KENTPO NEOEAAHNIKON EPEYNQN E@NIKOY IAPYMATOX EPEYNON, A AIE@ONEX ZYNEAPIO IZTOPIAL Iotoptoypapia TIS veOtEpYS xaL OUYXPOVYS EAAGSAS 1833-2002 MPAKTIKA TOMO B’ Enwpércia TIAZXAAHE M. KITPOMHAIAHE — TPIANTA@YAAOE E. SKAABENITHE Avéturo A@HNA 2004OATA KATSIAPAH-HERING ATIO TIZ «EAAHNIKES KOINOTHTES TOY EEQTEPIKOY» STHN ISTOPIOPPA®IA TOY METANASTEYTIKOY ®AINOMENOY (150¢-190¢ AI.) H penérn nov axodoubel evedoceras ory Oeuatuxt unoevéciyra: «Mercevd- arevoy xau Sizoropdn oto mhalato tov Lwvedptov yx thy axoriynon-culh- ryan Teel Thy edkqvuch oropovpxple. pers to 1833. Yxo0ére dt ot opya- varés tov Zuvedplon Eesuv sous doug xart addnroouurriipean xa Ot xa avrinapdecn f avaroryitopat or entheZay tov rico aus -yia vee nas ovv nakiorepec xan vebrepes rhaers tg Leroploypaplas, xalehe xan Weoko- yok peiuara mov avéxupay xan avaxeinrowy naré tay mopele rye eLéraays tov ronimAoxov Cyrhpatag Ts petaxtmons hady sqg Notwoaverohuche Evgeirens xan t9¢ Mixptec Aclac, orqy totapixch meplodo mov pas anaayonel Sch nou ce wi exoy:h, draws 7 onpepivh, ward thy onola ro peravaareuTixd rpbBhqua elven xan mda. xaloto Steves. Av prrodcape pe vn yadoon Tey uabquarixcy cvvéhey Ox Dempoboape dziz0 reptéyov aivoho elva to peta vaoreuriné pawvoyevo xan Eva. cre +a urcosivona: elvan aurd Tyg Stacropéc, xan pdhota Th Ypowxns TepLdSov Tov 15ov-19ov aucdve. To 1845 0 yiatebe Avaotéatog Haanartdije! Squocteve oy Budwy Yxd- pvqua loropixdy yua tov ev Bien EAnyixdy cvvovucudy. Seo chrqvuxd ruroypapela rac AnckdvBpeiac «O Nethogn tunevoray Vinduvyuc mepl ns ev AneEavdpeix Exdguxhe Kowdryroc uxt Tyg Tevet Nuvehedaews tov 18622. To 1882, we apopun tx 100 yodvia ad zyy (Bevo Tyg xowoTyTAS THC Tepydorne, e£éide 1 Stobenorh cng obvroun ushéry Baccxapevy oto xowort- x6 apyzelo’. To 1893 xvxrogopatas ary Heverla oe edquxh uetkopaon 7 uovoyeaola tov ladwov Behobdov ue ticho Baajveov opbodéEav Araneta ev 1. Trduvqua locopixéy nepl apy fc xa mposdou xan tne onueoivis aque tov ev Beer 1 EXiqnxod ovvonaquos, avroazediaabey apopur rye vewar! yevouevyc werappvl elas 05 19g exadqataatoehs nudy wovavehs exc 70 Terpdgovey, unb Avactaatoy MaxhartSou varpot, uéous tc ev Biévyy autoxparopneie cuvdidaxtoplas [...], Biévn 1845. 2. Eu6iuioe ©. Lovdoyuwns, H edqvuch xowbenra AreZavdpelac 1843-1993, ABjya 1994, 6. 13. 3. Aujynaus tay nepl cay ev Tepyéarn Bdqwochy Kowwbenra erouSaorépey avd204 Kol NIKH IZTOPIA Beverix'. To 1906-1907 0 Adywos ypuupaténs Ts xowdryras THs Tepyéorns, Mapyagtrns Kavaraveidng, Snuocteve ce awvéyerss or ny egnweptd Néx Hygox, nov exdidiray orny (Six x62, vo RpwroTuTo peksruh tov Ue Yevt- xé ththo H ev Tepyéory cddquoch Koen, ue uniné nov elye avedhaes xa anb 70 xoworrd apysto, co oxolo 0 (toc elye xarurdHer nat etye ovvrdeer nat Yerpdypapo xat&hoyo, ev roAAOLs yohotuo dg ofuepa. Axochoufodse, to 1912, 4 dxdo0n and to narpinpyix6 cumoypapelo tye AdcEdvBpeuac tov (u8Alov rou untponoAtey Acovrontheae Loppdviov Kuarpacucedy O.ev Buev- vq vade tov Aytov Tewpytou xan xowwdrns tav EAAjyev obaomavey umynd- ov), us don nau rdat xowornd apyeraxd vid. Tay (Six yoows 0 Muyachh Koiurtéyaou cémave orn Budwn, ory Yeouavuxt yhdoou, thy toropia T4¢ socknowmarixhs xowdryra6 tov Aylov Pewpylou?. H napébcon autav cov cithevdelyvet bc. ro necro eviiapépoy yi v7 uehéry tev xoWworHTaV eupo- vray and 7c auardases aurhe dype ray x20! nude ypsveow/Cenni Storici della Comu- nita GrecoOrientale dal di della sua fondazione sino all’epoca nostra, Tepyéo7n 1882. Tov 190 auchva ot ubvec yraarés évrumes minpopoples nau ruurdxpova nnyés Yia tHe KowvOrn- 85 exv6¢ Oupavnriis Autoxpacoplas fray oF TuROUEvoL xeTaoTecixal opyeviepol Kel rovpylig rove, nov auvifbnc iirav yvwatot «we Costituzioni e Capitoli #4 Privilegii/Privile- gien, uepexol éveurat xasdAoyor mov mepthauBdvovray aris BiPrLollhner tous, xaBee xa obvroua xaruararind hevroupylae rv axoneloov. 4, leadovrng Bedob8ac, Bdrfveay Opboddiay Anoneda ev Beverle. laropixdy Vréuyn~ fat. ExBoois Aevrépa, AvaBewpn felon uné tov auyypapéios, Beveria 1893. To xelyevo elye Sqnooteufict v0 1847 ara vraidind [G. Veludo, Sulla colonia greca orientale stabilia in Venezia, Cenni.... . Manoussos I. Manoussakas, “I Greci a Venezia”, I Veltro, Rivista della Civiled Italiana, 22, ry, 3-4 (Méio¢-Abyovsr0¢ 1983), 441] 5. Mapyaptens Kovaravewiding, «H ev Tepyéary edinvixh Kowdene. A’ H und tov EXivey Bpv0etox Exxanata. tov Aylou ExuplBeavac nau rng Evarryeheorrplarg xen ster Indus auriig un6 tov EraBoopbo86Eav (1751-1782). B’ H ev Tepyéarn exdyvuch edn ola vg Aylag TpidBoc xat Tov Arrlou Nuxondou xu. an xared Tov auronepahon aur ans- rreipat 1782-1888)», Néx Hudoa ap. 1671-1675, 1698-1700, 1717-1720 19/22 Aexen- Belov 1906-6/19 lavouagtov 1907, 16/29 lovvtov 1907-30 Lovaiou 1907, 26/9 NoepBplov (sic!)