VIII & IX - New - Screening Material

PHYSICS
1. PHYSICS FUNDAMENTAL ASSIGNMENT
1) – 3 – 5 = ……………..
2) - 5 – 3 = ……………
3) 3 – 5 = ……………
4) 5 – 3 = ……………..
5) - 2 – 1 + 4 = ……………
6) 4 – 5 – 6 = …………..
7) - 2 – 7 + 3 – 10 = …………..
8) 3 – 10 + 7 = …………….
9) 3x + 5x = ……………
10) x + x = ………..
11) x – x = ………..
12) - x – x = ……………
13) - 3x + 5x = ………….
14) - 3x - 5x = ………….
15) - 5x – 3x = ………………
16) 2x – 3x – 5x = ………….
17) 5x – 10x + 3x + 2x = ……………
18) - y – 2y – 3y = …………….
19) - y – 3y + 6y = …………….
20) 3x – 3y + 2x – 5x + 5y = ………………
21) 3x – 4y – 5y – 4x = ………………
22) - 5y – 5x – 7y – 7x = ………………
23) X + y + z – 2x – 4y + 5z = …………
24) - 5y + 3x – 4y + 3y – 2x + y = …………..
25) 3(x + y) = ………..
26) 3(x – y) = ………..
27) - 3 (x + y) = ……………
28) - 3 (x - y) = ……………
29) 2(x – y – z) = ……………..
30) - 6 (2x – 3y + 2z) = …………..
31) 6(- x – y + z) = …………
32) - 2 (- x – y – z) = …………..
33) x + 2(x – 2) – 3 (- x + 3) = …………….
34) x + 2 [3(- x + 2) + 2(2 – x) = ……………
35) x – 2 [3(- x + 2) + 2 (2 – x) ] = ……………..
1 1 1
36) If + + = 4 then x = ……
3 2 x
Dr. K.K.R GOWTHAM 123 VIII & IX SCREENING MATERIAL

x x
37) If − = 4 then x = ……..
5 6
1
38) If V = π r 2 h then h = …..
3
PTR
39) If I = then T = …..
100
PNR
40) If I = then R = ………..
100
41) If A = lb then b = ………..
42) If S = 2πrh then h = ……
43) If v = u + at then t = …….
x
44) If = −9 then x = ………
4
45) If x + 9 = 4 then x = ……….
1 1
46) If x − 1 = 2 then x = ………..
2 2
47) If 2t – 2 = 7 then t = …….
48) If v = lbh then b = ……
x
49) If = 5 then x = ………..
2
50) If 26 = 39y then y = ……..
51) If 4m – 10 = 34 then m = ……….
5 3
52) If = then x = ……..
2 x
53) If y =mx + c then C = ……….
54) If 2 ( y + 5 ) = 16 then y = ………..
x x
55) If + = 5 then x = ……..
2 3
x 2
56) If − 1 = x − 2 then x = ……….
2 3
57) If v =u + ft then f = ……..
58) If A = 2h (l +b) then l = ………
1 1 1
59) If = + then f = ………
f u v
60) If ax + b = 0 then x = ………
61) If 5t = 0 then t = …….
1 2
62) If S = ut + ft then f = ………
2

x+a 1
63) If = then x = ……..
x+b c
s
64) If R = then s = ……..
4π
l
65) If T = 2π then l = ………
g
n
66) If S = ( a + l ) then a = ………
2
d
67) If S = then t = …….
t
m
68) If P = then m = ……….
m+n
69) If V2 = u2 + 2as then u = ………..
N ( P − R)
70) If M = then R = ………
40
5
71) If C = ( F − 32 ) then F = …….
9
72) If S = ut then u = ………
n
73) If S = ⎡ 2a + ( n − 1) d ⎤⎦ then d = ………
2⎣
1
74) If A = ( a + b ) d then b = ……..
2
b+c
75) If a= then c = ……….
m
2a 3a
76) If + = …….
3 5
15 x 4
77) If − = 0 then x = ……….
4 15
78) If x = y + k which is smaller X (or) Y.
79) If 4x + 3 = 15 then x = ………
80) If 7x – 2 = 26 then x = ………..
a
81) If = 2.4 then a = ……….
4
x
82) If −15 = then x = ………..
3
3x 4
83) If = then x = …….
4 3

3x − y
84) If = 4 then x = ……….
5
85) If 5P = 30 then P = ………..
86) If 4 (1 − x ) + 3 ( 2 − x ) = −4 then x = ………
⎛ 3⎞ 1
87) If 4 ⎜ y − ⎟ = ( 2 y − 6 ) then y = ….
⎝ 4⎠ 2
x +1 x −1
88) If = = 1 then x = ……..
3 4
x x+2 x+3
89) If + + = 0 then x = ……..
4 3 2
2x +1 3
90) If = then x = ………..
7x − 2 5
1
91) If x + ( 2 + 5 x ) = 6 then x = ……
3
1 2
92) If 3x − 3 = 8 then x = ……..
3 3
x x
93) If − = 6 then x = ……..
2 3
94) If 4k -3 = - 19 then k = ……..
95) If 5p + 3 = 2p + 9 then p = …..
96) If 14 = 27 – y then y = …….
97) If 3x + 5 = 5x – 11 then x = ……..
98) If 5y + 10 = 44 – 10 then y = …….
99) If 5 ( x + 4 ) = 35 then x = ………
100) If 3 ( x − 3) = 5 ( 2 x + 1) then x = ……
101) If 2x + 7 = 49 then x = ……..

102) If 3a – 22 = 68 then a = ……..
103) If 2 ( 5 x + 4 ) = 14 then x = …………
z
104) If = −3 then z = ………….
6
x x 1
105) If + = then x = ……
2 4 8
y −1 y − 2
106) If − = 1 then y = ……….
3 4

y+2 3y − 2
107) If = 1+ then y = ………..
3 5
5y + 3 3y + 2
108) If − + 2 = 0 then y = …………
4 7
109) If 9y+5 = 15y – 1 then y = ……
110) If 6 (1-4x) + 7 ( 2+5x) = 53 then x = ……
111) If 16 ( 3x- 5 ) – 10 ( 4x-8) = 40 then x = ……
112) If 3(x+6) +2 ( x+3) = 64 then x = ……
113) If 4y+3(y-1) = 2 (3y – 4 ) then y = ……
114) If 3 ( 2-5x) – 2 ( 1-6x) = 1 then x = ……
115) If 3x + 2 ( x+2) = 20 – ( 2x – 5 ) then x = ……
3
116) If ( x − 1) = x − 3 then x = ……
4
3 x
117) If x − 1 = + 4 then x = ……
4 2
1 1
118) If x − 3 = 5 + x then x = ……
2 3
x−2 1 2x −1
119) If + = x− then x = ……
4 3 3
3x − 2 2 x + 3 7
120) If + = x + then x = ……
3 2 6
3z − 1 2 z − 10
121) If + = z + 1 then z = ……
4 3
⎛ 3x − 4 ⎞ 4 x − 27
122) If x − ⎜ 2x − ⎟= − 3 then x = ……
⎝ 7 ⎠ 3
9x + 7 ⎛ x−2⎞
123) If −⎜ x − ⎟ = 36 then x = ……
2 ⎝ 7 ⎠
124) If 0.5 x – 2.5 = 77.5 – 0. 3x then x = ……
125) If 0.5x + 0.25 x – 0.2x = x-0.9 then x = ……
126) If 1.3 t + 2.7 t = 0.5 then t = ……
127) If 0.8x + 1.25 = 2x + 0.05 then x = ……
128) If (0.3) x – 1.8 = x – 1.16 then x = ……
a
129) If = 2.4 then a = ……
4
x
130) If 0.5 x + = 0.25 x + 7 then x = ……
3
131) If 2.4 (3-x ) – 0.6 ( 2x-3) = 0 then x = ……
132) If 0.5x – ( 0.8 – 0.28 ) = 0.2 – 0.3 x then x = ……
133) If 0.75 x + 2 = 0.25 – 0.25 x then x = ……

134) If (1.2) x + 0.04 = 2x – 3.56 then x = ……
135) If 0.2 (2x-1) – 0.5 ( 3x-1 ) = 0.4 then x = ……
136) 9587 – x = 7429 – 4358 then x = ………..
137) In equation v = u + at, u = ……….
138) In equation v = u + at, a = ………
139) In equation v = u + at¸ t = ……..
PTR
140) In equation I = , P = …….
100
PTR
141) In equation I = , T = …….
100
PTR
142) In equation I = , R = …….
100
2 3
143) + = 5 then x = ………
x 2x
a 3a
144) + = 7 then b = ……….
2b b
145) 5x – 3.75 x + 2x = 4 then x ………….
146) (a + b)2 = …………
147) (a – b)2 = ……….
148) (a + 3)2 = ……….
149) (x + 4)2 = …………
150) (p –q)2 = ………….
151) ( y – 2a)2 = ………
5 2 7
152) − + = …………..
a a a
153) 3.5 y – 1.75 y = …………
154) 9 – 0.75 + 2.50 – 4.35 = …………..
155) To express x% is …………
156) To express a/b as a percent is = …………
157) To express ¼ as a percent is …………
158) Express 56% as a fraction is ………..
159) Express 0.6% as a fraction is ………….
160) Express 6% as a decimal is …………
161) The percentage of 2 in 50 is …………
162) 5% of x is ………..
163) 3% to x is ………….

3 1
164) is what part of …………
8 12
165) 100 + 50 × 2 = ………….
166) (3080 + 6160) ÷ 28 = ……………
167) 5004 ÷ 139 – 6 = ………….
168) (- 5) (4) (2) (- ½) (3/4) = ………….
11 77
169) If = then x = …………..
4 x
170) { }
If 2 − ⎡⎣ 2 − 2 − 2 ( 2 + 2 ) ⎤⎦ = …………
171) { }
If 45 − ⎡⎣ 28 − 37 − (15 − x ) ⎤⎦ = 58 then x = …………
4 + 4 ×18 − 6 − 8
172) If = ………….
123 × 6 − 146 × 5
5 8
173) If 5 − 3 − x = 1 then x = ……………..
6 9
1 1 1
174) If + + = 4 then x = ……………
3 2 x
2 5
175) ÷ = 2 then x = ……………..
3 x
176) 3 times of P is ……….
177) 5 times of q is …………
178) Half of z is ………….
179) 1/3 of P is …………..
180) 4 times of x is ……………
181) 2 times of y is …………..
182) Quatrabled of R is …………
183) a m × a n = …………….
am
184) = …………..
an
185) 22 × 23 = ………..
23
186) = …………….
22
187) 4 = …………..
188) 9 = ………….

189) x × x = ………….
190) 5 × 5 = …………….
191) The value of 19 = …………

16
192) The square root of 0.0009 = ………….
16
193) = 2 then x = ………….
x
x 13
194) If 1+ = , then x = ……………
144 12
195) The value of 2 = …………..
196) The value of 3 = …………..
−1 1 1
197) + + = 4 then x = …………..
3 2 x
1 1 1
198) − − = 4 then x = ………….
3 2 x
1 1 1
199) − + = 4 then x= ……………..
3 2 x
1 1 1
200) − − − = 4 then x = ………………
3 2 x
−x x
201) − = 7 then x = ………………
5 6
−x x
202) + = 7 then x = ……………..
5 6
203) 2 x − 5 x − 3 x + 4 x = ……………..
204) - 2P + 4P – 7P = ………………
205) 169q – 248q = ……………..
206) - v = u + at then t = …………..
207) v = u – at then a = …………..
208) v = - u – at then t = …………….
209) - v = - u – at then t = ……………
210) -x + 9 = 8 then x = ………….
211) - x – 9 = 14 then x = ……………
212) - y = - mx – c then c = …………….
213) y = - mx + c then c = …………

214) A = - 2h (l + b) then l = …………..
215) A = - 2h (l – b) then l = ……………..
216) A = 2h (l – b) then b = ……………..
1 1 1
217) =− − then f = ………… , u = …………….., v = ……………..
f u v
1 1 1
218) − = + then f = ………… , u = …………….., v = ……………..
f u v
1 1 1
219) − = − then f = ………… , u = …………….., v = ……………..
f u v
220) s is increased by 5 times then s = .…………….
221) s is increased to 5 times then s = ……………….
222) l is increase by 10% then l = ……………
223) l is increased to 10% then l = ……………
y y 1
224) − − = − then y = …………….
2 4 8
225) - 7y + 4y – 16y + 22y = ……………
2. BASIC MATHEMATICS
1. Right angled triangle : C
0
If one of the angle is 90 , then it is said to be
900
right angle triangle.
The side opposite to the 900 is called hypotenuse θ 900 -θ
A B
In the given figure AB is hypotenuse
2. Pythagoras theorem : C
In a right angle Δ sum of the squares of the sides is equal 900

to square of the hypotenuse
θ 900 -θ
A B
i. e. S2 + S2 = H2
In the given figure according to Pythagoras theorem (AC)2 + (BC)2 = (AB)2

Pythagorean triplets :
(S , S, H) = (3, 4, 5), (6, 8, 10), (5, 12, 13), (7, 24, 25), (9, 12, 15), (15, 20, 25).

3. The altitude (height) of an equilateral triangle of side ‘a’ is √3 a/2.
ABC is an equilateral triangle of side ‘a’.
ADB is a right angled triangle, then AB = a, DB = a/2 and AD is an altitude.
A
By Pythagoras theorem, AD2 +DB2 = AB2
a2 = AD2 + a2/4
a
a2 = AD2 a = AD
3 3
4 2
C D a/2 B
Hence the altitude of triangle is 3 a .
2
4. The respective ratio of sides of triangle having angles 300, 600, 900 is 1: √3: 2.
Here, AB = a ; DB = a ; AD = 3 a A
2 2
0 300
The side opposite to 30 is a .
2 a a
3
The side opposite to 600 is 3 a . 2
2 600
0
The side opposite to 90 is a . C D a/2 B
Then, DB: AD: AB = a : 3 a : a . Hence the required ratio is 1: √3: 2.

2 2
5. The respective ratio of sides of a triangle having angles 450, 450 & 900 is 1:1:√2.
Consider the isosceles right angled triangle ABC. A
Let, AB = a ; BC = a ; then 450
By Pythagoras theorem, AB2+BC2=AC2 a

2a
Hence, AC = 2a
450
Then, AB: BC: AC = a : a : 2a . Hence the required ratio is 1: 1:√2. B a C
6. The respective ratio of sides of a triangle having angles 300, 300, 1200 is 1: 1:√3.
A
Consider the triangle ABC such that AB = a ; AC = a ;
a 120 a
then AC = 3a (Try yourself!!)
∴ AB: BC: AC = a : a : 3a B 300 300

C
3a
Hence the required ratio is 1: 1: 3.

7. Similar triangles :
Two or more triangles are said to be similar if the respective angles of the Δles of the Δles are
equal or respective ratio of the sides of the triangles are constant
O
In ∠CAB = ∠RPQ = ∠OMN R
∠ABC = ∠PQR = ∠MNO C
∠BCA = ∠QRP = ∠NOM
AB BC AC
Then = = = K ( K > 0)
PQ QR PR
A B
∵ ΔABC ∼ ΔPQR ∼ ΔMNO Q
P
Eg :1 RM N
These 2 Δles are similar 900 -θ E
ΔABC ∼ ΔDEC
AB AC BC 900 -θ
= = =K
DE CD CE
C
θ θ
0
90 -θ A C D
Eg : 2
ΔABC ∼ ΔADE E
AD AE DE 900 -θ
= = =K
AB AC BC
θ
A B
D
8. Congruent Triangles :
Two or more Δles are said to be congruent if the corresponding angles are equal and the length of
the respective sides are also equal. If congruent triangles are overlap on each other with respective sides.
Eg :1 E
C
These two Δles are congruent because they are having same shape 900 -θ 900 -θ
and size and respective ratio of the sides and angles are equal
ΔABC ≅ Δ DBE
AB AC BC
= = =1 θ θ
DB DE BE A D
B B
900-θ
Eg : 2 ΔABC ≅ ΔBCD
AD AC D θ C
= =1 θ
BD DC 900-θ

F
Eg : 3 ΔABC ≅ ΔBCD ≅ ΔDEF E
θ
since corresponded angles are same 900-θ
θ
EF = BC
D 900θ-θ
AC AB
∴ = =1 θ B
CD BD C 900-θ θ
CD BD
= =1 A
DF DE
Eg : 4 In the given figure If BD = 2m Then find GB, EC, FC, AE, AB, AC, AD?
F
Sol : ΔABD ≅ ABG 0
60
∴BG = BD G
6m
300, 600, 900, BG : AB : AG = 1: 3 : 2 4m 600
4 3
2 3
300
2 : AB : 4 = 1: 3 : 2 A 300 C
B
600
AB 3 4m
= D
600
6m
4 2 8m
4 3 E
AB = ⇒ AB = 2 3 ΔABG ∼ ΔACF
2
AB BG 2 3 2 12 3
= ⇒ = ⇒ 2 3 × CF = 12 3 ⇒ CF = =6
AC CF 6 3 CF 2 3
ΔACE ≅ ΔACF ∴EC = CF
Eg : 5 If BD = 4m and BC = 6 3 m then find GB, EC, FC, AE, AB, AC, AD?
Sol : ΔABD ≅ ΔABG F
DB = GB 12m 0
60
GB = 4m G
10m
AG = AD = 8m because it is an equilateral triangle 8m 600 4m
300, 600, 900 300
A 300 C
4 : AB : 8 = 1: 3 : 2 0
B
8m 60 4m
AB 3 10m
= D
600
8 2 12m
8 3 E
AB =
2
AB = 4 3 m
ΔABG ∼ ΔACF
AB BG
=
AC CF

4 3 4
= ⇒ CF = 10m EC = CF
10 3 CF
4 × 10 3
CF =
4
GF = 12m DE = 12m
ΔACE ≅ ΔACF EC = CF
9. Square
a. all sides are equal.
b. adjacent sides are perpendicular to each other.
c. perimeter AB+BC+CD+DA=4(Length of side)=4a
d. area of the square =side x side= side2=a2
e. diagonals are bisect and perpendicular to each other.
f. length of the diagonal= a 2 + a 2 = 2a
2a a
g. half of the length of the diagonal = =
2 2
10. Rectangle
a. opposite sides are equal and parallel.
b. adjacent sides are perpendicular to each other.
c. perimeter AB+BC+CD+DA= ( l + b + l + b ) = 2 ( l + b )
d. area of the Rectangle =side x side= lxb
e. diagonals are bisect.
f. length of the diagonal= l 2 + b2
g. half of the length of the diagonal =
1
2
( l 2 + b2 )
11. Regular hexagon
a. all sides are equal in length.
b. centre is equidistance from each vertex
c. AB=BC=CD=DE=EF=FA=AO=BO=CO=DO=EO=FO=a
d. AD=BE=CF=2a
e. AC=CE=EA=BD=DF=FB= 3a
12. Cuboid of dimensions (l×b×h)

a. opposite faces are parallel and equal.
b. adjacent faces are perpendicular.
c. length of body diagonal AG=BH=EC=DF= l 2 + b2 + h2
d. length of face diagonal of faces ABCD & EFGH = l 2 + h2

e. length of face diagonal of faces AEHD & BCGF = b2 + h2
f. length of face diagonal of faces ABFE & DCGH = l 2 + b2
13. Cube of side ‘a’.

a. opposite faces are parallel and equal.
b. adjacent faces are perpendicular.
c. length of body diagonal AG=BH=EC=DF= 3a
d. length of face diagonal of any face = 2a
14. a. The diameter AB of circle having radius ‘r’ is 2r.

b. The circumference of circle having radius ‘r’ is 2π r .
22
π = or π = 3.14
7
c. The area of circle having radius ‘r’ is π r 2 .circle of radius ‘r’.

