RELEASE MATERIALS

HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE (HYPERTENSION)

A. DEFINITION
High blood pressure or hypertension is a disorder of the blood vessel
system that is characterized by blood pressure exceeding normal. Often occurs
in middle age or older (age 45 years or more). Hypertension causes changes in
blood vessels which result in increased blood pressure.
The following is a blood pressure classification based on the number
of measurement results with tensimeter for systolic and diastolic pressure:
 Low blood pressure or hypotension: < 90/< 60 mmHg
 Normal: 90/60 – 120/80 mmHg
 Pre-hypertension: 120/80 – 140/90 mmHg
 High blood pressure or hypertension (stage 1): 140/90 – 160/100 mmHg
 High blood pressure or hypertension (stage 2): >160/ >100 mmHg
Note: - The first number (120) is systolic blood pressure, which is the pressure
when the heart beats or beats (systole). Often called upper pressure. The first
number (90) is diastolic blood pressure, which is the pressure when the heart
rests between when pumping. Often called lower pressure.
B. ETIOLOGY
There are several things that can cause a person to have high blood
pressure. There are factors that cause high blood pressure that you cannot
control. There are also things that you can control so you can deal with high
blood pressure. Some of these factors include:
1. Descendants
This factor cannot be controlled. If someone has parents or siblings who
have high blood pressure, then chances are he is suffering from greater
high blood pressure. Statistics show that the problem of high blood
pressure is higher in identical twins than for twins not identical. A study
shows that there is evidence of genes inherited for high blood pressure
problems.
2. Age
This factor cannot be controlled. Research shows that as a person's age
increases, blood pressure will increase. You cannot expect that your blood
pressure when young will be the same when you get older. But you can
control so that you don't cross the normal upper limit.
 3. Salt
This factor can be controlled. Salt can increase blood pressure quickly in
some people, especially for diabetics, people with mild hypertension, old
people, and those who are black.
4. Cholesterol
This factor can be controlled. The excess fat content in your blood can
cause cholesterol deposits in the walls of blood vessels. This can make
blood vessels narrow and consequently blood pressure will increase.
Control your cholesterol as early as possible.
5. Obesity / Obesity
This factor can be controlled. People who weigh over 30 percent of their
ideal body weight are more likely to suffer from high blood pressure.
6. Stress
This factor can be controlled. Stress and unstable emotional conditions can
also trigger high blood pressure.
7. Cigarettes
This factor can be controlled. Smoking can also increase blood pressure to
be high. Smoking habits can increase the risk of diabetes, heart attack and
stroke. Therefore, the smoking habit that continues when having high
blood pressure is a very dangerous combination that will trigger diseases
related to the heart and blood.
8. Caffeine
This factor is controlled. Caffeine found in coffee, tea or cola drinks can
cause an increase in blood pressure.
9. Alcohol
This factor can be controlled. Excessive alcohol consumption also causes
high blood pressure.
10. Lack of exercise
This factor can be controlled. Lack of exercise and movement can cause
blood pressure in the body to increase. Regular exercise can reduce your
high blood pressure but do not do strenuous exercise if you suffer from
high blood pressure.
C. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
In most sufferers, hypertension does not cause symptoms, although
inadvertently some symptoms occur together and are believed to be associated
with high blood pressure (when in fact it is not). The symptoms referred to are
headache, bleeding from the nose, dizziness, facial redness and fatigue; which
 can occur both in patients with hypertension, and in someone with normal
blood pressure.
If the hypertension is severe or chronic and not treated, the following
symptoms can occur:
1. Headache
2. Fatigue
3. Nausea
4. Vomiting
5. Shortness of breath
6. Restlessness
7. The view becomes blurred because of damage to the brain, eyes, heart and
kidneys
D. COMPLICATIONS
Complications / Dangers that can be caused in hypertension:
1. In the eye: constriction of blood vessels in the eye because cholesterol
buildup can result in retinopathy, and the effects of blurred vision.
2. At the heart: if there is vascular vasoconstriction in the long heart it can
cause weak pain in the heart, resulting in pain and even sudden death.
3. In the kidney: the vascular blood supply in the kidneys decreases causing
excessive accumulation of waste products and can cause kidney pain.
4. In the brain: if the blood flow to the brain decreases and the supply of O2
decreases can cause dizziness. If the narrowing of the arteries is severe
resulting in rupture of blood vessels in the brain (stroke)
E. MANAGEMENT
1. Food Diet
a. Salt content (Sodium / Sodium)
Someone who has high blood pressure should control themselves in
consuming salty and salt, there are some tips that can be done to
control the sodium / sodium diet:
 Don't put salt on the dining table
 Choose the amount of low sodium content when buying
 Limit consumption of meat and cheese
 Avoid salty snacks
 Reduce the use of sauces that generally have sodium content
b. Potassium / Potassium content
Potassium supplements 2-4 grams per day can help reduce blood
pressure, Potassium is generally found in some fruits and vegetables.
 Fruits and vegetables that contain potassium and are good for
consuming people with high blood pressure include watermelon,
avocado, melon, bitter melon, squash, bligo, pumpkin / pumpkin,
cucumber, aloe vera, celery, onion and garlic. In addition, foods
containing omega-3 sagat are known to be effective in helping to
reduce blood pressure (hypertension).
2. Weight loss
3. Quit smoking and alcoholic drinks
4. Regular exercise
5. Control and take medication regularly
F. PREVENTION
1. Reduce weight
2. Regular exercise such as jogging once a week
3. Changing life habits such as reducing coffee or alcohol, avoiding stress,
stopping smoking, and trying to live relaxed
4. Reduce foods with lots of salt or lots of fat
5. Regular control of the health center or other health workers.
G. TRADITIONAL TREATMENT
1. Two star fruit in grated and then squeezed the water so that it becomes one
glass of star fruit and drink it every morning.
2. 4 pieces of bay leaves + 2 cups of boiled water to 1 cup, drink 2 cups / day.
3. Eat 2 cucumbers / day.
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

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Clinical Teacher

(Ahmad Juliadi,Ns.,M.Kep)