-17/30 NospBplov 1907]. O Koveravewidng Squocteve ro 1913 xa dp0g0 je titho GH diQore ev Méhae rms lorpline edinvch xoworns nat. 01 ev 7 mepupepela auric edn xol cuvounayol (1540-1796)n, Exxagjaracrixzds Ddooe 12 (1913), 508- 6, Leppivios Huorpardting, O ev Biéwy vads cov Aytov Pewpylou xae 9 xowdene tev EXijver oBapavey urnxdov, Anckdvdpera, ex t0v 7 apyino’ Turoypagetou, 1912 (GA. an tay avarinoen us enyshera-eranyrh tov Xapardpumous P. Xorbdxo~ hou, ABiya 1997). 7. Michail Koimzoglu, Geschichte der griechisch-orientalischen Kirchengemeinde zum heiligen Georg in Wien, Buévry 1912Onyx Kacowap8}-Hering, OL EAAHNIKES KOINOTHTES TOY EZQTEPIKOY» 225 vileran atig (ies Tig xowberyres neu and DbyyLoug éAAous avyypugele mov Zovv anig réneig mou 71g quad evoby xa or omolor anaBdkvovean, cy avdeyxg vox ypastoroviicouy abyropa h avarueink ryv iotopla Tov xowoThTOY TOUS, We reniyée non. dora apyeraxte, we épevves «cay ev Syuoolorg xan Warixole apfetors oatoutvay npwrorirey Bon Iyudrevn xan us axord (napacrheat cy tov RpAYUdTOY aahGeravn. Zuyvé ot pergrec Sqnocebovran xe oy ‘doou tov ténov érov xactomoby ot ouvedaetes TOUS, [Le aKORd THY Maxpt~ Bh» manpopdenan aARd xou yun va avouptaowy «rag Yeudels tov Surry ovyypugtoy rhnpopoplac, boxe péxpr rav xa judg rapéSeonav, & lov SiGev mpokhbewy xa cvugepsvteoy rupucuplleveecn®, Ané toug a topixots tov 19ov ardova meeto¢ o Kavoravrlves Kotuac! éxave, 0 1832, ronceovind ance ROAD Teprextind Moyo Yu Tic vedrepeEs Maomxlecn: To rng eunopiag udodag xan n pidchevbepin qudynaoay nodaots yrerpwrixoss ‘EAdyvas va anoihawar exe didgope uton tg Evpérngl...]. Ar modudvOparor aroutas xeveordOnoay eg rv Pootay [.u]° 1g ts Avarplac modade Ouyyapinds zope, Biéway xas Tepysorqy (ou). ZLeovrus 0 (Bio¢ arn Buéwy xan thy Tepyéorn propatice ver Suacxplver vig veb- tepes autés camomlecn Lu] amd rae mochoude EMAguinds arorxlac, xabess xa drat as oydoets rev etvar Sidgopor. Exetvor, drov ay amcdxouy, dterhpovy cov EdAnmxdy xopaxchon, tyv yrdooay xo 7x Hin cov, xen ca perédiSay nau e1g tous yetrovde Taw aos. Oro Se, werd thy mpdtny yevedy egpwatatnowy, eyeouavialnaxy, rrartoOyoay. ‘BBprone apopyr) va oreyparice: ty ovvifere rav Toandy otic mORet auréc vor un wirody we rar raiBid tous «ergy ypaumneny ~rdooayoll, we xvBu- 8, Bedow8oc, 6.7, 6. 9. O.m, 0.4. 10. K. M. Kotjusc, laropiat ray Avipartvoy Ipdécay and rev apzouordcay xodvey dog tov nuspiby yas, ex nadaubv anaviraletoat, xau 7a vedsrepa a aplaren Pepuavesy taropnoypdrpeoy ehevOépanc werapoaabelant, Buévvy 1832, +. 12, ¢.551-552: y1x70 werropt0~ syeapiné boo cov Koss Br. 20-7018 xainb Bifinto 7c Maria Stassinopoulou, Weltgeschichee im Denken eines griechischen Aufklirers. Konstantinos Michael Koumas als Historiograph, , Dpaxpotprn, Peter Lang, 1992. 11, Pur to Oye nov Obyer o Kobuac eb BA. Caya. Karaaedi}-Hering, «Xprarégopos Dunris. Uxdpers ya vy Bidaoxadia. rms yrdoxs», Mvjuev 12 (1989), 9-42 H (ux, «Exnaisevey ory Ataonopé. Hpac pia naiBela edinvurh i rp0c ‘Beparcela’ rng RoAUYyAWS- lacy», Neasdvixh Mawdela xa Karvovla, Mpacrind Awsbvoic Zuvedptov aprepaudvor ory wviun rou K. 0. Anpacod (Abrfva 29 Nerreufptou-In Oxrefiplou 1993), AOhve 1995, 2. 153-176.226 KGINONIKH ISTOPIA vo va exfosy and ray corhpiov uiBaréy Tyg eOmuhe undokeds twvn. De 1a ubv0 napdeypapo o Kaswac xeripeoce we apaperixd Abo va enoavice: a atria wan va, onoferhaet cvs cwarés Siaatéaeic Tov 10 abyypovs TOU peravacreutix6 pawvbuevo, yenoworoubvrae pe xpitUch andatacn évav Teaihud 690, aucby reay arcorntesy, and xpardvee tic ewouohoyines omoorde~ catc, pe TH swath aropuich Sidoracy mov tov éBive. To 1892 0 Haikog Kapont8yc, erqv lorapla tov 10’ aedvoe!2, uso ora ovpgpaTéueva yim thy «reverpaccnich rebo8o tou Eddy ynot EOvouen avage- pétay ya mpcrn pope «erg tas EXkquncte anonelacn, rie europices (...] avd ra Pawowxd rapddua cov Bukelvou xan exelbev udyps tag Méayae, ért Se ev Everia, Tepyéotn, Bidvvy, évlev wev epyatdueve mpoc tyy vwxfy evqueptay rov eOvovs, évbev de cuvredotoa: mpos usitova nveysocructy avérrutwy xa exroneriouey aurod, avrehaufdvovto eupdowc, ai’ vazyode, tov épyou rns eOvxrc avayewhaeac. To 1906, xark modtov, xan to 1916, nar Sedtepov, o Mavourjr Tededy Squo- clieve ae avvéyeres defen cov ye tithoug «Bxxknotar ev 74 Ataoropé xa «aropla and cxuBdrov. AOpospa A’ Aronan avetaroryal. Luveiroro.