| Bg0 888 x20] igh usiufleouenve] Ail Fights Reserved] 2. a w Ga) (iv) @ Ga Gi) Name the different type of water sources used for. water supply schemes. Describe any one of above ‘water source with the help of a neat sketch. (06 marks) Give a sketch of a sanitary dug well used for rural areas. (06 marks) If the water obtained from a deep borehole is found that conlained iron and manganese, describe the ‘method of removing them, (06 marks) Name two types of water seal toilets used in Sri Lanka. © (02 marks) ‘Compare rapid sand filters and slow sand filters used in water supply schemes under the following activities. (@) Rate of filtration (b) Quantity of wash water (© Effective size of sand (@ Depth of bed for gravel and sand (©) Method of cleaning (05 marks) Calculate the area of rapid sand filter producing 6000 m’/d when operating at 5 m/b. How much of ack wash water will be required for this filter, if the filter wash is at 1 m/minute and continues for 5 minutes. (05 marks) Explain the functions of (®) Gate valve (b) Scour valve © Air valve (@ Non retum valve (©) Ball valve (05 marks) Explain how to find “Yield of a well.” (05 marks) Water is pumped from a shallow well in to a service tank supplying water to a housing scheme at the rate of 10 cubic meters per hour (10 mh). The pump is operated for 5 hours each day and chlorine is added to the water at the inlet of the service tank. If chlorine is added at the rate of 1 mg/l using 4 solution of Bleaching powder. Estimate the quantity of bleaching powder required for a period of 3. months. (Bleaching powder has 33% available chlorine by weight) (06. marks) Draw a flow diagram of @ water supply scheme based on the pumping of water from a river showing all major units from the source to consumer in their correct sequence. (06. marks) Name the common water bore diseases - (04 marks) Calculate the water needed per day for a housing scheme consist with 30 houses. (Assume number of consumers in a house is 10) (04 marks) [See page twoGi) (ii) ay) . @ a a ii) (iv) 6 @ wa Gil) (iv) “9s Explain the term “water distribution” (04 marks) What are the factors to be considered when desi yiter supply scheme. (04 marks) Destinguish between gravity water supply system ' ‘water suply system by drawing flow diagrams. ue (08 marks) ‘Why it is necessary to store water in residential bull (04 marks) ‘Write short notes on “wastage of water” in the distribution system. (04 marks)’ ‘The population statistics pertaining to a town area ard’ gWenbelow. Estimate the population expected in 2010 by ineremental increase method. (08 marks) ‘Year 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 Population | 14 000 | 19.000 | 25 000 | 35 000 | 40 000 ‘There are wide variations in the use of water in different hours of the day. Explain it.(0# marks) Explain why centrifugal pumps are widely used in water supply schemes. (04 marks) Draw a flow diagram of an activated sludge sewage treatment plant (06 marks) Name traps used for sanitary fittings. (03 marks) ‘State how water seal in traps could be broken. (05 marks) A drain of internal diameter of 150 mm is laid to a fall of 1 in 100 (0.01) and has a chazy coefficient of 58. The flow in the drain is assumed to be full bore. (@) Determine the anticipated velocity of flow of water in the drain in m/s. (b) Determine the discharge of water in m/s. (06 marks) Hea Define the term “Catchment area” “tis the area of land drained by a single stream or river” Catchment ond watershed ore equivalent terms ‘A pasture land with loam soll has a catchment area of 1450 mA rainfall event which lasted for 4 hours had depth of 120 mm. Determine the peak discharge of the catchment in m’/ Sac. @2 jp im — Fo.smhex 9952] fio.tsm/so. —o-th-| —— ton * Calculate the discharge ofthe stream in m/sec 3, Ifthe water demand is 980 m'/ day determine the storage capacity of the reservolr? [Months _[F__[M M [fp JA |s Jo [N[o Flow (130 [as 45 [4 [4 |3 10 |2 |i [9 | 95 tm?)in | 1000 | Or question on page 82 os. Discuss “efficiency of open impeller pump is generally ‘much less than of a closed impeller centrifugal pump” as. A centrifugal pump driven by an electric motor lifts water from a well at a depth of S mand delivers through pipe main having a length of 300 m to a storage tank 45 m above ground surface, ifthe pump efficiency is 80% and motor efficiency Is 85% and the diameter of pipe is 10 em, calculate the following; 1. Head loss in pipe (friction loss) 2. Water horse power required 3. Power required by motor 4, Cost to pump 4 milion litres of water at a pumping rate of 1500 Its/mnin assumer@f’= 0.025_Wawevath na (OVC - Akavane’, ou? . “fon 0812492398) G99 859 rE] coegd ul caPlaanor mig] Al Rights Reserved] Answer only five questions. Lo Discuss briefly the variation of quality of available Water with the nature of ‘the source of water. (04 marks) (G3) What are the basic rales tht shouldbe considered in selecting a location fora well for domes puzposes? (04 marks) ii) Discuss three feasible methods that could be applied to improve the yield of an existing well, (06 mars) (iv) “Monthly floyy records of @ stream is given below. . Meath pye|mM|atu sos} s}als}ofnwio Flow (a) X 10] 130 | 3 ]4s] 4] ¢ | 3] 0 |.2-[.s4 | op f 23 [os If the. watec demand of the town is 980 m3/d,’ what should be the storage capacity of the ResefVoir? \ (06 marks) Y (What is the fimetion of a “Spilway” in a reservoji? (02 snacks) Gi) Why is the new ‘waier tieatment plant at Ambatald does not inchde separate’ Aeration Componeas? ‘ (03 masks) (iii) gravity spring is. selected as a source for a water Supply. project in & rural area, It is necessary to investigate the suitability of sbove water source permanently to the scheme, What ate the factors to” be considered, when selecting the appropris 8 of the source. (04 marks) (iv) Explain for what purpose the each of following chemical is used. in the process of water treatment, #* AL(So), 18 Ho * Cao * Ca (oc), # Na,Co, (4 marks) (v) Whe required dosage of alum is 10 mg/€ to treat 7000 3 = | Water flow. Find the monthly cost of alum needed. to treat the water. Assume cost of alum is R&. 110 per kg. (04 marks) SF (GD) A water sample contain 18 mg /4 of Cat and 20 mg / of Mg, What is the total hardass in the sample. (Ca’= 40, Mg = 24, C = 12, 0 = 16) (03 marks) x A Explain how would you clean a slow sand filter. (02 mars) Gi) A water supply scheme consists two gravity filters which are capable of treating medium turbid river water. One filter is kept stand by and the other filter operates, Using the following data, find sow much of the filtered water required for backwashing. (Give as a percentage). [See page 0Working time of filter Rate of filtation Ox 5m "Sos 6 imimutes (07 marks) Area of the, filter’. 3. (igaitd Rate of back washiig MUS ot “Time of back washing ii) outline the advantages’ of pre-chlorination used. in Water teatmént. (03° marks) } 3m! of a concentrated solution of chlorine was adéed-to\000 m’ of-a filtered water. if the chlorine concentration in the filtered Water irimediaely after mixing was 0:15 mg. Dettnine he eoricentratioti of cl, im the solution added, © ~ (05 imarks) (¥) Explain the importance of the “Sar - Test". (03 marks) (Q. What are.the respective functions of the following valves.used in water distribution system? %(@) Scott salve : (0) Air valve (©) Gate valve (06 marks) Gi). Draw & neat labelled sketch of a flexible joint used for water main, (03 marks) are the four main types of layouts