St.

Mary’s College of Baliuag

Baliuag, Bulacan
SY 2021-2022

ISO 9001:2015 Certified

Certificate No. 01 100 1534708
PAASCU Level III Accredited

Subject: Computer Grade Level: 9 Quarter: Second

Module No.: 11 – 12 Topic: Circuit – Arduino Class

I. INTRODUCTION
“Have you ever wanted to tinker with technology? Arduino exists to help creative people
and techno-beginners build projects with electronics. As a platform, it fast-tracks users to
success by helping ease the setup burden and learning curve usually associated with
electrical engineering and computer science”. An excerpt from Stem, B. (2007).
This module will help you understand what is Arduino. Specifically, this will cover the
following topics: Arduino and its working environment and how to conduct some
breadboard experiments.

II. THIS LESSON WAS MADE FOR YOU TO:

1. identify what is Arduino and its types;
2. familiarize the working environment of Arduino;
3. conduct some basic breadboard experiments to introduce the basic Arduino concepts
and workflow;
4. perform a series and parallel circuits in Arduino and breadboard;
5. create a programming code of the Arduino to test the circuits using the code block
environment.

III. DISCUSSION
A. Presentation of the Lesson:
1. Arduino and its Type

Image Source: Buy Arduino/ online from RS

Components (rs-online.com)

An Arduino is an open-source microcontroller development board. In plain

English, you can use the Arduino to read sensors and control things like motors and
lights. This allows you to upload programs to this board which can then interact with
things in the real world. With this, you can make devices that respond and react to
the world at large.
For instance, you can read a humidity sensor connected to a potted plant and
turn on an automatic watering system if it gets too dry. Or, you can make a stand-
alone chat server that is plugged into your internet router. Or, you can have it tweet
every time your cat passes through a pet door. Or, you can have it start a pot of
coffee when your alarm goes off in the morning.
The name Arduino defines several layers of your experience:
 Software - used to compose your programs and communicate with the
hardware, called an integrated development environment (Arduino IDE)
 Hardware - refers to the boards themselves (e.g. Arduino Uno)

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  Programming language - the Arduino programming language is based on C
 Trademark - Other brands may manufacture Arduino-compatible hardware,
but only some boards are official, and owning their trademark provides some
unique protections. For instance, it allows the hardware and software to
remain open source.

There are some different types of Arduinos to choose from. This is a brief
overview of some of the more common types of Arduino boards you may encounter. 

Arduino Uno
 The most common version of Arduino is the Arduino Uno. This board is what
most people are talking about when they refer to an Arduino. In the next step,
there is a more complete rundown of its features.

Arduino NG, Diecimila, and the Duemilanove (Legacy Versions)

 Legacy versions of the Arduino Uno product line consist of the NG, Diecimila,
and the Duemilanove. The important thing to note about legacy boards is that
they lack a particular feature of the Arduino Uno. Some key differences:
 The Diecimila and NG use ATMEGA168 chips (as opposed to the more
powerful ATMEGA328), Both the Diecimila and NG have a jumper next to the
USB port and require manual selection of either USB or battery power.
 The Arduino NG requires that you hold the rest button on the board for a few
seconds before uploading a program.

Arduino Mega 2560

 The Arduino Mega 2560 is the second most commonly encountered version of
the Arduino family.
 The Arduino Mega is like the Arduino Uno's beefier older brother. It boasts 256
KB of memory (8 times more than the Uno).
 It also had 54 input and output pins, 16 of which are analog pins, and 14 of which
can do PWM.
 However, all of the added functionality comes at the cost of a slightly larger
circuit board. It may make your project more powerful, but it will also make your
project larger.

Arduino Mega ADK

 This specialized version of the Arduino is an Arduino Mega that has been
specifically designed for interfacing with Android smartphones. This too is now a
legacy version.

Arduino Yun
 The Arduino Yun uses an ATMega32U4 chip instead of the ATmega328.
However, what sets it apart is the addition of the Atheros AR9331
microprocessor.
 This extra chip allows this board to run Linux in addition to the normal Arduino
operating system.
 If all of that were not enough, it also has onboard wifi capability. In other words,
you can program the board to do stuff as you would with any other Arduino, but
you can also access the Linux side of the board to connect to the internet via wifi.
 The Arduino-side and Linux-side can then easily communicate back and forth
with each other. This makes this board extremely powerful and versatile.

Arduino Nano
 If you want to go smaller than the standard Arduino board, the Arduino Nano is
for you!
 Based on a surface mount ATmega328 chip, this version of the Arduino has
been shrunk down to a small footprint capable of fitting into tight spaces.

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  It can also be inserted directly into a breadboard, making it easy to prototype
with.

Arduino LilyPad
 The LilyPad was designed for wearable and e-textile applications.
 It is intended to be sewn to fabric and connected to other sewable components
using conductive thread.
 This board requires the use of a special FTDI-USB TTL serial programming
cable.