- Gyras and vous mpdbroug wrqy pelwow xa xarért Thy eLaodnowy eqvixcsy Twa xolvoTHTOY cyxaTteothpévey dhAoTE ev Tac weydhatc 7} pixpats mbAECe zs Eupdirns, tag Aalac, rg Auepuxien't, emyerpotoe, we Bdon BxBdoyoa- pla, apyeranés wapruplec, xacardyous awSpountdy oe BiBNa, wm mepdrn auaoyuck arcotlunen tev Mamomnidyn, mov Tie Biékpive and tT apyatec arco1- xlec, Hpdsrog aurbg Exave Moyo ya Ty asyyp0vy Staomopd, Lowe nupxovpys- og nate aed 70 oLxonpevixd mepiexduevo tov pou, dra Ox Sodus. H ambmer- pd. rov elye buns yaparipa uixe mpdrns nararypaphc weomedy upruptey. To 1912, 071626 DeBpovaplev, o Erupidav Adurpoc, xaOnyntig tatoplac z0v Tavemacnulon AOnvey, wrhopopotce toy mpuTavind tov Aovo Merldec ex THs tatoplac Tov ev 74 Ovyyupla xat Avarpla Maxedovixot EAAnvuoposl®. TlepthduBave 0° aurév cuvorrimé roug xaprote amb cae epevvyricd cack (Bier tov ota apyela r»c Avatpoouyyaplac. xo (Sto yoowxd didorqus. (xadoxalor 12, Tlabaog KapoNBne, leropla cov 10’ auehvoc, +. B' (1821) 1830-1856, Adve: 1892, @. 109-110. 13. Mavovi DeBedy, «Bxxchnala ey ry Aaonopdn, Exxknaiacrix AnfOerx éroe 26 (1906), 233-235, 248-252, 269-272 xm «leropla and onufadroy. AOporoux A’ Arouda, Excxtiqotaaree Adfbes éxog 36-37 (1916), 89-92, 97-102, 105-111, 123-127, 137-139, 147-148, 161-166, 169-172, 177-179, 14, Pededy, «Brodqatan ev rn Ainoropdo, 6.., &r0¢ 26 (1906), 232. 15. Emup(Sov Adunpoc, «LeniBec ex ryg vatoplag vou ev rq Ouyyxpla: xou Avarplor MaxeSovixot EXnucpoin, Néog Kaqvopfue8 (1911), 257-300.Onya Kaxatapdi-Hering, OL «EAAHNIKES KOINOTHTEE TOY OTEPIKOY» 227 sov 1911) elye exroxepBel nat apyela ory Podury xan Bevericr xa elye ouyxe- vrpdiae: vind ya meoaezels werérec!6. O fBiac etye Sqpooredaer byx0 myydv ov apopotce azoug Beverots moovonréc ory Hehondwyao, cuveyitovrac zo 1s t0ptoypaorx épyo zou Leopold von Raakel”. Exéheye otoy mpuravixé tov néyo ve avagecllel ubvo toy waxedavind cdhnway6 xan byt w.7. oTOV eAhqvte aud rig Beveriag, we thy mhobats xen ronimhevpn mpocpopd.. Avenodpaate, voultes, va cuvBudcouue thy exthoyh tov OSusto¢ we THY LatopUEH auYeupla ang exoyiic: to Maxcdouxé Litrnuc ‘hroc xa’ oxy évrovo thy meptado auth. Evoxyeryicd houmdy avépepe: Sxdmipov dupiva va exréeo avel navebe didov og aveexeluevov rau euod rbyou, tarégnuc eOuxdy, avagepduevoy etc lav tov mepinothfray ehagvixey yopay, a dev oxid&er wev ext tov mapdvrog n onuala r9g eAanuxhs modutelac, add ouvdéer pos nudes rapmddosoy xovvdy rapeAddy [...] erg tyv Maxedoviav's Méyox 70 1940 arrde xan werd ov Aebrepo Hayxdauio érepo, ddrwore, o1 neplaadrepes anbreipes uedtrns f date evaoyddnans ue Tov Rapouiand ehh usps Ox xpogpyovray and zo yepo rye MaxeSovlacl9 4 Ox Squocietioveav excl”, Me auré 70 Ayo cov Adumpou 7 penéry tev Cowor}tov Tou eLerepl- xob» yiveran avemelevo Taverarapianciic Speuvc vat, Or eveay/Oet Baxlu- 16. Zovonrrmés oqpendacig tov and rx railfin tov aurd SquonteWneay apybrepa, PA. «Epeuvas ev rate BuBruoPypenc xa apyetors Poync, Beverlac, Boudantoras xu Bidwag», Néos EAnvopvhpeov 17 (1923), 113-139, 369-388" 18 (1924), 48-69, 276-291, 374-382 21 (1927), 43-52, 165-178, 17. Toug rithoug wepiney amd ruc ayerinés uehéres zou BR. Olga Katsiardi-Hering, “Venezianische Karten als Grundlage der historischen Geographic des_griechischen Siedlungsraumes (Ende 17. und 18, Jhe.)”, Mitteilungen des Osterreichischen Staatsarchivs 43 (1993), wleoe 288-2098, 18. Adurpos, «EeiBeqn, 6.7, 6. 259. To andanaspa dyer extequidves 43y 4 Bashi xh BeipyylBov, Or Edaques ary Bivvy, 1780-1850, 8:8axropuch SxrpBh, laververh- uo AOnvdy, Tuhua lozoplag xox Apyauoroylac, AOjva. 2002, 0. 3. 19. @c68ep0¢ M. Nérowwac, Or Maxedévec npauyarevrddes etc ras xdpac Avorplas xae Ouyyaplag, Oeaaahovixn 1939" Vecpytog @. Avpietifc, Ae waxeBovxad xowwdenzes as Avarpoouyyaplac ent rovexoxpariac, Kotiern 1952: Andatohoc Baxahsreovos, Os Aurexopanedéves and3quat ext Tovxoxparixc, Qccaxdovben 1958. 