of distribution network in a water supply system? Describe ‘two. of them. : (08 marks) Met ae the conimon software application used in water datibution system? (03 marks) Explain the terms “hydraulic gradient” and “tesidval pressure”, (05 marks} i) Name ‘different types: of pumps usec in water éupply ~ 3 marks) “Gi)_What are th e factors to be considered when selecting a pump for water supply? (04 marks) Gv) Water’ ftom'a. reservoir is pumped over a hill at the rate of 230 4 through pipe of diameter 200 mi. A pressure Of 140 kpa is maintainéd at the top‘of the hill which is 45 m above L.W.L (low water level) of the reéervoir minor losses may be neglected. Calculate the. break power of the pump required: | / . hf = friction loss = 23°m 1 efficiency’ of pimp = 68% =~ (08 marks) @_ What are pathogenic’ micro-organis ins? (02 marks) (02 marks) (i) -Where are drop man’ oles used and why? Briefly explain the flinctions of a Septic tank using a neat labelled sketch. (04 marks) Civ) @ A Tiekling fer teats a waste water flow of 96 m? f, with BOD, of 180 mgr. Volume organic loading and hydraulic loading are tor be limited to 1.0 ky BOD, /, 4 and 10 my respectively, Assuming 10 re-circulation, determine the diameter and effective m : d depth required for the wicking filter. (06 marks) (b) Could it be possible for a wastwater sample to have a numarically higher value of COD than BOD? If not why? (02 marks) (¥) Outline the objectives of primary and secondary treatment for waste ater. (02 marks) eee CP oO8 B8x8 q BSE] i gage 297 aa Ber Oaa9 agertasPatgd | Driiwad ucmes Samannenis Deparment of Exaninaions, 5 Lanka Dereie cde (EO | coniGea) mvh8m HedoSst ogna Ql OH ,.2 OS mo 3 OB —_ Brow 1992 (1995 ged¢) “ 1 tis (asf 8:6 Beano) (2) BB¢ g-Sexi5, Bywe Wo : 2 Ro 2,2 pun cond BER Sozzio. Lv ceedmadatam G02 020668 Bs -oaBargngd» djxS8e8 WOOL! Ofe! © Baddeingwer Hel, Dugas 909 Dsl Qo ecu BEayest, dowd oSeded ggg EBD seigat Om, e@Oed uae eDsicd emad BOD ROR OGD MOD gostsDED eufe® GDeinIDDE (md COA, - 8D Gog0e nEbmmndced DONO SOUOSO qe O Gum GmeL Gods BdzID, (cag 20 8) 4 BOD cBateabin %, 2X symm cm DO Ode EB UAB 7 Gal gd. nD eB ees woBe mdm 8, 20°C Becewene in 5 ai qusmedt 8, oboe eBings me DO GOs) GRCA3 4 ot GQ Be. ome aque! ganOed BE_gg cnenie. zs @) 20°C cwessivs Woes! Eo 5 ot Aeed, aloe Bedwas még easter! na? (eG 02 B) (2) BOD veg ates eqntct mPa gems emot ¢? (cag 04 8) (a) 20°C eessibast § Ga S\27 Bea Hee (reaction rate constant)k G qa 02314 06 m8, cxBoced so ~ ote : 4e34 10 8) L) OB ee g@rae quineBat B59 a aka sem Ogun OG SAE DdcIn cosiges mace (time of concentration) =E8 axez (time of flow)ew qz2d S8eB soca (inlet time) (eaG 06 8) (o)_ mm 580%, 3 sf dont ome gke®, . Sabky 15 QGst P Oindat enen 64 km? Qe addin, B6 QE giread & exrdad0a9 (e020) (eng 14 8) 4. 43200m Yd seocent Ba Ad eqem we eg. om gin orbs De mS &. ereims dodo & mh et ont soda Gj 14 90 U6, J6unYmth mais? Sgmucdlal, Bag ows Aes eae eyed. eodnst eR exlgetsl, Ot dx cadom but 30d io ox GuomBaDsset awnd0 gd OD mee 2E gemaet soden0e sedis! ég30 G25AMM'h expo Ba geo. Onl Cel Ommedt Gago Dtemowe TSH? 4 2 006 6 a6 BR © dei mOCeost (Fapid gravity filers) aeg@ BIE com eqnst Ob) Asia mdeien. (e) qBe2 8m eBdmxt da 909 (omg 06 8) (qp) ext det endoxt dame! Daoce (cag 0 3) (a) © 089 eqn EBLE aca Bm = c% dest BBicms (cag 05 8)paltion eno ate a ihe Res 7 4 5. (@) BOD 30mg B85, $600in'/d =F am do, eyed hge® BOS equ, moblg codnenkd (trickling 8 filter) 088m efjo-e ‘econteand Oxnmn-Oy-Gomed (Conventional activated ‘aeration tank) O80 Scans eradigns s60h5, =~ Gover wwe qhabm yond gatnosl ¢ mabe adcin craig coGm Om eos EYOH@ = O1ZkgBODIMA tmonle, ooGenen! BS", 220m i Beak, Speied (ASP) ead® ©:o}® = 06DKg BOD (md ne damm OpBed 0 oi =30m aoe quota Boab OB, easgn e¢ BOD OBst 80K 5! gPxt AF et, (cx 08) (eo) nek Gyo eOsuRC Onde ¢ M6 © east ow Dab B- BORE AHP Se exnBororde sen ceo, “AEE Sree Bnd dud Garde cma0 ADO «, east Be BE’ goP Soe ‘pf ombm 4004, Do Br i patent enetd (B Oo kE BdzID. (oa%gil0 8) gut a) oot enva AB cote (ass orsinple diagram) eaBoaass, 98 deamae G27 ssid (Storage oan Capacity) Stee de qyaode endseel Belad esto. (cag 05 8) / " 2 BO le) ebpiie Otined Bc oo carte cinindia Opeel gHangrardeaet Ae 92 (9005 1d om egOB= Bie cee oie eecigmnens eonPoast 89 exit enleat emedt <@ ¢sipsin (cag 0 8) 4 im sei (qq) cddo engbs (loa solid®) e@cla gocRSa He sPs (tae suspended solids) om e8dm'g02 8 9 con), Gp cbrnbs qt 2a eBabeeintonded f bei D9] EMEP? {otal dissolvedsolids) Beis mde gens () o adecnt oS 88 Bde. “(eae 8B) (a) a4 uot (ois stg 36r on Sp 751 on cw aepinytenneneg) © f Bit Righes Resersed} : & coor Done ugotonticlgd | Bowens) ulcer) sianedsens /Depirment of Examination, Si Links GOVERNMENT TECHNICAL OFFICERS (CIVIL / MECHANICAL) IST, 2ND AND 38D EXAMINATIONS, 1992 (1995 April) (Chird Examination) (4) CIVIL ENGINEERING | Tt Three hours ‘Answer any five questions. ity land is considered as the most reliable and least expensive of house refuse disposal methods; however, theté is a'shit now towards reclamation and re-use of materials for various . feasons rclated to the environment." Discuss this, in the fight of the latest developments in solid waste Management (20 meas) SN 2 tn W BOD test, dihition. water containing Ting/l DO at 2% n was usedl. At the end of the 5 days“incubation-at 20°C, 4 nig/ DO had been depleted in the sample bottle, Answer the following = () Why are samples incubated at 20° C for 5 days? (02 marks) (b) > What is meant by fist stage BOD? (08 marks) (©) Compute the ultimate BOD and BOD’: of the sample, if tie reaction rate constant k at 20°C is equal to 0234. (UD marks) : (© State two fecios tat may affect the reaction rate constant ke (0# marks) - 2 @) sin the following terms used in connection with the estimation of stomavater : ‘Time of concentration, Tine of ow and lake time.” (06 mart) (©) One of the formulae useé in estimating the rainfall intesity (R) in mm/h is given by _ faz 028 254) np ey a= (MOERR 28H] eg = Oy where F = Retum period in years {= storm duration in hours. Determine the nun-off in m?/s ftom an area of 64 km? for storms of 15 minutes duration with retum petiods of 5 years and 10 yours. Assume that the Impermeability (or Run-off) coefficient for the whole awa as 025, (14 marks) 4. A set-of Rapid Gravity 15 is to be designed to weat 43200 mid. Following data are applicable : Noginal rate of Glation = Sam" /mi h sh filer is washed every 24 hours for 5 minutes at a backwash rate of 36 m* fm? h Dus to washing of filters ch filer will be out of operation for 30 minutes/d and during this’ period, the fileation rate in other Gilters should not exceed 625 m? fn h ‘Masimuro area of each unit to be limited to around 75 eequired. : Fikenxd water wsed (or baclwnhing} a) ) (@) ) © obs z Compare the args of Tricking fker and conventional Activated Shalge Aeration Tank lor tcating *, a wastewater Now of $600 m*/d with 300 mg BOD Use"the following additonal data Organic loading on the Trickling Filer 012 kg BODIn’ Depth of Tickling Fiter = 20m Organic loading in th Aeration Tank (ASP) 060 kg BODIn! « Liquid depth of the Aeration Tani 3.0 m Primay weatment removes 30% of the BOD applied. (1 masks) explain with neat sketches, wet and dry Wells cype sfastewater pumping’ sation and exptin how you will ensure tha the pump does not start too frequently and also the wastewater does rot become septic in the wet wel. 110 marks) Bricily describe how you would determine the storage capacity of reservior using, Mass or Ripple dingrar. (06 marks) Indicate in graphical fom, a typical system head and pump charvcteristies curve ond show liow you would select a suitable centtfugal pump for the. system using this (6 murs) What_are Total Solids (TS), Total Suspended Solids (TSSY and Total Dissolved Solids. (TS)? Explain biieMly how you would determine TDS in the taboratory? (OS suis)Bog © B808 1088) ig 00 sinpecayer.ugy) All ight Reserved} $ cra0 Damo ecestineBaD / Basimai) ufteeeh smedeend ‘1 Department of Examinations, Si Lanka GOVERNMENT TECHNICAL OFFICERS (CIVIL / MECHANICAL) ST. 2ND AND 3RD EXAMINATIONS - 1993 (1900) (Third Examination) (42) Civil Engineering - 1 Three hours Anover only five questions. All questions camry equal marks 3 © What is the-meaning of following terms? (@) Turbidity (b) Alkalinity © pH ‘What is the importance of them in water treatment? - Tevestigations have been carried cut to find a source or a drinking water supply scheme to a small township. © Explain the following unit operaions used in sewerage treatment, (@) Screens (©) Grit chamber «iy tank is 4 days, (2) What is the volume of the tank? (© I ground water level is high what sort of soakage arrangement do you suggest? A Cant 3s the indicator organism wed to measure fecal potltion in water? Gi) Consider the chlorine reaction equation ass delat = ~ke k = 0.008%/minute © = concentration of chlorine Hf ehorine is dosed atthe rate of 3 mg, wht is dhe concentration Of chlorine at the end of a long distribution (2) FExplhin combined residual, tre residual and brea poit chlorination, {0 Trpltin the meanings of BOD, & COD. What is the ratio of CODIBOD, in domestic sewage, (2) was planned to consinet a water apply scheme for town of $6 000 population. 20% of the population 35 million cupees what is the minimum ‘selling orice you suggest for one unk of waler to coves the peration and maintenance cost.5. (@) What is the meaning of self-cleaning velocity in sewers? Gi) What are the factors affecting the head loss when liquid flows under pressure, in conduits? ii) Water is pumped from a well 10 metres deep to s tank 20 metres above the ground. Length of the pumping ‘main is 750 metres. Head loss in the pipe during pumping is 0-05 metres/metre, Jt takes 4 hours to Fill this tank of 50 000 lit. Whit is the niinimom brake power of the pump you recommend to use for this system, if efficiency of the pump and motor is 70%? Gv) Explain the importance of power factor corrections in large pump honses. 6. Write short notes on the following : Rapid sand and stow sand filters. Gi) Sluice vaives, Butterfly valves, Pressure reducing valves, Break pressure tanks,Sen, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Ah DEPARTHENT. OF -EXAMINATIONG-SRI° LANKA! © GOVERNMENT. 2ECHNTCKL. OFFSCHRS(CIVEL/MECHANTCAL)FTRSM ,SECQND ,2HTRD ay weet g exdvtnatrong , 1991 (i992) oh 7 (42)) CIVIL ENGINEERING-I1 = ‘nswer any-FIVE questions qe (a) Describe briefly either the multiplestuba fermentation: ‘teghnique or the membrane filter technique used for testing Faecal Coliforms in Water, . 012 marks) 0 (b) Bop “and Boda of a wastewater are 270 mg/l and.,360.ng/1. respectively. Determine the average rate of oxidétion (or reaction rate constant) “af this Wastavater assuming the typical BOD equation to be. abs kn gelkn exe! (08 marks) - ats Nigh ERA HT 2-*(a) Define’ the ferns Inlet time, Tike of Hew and Time of concentration “sea in. the estination ‘of storm water flows... | 406 ‘ndirks) So hagebe os “7 ™(b) How does industrial wetewater charecteristtes differ from that of Sonestic wastewater? Name major treatment unite which are used in os industrial wastovate vsbeineitt’ vit’ Hot cémndn' th domestig wastewater . treatment. =" (08 mirks) *(c) What is Mase or Ripplo diagram? Briefly describe how you would determine ‘the storage ‘capacity of a Feservogr using this diagram (06 marks) 3. (a) Describe briefly the following filters used in water treatment: (i) Dual media filters > (#2) DeeVining wate Fitters! (42 marks) (e) two éhemdcar process units used in vate treatment haye the following, details: Unit & Unit B Type Plug Flow Complete Mixed Flow . Reaction rate Constant 5/e 15/4 Tnéluent 6 2 80 ing/i eer tion OF mg/1) thasy. ten dlaemasorr aft pinesMy j te tedhuos Re: weg DEPARTMENT OF EXAMINATIONS=SRI LANKA. BCHNICAL OFFICERS(CIVIL/MBCHANICAL)P:RT Ipll @ rrr . (1983) JUNE 1990 - CIVIL ENGINSERING-I1(A+B) 4983 3 hours, Answer any-five questions, (a) Describe with neat sketches, the following wastewater treatment methods: : (A) _Oxidetiqn(Pasveer type)ditch, (ii) Fagultetive type waste stabilizatién pond. ° 4 ® ‘ . i (10 marks) (») Show thet the/surfdce loading rate ‘is indepéndent of the depth J of the tank in an ideal Settling tank. “(04 -marks) (c) Explain the modified activated sludge, process ‘based..cri- contact I stabilizgtiony > hos marks) 2.(a) what are low, high and conventionally loaded biological treatment units? oo a (04 ‘marks) (b) A house drain of diameter 150 mn is laid to a gradient of 1 in 19 Using the partial £1cw diagram providedg determine the discharge ° when the pipé flows 40% of its depth (1ge & = O64)... assume n= 0.013 in ve Hes, (06 marks) (c) The total head loss through a weter main consisting of two pipes 4 and B in series is 6.75 m. The pipe. A is 300 mm in diameter and 400 m long, while pipe B is 250 mm dn diameter and 200 m. long It has béen recommended to extend the system by a third pipe c of length 150m, while maintaining the total head loss at 11.5m, Tf the coefficient o£ friction” equals 0,021, 0.023 and 0.022 fo pipes 4,B and C respectively, calculate the diameter of the. third Pipe ¢ in order to maintain the’ same flow rete, (10 marks) 3.(a@) Driefly describe the plug flow, completely mixed flow and -, Gispersed flow reactors used in wastewater treatment. (99\ marks) m/d of sett: Wastewater is.to be treated in an activ: gn th ant. De. aeration tank volume using the. 2g pe . resent population of 28000 in a town grows at a’ geometgic 4 water supply scheme with a design life of yours is to be.conétructed witn 60% of ‘the designed population |} supplied with house connections at’ 150 Iped and the balance served from stand posts at 50 lpcd, Special‘or institutional demands are ¥ estimated at 1000 m/a and the uhaccounted water is 15% of the accountable water, The “expected daily demand curve at four hourly intervals is given below: ‘Time in hours, ‘| 0 4 Ratio of hour; to average our: ms a4 iu Determine the storage capacity Of the service reservoir and pumpitig” rate: (a) when punping from 5 aym,-to 1.00 psme, te Hy (8), When pumping from 6 a.m, to 6,00 p.m (20 marks) 5.(a)Describe briefly the following £ilters sea in water treatment: _Y (4) Dual media filters. en) Declining kate filters. (12 marks) yb) Rapid sand gravity filters are to be designed to supply a scheme where the average deily demand is 14,500 m°/d,. Détéimine the mair dimensions ané:‘the number of filters. required uging the followin _ data: ” ipo et : 27 Rate of filtration =5.0-a/h Peak demand( daily) = 1.6 x, average daily demand. . tal€e maximum length of £ilter as.6.Q Dd “length to vith ratio to be 1,5 vA (08 es Cehpeosits using flow diagrams, the various units of (4)a water « ystom based on gravity scheme ang (ii) a water supply’ system on pumping scheme, Suggest suitable design periods for each unit, (08 ma- ig akade facilities. (06 mari. 5 (b) Outline the basic design principles of a septic tank includii Jorinatio (eo) explain cerms, supar ch ion with distn