and local defects of subgrade shall be refurbished or treated. The refurbishment of roadbed top
rolling as well as strong vibratory rolling, and lastly use rubber-wheel roller to finish rolling in the mode of grinding. After the molding, it should be covered surface shall be carried out by the reasonable scheme and process according to the specific situation of quality defects. The compaction thickness of soil filled shall
with water-saving and moisturizing curing film to cure immediately and be watered in accordance with weather conditions to keep cement stabilized gravel not be less than 100mm; the compaction surface should be smooth, not loose, without peeling.
base wet. Technical requirements of water-saving and moisturizing curing film are described as the following table. It is forbidden to drive on the section of
2) The roadbed top surface acceptance shall be implemented in accordance with the relevant requirements; the construction quality should comply with the table
subbase which is under curing and covered with water-saving and moisturizing curing film, during the period of curing. The water-saving and moisturizing
below.
curing film should be checked often whether the curing film is covered closely. Water-saving and moisturizing curing film must be utilized to cure for
Table 11-1 Construction Quality Standards of Soil Embankment
cement stabilized gravel material of upper structure which cannot be constructed in time, and cannot be uncovered during the construction of upper
Predetermined value or allowed
Item No. Inspection item Inspection method and frequency
structure. deviation
1 Degree of compaction (%) ≥96
⑤ Construction organization should be reasonable, and construction of subbase should be started as soon as possible after the end of curing of construction of 2 Deflection (0.01mm) Not greater than design value
subbase, and construction of lower seal coat should be started as soon as possible after the end of curing of subbase. If the next coat cannot be constructed Elevation of longitudinal section
3 ＋10, －15 4 sections are inspected every 200m
(mm)
in time due to restriction of construction conditions, base course should be covered and cured continuously.
4 points are inspected every 200m; two points, namely HY and YH are added
4 Midline deviation (mm) 50
Water-saving and Moisturizing Curing Film for corners
Test items Requirement 5 Width Not less than the design value 4 positions are inspected every 200m
3d efficient water retenticity (%) ≥90 6 Levelness (mm) 15 3m ruler: 2 points are inspected every 200m×10 rulers
One-time retention time(d) ≥7 7 Cross slope (%) ±0.3 4 sections are inspected every 200m
Thermal insulation performance( use difference between temperature in film and outside the film) ≥4℃
XI. Construction Plan and Precautions
3d ≥95
Compressive strength with curing film (%) (compared with standard curing)
7d ≥95 (1) Before the subgrade construction, prepare temporary drainage facilities on the ground floor and excavate temporary drainage ditch on both sides of
Absorbing amount of distilled water per area (kg/m2) ≥0.5 subgrade to reduce ground-water level, and combine them with permanent drainage facilities. The drained water must not flow into farmland and

⑥ Base course material should be divided into 4 levels or above according to specific material (excluding natural sand, suggested grading range:0 - 4.75 mm, cultivated field, and shall not cause ditch siltation and subgrade erosion; attention shall be paid to the drainage works during the construction period.

and 4.75 - 9.5 mm, and 9.5 – 16 mm, and 16 - 31.5 mm, and also can appropriately adjust grading boundaries of screen hole size or increase grading series (2)
according to specific gravel processing equipment), to guarantee synthesis mixed material level distribution to meet requirements; grain diameter and
grading of aggregate should be consistent (conducive to management of mixing field for the convenience of material stack and construction organization.
(3)
Two materials of 0 - 2.36 mm and 2.36 - 4.75 mm must be built with rain-proof shed in order to ensure the effective control of moisture content of
construction mixture during construction.
(4)
⑦ Cement content must be under the control of total quantity, and be recorded the actual amount of cement, aggregate amount and the actual quantity, and
calculate and compare consistency of cement dosage in addition to the requirement to detect cement dosage with the titration method.
⑧ In summer, if the temperature of cement is higher than 50℃, the construction should be ceased.
(5)
⑨ At the end of every day, construction joint should be done, which should be guaranteed end-vertical and without no miters.
Pay attention to temporary drainage works during construction period and cut temporary drainage ditch in combination with permanent
drainage works.
The embankment base must be carefully removed if it is planting soil or humus; the roots within the scope of subgrade must be removed; the walls in front
of and after houses must be removed.
The cofferdam drainage, dredging and drying work must be done for the water (fish) weir pond, ditch, and river within the scope of subgrade. The physical
index of the dredging layer is as follows: the natural water content is greater than the liquid limit; the porosity ratio is greater than 1; the organic matter
content is greater than 5%; for the soil which does not meet the above index requirements, it shall be dried but not cleaned in principle.
Embankment filling: adopt filling by horizontal layer, and compaction machine and construction process shall meet the regulations and design requirements
of relevant specification and codes.

⑩ It is forbidden to adopt the method of supplement at thin coat for leveling and height adjustment at base course and to conduct surface purifying syrup (6) For the 0.5m extra-wide filling on both sides of subgrade, the quantity shall be included in the earth and stone works quantity table of subgrade.
deliberately. Before pavement for base course and subbase (including space between upper and lower subbase without continuous construction), surface
(7) The soil shall be filled in the culvert notch; before filling to the top surface, both sides shall be filled symmetrically, so as to avoid damage to the structure by
of the next coat should be moistened evenly and watering time depends on construction temperature, in addition, the watering cart should adopt the
the side pressure.
atomizing mode.