θ
d. length of the arc AC = ( 2π r ) ,Where θ is in degrees.
360
e. length of the arc AC = rθ , Where θ is in radian.
1 2
f. area of the sector OAC= r θ , Where θ is in radian.
2
1 1
15. Area of triangle = (base) height = = (b) (h)
2 2
16. Trapezoid
h a
Area = (a + b)
2 h
b
17. Parallelogram
A = bh = ab sin θ
a = side; h = height;
b = base
θ = angle between sides a and b
18. Ellipse
a 2 + b2
Circumference ≈ 2π
2
Area = πab
a = semi-major axis
b = semi-minor axis

19. Surface area of sphere = 4πR 2 (R = radius of sphere)
20. Surface area of disc = 2πR 2 (R = radius of disc)
21. Curved surface area of cylinder = 2πRL (R = radius, L= length of cylinder),
Total surface area = 2πrL + 2πr2= 2πr(L + r)
22. Lateral surface area of right cone = π r r 2 + h 2 = πrL , h = height ,L=slant length
Total surface area = π r ( r 2 + h2 + r )
4 1
23. Volume of sphere = = π R 3 = π D 3 (R= radius)
3 6
2
24. Volume of disc = πR t (R= radius , t= thickness of disc)
25. Volume of ring = 2πrA (r= radius of ring, A = area of crass section of wire)
1
24. Volume of cone = πR 2 h (h = height of cone,R = radius)
3
26. Quadratic equation: General form ax2 + bx + c = 0. x is unknown quantity .a, b and c are
numerical factors called coefficients. This equation has two roots because the highest power on x is
2
−b ± b 2 − 4ac
The roots are given by x = .
2a
If the roots are real b 2 ≥ 4ac .
If x1 and x2 are roots of ax2 + bx + c = 0 then sum of roots (x1 + x2) = – b/ a
and product of the roots (x1x2) = c/a

27. Algebraic series :
a) Arithematic series : a, a + d, a + 2d......a(n-1)d. where a is called the 1st term; d is the common
difference. The sum of the series upto n terms
n ⎡ 2a + (n −1) d ⎤⎦
Sn = ⎣
2
n (n + 1)
b) Sum of first n natural numbers 1 + 2 + 3 + ..... + n is
2
n (n + 1)(2n + 1)
c) Sum of squares of first n natural number 12 + 22 + 32 + ....+n2 =
6
2
⎡ n (n + 1)⎤
The sum of cubes of the 1st n natural numbers 13 + 23 + 33 + ....+n3 is S = ⎢ ⎥
⎢ 2 ⎥
⎣ ⎦
If the quantities increase or decrease by a constant common factor they are said to be in geometric
progression.
Geometric series : a, ar, ar2 , ar3 .......... r is called the common ratio
The sum of 1st n terms of a Geometric series
a (r n −1) a (1− r n ) a
S= for r > 1 ⇒ S= for r < 1 & S∞ = for r < 1
(r −1) (1− r ) 1− r
Harmonic series : If every three consecutive terms a, b, c have this relation

a a −b
= Then the quantities are said to be in Harmonic series
c b−c
3. KINEMATICS
HORIZONTAL MOTION
MECHANICS:
1. The branch of physics which deals with the motion of non living objects in everyday life is
called mechanics.
Kinematics: Kinematics is a branch of mechanics, which deals with the motion of a body
without taking into account the cause of motion.
Dynamics: Dynamics is a branch of mechanics which deals with the motion of bodies by taking
into account the force that caused the motion.
Statics: Statics deals with bodies at rest under the effect of different forces.
2. Frames of reference: In physics, all observations are to be made from a particular reference
frame. For the time being, just assume that a reference frame is the background from which
observations are made.
Reference point: A fixed point or a fixed object with respect to which the observations are made
is known as reference point. The reference point about which the position of the particle is
located is called origin.
3. REST, MOTION
In the universe every object moves, though some objects appear to be stationary. The terms
motion and rest are relative.
Rest: If a body does not change its position with respect to surroundings or time then the body is
said to be in the state of rest.
Motion: If a body changes its position with respect to surroundings or time then the body is said
to be in the state of motion.
Rest and motion are relative terms. A body can be at rest as well as in motion at the same time.
Example:1 Suppose A and B are two persons sitting in a moving train. If you ask person A,
whether B is moving or not, he says ‘no’. However a person C who is standing outside the train
answers the same question saying that B is moving along with the train.
Example:2 A black board appears to be at rest to a boy sitting in the class room. If he observes
the same black board from the moon, it appears to be in motion since the earth is in motion with
respect to the moon.
4. DISTANCE AND DISPLACEMENT
Path: When a particle is in motion, the smooth curve or line obtaining by joining the successive
positions is called path.
Distance: Length of actual path between initial and final positions is called distance.
Units: Its S.I is metre (m) and C.G.S is centimetre (cm)
Nature of the Quantity: It is scalar

Note: i) Distance travelled by a moving body never decreases with time.
ii) The distance travelled by the body should never be zero.
iii)If the distance covered are fairly large, it is expressed in Km(koilometre) .
iv)1Km=1000m , 1m=100cm ,1cm=10mm and 1Km=105cm
5. Displacement: The shortest straight line distance directed from initial position to final position
irrespective of the path is called displacement.
Units: Its S.I is metre (m) and C.G.S is centimetre (cm)
Nature of the Quantity: It is Vector.
Magnitude: Irrespective of the shape of the path, the length of line segment joining the initial
and the final positions of the particle gives the magnitude of the displacement.
Direction: Irrespective of the shape of the path, direction of the ray from the initial
position to the final positions of the particle gives the direction of the displacement.
E.g:1 Consider a particle moving from A to B along a curve as shown.
A B
The distance travelled is equal to the length of the curve AB, whereas the magnitude of the
displacement is equal to the length of the straight line AB and direction of displacement is from A to
B.
E.g:2 If a person walks from A to B and then from B to C as shown,
C
Distance travelled = AB + BC= 7m
( AB ) + ( BC )
2 2 5m
Displacement =AC = = 5m along AC. 4m
A B
E.g:3 : A particle moves over an arc PQ , of a circle of radius R, subtending 3m
Q
an angle θ at the centre . P
R θ R
a) Distance travelled = length of the arc PQ = Rθ O
b) Magnitude of the displacement = length of the straight line PQ
Note:
1.If a particle starts from a point and reaches the same point at the end of its journey, then
displacement is zero. However distance covered is not zero. Therefore, a particle can travel some
distance without displacement.
2. For a particle in motion, the magnitude of displacement cannot exceed the distance
displacement < distance (for curved motion).
displacement = distance (for straight line motion).
Difference between distance and displacement:
Distance Displacement
1. It is defined as the actual path 1. It is the shortest distance between
followed by a body two points between which the body
moves.
2. S.I unit of distance is meter and 2. S.I unit of distance is meter and
C.G.S unit is centimetre C.G.S unit is centimetre

3. It is a scalar quantity 3. It is a vector quantity
4. It can never be negative or zero 4. It can be negative ,zero or positive
5. Distance can be equal to or greater 5. Displacement can be equal to or
than displacement.(numerical value) less than distance.(numerical value)
6. Distance traveled is not a unique 6. Displacement is a unique path
path between two points between two points.
7. The distance between two points 7. Displacement between two points
gives full information of the type of does not give full information of the
path followed by the body. type of path followed by the body.
8. Distance never decreases with time 8. Displacement can decreases with
for a moving body and it is never be time for a moving body it can be zero.
zero.
Another classification of physical quantities:

Scalars:
physical quantities which have only magnitude but no direction are known as scalars.
Examples: distance, time, speed, area, mass …
Vectors:
The physical quantities which have both direction and magnitude obeys vector laws are known
as vectors.
Examples: displacement, velocity, acceleration, force,…
Displacement:
Displacement gives an idea about the position of the body with respect to some reference point.
It is a vector quantity.
It is represented by a directed line segment whose length is proportional to the
magnitude.
In general, displacement is defined as the shortest path between initial and
final points. N
On the Earth the directions parallel to the ground which is assumed to be
flat are called as horizontal directions. North, East, West& South directions W E
are horizontal and they are represented on paper as in adjacent figure.
The direction exactly midway between N and E is called NE.

Similarly NW, SW & SE. S
If the directions don’t fall exactly midway then they won’t be NW N

NE
represented as NE, NW, SW & SE. They are represented as
follows.
W E
SW
SE
S

Example: The direction 300 due N of E or 600 due E of N is represented as shown in
figure.
N
300 N of E
W 300 E
Speed: The distance travelled by a body in unit time is called it’s speed.
The speed can be found by dividing the distance covered by the time
in which the distance is covered. S
Speed=Distance covered by an object/Time in which the distance is covered by the

d
object. If d is the distance covered by the object in time t, such that ‘v’ is its speed, then v=
t
Units of speed: in S.I system m/sec (ms–1) and in C.G.S system cm/sec(cms–1)
Nature of the Quantity: Speed is scalar quantity as it has magnitude, but no specific direction
Note: i) If the distance covered are fairly large, the speed is expressed in km/h or kmh-1 .
5
ii) 1kmph= m/s
18
Kinds of Speed:
i) Uniform speed: When a body covers equal distances in equal intervals of time (however small
the time intervals may be), the body is said to be moving with a uniform speed.
ii) Non-Uniform speed: When a body covers unequal distances in equal intervals of time or
equal distances in unequal time intervals, then the body is said to be moving with a non uniform
speed
iii) Instantaneous speed: Speed of a particle at an instant is called instantaneous speed.
iv)Average Speed
For a particle in motion (uniform or non-uniform), the ratio of total distance travelled to the total
time of motion is called average speed.
Total distance
Average speed =
Total time
Conditions
1. If d1, d2, d3......dn are the distances travelled by a particle in the successive time intervals t1, t2,
t3......tn respectively then,
d1 + d 2 + d3 + ...... + d n
Average Speed =
t1 + t2 + t3 + ....... + tn
2. If d1, d2, d3......dn are the distances travelled by a particle with successive speeds
v1, v2, v3......vn respectively then,
d1 + d 2 + d3 + ...... + d n d + d 2 + d3 + ...... + d n
Average Speed = = 1
t1 + t2 + t3 + ....... + tn d1 d 2 d3 d
+ + + ....... + n
v1 v2 v3 vn
3. If a particle moves with successive speeds v1, v2, v3......vn for the successive time intervals t1, t2,
t3......tn respectively then,
d1 + d 2 + d3 + ...... + d n v1t1 + v2t2 + v2t2 + ...... + vntn
Average Speed = =
t1 + t2 + t3 + ....... + tn t1 + t2 + t3 + ....... + tn

Examples
1. A body travelling between two positions travels first half of the distance with speed v1 and the next
2v1v 2
half of the distance with speed v2 the average speed of total motion is (equal distances)
v1 + v 2
2. Let x be the total distance between two positions.
Let t1 be the time for first half and t2 be the time for the next half of the distance
Total distance x x 2v1v 2
Avg. speed = = = =
Total time t1 + t2 x x v1 + v 2
+
2v1 2v 2
2 1 1
Or = +
Average speed v1 v 2
Note:
1. A body is travelling between two positions A, B. It travels from A to B with speed v1 and then from
2v1v 2
B to A in the same path with speed v2. The average speed of total motion is (equal
v1 + v 2
distances)
2. A body is travelling between two positions. The total distance is divided into n equal parts. These
parts are travelled with speed v1, v2, v3.....vn respectively. The average speed of total motion is such
that
n 1 1 1 1
= + + ......... +
Average speed v1 v 2 v3 vn
3. A body travelling between two positions travels with speed v1 for time t1 and then with speed
v1t1 + v 2 t 2
v2 for time t2. For the total motion, Average Speed =
t1 + t 2
4. A body travelling between two positions travels first half of the time with speed v1 and the next half
v1 + v 2
of the time with speed v2. The average speed of total motion is (equal time intervals)
2
ODOMETER
5. Odometer of an Automobile measures the distance traveled by the vehicle .
Distance traveled by the vehicle = Final reading – initial reading of the odometer
6. Speedometer of an Automobile gives the instantaneous speed of the vehicle
• The reading of the odometer as shown in fig. is 251.9 Km

• The speedometer reading is 90 Km/H
Velocity:

The displacement of a body in unit time is called it’s Velocity.
Units of speed: : in S.I system m/sec (ms–1) and in C.G.S system cm/sec(cms–1)
Velocity has same units as speed in C.G.S as well as in S.I system
Nature of the Quantity: Velocity of body is vector quantity.
Note: i) The velocity of a body can be zero, negative or positive.
ii) The numerical value of velocity of a body can be equal to speed only if the body is moving is
moving along a straight line in the same direction.
iii) The velocity of a body can never be greater than the speed of that body
Kinds of Velocity:
i) Uniform velocity: When a body covers equal displacements in equal intervals of time in a
specified direction (however small the time intervals may be), the body is said to be moving with
a uniform velocity.
A body will have a uniform velocity only, if:
1) It covers equal displacements in equal intervals of time, i.e., the magnitude does not change.
2) Its direction remains the same.
If any of the two conditions is not fulfilled, then the body will not be moving with a
uniform velocity, but with a variable velocity.
ii) Variable Velocity: When a body covers unequal distances in equal intervals of time in a
specified direction or equal distances in equal intervals of time ,but its direction changes, then
body is said to be moving with a variable velocity.
Note : The displacement variation may be due to change in magnitude or change in direction of
motion or both.
iii)Instantaneous velocity: velocity of a body at an instant is called instantaneous velocity.
* Its S.I unit is m/s
* It is a vector. Its direction is tangential to the path at that instant.
vB •
B vA vA
•A
C • •A • vB
B
vC •D vD
Note: # Direction of instantaneous velocity is called the direction of motion at that instant
# The magnitude of velocity = speed.
iv) Average velocity: It is the ratio of total displacement to total time taken.
Average velocity = v =Total displacement / Total time taken
s
v= or s = v t
t
* Its S.I unit is m/s
* It is a vector. Its direction is equal to the direction of the total displacement or resultant
displacement.
E.g:1 Consider a particle moving from A to B along a curve as shown in time t, then

A B
Total distance length of the curve AB
The average speed = =
Total time t
Total displacement length of the straight line AB

The magnitude of average velocity = =
Total time t
E.g:2 If a person walks from A to B and then from B to C in time t as shown, C
Total distance AB + BC
The average speed = = 5m
Total time t 4m
A B
3m
The magnitude of average velocity
( AB ) + ( BC )
2 2
Total displacement AC
= = =
Total time t t
E.g:3 : A particle moves over an arc PQ , of a circle of radius R, subtending
Q
an angle θ at the centre in time t, then P
θ
Total distance length of the arc PQ Rθ R R
The average speed = = = O
Total time t t
The magnitude of average velocity
Total displacement length of the straight line PQ
= =
Total time t
Note:
1. For a particle in motion, the magnitude of displacement cannot exceed the distance
displacement distance
<
t t
Average velocity < average speed(for curved motion).

displacement distance
=
t t
Average velocity =average speed (for straight line motion).
2. It is possible to have a body with average velocity zero but not with average speed
3. The magnitude of average velocity = average speed when the body moves in a straight line in
the same direction.
4. A particle travelling between two positions A, B travels from A to B with velocity v1 and returns
from B to A with velocity v2. Now average velocity of total motion is zero since the net
displacement of the particle is zero.
5. In variable motion, the average velocity depends on the interval of the time during which the
velocity is calculated.

