County Examination Questions, State of Kansas - Vol 17 To 18

County examination questions, State of Kansas : January, 1901 to
October, 1901 ; with answers.

Kansas.
https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uiug.30112070922262
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Examination Questions,
JTATE OF KANJAS,
January, 1909, to October, 1909.
UUITH ANSIDERJ.
No. 17.
To PEKA, KANs. :
JOHN MAC DONALD.--
1910.
Entered according to act of Congress in the year 1910,by
John MACDONALD,
In the office of the Librarian of Congress.
at Washington.
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2 */ / / 3
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c.
1.
N, 17-13
Index.
PAGEs.
ExAMINATION January 30, 1- 24
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1909.
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June 25 and 26, 1909. 25– 55
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July
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August
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and 1909. 87-121
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August
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20 and 21, 1909. 122-155

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October 29 and 30, 1909. 156-186
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PAGES
RITH METIC
9, 7, 6, 3, 1,
25, 56, 87, 122, 156

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ALGEBRA. 27, 57, 89, 125, 159
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GRAMMAR. 31, 62, 93, 128, 162

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GEOGRAPHY. 33, 64. 95, 130, 164

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UNITED STATES History. 85, 66, 98, 132, 167

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GENERAI, HIStory. 10, 37, 67, 101, 185, 168

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KANs As History. 12, 39, 70, 104, 137, 171

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READING 13, 41, 72, 106, 140, 172

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ORTHog RAPHY 14, 43, 73, 108, 141, 173

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PENMANSHIP. 15, 45, 74, 109, 143, 174

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THEORY AND PRACTICE. 16, 45, 75, 109, 143, 174

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PHYSIoI.OGY.. 17, 46, 76, 112, 146, 177

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UNITED STATEs Constitution...19, 47. 79, 113, 148, 179

ENGLISH LITERATURE. - - - 20. 49, 80, 115, 149, 181
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PHYSICs. 21, 51, 82, 117, 151, 183

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BookEEPING 23, 53, 84, 119, 153, 185

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R
‘P4384)";
()
f
County Examination Questions.
January 30, 1909.
ARITHMETIC.
1.—State three principles of the Roman notation. wº
Ans.—(1) When a letter of less value is placed before
a letter of greater value, the value of the less letter is to
be taken from the value of the greater letter; thus, IX,
mans 1 from 10, or 9.
(2) When a letter of less value follows one of greater
value the former is to be added to the latter; thus, XI
means 10+1, or 11.
(3) Repeating a letter repeats its value.
2. Copy and add. (No credit to be given unless the
sum is correct): -
8973
9783
7669
4867
8496
5387
8568
7456
8496
3978
7654
6887
7976
8699
9765
Ans.—Sum is 114,654.
3.—Illustrate objectively the addition of .3 and
.5.
...Ans.—Any object may equal parts,

10
be
divided into
e.g., an apple. Then an apple=.8
of
of
an apple-H.5
of
.3
an apple.
4.—The longitude one ship 14° 23' 12" west, and
of
is
of
that another What the difference

is
is
28° 48' 56" east.

their longitudes?
of
Of their times?
SoLUTION.
14° 23' 12" west
28° 48' 56" east
longitude.
8"
15
difference
in
43° 12'
L
hr. 52 min. 48%.5 sec. difference time.

in
2
2 COUNTY EXAMINATION QUESTIONS.
5.—A farmer reaps a 12-foot swath entirely around a

wheat-field 40 rods by 80 rods. How many square rods
does he reap the first time around?
Ans.—The swath cut may be divided into four rectan
gles, two of which are 80 rods long, and two 40 rods
—2X2%3 rods) or 381%3 rods.
80 sq, rds...}<2%3X2=1161%3 sq. rās., area of two side
rectangles.
38.1%3 sq. rās.X%3X2=56%21
1161%3 sq. rās.—H56%21 sq. ras.-1725%21 sq. rās., the area
-
of the swath.
6.—A man lost 25% of his money, and after losing 20%
the remainder had $3,584 left. How much had he at
#rst?
SoLUTION.
100%—his money.
100%–25%–75%, what remained after the first loss.
20%=%
3%of 75%=15%, second loss.
75%–15%–60% or $3,584, what remained
$3,584––.60=$5,973%, what he had at first.
7.—A man paid interest at 6%, compounded annually, on
a note of $275 for four and one-half years. How much was
required to pay the note?
SoLUTION.
$275X.06=$16.50, Int, for first year.
$275-H$16.50=$291.50, Amt. for first year.
$291.50X.06=$17,49, Int. for second year.
$291.50+$17.49–$308.99, Amt. for second year.
$308.99X.06=$18.54, Int. for third year.
$308.99-1-$18.54=$327.53, Amt. for third year.
$327.53X.06=$19.65, Int, for fourth year.
$327.53–H519.65=$347.18, Amt. for fourth year.
$347.18X.03=$10.415, Int, for 6 months.
$347.18—H$10.42=$357.60, Amt. due at the end of 4 years,
6 months.
8.—Which pays the higher rate of interest, Central Elec
tric 5% bonds at 98, or First National Bank stock at 175,
paying an annual dividend of R f
SOLUTION.
5% stock pays $5 per ($100) share.
$5–$98, cost per share=.05%9 or 5%.9%, rate of income.
8% stock pays $8 per $100 share.
$8–$175, cost per share=.04% or 4%%, rate of income
on First National Bank stock. The Central Electric pays
the higher rate of income at a ratio of 5%9:4%.
STATE OF KANSAS. 3
9.—The area of a triangle having a base seven inches

!ong is 31.5 square inches. Find the area of a similar tri
angle having a base twenty-eight inches long.
Ans.—The areas of similar figures are to each other as
the squares of their like dimensions.
72: 282 :: 31.5 sq. in. : 4:
31.5 sq. in.)(28X28
=504 sq. in. area.
7X7
10.—Develop by a drawing the rule for finding the area
of a circle, having given the circumference and radius.
Ans.—A circle may be divided into triangles, the circum
ference being the sum of the bases, and the radius being
the altitude of the triangles.
BaseX% alt.=the area of a triangle.
% the altitude is therefore A, the radius or % the diam
eter of the circle.
or
(Rule 1) di.=
...
%
the circumferenceX% radius
area of the circle.
,
But 3.1416Xdiameter=the circumference.

..".
3.1416Xdi.X%di.=area
*%
or (di.)2X3.1416=area
or
of
(Rule
2)
di.2X% (3.1416)=area circle

or 3.1416Xdi.X% radius=area.
3.1416X rad.X% rad.-area.
2
(Rule
3)
or
radius”x3.1416=area.
ALGEBRA.
1.—(a) From subtract 104*y—44°yº-H
jº,
548 yº–H104.4y—6ygé
5v28.
(b) From ar?--2cy-H3+8 subtract 2ba”—3ay—caºy.....
y
54:898–H10++y—69 g3
4
3
0.
—44.858–1044+5y28
+948v8+2044y -11ygº
(b) ar?--2cy-H3+89
2bar”—Bay—caºy
ar2+2cy--3aºy—2ba”--3ay-Hcaºy
by
2.—Multiply 54.8 y—3ar 5.xy”—2a4.

SoLUTION.
5483–3aw.
54:yº—2ax
25-y-15a rºys—10aa”y+6a*a*
*
3.—Define factor, multiple, prime quantity, composite

quantity, factoring. -
of
of
Ans.— (a)
or
factor number one two more

A
is
a
numbers which . when multiplied together, produce the

number.
(b) A multiple of two or more numbers is the result
obtained by multiplying the numbers together.
(c) A prime quantity is a quantity not divisible by any
quantity except by itself and unity.
(d) A composite quantity is one which may be resolved
into factors.
(e) Factoring is the process of resolving quantities into
component parts called factors.
4.—Factor: (a) b2–(4–y)*. (b) 9a”—15a–14. (c)
25b.4—b2c2+64c4. (d) asb8—cºds.
Solution,
(a) b%–(4–y)*=(b-Har—y) (b—a-Hy)
(b) 9a2—15a–14= (3a–7)(3a–H2)
(c) 25b8—b2c2+64.c4=(25b4+80b2c2+64.c4)—81b2c2---
(5b2+8c.2)2—81b2c2=(5b2+sc2+9bc)(5b2+8c2–3ba)
(d) asb$—c8d8= (a+b++-c4a3) (a4b*—c4d4)=
(a4b*-ī-c4.d4) (a2b2+-c2d2) (ab-i-ca) (ab–cd)
5.—Reduce to lowest terms:
a2—b2 (1–42)2 6c”—5c—6
(a) (b) (c)
a2+2ab-Hb2 (1+x)3 8c”—2c—15
SoLUTION. -
(a) a”—b” (a+b)(a—b) - a-b

a2+2ab-I-652 T (a+b)(a+b) "Ta-Eb.
(b) (1—r”)2 (1+z) (1–2) (1+z) (1–2) (1—r)*

(1++)3 (1+x) (1+x) (1++) (1+x)
(c)
6c2–5c–6 (3c-H2) (2c—3) = *H*
*) Sc2–2c-15T (4c–H5)(2c—3) 4c-H5
6.—Solve:
a;+9 23, 800–6
*,
++= ==+
(a)
8
*
34—2y=
e:
1
(b)
4-H4y=19
SOLUTION.
(a) 35++315–H404–844—168–1–420
354-H404—844 –—168–H420–315
—94"––63
—r=—7
4:=7
STATE OF RANSAS. 5
º
(b) (11 34—2y=1
(2) 4-H4y=14
^ (3) 34–23)=1
Multiplying No. (2) by 3 3++12y-57
Subtracting —14y-—56
—y=—4
3)=4
++16=19
ar=19–16
Ar=3
3)=4
7.—A had twice as much money as B; C 1% times as
much as A; D 4 as much as A, and they all had $50.
How much had each?
SoLUTION.
Let x=the number of dollars B has.
:24 =the number of dollars A has,
$64–the number of dollars C has.
%ar=the number of dollars D has,
++2++%x-H4%x=what all have.
$50=what all have.
..".
Ar-i-2a-i-Šàr-H%ar=$50
64-H12++16++3+=300
37 re-$300
ar=$8%7, B's.
24-$16847, A's.
%ar=216%11, C's.
%ar=$4%7, D's.
of
8.—A can do piece work days, days, and

in
in
B
a
7
C
do iſ,”
In
days. how many days can they all together

it;
of
Let ar=the number days

in in in in
which all do together,

it
%=what can do one day.

CB A
14=what can do one day.

%=what can do one day.
all can do one day,

in
+=what
%+%+%–what all can do one day.
in
44%+%=+
...
63++454-1-35.r=315
1434-315
ar=22%43 days.
GRAMMAR.
“In a word, the war of the United States against Spain was
the war of the American citizen breathing the spirit of his
country, against a nation which once dreamed of ruling the
world, but which has held back with arrested progress
for three hundred years, while the neighboring nations have
been advancing. It was made by a people filled with human
sympathy, and the spirit of progress, against a people
characterized by an incorrigible hardness of heart and a
... persistent rapacity which have proved their ruin.”
The first five questions refer
to
the above selection.
1;
(a) “war”, line (b) “nation”,
of
Give the modifiers
1.
ine
sº;
3.
li
“The" and “of the United States against

“”
pain.
(b) “a” and “which (line advancing” (line 6).
3)
.
.
“has held”, line
of
Give the modifiers
2.
4.
-
Ans.—“Back”, “with arrested progress”, “for three hun
dred years”, “while .advancing.”
.
.
.
.
.
as
Select three participles used adjectives, and state
3.
what each modifies.

Ans.—“Breathing” modifying “citizen”.
“Filled” modifying “people”. (line 6).
“Characterized” modifying “people” (line 7).
2;
Give the syntax (a) “war”, line (b) “spirit”,
of
4.
2;
line (c) “spirit” line

7.
(a) Grammatical subject

of
the sentence.
(b) Object “breathing” which the ad
of
of
the basis
is
jective element modifying “citizen”.

the compound
in of
(c) The base

of
the second member

object
of
“with” line
6.
3;
Parse (a) “ruling”, line (b) “which”, line

9.
5.
Ans.— (a) Present active participle “to rule”, used

of
as
noun, and the object

of
here “of”.
is
a
(b) Simple relative pronoun, person, plural number,

3d
its
“hardness” and “rapacity”.

to
agree with antecedent

Nominative case, subject “have proved”. Used con
to
of
nect the clause, “which have proved their ruin” with the
compound antecedent
of
“which”.
the special object requiring pupils
to
of
What
6.
is
write (a) reproductions; (b) original stories?