20. Odén Fiives, Ot ‘EAAqyes 9s Ovyyaplac, Oecoahovien, Eratpela MaxeBovuedy Enovdadv/IMXA, 1965° 0 (ioc, «Anoypagéc tor EXAHyeov napotxey tov vous rye Té- carne, Maxedovixd 5 (1961), 194-241" xan dddx Appx tou (tov prroZewAGynery ae wore Myqpela MaxeSovacic lazoplac, Oea- aadovixn 1947, ye éyrpaga and va Beverind apyela nov avagepovra nau orny oLKovowtrh aropla rev eprbpeov. Bovucd nepindixd. Erlonc Kaveravelvag Mépztto:228 KOINONIKH ISTOPIA ala, ozo nedlo tov emtarnuovixos evBiapépoveoc Tay Lotopixdy. O tatoprKt- use, 7 avidyren yin Tay avathrnon tg Marhlere tov rpayydcovn elye BiadoBel arcs cous onadovc ens YepHavnhe tazoployparplas TIC KaZo- defen tov Ranke, mov umheZe and roug mpdrous epenvyyséc dAROote tov Beverixdy apyelov yux ty cuyypaph tatoplag ry¢ Medonowijaou"l, empd- xett0 va. emrnpsdoet eupaviss xan Tov toda rs katopLoypaxplace Tov TeaLpOl- widy. O Adumpos ddhaare ctye, to 1909, Sqpoesaer tov mpdozo xarékhovo xeodine and co apyeto vnc xowsryzae THe Tepysorye2. Téhog to 1919 0 Mryscha Agvdag Squosteve otyy ABiye cbvcouy werden ts tithe As edAquixad maporxlon avd tov xdauov2s. Ay dc to 1912 gyovpe tyy exdiiroon evdiagdpoveog and Thy Thevpt tov (tov co napoheav Kau To rpdto Sely wer navemarhuache evxaydanane, pery wenéry tov AgvBuec Obyo- vrata med pops o1 Sixcréaeis tov upetavastevTixobn Goxvouevou rat. y avdepuen va exopaalel 70 nodirind evrapépoy «Buk thy Bidccauy xan ere whéov evloxvaw tov anavrayos Edkyviady napowudy xa thy cEaagddtaw tov repiouctdy aurev xa Sixaeperor amb méone Eevyc exeuBdocwon?s. Seu ent udpouc xepdnata pe ta ovolx entheys va aoxohnfel, dorm xan obvrous, tov anaaxohosaay meoBrhuara apopolwoons and Tar ueydrar evince xpdern —unpos avyzavevaw av70b [rar poctxos ehrqmeauod] exc tay rapodyov Pasty yoowny Sev elvan tov mupdvros va. elmapevn2®, cuvOjnes Suoycv (tov movetaxod eddnviapos), 0 poBoc «arwhelas re Te events ovverdhacc TOARGY nau T9e KanoBaupoviac tw» oregptbe eupevdvrav erc car néerpLoor, Toy avqauyotice 0 yeyovbe 61 zx ehayvind aponetarh avaryxdeCovro voc xhel- covy (ory Paota) herlOevro anaryopeutixol neptopiopol ory SiSacxale x76 Eddqvucis Yadoous neu ate exxdnales WemeBddActo n Yphors THE pwCLXHOD. 21. Leopold von Ranke, “Zur venezianischen Geschichte”, 0 (S10¢, Gesammelte Werke, 42, Aeubia. 1878, ¢. 279-361 (“Die Venezianer in Morea”). Tix sov UrupiSava Adprpo Hat. 70 tavopLoypapInd tov épyo BA. tqy xOAS nah BSaxroorxh Sarpy Ty¢ Fotini-Efi Gazi, Spyridon Lambros (1851-1919): “Scientific” History in national perspective in nine~ teenth-century Greece, Deapevela, European University Institute, 1996. 22, EmvpiSwv Adumpoc, «Or neddixec tqs Bufrrothfpene rae ev Tepyéory EXAyvcte Kowéenzoc», Néos ENArvonvfueoy 6 (1909), 68-76. 23. Miyata AévBiac, At edAnvxal maponelar ave rov xdouoy, zrot: Ot EnAnvec ets Posie, Poypaviay, Aiyvmroy, Hvapéyac Monurelac, nou dane ev yévet rae didac yob= pas. H ekénkte auresy, 9 onuepnh rav xardoraats, 10 udinov rev, Abiva 1919. 24. O.r., 6.6. 25. O.m.,¢.19. 26. O.7.Onya Kaxowag8-Hering, OI EAAHNIKES KOINOTHTEE TOY EEOTEPIKOY 0 Avéaoyes SuoxoNles nuparnpolce xa otov chAqvoys xuplas TIS NmELpwTL- xehg Poupaviag xan mokd neptaaétepo ot Bouryapla2” To yopaxrypraciné mov avynévepeoveey o1 meres aucée verdes ‘yter Tov rapowiaxd ehaqviays propobv va enynbosy ard v7 avyxupla rng emoyife. ‘ray exoyh tie lmxhe, cropimarixfc votoptoypuping mov exityzodoe ‘ony axpipih Caverxsiewixt, ev ronrols apyeraxh, texunolman. Exinpacol~ oe, ab 77 uta, 7 replodog Tou opkusros yx THY anehev0dpucn Tov akizpO- ov eDapy chic xan n adorn vx pavoy rar weyanouprhiartar Tey exmeacvra~ ob Eaxjvey, ot onotor Sev Sposcav pov ueou ora aaguxtncd abvopa tov edknvixot xpd-rouc, whch xupleng Ee ard avtd, Kar ard Thy dAAY 1 ETOXY TOY Errovev npoBAquécoy and tous apuvrnose xan emeriote elvrcicpode Bde Ovxcy xpardy nov exeBadday ty nokiru«h Tyg Ovuxiie eLopolwrcne cov TyuGLAY TOVG, Le cuvérceLa THY ApoLolecy Ket 7 avPPLEVEa, Dpayngaiern 2000, 6, 85-94240 KOINQNIKH IZTOPIA 1 omoupevn, Tepiosdrepo oe exxdnoraarint cupppatouerail, xan udduoro erinpdrnas borepa and 71 werdgpuay Tov O! xia tay Hadad. Avahpen rou avagepbtay neptacétepe arqy eBexinch Siaoroptl2. Hpdcoc, arte apyéc tov ob ancrva, 0 Mavov4r Pededy, drag elSape, elye Syrooredcer de0pa ws tithe «Exxrqotas ev vy Atacropdn. To 1920 Squoctedovtay ae auvéyetes oto repiodiné Europela AOguay petappxcuéve. aivroua ép0ex cov Pepucvos toropinod Kaph Nefrpry, nov ta tishopopotce «O ev Ainomogs Eaqut- aude» xa avapépovray aris extéc EAAdSoc napouclec xupleac tg evpeorati- vhs nretpov. O Atovictoc Zaxufyvic, to 1971, otov mavyyupixd tov Adyo yea va 150 xpdvin and thy évapen thc EXkywxns Emaviotaons, enryerposae to avynepacys xou Thy ewovohoytnt anorimecy tiv 6pev: «'repdptog 4 aum6- Bywoc Edqnopss, EXanuopss tov EEwtepixod 4 ry¢ Ataonapde [...] 93, Tua tov ehaqous rg Siaanoptc wtie wihotice ota ereblcpa ceptvdpuk tov 0 xaOmynrhs was Bastrsioc Upupdepag vo 1971 xou aprpeove erdixd nephrato ato cuvorrind adhd weord eyyetp!dio nuvertarjurandy napaddcewv, To osyypovs uae repiodixé Journal of the Hellenic Diaspora, nou exSi8eran otic HIIA, pudokevel wedéres nov avapépovrat oe mpdcpata mpoBAhwara cov chkquopos r9¢ SixaTopce aikhd nen avy Yevixdrepy muevpaTUAy mapaLyearrh Exihvoy exrbc tov ehquindry covapan. Bivon rpogavéc, arb boa efmaue de pa, 6c 9 Lorhon tov bpov arowxlarrov amavroiice onl TpMTES penéres KoLL napéneume, mhny apécewy éreas auct) tov Kobus, oc eokoyinowc ot6- Yous yi. va. aroderyfet 1 cuvéyera tov anonacrixos mvebuatog tov EXXh- veo, eynararctplyne orn owvezere xa cvvyCovran bp0r 6m a” xowde- 26 Tov cZwrepixovclre pe to evpizepo, meplextixd meptey 6uuevo Tov cuVAoU cov eynatiorapéveoy oe Lévy roan elte we 70 nepLopicyévo cov opyawepevou diorxntmod auvddov, 4 B’ mapotutec, Rov avapepdray ato abvoho tay EARA- voy nov covanderitay chy eyxarkoraon oe pie Eévy nod. O tehevtaloc autbg b0¢ tye Schast TY ovopacta rov xan ory yevndrepn Oedpnsn Tov putvopvou, rou éytve yyeard ard tug moAAgs weréres THs Sexaertag rou 1970 61. Johannes Irmscher, “Die griechische Diaspora’ , Fossey (ex3.), Proceedings, 6.7., 7. 1,6.1. 62. Byerixde xpophquamiaybs anaozbhnas rove cupperéyovees aro Luvédero “Jewish Diaspora — Hellenic Diaspora/lovBaixeh Aconopd.— Ekaqynch Auxanopd” (Llavertariyso ‘7g Hajfa, 26 Maprlov-1 Anprlov 2001) ra Tecccrexk elvan unt &xdooy, 63. Atovieuog A. Zaxeulqvec, «O EXiyuauss rng Atnomoptien, Hapveccade 13 (1971), 390. 64, Bacthetng BA. Lepvpbepc, Ot WrAnves ent Touproxpariac (Tavervarnpiavad napadbastc), AOhva 1971, 6. 66-79., ‘nya KarowepS4-Hering, Ol EAAHNIKES KOINOTHT! TOY EEQTEPIKOY» 241 xan eEiie we maporniaxd pawwopevo. H ypjen tov dpov napowla avel rou anoula fray AuySrepo Weoroyixd poptisuévy, xa0de Sev neptelye anapat- cyte Thy éyvowe Tg povrpdry ras Kon Tov Gxorob TC oLMoVOMUAhs xuplors exuertianevene Tg euptepne Reptoyiic and Thy Theupd Tov peruxvoupe- voy TA emBoriig Tove ae weyaireee otvoha TAnDVaLOs, Gouvduevar Tov elyay Spareatlet xard v9 Sudpxeux tov evpionuixdy anonady ras vebtepns enoyhc. Avelleta, us tov 690 txpouela vooswray a1 eynatnatécetc Béveow nacolneoy xark rapaydpnen % avoyh tev piroEevobvewy xpardy, ta orale cEaxohovlotcay va Biatnpoby chy TAnBuopiaxh, omovopneh, xowevoct unepoy'f, ward on mékporxor ev rouroie exedloonay we mpovbduue, xowbenrec, vaotc, oyoete ve Siacnphcowy rHy ebvich zoe avvoy%h. H mpdrn ovvoruen, Gewprrunh mposdyyto7 tov gavopsvon éywve, to 1974, aexd cov Nixo Vupou- xn 670 BiBAlo tov To veoeAAyuixd mapowuacd purvuevol®, rov Rasileray oe tix waperorue Oedenoh cov omovouxierixod mepteyouevou xat bye oe mowroyevh épevva. Ero alvrowo aahk mepiextixd dpeo tov Xpijotov Xartquaahy «Eynopixés nupaudes nou avebdoryry EArdSo (1983)68, we co onolo autyzobveay Oéuata meptodordynons xan epunvelac, Ox avérpexav cvyyé ot tetopixol tov gauvopevou orm exdpeva yodvia. O dp0g dixoropd doyioe va xa0epdveran oie emtorqnownts perérec and Tr Sexaeria tov 197087, eve 10 1988, o70 A’ AteBvéc DuvéSpuo yt thy edknvuch Siaarops (The Hellenic Diaspora) oto Movrpedia tov Kavardé, yrx. thy mepiodo de to 1453, rout ota AOivar, 1a vy vebteoy exoyh, emezeipelro yin moden Gopt, and doo voullo, ve ypnoworcomlel o 6p0g xan yia THY EAANWXY) apYaLdtyTa xO LE cov yevixd aud titho va eLeraaBody Siaypovixd Ta paewvopeve Tyg erkquerche petaxlvnons xa eyxarkoracns oe danec pepects. Tax eraxyenyind dplpc Tov John Fossey at xuplac tav Johannes Irmscher x0 Muar LoxceAaptovs dvoryay vy ouiirqon ya to nepteyspevo xat 7H Zotar Tov bo0u, arocxen- viovrae rn pborio rou and zy toudadinh Sieropd. (Inmscher) xan enryerpes- vrug une tumohoyla tg edAqvuche Sixanogds we Siaxxpovinck edohoyunc yopaxrnprotixé (Daxerraptov). To neprexspevo tov neprscdtepay depen, 65. Nixog Wupotene, To vesedqvixd naporcuexd pauvduevo, Abfva, Eroxupbrnta, 21975. Mépoc cov fiBAlou tov elye Sypoarebees ro 1963 orn Niyypova Okuara, 66. Xpharos Xaxtnwwop, «ldpmopueds naporntec nm avetdornry Eada: epunveles, reat mpoBaiuaran, O Todlens ry, 62 (BerréuBeunc 1983), 28-34. 67. Br. reo maven 116 wveles tov deleov tov Zaxv0qvol xa tov azetuxod xeparaiov ato fifo tov Teouna. 68. Fossey (ex8.), Proceedings, 6m. 69.0.n., 7.1). 1-24.242 KOINONIKH IZTOPIA nov Basitovray a¢ ematnuovxge, rexunpiapéves apyerank xo Bip dioypa- und. épewvec, Sev exixpémet va Diapavel ura xdidreunry ovvéyeia tou pavo- uévov, unovoeiras dues wg npaypurindrata and apxeroie cuvédpouc, tov- Adproroy evra vx sperrhuara nov Oa amucyorisouv xc oto UshAov opt- opévous ueherqrés, Srov B’ ro yo, an6 ra dppx mov oto abvond rove avapd- povray ory vedre¢n emoyih, elvan oxpéc drt 0 dp0¢ yonomonorelran ya vo repiyetibet tay eyxarkaraan Tapanudy exrdc Tov ehdnixod xévtp0u 4 néreg extés vou xevepon brov xavk rheolnpla navoxotce ehhnuiy~heos- Gog Tyfuopdc. O dpoc avapépetan mie oroUs anavrayoy EAAnves xo ape. népmet oc avdhoya pavoueva (Stacropiv» dhhov uetavacteuTiney hay. O épog ddhwore exer Yonaworaryel nar ad dieWvifh meprodiicd (Diaspora) orhd xan, exdiSopevar ard BAAnves (Journal of the Hellenic Diaspora). To 1993, 070 BiBNo cov Emoxdagan rc woroplac tng veoedAnuxte Simaropde%, o I. K. Xaovdirys emyeipel ure yevoet Oedenon tov garvopévon, Biaxplvovras capes ta yapaxcapratind rn vebregns (a6 70 Lo andhver meptreou nau ec) peroxdvqens and auth tg apyalac, mpoywpdvrac ce pe Ypovohoyich xuplang zunodorla avdhoya. us va xivarea: won zie ouvOlines wetavddareuonc nad, r1¢ erl péoouc enoyéc. AEwoyel tay mhoboux cg vor" A(Sruoypaplor, yopls 7 uapkiorich apernola tov Wupotnn, adhh opadonoubyrac atciae peraxivnons, spimoug opydvmane, Siauboqmay xan rpbmoug Sterfonane eOvxhs cuveidnans, peraysipttuevos pdduota oro TeReutato xepdaato cov ticho «O anbdquoc Eaaquopsc ofucpun. Me tov ép0 arddu0g chAgmapde, nov xervt xavivee ypnoynorcorel 7 xpartt- xh Yhoou xo opohoyla, unovoosvrin Seopol obyypovev ueravaatdy mo0¢ TO evuxé xévepo xan ravc6ypova umoxgedaete tov xévepou moog aurob, Rov oTO~ yesou orny xadizeon opydveo cous, yu TH Bedtloon tov oBdy emmowver~ ving dare ve cuvenpelsat Covravh nenaph wero eOvixd xévepo, xorr’ avanoryla. ByAad4 rp0¢ tov apyato @jyow. Enedh 4 wetavdctevey tov 2008 axedyer Trept- apBdver cpxjuara wAyDuopod mou xard vy Sidpxera paxode exoy.aore napapovic tous oro ewrepiné elyay ray andeyxn h avatirnoay 7yvapayh to ekrquixos xpdrous, Deawuch 4 édhn ce Okuare exmauSeveuche op'ydvoneys Typ 70 ebvixd xévip0 urozpedlqxe 4 exeBloke va Siadpapatices zo odko covvronath» oe Carioca ronrée popes Carind yea tous pecavdares (brea ray 9 Saciienon 75 ehaqwxiic Woryeveunc, 4 diacpdhicy tov xopaarincsy Sumapdrov, 9 obvaln Siempariney cunpandy yin ry xpooracla Suzan 70. 1. K. Xaoudrns, Extaxéanon ty¢ toroplac rye veoehAnuache Siaanopds, b.. aivropn turohoyla rng veoehanvuchs Siaonopdc rupoualase xa oro: Ioannis K. Hassiotis, “Modern Greek Diaspora: Typology and Periodization”, 6.x._ | ‘Oya Karowxpd4-Hering, Ol (EAAHNIKES KOINOTHTES TOY EEQTEPIKOT» 243 udcay sav EXiivey ato ereptxé .d.). Teroun suwc meoBihuara Sev upl- oravro de chy (Bovey tov ekkyvixod xpdktouc annd xen werd, nag ro aiSdver~ po xp&roc Sev frav ce Okey va gpoveiler via Coorink auppepovea tov extdg Ennddos EXkivey’ ouyye padvora ovvéBanve to avrilero. To Sto mpoBAqua- -cuch elvar xa Lohan tov bpov WEAAqvec tov eLarepixady 7 «xowsrytes tou Ewrepmotn, Luvias yenowonorhOnxe ard tsropixobe nov éror enedieaxarv va erdtowy ric napoinles thao exrig Taw avvdpov hg OSopavehs Auro- xparoplac boo nar excbe tov mpdrrou ixpat edaqvixod xpdevous, yuae va garvel 1 avrlWeeg rp0¢ vo xEvTpO, TIpOG To KeowTepIndn, Smad mpog tov elvixd ruphya,, aveldornsa ay xarcd 7m Sudpnere r7js Oapauxiic Aucoxparoptag Sev uglozaco my. eOviné xévtp0 and vrovoetrat, and tous weheryséc, 9 Beach cOvach ovedrara. Tor 6pu wis pehérng ras auth Sev exurpérowv va zoyonn- Oodpe avaarutind we cous dpous pe Tove o7colauc o1 {Biot o1 rikpoLxot auTodLTO- xoowvrev (adehpéryra, yévoc, xowdrnra,, voc, opoyevets), raps tec evBtar~ gteovaes eonoyunés Stanrardoets arte ortoles rilavby va. novrainhyappe?!. Av dc ta udau tg Sexaetiag tov 1970 or wederes Tov ekéralay To TapoL- vaaxd gawvbpievo asyohobveay we eparhuora mov avapéoaue mo mv, 7 cout rapovardetyne perk ty Suetatopla (1967-1974). H arpogh 60qxe pert. v6 perérec tov Nuxohkou UBopeivan (1956) -yux to eundpro t7¢ Oscoa- Dovienc, to Oepedtaxd depo tov Traian Stoianovich, “The Conquering Ortho- dox Balkan Merchant” (1960), tov Bacidn Kpeupudd yux 0 eurdpvo t4¢ eho- rowigov 70 180 oudva, ahs nou. épeuves yevimdrtepa yua THY onovop.N) toropla xa thy aatixh Then, Epeuves mov npogpyovray and LotopInols Le pagkvorixé npocavaromaus. To avkavouevo SieOvede evBiapéoov yin TyY owovowue tozopla, 0: fewplec vic zo névepo nan tyy mepupgpeta”?, n arveererU- Tl. Pia pin xpdien Raparipnan ayerind ws thy ewoohoyich ckéueq vov 6pov nazione/Nation-comunith/xowéryre atay wepirtaocy t9¢ Tepyéorns, evdpeaa ave 1750- 1825, Bh. Karotapdii-Hering, Laiqvre napoucle Tepyéorye, 6.r., 6. 115-117, 151-153. 72. N. Svoronos, Le Commerce de Salonique au XVIlle siécle, Taglar 1956 (éipa xan ce eXd. wxge.)° Traian Stojanovich, “The Conquering Balkan Orthodox Merchant”, Journal of Economic History 20 (1960), 234-313 (rebpa xan oe &Xh. uxge.)° Baathns Koeppudée, To eundoro rpe [lehorowhaou oro 180 au. (1715-1821) (Me Bor va Vadhe- xed Apyela), AOjva 1972, 73. Toovnade, BEdernon xat Avanapaywyh 6... 6. 271° ov autnrhaes enenpdern- ony wieg perd ty Sqosieven cov Prov vov Immanuel Wallerstein, The Modern World System: Capitalist Agriculture and the Origins of the European WorldEconomy in the Sixteenth Century, +. 1, xa Mercantilism and the Consolidation of the European WorldEconomy, 1600-1750, Néa Ydpxn xan Aoviivo, Academic University Press, 1980" xpirint Dedenan tag ovtiirnans éxave o Vecipytog Acetic, «To xévepo, 9 mepupéperee,246 KOINONIKH IZTOPIA En tov covpxohoyixey anovday and Badxdwovg wetopixote xo Biattepa ané 7 Bouryapta”', drov adiCera: rhosowo obapanxs apyeto, xat ro evBia.- pépov, and Pouudvoug Blog tatoaix0tc’, rue , Opavxpotpry 1993, 0. 145-160° Olga Katsiardi-Hering, “Das Habsburgerreich: Anlaufpunke fiir Griechen und andere Balkanvélker im 17.-19. Jahrhundert”, Osterreichische Oschefée 38, 77. 2 (1996), 171-188. Sey cupBloay EAKhve att Bhdgqeov Oa avaxpepbel org 3i3axccopich Bavptfih tov co 1971 0 Odén Fiives ya sv xowbrara Tye Héorag ary ouyyenct ~adoos. H yepuceweh werdeppacry elvan érous eat exriCoupe va exBo0el. 88. TeopaBdrns, H SouBorr tov KAAquaciv Koworjroy rov BEwrepixos tc tov Aydva rng Eneubleplag, 6. 307-367. 89. Ané ty thobove BiBRwoypagla BA. ry pvqerddy exdooy wer ppovelda, tov Ada Spon Bpawosay rng ExpnuseiBog rc Beéwmns (1791-1797), ABhve 1995, +. 6° xox Mecbpytog Miuog, O Ediqvexde Tiras ze Biéving, aré rou 1784 eyes rau 1821, ADjva 1961. KavowapS/i-Hering, EXnvoeh napouda Tepyéorns, 6.1.6:248 KOINONIKH IZTOPIA Gbnon orgy ckéracy tov peravactevtixod garvoudvon, mov anotéhese Ste~ Oveog Eve and ca evBinpeoovre rpofshiiuara epeuvyriney mpoveaupderory. Xapis peycin xadvorépnan autij 7 gopd, xdc1 mov yapaxrnpler mp0 yooweves nepibSous Tyg eddnvexic taroptoypaplc, Dewplec mou etzay epap- poobel ce taropind napadelypara ddhav yopdy, 6rig autée my. Tov Bixrbov—-omoyeveraxdy, enrysronoiaxdy réeacay TONS Yphyopa xa oTYY acvacttyenon epupworhs aray ckéraon rng tavoplac tng eAAnuuxiig Siacropdec row pdrrora yx meprd8ouc nou Sev agopoby udvo otay npdarparn tatoploL, oad Kot orig rapouttes a6 70 180 nde x%.€. Aev apotaay mx ot Bewplec ‘sey push and pull factors, rev caree: immigrants xou dro ya thy Ehynon Tov peTavastevtixod pawvouevon, aAAd we Bho xa THe véec Oewples repl veravaoretccuy avatnrolvray ot Seoyol exrnorvaviac xar rhypoodonans avépecn ozous weravdores xan Tove aopsvovrec orny Trarpida,, 1 SucTie- on Kon cvupETOYh Tous arAL noun experdArRevay ory RAnpopbenoy. H epeuvytixt} Royuch tov Suctbov epupubalqxe nepisabrepo ‘yi mapondec ot euTroperpatind-reparauind Sixrve tov 190 andver noun ialtepa. yim TH nepioyés ov emimevtpdbvovray arts vautibuaxés exryerphacicl!. Avayrh- Oyxay on omoyeverants arpurnytnss ary Sapdpponn, eZénutn xo hertovp- yla cov emyeiphacoy pe evrovdtepo to yuaxd Blucuo rov 19ov audva. Kaw wie. dn aurla odhynae ony avivun re eLéraons tuv exvyeronuacudy Buxcboov. H veakn Syradh, aed var véhy Tov 1900 auesve, 7s eAAN VOCS O140- voplas Stes rg diacnopde ora veo uecoryerans enryerpnarind Slrcrver ect 90. BA. 1Sleag rte BiSaxropunts Btarpriéc eng Namaxeveravelvon, Hhnuxte europe xés emiyeropacic xox EerpnylBov, Or EAAqves orn Biéwa, 1780-1850, 6.x. 91. Monica Boyd, “Family and Personal Networks”, 6.x. ¢. 296-308" TLeriva Xuphous- rm, (Byrbpio xa vauriia tov 190 audve. To enzerpquacixd Bixzvo tev EXdhvey 79s Ataonogds, H ‘pucscver! pony, Mvrfueov 15 (1993), 69-127: Gelina Harlaftis, A History of Greek-owned Shipping: The making of an International Tramp Fleet in the 19th and 20ch Centuries, AovBivo 1994: A. Kitroelf, “The Greek Diaspora in the Mediterranean and the Black Sea as Seen through American Byes, 1815-1861", Sp. Vyonis (ex3.), The Greeks and the Sea, Néx Yégxen 1994’ Maria Christina Chatziioannou, “Lémigeazione commerciale greca dei secoli XVIII-XIX: una sfida imprenditoriale”, Proposte ¢ Ricerche 42 (éro¢ XXII, 1999), 22-38: Awa MavSunapd, «H Sieloduey av endnuixey enrystpnuacrixdy Buerbioy ruc wyopte 79s Auruxi)s Mecoystou: n neplrrwan 7g MaasaNn (1860-1890)», Ta loro- ud 17, xy, 33 (2000), 253-270" Ioanna Pepelasis-Minoglou, “The Greek Merchant House of the Russian Black Sea: A Nineteenth-Century Example of a Traders’ Coalition”, International Journal of maritime History X, 77. 1 (Tobvog 1998), 61-104" Toanna Pepelasis- Minoglou — Helen Louri, “Diaspora Entrepreneurial Necworks in the Black Sea and Greece, 1870-1917", The Journal of European Economic History 26, 74. \ (1997), 69-104.‘Ona Karoep3y}-Hering, Ol EAAHNIKED KOINOTHTEE TOY EEQTEPIKOY) 249 ‘7 npoordWern va. errxpuricouy % ya napapetvoy os eyphyopay péow arb ric Buvaquixés addoryéc nov Sywioupyosce c wumeptadtopoc. O ymepiadiopds elye wg ovvércia tov nepioptopd Tg oLmovopxs autoréhenae Tou eToTpa~ cinod negaralov nau auverdie avdeynate nou tous Enhnyves extysionpariec ce avarposapuoyiy tov pbdou xan tov Sixawvdéaedy tous. Nopite dri vetopta 74g Staonopéc Oa cuveyloes va. epenverren, xan TORE pévouy abun ver pdBovpe. Hdvras Sev propel, x1 evruxdde wenéres éyoov rylver f3y, or mépouxor va. eked Lovran amoxheratind wc panvduevo THs EAAYVI- whe taropioypxglac, and udoo and v7 ovpBloon ue dares pevolnprxés lows adhd Suvapixde ouddes (LépBeov, EBoatov, Appevlov oryy Keveeixh Eupes- ay, Padrov, Ayyhov, OrhavBey xd. otqy Abyurto xan akhob) orig yadoes urodoyiie, ac uroxelpeva rodttixk, oncovouind, xorveovind: tov yopoy aucdy eau byt ubvo «oe arcoxoppdyor ox6 Tov Laropind meptyups rave «opoyevelens?, 92. Mux xpden anoclunon ye syy Tepyéary Bk. Olga Katsiardi-Hering, “Griechen, Serben und Juden in Triest. Koexistenz oder Symbiose?”, Zibaldone, Zeitschrift fir italienische Kultur und Gegenwart, 15 (Mévaxyo/Zuplyn, Méig 1993), 20-31- H (Bux, “Cités-Ports de PAdriatique : coexistence ou vie en commun de leurs habitants ? Proposition de recherche”, Eeba nas Bomépta 4 (1999-2000), 9-20 Regina Nassiri, “Der ‘Itiester Handelstand — de belebende Geist und die Secle Triests (...)”, Das Teiestiner Wireschafisbiirgercum um 1900 eine Analyse von Verlassenschatsakren (Dipl. Arbeit zur Erlangung des Magistergrades an der Geisteswissenschafisfakuleét Wien), Bsdvvy 1994 2. eau sic oncdijere nov Biocrundven-n Avva MavBuraet, «EMqvnch Bixenoph xa weroptoypxgne) Bizaropd. Auadpoute, aBidtoda, exavenryhaeiey, Mvfuev 22 (2000), 244-246,Olga Katsiardi-Hering FROM THE “GREEK COMMUNITIES ABROAD” TO THE HISTORIOGRAPHY OF THE MIGRATION PROBLEM (15th-19th CENTURIES) (SUMMARY) ‘The evolution of historiographical perspectives on the Greck diaspora during the centuries of Ottoman and partly of Venetian rule is the subject of this paper. Until the beginning of the 20th century interest in a historiographical approach to the Greek diaspora emanated from Greck diaspora communities themselves, which through their various publications tried to prove their existence and their unity. Since the beginning of the 20th century, Greek national historiography has emphasized the concept of “communities of abroad”, which had expanded beyond the borders of the Ottoman Empire and especially in Central Europe (Italian Peninsula, Habsburg Empire), South Russia, Egypt, and elsewhere or, later on, beyond the borders of the first small Greek state. Emphasis has been on the role of these communities in the national question, their organisation on the model of the Greek communal system in the Ottoman empire, their contribution to Greek culture, their publishing and educational activities, assistance to the Greek Revolution of 1821, etc. Marxist historiographical trends and interest in economic history, the influence of the “Annales” school, and especially after 1974, a renewed emphasis on social history and more recently on historical anthropological methods, have led to a change of paradigm. ‘The historiographical works of this latest period, based on communal archives as well as on state and private commercial, bank, entrepreneurial archives, have showed a brighter view of Greek immigrants/emigrants not only in connection with the Greck state and culture but also from the point of view of their existence and function in the host countries, Subjects such as the commercial activities, the existence of economic as well as family networks, the problems of everyday life, the maintenance of ethnic identity or the assimilation of the Greek members of the paroikiai are some of the questions that find their answers in these recent historiographical works.