= 9 bE Lili Ree ee ee hardly (hen) Hardly had th new law been introduced when the mistake was realised. scarcely (.. when} Searcely had | opened the front door when I ieard a noise from the kitchen. barely... when! Barely had we solved one problem when another one arose ‘no sooner... than) 'No sooner had the alarm gone off than the police arrived. only Only in an emergency should you dit 999, only ater Only after! had checked that the burglar had let call the police only wien Only when we agree what measures are needed wil we be able to Solve the problem. ot unt [Not until the next election wil we know Now the public fel about his news atno time/point/stage ‘At no point iI realise that he was the Prime Minster. inno way | In no way does this decision represent a change in government policy ite | Lite cic Ralph know that the burglar wes til inside his house. never "Never have | heard such a ridiculous suggestion! not not only (.. but also/too) Not one vote cid the proposal receive, Not only has this government failed but it has also stolen ideas from other parties. ‘on no account On no account should you try to tackle a burglar yourselt rarely Rarely do the newspapers present a balanced view of current events. seldom ‘Seldom do people leaving prison stay out of trouble. under circumstances __| Under no circumstances will we accept an increase in working hours. ity not unt and ont (wher/atte), you nave to be careful to invert the verb and subject in the main clause. Inversions with adverbial expressions of place (+ verb of movement/position) here | Here comes te iinister now. there | There stood the next king of England, adverbial phrases At the top of society are the aristocracy. | Beside the Town Hall stood the public brary. In this prison are housed some of the most dangerous criminals. | | On the corner of the street sat 2 homeless man, participle phrases |_ Running down the road was a young man with a woman's handbag under his am. in short answers using $0, | voted fr Smith ‘dont bebeve a word this goverment says.” neither and ror id you? So did 1 ‘No, neither do after as, than, so and such | Lam very worried about bullying in the school, as are a lot ofthe parents. The police inthis area make more arrests than do officers in other parts ofthe country. $0 rare is burglary here that many people don't bother to lack their doors | Such public interest was there inthe story that it was on the front pages of the newspapers. in conditional sentences | Were the Foreign Secretary to resign it would cause serious problems for the Prime Minister. (see Unit 11) Should the Foreign Secretary resign, it would cause serious problems forthe Prime Minster. Had | known about the crime problem, | would never have maved here. 154oe Complex sentences Unit 19 all that) All that Keith wanted was to get his money back. To get his money back was all that Keith wanted. Itis/nas ... who/which/that | It was Carol who/that called the police the... thing The first thing is to check to see what's missing To check to see what's missing is the first thing. the day/ete wien/that The year when this government came to power was 2006. te day/ete or/in/at which | 2006 was the year when this government came to power. 2006 was the year in which th's government came to power. the person who/that The person who stole the money was Thomas. Thomas was the person who stole the money. the place where The place where the Queen stays in Scotland is Balmoral Caste, Balmoral Caste i the place where tie Queen stays in Scotland. te reason tty) The reason (why) | joined ths poltical party was to make a difference To make a difference was the reason (why) | oned ths polticl party. the thing that The thing that annoys me isthe boss's attitude. The boss's aide s the thing that annoys me. what What annoys me is the boss's attitude. The boss's atitude is what annoys me. what. do/tid What Churcil dd was bring people together. |ttserensharoend | Wht happened wa tat wes sate man eave ese Listas \With it is/was... in cleft sentences, there are two possibilities when the subject is @ pronoun. They ditfer in formality ¥ Itwas | who stole the money. (formal) ¥ it was me that stole the money. (informal) Pyare 50 ‘tall happened so quickly that I cdh't have time to see the man's face. This problem has gone on for so long that | don’ think they'll ever find a solution It was so terible a crime that the judge sentenced him to Ife m prison There is so much crime around here that Im thinking of moving. such This problem has gone on for such a long time that | don't think they'll ever find a solution, It was such a terible crime that the judge sentenced him to life in prison. There is such a lot of crime around here that I'm thinking of mowing, too | had too ite time to get a good look at his face. This problem seems to be too dificult for them to solve. |The police responded too siowly to have any chance of catching the burglar. fencugh __| There just aren't enough police oficers on the streets. The poice weren't quick enough to catch the burglar. ‘The police didn't respond quickly enough to catch the burglar. ‘So and such can also be used in various ways without a that clause. ¥ There's 50 much crime around here these days. ¥ Paltcs isso boring! v You're such a bully! ‘We only use too to describe something that is more than necessary and which has a negative effect. tis not the same as very, really, extremely, etc tis not necessary to add an extra object in sentences such as the following: 2 This probienrseems torte too oificatt or thenr to sate Enough usually comes before nouns and after adjectives and adverbs, 155