6. In uniform motion, the average velocity is a constant and is same for all the intervals of
time during which the value is calculated.
7. In uniform motion, the instantaneous velocity of a body is equal to the average velocity.
Acceleration:
The rate of change of velocity is known as acceleration or the change in velocity in unit time.
Velocity (vector) is associated with direction and magnitude. It is in the direction of change in
velocity. S.I. Unit is ms–2
There will be change in the velocity if either one or both of these change.
Example1: Body moving in a straight path with constant speed.
Direction is constant, Magnitude is constant
⇒ Velocity is constant hence Acceleration is zero.
Example2: Body moving in a straight path with varying speed.
Direction is constant,
Magnitude changes ⇒ Velocity changes and hence Acceleration is non-zero.
Example3: Body moving in a curved path with constant speed.
Magnitude is constant;
Direction changes ⇒ Velocity changes and hence Acceleration is non-zero.
Example 4 : For a stone whirled in a horizontal circle with constant speed, the acceleration is due to
change in direction of velocity.
Example5: Body moving in a curved path with varying speed.
Direction changes, Magnitude changes
⇒ Velocity changes hence Acceleration is non-zero.
‘Acceleration is the rate of change of speed when the body moves along a straight path.’
[Speed = magnitude of velocity]
Consider a body moving along a straight line whose velocity changes uniformly from u to v in
time t.
Initial velocity = u, Final velocity = v &Time = t
By definition, Acceleration = v − u
t
v−u ⇒ v = u + at
a=
t
Deceleration/Negative acceleration/Retardation:
When a body is moving with decreasing speed then it is said to be retarding or decelerating.
Note:
1. The acceleration of a moving particle may be positive or negative. If the speed of particle is
increasing with time then acceleration is positive and if the speed is decreasing with time then
acceleration is negative.
2. For positive acceleration the velocity and acceleration are in the same direction. But for
negative acceleration, the velocity and acceleration are opposite.
3. A body can have zero velocity and non zero acceleration.

4. A body can have non zero velocity and zero acceleration.
5. A body can have constant speed and changing velocity.
6. A body cannot have constant velocity and changing speed.
Average Acceleration : = Total change in velocity
total time
Instantaneous Acceleration:
The acceleration of a particle at a particular instant of time is called it’s instantaneous
acceleration.
Uniform Acceleration:
If the average acceleration over any time interval equals the instantaneous acceleration at
any instant of time then the acceleration is said to be uniform or constant. It does not vary with
time. The velocity either increases or decreases at the same rate throughout the motion.
Displacement covered by a body:
Consider a body whose velocity changes from ‘u’ to ‘v’ in time‘t’ because of uniform
acceleration ‘a’. Let ‘S’ be the displacement travelled in this time.
Displaceme nt = V avg × t u+v
S= ×t
2
Equations Of Motion of a body moving with uniform acceleration:

v = u + at ………………. (1)
u+v
S= × t .…………...…. (2)
2
Substituting v=u+ at in Equation (2), we get
u + u + at
S = ×t
2
1 2
S = ut + at ………………. (3)
2
Substituting u = v − at in Equation (2), we get
v − at + v 1 2
S = ×t ⇒ S = vt − at ………………. (4)
2 2
v−u
Substituting t = in Equation (2), we get
a
u+ v v−u
S= ×
2 a
v 2− u 2
⇒ v − u = 2aS …………………. (5)
2 2
S=
2a
A Quick Glance Of
Equations Of Motion v = u + at

⎛u+v⎞
S = v av × t = ⎜ ⎟×t
⎝ 2 ⎠
1
S = ut + at 2
2
1 2
S = vt − at
2
v 2 − u 2 = 2aS
Distance travelled during nth second:
Let a body moves with constant acceleration ‘a’ along a straight line.
Let ‘u’ be the initial velocity of the body
Then the distance travelled in nth second is Sn.
Sn = Vavg during nth second X time
u + a ( n − 1) + u + a ( n )
Sn = ×1 s
2
2u + a ( 2 n − 1)
Sn =
2
1
Sn = u + a(n − )
2
Alternative Proof:
Let S1 be the distance travelled in ‘n’ seconds.
1
S (n) = u n + an 2 ;
2
Let S2 be the distance travelled in ‘n-1’seconds.
1
S 2 = u ( n − 1) + a ( n − 1) 2 ;
2
Then ,distance travelled during nth second
S n = S1 − S 2
⎡ 1 ⎤ ⎡ 1 ⎤
S n = ⎢u n + an 2 ⎥ − ⎢u ( n − 1) + a ( n − 1) 2 ⎥ ;
⎣ 2 ⎦ ⎣ 2 ⎦
1
S n = u + a(n − )
2
NOTE:
1. For a particle starting from rest and travelling with uniform acceleration along a straight line.
i) V = at or V t
ii) S = 1/2 at2 (or) S α t2
iii)V2 = 2as (or) V α s
⎛ 1⎞
iv ) sn = a ⎜ n − ⎟ or sn ∝ ( 2n − 1)
⎝ 2⎠
2. For a particle moving with uniform velocity, its acceleration is zero (a = 0)
S = ut or Sα t
3. For a particle moving with uniform retardation along a straight line distance travelled before
coming to rest (V=0) is

u2
S= ∴ S α u2
2a
4. If a particle starts from rest and moves with uniform acceleration 'a' such that it travels distances sm
and sn in the mth and nth sec then
sm − sn
a=
m−n
5. A particle starts from rest and moves along a straight line with uniform acceleration. If’s’ is the
distance travelled in n seconds and sn is the distance travelled in the nth second then
sn ( 2n − 1)
=
s n2

Level - I
1. If distance covered by a particle is zero, what can you say about its displacement?
1) it may or may not be zero 2) it cannot be zero
3) it is negative 4) it must be zero
2. The numerical value of the ratio of displacement to distance is
1) Always less than one 2) always equal to one
3) always more than one 4) may be less than one or equal to one
3. The location of particle has changed. What can we say about the displacement and the distance
covered by the particle
1) neither can be zero 2) one may be zero 3) both may be zero
4) one is +ve other is –ve and vice verse
4. Consider the motion of the tip of the minute hand of a clock .In one hour
a) the displacement is zero b)the distance covered is zero
1) a &b are correct 2) a &b are not correct
3) only a is correct 4)only b is correct
5. The numerical value of the ratio of average velocity to average speed is
1) Always less than one 2) always equal to one
3) always more than one 4) equal to or less than one
6. Consider the motion of the tip of the minute hand of a clock .In one hour
a) the average velocity is zero b)the the average speed is zero
1) a &b are correct 2) a &b are not correct
3) only a is correct 4)only b is correct
7. The average speed of a moving object during a given interval of time is always
1) The magnitude of its average velocity over the interval
2) one half its speed at the end of the interval
3) distance covered during the time interval divided by the time interval
4) its acceleration multiplied by the time interval
8. For a particle moving along a straight line, mark the correct statement
1) Average speed is always equal to magnitude of average velocity measured for a
particular time interval.
2) particle is always speeding up
3) distance traveled by particle is always equal to magnitude of displacement
4) instantaneous speed is always equal to magnitude of instantaneous velocity.
9. A particle is moving on the x-axis. When the x component of its acceleration is positive and
increasing.
1) x- component of its velocity must be positive
2) x- component of its velocity must be negative
3) it may be speeding up 4) it must be slowing down
10. A particle is moving along a curved path with constant speed then
1) velocity of particle is constant 2) acceleration of particle is zero
3) acceleration of particle is non-zero 4) none of these
11. The acceleration of a body has the direction of
1)displacement 2)velocity 3)change in velocity 4)none of these
12. Which of the following decreases in motion along straight line with constant retardation
1)speed 2)acceleration 3)displacement 4)none of these
13. Which of the following statements is true?
1)The direction of velocity of a body can change when its acceleration is constant
2)The direction of velocity of a body cannot change when its acceleration is constant
3)The direction of velocity cannot change if the body is subjected to acceleration
4)None

14. A particle has a velocity u towards east at t = 0. Its acceleration is towards west and is common
constant. Let x A and xB be the magnitudes of displacement in the first 10 seconds and the next
10 seconds then
1) x A < xB 2) x A = xB
3) x A > xB 4) The information is insufficient to decide the relation of x A with xB
15. A motor car is going due north at a speed of 50 km/h. It makes a 90° left turn without
changing the speed. The change in the velocity of the car is about
1) 50 km/h towards west 2) 70 km/h towards south-west
3) 70 km/h towards north-west 4) zero.
16. A person travelling on a straight line moves with a uniform velocity v1 for some time and
with uniform velocity v2 for the next equal time. The average velocity v
is given by
v1 + v2 2 1 1 1 1 1
1) v = 2) v = v1v2 3) = + 4) = +
2 v v1 v2 v v1 v2
17. A person travelling on a straight line moves with a uniform velocity v1 for a distance x and
with a uniform velocity v2 for the next equal distance. The average velocity v is given by
v1 + v2 2 1 1 1 1 1
1) v = 2) v = v1v2 *3) = + 4) = +
2 v v1 v2 v v1 v2
18. The accelerations of a particle as seen from two frames S1 and S2 have equal magnitude 4 m/s2.
1) The frames must be at rest with respect to each other.
2) The frames may be moving with respect to each other but neither should be accelerated
with respect to the other.
3) The acceleration of S2 with respect to S1 may either be zero or 8 m/s 2.
4) The acceleration of S2 with respect to S1 may be any thing between zero and 8 m/s2
KEY
1) 4 2) 4 3) 1 4) 3 5) 4 6) 3 7) 3 8) 4 9) 3 10) 3
11) 3 12) 1 13) 1 14) 4 15) 2 16) 1 17) 1 18) 4
LEVEL – II
N
I DISTANCE AND DISPLACEMENT
1. The direction represented in the figure is W E
1) 300 due S of E 2) 3300 due S of E 300
0
3) 60 due S of E 4) 300 due E of S
N S
2. The direction represented in the figure is 450 E

W
1) 1350 due S of E 2) NW
3) 2250 due N of E 4) 450 due N of E
S
3. A boy moves 3km along a straight line and then takes a left turn through 900 and
moves for another 4km. Find the magnitude of displacement.
1) 7 km 2) 4 km 3) 3 km 4) 5 km

4. A boy moves 10m 300 N of E, 10m due south and then 10m 300 N of W. Find the
magnitude of displacement of the boy.
1) 30 m 2) 20 m 3) 10 m 4) zero
H 20 m T
5. A boy starts from P and reaches S along the path PATHS as
shown in figure. The distance and the magnitude of 5m
displacement of the boy is S 20 m
1) 85 m, 25m 2) 85m , 60 m
3) 65m, 25 m 4) 85 m, 15 m
P 40 m A
6*. Find the magnitude of displacement (every unit is in

‘m’). of the particle which is moving from A to B. 27
9 B
15 3
1) 17 m 2) 25 m 60
3) 13 m 4) 26 m A
70
30
65
7. A particle starts from the origin o goes along the X-axis
44
to the point A (40m,0) and then return along the same 32
95 13
line to the point B(-40m,0).find the distance and
displacement of the particle during the trip. B(-40m,0) o A(40m,0)
1) 120 m,-40m 2) 80m,40m 3) 120m,40m 4) 80,120m
8. A body is projected upwards reaches the max height 40 m and it returns to the initial position.
Then distance and displacement of the body are
1) 20m, 20m 2) 0, 40m 3) 80m, 0 4) 0m, 0
9. A particle is displaced 3m towards East, 4m towards North and then 5m vertically upwards. Find
the displacement of the particle from the initial position.
1) 5 m 2) 5 2 m 3) 5 3 m 4) zero
10. A man walks 4m towards East and then turns 600 to his left and again walks for 4m . Calculate
the net displacement.
1) 38 m 2) 42 m 3) 48 m 4) 66 m
11. A boy moves 10km eastwards, 5km northwards and then 2km eastwards. The distance and
magnitude of displacement of the boy is
1) 17km, 17km 2) 17km, zero 3) 13km, 13km 4) 17km, 13km
12. A man has to go 50 m due north, 40 m due east and 20 m due south to reach a field. What
distance he has to walk to reach the field and what is his the magnitude of displacement from
his house o the field ?
1) 110 m, 50m 2) 110m, 25m 3) 110m, 15m 4) none of these
13*. A drunkard takes a stride of 0.75m in the forward direction and 0.25m in the reverse direction
alternatively. The distance and displacement covered by him at the end of 100 consecutive pair of
steps are
1) 50m,100m in the forward direction , 2) 100m,50m in the forward direction
3) 50m,100m in the reverse direction , 4) 100m,50m in the reverse direction
14*. A boy moves 4 m towards east then turns left by 135° and travels for 2 2 m. From there he
takes 90° right turn and moves for about 2 2 m. After that he travels 8 m towards east and then
1 m towards north. Find magnitude of displacement of boy.

1) 13m 2) 17 m 3) 20 2 m 4)18 2 m B
15*. A body moving along a circular path of radius 21m describes an angle 120°
of 120° at the centre of the circle while moving from A to B. Find the A
distance and displacement of the body.
1) 44m, 21m 2) 44m, 21 3m 3) 22m, 21 3m 4) 42m, 21m
16*. ‘A’ is a point on a wheel rolling on a horizontal road. The radius of the wheel is R> Initially the
point A is in contact with the ground. The wheel rolls through half the revolution. The
displacement of point ‘A’ is
1) πR 2) 2πR 3) ( )
π 2 +1 R 4) ( π2 +4 R )
KEY
1) 1 2) 2 3) 4 4) 4 5) 1 6) 2 7) 1 8) 3 9) 2 10) 2
11) 4 12) 1 13) 2 14) 1 15) 2 16) 4
II. SPEED AND VELOCITY

1. A boy starts moving along a circular path of radius 7m. If the boy moves uniformly ith 4m/s then
is avg. velocity after ½ revolution is
1) 4m/s 2) 14/11 m/s 3) 28/11 m/s 4) 2m/s
2. A car starts at one vertex of a square track of side 125m and reaches the starting point in 50s.
ind the speed of the car.
1) 10m/s 2) 2.5m/s 3) 5m/s 4) 7.5m/s
3. During a journey a car travels with a speed of 20kmph for first one hour, with a speed of
25kmph for next two hours. Find the total distance travel by the car in three hours.
1) 45km 2) 65km 3) 95km 4) 70km
4. A car goes round circular path of radius 14km at a constant speed of 22km/hr. Find the
distance and displacement on the car at the end of 5hrs.
1) 110km, 110km 2) 110km, 14√2 km 3) 110km, 14km 4) 110km, 28km
5. A car moving with a constant speed of 10m/s covers two rounds of a circular track in 10s. Find
he radius of circular track.
1) 25/π m 2) π/25 m 3) 50/π m 4) π/50 m
6. A body moving along a circular path of radius 21m describes an angle of 60° A B
at the centre of the circle while moving from A to B. If the time taken is 10 60°
sec then find average speed and average velocity
1) 2.2m/s, 2.2 m/s 2) 4.4 m/s, 2.2 m/s
3) 2. 2m/s, 2.1m/s 4) 4.4 m/s, 4.2 m/s
7. A car goes round a circular path A-B-C-D-A the speed of the car while
it is taking on the different sections AB, BC, CD and DA are B C
v, 2v, 4v & 4v respectively. Find the average speed of the car. 60° 60°
A D
1) v 2) 2v 3) 2.4 v 4) 2.6 v
8. A car travels from station A to B at 30kmph and then back to A at 70kmph. Find the
average speed and average velocity of the car.

1) 35kmph, 35kmph 2) 42kmph, zero 3) 42kmph, 42kmph 4) 35kmph, zero
9. A car travels a speed of 120kmph for 1 hr and halts for ½ hour and then resumes the journey
ith speed of 100kmph for the next 1 ½ hour. Find the average speed.
1) 110kmph 2) 108kmph 3) 90kmph 4) 220/3 kmph
10*. A boy travels with speeds v1, v2 & v3 for three successive time intervals which are in the ratio
1 : 1 : 2. Find the average speed.
1) (v1+2v2+3v3)/4 2) (v1+v2+2v3)/4 3) (v1+2v2+2v3) 4) (v1+v2+v3)/3
11. A boy travels with speeds v1, v2 & v3 for three successive time intervals which are in the ratio
1 : 2 : 3. Find the average speed.
1) (v1+2v2+3v3)/6 2) (v1+v2+v3)/6 3) (v1+2v2+3v3) 4) (v1+v2+v3)/3
12. A car travels from station A to station B at 30kmph during its return trip to A, it travels at
30kmph for first half distance and at 70kmph for next half distance. Find the average speed of the
car. Find also its average velocity.
1) 40kmph, zero 2) 40kmph, 40kmph 3) 35kmph, 35kmph 4) 35kmph, zero
13. A car travels from station A to station B at 30kmph during return trip to A, it travels at 30kmph
for first half of journey time and at 70kmph for next half of journey time. Find the average speed
and average velocity of the car.
1) 40kmph, 40kmph 2) 40kmph, zero 3) 37.5kmph, zero 4) 37.5kmph, 37.5kmph
14*. A car travels with speed v1 for the first half of the journey distance, during the second half of the
journey distance it travelled with a speed of v2 for half of the time and with a speed of v3 for
remaining journey time. Find the average speed.
v1 (v2 + v3 ) 2v1 (v2 + v3 ) 2v1 (v2 + v3 ) v1 (v2 + v3 )
1) 2) 3) 4)
v1 + v2 + v3 2v1 + v2 + v3 v1 + v2 + v3 2v1 + v2 + v3
15*. A car travels with speed v1 for the first half of the journey time, during the second half of the
journey time it travelled with a speed of v2 for half of the distance and with a speed of v3 for
remaining journey distance. Find the average speed.
v1 (v2 + v3 ) + 2v2 v3 v1 (v2 + v3 ) + v2 v3 v1 (v2 + v3 ) + 2v2 v3 v1 (v2 + v3 ) + v2 v3
1) 2) 3) 4)
2(v2 + v3 ) 2(v2 + v3 ) (v2 + v3 ) (v2 + v3 )
16*. A man walks on a straight road from his home to a market 2.5km away with a speed of 5km /h.
Finding market closed, he instantly turn and walks back home with a speed of 7.5km/h. What is
the
a) Magnitude of average velocity b ) Average speed of the man over the interval of time
i) 0 to 30 min ii) 0 to 50 min iii) 0 to 40 min
1) i)5km/h,5km/h, ii)0,6km/h iii)1.875km/h, 5.625km/h
4) i)25km/h,5km/h, ii)0,16km/h iii)2.875km/h, 5.6 25km/h
17*. Two trains P and Q moving along parallel tracks with same uniform speed of 20m/s. the driver of
train P decides to overtake train Q and accelerate his train 1m/s. After 50s, the train crosses the
engine of the train Q. find out what was the distance between the two trains initially provided the
length of each train is 400m.
1) 120 m 2) 800m 3) 450m 4) 300m
18*. A car travels with speeds V, 2V, 3V ....... nV for successive time intervals which are in the ratio 1
: 2 : 3 ......n. Find the average speed of the car.
( 2n + 1) v ( 2n + 1) v ( n + 1) v
1) 2) ( 2n + 1) v 3) 4)
3 2 2

19*. A boy travels with speeds V, 2V, 3V ....................... nV during successive journey distances
which are in the ratio 1 : 2 : 3 : ......n. Find the average speed of the boy.
( 2n + 1) v ( 2n + 1) v ( n + 1) v
1) 2) ( 2n + 1) v 3) 4)
3 2 2
20. Two persons start running in opposite directions along a squares track of side 0.2km with speeds
20 m/s and 10m/s from two adjacent vertices . After what time and what distance do the two
persons meet each other. [ ]
A) 20 sec, 400 m & 200 m B) 10 sec, 300 m & 300 m
C) 15 sec , 450 m & 150 m D) 20 sec, 350m & 25m
21. Two persons start running along a circular track of radius 500m from same point if the time lapse
between the persons to start is 5 sec, & they travel along same direction with velocities of 5 m/s
and 10 m/s. then after what time and what distance do they meet. [ ]
A) 20 sec, 50 m B) 10 sec, 50m C) 15 sec, 25m D) 20m, 25 m
22. The length of platform of a railway station is 700m. A train is crossing the platform with a speed
of 50m/s. If the length of train is 500m, then what is the time taken by the train to cross the
platform. [ ]
A) 12sec B) 6 sec C) 24 sec D) 18 sec
23. Two trains of length 600 m each are travelling along two parallel tracks in opposite directions
with velocity 60 m/s & 20m/s. . The distance of separation between them is 200m, after what
time do the two trains cross each other. [ ]
A) 5 sec B) 10 sec C) 15 sec D) 20 sec
24. If car A starts from a point and move with a constant speed 20m/s, after 2 seconds another car B
starts from the same point with speed 30m/s in the same direction , then when and where they
will meet ?
25. If two cars A and B approach each other with speeds 40 m/s and 60 m/s between the two points
P and Q separated by a distance 1km then where and when they will meet ?
26.. If two cars A and B moving the speeds 20m/s and 60m/s in the same direction. Initially the
distance between the two cars is 500m, and car B is behind car A. Then when and where they
will meet.
KEY
1. 3 2. 1 3. 4 4. 2 5. 1 6. 3 7. 3 8. 2 9. 3 10. 2
11. 1 12. 4 13. 3 14. 2 15. 1 16. 1 17. 3 18. 1 19. 4 20. 1
26.
24. 12.5
4sec sec,
from 25. 400m 750m
21. 2 22. 3 23. 2
start of from p , 10sec from
B, initial
120m position
of car B
ACCELERATION
III. ( v = u + at )
1. The speed of a body moving along a straight path changes 5m/s to 10m/s in 5s. Find the
acceleration of the body.
1) 0.5m/s2 2) 1m/s2 3) 1.5m/s2 4) 2m/s2
2. The speed of a body moving along a straight path decreases from 10m/s to 5m/s in 2s. Find the
deceleration.
1) 1.5m/s2 2) 2m/s2 3) 2.5m/s2 4) 3.5m/s2

3. A vehicle is moving on a straight level road with a constant speed 10m/s. Due to
application of brakes, it comes to rest in 5s. Find the deceleration.
1) 8m/s2 2) 6m/s2 3) 4m/s2 4) 2m/s2
4. An athelete takes 2.0 s to reach his maximum speed of 18.0 km/h. What is the magnitude of his
average acceleration ?
1) 0.5 m/s2 2) 2.5 m/s2 3) 2 m/s2 4) 1.5 m/s2
5. A car traveling at 20m/s takes a U-turn in 20s without
changing its speed. What is the average acceleration of the
car?
1) -2m/s2 2) -1m/s2 3) 4m/s2 4) 8m/s2

KEY
1. 2 2. 3 3. 4 4. 2 5. 1
IV. ⎛ S = u + v × t ⎞
⎜ ⎟
⎝ 2 ⎠
# When a body moves with constant velocity then displacement = velocity X time
# When a body moves with non-uniform velocity then Displacement = average velocity X time
1. The speed of a body which is moving with constant acceleration changes from 5m/s to 15m/s in
5s. Find the displacement of the body.
1) 50m 2) 100m 3) 150m 4) 200m
2. A body moving with acceleration covers a displacement of 5m in 2s. Find the velocity after
2s if its initial velocity is 1m/s.
1) 2m/s 2) 3m/s 3) 4m/s 4) 5m/s
3. A uniformly accelerated car is found to possess the velocities 12.5 m/s and 135 kmph at two
different places in its path. If the car takes 10 min to travel between these places, find the
distance between them.
1) 25km 2) 30km 3) 5km 4) 15km
4. A cyclist moving with an initial velocity of 4 m/s is uniformly accelerated at 3 m/s2. Find the
distance travelled by the cyclist in 6s.
1) 78m 2) 58m 3) 38m 4) 98m
5. A racing car starts from rest & moves with constant acceleration. If it crosses the end point of 1st
Lap after 160 min, with a velocity of 180 kmph then find length of the Lap.
1) 120km 2) 240km 3) 360km 4) 480km
6. An express train starts from one station. After 40 min it crosses a small station which is at a
distance of 30 km. Find the velocity of train (in m/s) when it crosses the station. (Assume the
train accelerates uniformly and has no scheduled halt at the small station)
1) 90m/s 2) 45m/s 3) 25m/s 4) 50m/s
7. The brakes of an automobile can produce a constant deceleration 2m/s2. After application of
brakes the vehicle comes to rest in 9s. Find the stopping distance.
1) 27m 2) 45m 3) 63m 4) 81m
8. The brakes of an automobile can produce a constant deceleration 3m/s2. Find the maximum
distance travelled after application of brakes if it comes to rest in 6s.
1) 54m 2) 45m 3) 36m 4) 27m
9. A particle having a velocity of 4 m/s is accelerated at the rate of 1.2 m/s2 for 7 s. Find the
distance travelled during the period of acceleration.
1) 87.4m 2) 57.4m 3) 37.4m 4) 27.4m
10. A person travelling at 43.2 kmph applies brakes giving a deceleration of 4 m/s2 to his car. Find
the distance travelled by the car before it comes to rest.

1) 12m 2) 16m 3) 18m 4) 20m
KEY
1. 1 2. 3 3. 4 4. 1 5. 2
6. 3 7. 4 8. 1 9. 2 10. 3
⎛ 1 2 ⎞
⎜ s = ut + at and v − u = 2as ⎟
2 2
V.
⎝ 2 ⎠
1. Two friends started from same point with same constant acceleration of 5m/s2 Second one starts
journey 5s later. Find the time taken by 1st one such that he is 100m ahead of second one.
1) 3.5 s 2) 6.5 s 3) 7.5 s 4) 8.5 s
2. A bullet is fired into wood. The bullet penetrates for 7s to come to rest. Find the distance
travelled by the bullet in the wood if the retardation offered by the wood is 0.4m/s2.
1) 2.8m 2) 6.8m 3) 5.6m 4) 9.8m

3. A deer is running at constant speed. It watches a lion and increases its speed by 5 m/s per each
second. If after watching the lion it travels 400 m in 10 s, find its velocity before it watches the
lion.
1) 25m/s 2) 10m/s 3) 65m/s 4) 15m/s
4*. A tram car enters a long tunnel of length of 8.64 km. If the ratio of the velocities of tram at the
entrance and exit are in the ratio of 5:1 then find the velocities of the tram at the entrance and the
exit if it takes 20/3 min to travel from entrance to exit. (Assume the tram moves with uniform
retardation)
1) 3.6m/s, 0.72m/s 2) 36m/s, 7.2m/s 3) 18m/s, 3.6m/s 4) 45m/s, 9m/s
5. The seconds hand of a clock is 14 cm long. The average speed of the tip of the seconds hand in
15s is ____________ cm/s
22 11 11 28
1) 2) 3) 4)
15 15 30 30
6*. A bus is moving along a straight road with uniform acceleration. P and Q are two marks on the
road. The bus crosses the mark Q with a velocity 17/7 times the velocity of bus at the mark P. If
the velocity of the bus at the midway of PQ is 26m/s, find the velocities of the bus at P and Q.
1) 7 m/s, 17 m/s 2) 17 m/s, 7 m/s 3) 14 m/s, 34 m/s 4) 34 m/s, 14 m/s
7. For a body traveling with uniform acceleration its final velocity V = 180 − 7 x where x is the
distance traveled by the body in meters. Then the acceleration is
1) –8 m/s2 2) –3.5 m/s2 3) –7 m/s2 4) 180 m/s2
8. A body is moving with velocity v which varies with displacement as v = 4 − 2 s its average
acceleration after 6 sec
10 3 3 5 5
1) –1 m/s2 2) m/s2 3) m/s2 4) m/s2 5) m/s2 6) m/s2
3 5 10 6 3
−2 2
9. The displacement x in meters of a body varies with time t in sec. As x = t + 16t + 2 then the
3
initial velocity of the body and acceleration are
1) zero, 2 m/s2 2) -2/3 m/s, 16 m/s2 3) 16 m/s, -4/3 m/s2 4) 3 m/s, 4 m/s2

10. The displacement S of a body at any instant t is S=2t2+5t.
If S and t are in metres and seconds.
1) It starts from rest 2) Its acceleration is 2m/s2
3) Its displacement in the first 2 seconds is 8m
4) The distance by it during 6th second is 27m
KEY
1. 2 2. 4 3. 4 4. 2 5. 1
6. 3 7. 2 8. 1 9. 3 10. 4
⎡ ⎛ 1 ⎞⎤
VI. ⎢ sn = u + a ⎜ n − 2 ⎟ ⎥
⎣ ⎝ ⎠⎦
1. A body starts from rest and moves with an acceleration of 2m/s2. Find the distance travelled by
the body in 5th second.
1) 9m 2) 2.5m 3) 4.5m 4) 25m
2. A car starts from rest and moves with an acceleration of 6 m/s2. Find the distance travelled by the
body in 12th second.
1) 432m 2) 43.2m 3) 6.9m 4) 69m
3. A car which is accelerated at 4 m/s2 has a velocity of 10m/s when it crosses a lamp post. Find the
distance travelled by the car in 8th s after crossing the lamp post.
1) 400m 2) 112m 3) 30m 4) 40m
4. A body has started from rest and is accelerated uniformly. The distance covered by the body in
first 3s is equal to the distance travelled by it in the last second. Find the time of journey of
the body.
1) 2.5s 2) 5s 3) 3s 4) 4.5s
5*. A body starts from rest and is accelerated uniformly. Find the ratio of the distances travelled by it
in first, third and fifth second.
1) 1:5:9 2) 1:2:3 3) 1:3:5 4) 1:4:9
6. A particle is moving along a straight line with S n = 2 + 0.4n . Find its initial velocity and
acceleration
1) 2.2 units, 0.4 units 2) 2.1 units, 0.3 units 3) 1.2 units, 0.4 units 4) 2.2 units, 0.3 units
7*. Displacement of a particle in the nth second Sn=4+3n where n is time in sec. Its displacement
after 4 sec is
1) 46 m 2) 22m 3) 70m 4) 64m
8*. If Sn represents displacement in the nth second for a particle moving along a straight line with
constant acceleration 10ms-2. If initial velocity of the particle is 6ms-1.
S1 + S 2 + S 3 + S 4 + ............ + S10 =
1) 280m 2) 340m 3) 480m 4) 560m
9. A particle is moving along a straight line with uniform acceleration. If the distances covered by it
in 5th, 7th and 9th seconds are 28m, 36m, 44m respectively its acceleration is
1) 8ms-2 2) 4ms-2 3) 2ms-2 4) 1ms-2
10*. A particle experiences constant acceleration for 6s after starting from rest. If it travels a distance
s1 in the first 2s and a distance s2 in the next 2s and a distance s3 in the last 2s then s1 : s2 : s3 is
equal to
1) 1 : 1 : 1 2) 1 : 2 : 3 3) 1 : 3 : 5 4) 1 : 5 : 9

EXERCISE – 7 KEY
1. 1 2. 2 3. 4 4. 2 5. 1
6. 1 7. 1 8. 4 9. 2 10. 3
LEVEL – III
1*. A body travels 200 cm in the first 2 sec and 220 cm in the next 4 sec with deceleration. The
velocity of the body at the end of the 7th second is
1) 5 cm/s 2) 10 cm/s 3) 15 cm/s 4) 20 cm/s
2. th
A particle covers 1/4 of the total distance at a speed of 20 km/hr, 1/2 of the total distance at a
speed of 40 km/hr, 1/6th of the total distance at a speed of 10 km/hr and remaining 1/12th of the
distance at a speed of 30 km/hr. What is the average speed in km/hr ?
1) 22.5 km/hr 2) 15 km/hr 3) 30 km/hr 4) 11.25 km/hr
3*. A train accelerates from rest for time t1 at a constant rate ‘α’and then it retards at the constant
rate ‘β’ for time t2 and comes to rest. The ratio of t1 is equal to
t2
2 2
1) α / β 2) β / α 3) α / β 4) β2 / α2
4*. A body starts from rest with uniform acceleration of 2 m/s2 for 10 sec, it move with constant
speed for 30 sec then decelerates by 4 m/s2 to zero. What is the distance covered by the body?
1) 750 m 2) 850 m 3) 600 m 4) 650 m
5*. A car starts from rest, attains a velocity of 36 kmph with an acceleration of 0.2 m/s2, travels 9km
with this uniform velocity and then comes to halt with a uniform deceleration 0.1 m/s2. The total
time of travel of the car is
1) 900 s 2) 1050 s 3) 950 s 4) 1150 s
6*. A car starts moving along a line, first with acceleration a = 2 m/s2, starting from rest then
uniformly and finally decelerating at the same rate and comes to rest. The total time of motion 10
s. The average speed during the time is 3.2 m/s. How long does the car moved uniformly ?
1) 4 s 2) 6 s 3) 5 s 4) 3 s
7*. A body starts with initial velocity ‘u’ and moves with uniform acceleration ‘a’. If when the
velocity increased to 5u. The acceleration is reversed in direction, the magnitude remains
constant it turns to the starting point with velocity of
1) –u 2) 7u 3) –7u 4) –9u
8*. A driver takes 0.20 s to apply the brakes after he sees a need for it. This is called the reaction
time of the driver. If he is driving a car at a speed of 54 km/h and the brakes cause a deceleration
of 6.0 m/s2, find the distance traveled by the car after he sees the need to put the brakes on
1) 14 m 2) 16 m 3) 21.75 m 4) 26 m
9*. In a car race car A takes ‘t’ sec less than car B and passes the finishing point with a velocity V
more than the velocity with which car B passes the point. Assuming that cars start from rest and
travel with constant acceleration a1&a2 then v/t=…
a1
1) 2) a1 + a2 3) a1a2 4) a1 − a2
a2
10*. Two cars starts off to race with velocities v1 and v2 and travel in a straight line with uniform
acceleration a1 and a2. If the race ends in a dead heat. Then the length of the course is……..

2 ( v1 + v2 )( v1a2 + a1v2 ) 2 ( v1 − v2 )( v1a2 − a1v2 )
1) 2)
( a1 − a2 ) ( a1 − a2 )
2 2
2 ( v1 − v2 )( v1a2 + a1v2 ) 2 ( v1 + v2 )( v1a2 − a1v2 )

3) 4)
( a1 + a2 ) ( a1 − a2 )
2 2
11*. A body is moving in a straight line with uniform acceleration covers the distances S1 and S2 in
successive intervals t1 and t2 respectively. the acceleration of the body is
s2t1 − s1t2 2 ( s2t1 + s1t2 ) 2 ( s2t1 − s1t2 ) 4 ( s2t1 + s1t2 )
1) 2) 3) 4)
t1t2 ( t1 + t2 ) t1t2 ( t1 + t2 ) t1t2 ( t1 + t2 ) t1t2 ( t1 + t2 )
1 1
12*. For th of the distance between two station a train is uniformly accelerated and th of the
m n
distance is uniformly retarded. If starts from one station comes to rest at the other the ratio of
greatest velocity to the average velocity is
1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2
1) 1 + + 2) 1 − − 3) 1 + − 4) 2 + −
m n m n m n m n
13*. A body is moving in a straight line starting from rest moving with acceleration α for some time
and them with uniform velocity v for some time and then retards with retardation B comes to
rest. Total distance traveled is l then total time of journey is……………..
l v⎛1 1 ⎞ l ⎛1 1⎞ 2l v ⎛ 1 1 ⎞ 2l ⎛1 1⎞
1) + ⎜ + ⎟ 2) + v⎜ + ⎟ 3) + ⎜ + ⎟ 4) − v⎜ − ⎟
v 2⎝α β ⎠ v ⎝α β ⎠ v 2⎝α β ⎠ v ⎝α β ⎠
14*. A passenger is standing ‘d’ m away from a bus. The bus begins to move with constant
acceleration a. To catch the bus, the passenger runs at a constant speed v towards the bus. What
must be the minimum speed of the passenger so that he may catch the bus?
2a
1) ≥ 2ad 2) ≥ 2d / a 3) ≥ 4) ≤ 2ad
d
15*. A particle moving in a straight line with uniform acceleration is observed to be at a distance ‘a’
from a fixed point initially. It is at distances b, c, and d from the same points after n, 2n, 3n sec.
The acceleration of the particle is
c − 2b + a c +b+a c −b+ a c + 2b + a
1) 2
2) 2
3) 2
4)
n 9n n 4n 2
II. REASONING BASED QUESTIONS:
This section contains Reasoning type questions, each having four choice (A) ,(B),(C) and
(D) out of which ONLY ONE IS correct. Each question contains STATEMENT 1 and
STATEMENT 2 You have to mark your answer as
(A) If Statement I is true , Statement II is true; Statement II is the correct
explanation of Statement I
(B) If Statement I is true , Statement II is true; Statement II is not a correct
(C) ) If Statement I is true , Statement II is false
(D) ) If Statement I is false , Statement II is true
1. Statement – I : Average velocity of the body may be equal to its instantaneous velocity.
Statement – II : The body is having uniform motion in one dimension.
2. Statement – I : A body may have acceleration even when its velocity is zero.

Statement – II : Acceleration is rate of change of velocity
3. Statement – I : In retarded motion the displacement and acceleration are in opposite
directions.
Statement – II : Acceleration is rate of change of velocity.
4. Statement – I : Acceleration of a moving particle can change its direction without any change
in directions of velocity.
Statement – II : If the direction of change in velocity vector changes, the direction of
acceleration vector also changes
5. Statement – I : Average velocity can’t be zero in case of uniform acceleration.
Statement – II : For average velocity to be zero, velocity should not remain constant.
III. MULTIPLE CORRECT CHOICE TYPE QUESTIONS:

1. When a particle is moving in a straight line, then its acceleration & velocity
A) may be in same direction B) may be in opposite direction
C) will be in opposite direction D) will be in same direction
2. Average acceleration is in the direction of
A) initial velocity B) final velocity
C) change in velocity D) final velocity if initial velocity is zero
3. Consider the motion of the tip of the minute hand of a clock. In one hour
A. the displacement is zero B. the distance covered is zero
C. the average speed is zero D. the average velocity is zero
4. Which is/are correct ?
A) if velocity of a body change, it must have some acceleration
B) if speed of a body change, it must have some acceleration
C) if body has acceleration, its speed must change
D) if body has acceleration, its speed may change
5. A car accelerates from rest at a constant rate of 2 ms-2 for some time. Then it retards at a
constant rate of 4 ms-2 and comes to rest. It remains in motion for 6s.
1) Its maximum speed is 8 ms-1 2) its maximum speed is 6 ms-2
3) It traveled a total distance of 24 m 4) It traveled a total distance of 184 m
6. A body starts from rest and then moves with uniform acceleration. Then
A. its displacement is directly proportional to the square of the time
B. its displacement is inversely proportional to the square of the time
C. it may move along a circle D. it always moves in a straight line
7. Which of the following statements is/are correct ?
A. if the velocity of a body changes, it must have some acceleration
B. if the speed of a body changes, it must have some acceleration
C. if the body has acceleration, its speed must change
D. if the body has acceleration, its speed may change
8. The body will speed up if
A. velocity and acceleration are in the same direction
B. velocity and acceleration are in opposite directions
C. velocity and acceleration are in perpendicular direction

D. velocity and acceleration are acting at acute angle w.r.t each other
9. Find the correct statements out of the following
1) If acc. = 0, motion is uniform
2) If acc. = constant, acc. is uniform but motion not
3) If acc. ≠ constant, both acc. and motion are not uniform
4) If acc. = constant, both acc. and motion are uniform
10. Mark the correct statements for a particle going on a straight line
A. if the velocity and acceleration have positive sign, the object is swing down
B. if the position and velocity have opposite sign, the particle moving towards the origin
C. if the velocity is zero at an instant, the acceleration should also be zero at test instant
D. if the velocity is zero for a time interval, the acceleration is zero at any instant within the time
interval
C
IV. LINKED COMPREHENSION TYPE QUESTIONS
Passage I:
An insect moves along a circular path of radius 10cm with a constant A B
O
speed. If it takes 1minute to move from a point on the path to the
diametrically opposite point.
1. The distance covered by the insect is
1) 3.14cm 2) 31.4cm 3) 6.14cm 4) 6.28cm
2. The average speed of the insect is
1) 0.52cm/sec 2) 0.68cm/sec 3) 0.84cm/sec 4) None
3. The displacement of the insect is
1) 20cm 2) 40cm 3) 60cm 4) 80cm
4. The average velocity of the insect is
1) 1.33cm/sec 2) 0.33cm/sec 3) 2.33cm/sec 4) None
Passage II:
A bike starts from I check post and is accelerated uniformly. It crosses the V check post which is
at a distance of 220 km, with 120 kmph. If the bike takes same time interval to travel from one
check post to the next.
1. Find the time interval (minute).
1) 110 2) 132 3) 55 4) 85
2. Find acceleration (km/hr2) of the bike.
1) 360 /11 2) 50 /11 3) 240 /11 4) 100 /11
3. Find the velocities (kmph) of the bike at 2nd, 3rd and 4th check posts.
1) 20, 40 & 80 2) 25, 60 & 95 3) 30, 60 & 90 4) 40,80 &100
4. Find the distance between successive check posts.
45 135 225 345 55 165 275 385
1) km, km, km & km 2) km, km, km & km
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
35 175 245 385 25 175 275 325
3) km, km, km & km 4) km, km, km & km
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
Passage 3:
A body is moving along the straight line starting from rest with uniform acceleration α after
getting max velocity starts retarding B comes to rest. Total time of journey is t.
1. The maximum velocity of body is………..

α Bt α Bt 1 α Bt
1) 2) 3) 4) none
α +B
2 2
α+B 2 (α + B )
2. The average velocity of a body is………
1 α Bt α Bt 2 α Bt 2 1 α Bt 2
1) 2) 3) 4)
2α +B 2 (α + B ) α+B 2 (α + B )
3. The total distance traveled by a body is
1 α Bt α Bt 2 α Bt 2 1 α Bt 2
1) 2) 3) 4)
2α +B 2 (α + B ) α+B 2 (α + B )
V. MATRIX MATCHING TYPE QUESTIONS
1. A body moving with uniform speed then match the following :
Column I Column II
a) Distance p) May be zero
b) Displacement q) Always positive
c) Acceleration r) ≥ average velocity
d) Average speed s) Can be +ve, -ve (or) zero
t) ≤ average velocity
2. Column – I Column – II
a) If the velocity of a particle is zero at some p) May be zero
instant then its acceleration at this instant
b) If the acceleration of a particle is zero at some q) May be non -zero
instant than its velocity at this instant
c) If the velocity if a particle at some instant is r) Must be non-zero
non-zero then its acceleration at this instant
d) If the particle is speeding up or slowing down s) Must be zero
then its acceleration
3. Column – I Column – II
a) Projectile motion p) Acceleration constant
b) Uniform rectilinear motion q) Acceleration varying
c) Uniformly accelerated rectilinear motion r) speed constant
d) Non uniform rectilinear motion s) speed varying
VI. INTEGER ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
1. A police jeep is chasing a culprit going on a motorbike. The motorbike crosses a turning at a
speed of 72 km/h. The jeep follows it at a speed of 90 km/h, crossing the turning twenty seconds
later than the bike. Assuming that they travel at constant speeds, how far from the turning will
the jeep catch up with the bike?( in km)

2. A car traveling at 69 km/h overtakes another car traveling at 33 km/h. Assuming each car to be
5.0 m long, find the time taken during the overtake in seconds.
3. A bullet fired into a fixes target looses half of its velocity after penetrating 3cm. How much
further in cm it will penetrate before coming to rest assuming that it faces constant resistance to
motion .
4. If the body covers equal displacements in successive intervals of time t1 , t2 and t3 then show
1 1 1 k
that − + = . Find k
t1 t 2 t3 t1 + t 2 + t3
5. A particle moves with uniform acceleration a. If v1 , v2 and v3 be the average velocities three
successive intervals of time t1 ,t2 and t3 respectively then find the value of
( v1 − v2 )( t3 + t2 )
( v2 − v3 )( t2 + t1 )
LEVEL – III
I. SINGLE CORRECT CHOICE TYPE QUESTIONS:
1) 2 2) 1 3) 2 4) 1 5) 2 6) 2 7) 3 8) 3 9) 3 10) 2
11) 3 12) 1 13) 1 14) 1 15) 1
II. REASONING TYPE QUESTIONS
1) A 2) B 3) D 4) B 5) D

1) A,B 2) C,D 3) A,D 4) A,B,D 5) A,C
6) A,D 7) A,B,D 8) A,D 9) A,B,C 10) A,B

PASSAGE – I 1 –b, 2-a, 3-a, 4-b
PASSAGE – II 1 –c, 2- a, 3- c, 4 – b
PASSAGE – III 1 –b, 2- a, 3- b

1) a – q; b – s; c – d; d - r
2) a – p,q; b – p,q ; c – p,q; d – r
3) a – p,s ; b – p,r ; c – p,s; d – p,q,s
1 – 1; 2 – 1; 3 – 1; 4 - 3; 5 - 1

MOTION UNDER GRAVITY
1. The acceleration of body produced by the gravitational force of attraction of the earth is
called acceleration due to gravity (g).
2. At a given place ‘g’ is constant for all bodies
3. In the absence of air resistance all bodies irrespective of their sizes, masses fall with the
same acceleration. (In vacuum)
4. The value of ‘g’ changes from place to place.
5. g = 980 cms-2 = 9.8 ms-2 = 32 ft s-2
6. Value of g is maximum at poles (9.8 ms-2) and minimum at the equator (9.78 ms-2).
FREELY FALLING BODY
l) When a body falls freely, the acceleration it possesses due to gravitational attraction is called
acceleration due to gravity (g). g = 9.8 ms–2 or 980 cm sec–2. g is
positive when the body falls vertically and negative when the body
rises vertically. The acceleration due to gravity is a vector quantity
directed vertically downwards towards the centre of the earth. So its
component along an inclined plane making an angle θ with the
horizontal is g sin θ and its horizontal component is zero.
The average value of g on earth’s surface is 9.8 m/s2.
g earth
On the surface of moon, g = 1.67 m / s 2 =
6
On the surface of sun, g = 274 m/s2
When a body is falling towards the earth, its velocity increases, g is positive.
When a body is projected upwards, its velocity decreases, g is negative.
Standard Equation Equation for freely falling body
(u = 0, a = g)
1) V = u + at V = gt
2) S = ut + ½ at2 S = ½ gt2
V2 = 2gS
2 2
3) V – u = 2As
a g
4) Sn = u + (2n – 1) Sn = (2n – 1)
2 2
S u+V S V
5) = =
t 2 t 2
BODY DROPPED FREELY AND VERTICALLY FROM A HEIGHT (h)
Initial velocity u = 0.
1) Velocity on reaching the ground, v = 2gh

2h
2) Time to reach the ground =
g

⎛ 1⎞
3) Distance it falls in last second = g ⎜ n − ⎟
⎝ 2⎠
1 2
4) Distance it falls in t seconds from the point from which it is dropped = gt
2
5) In the problems of freely falling bodies, In the case of a initial velocity u = 0 and acceleration a =
+g
a) If 't' is given v = gt
2h
b) If 'h' is given t =
g
v
c) If 'v' is given t =
g
6) For a freely falling body
a) ratio of the distances traveled in the 1st second, 2nd second, 3rd second,…………... is 1 : 3 :
5 : 7 : ……………..
b) ratio of the distance traveled in 1 second, 2 seconds, 3 seconds, ……………..….. is 12 : 22
: 32 : 42 : …………
c) ratio of the velocities acquired at the end of 1second, 2 seconds, 3 seconds, …..… is 1 : 2 :
3 : 4 : ………
d) ratio of the times taken to travel 1st metre, 2nd metre, 3rd metre, ………… is
( 1− 0 : )( 2− 1 : )( )
3 : 2 : ………..
e) ratio of the distances traveled after 1st t seconds, next t seconds, next ‘t’ seconds, ……. Is
1 : 3 : 5 : ……..
7) A freely falling body travels a distance S1 in the first n seconds and a distance S2 in the next n
seconds, then S1 : S2 = 1 : 3.
8) If a body is dropped from height h above the ground, it reaches the ground after time t
= 2h / g . On reaching the ground its velocity is 2gh . Average velocity of the body of this
motion is gh / 2
9) If a body dropped from certain height reaches the ground after time‘t’, its final velocity is gt and
average velocity during this motion is gt/2
10) A body dropped from height ‘h’ reaches the ground after certain time. After half of the time its
height above the ground is 3h/4.
11) A body dropped from certain height reaches the ground after time‘t’. It would cover exactly half
of this distance after time t/ 2 .
12) A freely falling body covers distance S in the nth second. Distance traveled by it in the (n+1)th
second is (S+g).Distance traveled by it in the (n -1)th second (S – g).
13) A freely falling body acquires velocity V in falling through a distance ‘h’. The further distance it
has to fall to acquire velocity 2V is 3h. Here after falling through a further distance ‘h’ velocity
acquired by it is 2 V.

14) A body is released from certain height h above the ground. The time after which it reached the
2h
ground is . Here if g vanishes exactly at the midway during its fall, the time of fall till then
g
h
will be t1 = .
g
1 h
The further time of fall is t2 =
2 g
Here for time ‘t1’ it will move with uniform acceleration and for time ‘t2’ it will move with
uniform velocity gh .
3 h
Here total time of its fall is t1 + t 2 =
2 g
t1 + t 2 3
=
t 2 2
15) When a body is dropped from a certain height above the ground it will reach the ground after
time t1. But after time t2, the body is stopped and then released. The further time after which it
reaches the ground from that instant is t. Then t 2 = t12 − t 22 or t = t12 − t 22
16) If the distance traveled by a freely falling body in the first t seconds is equal to the distance
traveled in the last second, the time of its fall is (t2 + 1)/2
17) A freely falling body acquires a velocity V after falling through a certain distance h. The
g ⎛ g⎞
distance traveled by it in the next second is V + or ⎜ 2gh + ⎟ .
2 ⎝ 2⎠
18) If air resistance is taken into consideration and two bodies of different masses are dropped
simultaneously from the same height, heavier body reaches the ground earlier. If the two bodies
have same mass but different sizes, smaller body reaches the ground first.
19) A freely falling body passes through two points A and B in time intervals of t1 and t2 from the
start, then the distance between the two points A and B is

2
(
g 2 2
t2 − t1 )
20) A freely falling body passes through two points A and B at distances h1 and h2 from the
start, then the time taken by it to moves from A to B is
T=
2h2
g
−
2h1
g
=
2
g
( h2 − h1 )
21) A stone is dropped into a well of depth 'h', the sound of splash is heard after a time of
2h h
t= +
g Vsound
22) If two bodies are held one above the other separated by a distance S and released
simultaneously, the distance of separation between them remains S through out their motion.
EQUATIONS OF MOTION OF AN OBJECT VERTICALLY PROJECTED UPWARDS
FROM THE GROUND
When a body is projected upwards with a velocity ‘u’, it is raised to a certain height and then it
starts falling down

Standard Equation Equation for body projected
vertically up (a = -g)
1) V = u + at V = u – gt
2) S = ut + ½ at2 S = ut – ½ gt2
3) V2 – u2 = 2aS V2 – u2 = -2 gs
a
4) Sn = u +(2n – 1) g
2 Sn = u – (2n – 1)
2
S u+V
5) =
t 2 S u+V
=
t 2
(i)Maximum height :
When a body is projected upwards with a velocity ‘u’, it is raised to a certain height and
then it starts falling down
When it is projected vertically upwards with an initial velocity ‘u’.
Initial velocity, u = u m/s
Final velocity, v = 0
Acceleration due to gravity = - g m/s2
Let the maximum height reached by the body be ‘h’.
Then, using the formula v2 – u2 = 2gh . We get
u2
0 – u2 =- 2gh ⇒ h =
2g
Which is the maximum height reached by the body if it is projected vertically upwards
with a velocity of ‘u’ m/s.
(ii) Velocity of the body on reaching the point of projection

Initial speed =0
Final speed = v m/s
Distance travelled =h
Acceleration due to gravity = gm/s2
2 2
Using the formula v – u = 2gh ,
We can find the final speed of the body after reaching the ground.
⇒ v 2 − 02 = 2 gh
u2
⇒ v = 2 gh = 2 g =u
2g
So the projection speed ‘u’ is equal to the speed of the body on returning to the
ground.
(iii) Time of ascent:
Initial velocity = u m/s
Acceleration of the body =-gm/s2
Final velocity of the body =v=0
The time of ascent =ta
Now using formula v = u – gt for the projected body, we can find the time of ascent i.e.
time taken to reach the maximum height h.
u
⇒ u = gta ⇒ ta = ;
g
(iv) Time of descent:
If t is time for descent, form a height h,