Ans—Improve and test memory form and expres
of
.
s1O11.
(b) Improve imagination, and create style and expres
sion peculiar
to
the individual.
State the advantages and disadvantages parsing
of
7.
according set form.

to
a
-
STATE OF KANSAS. 7
Ans.—Advantages: Secures accuracy, is economical

both in time and effort. -
Disadvantages: Tends to rate work without requiring
reason and analysis.
8. Write a paragraph of eight or ten lines on “My
Favorite Study.”
(The examiner will grade upon structure, spelling, punc
tuation and capitalization.)
Ans.—[For the applicant.—ED.]
GEOGRAPHY.
1. Give three illustrations to show how certain facts of
elementary geography may be presented concretely.
Arts.-(a) Apple or orange to illustrate the rotundity of
the earth, the cause of day and night, and the seasons.
(b) Points of compass by noting the position of ob
jects when facing in different directions,
(c) Inequalities of earth's surface as to mountains, º
plains etc., from sand-box work.
2. Give with reasons, the order in which you would pre
sent the following topics in the comparative study of coun
tries: Commercial relations; relative importance; physi
cal features; forms of government.
Ans.—Physical features, form of government, rela
tive importance, commercial relations. Because this or
der proceeds from that which appeals to the senses merely
to that which is more abstract.
3. (a) What causes the apparent movement of the sun
north and south in the heavens? (b) What is the measure
-
of this movement in degrees?
Ans.— (a) The obliquity of its ecliptic.
(b) 23% degrees.
4. Define and give an example of (a) mountain system :
(b) plateau; (c) plain ; (d) river-basin.
Ans.—(a) A series of chains or ranges connected and
belonging to the same general uplift of land. Rocky
-
Mountains.
(b) An elevated plain.—Thibet.
(c) A comparatively level tract of land elevated not
over a few hundred feet.—Kansas. At least the greater
portion of its surface.
(d) The slopes of land and channels which determines
the flow of the water and the course of the river.—The
Connecticut.
5. Which grand division of land has the most (a) regu
;
8
lar
ple:
COUNTY
coast-line?
conditions
EXAMINATION
(b) irregular
QUESTIONs.
coast-line? (c) How do

affect the wealth and power of the peo
Ans.— (a) Australia, South America, Africa, in the or—

der named.
(b) Europe, Asia, North America, in the order named.
(c) The regular coast-line gives few good harbors, and
thus is not so favorable to commerce and consequent
civilization.
6. What is the direction and approximate distance of the
Hawaiian Islands from San Francisco 2 What are their
(a) physical features; (b) principal city; (c) government f
(d) chief export?
Ans.—Southwest, 2418 miles, 7 days on a steamer.
High volcanic peaks of a submerged mountain
hº
chaln.
(b) Honolulu on the island Oahu.
(c) Territory of the United States.
(d) Sugar.
7. Trace the shortest all-water route from New York to
Manila.
Ans.—Atlantic Ocean, Mediterranean Sea, Suez Canal,
Red Sea, Arabian Sea, Indian Ocean, and China Sea.
8. The Mississippi is said to be the most important river
in the world. Give two reasons to support this claim.
Ans.—It and the Missouri River have such a wide basin
of fertile, cultivated land, extending from the Rockies to
the Alleghanies. It is a waterway from the Great Lakes
to the Gulf and the Ocean.
9. What is the difference between a physical and a politi
cal map? In what grade or grades or at what age should
children be taught how to read a map?' State the impor
tance of such training?
Ans.— (a) The former presents the natural features of
a country, mountains, rivers, plains, lakes, harbors, etc.
The latter presents the divisions of the surface into
governments and states.
(b) Such instruction should begin in the third or fourth
year of school life.
(c) It keeps in mind the relative distances and direc
tions of points and places upon the earth's surface, thus
enabling the student to give to each place, state and peo
ple a “local habitation and a name.”
10. Name and locate a national park in the United States.
Why is the nation spending so much money on forest
reservations?
STATE OF ExANSAS. 9
Ans.— (a) The Yellowstone Park,

in the northwestern
corner of Wyoming.
(b) To conserve our national resources, and save the
tremendous loss of timber from waste and fire.
UNITED STATES HISTORY.

1.—What should be the purpose and character of his
tory work in the lower grades?
Ans.—To excite love of country and pride in the accom
plishments of the great and good men who have made its
history. It should be largely in the story or anecdate
form, so conducted as to excite the liveliest interest and
enthusiasm.
2.—What is the special value of debates upon historical
topic? State three questions suitable for this purpose.
Ans.—(a) They fix the theories and principles upon
which our government is founded and operated, thus lead
ing to intelligent citizenship.
(b) Resolved, That taxation without representation
was a good and sufficient cause for the revolt of the
original colonies.
Resolved, That Hamilton exercised a better influence in
shaping our national policy than did Jefferson.
Resolved, That the maintenance of a protective tariff is
essential to our welfare as a nation.
3.—(a) When and by whom was Acadia settled? (b)
By what war did England secure title to the country?
and (c) during what war did the earile of the Acadians
occur?
Ans.—(a) The French, in 1604.
(b) Queen Anne's War, in 1713.
(c) French and Indian War, in 1755.
4.—(a) What colonies were united in 1643 under the
title of “The United Colonies of New England”? (b)
What was the object of this union?
Ans.— (a) Massachusetts (including New Hampshire),
Hartford, New Haven, and Plymouth.
(b) To protect themselves from common enemies, In
dians, Dutch, French, and the possible outcome of the
Civil War in England.
5.—What is known as (a) the critical period of our his
tory? (b) the era of good feeling?
2
Ans.— (a) From the close of the Revolutionary War to
the adoption of the constitution.
(b) Monroe's two administrations.
6.—Name two events occurring between 1840 and 1870

that assisted in the rapid development of the 'Pacific'
Coast.
Ans.— (a) The Mexican War.
(b) The discovery of gold in California.
7.—What was the attitude of each of the two political
parties between 1830 and 1850 on each of the following
questions: (a) Internal improvements? (b) United States
Bank º' (c) protective tariff f
Ans.—The Whigs were for and the Democrats against
all three propositions.
8.—Mention three of the earpedients resorted to by the
government to meet the ea penses of the civil war.
Ans.—Issuance of greenbacks, national bank currency,
income tax, increased tariff duties, bonds.
9.—What two questions of importance were settled by
the civil war?
Ans.—Abolition of slavery, and the question of “State
Rights,” or the sovereignty of the nation over the states.
10.-State how you may use to advantage a good news
paper in connection with your work in history.
Ans.—Let a portion of general exercises be devoted to
telling the story of current events either by yourself or
by pupils. Devote a few minutes of every history recita
tion to current events, showing their relation to events re
corded in the text-book.
CENERAL HISTORY.
1.—Discuss the social conditions that obtained under
feudalism.
Ans.—They were very unequal and very unjust. The
extremes were far apart and clearly marked as hostile.
The condition of the serfs was pitiable, and society was
organized upon the principle that might makes right, and
-
brute force and wily graft were rampant.
2.—Write briefly of the character and the work of Fred
erick Barbarossa.
Ans.—Frederick “Red Beard” was emperor of Germany
during the Third Crusade, and was probably drowned
while crossing a swollen stream in attempting to lead his
army overland to Jerusalem. On account of the uncer
tainty of the manner of his death a legend grew up that
he was sleeping in a cave and would one day wake to
regenerate the German empire. He is one of the heroes
of the Germans.
STATE OF KANSAS. 11
3.—Give date and general causes of the crusades.

Ans.— (a) There were four major, four minor, and one
Children's crusades. The Major Crusades were: The
First, 1096–1099; the Second, 1147–1149; the Third, 1189
1192; the Fourth, 1202–1204.
The Minor Crusades were: The Fifth, 1216-1220; the
Sixth, 1227–1229; the Seventh, 1249–1254; the Eighth, 1270
1272.
The Children's Crusade occurred between the Fourth
and Fifth Crusades, 1212.
(b) The eloquence and fanaticism of Peter the Hermit
and Pope Urban II; the threatened attack upon Constan
tinople; the ambitions of kings and war lords; remorse
for sin and wrong-doing, and the love of war and adven
ture were the principal causes which incited Europe to
the frenzied enthusiasm of the Crusades.
4.—State the results of the crusades upon Western
Europe.
Ans.—They increased the wealth and power of the
papacy. They broke down the power of the feudal aris
tocracy and exalted that of the people and the kings.
Cities gained in politics and influence by the poverty of
| so many marauding nobles, who granted them free char
ters in return for gold. They checked the Turkish con
quest and stayed the fall of Constantinople for more than
three centuries, and thus enabled Western Civilization to
grow strong enough to beat back the Moslem hordes in
the 15th century. They brought to Europe the science
and learning of Asia; stimulated intellectual activity; gave
commerce new life, especially that of the Italian cities;
and gave the incentive to geographical study and mari
tine enterprise which led to the discovery of America.
5.—What is the significance of the rise of the towns in
the twelfth and thirteenth centuries?
Ans.—The rise to power of the commercial classes, and
the assumption by the citizens of those towns of civil and
political rights.
6.—State the more important provisions of the Peace of
Westphalia. -
Ans—Lessened the dominions of the Holy Roman Em
pire; gave territory to Sweden, France, Switzerland, and
the Netherlands . Placed Catholics, Lutherans and Cal
vinists upon the same basis, and left the states of the em
pire almost independent of the emperor.
cºnte
reat.
a brief sketch of the work of Frederick the
Ans.—He made Prussia Austria's equal, and established

the policy by which Germany became unified, being crys

tallized eventually about the kingdom of Prussia.
8.-Describe the social conditions in France immediately
preceding the Revolution.
Ans.—The church and court were both unspeakably
corrupt and debased. The condition of the people, even
in relation to the common needs of life was miserable in
the extreme.
KANSAS HISTORY.
1.—Discuss the following topics: (a) Work of the early
Indian missions. (b) Topeka free-state movement. (c)
The work of John Brown. (d) The part of Kansas in
the civil war.
Ans.— (a) Pioneer settlers. Made peace with the In
dians. Gave them instruction.
(b) Topeka convention framed a constitution Novem
ber 11, 1855. Adopted December 15, 1855, by vote of 1,731
votes for to 46 against. January 15, 1856, officers elected.
March 4, 1856, legislature met. Adjourned to meet July
4. On that day disbanded by federal officers; but met
again January, 1857, and March, 1858. On this last date
it had no quorum, and adjourned sine die.
(c) John Brown was an operator of the underground
railway; was an ardent supporter of the free-state move
ment; was concerned in the killings of the troublous times
before the war.
(d. In proportion to population she sent more soldiers
than did any other State in the Union, and her troops
fought upon battlefields in all sections of the country.
2.—Name and locate (a) the State educational institu
tions, and (b) the charitable institutions of the State.
Ans.— (a) The State University, Lawrence; the State
Normal School, Emporia; State Agricultural College,
Manhattan; and the several branches of the school and
college at various points in the State.
(b) Insane Hospitals at Topeka, Osawatomie and Par
sons: Boys' Industrial School, Topeka; Girls' Industrial
School, Beloit : School for Feeble-minded Youth, Winfield;
School for the Blind, Kansas City; School for the Deaf,
Olathe.
3.—What were some of the evils sought to be remedied
by the Farmer's Alliance Movement?
Ans.—The Alliance asked for: Relief for the debtor
class; a stay law for two years; measures to help mort
gagors; pro-shipper legislation against railroads; election
$TATE OF KANSAS. 13
of railroad commissioners by the people; election of Unit

ed States Senators by the people; the initiative and refer
endum in legislation.
4.—Write briefly of the work of the Kansas State His
torical Society.
Ans.—One of the greatest institutions of the State, col
§.
lecting, classifying, and making available materials not
of the past but also of the present- history of the
State.
5.—What are soºne of the important topics to be dis
cussed before the present Legislature?
Ans.—Guaranty of bank deposits, public utilities com
mission, anti-lobby law, legislative reference library, tax
ation laws, consolidation of boards of control of penal in
stitutions under one body, good roads measures, and
school legislation.
READING.
1. What relation earists between emotion and tone
quality?
Ans.—Quality is the attribute of the voice by which
emotion is expressed as the orotund is used to express
sublimity, the aspirate, fear, etc., etc.
2. Outline your method of conducting a lesson in English
classics.
Ans.—First, prepare by knowing fully:
(a) Something of the author.
(b) The conditions and purpose of the writing.
(c) All allusions and references contained in the selec
tion.
Second, recite:
(a) Read forcefully and clearly.
(b) Tell all the principal points of interest.
(c) Repeat the selection in student's own words,
(d) Compare with other classics.
3. What are the use and value of the phonic method in
teaching reading?
Ans.—Secures proper enunciation and pronunciation,
without burdening the mind with arbitrary names of let
ters.
4. Indicate the grouping and emphasis in the following
selection from the Second Reader:
“They said, ‘Let us kill Columbus! Then we can sail
back to Spain.”
One day they saw some birds. Columbus said, ‘Land
must be near, for such birds never fly far from land.’
[4 COUNTY EXAMINATION QUESTIONs.
One morning, soon after this, a sailor cried, ‘Landſ land f'
There it was, a beautiful island! At last they came to
it.
Columbus knelt under the tall trees. He gave thanks to
God, who had brought them safely to the new land in
the west.
This new land in the west, that Columbus found, is our
own beautiful land.”
Ans.—[For the applicant.—Ed.]
5. In teaching the following selection from “Thanatopsis,”
as part of a Fifth Reader recitation, what questions should
be asked and what instruction given :
“The hills,
Rock-ribbed, and ancient as the sun, the vales.
Stretching in pensive quietness between ; . . . .
The venerable woods; rivers that move
In majesty, and the complaining brooks,
That make the meadows green; and, poured round all,
Old ocean's gray and melancholy waste,
Are but the solemn decorations all
Of the great tomb of man! The golden sun,
The planets, all the infinite host of heaven,
Are shining on the sad abodes of death,
Through the still lapse of ages.” —Bryant.
Ans.—[For the applicant.-E.D.]
ORTHOGRAPHY AND ORTHOEPY.

1, 2, 3, 4. Spell the following words, to be pronounced
by the examiner:
athletic cemetery
cistern muscle
character disappear
sentence principle
irresistible candidate
accident skillful
decimal a11114
sement
blamable eulogy
77tassacre misspelled
partition immediate
declarative benevolence
recommend earcellent
intemperance
Ans.—[For the applicant. See any dictionary—ED.]
5. Define: Letter, vowel, consonant, elementary
- sound,
vocal, subvocal, aspirate.
STATE OF KANSAS. 1%
†-(a)free,A character
SOtunOl.
used to represent an elementary
(b) A open sound of the voice.

(c) A sound made by the obstructed voice or breath.
(d) A simple, uncompounded sound. -
(e) Sound having vocality as distinguished from aspir
ation.
(f) Mixed vocality and aspiration.
(g) Sound having the quality of breath only.
6. Give the meaning and illustrate the use of the follow
ing prefixes: de, mis, meta, per, semi, sub, ab, tri, un, dis.
Ans.—de—from ; depart, to part from.
mis—wrong, wrongly; mistake, to take wrongly.
meta—change; metamorphosis, the change
of
form.
...
per—through; perceive, see through.
to
semi–half; semi-annual, half yearly,
sub—under; suburb, under city.
abstract,
to
ab—from draw from.

;
tri—three; triangle, figure having three angles,

a
wn—not; unnatural, not natural. -

dis—apart; disjoin, join apart.
to
Analyze the following words Digraph, transporta

7.
tion, pitchfork, atheist.

Ans.—Digraph—di, two, and graph, writing.
across, portare, carry, tion the
to
actTºporation-trans
of.
Pitchfork—two words pitch and fork, meaning the fork
or instrument with which material pitched.
is
without; theos, good; ist, one who.

a,
Atheist—
a
Discuss the results that should be secured through

8.
the right teaching orthography,

of
Ans—Proper pronunciation, proper spelling, and

proper use of words.
PENMANSHIP.
good writing?
of
1.—What are the essentials

Ans.—Legibility, form, and rapidity.
2.—Define (a) muscular movement; (b) whole-arm
the proper use
of
movement. (c) What each?

is
of
Ans.— (a) Muscular movement movement

is
the
a
by
forearm produced resting the arm on the flexor muscle

the forearm, swinging the hand
of
free movements with

in
as
the little finger moving pivot. (b) The whole-arm

a
movement movement of the whole arm, with no rest

is
a
excepting the end the small finger.

of
be
should
It
used
only when there no rest for the forearm. The muscular
is
16 COUNTY EXAMINATION QUESTſox's.
movement is preferable because it affords more ease, move—

ment, and rapidity.
3.-What are the advantages of correlating penmanship
with other subjects?
Ans—It makes pupils more careful in daily work and in
time there will be but little difference between daily manu
scripts in the various subjects and the specimens in pen
manship. This is a desirable end to be attained.
THEORY AND PRACTICE.

1.—What alternation of subjects is required in the com
mon school course of study?
Ans.—Reading 4 and Reading 5 both together taking the
work of the Fourth grade in 1907-08, and Fourth and Fifth
grades taking Fifth grade work in 1908-09. Reading 7 and
8 alternate, similarly. Also, Classics 8 and 9; Language
3 and 4, Language 5 and 6, Geography and Physiology 4
and 5; Geography 7 and 8; History 8 and 9; Spelling 5
and 6; Spelling 7 and 8.
2.—What relation exists between memory and attention f
Ans.—The closest. Attention is the precedent state for
memory. The more absorbed the former, the more perfect
and lasting the latter.
3.—What relation should earist between the study period
and the recitation period?
Ans.—The former should be much longer and freer from
distraction.
4.—State either (a) five of the recommendations of the
Kansas Educational Commission or (b) the chief recom
mendations concerning education in the message of Gov
ernor Stubbs.
Ans.—Recommendations of Commission: -
1. Commission to codify present school laws and recom
mend further legislation.
2. Make seven months in a year the minimum term of
school in all public schools.
3. Consolidate weak and small districts.
4. State aid to weak consolidated schools.
5. Appointment of an inspector of common schools.
6. Introduction of elementary agriculture or house econ
omics or both as a branch upon which to examine teachers
for certification.
5.—Outline a plan for moral training.
Ans.—Give anecdotes and biographies illustrating home
ly manly virtues. Get children to do the same. Tell the
STATE OF KANSAS. 17
story of Christian, Great Heart, etc. Seize upon daily in

cidents in school and homelife to enforce lessons of hon
esty, veracity, courage, self sacrifice, etc.
6.—Of what value to discipline is the -sentiment of the
school?
Ans.—Hsprit du corps is of more force in the school
room than in any other place. The public sentiment of the
school unobtrusively directed is all that is necessary to
secure the best order and highest discipline.
7.—Of what value in character-building are the actions
of the teacher in connection with school government?
Ans.—Everything depends upon the example she places
before them. Her deeds and ideals mould the life that is
to be more effectually than do those of any other save
those of the mother.
8.—Give the use and relative value of individual, group,
and class instruction.
Ans.—The first named is for growth of individual mind
and character. The other two are for disciplining and
testing the masses. The nearer instruction comes to being
personal, the more valuable is the result. Hence ,the three
forms of instruction are named in their order, the best
coming first.
9.—Give three purposes of the recitation.
Ans.—Knowledge-getting, mind development, testing
- the
results of study.
10–Give the reasons for teaching agriculture in the
rural schools. -
Ans.—To make education practical and correlate the
schoolrom to the nearest activities of life.
PHYSIOLOGY.
1.—What aid to the teart-book should -be supplied in the
º
study of the skeleton?
Ans.—That of an object lesson. The shape, character,
attachment, and purposes of the bones can be studied.
Also the size, outline, and walls of the cavities of the skull,
thorax, abdomen, and pelvic region can be under
Stood.
2.—What are three functions of the liver?
Ans.—To secrete digestive fluid, remove poison from the
blood, form a part of the secondary or relief circulation,
and store sugar for needs of system.
3.—Describe the lymphatics as to (a) distribution, (b)
valves, (c) relation to tissues and veins.
Ans.— (a) They form a connecting link in the complete
circulatory system and convey the lymph from the peri

phery to the center.
(b) Supplied with numerous valves, like those of the
veins, to prevent the reflow of their contents.
(c) In the capillaries some of the plasma passes from
the walls of the vessels into the spaces between those
walls and the substance of the tissues around. This fluid
nourishes the tissue elements. This fluid is then picked
up, by the 1pmphatic tubes and is poured into the venous
system just before entering the heart.
4.—Of what value is drawing in studying physiology?
Ans.—It furnishes object lessons, fortifying and illus.
trating the text.
5.—What are the effects of alcohol on the brain?
Ans.—As the center of the nervous system the brain is
affected by the withdrawal of water, by paralysis of the
nerves, by inability to perform intellectual functions, by
loss of control over muscular system, by the deterioration
of its tissue.
6.—What are the special effects of tobacco on the young?
Ans.—Retards growth, enfeebles the body, deprives the
red corpuscles of oxygen, produces palpitation of the heart,
interferes with the adjustment of the muscular movements,
inflames the throat membranes, impairs the hearing, in
jures the bronchial tubes.
7.—What are the following, and how are they removed
from the body: (a) Carbonic-acid gas; (b) ureaf
Ans.— (a) The waste resulting from the action of oxy
gen upon the tissues in the circulation of the blood. By
respiration.
(b) The waste of nitrogenous matter, which is excreted
mainly by the kidneys.
8.—How are the germs of malaria conveyed from person
to person? What sanitary measures are effective in re
moving the source of the contagion? -
Ans.— (a) By breathing the same air.
(b) By cleaning up the breeding place of the germs, ad
mitting sunlight, and treating with disinfectants.
9.—What is the method of testing the hearing of pupils?
Ans.—By noticing the sound apprehension when the in
dividual is not expecting it by using ordinary sounds, as
of conversation, watch ticking, etc., at varying distances
and directions, and pitched upon different keys.
10.-What are (a) pleurisy; (b) anemia?
Ans.— (a) Inflammation of the protecting membrane of
the respiratory organs, the pleura.
STATE OF RANSAS. 19
(b) A morbid condition in which the blood is deficient

in quantity or quality.
UNITED STATES constitution.

1.—Define government. Describe briefly our plan of gov
erſtºn ent.
Ans.— (a) The machinery employed by a people to con
w
duct their public affairs.
z (b) Republican in form, its work is done by representa
tives or agents chosen in conformity to an organic law
adopted by the people called a constitution. It operates in
three great departments: the legislative, or law-making:
the judicial, or law-interpreting; and the executive, or
law-enforcing department.
2.—State five powers of Congress; two powers denied
Congress. -
Ans.—(a) To coin money, to establish post offices and
postal routes, to make bankruptcy and naturalization laws,
to declare war, and to lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts
and excises.
(b) To pass ear post facto laws or any bill of attainder
of treason.
3.—How are vacancies in Congress filled?
Ans.—By appointment of State executive until an elec
tion can be held in the Senate. By special election in case
of the vacancy occurring in the House.
4.—What power has the speaker of the House over legis
lation?
Ans.—By present rules he is almost supreme.
5.—What legislative and judicial powers has the Presi
dent?
Ans.—Legislative. He may sign or veto bills, and with
the advice and consent of the Senate make treaties.
Judicial. He has none.
6.—State the classes of cases over which the federal
courts have jurisdiction.
Ans.—All cases arising under the constitution, the laws
and treaties of the United States; affecting ambassadors,
consuls, and other public ministers; admiralty and mara
time jurisdiction; United States, a party; between two or
more States; between a State and a citizen of another
State; between citizens of different States; between citi
zens of same State claiming lands under grants of differ
ent States: between a State or citizens thereof and foreign
states, citizens, or subjects.
tate the rules governing
it.
7.—Define naturalization.
20 COUNTY EXAMINATION QUESTſoxs.
Ans.— (a) The process by which a foreigner renounces

his allegiance to any other state or sovereignty and be
comes a citizen of the United States.
(b) Congress prescribes the rules, and the only limita
tion upon its power is that it shall be uniform. The proc
ess is too long to detail here.
8.—Give the number of Senators and Representatives in
| Kansas Legislature, the length of term, and the salary

of each.
...Ans.— (a) Forty Senators, $3 per day for 50 days of a
regular session ,and mileage. The same for a special ses
sion, limited, however, to thirty days. Term is four years.
(b) One hundred and twenty-five representatives. Same
compensation. Term is two years.
LITERATURE.
1. What good and what harm is possible from the ex
tensive reading of current magazines and newspapers?
Ans.—Good results from the knowledge of current
events and keeping in touch with living questions of the
day. Bad results because much of the matter is written
hastily, inaccurately, and from a prejudiced point of view.
The reader hurries over the reading, does not digest and
compare, and consequently becomes superficial and care
less himself.
2. How would you correlate literature and reading?
Give an example.
Ans.— (a) By having the students becme familiar with
the work from which the selection read is taken, and with
the author and his times and work. Every reference and
allusion to literature and history should be looked up and
tunderstood.
(b) In reading “Snow-Bound” the pupils should be re
quired to know the life and writings and character of
Whittier, and in reading liness 66 to 92, each reader
should be able to repeat the story of Aladdin's Lamp,
explain fully the allusion to “Egypt's Amun,” and tell in
his language the meaning of every figure of speech
ºwn
uSeOl.
-
3.—Write a sketch of Hawthorne.
Ans.—Nathaniel Hawthorne was born at Salem, Mass.,
July 4, 1804, of sturdy, seafaring, Puritan stock; was grad
uated from Bowdoin College, Maine, in 1825; published
Twice Told Tales. The Snow Image, Mosses from an Old
Manse, Grandfather's Chair. The Scarlet Letter, The
House of the Seven Gables, Marble Faun, and numerous
STATE OF KANSAS. 2]
other tales, stories, and romances. He was employed in

the Boston Custom House, was concerned in the coop
erative community of Brook Farm, was consul at Liver
pool, returned to America in 1860, and died in the arms
of Franklin Pierce in 1864.
4.—The “Scarlet Letter” is considered one of the great
est novels by an American author. What did you find in
this novel to support this claim f
Ans.—The wonderful delineation of Dimmesdale's strug
gle, and of Hester Prynne's sacrifice and the atonement of
both, in its masterly analysis of human hopes and needs,
makes it second only to the studies of William Shakespeare.
5—Name several of Hawthorne's works suitable for chil
dren's reading.
Ans.—Grandfather's Chair, Tanglewood Tales, Twice
Told Tales, The Snow Image, etc.
.—Name several of Whittier's poems suitable for incin
ory work with your pupils. -
Ans.—Maud Muller, Barbara Fritchie, The Barefoot
Boy, Sweet Fern, Telling the Bees, etc.
7.—Select one of Whittier's poems that you have studied,
and write a paraphrase of
it.

8.—What was the message Whittier desired send out
to
through his “Songs
of
Labor?”
Ans.—To reflect the beauty, strength, and virtue
of
the
working life New England his day, and thus dignify
of
in
labor and for itself.

in
PHYSICS.
(Omit two questions.)
Distinguish mass and weight.
1.
between
the quantity Weight
of
Ans.—Mass matter.
is
is
the
gravity, the measure
of
of
measure the force that attracts

matter toward the earth's center.
the pendulum.
of
State two laws

2.
Ans.—In the same pendulum, the amplitude oscil

of
if
small, the time oscillation for different ampli

of
lation
is is
tudes the same.

different pendulums the duration
of
an
In
oscillation
is
directly proportional the square roots the lengths.

of
to
What (a) the foot-pound; (b) the horse-power.

3.
is
Ans.— (a) The unit force sufficient pound one

to
raise
a
foot vertically.
work, 33000 foot-pounds-per-minute.
of
(b) The unit

ofor
Give an illustration (a) transverse vibration; (b)

4.
torsional vibration.
Ans.—(a) Stretch a string, and then pull it transversely

to its length.
(b) Twist the string and
it.
then release
by
Illustrate drawing and explain the parallelogram
5.
a
Ans.—[Drawing not reproduced.—ED.]
of
forces.
Two forces acting upon body an angle. Each will
at
a
carry the body mov
to
tend the direction the force
in
is
ing. The result that the body will not take the direc
is
force; but will take the direction the diag
of of
of
tion either
parellelogram, which the sides are represented by
of
onal
a the forces. The intensity the re
of
of
the relative intensities
by
sulting force will the length the diagonal.
be
represented
of
Define (a) latent heat; (b) specific heat.
6.
Ans.— (a) Heat absorbed producing change
in
in
state
a
matter without producing increase sensible tempera
of
in
ture. As turning water,
or
to
to
ice water steam.
(b) The amount heat required raise the tempera
to
given quantity of through degree.
of
of
ture substance
a
a
Make drawing show to real image made by
7.
a
a
a
concave mirror where the object beyond the center of
is
curvature. Ans.—[For the applicant.—ED.]
Describe the compass and give the cause
of
the needle
8.
pointing north and south.

Ans.— (a) magnetic needle poised upon pivot, with
A
a
the points compass and degrees marked upon
of
circu
a
lar disc, so that the needle will show the exact measure of
the departure the ship from magnetic meridian.
of
(b) The entire earth huge magnet, and the needle

is
is
a
attracted toward the magnetic poles, which do not exactly

coincide with the poles
of
the earth's sphere.

Explain the electro-magnet.
9.
Ans.—Bend an active conductor, wire, the shape

as
in
of helix, the magnetic flux will enter the

or
hollow coil
a
the opposite face.

at
at
coil one face and leave Increase

it
loops and the flux correspondingly in

of
the number
is
Introduce core of soft iron the helix and

in
creased.
a
the flux again increased. Interrupt, the flow and in

is
stantaneously the magnetism ceases. To this instant ac

quiring and losing magnetism
of
due the value the tem

is
porary magnet.
.
.
.
10. Explain general way the production electricity

of
in
a
the dynamo.
in
Ans.—The dynamo huge electro-magnet, driven

at
is
a
high speed which produces tremendous electrical force due

many turns the helix and rapid alternations inter
to
of
in
-
rupted and renewed flows electricity.
of
STATE OF KANSAS. 23
BOOKKEEPING.
1.—Define day-book, bill-book, bank-book, personal ac
count, property account.
Ans.—The day-book is a book of original entry in which
transactions are recorded in the order of their occurrence.
The bill-book contains a record of all notes and time drafts,
The bank-book shows the amounts deposited in the bank
and the checks which the bank has cashed.
Personal accounts are accounts with persons or firms.
Property accounts are accounts with things of value and
representative of value. -
2, 3, 4.—Journalize, post, and find loss or gain from the
following:
Sept. 1. D. A. Rankin began business this day with in
voice of merchandise amounting to $3,000.
Sept. 2. Sold W. L. Torrence for cash, merchandise, $120,
Sept. 3. Sold R. F. Graham on his note at 6 days, with
interest at 10 per cent, merchandise, $68,
Sept. 4. Borrowed cash of J. T. McKitrick on note at
90 days, with interest at 10 per cent, $450.
Sept. 5. Bought set of books for cash, $13.25.
Sept. 6. Sold S. G. Craig on account, merchandnse, $311,
Sept. 9. Paid in cash interest on note of 4th accrued to
date, $0.65. -
Sept. 9. Received cash of S. G. Craig on account, $25.
Sept. 9. Received cash of R. F. Graham for his note of
the 3d, $68.10.
Merchandise inventory, $2,600.
5.—Close all accounts in the preceding ledger,
SEPTEMBER 1, 1908.
3000
300000
2 12000
12000
3 68
68 00
4 ash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 450 00
Bills Pay. --- 450 00
5 | Expense 13 25
Cash 13 25
6 || S. G. Crai 31100
Molse || 31100
9 || Interest. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .
Cash ......... . o
65
9 Cash . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 00
9 || Cash
S. G. Craig . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
.. . . .
. |
| 68 10
25 00
Bills Rec. C.)
Interest. .. . . . . . | Gs 1()
|
D. A. RANKIN.
- 308520||Sept.
Sept. 9 |Pres. W'th. 1 300000
9 ||Net Gain 85 20
|- _|308520
Sept.I.9 |Pres. With
_|3085.30
Ti 308520
MERCHANDISE.
Sept. 1 |300000 Sept. 2 i 12000
-
9 ||Gatm | 99 00 3 68 00:
6 31100
9 || Inventory :
_j
-
260000
Sept. 9 |Inventory ſº
309900
00 |"
-
|
399 00
CASH.
Sept. 2 12000 ||Sept. 5 13 25
-
4 350 00 9 65.
––
- ---
9 25 00 9 | Balance 649 20.
9 _68 10
Sept. 9 | Balance
gºl
653 10 |: - £4:310
BILLS FECEIVABLE. - -
Sept. 3 | | 68 00 Sept. 2 | __ is to
-
BILLS PAYABLE.
450
–– |
00 00
||Sept.
00
Srpſ | 9 Balance 450
|=
Sept T0 4 Balance |T|T450
|
EXPENSE.
sept. _|_13 Loss
25
13
25
9
|Sept.
5
INTEREST.
Sept. - 65 ||Sept. 10
p
99
Loss 55
||
65
S. G. CRAIG. tº
- -
Sept. 311 00 Sept. 25 00
&
||
99
6
Balance 286 00
_|
|
_|_311 -
00
00
311
Sept.T0 Balance 25 00 —
||
||
|
LOSS AND GAIN.

13
Sept. Expense 25 Sept. Moise. 99 00

||
||
9
||
9
Interest 55
|_|_85
20
||_|_
Net Gain
| |
_|_99
00
_|_99_00
‘STATE OF KANSAS. 25
June 25–26, 1909.
ARITHMETIC.
1. Add the following:
726, 438, 357, 549, and explain
the addition by use of the terms units, tens and hundreds.
726
438
357
549
30
14
19
2070
The sum of the unit's row is 30.
The sum of the tens row is 14.
The sum of the hundred's row is 19.
Hence 30 units—H14 tens–H19 hundrdes is 2,070, Ans.
2. Multiply 768957 by 9687. No credit is to be given wºn
less the correct product is obtained.
3. Illustrate and explain the method of checking division
Whycasting out the 9’s.
SoLUTION.
269
208836 ) 56345014
417660
1457901
1252.980
2049214
1879470
169744
Cast the 9's out of the dividend. The excess is 1.
Cast the 9's out of the divisor. The excess is 3.
Cast the 9's out of the quotient. The excess is 8.
Cast the 9's out of the remainder. The excess is 4.
The product of the excesses of divisor and quotient is
24. The excess of 24 is 6. Add this 6 to the excess of
remainder, giving 10. The exces of 10 is 1 and as this
equals the excess 1 of the divident the division is proba
-
bly correct.
4. Arrange ten items of receipt and expenditre in the

form of a receipt and erpenditure account, and find the
-
totals and net profit.
A boy's account for one week:
Received Monday for plowing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$0.60
Received Tuesday for hoeing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40
Received Thursday for apples. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.30
Sold peas on Saturday. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.8%)
Total received. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 1.10.
Paid for fish hooks... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $0.30
Paid for knife. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25
Bought bananas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1{}
Bought lunch each day at 10c. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70
Paid for postage stamps. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .06
Paid for shoe strings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .05
Total paid out. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$1.46
Amount earned. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -$4.10
Amount paid out. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.46
Amount saved. . . . . . . . e- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2.64
5. How many farms of 160 acres each could be made out
of a township six miles squaref
Ans.—1 township =36 sq. mi. or 36 sections of 640 acres
each.
Since 1 section will make 4 farms of 160 acres each, 36
sections will make 36X4 farms or 144 farms.
6. Write out the reading of the following decimals:
.0101=one hundred one ten-thousandths.
600.006=six hundred and six thousandths.
10.0005=ten and five ten-thousandths.
.305=three hundred five thousandths.
7. The tire of a bicycle is 88 inches long. How many
times will the wheel turn in going two miles and forty
rods?
Ans.—1 mi.-5280 ft.
2 mi. ==2X5280=10,560 ft.
1 rol.—16% ft.
ft.
40 rd.—40X16%=660
10,560 ft.--660 ft.=11,220
ft.
ft.-12 in.
1
11,220 ft.=11.220×12=134,640 in.

88 in.-1 turn.
134,640 in.–134,640––88=1530 turns.
At what rate will $390 yield $343.30 five years eight
in
8.
months?
SOLUTION.
R.=rate.
$TATE OF KANSAS. 2?
5 year 8 mo.-68 mos.

3.90XR.X68
=$243.30.
100X12
R.–11%21, or 11%.21%.
Rate=11%.21%.
R.—11%.2%.
9. Assume measurements for a farm and make a scale
drawing of it laid out into fields.
40 Acres 40 Acres
Corn Wheat
~5 :
3. 3
5 §
5 40 Acres >
Hay.- Land va
§© s
Q
<! <
8 F.
|
The scale is 1 in. to 80 rods.

16. The longitude of one ship is 3° 28' 40" west, and that
of another E. VR CR east. What is the difference of their
longitales? of their times?
SOLUTION.
3° 23' 40" E.
5° 18' 38" W.
15)8° 47' 18" diff. in longitude.
35 min. 9% sec., diff. in time.
ALGEBRA,
1. How would you ea plain (a) meaning of positive and
negative numbers, (b) addition of two positive numbers,
(c) addition of one positive and one negative number?
Ans.— (a) Easy problems involving the notions of gain
and loss, assets and liabilities, rise and fall, distances meas
ured in two opposite directions furnish the best means to
illustrate and exlain positive and negative numbers. The
answer not only gives the proper arithmetical numbers but

also connects with one of the two opposite qualities in
volved in the problem. The graphic representation of pos
itive and negative numbers is also an aid.
(b) Let it be required to add "7 and '5. Use the num
ber scale. Begin at 7 to the right of the zero point and
count 5 more to the right arriving at '12. Hence "7+5
="12.
(c) Let it be required to add T7 and *5. Begin at 7 to
the left of the zero point and count 5 to the right arriving
at 72. Hence 77—H'5="2.
The direction in which we count is determined by the
sign of the number which is being added.
2. How would you erplain (a) the subtraction of two
negative numbers, (b) the division of one positive and one
negative number, (c) the multiplication of two negative
numbers?
Ans.— (a) Let it be required to subtract T6 from T9. Use
the number scale. From 6 to the left of the zero point we
must pass over 3 spaces in a negative direction to reach
the point 9 to the left of the zero point.
Hen e 79–76–73.
This result fulfills the test of arithmetic, namely:
Subtrahend-Haifference=minuend.
Since subtracting a negative number is equivalent to add
ing a positive number of the same absolute value the cor
rect result can be obtained by changing the sign of the
subtrahend and adding it to the minuend.
-9-H+6=-3.
(b) Let it be required to divide -72 by *9.
T72–5–’9–78 because
-8X*9–-72.
The product of divisor - and quotient must equal the div
idend.
(c) Let it be reqired to multiply
75 by 73.
"5XT3=—T5—T5—T5
=+*5-H"5-H+5
—"15.
75 must be taken three times as a subtrahend. -
Subtracting a negative number is equivalent to adding
a positive number of the same absolute value. -
3. Define and illustrate the meaning of (a) coefficient;
(b) earponent (positive and negative); (c) fractional er
ponent.
Ans.—(a) Each of the factors of a number or the prod
STATE OF KANSAS. 29
uct of any number of factors is called the coefficient of

the rest of the term.
Thus, in 4a, 4 is the coefficient of a ; in mat, m is the co
efficient of ar; in abry, ab is the coefficient of ry.
(b) Any number written over and to the right of the
−
base is called an exponent and, if a positive integer, indi
cates how many times the base is to be taken as a factor.
Thus, aº-axaxaxaxa.
A negative exponent indicates how many times the base
is to be taken as a divisor.
1
Thus,
tuS, (;
a *=
a}{a}{a}{a}{d
(c) The numerator of a fractional exponent indicates
the power to which the base is to be raised and the de
nominator of a fractional exponent indicates the root to
which the base is to be depressed!
Thus, a 34–4Vas
4.Explain the meaning of (a”)*; Vaſa.

SoLUTION.
(a2)3 = a 2×a2Xa” =a^*2+2=a^*2=a^.
Vaſz–V (a6)2—a 6.
5. Factor by type forms: (1) 20–94—20.4%; (2) 2b&º
—abr-H4cz—2ac,
SoLUTION.
(1) 20–94—20 rº–(5-H4+) (4–54).
(2) 2b.4%—abw-H4ca—2ac
=(2bar”—abr)+(4cr—2ac)
=bar(2+—a)+2c (2+–a)
= (24–a) (b.r-H2c).
6. Reduce to lowest terms:
8a–H8b **-i-74—30
(a) (b)
9b–H9a 4%—7++12.
SoLUTION.
8a–HSb
(a) =%.
9b––9a
a *-ī-7.r—30. F. (++10)
(b)
42–74-1-12 (4–4)
7. Find the product of
( *-**-*)(4.—ºn)
SoLUTION.
-
( (*-al-º-; )( 1+2–**)
(b–1) g3—bº a
=(a+b)(cº-ah-tº-tº-º),
- a-Hb
ba-Ho)—aſt–1)
b
if
253
X
b-Ha
→ ; –2b2.
- -
2-9. 2-a_L y-b_
8. Find
SoLUTION.
the algebraic swn of
-
£y
-
. aa.+ ºf ay-Hby
2-y z-a__L 9-5.
zy wº—Höz " ay+by
2—y. 2-0.
* Try Tzúa-EB)
+ y(a+b)
az—by
"zy[a-Hö)
9. Solve: 1–2ar” 1+2ar"
1+2ba-T 1–2bº
- 4522-1
T
4absº
SoLUTION.
1–2a+*__1+2ba” __4abæ (1)
1+2a4” 1—2bar” 4b2+2–1
Change signs in right member.
1–2a+” 1–H2a+2 4abars
1+2b, 3 T
1-2b-2T TT 1-153.3 (2)
Multiply by 1–4b2a-2 and collect terms.
—4bar”—4ax”——4aba”. (3)
Divide by —44". b-Ha-abr (4)
b
(3)
Divide by ab.
r= +...+
A
train runs 100 miles

in
10. the same time that second

a
train, whose rate

as
hour less, runs

90
3% miles
is
miles.
of
Find the rate each train.

SoLUTION.
Let Ar-No. mi. per hour
of
fast train.
Then ar—3%=No. mi. per hour
of
slow train.
*.
=
And No. hours for fast train

to
run 100 mi.
And −2 = No.
90
hours for slow train
- -
to
run 90 mi.
2—8%
STATE OF KANSAS. 31
By the conditions of the problem the fast train runs

100 mi. in the same
time that the slow train runs 90 mi.
Hence we have the equation:
100 90
{1}
ac *z-3%
Simplifying right member:
100 270 -
- (2)
2 T32–16
Multiply by 4 (34—10) 300a–1000–2704 (3)
Transpose 2704 and 1000. 300 r—2704–1000 (4)
Collect terms. 304:=1000 (5)
Divide by 30. 3r=33% (6)
x—3%=33%—3%=30.
Therefore the fast train runs 33% mi, per hour and the
slow train runs 30 mi. per hour.
GRAMMAR.
Fxperience had taught me that tools were the greatesttreasure I
I
could ossess. Włile I was still eating looked al out for the
carpenter's hest. How pleased I was to seeand handle an nx, a saw,
chisels, gimlets, hammers and planes. I had accomplished so many
things which had at first seemed impossible that I did not despair
;
of getting all these tools safe on shore in some way or other.

i)aniel Defoe.
1. Classify the following clauses: (a) Tools were . . .

treasure (line 1) (b) I could possess (line 2); (c) I was
- - eating (line 2); (d) which had . . . seemed
impossible (lines 5 and 6) (e) I did not despair (line 5),
Ans.— (a) Direct objective.
*
(b) Adjective.
(c) Adverbial.
(d) Adjective,
(e) Adverbial,
2. Give three modifiers of looked (line B).
Ans.—“While I - - the car
was still eating,” “about,” “for
penter's chest.”
3. (a) What is “getting” (line 6); (b) give
its
syntax,
Ans.— (a) Participle used
as
noun.
a
(b) Past, potential.

(c) Present, infinitive.
Select verb (a) the progressive form; (b)
in
in
5.
the
a
emphatic form.
(a) “Was eating” (line 2),
(b) “did despair” (line 5).
Give synta.r (a) treasure (line 1); (b) tools (line
of
6.
6)
32 COUNTY EXAMINATION QUESTIONs.
4*s-(a) “Treasure," noun, nominative, predicate of

“tools” after copula “were.”
(b) “Tools" (line 6) noun, objective, after “getting.”
7. Give the tense of (a) had taught (line 1); (b) was
eating. (line 2); (c) looked (line 2);) (d) to see (line 3) :
(e) did not despair (line 5).
Ans.— (a) Past perfect.
(b) Past progressive.
(c) Past.
(d) Present.
(e) Past emphatic.
8. Give an outline of a language lesson based on the sun
flower.
Ans.—Sunflower:
1. Why is it so called?
2. Description : , (a) Height, , (b) Stalk—appearance,
hard or soft, solid or hollow. (c) Leaves—shape, appear
ance, size, (d) Flower—Petals—number, color, arrange
ment, size. Disc—Size, color, seeds, number.
3. Where does the plant grow best?
4. Does it serve any useful purpose? What?
5. Why do we call it our state flower?
6. In what way does it adorn the state capitol?
7. Stories about the sunflower.
9. Give a written analysis of the last sentence in the
above selection.
Ans.—Complex declarative sentence of which “I” is the
subject and all that follows is the complex predicate.
* “Had accomplished” is the base of the predicate, modi
fied by “things,” an objective, which is modified by “so
many,” a complex adjective element, of which “many” is
the base, modified by “so,” an adverbial element. “Things”
is further modified by the adjective clause “which . . .
impossible,” of which “which” is the subject and connec
tive, and “had seemed at first impossible” is the predi
cate, of which “had seemed” is the copulative part and
“impossible” is the base. “Had seemed” is modified by “at
first,” a simple adverbial phrase. “That” connects the sub
ordinate clause, “I .. . other” to the principal clause.
“I” is the subject, “did despair” is the base of the predi
cate modified by “not,” an adverb, and by “of . . . oth
er,” an adverbial phrase, of which “of” is the relation
word and “getting” is the mase. “Getting” is modified by
“all . . . . . shore,” an objective phrase of which “tools”
is the base, modified by “all,” “these,” and “safe,” three
adjective elements. “Safe” is modified by “on shore,” an
STATE OF KANSAS. 33
adverbial phrase, of which “on” is the relation word and

“shore” is the base. “Getting” is further modified by “in
. . . other,” an adverbial phrase, of which “in” is the
relation word and “way” is the base modified by “some or
“other,” a compound adjective element of which “some” is
the first member and “other” is the second member, con
nected by the conjunction “or.”
10. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages in the use
of diagrams in teaching grammar.
Ans.—Advantages& Economical in time of both teacher
and pupil. Suggest the object lesson.
Disadvantages: Destroy thought and power of analysis,
Become unmeaning assemblage of lines and symbols,
Are not really pictures, but are arbitrary and illogical.
GEOGRAPHY.
1. Name three states of the Union in which crops are
raised eartensively by irrigation.
Ans.—Colorado, Utah and Nevada.
2. Define erosion, strata, plateau, watershed, river sys
tem.
Ans.—Erosion, the wearing away of land, rock, and soil
by the action of water in streams, oceans, lakes glaciers,
etc., and of the atmospheric agents, sun, winds, etc.
Strata, beds of rocks or soil created by natural forces,
generally lying superimposed one upon another.
Plateau, a plain elevated more than a few hundred feet
above the level of the sea. -
Watershed, the line of division between two adjacent
rivers, lakes, or other bodies of water with respect to the
flow of water by natural channels into them. Also some
times used to designate the whole region or extent of coun
try which contributes to the supply a lake, river, or other
body of water.
River system, comprises a main river and all its tribu
taries, as, the Mississippi system includes the Missouri,
Ohio, Red, etc.
3. Select any railroad route from New York to San
Francisco, and give the names of all the states you would
pass through on your way. Also, name three large cities
jou would see on the journey.
Ans.— (a) Pennsylvania and Vandalia Lines; Wabash
and Union Pacific Lines, Southern Pacific.
(b) New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Ohio, In
diana, Illinois, Missouri, Kansas, Colorado, Wyoming,
-
Utah, Nevada and California.
c) St. Louis, Kansas City, Denver.

4. What lessons in geography can you find in the neigh
borhood of your schoolhouse?
Ans.—Creeks, rivers, valleys, forests, plains, hills; soils,
rocks, clays; grasses, shrubs, trees, cereals and other vege
tation; birds, insects, reptiles, and other forms of animal
life; blacksmith shop, creamery, store and other forms of
industrial activity; highway, railroad, or other transporta
tion methods; distances, directions; proofs of sphericity of
earth, eclipses of sun and moon; proofs of motion of earth
and heavenly bodies; clouds, rain, snow and other forms
of water; winds, thunder storms, in brief almost all the
phenomenon of nature, transportation, etc., studied under
the titles of Physical Geography, Commercial Geography,
etc.
5. What and where are the following-named places:
Manchuria, Messina, The Hague, Buenos Ayres f
Ans.—Manchuria, one of the most fertile divisions of the
Chinese empire, lying north and west of Korea, the scene
of the land operations of the armies during the Russo-Jap
anese war and of the siege of Port Arthur, Mukden and
other great conflicts in that war.
Messina, a city on the Island of Sicily, on the strait
bearing the same name, almost totally destroyed by a re -
cent earthquake.
Aetna.
The Hague, the seat of the government and the court
of the Netherlands.
Buenos Ayres, the largest city of South America situated
at the mouth of the La Plata in Argentina.
6. What current has been called “The Gulf Stream of
the Pacific 2". How does this current affect the climate of
the Pacific coast?
Ans.— (a) The Kuroshiwo, or Japanese current.
(b) The return portion is called the California current
and ameliorates the climate of the Pacific coast, giving
that coast abundant moisture and vegetation.
7. Why is Peru a rainless country, and why has southern
Chili ea cessive rains?
Ans.— (a) It is surrounded by high ranges of the Andes
which prevent clouds laden with moisture from passing
over them to the interior.
(b) Westerly winds prevail, and heavy rains fall upon
the western slope of the Andes.
8. Over what waters did ex-President Roosevelt sail on
STATE OF KANSAS. 36
his voyage from New York to Bombasa? Name five of the

countries he passed on the way.
Ans.—(a) Atlantic Ocean, Mediterranean Sea, Suez
Canal, Red Sea, Gulf of Aden, Indian Ocean.
(b) Spain, Italy, Egypt, Turkey, German East Africa.
9. How is the concept of a mountain or a lake acquired?
Ans.—By seeing one, by describing
by
it,
comparing
it
with others of the same kind, by contrasting with its
it
opposite.
10. What causes are given for volcanoes?
In
connection
with volcanoes what do the words active, dormant, and
extinct mean? What two cities were destroyed by vol
a
canic eruption ancient times? What city was destroyed
by an eruption in century.
the twentieth
in Tell where the
cities were situated.
upheaval sinking the earth's sur
or of
Ans.—(a) The
or
face; but what causes the upheaval sinking no one
knows.
(b) Active, volcano that discharges lava, smoke,
or
or
a
ashes constantly or frequent intervals.

at
Dormant, one that has not had an eruption for long
a
period likely any time.
to
at
years, but
of
become active
is
Extinct, one that has finally ceased activity, after, per

occasional eruptions.
of
haps, centuries
by
(c) Herculaneum and Pompeii Mount Vesuvius.

(d) Saint Pierre.
(e) Herculaneum and Pompeii were situated
at
the
Mount Vesuvius, which Italy, near
of
foot volcano of
is
a
Naples, destroyed the year 79 A. D.

in
Saint Pierre, on the Island of Martinique, overwhelmed

A.
by eruption Mount Pelee, May

of
D.
8,
1902

by
(a) What the Northwest passage for

1.
meant
is
which the early explorers searched? (b) Why was such

so
passage much desired?

a
connection by water the Pacific and At

of
Ans.—(a)
A
lantic Oecans, which was believed existed.

it
(b) Because would shorten the distance between Eu

it
rope and China about 8,000 miles.

teaching history what accomplished
be
In
(a)
in
to
2.
is
progressive map work (b) interpreting the language

of
f
the author?
binds together the lessons each day with
of
Ans.—(a)
It
the preceding days graphic way that

of
those such
in
they can not easily dissociated forgotten.

be
or
36 County EXAMINATION QUESTIONS.
(b) In translating it into his own language, that of in

fancy or immaturity the learner comes to understand read
ily and completely. Thus he comes gradually to under
stand the more comprehensive and exact language of the
author.
3. What disposition was made of the French territory
between the Alleghany Mountains and the Mississippi - Riv
er at the close of the French and Indian war?
Ans.—It became English territory.
po
its
4. Discuss the New England town meeting as to
litical and social influence among the people.
Ans.—It was the schoolroom political thought and in
of
vestigation. this meeting that the spirit de
of
was
in
It
mocracy and inquiry, resolution and independence
of
was
nurtured and developed amazingly. The leaders the
in
town meeting were the men
of
education and refinement.
They were the social leaders, and even determined many
in
clothing, and other trivial
of
instancs the cut and material
society matters.
as
Michigan was admitted (a) Name
in in
5.
state 1837.
a
the Mississippi
of
state west then the Union. (b)

a
the territory west the Mississippi

of
of
State the extent
belonging the United States, but not
at
that time erected
to
into states.
Louis
all
Ans.—(a) Missouri, Arkansas, and almost
of
1a11a.
(b) Iowa, almost all Minnesota, North Dakota,
of
South Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas, Oklahoma (except Beav

County), about half Colorado, about one-third of
er
of
Wyoming, the greater part addition,

of
In
Montana.
a
small portion Idaho, Washington,
of
of
Montana and all

and Oregon were disputed by Great Britain, but were
afterwards ceded to the United States the settlement of
in
the northwest boundary.

(a) What political party was opposed to
6.
the main
in
the prosecution the Mexican war? (b) On what ground

of
was that war opposed?

Ans.— (a) The Whig party.
(b) On the ground that its purpose was wrongfully
to
obtain possession territory

be
the exten
to
to
of
devoted
sion and perpetuation slavery.
of
presidents the United States have been resi

of
Five
7.
Virginia; name three

of
of
dents them.
Ans.—George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, James
Madison, James Monroe, John Tyler. -
Gettysburg generally considered the
of
The battle
8.
is
STATE OF EANSAS. 37
turning point of the Civil War. Give reasons to support

#his view.
Ans.— 1. It settled forever the question of interference
or recognition of the South by European powers.
2. It broke the reputation of Lee's Army, and restored
the morale of the Army of the Potomac.
3. It made it impossible for the South to engage in any
but a defensive and constantly losing warfare.
4. It made it possible for Grant to attack the two armies
of the South simultaneously in the following year, and so
prevent one reinforcing the other.
5. It forced the South to become the support in large
measure of the armies of both the contending parties.
6. It ruined the financial credit and destroyed the money
of the Confederacy.
9. What was one of the leading principles or legislative
acts of the Republican party from 1855 to 1870?
Ans.—The preservation of the Union, the abolition of
slavery, protective tariff, the establishment of national
banks.
10. Mention a public service or important historic fact
connected with the life of each of the following men :
Horace Greeley, John Ericsson, Stephen A. Douglas, John
C. Calhoun.
Ans.—Horace Greeley, his editorials in behalf of the
Union and against slavery during the Civil War, his sign
ing Jefferson Davis' bail bond, and his pathetic defeat for
the presidency in 1872.
John Ericsson, the inventor of the Monitor.
Stephen A. Douglas, his “Squatter Sovereignty” idea,
his debate with Lincodn, and his support of the Union in
the short period he lived after the Civil War began.
John C. Calhoun, his doctrine of “States’ Rights,” and
the nullification theory, both of which he argued with con
summate skill.
GENERAL HISTORY,
1.Tell briefly about the partition of Poland.
Ans.—First Partition—Catherine Secord of Russia and
Frederic Great of Prussia interfere in Polish affairs, the
Poles revolt, war ensues and Russia gets the advantage,
Prussia and Austria make an agreement to divide Poland
up amongst themselves and Russia. They do this for fear
that Russia will get all of Poland if war continues, Rus
sia consents and the division is forcibly made in 1772.
38 COUNTY EXAMINATION QUESTIONS
Second Partition—The above was confirmed practicaſſy

by the treaties of 1793 and 1795.
Third Partition—Confirmation of the partitions was
made by the Congress of Vienna in establishing the bal
ance of power after the fall of Napoleon in 1815.
2. Give the principal causes of the French Revolution.
2 Ans.—Corruption and luxury in the court, nobility and
church, and oppression of the people by both. To this
were added the teachings of the philosophers and encyclo
pedists and the spread of democratic ideas both in Europe
and America.
3. What was the general character of the government
ander Charles I, Charles II, and James II of England,
Louis XIV of France, and Frederick the Great of Prussia?
Ans.—(a) Broken faith and denial of rights by the King. -
(b) Extravagance, dissipation, licentiousness.
(c) Narrow religious superstition and oppression.
(d) Extravagance, profligacy, glory and exaltation of
the kingship.
(e) Economical, honest, heavy waste by war and con
f ict.
4. What is meant by divine right in government? Name
it.
three rulers who claimed
by
Ans.—(a) The monarch rules God,
of
ordination
and not by the consent
of
the people.
(b) Louis XIV France, James
ef
of
and Charles
I
England.
I
What was the feudal system?
5.
Ans.—The middle age system by which all the land be

longed the king, who granted re
to
to
his barons
in
it
turn for military and other service and supplies.

The barons turn let out to their subordinates. Each
in
it
fealty
of
of these to
as
turn took the oath vassal his

in
overlord.
This system was cumbrous, carrying with knighthood,
it
all
chivalry, and the impedimenta

of
an
artificial society.
State briefly what each the following terms means:
of
6.
Bloody Assizes, Bill Rights, Lettres Cachet, Giron

de
of
dists, The Hundred Days.

participants the Mon
of
Ans.—(a) Courts for trials

in
mouth rising 1685 against James II. These trials were

of
presided over by Judge Jeffreys, and received their name

result, over 300 persons were executed.
as
because,
a
of
(b) The first ten amendments

to
the Constitution the

United States, and since applied
to
every constitutional
guaranty personal rights.
of
STATE OF KANSAS, 39
(c) A letter or order under seal proceeding from and

signed by the King of France and countersigned by a Sec
retary of State, used in the 17th and 18th centuries as a
warrant for the imprisonment without trial of the person
against whom directed, no matter what the alleged of
fense may have been. Abolished by the Revolution.
(d) The moderate republican party at the beginning of
the French Revolution, overthrown by their opponents, the
Montagnard in 1793. So called from the district (Gir
onde) from which many of their leaders came.
(e) The interval between Napoleon's return from Elba
(Frejus, March 1, 1815; Paris, March 20) and his abdi
cation (June 22d) after Waterloo (June 18), a period of
about 100 days.
7. What changes have been made in the government of
France since Louis XIV said: “I am the state?”
Ans.—It was then an almost absolute monarchy. It is
now one of the free republics of the world, and has ex
isted as such since 1871.
8. Give several proofs that democracy is growing in
Europe.
Ans.—The constitutional governments of Germany,
France and Italy. The calling of the Russian Douma,
The deposition of the Sultan of Turkey and the establish
ment of the “Young Turkey” constitution..
9. Name three European wars that affected the Ameri
can colonies.
of the Spanish Succession (Queen Anne's
wº-war
at ).
War of the Austrian Succession (King George's War).
The Seven Years' War (French and Indian War).
10. What historical events does each of the following
names suggest to you : Bismarck, Mirabeau, Joan of Arc,
John Hampden, Gustavus Adolphus.
Ans—(a) The unification of Germany and the estab
lishment of the German Empire of today.
(b) The moderate constitutional party of the early
French Revolution.
(c) The wars of Henry VI in France.
(d) The ship-tax and oppressive acts of Charles I in
England. -
(e) The triumph of Protestant Sweden in the 30 years'

war.
HISTORY OF KANSAS.
1. When and where was the convention which made the
40 County ExAMINATION QUESTIONs
constitution under which Kansas entered the Union f

Ans.—June 7, 1859, at Wyandotte.
2. Tell briefly what you know about the following-named
Persons: Samuel A. Kingman, John A. Murtin, Charles
Robinson, James H. Lane.
Ams.—Samuel Kingman was temporary president of the
Wyandotte Constitutional Convention. and was for a num
ber of years Associate Justice and then Chief Justice of
tne State Supreme Court.
John A. Martin was both temporary and permanent sec
retary of the Wyandotte Constitutional Convention, and
was governor of the State from 1885 to 1889.
Charles Robinson was chosen governor under the To
peka Government, was the first state governor, served sev
eral terms in the State Legislature, was superintendent of
Haskell Institute, and gave $150,000 to the State Univer
city.
James H. Lane was a colonel in the Mexican War,
lieutenant governor of Indiana, a member of the Congress
that passed the Kansas-Nebraska Act for which he voted,
was president of the Topeka Constitutional Convention,
U. S. Senator from Kansas, raised whole brigades and
commanded one of them in the Civil War, was reelected
Senator, advocated Andrew Johnson's policy and broke
with Kansas, tried to win back his supremacy, and in tem
porary madness committed suicide, July 1, 1865.
3. Name four colonies of foreign peoples in Kansas,
and the counties in which they settled.
Ans.—Swedes in Saline County.
Scotch in Dickinson County.
Welsh in Riley County.
Russian Mennonites in Harvey, Marion and Reno Coun
ties.
4. Name four main lines of railroad in Kansas, and give
the general direction of each through the state.
Ans.—Union Pacific, east and west.
Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe, generally northeast and
southwest, and east and west.
Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific, east and west, northeast
and southwest, southeast and northwest. **
Missouri Pacific, southwest and northeast, southeast and
northwest, and east and west. -
5. How has the federal government helped education in
Kansas?
Ans.—1. Sections 16 and 36 in each township were
granted for the use of schools.
STATE OF KANSAS. 41
2. Seventy-two sections were set apart for the use and

support of a State University.
6. Name five colleges not supported by public taxation,
and tell where each is situated. -
Ans.—Washburn College at Topeka, Baker University
at Baldwin, College of the Sisters of Bethany at Topeka,
Bethany College at Lindsborg, Friends' University at Wich
ita, College of Emporia at Emporia, Ottawa University at
Ottawa.
7. At the last session of the legislature what act was
passed in relation to banks? In relation to high schools?
Ans.— (a) A guaranty deposit law.
(b) Providing for normal training and for state aid for
that purpose in high schools and academies.
8. Who were the first two United States Senators from
Kansas? Who are in the Senate now from Kansas?
Ans.—(a) James H. Lane and Samuel C.Pomeroy.
(b) Charles Curtis and Joseph L. Bristow.
9. Tell briefly what is the work of the Kansas State
Board of Health.
Ans.—To prevent the spread of contagions and epidemics;
to establish quarantines in certain cases; to make rules
and regulations concerning pure food, and to enforce the
pure food laws and the rules and regulations thus made.
In short, to look after the public health.
10. Name one tribe of Indians that has a tract of land in
Kansas now. Where is the tract?
Ans.—(a) Pottawatomie.
(b) Jackson County.
;
READING.
1. What combination of methods do you prefer in teach
beginners to read, and in general how do you combine
them?
Ans.—The word and picture method. By using pictures
and charts. As far as possible the picture should accom
pany and be intimately associated with each new word.
In aid of articulation and pronunciation the phonic method
should also be employed.
2. What attention should be given to (a) pronunciation,
(b) the meaning of words?
Ans.— (a) The most careful and exact.
(b) For the first three or four years the most painstak
ing, as to the meanings of the words in the sense only in
which they are used in the context. The secondary mean
ings, or shades of meaning, may be taught to advanced pu
42 CotſNTY EXAMINATION QUESTIONS
pils, but in the beginning work care should be used not
to confuse the child's mind, and thus secure no understand
1ng.
3. What form, quality, force, pitch and rate are appro
priate for the following selection:
“Haste thee, Nymph, and bring with thee
Jest and youthful Jollity,
Quips, and cranks, and wanton wiles,
Nods, and becks, and wreathed smiles,
Such as hang on Hebe's cheek,
And love to live in dimple sleek;
Sport, that wrinkled Care derides,
And Laughter holding both his sides.
Come, and trip it as you go,
On the light fantastic toe.” —Milton.
Ans.—Expulsive, normal (bright tone), radical (decid
ed but not strong attack), high, fast.
4. Mark the inflection in the following selection:
“Why couldn't you come when I called you?”
“I am keeping the road back,” replied John “if I move,
I might lose it.”
“Then why did you call us?”
“I was afraid you had lost your way and might get into
the chasm; the storm is so bad you could not see it.”
“What's that?” exclaimed the first who had spoken.
—Bayard Taylor.
4ns.—[For the applicant.—ED.]
5. What questions should be asked and what instruction
given in developing the following lesson from the Third
Reader:
“Blessings on thee, little man,
Barefoot boy, with cheek of tanl
With thy turned up pantaloons
And thy merry whistled tunes;
With thy red lip, redder still
Kissed by strawberries on the hill;
With the sunshine on thy face,
Through thy torn brim's jaunty grace;;
From my heart I give thee joy,
I was once a barefoot boy! . . .
O for boyhood's painless play,
Sleep that wakes in laughing day,
Health that mocks the doctor's rules,
Knowledge never learned in schools,
Of the wild bee's morning chase,
Of the wild flower's time and place, /
STATE OF KANSAS. 43
Flight of fowl and habitude

Of the tenants of the wood.” —Whittier.
Ans.—Questions: 1. Why does Whittier take so much
interest in the barefoot boy?
2. What does “cheek of tan” (line 2) mean?
3. Do barefoot boys generally wear “pantaioons?” Did
they in Whittier's time?
4. When did the “strawberries kiss” his lip 2 How?
5. What is this “torn brim?”
6. What does Whittier wish for in each one of lines 11,
12, 13 and 14? -
7. Name the ºthings that a barefoot boy learns outside
of school as Whittier sets them down in lines 15, 16, 17
and 18.
Instructions: 1. Be prepared to tell a short story of
Whittier's life, and tell what kind of a man he was.
2. Write out in your own words all that Whittier says
º
in the poem.
3. Be able to spell and define every word used in the
selection.
4. Ascertain the names of “tenants” that may be found
in woods. In what parts of Kansas would you find
woods :
ORTHOGRAPHY,
..
1, 2, 3, 4, 5. Spell the following words, to be pronounced
by the examiner:
hydraulics participant
cistern
• condolence
terrible
COCOa
gaseous balance
linoleum prodigy
promontory lieutenant
enervate pastel
preference havoc
revelry syllable
damask indict
germinate indulgent
antecedent physical
Ans—[For the applicant. See any dictionary–ED.]
6. Define : (a) Elementary sound, (b) accent, (c) artic
ulation, (d) cognate, (e) syllable.
Ans.—(a) A sound, which can not be resolved into a
combination of sounds, produced by a definite position of
he organs of speech, in connection with the voice and

breath.
(b) The peculiar force given to one or more syllables
when speaking a word.
(c) The distinct utterance of elementary sounds in syl
lables and words.
(d) Cognates are letters whose elementary sounds are
produced by the same organs in a similar manner.
(e) A word, or part of a word, spoken by one impulse
of the voice.
7. Mark diacritically: Finance, vehement, relicent, pon
toon, idea.
Ans.—[For the applicant. See dictionary.—ED.]
8. (a) Give the sounds of a, indicating the proper mark
ings with words to illustrate their use. (b) Give two
equivalents for long e.
Ans.—(a) Ale, bat, ark, tall, care, ask,. Known re
spectively, beginning with the first, as the first, second,
third, fourth, fifth and sixth sounds of a.
(b) ea in leave; ei in ceiling.
9. Give, define and illustrate five prefixes and five suf
fires.
Ans.—Prefixes:
A—in, abed, in bed.
Out—more, outbid, to bid more.
Contra—against, contradict, to speak against.
Di—away, divert, to turn away.
Pert–near to, perihelion, near to the sun.
Suffixes:
Dom—state, freedom, state of being free.
Ly—like, manly, like a man.
Ship—office, clerkship, office of a clerk.
Fy—to make, purify, to make pure.
Ward—toward, westward, toward the west.
10. Describe your method of conducting a fourth-grade
spelling class.
Ans.—Combine the oral and written methods of recita
tion. First, pronounce all the words to the class, requir
ing each pupil to write the words in the order in which
pronounced. Second, having collected the papers, have the
pupils stand in line and spell orally, using the old “spelling
down” method. Third, have pupils take papers, arranging
it so that no pupil has his own paper, and have the words
spelled correctly, and corrected and marked by the pupil
upon the paper he holds.
STATE OF KANSAS, 45
PENMANSHIP.
1. What writing nuaterial should a first-grade pupil have?
Ans.—Good teachers differ about this. The applicant
would require pen, ink and practice paper, in addition to
slates and pencils.
2. What is meant by visualization in writing? -
Ans.—By visualization is meant the formation of a
concept in the mind, or picture of a letter or copy to be
reproduced from the imagination.
3. Do you require your pupils to practice on words or
Jetter copies? Why?
Ans.—The word method is the better because it carries
with it an idea, thus presenting something tangible to the
writer.
4. Gove your pºuns for stimulating interest in writing.
Ans.—Use the blackboard freeiy to illustrate torm and
movement, counting will regulate rapidity of execution and
hold attentiou to the work. -
5. Write a favorite quotation as a specimen of your pen
-
manship.
Ans.—[For the applicant.—FD.]
1. State to the cultivation of memory,
four direct a'ds
Ans.—Analogy, association, contrast, comparison.
2. Distinguish between inductive reasoning and deduct
ive reasoning.
Ans.—Induction -proceeds from the particular to the gen
eral.
Deduction, from the general to the particular.
3. Why should the reasons be given for the course the
child is told to pursue? -
Ans.—So that he may learn to think for himself and be
come independent. -
4. What is the chief aim of language lessons?
Ans.—Ready and correct expression of thought,
5. How should the elementary sounds be introduced and
used in teaching reading?
Ans.—As they appear in the words which are studied and
learned from dav to day. -
6. Discuss correctness as an aim in language lessons.
Ans.—It is the greater of the two results sought after,
and should always be kept in view. Correctness should
never be sacrificed to time nor readiness of expression,
7. Give three rules to observe in studying spelling les
SO??.S.
Ans.—Get the correct letters in their proper order. Pro

nounce the word correctly. Divide the word into sylla
bles and place the accent on the right syllable.
8. Of what value is the subject matter of history?
Ans.—It enlists the interest, holds attention, q:ickens
the imagination, and excites the mind to further study and
research.
9. What is the place and purpose of diagramming?
Ans.—Simply as a time-saver, and to enable the teacher
to compare the progress and understanding of the pupils
by comparison.
10. In introductory oral geography how should land and
water forms be taught?
Ans.—From the surrounding country, from modelling.
sand boxes, etc. As nearly by object lessons as possible.
PHYSIOLOGY.
1. Why is physiology required in the common-school
course?
Ans.—So that the pupil may have some knowledge of
his physical life, and know how to nurture and care for
its well-being.
2. (a) Define protoplasm, (b) tissue.
Ans.— (a) A substance not unlike the white of an egg
which makes up the cell, whether of weed, worm, or man.
(b) A combination of cells of a similar kind, as muscu
lar tissue, adipose tissue, etc.
Discuss the use of specimens of cartilage and bone in
i.
ck, S.S.
Ans.—Show the composition, structure, strength, nour
ishment and purpose of the bone. Show the processes to
which the muscles attach. By the use of acid the mineral
portion of the bone may be taken away and the cartilage,
from which the bone developed, left.
.4. Tell what you regard as proper schoolroom ventila
£ion. --
Ans.—Cold air is admitted near the floor, and the foul
air escapes from windows lowered from the top, or through
vents near the ceiling. In winter the cold air should be
admitted to a jacket surrounding the stove, and thus
warmed before coming in contact with the pupils.
6. What care should a teacher take in seating pupils?
Ans.—He should see to it that the seats are neither too
high nor too low for the pupils occupying them, and that
the desks bear the proper proportion to the seat; that the
light so far as possible enters from above, and from the
STATE OF KANSAS. 47
left and rear of each pupil; that the pupils do not face a
.
strong light; that those in need of the most assistance or
control be placed in seats as near the teacher as possible,
disturbing elements shall not be so located as to join
Orces.
5. (a) How are bones nourished? (b) repaired?
Ans.— (a) The blood vessels and nerves are carried by
the Haversian canals throughout the bone. About the
canals are arranged the lacunae (irregular, oval spaces,
with fine, radiating channels.) Each lacuna is filled with a
cell, which is nourished by the blood escaping from the
vessels in the Haversian canals.
(b) The bone is covered with a tough connective tissue
membrane, named the periosteum, which has the power of
renewing any portion of bone removed by the surgeon on
account of accident or disease.
7. Discuss the work of the kidneys.
Ans.—They are excretory organs. They eliminate waste
(urea) from the blood. If the kidney is in good health,
no nutriment can be excreted by
it.
-
How would you present the subject
of
narcotics
to
8.
a
class so as avoid their use?
to
to
teach them
Ans.—By impressing upon them again and again the
evils resulting from such use upon the various organs and
the body, and requiring recitation daily upon
of
tissues
those results.
the general function digestion?
of
What
9.
is
Ans—To supply the tissues with nourishment proper
in
...
form.
of
10. State the five most imbortant rules health which

ninth-grade class should know.
a
Ans.—1. Keep your external body, teeth, hands, nails

and face clean.
Keep the interior your body clean with pure food
of
2.
and pure drink.

bed early, rise early and take exercise.
to
3.Go
Breathe, sit, stand, and walk correctly.
5. 4.
Rinse the cum before drinking and breathe fresh air

g
only night and day.
UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION,

When and where did the constitutional convention
1.
of
which made the constitution the United States meet?

its
Who was president? Name five prominent delegates

in
the convention.
48 County EXAMINATION QUESTross
Ans.—(a) May 25, 1787, at Philadelphia,

-
Pennsylvania.
(b) George Washington.
(c) Benjamin Franklin, James Madison, Alexander
Hamilton, James Wilson, Governeur Morris. Robert Mor
r1S.
2. How are vacancies in the house of representatives
fillcd? In the senate f
Ans.— (a) By election by the people of the district.
(b) By appointment by the governor of state.
3. What is a quorum in each house?
Ans.—To do business, a majority.
4. How can treaties with foreign governments be made?
Ans.—By the President, ratified by the Senate.
5. What is the difference between original and appellate
jurisdiction?
Ans.—Original, controversy that may be begun or insti
tuted in the court in question.
Appellate, controversy begun an inferior
in or
instituted
in
...
court and coming question for review.

to
the court
What treason against the United States? How
6.
is
must the charge treason be proved?

of
Ans.—(a) Consists “only levying war against them,

in
or
adhering their enemies, giving their aid and com

to
in
fort.” U. Const., Art.

3,
3,
S.
Section Clause
to 1.
(b) By “the testimony
of
two witnesses the same

overt act.” U. Const., Art.
3,
3,
S.
Section Clauce
1.
How may the constitution
of
the United States be

7.
amended?
Ans.—When the amendment has been proposed and rati
the following ways:
of
fied
in
one
Proposed by
Congress.
of
of
(a) Two-thirds both Houses

(b) On application legislatures
of
of
of
two-thirds the
several states, by convention called by Congress.
Ratified by:
(a) Legislatures
in of
of of
three-fourths the states.

(b) Conventions three-fourths the states.
Congress provides which
of
of
the modes ratification

shall be used.
How the territory New Mexico governed?
of
8.
is
Ans.—By governor appointed by the President

of
the
a
as
United States, its executive officer. Its laws are made

by
by
legislature chosen the people under restrictions im

a
posed by Congress. - -
by
Its laws are interpreted by judges appointed the Pres

Congress.
of
ident under act

STATE OF KANSAS. 49
9. In which house must all bulls for raising revenue orig

inate? Can the other house change a revenue bill?
Ans.— (a) House of Representatives.
(b) Yes.
10. What is the number of the last amendment to the
constitution? Give the substance of the amendment.
(a) 15th.
(b) “The right of citizens of the United States to vote
shall not be abridged or denied by the United States or by
any state on account of race, color, or previous condition
of servitude.”
LITERATURE.
1. (a) Discuss the four essential elements of all true lit
erature. (b) Discuss the term “classic” as applied to lit
erature.
Ans.—(a) Ruskin announces but two, Substance or
Meaning and Setting or Form. The French would say
there is but one, the Setting or Form. Of course the Eng
lish mind would follow Ruskin without regard to the num
ber of elements into which it would divide these two.
(b) A “classic” in literature is a product that has been
recognized by the competent judges of two or more gen
erations as a superior work of art in its particular field, and
is received as such by posterity.
2. What is the literary form of “Evangeline?”
Ans.—Narrative poem.
3. State briefly the historical foundation for the story of
“Evangeline.”
Ans.—In 1755, the English campaign against Acadie was
successful. During this campaign the incident occurred
upon which Longfellow based “Evangeline.” The Aca
dians inhabiting the village of Grand Pré were simple
minded, ignorant farmers, who could not understand that
having passed from French to English subjects, they could
no longer aid the French. This they did repeatedly, and
at last, urged by what they considered a military necessity,
the English exiled them from their homes, and distributed
them from Massachusetts to Georgia. Many of the exiles
made their way to Louisiana, where their descendants form
a part of the population.
4. In teaching this poem to pupils of the grades what ele
ments would you emphasize? State your reasons for so
doing.
Ans.—The Setting or Form. Point out the beauty of
-
the diction and of the wonderful figures of speech em
ployed.
The substance is not so perfect as the form; but it
teaches the greatness and constancy of a woman's affec
-
tion and purpose.
5. Does this poem teach anything?
Ans.—Primarily,
If so, what?
the beauties in the charac, ers of the
heroine, her father, the priest and schoolmaster.
Secondarily, the manners and customs of the peasants,
and a description of the country in which they lived and
through which they wandered.
6. Do you enjoy reading Irving f Whether your answer
be yes or no, give reasons for your answer.
Ans.—Yes. Because of his gentle wit and sweet whole
some humor, and his quaint phrasing of both.
7. Write a description of whatever character of Irving’s
you like best.
Ans.—Ichabod Crane, because he is the schoolmaster, the
type of the happily extinct pedagogue. “The cognomen of
Crane was not inapplicable to his person. He was tall, but
exceedingly lank, with narrow shoulders, long arms and
legs, hands that dangled a mile out of his sleeves, feet
º
that might have served for shovels, and his whole france
was most loosely hung together. His head was small and
flat at top, with huge ears, large, green glassy eyes, and
a long, snipe nose, so that it looked like a weathercock
upon his spindle neck, to tell which way the wind
blew.’
8. Tell briefly the plot of “Rip Van Winkle.”
Ans.—Rip was a good-natured, lazy fellow who liked to
loaf about the tavern and hunt squirrels in company with
his dog Wolf. His wife did all the work, but was not .
good-natured, and she made Rip's life uneasy.
One day he wandered off into the Kaatskill hunting,
and lay down in a valley to rest. Some old Dutchmen,
ghosts of the “Half-moon” expedition, came there to bowl,
and induced Rip to partake of their liquor. Twenty years
passed before he woke from the sleep caused by that
quor. He made his way back to the village, found his
li
wife dead, his daughter married, the country a republic
instead of a dependency of King George III. and himself
forgotten. After convincing the villagers that he was real
ly Rip, he made his home with his daughter and her hus
band, devoting his time to sleeping, eating, smoking and
telling his story of the enchanted sleep.
STATE OF RANSAS. 51
PHYSICS.
(Omit two of the following questions.
1. Define and illustrate (a) impenetrability, (b) inde
structibility.
Ans.—(a) The property by virtue of which matter oc
cupies a portion of space to the exclusion of all other mat
ter, as, a nail can not be driven into any substance with
out crowding particles of that substance out of the space
taken up by the nail.
(b) The property by virtue of which matter resists an
nihilation, as, wood being burned, is transformed into ash,
smoke and vapor. Its form only is changed, it is inde
structible.
2. Distinguish between mass and weight.
Ans.—Mass is the quantity of matter in a body.
Weight is the comparative force with which a body tends
towards the center of the earth.
3. By a drawing indicate the parts of a lever.
4. How is the density of iron determined?
Ans.—By comparing it with the density of pure water at
a temperature of 4°C. Thus if we assume the quantity of
matter in 1 c. c. of pure water at 4° C. as the unit of den
sity, the density of water will be 1, and the quantity of
iron in 1 c. c. will measure the relative density of iron,
So, if we weigh the iron in air, then weigh it in water,
and divide the former by the loss of weight it sustained in
the latter we have the relative density of iron, which is its
specific gravity.
5. Describe the simplest form of mercury barometer.
Ans.—A glass tube, about 34 inches long, filled with
mercury, and inverted with its lower end constantly below
the surface of mercury in a cistern, is fixed in a vertical
position with a scale graduated along the top, near the end
of the mercury column, showing the height in inches be
tween the surface of mercury in the cistern and that of
the mercury in the tube. This determines the pressure of
the 2ir upon the surface of the cistern.
6. Describe the heating of buildings by hot-air furnaces,
Ans.—The air is brought into contact with a heated sur
face. When heated it becomes lighter by expansion, and
rises through the pipes to the registers to be distributed to
the rooms, where it circulates amongst the atmosphere of
the room by convection. The vitiated air is driven out,
and the pure air rushes in at the basement to -be heated
and distributed by convection currents.
52 CouſNTY EXAMINATION QUESTIONS
7. What determines the pitch of a musical instrument?

Ans.—The number of vibrations made per second by
that portion of the instrument which produces the sound.
Thus, it will be the number of vibrations made by a pipe,
a string, etc.
8. What is the nature of light?
Ans.—Light is that mode of vibration of luminiferous
ether, which produces, by its effect upon the retina of the
eye, the sensation of vision The peculiarity of this vibra
tion is that it is transverse, that perpendicular
is,
to
the
direction which the light moving
in
is
light.
a of
an
of
Give illustration the refraction
9.
Ans.—A straight stick, portion
of
which immersed
is
an angle clear water will appear no longer
at be
at
to
straight, but will seem in
to
be bent or broken the surface
the water. This phenomenon always seen when light
of
is
passes obliquely from one medium
of
of to
another different
density,and observed the use lenses, the formation
in
is
.
rainbow,
of
the etc.
10. Define and illustrate (a) temporary magnet, (b) per
manent magnet. -
-
Ans.— (a) magnet which formed by providing

A
is
ofa
of
(a
solenoid coil insulated wire wound the form
in
cylinder one or more layers) with soft iron core.
in
a
a
at
so
called because its core possesses the power
of
is
It
magnet) only while elec
of
traction (becomes current
a
a
tricity passing through the solenoid,
as
in
is
is
the case
telegraph instrument. Also pieccs
of
of
the receiver soft
a
iron become temporary magnets when brought near another

magnet; but upon the other magnet being removed they
lose their magnetism.
(b) Magnetite (an iron ore) and steel will retain their
magnetism indefinitely and hence are called permanent
magnets. good illustration the magnetic needle.
A
is
simple voltaic cell

be
11. How may made?

in a
jar solution of sulphate copper

of
Ans.—Place
a
a
plate copper plate

of
of
Immerse the solution and

in
a
so
each plate may project above the

of
zinc that the ends

liquid and nowhere come actual contact with each other.
in
each plate wire. Upon

of
to
Attach the exposed end

a
bringing the free ends the wires together,

of
circuit will
a
electricity begins
of
to
be completed and current flow.

a
The jar with the solution and the plates forms simple
a
voltaic cell.
12. Describe the arc electric light.
by
Ans.—The simplest arc light produced sending

is
a
STATE OF KANSAS. 53
current of electricity from one carbon rod to another across

a short air gap. In order to maintain the ordinary arc a
difference of potential from 45 to 50 volts is required, and
this sends through the arc a current of from 9 to 10 am
peres. The upper or + carbon is very much hotter than
the lower or — carbon, and as the current passes, the car
bon becomes incandescent and some of it crosses the space
between, forming a conductor for the current. The +
carbon thus has a cup-like shape, which cup is the seat of
the most intense artificial light and heat ever produced.
BOOKKEEPING,
1. Define: Journal, cash-book, sales-book, purchase
book, and ledger. -
The Journal is a book in which debits
- and credits are
arranged for posting to the ledger.
The cash-book is a book containing all cash receipts and
disbursements.
The sales-book contains an itemized account of all sales
of merchandise.
The purchase-book contains an itemized account of all
purchases of merchandise.
The ledger is the final book of accounts,
2, 3, 4, 5, Journalize, post, and take trial-balance:
June 10. Began business with cash, $685.90; merchandise,
$700; notes, $890.
June 11. Sold merchandise to J. Smith on account, $320,
June 12. Bought merchandise of S. Brown on account,
$890.
June 14. Received cash on note, less discount; face of
note, $730; discount, $9.10.
June 15. J.Smith gave me, on account, note, $165; cash,
$90.
June 20. Gave S. Brown note to apply on account, $300,
June 21. Paid expense account, $21.30,
June 22. Bought real estate $1,000; paid cash $600, gave
note for balance.
June 23. Received cash of J. Smith to balance account.
-
June 24. Paid note in cash $360.
JUNE 10, 1909.
68590
700 00
890 00
227590
11 320 00
320 00
12 890 00
89000
14 72090
9 10
- 73000
15 16500
90 00
255 00
Bills Pay.... ... ....... ........ 30000
21 || Expense ...... - 21 30
Dash......... .... ---- 21 30,
22 | Real Estate .............. ............ 100000
Cash . . . . . . . -- 60000
Bills Pay. ... ..................... 40000
23 l Cash . . . . . . . . ......... 65 00
J. Smith........ - -- - - - - - 65 00
24 || Bills Pay...... . . . . . . ................. 36000
Cash . . . . . . -- - - 36000
PROPRIETOR.
10 227500
| | | | Pune | | |
CASH.
June | 10 68590 || |June | 21 21 30
14 72090 22 60000
15 90 00 24 36000
23 65 00
MERCHANDISE.
June || | ||}}|ſune iſ | | **
June # |
;
BILLS RECEIVABLE.
} |Pune
14
| | |
73000
J. SMITH.
June n | | |*|une|E|| | | #:
S. BROWN.
-
June w | |*|June * |
890 00
STATE OF KANSAS {j
DISCOUNT.
June * | |
9 10
| | |
BILLS PAYABLE.
Junº | |*||anel; | *}}

FXPENSE.
*HT-TTºrºſ-TT REAL ESTATE,
*|= | |*|| | | |
TRIAL BALANCE.
§Frº....:::::::::::::::: 156180
#;
Mäse....................................|| 153000 || 3:0 tº
Bills Rec........... ................... 105500 7:3000
S. Brown...... ....................... 300 00 89000
Discount................................ 9 10
Bills Pay ................ .............. 360 00 700 00
Expense................................ 21 30
Real Estate ............................ 100000.
5897 20 || 589720
56 County ExAMINATIox QUESTIONs.
July 2 and 3, 1909.
ARITHMETIC.
and discuss two principles
1. State of selecting arith
metical material.
Ans.--Two essential principles of selecting arithmetical
material are (a) ease of comprehension (b) practicability.
(a) Nothing should be given to the student which is
beyond his scope of knowledge, which is too difficult for
the child to grasp the meaning, for therein his interest is
destroyed. . . Interest is gained by the child doing what he
is really able to do.
(b) As much as possible put material into the student's
work that is practical, which deals with things of his
everyday life, things with which he is somewhat convers
ant. A more advanced student may handle more theoreti
cal work when he has learned the general fact that theory
of any science is necessary for its successful practical ap
plication.
2. How do you explain addition and subtraction without
using the terms “carrying” and “borrowing?”
Ans.—The child should know that 10 ones or units make
1 ten, and 10 tens make 1 hundred, etc. That in writing
numbers made up of units, tens, hundreds, etc., units fig
ure is written at the right, tens to the left of units, hun
dreds to the left of tens, etc.
Earl—Add 9 units and 3 units, result 12 units. Write
result as given.
6 tens-H8 tens–14 tens. Write result as shown.
4 hundreds +2 hundreds =6 hundreds. Write result as
shown.
Add—
463
289
12
14
6 4
752
Ex.—
452
STATE OF KANSAS. 57
• 268
".
184
You cannot take8 units from 2 units. We will take one
ten from the 5 tens, leaving 4 tens. The 1 ten we have
taken is made up of 10 units which with the 2 units make
12 units, from which 8 units can be taken and we have
the result 4, as given.
In like manner 6 tens cannot be taken from 4 tens, but
we will take 1 hundreds from 4 hundreds, leaving 3 hun
dreds. The 1 hundred is made up of 10 tens which with
4tens make 14 tens, from which we can take 6 tens, which
gives the result 8 as shown, etc.
.
3. Illustrate three short ways of multiplying. -
Ans.— (a) To multiply a number by 25, annex 2 ciphers
divide by 4. Any aliquot part of 100 can be treated
Thus.
76400
764X25= =19,100.
4
(b) To multiply fractions by fractions or whole num
bers, cancel where possible.
14 5 2 -
75
X 7 15
(Cannot show cancellation.)
(c) To multiply by any number ending in ciphers,

multiply by the digits of the multiplier, and annex as many
ciphers to the right of the product as you have in the
multiplier.
86X200–17,200.
4. Develop a method for multiplying (a) a fraction by
a whole number, using 4x3; (b) a whole number by a
fraction, using 8X %.
Ans.— (a) Divide an apple into 8 equal parts. Each
9%.
part is known as one-eighth,

%X1 then equals eighth, 9%.
1
Then }X3 would equal eighths, 3%.

or
as
times much
3
(b) Divide an apple into equal parts. Each part

is
4
one fourth,
as
4.
known
part parts
of
4×4=one whole
or
the apple,
If
%
is
1
many (8× 4) equals

or
as
apple. Therefore parts twice

8
whole apples. 8X%=2.

2
From these explanations develop rule, multiply frac

to
tion by whole number vice versa, multiply numerator

or
of fraction and whole number for new numerator and

of
write over the denominator the fraction.

it
As soon principle understood, introduce cancella

as
is
shorten the process.

to
tion
58 CoCNTY EXAMINATION QUESTIONS.
l
5. What use should be made of the standard units in
teaching denominate numbers? -
Ans.—The child should know that in every way mater
ial is measured, there is a unit which stands for a certain
measurement. For convenience this unit is broken up.
into smaller units or increased to larger units.
uniform through
all
The standard units make measure
out our country,
be
transacted. With
so
that business can
units all business conducted. These standard
is
these
units are kept by the government Washington, and from
at
them all units of measure are made.
possible given the
be
The student should
as
as
much
handle himself, that he may acquire
to
different units
a
practical knowledge
of
such.
Write "romissory note, and calculate the interest
6.
maturity.
at
due
$100. Topeka, Kans.,
July 20, 1909.
One year after date, promise pay John Doe or
to
to
I
order, one hundred dollars ($100), with interest from
per cent. Value received.
at
date
6
SAMUEL Houston.
$100X.06=$6.00, int. maturity.
at
by
of
Find measurement the exact dimensions sheet
7.
a
paper used this earamination, and calculate the length
ofof
in
its diagonal.
Ans.—Paper=14 in. long.
in. wide.
9
Base 2-L.Aſtitude2=Hypothen use.

V
-
The diagonal the paper the hypothen use right
of
of
9 is
a
angled triangle whose base
14
in. and altitude in.
is
V92TT42=Diagonal.
VSTE196=V277
in.
V277=16.6+
by
six feet long,

If
shadow cast fivefoot stake

8.
is
a
at a
how high tree that the same time casts shadow

is
a
*
forty feet long?
SoLUTION. -
:
6:40: ft. 4–33% ft.

5
:
5
ft.
=33%
merchant sells customer goods marked thus:

A
to
9.
Price, $2,400; discount twenty-five per cent sixty days, and

STATE OF KANSAS. 59
three per cent cash. What must the customer pay cash
for the goods?
SoLUTION.
$2,400X.25=$600, discount from list price.
$2,400—$600–$1,800, amount of bill.
$1,800X.03=$54, discount for cash, is bill was paid at
end of 2 mos.
$1,800–$54=$1,746, amount of bill if paid at end of
2 moS.
10. How long will it take $750 to earn $345 at eight per
cent per annum ?
Ans.—$750X.08=$60, int. for 1 yr.
$345+$60=5% yrs.=5 yrs. 9 mos.
ALGEBRA.
1. Define factor, multiple, prime quantity, composite
quantity, factoring.
Ane.— (a) A factor of a number is one of two or morc
numbers which, when multiplied together, produce the
number.
(b) A multiple of two or more numbers is the result
obtained by multiplying the numbers together.
(c) A prime quantity is one which is not divisible by
anything except itself and one.
(d) A composite quantity is one that can be factored.
(e) Factoring is separating any quantity or number into
factors.
2. Define monomial, binomial, expression.
(a) A monomial is an algebraic expression of one term.
(b) A binomial is an algebraic expression containing
two terms.
(c) An expression is any number of terms represent
ing unity.
3. Earplain the meaning of (1), (x3)2; (2), 8Vaº.
(1) (a 3)2 means the term (r3) raised to the second
power. It also means that (48) is taken two times as a
factor which is equal to 46. w
(2) &Vaº means to extract the cube root of aº, which is
equal to a” or a to the second power.
*Tºº
SoLUTION.
4. Factor—(1) 9–(4–2y)*.
(2) 4by”—8by—140b,
SoLUTION.
(1)
=[3–(4–2y)] [3+(4–2y)]
= (3—r-H2y) (3-Har—2y).
60 County ExAMINATION QUESTIONs.
(2) 4by?–8by—140b
=4b (y”—2y—35)
= (4b) (y–7)(y–H5).
v. Factor—(1), 8-Har!2.
(2), y”—3ry”--34°y—rº.
SoLUTIon.
(1) 8–Ha-12=(2)8–H (4-4)8.
[2++4] [(2)2–(244)+(44)2]
=(2+++) (4–2+4++8). -
(2) y?—3ry2+3+2)—ré
= (yº—a'8)–(34 y”—34”y)
gº.”.)
= (y—r) (y?--ry-Har”)—3ry (y—r)
= (y—r) (y”—Hary-Har”—3+y) -
Or — *-āº-º-º-º-º
= {y—r) (3)—ar
(y—r) (y—r) (y—r).

6. Reduce to lowest terms—
4: ).
-
ſº
()-iñº,
air-Har” ar?--74–30
(2)-4-#T.
SoLUTION.
(1)
air-Har? - a (a++)
E.) T 53
4. allS.
-
ab2+-b2a: B3(a
(1)
a 2+7a-30 (*#10) (*-*) = *H* =
42–7a-H12 (4–4) (ar—3) +–4
7. Fine the product of—
(** +1)×(-ºi )
(; 'i') (º)
b
SoLUTION.
=( " U--ty
(#)-(+)
2
3'
2
—b
f
E. b”
×-ºf- ==—by ans.
8. Fine the algebraic sum of— - -

2.r
-
1 1
+
a-Hy a—y r*-ī-y”
STATE OF KANSAS. 61
SOLUTION.
4–4–4–––H
-r-ţ-y " y a”+y” a
=r8-Hay?—rºy—yº rº-Hry”-Ha*y-Hy”
(.3-L 2)(x2−y2T ' (+2+y}) (42—y”)
_2+*-**
T(x2−y2)(x2−y2)
= x3--4-y”—x2y—yº–H48+xy”--a”y-Hyº —2+3+2+y”
(+2+y^)(x2−y2)
= 4xy” =—tº: *IlS.
(a 2+y^) (r2–y”) T +4—yº
9. Solve—
gº
z—b__ wº—a r—b%
o, air—bº air—b”
SoLUTION.
+-b___*—ar—bº — ar—bº
g ar—bº air T
= (x—b) (ar—b%)—a (a 2–a4–b” a?:
a (ar—b”) Ta (air-b2)
=a+2—bºr—aba-Hb3—a rº-Ha2++-ab2=a^x
=—abar—bºr=—ab?—bé
=+ (−ab—b”)=b (—ab—b”)
=w=b (—ab—b”)
(—ab—b”)
= r=b.
10. A. and B. have the same income. A. saves one
fourth of his income, and B. spends $300 a year more than
A. At the end of three years B is in debt $150. Find
their incomes.
SOLUTION.
ar=Income of each=$1,000.
–H =Amt. A.
.* -
saves in a year,
"*— 3.
A
•
tº
=Amt. spends in a year.
—H$300=Amt. B. Spends in a year,
3
(* +800) =Amt. B. spends in three years.
3.x=Amt. B. receives in three years.

34-H150=Amt. B. spends in three years.
3.r
..".
3.41%–3 ( 4 +30)
9
=3++150= º +900
=12++600=9 r–H3600
=34:=$3,000.
ar=$1,000, income of each.
GRAMMAR.
. Presented rightly to the mind, the discoveries and generaſízations
of modern science constitute a poem more sublime than has ºver yet
been addressedto the intellect and imagination of man. The naturaſ
philosopher of—todaymay dwell amid conceptions which beggar those
of Milton. So great and grand are they that, in the contemplation
i of them, a certain force of character is requisite to preserve us
from bewilderment.
1. Classify the following clauses: (a) Than has been
- - addressed (line 2); (b) which beggar (line 4);
(c) force . . . is requisite (line 6).
Ans.— (a) Adverbial.
(b) Adjective.
(c) Adverbial.
2. State to what part of speech each of the following
words respectively belongs: (a) More (line 2); (b)
ever (line 2); (c) yet (line 2); (d) so (line 5).
Ans.— (a) “More sublime” is the comparative degree
of “sublime.” Separating them, “more” is an adverb
modifying “sublime.”
(b) Adverb.
(c) Adverb.
(d) Adverb.
3. State what each of the following modifies: (a) Pre
sented (line 1); (b) sublime (line 2); (c) great (line
5); (d) requisite (line 6); (e) to preserve (line 6).
Ans.— (a) “Discoveries and generalizations.”
(b) “Poem,” “more sublime” is the complete adjective
(c) Adjective. One member of the compound predi
cate (“so great and grand”) of “they” after copula “are.”
(d) Predicate adjective of “force” after “is.”
(e) Adverbial infinite modifying “requisite.”
4. Select (a), an infinitive; (b) a participle.
Ans.— (a) “To preserve.”
(b) “Presented.”
5. Select two adjectives and two adverbial phrases.
STATE OF KANSAS. " 63
Ans.—Adjectives—“Natural” (line 3), and “certain”

(line 6).
Adverbial phrases—“Amid conceptions” (line 4), and
“in the contemplation” (line 6).
6. Select an adjective in each degree of comparison
found in the above quotation.
Ans.—“Modern” (line 2), positive degree.
“More sublime” (line 2), comparative degree.
There is no example of the superlative degree of com
parison in the selection.
7. Write an analysis
- of the second sentence in the above
selection.
Ans.—Complex declarative sentence of which “the
conceptions” is the principal clause, and “which . . .
Milton” is the subordinate clause. “The . . . . today”
is the complex subject of the principal clause, of which
“philosopher” is the base, modified by “the” and “natural,”
two simple adjectives, and by “of today,” an adjective
phrase of which “today” is the base and “of” is the rela
tion word. “May dwell” is the base of the complex pred
icate modified by “amid . . . Milton,” a complex ad
verbial element, of which “amid” is the relation word, and
“conceptions” is the base, modified by the adjective clause
“which . . . Milton,” of which “which” is the subject
unmodified, and “beggar . . . Milton” is the com
plex predicate, of which “beggar” is the base, modified
by “those . . . Milton,” a complex objective element,
of which “those” is the base, modified by the adjective
phrase, “of Milton,” of which “of” is the connective and
“Milton” is the base.
8. What is a defective verb f What is a redundant
verbº Give an example of each.
Ans.—(a) A verb not used in all the modes and tenses,
as must.
(b) A verb having more than one form for its past
tense or past participle, as ring, rang or rung, rung.
9. Mention in the order of their importance three points
to be considered by the teacher in criticising a composi
-
tion.
Ans.—1. The thought.
2. Grammar, spelling and meaning of words.
3. Construction and arrangement of sentences.
In beginners' work perhaps 1 should be 3.
10. The correct ::aching of technical grammar induces
clear thought and expression. Justify this statement.
Ans.—The English language has very few inflections
and hard and fast rules for order of words in senterices.

In most instances the meaning alone determines the part
of speech to be used. Hence to apply any test of English
grammar, the first question is “What is the meaning
sought to be conveyed?” Hence the rules so far as they
determine the choice of words and their arrangement look
first to the meaning, which of course makes for clearness
of expression.
GEOGRAPHY.
1. Bound Korea. How is it governed? What events
have made Korea important?
Ans.— (a) It is bounded on the north and northwest
by Manchuria; on the west, by the Yellow Sea; east, Sea
of Japan; south, by East China Sea and Korea Strait.
(b) Since the Russia-Japan war, it has been governed
by Japan.
(c) The controversy and war over the territory by Rus
sia and Japan.
2. Define limited monarchy, despotic government, repub
lican government, and name one country under each form.
Ans.— (a) A monarch which is limited in its powers
by a legislative assembly. Great Britain.
(b) One in which there is no check on the ruler. His
will is law. Russia. Recently, there have been attempts
in Russia to limit the power of the Czar, by the creating
of a national legislature, the Duma, but the checks upon
the ruler's power, thus far, are very feeble.
(c) One in which the people are governed by repre
sentatives, elected directly or indirectly by themselves. The
United States.
3. How would you illustrate to a class glaciers, vol
canoes, moraines?
Ans.— (a) By making mountains of sand, I would with
salt or some other easily handled substance, show the ac
tion of glaciers.
(b) Make the volcano, using a type, Vesuvius or Etna,
putty, or any other material which may be acces
i.ºnd.
S1DIe. -
(c) In connection with lesson on glaciers, gravel
the
could be used to show moraines.
4. Why is each of the following named cities a great
commercial center: New York, New Orleans, San Fran
cisco, Liverpool, Buenos Ayres?
Ans.—(a) It is at the mouth of a river, on a fine har
STATE OF KANSAS. 65
bor, and opposite the great commercial centers in West

ern Europe.
(b) It is at the mouth of the Mississippi River, a dis
tributing point for a rich valley, and in touch with the
West Indies, Central and South America.
(c) It is on the best harbor on the Pacific coast, and a
natural receiving center for the commerce of Eastern
Asia. *
(d) It is on the Mersey River, western coast of Eng
land, and its situation brings to it the commerce of Scot
land and Ireland, and of the United States.
(e) