IEEE Std C57.12.

23-1992
(Revision of ANSI C57.12.23-1986)

IEEE Standard for Transformers—

Underground-Type, Self-Cooled, Single-Phase
Distribution Transformers With Separable,
Insulated, High-Voltage Connectors; High
Voltage (24 940 GrdY/14 400 V and Below) and
Low Voltage (240/120 V, 167 kVA and Smaller)

Sponsor
Transformers Committee
of the
IEEE Power Engineering Society

Approved March 19, 1992

IEEE Standard Board

Abstract: Electrical, dimensional, and mechanical characteristics and certain safety features of single-
phase, 60 Hz, mineral-oil-immersed, self-cooled, distribution transformers with separable insulated high-
voltage connectors are covered. Ratings, testing, and construction are discussed. These transformers are
generally used for step-down purposes from an underground primary cable supply and are suitable for
occasional submerged operation. The intent is to provide a basis for determining their performance,
interchangeability, and safety, and for their selection. This standard does not cover the electrical and
mechanical requirements of accessory devices that may be supplied with the transformer.
Keywords: distribution, interchangeability, performance, safety, transformers

The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.

345 East 47th Street, New York, NY 10017-2394, USA
Copyright © 1992 by
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.
All rights reserved. Published 1992
Printed in the United States of America.
ISBN 1-55937-226-5
No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without the
prior written permission of the publisher.
IEEE Standards documents are developed within the Technical Committees of the IEEE Societies and the Standards
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ii
Foreword

(This foreword is not a part of IEEE Std C57.12.23-1992, IEEE Standard for Transformers—Underground-Type, Self-Cooled,
Single-Phase Distribution Transformers With Separable, Insulated, High-Voltage Connectors; High Voltage [24 940 GrdY/14 400
V and Below] and Low Voltage [240/120 V, 167 kVA and Smaller].)

The Accredited Standards Committee on Transformers, Regulators, and Reactors, C57, has for a number of years been
developing and correlating standards on transformers and regulators. The data used in this work has been gathered
from many sources, including the standards of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers and the National
Electrical Manufacturers Association, reports of committees of the Edison Electric Institute, and others.

This standard was prepared by the Working Group of the Subcommittee on Distribution Transformers, Overhead and
Pad-Mounted, C57.12.2, and is a revision of the 1986 edition. Added to this revision are sections on storage and
installation with emphasis being placed on the actual position when stored and the consideration of the angle of tilt
when installed.

At the time of approval, the Working Group members were as follows:

Gerald A. Paiva, Chair

A. Ghafourian M. Mingoia R. Stahara

K. Hanus D. Peters J. Valdes
J. Malloy R. Scheu D. Whitley

The following persons were on the balloting committee that approved this document for submission to the IEEE
Standards Board:

E. J. Adolphson Jeffrey A. Fleeman Sheldon P. Kennedy

D. J. Allan M. Frydam James P. Kinney
Ben Allen Robert E. Gearhart Alexander D. Kline
Raymond Allustiarti Dennis W. Gerlach Egon Koenig
M. S. Altman A. A. Ghafourian J. G. Lackey
J. C. Arnold Donald A. Gillies J. P. Lazar
J. Aubin R. S. Girgis R. E. Lee
Roy Bancroft Robert L. Grubb Harold F. Light
David Barnard F. J. Gryszkiewicz S. R. Lindgren
D. L. Basel Geoff Hall L. A. Lowdermilk
W. B. Binder Kenneth Hanus Richard I. Lowe
J. V. Bonucchi Jim H. Harlow Tito Massouda
J. D. Borst Frank W. Heinrichs John W. Matthews
C. V. Brown William A. Henning Jack McGill
O. R. Compton K. R. Highton C. J. McMillen
F. W. Cook P. J. Hoefler W. J. McNutt
J. L. Corkran R. H. Hollister Sam P. Mehta
D. W. Crofts Philip H. Hopkinson C. K. Miller
John N. Davis J. W. Howard C. H. Millian
T. Diamantis Edgar Howells Matthew C. Mingoia
David H. Douglas J. Hunt Russell E. Minkwitz
R. F. Dudley Y. P. Iijima M. Mitelman
John A. Ebert Anthony J. Jonnatti Harold R. Moore
K. Edwards R. D. Jordan R. J. Musil
F. E. Elliott C. P. Kappeler William H. Mutschler
D. J. Fallon J. J. Kelly E. T. Norton
H. G. Fischer William N. Kennedy P. E. Orehek

iii
 G. A. Paiva S. D. Smith D. W. Whitley
Bipin K. Patel L. R. Smith Alan L. Wilks
Wesley F. Patterson R. J. Stahara John G. Wood
J. M. Patton W. W. Stein W. E. Wrenn
P. A. Payne L. R. Stensland Louis C. Aicher
Henry A. Pearce Frank Stevens P. L. Bellaschi
Dan Perco D. Sundin S. Bennon
D. A. Peters L. A. Swenson V. Dahinden
L. W. Pierce David S. Takach John C. Dutton
Donald W. Platts A. L. Tanton J. K. Easley
J. M. Pollitt Virginia Thenappan Sam L. Foster
C. P . Raymond Jerry C. Thompson Herman E. Gabel
Chris A. Robbins James A. Thompson C. C. Honey
R. B. Robertson Thomas P. Traub George W. Iliff
M. P. Sampat D. E. Truax Richard B. Kaufman
L. J. Savio W. Bruce Uhl L. W. Long
William E. Saxon Roy E. Uptegraff, Jr. H. B. Margolis
R. W. Scheu G. H. Vaillancourt R. A. Olsson
D. N. Sharma R. A. Veitch Steven L. Snyder
V. Shenoy Loren B. Wagenaar A. M. Teplitzky
H. J. Sim R. J. Whearty R. C. Thomas

When the IEEE Standards Board approved this standard on March 19, 1992, it had the following membership:

Marco W. Migliaro, Chair

Donald C. Loughry, Vice Chair
Andrew G. Salem, Secretary

Dennis Bodson Donald N. Heirman T. Don Michael *

Paul L. Borrill Ben C. Johnson John L. Rankine
Clyde Camp Walter J. Karplus Wallace S. Read
Donald C. Fleckenstein Ivor N. Knight Ronald H. Reimer
Jay Forster * Joseph Koepfinger * Gary S. Robinson
David F. Franklin Irving Kolodny Martin V. Schneider
Ramiro Garcia D. N. “Jim” Logothetis Terrance R. Whittemore
Thomas L. Hannan Lawrence V. McCall Donald W. Zipse

* Member Emeritus

Also included are the following nonvoting IEEE Standards Board liaisons:

Satish K. Aggarwal
James Beall
Richard B. Engelman
Stanley Warshaw

Paula M. Kelty
(IEEE Standards Department Project Editor)

iv
CLAUSE PAGE
1. Introduction .........................................................................................................................................................1

1.1 Scope.......................................................................................................................................................... 1
1.2 Purpose....................................................................................................................................................... 1
1.3 General. ...................................................................................................................................................... 1

2. References ...........................................................................................................................................................1

3. Ratings ................................................................................................................................................................2

3.1 Kilovoltampere Ratings. ............................................................................................................................ 2

3.2 Voltage Ratings and Tap Ratings............................................................................................................... 2

4. Basic Lightning Impulse Insulation Levels and Dielectric Test Levels .............................................................3

4.1 .................................................................................................................................................................... 3
4.2 .................................................................................................................................................................... 3

5. Tests ....................................................................................................................................................................3

5.1 General. ...................................................................................................................................................... 3

5.2 Dielectric Tests. ......................................................................................................................................... 3

6. Construction ........................................................................................................................................................4

6.1 General. ...................................................................................................................................................... 4

6.2 Connectors and Terminals ......................................................................................................................... 6
6.3 Instruction Nameplate ................................................................................................................................ 8
6.4 Oil Preservation.......................................................................................................................................... 8
6.5 Tanks.......................................................................................................................................................... 8
6.6 Components for Looped Primary Cable System........................................................................................ 9

7. Storage and Installation.......................................................................................................................................9

7.1 Storage ....................................................................................................................................................... 9

7.2 Installation.................................................................................................................................................. 9

v
IEEE Standard for Transformers—
Underground-Type, Self-Cooled, Single-Phase
Distribution Transformers With Separable,
Insulated, High-Voltage Connectors; High
Voltage (24 940 GrdY/14 400 V and Below) and
Low Voltage (240/120 V, 167 kVA and Smaller)

1. Introduction

1.1 Scope.

This standard is intended for use as a basis for determining performance, interchangeability, and safety of the
equipment covered, and to assist in the proper selection of such equipment.

1.2 Purpose.
This standard covers certain electrical, dimensional, and mechanical characteristics and takes into consideration
certain safety features of single-phase, 60 Hz, mineral-oil-immersed, self-cooled, distribution transformers with
separable insulated high-voltage connectors. These transformers are rated 167 kVA and smaller, with high voltages of
24 940 Grd Y/14 400 V and below for operation between one phase and grounded neutral and with low voltages of
240/120 V. These transformers are generally used for stepdown purposes from an underground primary cable supply
and are suitable for occasional submerged operation.
NOTE — Refer to latest federal regulations concerning polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) contamination in transformers.

1.3 General.
This standard does not cover the electrical and mechanical requirements of any accessory devices that may be supplied
with the transformer.

2. References

This standard shall be used in conjunction with the following publications. When these publications are superseded by
an approved revision, the revision shall apply:

Copyright © 1992 IEEE All Rights Reserved 1

IEEE Std C57.12.23-1992 IEEE STANDARD FOR TRANSFORMERS—UNDERGROUND-TYPE,

[1] ANSI C57.12.20-1988, American National Standard for Overhead-Type Distribution Transformers, 500 kVA and
Smaller: High Voltage, 34 500 Volts and Below; Low Voltage, 7970/13 800 Y Volts and Below.1
[2] ANSI C57.12.28-1988, American National Standard for Switchgear and Transformers—Pad-Mounted
Equipments—Enclosure Integrity.
[3] ANSI C57.12.70-1978 (Reaff 1987), American National Standard Terminal Markings and Connections for
Distribution and Power Transformers.
[4] ICEA S-66-524/NEMA WC7-1991, Standard for Cross-Linked-Thermosetting-Polyethylene-Insulated Wire and
Cable for the Transmission and Distribution of Electrical Energy.2
[5] IEEE Std C57.12.00-1987, IEEE Standard General Requirements for Liquid-Immersed Distribution, Power, and
Regulating Transformers (ANSI).3
[6] IEEE Std C57.12.80-1978 (Reaff 1986), IEEE Standard Terminology for Power and Distribution Transformers
(ANSI).
[7] IEEE Std C57.12.90-1987, IEEE Standard Test Code for Liquid-Immersed Distribution, Power, and Regulating
Transformers; and Guide for Short-Circuit Testing of Distribution and Power Transformers (ANSI).
[8] IEEE Std C57.91-1981 (Reaff 1991), IEEE Guide for Loading Mineral-Oil-Immersed Overhead and Pad-Mounted
Distribution Transformers Rated 500 kVA and Less with 65 °C or 65 °C Average Winding Rise (ANSI).
[9] IEEE Std 386-1985 (Reaff 1991), IEEE Standard for Separable Insulated Connectors for Power Distribution
Systems Above 600 V (ANSI).

3. Ratings

3.1 Kilovoltampere Ratings.

Kilovoltampere ratings shall be continuous and based on not exceeding an average winding temperature rise of 55 °C
and a hottest-spot temperature rise of 70 °C. The temperature rise of the insulating oil shall be measured near the top
of the tank and shall not exceed 55 °C. The transformers shall have a temperature-rise insulation system of 65 °C.

Kilovoltampere ratings shall be as follows: 25, 37-1/2, 50, 75, 100, 167

The kilovoltampere ratings for transformers conforming to this standard shall be suitable for continuous operation at
the rated kilovoltamperes, provided that the temperature of the cooling air (enclosure ambient temperature) does not
exceed 50° C and the average temperature of the cooling air does not exceed 40 °C for any 24-hour period.

3.2 Voltage Ratings and Tap Ratings

3.2.1

Voltage ratings shall be in accordance with Table 1 and 6.2.1.

3.2.2

No taps shall be provided.

1
ANSI publications are available from the Sales Department, American National Standards Institute, 11 West 42nd Street, 13th Floor, New York,
NY 10036, USA.
2ICEA/NEMA publications are available from ICEA, P.O. Box 411, South Yarmouth, MA 02664, USA, or from the National Electrical
Manufacturers Association, 2101 L St., NW, Washington, DC 20037, USA.
3
IEEE publications are available from the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Service Center, 445 Hoes Lane, P.O. Box 1331,
Piscataway, NJ 08855-1331, USA.

2 Copyright © 1992 IEEE All Rights Reserved

SELF-COOLED, SINGLE-PHASE DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMERS IEEE Std C57.12.23-1992

4. Basic Lightning Impulse Insulation Levels and Dielectric Test Levels

4.1
Basic lightning impulse insulation levels (BILs) shall be in accordance with Table 1 and 6.2.1.

4.2

Dielectric test levels shall be in accordance with the distribution levels in Section 4 of IEEE Std C57.12.00-1987 [5]4
and IEEE Std C57.12.90-1987 [7].

5. Tests

5.1 General.
Except as specified in 5.2, tests shall be performed as specified in IEEE Std C57.12.00-1987 [5] and IEEE Std
C57.12.90-1987 [7].
Table 1— Transformer and Connector High-Voltage Ratings and Electrical Characteristics
Electrical Characteristics of the
Completely Assembled High-Voltage Connectors*
Transformer High-Voltage Rating†
High-Voltage Phase-to-Ground/ 60 Hz, Dry, 1 min
Ratings BIL Phase-to-Ground Phase-to-Phase BIL Withstand
(V) (kV) (kV) (kV) (kV) (kV)
4 160 GrdY/2 400 60 8.3 8.3/14.4 95 34
8 320 GrdY/4 800 75 8.3 8.3/14.4 95 34
12 000 GrdY/6 930 95 8.3 8.3/14.4 95 34
12 470 GrdY/7 200 95 8.3 8.3/14.4 95 34
13 200 GrdY/7 620 95 8.3 8.3/14.4 95 34
13 800 GrdY/7 970 95 8.3 8.3/14.4 95 34
16 340 GrdY/9 430 95 8.3 or 15.2‡ 8.3/14.4 or 95 or 125‡ 34 or 40‡
15.2/26.3‡
22 860 Grd Y/13 200 125 15.2 15.2/26.3 125‡ 40
23 900 Grd Y/13 800 125 15.2 15.2/26.3 125 40
24 940 Grd Y/14 400 125 21.1 21.1/36.6 150 40
*. For complete connector rating, see IEEE Std 386-1985 [9].
†. Transformers are suitable for connectors with phase-to-ground or phase-to-ground/phase-to-phase high-voltage ratings as listed.
‡. The required connector rating is to be specified.

5.2 Dielectric Tests.

No applied-potential test is required on high-voltage windings of units designed for use phase to ground.

Induced-potential tests shall be performed by applying between the terminals of one winding a voltage that will
develop from the high-voltage line terminals to ground a voltage of 1000 V plus 3.46 times the rates transformer
winding voltage, but in no case shall the line-to-ground voltage developed exceed 40 000 V for 125 kV BIL. For this
test, the neutral terminal shall be grounded.

4
The numbers in brackets refer to those of the references in Section 2.

Copyright © 1992 IEEE All Rights Reserved 3

IEEE Std C57.12.23-1992 IEEE STANDARD FOR TRANSFORMERS—UNDERGROUND-TYPE,

6. Construction

6.1 General.

The transformers covered in this standard shall include high-voltage bushings and low-voltage terminals as described
in 6.2.

Devices such as switch handles, tap changers, separable connectors, and replaceable fuses, which are designed for
operation after the transformer is in place, shall be located on the transformer so that they can be operated from above
with hot-line tools.

6.1.1

Construction of the units shall be such that they can be lifted and lowered into place in a suitably designed and
constructed enclosure having a minimum diameter of 36 inches. To allow for cabling space and proper air flow for
cooling, the transformers covered by this standard shall not have overall diameters in excess of 30 inches for sizes 100
kVA and smaller, or overall diameters in excess of 33 inches for 167 kVA.

6.1.2

The transformer tank, cover, and all external appurtenances shall be of corrosion-resistant material, unless they are
otherwise rendered corrosion-resistant.

6.1.3

Corrosion-resistant base bars or other suitable means shall be provided on the transformer tank to protect the bottom
of the tank while in transit and when installed in the underground enclosure. Minimum bar height is 1.00 inch.

6.1.4

For the purpose of locating terminations and operating devices, the plan view of the transformer is divided into four
segments with the segments numbered in a clockwise direction. See Fig 1.

4 Copyright © 1992 IEEE All Rights Reserved

SELF-COOLED, SINGLE-PHASE DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMERS IEEE Std C57.12.23-1992

Figure 1— Location of High-Voltage and Low-Voltage Connectors and Terminals

Copyright © 1992 IEEE All Rights Reserved 5

IEEE Std C57.12.23-1992 IEEE STANDARD FOR TRANSFORMERS—UNDERGROUND-TYPE,

6.1.5

The lifting provisions shall be permanently attached and arranged on the tank to provide a distributive balanced lift in
a vertical direction for the completely assembled transformer; they shall be designed to provide a safety factor of 5.
This safety factor of 5 is the ratio of the ultimate stress of the material used to the working stress. The working stress
is the maximum combined stress developed in the lifting provisions by the static load of the comletely assembled
transformer.

6.2 Connectors and Terminals

6.2.1

The electrical characteristics of the completely assembled high-voltage connectors shall be as shown in Table 1. The
electrical characteristics and clearance of the completely assembled low-voltage terminals shall be as follows:

Low-voltage rating, 240/120 V

Basic lightning impulse insulation level, 30 kV
60 Hz, dry, 1 min withstand voltage, 10 kV

6.2.3

Separable insulated high-voltage connectors shall be provided for connection to the distribution system. The high-
voltage connectors shall consist of either bushing wells, bushing wells with bushing inserts, or integral bushings, as
specified. A cable accessory parking stand shall be provided. For specific details concerning high-voltage separable
connectors and cable accessory parking stands, refer to IEEE Std 386-1985 [9].

Separable insulated high-voltage connectors that are designed for operation after the transformer is in place shall be
located so that they can be operated with hot-line tools.

6.2.4

The H2 end of the high-voltage winding shall be connected to the tank internally. This connection shall be independent
of all other electrical connections.

6.2.5

Three low-voltage cable leads (six for 167 kVA) extending 14 inches above the top of the cover shall be provided and
arranged for vertical takeoff. Cable insulation shall be in accordance with ICEA S-66-524/NEMA WC7-1991 [4] or
functional equivalent for continuous operation at a minimum of 90 °C and 600 V. Cable flexibility shall be such that
bending into an arc having a radius of 12 inches can be accomplished without overstressing the low-voltage bushing.
Cable sizes shall be as follows:

kVA Rating Copper Cable Size

25 2/0 AWG
37-1/2, 50 4/0 AWG
75,100 500 kcmil
167 500 kcmil (2/terminal)

6 Copyright © 1992 IEEE All Rights Reserved

SELF-COOLED, SINGLE-PHASE DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMERS IEEE Std C57.12.23-1992

When spade terminals are specified (one per terminal), they shall be in accordance with Fig 2.

Figure 2— Spade Terminals

Copyright © 1992 IEEE All Rights Reserved 7

IEEE Std C57.12.23-1992 IEEE STANDARD FOR TRANSFORMERS—UNDERGROUND-TYPE,

6.2.6

The low-voltage neutral (X2) connection of the winding shall be made to the tank or cover. When a fully insulated terminal
is used for the low-voltage winding connection that is internally connected to the tank or cover, it shall be externally
identified as internally connected to the tank or cover at the low-voltage neutral (X2) termination. Ground connections
shall be suitably sized for the short-circuit rating of the transformer as defined in IEEE C57.12.00-1987 [5].

6.2.7

Connector and terminal designations shall be as defined in ANSI C57.12.70-1978 [3]. The high-voltage connector and
low-voltage terminal designations and locations are shown in Fig 1. The identification of the connector and terminal
connections shall be shown on the instruction nameplate.

6.2.8

The tank grounding connectors as shown in Fig 1 shall be solderless-type connectors that will accommodate AWG
conductor size No. 8 solid to No. 2 stranded.

6.3 Instruction Nameplate

6.3.1

The instruction nameplate shall be located on the transformer cover in Segment 3.

6.3.2

The nameplate shall conform to the requirements of nameplate “A” as described in IEEE Std C57.12.00-1987 [5].

6.3.3

The nameplate shall be made of corrosion-resistant material.

6.4 Oil Preservation

6.4.1

The transformer shall be of sealed-tank construction. Sealed-tank construction is construction that seals the interior of
the tank from the atmosphere, and in which the gas plus the oil volume remains constant. The transformer shall remain
effectively sealed for a top oil temperature range of −5 °C to +105 °C continuous under operating conditions as
described in IEEE Std C57.91-1981 [8]. An oil-level sight gauge shall be provided.

6.5 Tanks

6.5.1

The tank shall be of sufficient strength to withstand a static internal pressure of 7 lbf/in2 gauge without permanent
distortion and 20 lbf/in2 gauge without rupturing. A 1/2 inch or larger NPT fitting sized for specified minimum flow
rate shall be provided for the installation of a pressure-relief device.

6.5.2

The cover shall be welded in place.

8 Copyright © 1992 IEEE All Rights Reserved

SELF-COOLED, SINGLE-PHASE DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMERS IEEE Std C57.12.23-1992

6.5.3

If a handhole is required, it shall be located on the cover, be adequately sized, and be suitably located to permit
operation of the internal tap changer.

6.5.4

The completely assembled transformer enclosure shall be capable of passing the fault current tests as defined in ANSI
C57.12.20-1988 [1].

6.5.5

Tank grounding provisions shall consist of stainless steel or noncorrosive pads with a 1/2 inch-13-NC tapped hole,
7/16 inch deep, located in Segment 3, as shown in Fig 1.

6.6 Components for Looped Primary Cable System.

The minimum current-carrying capabilities of components for looped primary cable systems shall be 200 A
(continuous) and 10000 Arms symmetrical for 0.17 s (short-time current rating) for transformers with or without high-
voltage switching.

7. Storage and Installation

7.1 Storage

7.1.1

The transformer shall be stored in a vertical position and shall remain essentially in that position at all times including
transport to the site and during installation.

7.2 Installation

7.2.1

Equipment manufactured to this standard may be installed in areas where environmental and climatic conditions make
operation at varying angles of tilt from the horizontal an important consideration. Under these circumstances, the user
may wish to make a particular maximum “angle of tilt” part of their specification.

Copyright © 1992 IEEE All Rights Reserved 9