1 2 2h 2h u 2 u u2
since h = gtd ; td = = . = ∵h =
2 g g 2g g 2g
Thus time of ascent is equal to time of descent
u u 2u
Time of flight T = ta + td = + =
g g g
(v) Velocity at a given height:
Let a body be projected vertically upwards with an initial velocity u, from the point O.
(figure )
To find its velocity , at a height h, above the point of projection.
If v be the velocity, then
u = + u ; v =? ; s = +h;a=-g
(Taking upward direction as positive )
Using v2 = u2 +2as,
We have v2 =u2 – 2gh ⇒ v = ±

u 2 − 2 gh
The two values of v correspond to the upward and downward motion of the body
Since upward direction was taken positive, the positive value of v is the velocity during
upward motion and the negative value of v corresponds to the downward motion.
Note : (1)The two values are equal in magnitude but with opposite sign, which shows that,
at any given height, a particle can have two velocities of equal magnitude but
opposite in direction (remember)
(2) v is real or imaginary according as u2 ≥ 2gh
u2
In other words, practically, h ≤
2g
(vi) Velocity at a given time:
Let particle be projected with an initial velocity u from point O.
Let it rise to the highest point B after a time u/g

Now, we have to find the velocity after time‘t’ of its projection.
Let the particle reach point A in time‘t’.
Taking upward direction as positive, we have
u = +u; v = ?; t = t ; a = − g.
Using v = u + at
We have v = u – gt ……….. (1)
u
Case (i): If t < (i.e., time required to attain maximum height), ie.e. gt < u
g
⇒ u – gt>0,i.e. v >0 [by equation I] B
In other words, velocity
is positive, directed upwards.
u
Case (ii) : if t > ⇒ gt > u V A
g
h
⇒u < gt ⇒ u – gt < 0 A
V
i.e. v < 0
O
in other words, velocity A

is negative, directed downwards.
(vii) Time taken to attain a given Height :

Let a particle be projected vertically upward
with an initial velocity u from point O. (figure)
Let B be the highest point on its flight,
u2
i.e., OB = [from equation (1)]
2g
Now, to find the time taken to reach a certain height h, above O.
Let‘t’ be the required time. Taking upward direction (direction of initial velocity) as positive.
We have , u = + u; t = t, s = +h; a =-g
1 2 1
Using s = ut + at ⇒h=ut- gt2
2 2
⇒gt2-2ut+2h=0 …. (2)
Solving the quadratic in time ‘t’, we get
2u ± 4u 2 − 8 gh
t=
2g
u ± u 2 − 2 gh
⇒t = … (3)
g
Thus the two times, t1 and t2 are
u − u 2 − 2 gh u + u 2 − 2 gh
t1 = and t2 =
g g
Time t1 (being less than t2) corresponds to the time taken by the particle to reach point A,
along its upward journey, and t2 corresponds to the time taken by the particle to reach A, during
its downward journey.
2 2
The difference between t2 and t1 = u − 2 gh gives the time which elapsed between
g
2u
the two instants of time, when the particle was at a height h. and t + t = g , which is same as
1 2
total time of flight.
u2
Case (i) If the specified h be such that h > …… [i.e., AO > OB]
2g
Then 2gh > u2 , or u2 – 2gh < 0
∴ u 2 − 2 gh is imaginary
Equation (3) has two real values as the particle cannot cross the point B.
u2
Case (ii) If h = (i.e., OA = OB ), then u2 -2gh = 0
2g
∴ Equation (3) has two real and equal roots. In other words, the particle is at point A
(i.e., B only during its motion)

u2
Case (iii) If OA < OB, i.e. h < then u 2 - 2gh>0
2g
Then the roots yielded by equation (3) are real and different (unequal). In other words,
the particle will be twice, at height ‘h’.
BODY PROJECTED VERTICALLY UP
1. In the case of a body projected vertically up acceleration a = -g.
On reaching the maximum height its final velocity V = 0
2. When a body is projected vertically up with velocity u, its velocity on reaching the point
of projection is –u.
3. When a body is projected vertically up from the ground, its time of ascent is equal to its
time of descent when air resistance is zero (in vacuum)
4. If air resistance is considerable in the above case, time of descent will be more than time
of ascent.
5. When a body is projected vertically up
2
u 2 gT
a) Maximum height reached H = =
2g 8
H ∝ u2 (g is constant)
1
H∝ (u is constant)
g
ie H1 g1 = H2 g2
b) time of ascent = time of descent (no air resistance)
u
ta = td =
g
ta ∝ u (g is constant)
1
ta ∝ (u is constant)
g
2u
c) Time of flight T = t a + t d =
g
T ∝ u (g is constant)
1
T∝ (u is constant)
g
6. A body projected vertically up travels a distance ‘S’ in the nth second. Distance traveled by it in
the (n+1)th second is (S – g) and distance traveled by it in the(n – 1)th second is (S + g). )If
velocity of body in nth second is ‘v’ then in
(n – 1)th second it is (v + g) and that in (n + 1)s it is (v – g) while ascending,
Here velocity of the body 1 second before reaching the maximum height is ‘g’.
The change in velocity over the complete journey is 2u (downwards) .
7. When a body is projected vertically up, distance traveled by it in the last second of upward
motion g/2 for any initial velocity.
8. If a body is projected vertically up from the ground, distance traveled by it in the last second of
its upward motion is independent of initial velocity
9. When a body is projected vertically up on reaching the maximum height its velocity is zero but
acceleration is not equal to zero.

10. When a body is projected vertically up, there is symmetry for ascent and descent. The
magnitude of velocity at any point in its path is same whether the body is moving up or down.
The time taken to cross any two points during ascent is same as time taken to cross the same
during descent.
11. When a body is projected vertically up with velocity u, distance traveled by it in the last
second of total journey is (u – g/2). This depends on initial velocity of projection. The height
reached in the first second of ascent is equal to the height of fall in the last second of descent.
12. If a body is projected vertically up with velocity u, to reach a maximum height H in time of
ascent t,
a) Its velocity will be u/2 after time t/2 and it will be at a height 3H/4 above the ground
⎛ 1 ⎞
b) Its velocity will be u/ 2 at a height H/2 after time t ⎜1 − ⎟
⎝ 2⎠
⎛H⎞ ⎛ 1⎞
c) Its velocity at a height ⎜ ⎟ is u ⎜⎜ 1 − ⎟⎟
⎝n⎠ ⎝ n⎠
t ⎛ 1⎞
d) Its velocity after time is u ⎜1 − ⎟
n ⎝ n⎠
⎛ 1 ⎞
e) Its height above the ground when its velocity is u/n will be H ⎜ 1 − ⎟⎟
⎜ n2
⎝ ⎠
13. A body projected vertically up crosses a point P at a height ‘h’ above the ground at time
‘t1’ seconds and at time t2 seconds while coming down. Then total time of its flight
T = t1 + t2.
1
Velocity of projection = u = g ( t1 + t 2 )
2
Height of P is h = ½ gt1t2
1
g ( t1 + t 2 )
2
Maximum height reached above the ground H =
8
g ( t 2 − t1 )
Magnitude of velocity while crossing P is
2
If the body crosses P after t1 seconds and then reaches the ground after t2 seconds from
that point, the above conditions apply.
14. A body is dropped from the top of a tower of height ‘h’ simultaneously another body is
projected vertically up with a velocity u from the foot of the tower.
a) The separation between them after‘t’ seconds is (h – ut)
b) The time after which they meet t = h/u
⎛ gh 2 ⎞
c) The height at which they meet above the ground is ⎜ h − ⎟
⎝ 2u 2 ⎠
d) The time after which their velocities are equal in magnitudes is t = u/2g
e) If their speeds are equal after some time, the ratio of distances traveled by those two
will be the ratio 1 : 3.

15. A body is projected vertically up with velocity U1 and after‘t’ seconds another body is
projected vertically up with a velocity U2. If U2 > U1, the time after which both the
1
U 2 t + gt 2
bodies will meet with each other is 2 for the first body
( U 2 − U1 ) + gt
In this case if U1 = U2 = U ie the two bodies are projected with same velocity, the time
⎛u t ⎞ ⎛u t ⎞
after which they meet is ⎜ + ⎟ for the first body and ⎜ − ⎟ for the second body.
⎝g 2⎠ ⎝g 2⎠
16. A rocket moves up with a resultant acceleration a. If its fuel exhausts completely after
time ‘t’ seconds the maximum height reached by the rocket above the ground is h = 2 at2
⎛ a⎞
⎜1 + ⎟
⎝ g⎠
17. A body is projected vertically up. If air offers a constant resistance F, its time of ascent
u u2
is and maximum height reached is (where a = F/m)
(g + a ) 2 (g + a )
In this case velocity of the body on reaching the ground will have a magnitude equal to V
V g−a
such that = (⇒ V < u )
u g+a
Standard Equation Equation for freely Equation for body Equation for body
falling body projected vertically projected vertically
(u = 0, a = g) down (a = g) up (a = -g)
1) V = u + at V = gt V = u + gt V = u – gt
2) S = ut + ½ at2 S = ½ gt2 S = ut + ½ gt2 S = ut – ½ gt2
3) V2 – u2 = 2aS V2 = 2 gs V2 – u2 = 2 gs V2 – u2 = -2 gs
a
4)Sn = u +
(2n – 1) g g g
2 Sn = (2n – 1) Sn = u + (2n – 1) Sn = u – (2n – 1)
2 2 2
S u+V
4) =
t 2 S V S u+V S u+V
= = =
t 2 t 2 t 2
MOTION OF A BODY THROWN VETICALLY UP FROM TOP OF A TOWER

AB is a tower of height h. A body is projected vertically upwards with an initial velocity ‘u’ from
the top ‘B’ of the tower. The body travels upwards, reaches the highest point C and stars falling
downwards thereafter. Finally the body reaches foot of the tower as shown in fig.
The point ‘D’ lying in the horizontal plane passing through foot of the tower. Here the
direction of projection (upwards) is considered positive and the opposite direction (ie
downwards) is taken negative.
The upward displacement of the body; BC = + H the downward displacement of the
body; CD = - (h+H)
The net displacement of the body;
BD = + - (h+H) =-h
The total time of travel frhom B to D through C = t (say)
∴ For the motion of the body
Displacement (s) =-h

Acceleration (a) =-g(Starting upwards)
Time of travel (t) =t
Initial velocity (u)=u
1 2
From the equation of motion s = ut + at
2
1
⇒ − h = ut − gt 2
2
1
⇒ h = −ut + gt 2
2
1 2
Since gt – ut – h = 0
2
u ± u 2 + 2gh
t= only the positive sign must be taken.
g
u + u 2 + 2 gh
Hence t =
g
The body reaches the ground with a velocity = u 2 + 2gh
Maximum height reached by the body above the top of the
u2
tower =
2g
2u
The time spend by the body above the top of the tower=
g
This theory is applicable to a stone dropped from a raising body like a balloon or helicopter. To
know the position of the stone after a time t, displacement of the stone
1 2
S = ut – gt
2
1) if t < u/g, the stone is moving up.
u
2) if t = , the stone reaches the maximum height.
g
u 2u
3) if t > but t < , it moves down.
g g
2u
4) if t = , the body crosses the horizontal plane passing through the point of projection (or) it
g
reaches the height from which it is projected.
2u
5) if t > the stone is falling below the top of the tower. Thus its displacement becomes
g
negative.
6) A balloon or a helicopter is rising vertically up with a constant velocity ‘u’ .When it is a height ‘h’
above the ground an object is released. Its motion is similar to the body projected vertically up
from the top of a tower of height ‘h’. Relative to earth body goes up and then falls.Relative to the
balloon it falls vertically downward.

7) An object is released from a balloon rising vertically up with a constant velocity. The separation
1 2.
between that object and the balloon after‘t’ is gt
2
8) If a body is projected vertically up with a velocity u from a tower and it reaches the ground with a
u2 2
velocity nu., then the height of the tower is h = (n − 1)
2g
MOTION OF A BODY THROWN VETICALLY DOWN

FROM TOP OF A TOWER
Time taken to reach the ground (t):
1 2
From the equation of motion s = ut + at
2
1 2
⇒ h = ut + gt
2
1 2
Since gt + ut – h = 0
2
−u ± u 2 + 2 gh
t= only the positive sign must be taken.
g
−u + u 2 + 2 gh
Hence t =
g
The body reaches the ground with a velocity = u 2 + 2gh
NOTE:
1.An object is projected vertically up with velocity ‘u’ from the top of a tower. Another object is
projected down from the same point with same speed. If they reach the ground after times t1 and
2u
t2 respectively.t2-t1=
g
2. In the above situation the velocity of both is same on reaching the ground.
( u 2 + 2gh )
EXAMPLE: A man hangs from a balloon which starts ascending with

constant upwards acceleration of a0 = 2 m/s 2 from ground.
After t0 = 4 s , the man jumps (releases) from the ascending balloon.
Find the time measured from the instant of release after which the man
touches the ground.
1 2
Sol: The height at which the man is released, is h = a0t0
2
1
= × 2 × ( 4 ) = 16 m
2

Let the man has an upward velocity v0 the time of release given as
v0 = at0 = 2 × 4 = 8 m/s
Let after a time t from the instant of release, the man will reach the
ground.
Put u = +8, a = −10, s = −16
1 2 1
In s = ut + at , to obtain −16 = 8t + × ( −10 ) t 2
2 2
or 5t − 8t − 16 = 0
2
8 ± 64 + 320
or t= − 2.75 s
10
LEVEL – I
01. Two bodies of different masses are dropped simultaneously from the top of a tower. If air
resistance is same on both of them,
1) the heavier body reaches the ground earlier
2) the lighter body reaches the ground earlier
3) both reach the ground simultaneously 4) cannot be decided
02. Two bodies of different masses are dropped simultaneously from the top of a tower. If air
resistance is proportional to the mass of the body,
1) the heavier body reaches the ground earlier
2) the lighter body reaches the ground earlier
3) both reach the ground simultaneously 4) cannot be decided
03. A ball is thrown in vertical upward direction during its entire course of motion its acceleration is
1) first increasing & then decreasing 2) first decreasing & then decreasing
3) remaining constant 4) continuously increasing
04. A body falls freely from a height ‘h’ sits average velocity when it reaches earth is
gh
1) gh 2) 3) 2 gh 4) g h
2
05. A body falls freely from a height ‘h’ after two seconds if accelaration due to gravity is reversed the
body
1) continues to fall down
2) falls down with retardation & goes up agian with accelaration
3) falls down with uniform velocity 4) raises up with accelaration
06. In the above problem if we assume that gravity disappears instead of getting reversed , the body
1) continues to fall down 2)falls down with accelaration
3) falls down & floats 4) falls down with decelaration.
07. In the case of a body freely falling from small height
1) the changes of position are equal in equal intervals of time
2) the changes of velocity are equal in unequal intervals of time
3) the changes of acceleration is zero in equal or unequal intervals of time 4) None

08. A hydrogen ballon released on the moon from a height will
1) move up with acceleration 9.8ms-2 2) move down with acceleration 9.8ms-2
9.8 -2
3) move down with acceleration ms 4) neither move up nor move down
6
09. A freely falling body traveling xm in nth second distance travelled in n - 1th second is
1) x 2) x+g
3) x - g 4) 2x + 3g
10. A body falls from a height ‘h’ for absence of air resistance time of descent of body is
2h 2h 2h h
1) 2) 3) 4)
g g −a g±a g
11. Three different objects of masses are allowed to fall from rest and from the same point O along
three different frictionless paths. The speeds of three objects, on reaching the ground, will be in the
ratio of
1 1 1
1) m1 : m2 : m3 2) m1 : 2m2 : 3m3 3) 1:1:1 4) : :
m1 m2 m3
12. A body is projected up with a velocity 50ms-1 after one second if accelaration due to gravity
disappears then body
1) floats in air 2) continue to move up with constant velocity
3) continue to move up with accelaration 4) goes up and falls down
13. From the top of a tower a body A is thrown up vertically with velocity u and another body B is
thrown vertically down with the same velocity u. If vA and vB are their velocities when they reach
the ground and tA and tB are their times of flight, then
1) vA = vB and tA = tB 2) vA > vB and tA > tB
3) vA = vB and tA > tB 4) vA < vB and tA < tB
14. At the maximum height of a body thrown vertically up
1) velocity is not zero but acceleration is zero
2) acceleration is not zero but velocity is zero
3) both acceleration and velocity are zero
4) both acceleration and velocity are not zero
15. A body thrown vertically up with velocity u reaches the maximum height h after T seconds. Which
of the following statements is true ?
h u
1) At a height from the ground its velocity is 2) At a time T its velocity is u
2 2
3) At a time 2T its velocity is u 4) none of the above
16. A balloon rases up with uniform velocity ‘u’ . A body is dropped from balloon . The time of
descent for the body is given by is
2h 1 2 1 2 1 2
1) 2) h = ut + gt 3) h = − ut + gt 4) − h = ut + gt s
g 2 2 2

17. In the above problem if body is thrown down with velocity ‘u’ the equation for the descent time is
___
1 2 1 2 1 2 1
1) h = gt 2) h = ut + gt 3) − h = − ut + gt 4) − h = − ut + gt 2
2 2 2 2
18. A ball is thrown in vertical upward direction, during its entire course of motion its speed is
1) first increasing & then decreasing 2) first decreasing & then increasing
3) remaining constant 4) continuously increasing
19. A stone has been thrown in vertical upward direction, from a balloon going up with an
acceleration a. The acceleration of the stone after the throwing is
1) (g-a) upward 2) (g+a) upward 3) g upward 4) g downward
20. Ball A is dropped from rest from a window. At same instant, ball B is thrown downward and
ball C is thrown upward from the same window. Which statement concerning the balls is
necessarily true if air resistance is neglected ?
1) All three balls strike the ground at same time
2) all three balls strike the ground with same velocity
3) all three balls have same velocity at any instant
4) All three balls have same acceleration at any instant
KEY
1) 1 2) 3 3) 3 4) 2 5) 2 6) 1 7) 3 8) 3 9) 3 10) 1
11) 3 12) 2 13) 3 14) 2 15) 4 16) 3 17) 2 18) 2 19) 4 20) 4
LEVEL - II
I. FREELY FALLING BODY
1. The distance travelled by a freely falling body in first 6 seconds is ___
1) 44.1m 2) 28.4 m 3) 122.5 m 4) 176.4m
2. A body falls from 80m. Its time of descent is [ g = 10 ms-2]
1) 3s 2) 4 s 3) 5 s 4) 6 s
3. The final velocity of body which falls from 122.5 m is ___ ms-1
1) 19.6 2) 39.2 3) 49 4) 98
4. A body is allowed to fall freely. The ratio of its displacements in 1 , 2nd and 3rd seconds is
st
1) 1:2:3 2) 1:4:9 3) 1:3:5 4) 1:9:25

5. A body is allowed to fall freely. The ratio of its displacements in 1 , 2 and 3 seconds is
1) 1:2:3 2) 1:4:9 3) 1:3:5 4) 1:9:25
6*. The ratio of times taken by freely falling body to cover first metre, second metre, .... is __
1) 1: 2 : 3 2) 1: 2 − 1: 3 − 2 3) 2: 4: 8 4) 2:3:4
7. Two stones are falling at a place from heights in the ratio 2:3. Their velocities on reaching the
ground are in the ratio
1) 3: 2 2) 2: 3 3) 2 : 3 4) 3 : 2
8. A stone is dropped from the top of a tower of height 125m. The distance travelled by it during last
second of its fall is(g=10ms–2)
1) 22.5 m 2) 45 m 3) 75 m 4) 90 m

9. Two bodies whose masses are in the ratio 2:1 are dropped simultaneously at two places A and B
where the accelerations due to gravity are gA and gB respectively. If they reach the ground
simultaneously, the ratio of the heights from which they are dropped is
1) gA : gB 2) 2gA : gB 3) gA : 2gB 4) gA: gB
10. A body dropped freely from certain height reaches the ground in ‘t’ seconds. The average
velocity during its fall is
1) ½ gt 2) gt 3) 2gt 4) gt2
11. A body is dropped freely from a height h. The average velocity during its free fall is
gh
1) 2 gh 2) gh 3) 4) zero
2
12. The average velocity of freely falling body is 7 ms-1. Then it is released from a height of
1) 5m 2) 10 m 3) 15 m 4) 20 m
13. A body dropped from certain height travels 36% of total distance in the last second of its free
fall. Then the time of its free fall is
1) 3.6 sec 2) 2 sec 3) 4 sec 4) 5 sec
14. If the distance travelled by a freely falling body in the last second of its journey is equal to the
distance travelled in the first 2s, the time of descent of the body is
1) 5 s 2) 1.5 s 3) 2.5 s 4) 3 s
15. The distance travelled by a freely falling body in the first three seconds is equal to the distance
travelled in the last second of its free fall. The time of its free fall is
1) 3 sec 2) 4 sec 3) 5 sec 4) 6 sec
16. The sum of the distances travelled by a freely falling body in 1st , 3rd and 5th seconds is equal to
the distance travelled in the last second of its free fall. The time of its free fall is
1) 2 sec 2) 4 sec 3) 6 sec 4) 8 sec
17. The ratio of the distance travelled by a freely falling body in the last second of its motion and that
in the last but one second of its motion are in the ratio of 3:2. The total time taken by the body to
reach the ground is
1) 5 sec 2) 1 sec 3) 2.5 sec 4) 3.5 sec
18. For a freely falling body, if the velocity acquired is numerically equal to the displacement
suffered, the velocity acquired by the body is
1) g 2) 2g 3) 3g 4) g/2
19*. A body released from the top of a tower of height h takes T seconds to reach the ground. The
position of the body at T / 4 seconds is
h h
1) at from the ground 2) at from the top of the tower
16 4
15h 3h
3) at from the ground 4) at from the top of the tower
16 16
20. A body falls for 5s from rest. If the acceleration due to gravity of earth ceases to act, the distance it
travels in the next 3s is
1) 73.5m 2) 294m 3) 147m 4) 49m
21. A body is allowed to fall from a height of 100 m. After 2 seconds if acceleration due to gravity
vanishes, the total time of its fall is (g = 10 ms-2)
1) 2 sec 2) 4 sec 3) 6 sec 4) 10 sec
22. A body is allowed to fall from a tower 320 m high. When the ball reaches half the way
acceleration due to gravity suddenly disappears. The velocity of the body after two seconds is (g
= 10 ms-2)

1) 80 ms-1 2) 100 ms-1 3) 60 ms-1 4) 56 ms-1
23. A body is droped from a height 122.5 m. If its stopped after 3 seconds and again released the
further time of descent is __
1) 2 s 2) 3 s 3) 4 s 4) 5 s
24. A splash is heard 5.35 seconds after a stone is dropped into a well 122.5 m deep. The velocity of
sound in air is
1) 300 ms-1 2) 350 ms-1 3) 330 ms-1 4) 425 ms-1
25. A body is projected vertically down from the top of the tower. If it travels a distance 30m in the
first second, the velocity of projection is
1) 34.0 m/s 2) 25.1 m/s 3) 30 m/s 4) zero
26. A ball is dropped from a tall building. After is another ball is dropped from the same point.
Their distance of separation after next 2s is
1) 24.5 m 2) 49 m 3) 98 m 4) 19.6 m
27. Two bodies are dropped freely from two points separated by a distance of 10m, one vertically
below the other. After 10 sec of free fall, the distance of their separation is,
1) 10 m 2) 40 m 3) 20 m 4) 20 2 m
28. A body is dropped freely. After 2 seconds another body is dropped from the same height. The
distance of separation between them after 10 more seconds is(g=10ms-2)
1) 140 m 2) 100 m 3) 220 m 4) 110 m
29*. A parachutist drops freely from an aeroplane for 10 sec and then the parachute opens out. Then
he descends with a net retardation of 12 ms-2. If he strikes the ground with a velocity of 20 ms-1,
then the height at which he gets out of the plane is , (g = 10 ms-2)
1) 400 m 2) 500 m 3) 900 m 4) 1300 m
30*. A parachutist drops freely from an aeroplane for 10 seconds before the parachute opens out.
Then he descends with a net retardation of 2.5 ms-2. If he bails out of the plane at a height of
2495 m and g = 10 ms-2, the velocity on reaching the ground will be
1) 5 ms-1 2) 10 ms-1 3) 15 ms-1 4) 20 ms-1
KEY
1) 4 2) 2 3) 3 4) 3 5) 2 6) 2 7) 2 8) 2 9) 1 10) 1
11) 3 12) 2 13) 4 14) 3 15) 3 16) 4 17) 4 18) 2 19) 3 20) 3
21) 3 22) 4 23) 3 24) 2 25) 2 26) 1 27) 1 28) 3 29) 3 30) 1
II. VERTICALLY PROJECTED BODY :

1. A ball is projected vertically upward with a speed of 50 m/s, then (Take g = 10 m/s2).
1) the maximum height reached by the ball is 125 m
2) the time taken by a ball to reach the maximum height is 5 sec
3) the speed of a ball at half the maximum height is 35 m
4) all the above are correct
2. A body is projected with a velocity 50ms-1. Distance travelled in 6thsecond is_ [g=10ms-2]
1) 5m 2) 10 m 3) 15m 4) 20 m
3. A body is projected with a velocity 60ms-1 vertically upwards the distance travelled in last
second of its motion is [ g = 10 ms-1]
1) 35 m 2) 45 m 3) 55m 4) 65 m

4*. A body is thrown vertically upwards with initial velocity 'u' reaches maximum height in 6
seconds. The ratio of distances traveled by the body in the first second and seventh second is
1) 1:1 2) 11:1 3) 1:2 4) 1:11

5. A body is projected vertically up with u. Its velocity at half its maximum height is
u u2 u
1) 2) 3) 2u 4)
2 2 2
6. The velocity of a body moving vertically up is 49ms-1 at half the maximum height. The height to
which it could further rise is
1) 245m 2) 122.5m 3) 61.25m 4) none
7. A body is thrown vertically up with certain velocity. If h is the maximum height reached by it, its
position when its velocity reduces to 1/3 of its velocity of projection is at
1) 8h/9 from the ground 2) 8h/9 from the top most point
3) 4h/9 from the ground 4) h/3 from the top most point
8. A body thrown vertically up with velocity u reaches the maximum height h after T seconds.
Which of the following statements is true?
1) At a height h/2 from the ground its velocity is u/2
2) At a time T its velocity is u 3) At a time 2T its velocity is u
4) none of the above.
9. Two bodies with masses in the ratio 1 : 2 are thrown vertically up with velocities in the ratio 2 :
1. The maximum heights reached by them will be in the ratio
1) 1 : 1 2) 4 : 1 3) 1 : 4 4) 2 : 1
10. Two bodies projected vertically up reach maximum heights ‘a’ and ‘b’. Their velocities of
projection will be in the ratio
1) a2 : b2 2) b: a 3) a : b 4) a: b
11. A body is throw up with a velocity ‘u’ . It reaches maximum height ‘h’. If its velocity of
projection is doubled the maximum height it reaches is ___
1) 4h 2) h 3) 2h 4) 3h
12*. A body thrown vertically up with some velocity reaches a maximum height of 100m. If another
body of twice the mass of the former is thrown with twice the velocity, the maximum height
reached is
1) 400m 2) 200m 3) 100m 4) 25m
13. An object is thrown vertically up with velocity ‘u’ reaches maximum height in time ‘t’. The
average velocity during this time is
1) u/2 2) 2u/g 3) u/g 4) u2/4g
14. On a planet, a stone thrown vertically up with velocity 10 m/s returns to he ground in 4 second.
Acceleration due to gravity on the planet is
1) 20 m/s2 2) 10 m/s2 3) 5 m/s2 4) 40 m/s2
15. A stone thrown up with a velocity of 40 m/s from the surface of a planet comes back to the
surface after 20sec. Time taken by the same stone to reach the planet when allowed to fall from a
height of 50m is
1) 5 sec 2) 10 sec 3) 20 sec 4) 0.8sec

16. A body is projected vertically up with velocity 98ms-1. After 2s if the acceleration due to gravity
of earth disappears, the velocity of the body at the end of next 3s is
1) 49ms-1 2) 49.6 ms-1 3) 78.4 ms-1 4) 94.7 ms-1
17*. A boy throws n balls per second at regular time intervals when the first ball reaches the
maximum height he throws the second one vertically up. The maximum height reached by
each ball is
g g g g
1) 2) 3) 4)
2(n − 1) 2 2n 2 n2 n
18. A juggle maintains four balls in motion, making each of the them to rise a height of 20m from his
hand The time interval that he should maintain, for the proper distance between them is (take
g=10m/s2)
1) 0.5s 2) 1s 3) 2s 4) 3s
19. A body projected up reaches a point A in its path at the end of 4th second and reaches the ground
after 5 seconds from the start. The height of A above the ground is (g = 10m/s2)
1) 19.6 m 2) 30.6 m 3) 11 m 4) 20 m
20. A bullet fired vertically up from the ground reaches a height 40m in its path from the ground and
it takes further time 2 seconds to reach the same point during descent. The total time of flight is
(g=10 ms–2)
1) 4 s 2) 3 s 3) 6 s 4) 8 s
21. A stone projected up vertically with a velocity 19.6m/s reaches certain height in its path at 1 sec.
After how many more seconds it reaches the ground ?
1) 1 sec 2) 2 sec 3) 3 sec 4) 4 sec
22. A bullet fired vertically up from the ground reaches a height 40m in its path from the ground and
it takes further time 2 seconds to reach the same point during descent. The total time of flight is
(g=10 ms–2)
1) 4 s 2)6 s 3) 3 s 4) 8 s
23. The distance traveled by a body during last second of its upward journey is d when the body is
projected with certain velocity vertically up. If the velocity of projection is doubled, the distance
traveled by the body during last second of its upward journey is
1) 2d 2) 4d 3) d/2 4) d
24. A stone is projected vertically up from the ground with velocity 40ms-1. The interval of time
between the two instants at which the stone is at a height of 60m above the ground is (g = 10ms-
2
)
1) 4s 2) 6s 3) 8s 4) 12s
25. A ball is thrown up with a velocity 9.8 m/s. After 1 second another ball is thrown up with a
velocity of 19.6 m/s. What will be the distance between them 1 sec after the second ball is
thrown?
1) 4.9m 2) 9.8 m 3) 14.7 m 4) 19.6m
26. A stone is projected vertically up from the ground with velocity 40ms–1. The interval of time
between the two instants at which the stone is at a height of 60m above the ground is ( g=10ms–
2)

1) 4 s 2) 6 s 3) 8 s 4) 12 s
27. A body is projected up with velocity u. It reaches a point in its path at times t1 and t2
seconds from the time of projection. Then (t1+t2) is
2u u 2u u
1) 2) 3) 4)
g g g g
28*. A stone is dropped from the top of a tower of height 490m. Simultaneously another stone is
projected up vertically with velocity 100ms-1 from the ground. The tow stones meet after a time.
1) 4.9s 2) 9.8s 3) 10s 4) they cannot meet in air
29*. A body is dropped from a high tower and simultaneously another is projected up with a speed of
19.6 m/s from the base. Two seconds later they meet. The height of the tower is
1) 19.6m 2) 89.9m 3) 39.2m 4) none of these
30. A particle is projected up from the ground. Simultaneously another is let fall to meet it, They
meet if they have equal velocities, dropped body has traveled …. Times that of the other
1) 1 2) 2 3) 1/3 4)3/2
KEY
1) 4 2) 1 3) 3 4) 2 5) 4 6) 1 7) 1 8) 3 9) 2 10) 4
11) 1 12) 1 13) 1 14) 3 15) 1 16) 3 17) 2 18) 2 19) 4 20) 2
21) 3 22) 2 23) 4 24) 1 25) 4 26) 1 27) 1 28) 1 29) 3 30) 3
III. BODY PROJECTED VERTICALLY UP FROM A TOWER

1. A body is thrown vertically up from the top of a tower with a velocity of 2 m/s. Its velocity after
two seconds
1) 17.6 m/s 2) 21.6 m/s 3) 20.6 m/s 4) 23.6 m/s
2. A body is thrown vertically up with a velocity of 8m / s from the top of a tower 20m high.
The ratio between this velocity and the velocity with which it touches the ground is
1) 1 : 2 2) 2 : 3 3) 1 : 5 2 4) 1 : 3
3. A body is released from the top of a tower of height ‘h’ metres. It takes ‘t’ seconds to reach the
ground. The height of the ball above the ground at time t/2 seconds is
h h h 3h
1) m 2) m 3) m 4) m
2 4 3 4
4*. A stone is projected vertically upwards from the foot of a tower with an initial velocity 2u. On
reaching the top its final velocity is found to be half of its initial velocity. The height of tower is
u 3u 2 u2 9u 2
1) 2) 3) 4)
2 2g 4g 2g
5. A stone projected vertically up with velocity v from the top of a tower reaches the ground
with velocity 2v. The height of the tower is
v2 3v 2 3v 2 v2
1) 2) 3) 4)
2g 2g g g
6*. A stone is projected vertically upward from the top of a tower with a velocity u and strikes
the bottom of the tower with a velocity 3u. The distance travelled by the stone is

4u 2 5u 2 3u 2 u2
1) 2) 3) 4)
g g g g
7. From the top of a tower a body is projected vertically up with a velocity of 4.9 ms-1. The time
after which it will pass through the point of projection is
1) 1 s 2) 2 s 3) 4 s 4) 6 s
8. A stone is thrown vertically up from a bridge with velocity 3ms-1. If it strikes the water under the
bridge after 2s, the bridge is at a height of (g = 10ms-2)
1) 26m 2) 14m 3) 7m 4) 20m
9*. A packet is dropped from a balloon rising up with uniform velocity 9.8ms-1. If the balloon is at a
height of 39.2m from the ground at the time of dropping the stone, the stone reaches the ground
after.
1) 2s 2) 6s 3) 4s 4) 8s
10*. A food packet is dropped from a helicopter rising up with uniform velocity of 5ms-1. After 2s its
velocity is
1) 19.6 ms-1 downward 2) 14.6 ms-1 down ward
3) 14.6 ms-1 up ward 4) 5 ms-1 up ward
11. In the above problem the distance of separation between helicopter and packet 2s after dropping
it is
1) 9.6m 2) 0.4m 3) 19.6m 4) 29.6m
12 A balloon is moving up with constant velocity of 12ms-1. It releases a stone when it is at a
height of 65 m above the ground. The time taken by the stone to reach the ground is (g
=10ms)
1) 13 s 2) 6.5 s 3) 5 s 4) 10 s
13. A ball is dropped from a balloon going up at a speed of 7 m/s. If the balloon was at a height 60
m at the time of dropping the ball, how long will the ball take in reaching the ground ?
1) 4.3 s 2) 2.5 s 3) 3.5 s 4) 3 s
14*. From a tower of height H, a particle is thrown vertically upwards with a speed u. The time taken
by the particle, to hit the ground, is n times that taken by it to reach the highest point of its path.
The relation between H, u and n is:
1) 2gH = nu2(n -2) 2) gH = (n -2)u2 3) 2gH = n2u2 4) gH = (n -2) 2u2
15*. From the top of a tower a stone is projected vertically upward when it reaches a distance h below
that point, its velocity is double that of its velocity when it was at a height h above the top of the
tower, Then greatest height attained by the stone above the top of the tower is
1) 2h 2) h/3 3) 5h/3 4) 4h
KEY
1) 1 2) 3 3) 4 4) 2 5) 2 6) 1 7) 2 8) 2 9) 3 10) 2
11) 3 12) 3 13) 1 14) 1 15) 3
LEVEL - III
I. SINGLE CORRECT CHOICE TYPE QUESTIONS:
1*. A body is dropped freely from a height h. It crosses a point P in its path, which is at a height of
3h
from the ground in t1seconds and from there it reached the ground t2 seconds. Then t1 : t2 is
4
1) 1:1 2) 1:3 3) 1:4 4) 3:4

2*. If a stone dropped from the top of a tower travels half of the height of the tower during last second
of its fall, the time of fall is (in seconds)
1) 3+ 2 2) 4+ 2 3) 2- 2 4) 2+ 2
3*. Water drops fall from the roof of a building 20m high at regular time intervals. If the first drop
strikes the floor when the sixth drop begins to fall, the heights of the second and fourth drops from
the ground at that instant are (g=10ms–2)
1) 12.8 m and 3.2 m 2) 12.8 m and 7.2 m
3) 19.2 m and 0.8 m 4) 7.2 m and 16.8 m
4. A body dropped freely from certain height reaches the ground in 3 seconds. The ratio of the
distances travelled by it in the last ¾ second and last but one ¾ second is
1) 3:5 2) 5:7 3) 7 : 5 4) 1:2
5*. A healthy young man standing at a distance of 7 m from a 11.8 m high building sees a kid
slipping from the top floor. With what speed (assumed uniform) should he run to catch the kid at
the arms height (1.8 m) ?
1) 9.8 m/s 2) 4.9 m/s 3) 19.6 m/s 4) 2 m/s
6. An NCC parade is going at a uniform speed of 6 km/h through a place under a berry tree on
which a bird is sitting at a height of 12.1 m. At a particular instant the bird drops a berry. Which
cadet (give the distance from the tree at the instant) will receive the berry on his uniform ?
1) 2.62 m 2) 1.62 m 3) 3.62 m 4) 4.62 m
7. A ball is dropped from a height. If it takes 0.200 s to cross the last 6.00 m before hitting the
ground, find the height from which it was dropped. Take g = 10 m/s 2.
1) 36 m 2) 48 m 3) 32 m 4) 18 m
8*. A ball is dropped from a height of 5 m onto a sandy floor and penetrates the sand up to 10 cm
before coming to rest. Find the retardation of the ball in sand assuming it to be uniform.
1) 490 m/s2 2) 980 m/s2 3) 9.8 m/s2 4) 4.9 m/s2
9. An elevator is descending with uniform acceleration. To measure the acceleration, a person
in the elevator drops a coin at the moment the elevator starts. The coin is 6ft above the
floor of the elevator at the time it is dropped. The person observes that the coin strikes the floor
in 1 second. Calculate from these data the acceleration of the elevator.
1) 5 ft/s2 2) 10 ft/s2 3) 15 ft/s2 4) 20 ft/s2
10*. A stone is dropped into a well of 20m deep. Another stone is thrown downward with velocity v
one second later. If both stones reach the water surface in the well simultaneously, v is equal to (
g = 10ms-2)
1) 30 ms-1 2) 15ms-1 3) 20ms-1 4) 10 ms-1
11. A body is projected vertically up with a velocity of 21 ms-1 (g = 10ms-2), The time interval for
which that body is above 16m from the ground is
1) 4.2s 2) 3.2 s 3) 1s 4) 2.2s

12*. A boy sees a ball go up and then down through a window 2.45m high. If the total time that ball is
in sight in 1s, the height above the window the ball rises is approximately
1) 2.45 m 2) 4.9 m 3) 0.3 m 4) 0.49 m
13*. From an elevated point P a stone is projected vertically upward. When it reaches a distance y below
the point of projection its velocity is double the velocity when it was at a height y above p. The
greatest height reached by it above P is
2y 5y y
1) 2) 3) 4) 2y
3 3 3
14*. A stone thrown vertically up with velocity v reaches three points A,B and C with velocities
v v v
, and respectively. Then AB:BC is
2 4 8
1) 1 : 1 2) 2 : 1 3) 4 : 1 4) 1 : 4
15*. Two balls of equal masses are thrown upwards along the same vertical line at an interval of 2
seconds with the same initial velocity of 39.2 ms–1. The total time of flight of each ball, if they
collide at a certain height, and stick together
1) 5s and 3s 2) 10s and 6s 3) 5 15 s and 3 15 s 4) (5+)s and (3+)s
II. REASONING BASED QUESTIONS:

This section contains Reasoning type questions, each having four choice (A) ,(B),(C) and
(D) out of which ONLY ONE IS correct. Each question contains STATEMENT 1 and
STATEMENT 2 You have to mark your answer as
(A) If Statement I is true , Statement II is true; Statement II is the correct
(B) If Statement I is true , Statement II is true; Statement II is not a correct
(C) ) If Statement I is true , Statement II is false
(D) ) If Statement I is false , Statement II is true
1. Statement I : A metal ball and a wooden ball of same radius are dropped from the same height in
vacuum reach the ground same time.
Statement II : In vacuum all the bodies dropped from same height take same time to reach the
ground.
2. Statement I : A body may be moving with uniform speed and non uniform acceleration.
Statement II : A body may have uniform velocity and nonzero acceleration.
3. Statement I : The directions of velocity and acceleration can be in any way.
Statement II : The direction of acceleration depends on the direction force, but not on the direction
of velocity.

4. Statement I : A metal ball and a wooden ball of same
radius dropped from same height in vaccuum reach the ground at the same time.
Statement II : In vaccuum the acceleration of the body is indipendent of the material and shape of
the body moving under gravity.
5. Statement I : A body thrown up from the top of a tower and another body thrown down from the
same point strike the ground with the same velocity.
Statement II : Intial velocity and acceleration are common for both.

1. Two bodies of masses m1 and m2 are dropped from heights h1 and h2, respectively. They reach the
ground after time t1 and t2 and strike the ground with v1 and v2, respectively. Choose the correct
relations from the following
t1 h t1 h v1 h v1 h
A. = 1 B. = 2 C. = 1 D. = 2
t2 h2 t2 h1 v2 h2 v2 h1
2. A body is dropped from a height vertically. Mark correct option(s)
A) during the downward motion of the body velocity at any instant varies linearly with time
B) during the downward motion of the body the square root displacement of body varies to
linearly with time
C) during the downward motion of body square of velocity at any instant is directly
proportional to displacement
D) during the downward motion of the body the distance traveled by it in nth second and (n -1)th
second are yn and yn-1, then yn – yn-1 is always g
3. A particle is projected vertically upward with velocity u from a point A, when it returns to point
of projection
A) its average speed is u/2 B) its average velocity is zero
C) its displacement is zero D) its average speed is u
4. A body is projected with a velocity u vertically upward ground from the top of a tower of height
h.
A) As the body moves upward change in velocity during an interval of time t0 is gt0
B) As the body moves downward change in velocity of the body during the time interval of t0 is
less than to
C) As the body moves downward change in velocity of the body during a time interval of
t0 is greater than gt0
D) As the body moves upward (or) downward the change in velocity of body is always g(t0) in
downward direction.
5. A body is projected from ground with a speed au from ground under the influence of
gravity. Mark the incorrect option(s) from the following.
A) As long as the body is in motion displacement and distance are same
B) As the body is in motion the average velocity, is greater than average speed
C) As the body moves vertically upward (or) downward distance and displacement are equal
in magnitude
D) As long as the body is in motion distance traveled body is greater than or equal to
displacement.

Passage I :
A person sitting on the top of a tall building is dropping balls at regular intervals of one
second.
1. Find the positions of the 3rd ball when the is being dropped.
A) 44.1 .m below the tower B) 19.6 m below the tower
C) 9.8 m below the tower D) 4.9 m below the tower
2. Find the positions of the 4th ball when the is being dropped.
3. Find the positions of the 5th ball when the is being dropped.
Passage II :
A body is projected from the ground vertically upwards. The body is observed to be at
height h above the ground at two times t1 and t2 while ascending and descending
respectively. Based on the above facts, answer the following questions.
1. The height h in terms of t1 and t2 is
1 1
A) h=g t1t2 B) h=2g t1t2 C) h= g t1t2 D) h= g
2 4
h
2. The velocity (v) of the body at height is
2
1 1 1 1
A) v= g t1 B) v= t2 C) h= g t12 + t22 D) v= g t1t2
4 4 2 4
3. The maximum height (H) reached by the body from the ground is
1 2 1 2 1 1
A) H= gt1 B) H= gt2 C) H= g (t1 + t2 ) 2 D)H= g (t1 + t2 ) 2
2 2 8 4
Passage III :
A body is dropped from a balloon moving up with a velocity of 10 ms-1 when the balloon is at
a height of 75 m from the ground. Find
1. The time at which it reaches the ground (g = 10 m/s)
A) 5 sec B) 10 sec C) 2 sec D) 15 sec
2. The distance of separation between the body and the balloon after 2 s
A) 10 m B) 20 m C) 15 m D) 25 m
3. Velocity of the balloon on reaching the ground.
A) 10 m/s B) 20 m/s C) 30 m/s D) 40 m/s

1. If a body is projected vertically up with velocity u, to reach maximum H in time of ascent t.
Column I Column II
u ⎛ 1⎞
a) Its velocity will be after time p) u ⎜1− ⎟
2 ⎝ n⎠
u t
b) Its velocity will be after time q)
2 2
t ⎛ 1⎞
c) Its velocity after is r) u ⎜⎜ 1 − ⎟⎟
n n⎠
⎝
H
d) Its velocity at a height is ⎛ 1 ⎞
n s) H ⎜⎜ 1 − 2 ⎟⎟
⎝ n ⎠
⎛ 1 ⎞
t) t ⎜1 − ⎟
⎝ 2⎠
2. For a body projected vertically up with a velocity v0 from the ground, match the following
Column-I Column-II
Aa) V av (Average velocity) p) Zero for round trip
v1 + v 2
b) U av (Average speed) q) over any time interval where
2
v1 & v 2 are the initial and final velocities in the
time interval
v0
c) Tascent r) over the total time of its flight
2
v0
d) Tdescent s)
g
3. A balloon stars from rest and rises up with constant net acceleration of 10m/s2. After 2s a
particle drops from the balloon. After further 1s match the following(g=10m/s2)
Column-I Column-II
a) Height of particle from ground p) 10SI Units
b) Speed of particle q) 15SI Units
c) Displacement of particle r) 35 Units
d) Acceleration of particle s) Upward
t) Downward
1. A body is projected vertically up a with velocity of gms-1 under the influence of gravity. The
ratio of distance traveled by the body in first second and maximum height reached.
2. A body is projected vertically up with a velocity of gms-1 from the top of a tower of height
⎛ u2 ⎞
h⎜= ⎟ . The maximum height reached by the body from ground is n(g), where n =
⎝ 2g ⎠
………………

3. A body is projected vertically down with a velocity of 2gms-1 from a very high tower. The ration
of velocity acquired by it at the end of 1st and 2nd is n/4. where n =
4. A stone is dropped from a height h. Simultaneously another stone is thrown up from the ground
with such a velocity that it can reach a height of 4h. The time when two stones cross each other
⎛ h ⎞
is ⎜ ⎟ where n =
⎝ ng ⎠
g
5. A balloon rises from rest on the ground with constant acceleration . A stone is dropped when
8
the balloon has risen to a height of 39.2 m. Find the time taken by stone in seconds, to reach the
ground.
LEVEL – III
I. SINGLE CORRECT OPTION
KEY
1) 1 2) 4 3) 4 4) 3 5) 2 6) 1 7) 2 8) 1 9) 4 10) 2
11) 4 12) 3 13) 2 14) 3 15) 4 16) 17) 18) 19) 20)
II. REASONING TYPE QUESTIONS
1) A 2) C 3) A 4) A 5) A

1) A,C 2) A,B,C,D 3) A,C,D 4) A,D 5) A,B,C

PASSAGE – I 1 –A, 2 – B, 3 – D PASSAGE – II 1 –C, 2 – C, 3 – C
PASSAGE – III 1 –A, 2- B, 3- D
1) a – q, b – t, c – p, d – r 2) a – p, q, b – r,s, c – q d – q 3)a – r b – p, c – q,s d – p,t
1 – 1, 2- 1 , 3 – 3, 4- 8, 5 - 4

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PHYSICS

1. PHYSICS FUNDAMENTAL ASSIGNMENT

Dr. K.K.R GOWTHAM 123 VIII & IX SCREENING MATERIAL

Dr. K.K.R GOWTHAM 124 VIII & IX SCREENING MATERIAL

Dr. K.K.R GOWTHAM 125 VIII & IX SCREENING MATERIAL

101) If 2x + 7 = 49 then x = ……..

Dr. K.K.R GOWTHAM 126 VIII & IX SCREENING MATERIAL

Dr. K.K.R GOWTHAM 127 VIII & IX SCREENING MATERIAL

Dr. K.K.R GOWTHAM 128 VIII & IX SCREENING MATERIAL

Dr. K.K.R GOWTHAM 129 VIII & IX SCREENING MATERIAL

191) The value of 19 = …………

Dr. K.K.R GOWTHAM 130 VIII & IX SCREENING MATERIAL

In a right angle Δ sum of the squares of the sides is equal 900

In the given figure according to Pythagoras theorem (AC)2 + (BC)2 = (AB)2

Dr. K.K.R GOWTHAM 131 VIII & IX SCREENING MATERIAL

Then, DB: AD: AB = a : 3 a : a . Hence the required ratio is 1: √3: 2.

By Pythagoras theorem, AB2+BC2=AC2 a

∴ AB: BC: AC = a : a : 3a B 300 300

Hence the required ratio is 1: 1: 3.

Dr. K.K.R GOWTHAM 132 VIII & IX SCREENING MATERIAL

Dr. K.K.R GOWTHAM 133 VIII & IX SCREENING MATERIAL

Dr. K.K.R GOWTHAM 134 VIII & IX SCREENING MATERIAL

12. Cuboid of dimensions (l×b×h)

Dr. K.K.R GOWTHAM 135 VIII & IX SCREENING MATERIAL

13. Cube of side ‘a’.

14. a. The diameter AB of circle having radius ‘r’ is 2r.

c. The area of circle having radius ‘r’ is π r 2 .circle of radius ‘r’.

Dr. K.K.R GOWTHAM 136 VIII & IX SCREENING MATERIAL

and product of the roots (x1x2) = c/a

Dr. K.K.R GOWTHAM 137 VIII & IX SCREENING MATERIAL

Dr. K.K.R GOWTHAM 138 VIII & IX SCREENING MATERIAL

Dr. K.K.R GOWTHAM 139 VIII & IX SCREENING MATERIAL

Another classification of physical quantities:

The direction exactly midway between N and E is called NE.

If the directions don’t fall exactly midway then they won’t be NW N

Dr. K.K.R GOWTHAM 140 VIII & IX SCREENING MATERIAL

Speed=Distance covered by an object/Time in which the distance is covered by the

Dr. K.K.R GOWTHAM 141 VIII & IX SCREENING MATERIAL

• The reading of the odometer as shown in fig. is 251.9 Km

Dr. K.K.R GOWTHAM 142 VIII & IX SCREENING MATERIAL

Dr. K.K.R GOWTHAM 143 VIII & IX SCREENING MATERIAL

Total displacement length of the straight line AB

Average velocity < average speed(for curved motion).

Dr. K.K.R GOWTHAM 144 VIII & IX SCREENING MATERIAL

Dr. K.K.R GOWTHAM 145 VIII & IX SCREENING MATERIAL

Equations Of Motion of a body moving with uniform acceleration:

Dr. K.K.R GOWTHAM 146 VIII & IX SCREENING MATERIAL

Dr. K.K.R GOWTHAM 147 VIII & IX SCREENING MATERIAL

Dr. K.K.R GOWTHAM 148 VIII & IX SCREENING MATERIAL

Dr. K.K.R GOWTHAM 149 VIII & IX SCREENING MATERIAL

11) 3 12) 1 13) 1 14) 4 15) 2 16) 1 17) 1 18) 4

2. The direction represented in the figure is 450 E

Dr. K.K.R GOWTHAM 150 VIII & IX SCREENING MATERIAL

6*. Find the magnitude of displacement (every unit is in

Dr. K.K.R GOWTHAM 151 VIII & IX SCREENING MATERIAL

II. SPEED AND VELOCITY

Dr. K.K.R GOWTHAM 152 VIII & IX SCREENING MATERIAL

Dr. K.K.R GOWTHAM 153 VIII & IX SCREENING MATERIAL

Dr. K.K.R GOWTHAM 154 VIII & IX SCREENING MATERIAL

1) -2m/s2 2) -1m/s2 3) 4m/s2 4) 8m/s2

Dr. K.K.R GOWTHAM 155 VIII & IX SCREENING MATERIAL

1) 2.8m 2) 6.8m 3) 5.6m 4) 9.8m

1) 7 m/s, 17 m/s 2) 17 m/s, 7 m/s 3) 14 m/s, 34 m/s 4) 34 m/s, 14 m/s