NCD IS A MEDICAL CONDITION

OR DISEASE
 which is not infectious
 with long duration
 relatively slow in progress
 which a person is unaware of the
disease unless or otherwise examined
 a silent killer
MAJOR NCDS
 Allergy
 Asthma
 Cardiovascular disease
 Cancer
 Diabetes
 Arthritis
 Kidney or Renal Failure
Cardiovascular Diseases
generally refers to
conditions that involve
narrowed or blocked
blood vessels that can
lead to a heart attack,
chest pain or stroke
 Cancer
group of diseases involving
abnormal cell growth with
the potential to invade or
spread to other parts of the
body.
- “malignant tumor”
 Diabetes
disease in which the blood
glucose or blood sugar levels are
too high
Asthma
a chronic (long term) lung disease
that inflames and narrows the
airways
 Allergy
* allergic reactions occur when a
person’s immune system reacts to
normally harmless substances in the
environment
ALLERGENS – substance that causes
allergic reaction
 Arthritis
* joint inflammation
COMMON TYPES OF ARTHRITIS:
1. Osteoarthritis
2. Rheumatoid Arthritis
3. Gout
 Kidney or Renal Failure
Acute renal failure (ARF) - known as
“acute kidney failure” (AKI)
* abrupt loss of kidney function
Pyelonephritis – a kidney infection
* inflammation of kidney tissue and a
result of severe urinary tract infection (UTI)
WHY DO YOU NEED TO BE
INFORMED ABOUT NCDS
•The number one cause of death in the
world. (more than 36 million people)
 Cardiovascular diseases- 48%
 Cancer- 21%
 Diabetes- 3%
 Chronic respiratory diseases- 12%
CHARACTERISTICS OF NCDS:
•Not caused by an acute infection
•Have common risk factors
•Cause long-term harm
•Need a long-term (or even life-long)
treatment
• Cause both men and women equally
• Sometimes, cause disability
CAUSES FOR NCDS (Risk Factors)
•Unhealthy diet
•Tobacco usage
•Physical inactivity
•Stress factors
•Overweighed (obese)
• Genetics
• Harmful use of alcohol
•Environmental factors
“ He who cures a disease may be
the skillfullest, but he that
prevents it is the safest physician”

- Thomas Fuller
If you..
• Have a person in your family ever had one of
the NCDs
• Have high blood pressure
• Have high cholesterol level
• Are obese
• Are exposed to air pollution
• Have raised blood glucose level
• Are exposed to environmental factors
 CLASSIFICATION OF RISK FACTORS
•Background risk factors- age, sex, level of education
and genetic composition.
cannot be changed
• Behavioral risk factors- tobacco and alcohol use,
unhealthy diet and physical inactivity
can be modified
• Intermediate risk factors- elevated blood lipids,
diabetes, high blood pressure and overweight/obesity.
can be controlled
If major risk factors are controlled..
 Around three-quarters of heart
diseases,
 Stroke
 Type 2 diabetes
 40% of cancer
HOW TO MINIMIZE THE RISK?
 Healthy diet
 Regular exercise
 Change the environment
 Modify the habits
 Regular medical check-ups
CONCLUSION
The NCDs may not be able to cure
completely BUT can be controlled
AND are preventable through
effective interventions that tackle
risk factors
 PREVENTION
AND CONTROL
OF NCDs
 Allergy
Treatment for Allergies includes:
1. avoiding known allergens or otherwise
reducing exposure
2. steroids that modify the immune system
in general
3. medications such as antihistamines and
decongestants which reduce the symptoms
 Asthma
Treatment for Asthma includes:
1. identify and avoid what causes and
triggers asthma (allergens and irritants can
range from pollen and mold to polluted air
which can trigger asthma attacks)
2. monitor and be conscious of one’s
breathing (recognize early warnings of
impending attacks)
 Asthma
Treatment for Asthma includes:
3. identify and treat attacks early
(if condition or symptoms do not
improve seek medical help)
4. take medication prescribed by
doctors
Cardiovascular Disease
* A healthy lifestyle is the foundation for
preventing heart attacks and strokes
* Major risks factors that needed to be
monitored and changed are:
- smoking
- high blood pressure
- high level of blood cholesterol
Cardiovascular Disease
Treatment for Cardiovascular
Diseases includes:
1. reduce salt in diet to lose weight
2. exercise regularly
3. follow the prescribed drugs by the
doctors especially those with severe
hypertension
Treatment for Cardiovascular
Diseases includes:
1. Electrocardiograph (ECG)
- a delicate instrument that magnifies
impulses formed in the heart
2. Drug Therapy
* Vasodilators – improves blood flow,
thus supplying more oxygen to the heart
3. Heart Surgery
* Coronary bypass surgery -
common operation for improving
blood supply to the heart
~ Pacemaker – it supplies the
electrical stimuli needed to keep the
heart beating at the proper rate
 Cancer
Recommendation to reduce and prevent
death due to cancer:
1. Hepatitis B vaccine helps reduce
liver cancer risk
2. Human papillomavirus (HPV)
vaccine helps prevent most cervical,
vaginal and vulvar cancers.
 Cancer
Recommendation to reduce and prevent death
due to cancer:
3. Other ways to help reduce cancer are the
following:
- have regular medical checkup
- avoid tobacco
- limit alcohol use
- eating a diet rich in fruits and vegetables
- maintain a healthy weight and be physically
active
 Diabetes
Recommendation to help improve all forms of
diabetes:
1. exercise regularly to stimulate the production
of insulin by the pancreas
2. diet is important in controlling diabetes
3.AVOID FATTY FOODS. (diabetics are at high
risk of developing atherosclerosis (narrowing of the
arteries), which is aggravated by a diet high in fat
 Diabetes
Recommendation to help improve
all forms of diabetes:
4. reduce sugar intake
5. include fiber-rich food, dried
peas, beans and whole grains
 Arthritis
Recommendation to help patients with arthritis:
1. rest is necessary to reduce the inflammation
2. drugs such as aspirin, cortisone, and gold injections,
are prescribed to relieve the symptoms.
3. surgery is performed on affected joints to restore
useful motion.
4. weight control is recommended to reduce the
strain on the knees, spine and hips
 Arthritis
Recommendation to help patients with
arthritis:
5. exercise is believed to prevent arthritis
6. drug therapy is effective for gout
treatment
7. surgery is recommended for severe cases
arthritis
Kidney or Renal Failure
Recommendation to prevent the
complications of kidney failure:
1. keep the blood pressure below 130/180
2. if you have diabetes, keep your blood
sugar within a target range
3. talk with your doctor to check your blood
sugar
Kidney or Renal Failure
Recommendation to prevent the
complications of kidney failure:
4. maintain healthy weight. (this can help
you prevent other diseases such as diabetes,
high blood pressure and heart diseases.
5. control your cholesterol level
6. STOP SMOKING.
Kidney Dialysis
- a special machine to filter
harmful wastes, salt, and excess
fluid from the body.
Insulin
- used to regulate blood
sugar in the body