2. Arduino Uno Features:

Some people think of the entire Arduino board as a microcontroller, but this is
inaccurate. The Arduino board is a specially designed circuit board for programming
and prototyping with Atmel microcontrollers.
The nice thing about the Arduino board is that it is relatively cheap, plugs straight
into a computer's USB port, and it is dead-simple to set up and use (compared to
other development boards).
Some of the key features of the Arduino Uno include:
 An open-source design. The advantage of it being open source is that it has
a large community of people using and troubleshooting it. This makes it easy to
find someone to help you debug your projects.
 An easy USB interface. The chip on the board plugs straight into your USB port
and registers on your computer as a virtual serial port. This allows you to
interface with it as though it were a serial device. The benefit of this setup is that
serial communication is an extremely easy (and time-tested) protocol, and USB
makes connecting it to modern computers convenient.
 Very convenient power management and built-in voltage regulation. You can
connect an external power source of up to 12v and it will regulate it to both 5v
and 3.3v. It also can be powered directly off of a USB port without any external
power.
 An easy-to-find, and dirt cheap, microcontroller "brain." The ATmega328 chip
retails for about $2.88 on Digikey. It has countless nice hardware features like
timers, PWM pins, external and internal interrupts, and multiple sleep modes.
Check out the official datasheet for more details.
 A 16mhz clock. This makes it not the speediest microcontroller around, but fast
enough for most applications.
 32 KB of flash memory for storing your code.
 13 digital pins and 6 analog pins. These pins allow you to connect external
hardware to your Arduino. These pins are key for extending the computing
capability of the Arduino into the real world. Simply plug your devices and
sensors into the sockets that correspond to each of these pins and you are good
to go.
 An ICSP connector for bypassing the USB port and interfacing the Arduino
directly as a serial device. This port is necessary to re-bootload your chip if it
corrupts and can no longer talk to your computer.
 An on-board LED is attached to digital pin 13 for fast and easy debugging of
code.
 And last, but not least, a button to reset the program on the chip.

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3. Sample Activity for Arduino in Tinkercad
Blink an LED With Arduino in Tinkercad

Image Source: Blink an LED With Arduino in

Tinkercad : 6 Steps (with Pictures) -
Instructables

Let's learn how to blink an LED (light-emitting diode) using Arduino’s digital
output. If you’re new to Arduino, this is a great place to start. We'll connect an LED to
the Arduino Uno and compose a simple program to turn the LED on and off.

Step 1: LED Resistor Circuit

 The LED’s legs are connected to two pins on the Arduino: ground and pin 13.
The component between the LED and pin 13 is a resistor, which helps limit the
current to prevent the LED from burning itself out. Without it, you’ll get a warning
that the LED might burn out soon. It doesn’t matter whether the resistor comes
before or after the LED in the circuit, or which way round it goes. The colored
stripes identify the resistor’s value, and for this circuit, anywhere from 100 ohms
to 1000 ohms will work great.

Step 2: Simple Code with Blocks

 In Tinkercad Circuits, you can easily code up your projects using blocks. Let’s go
through the simple code controlling the blink by opening the code editor (button
labeled "Code"). You can resize the code editor by clicking and dragging the left
edge.
 The code starts with two gray comment blocks, which are just notes for us
humans to read. The first blue output block sets the built-in LED HIGH, which is
Arduino’s way of describing “on.” This output command will activate a 5V signal
to anything connected to the specified pin. Next up is a yellow command block
that waits for one second, simple enough. So the program will pause while the
LED is on for one second. Next, after another comment is a blue output block to
set the LED back to LOW, or “off,” followed by another second-long pause.

Step 3: Blink Arduino Code Explained

 When the code editor is open, you can click the dropdown menu on the left and
select "Blocks + Text" to reveal the Arduino code generated by the code blocks.
All the extra symbols are part of Arduino’s syntax, but don’t be intimidated! It
takes time to learn to write proper code from scratch. We'll go through each piece
here, and you can always use the blocks for comparison as you level up.

Step 4: Use the Blink Circuit Starter

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  Grab this circuit and code combo any time using the starter available in the
components panel (dropdown menu -> Starters -> Arduino).
 For a more advanced version of this Arduino code, also check out the Blink
Without Delay starter, which uses the current time to keep track of blink intervals
instead of delay();

B. Try your new skills!

Direction: In 3- 5 sentences answer the following questions.
1. What would happen if the Cathode wire is connected to the Ground pin in Arduino?
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2. How do the features of Arduino types differ in their performance?

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C. Lesson Links
Direction: In 3- 5 sentences answer the following questions.

1. A common saying about the connection is that “a relationship in which one person
is linked or associated with another person.” Explain how this saying relates to the
function of Breadboard to Arduino
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2. How will you improve your relationships with other people?

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3. How can we strengthen our relationships in God?

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4. Have you heard the verse “ Pray without ceasing”. How can it deepen our
relationship with others and with God?

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IV. SUMMARY:
 Arduino is the best way to get started with microcontroller programming and building your
circuits that sense and react to the world around them. In this class, we'll get creative with
electronics and get comfortable with the concepts you'll use to launch your long and fruitful
Arduino journey.
 Arduino has unique features that everyone will enjoy while using and exploring its
functions like open-source design, easy USB interface, a powerful and easy-to-find
microcontroller or brain.

V. GAIN YOUR POINTS HERE!

A. Tinker This! (Hands-on Activity #2 – 20 pts.)
Direction:
 Let’s create a new Arduino Project. (Your Teacher will guide you first on how to use
and manipulate the software before you proceed in creating your Project).
 Thru TinkerCAD – Circuits environment, you will now perform a Series and Parallel
Circuits in Arduino and Breadboard, and run the project thru a code.
 Once you are done, submit your design and simulation project output (Code) to the
Aralinks.

VI. REFERENCES

Ofo, R. (2006). Intro to Arduino. Retrieved from Intro to Arduino: 15 Steps (with Pictures) -
Instructables

Stem, B. (2007). What You’ll Learn. Retrieved from What You'll Learn: 4 Steps -
Instructables

Circuits – Instructables. (2010). Retrieved from Blink an LED With Arduino in Tinkercad: 6
Steps (with Pictures) - Instructables

Prepared by:

Ms. Roxanne Cel B. Lanzon

Computer Teacher

Checked by:

Mrs. Jennifer M. Santos

IBEd Academic Coordinator

Approved by:

Mr. Perfecto T. Austria

IBEd Principal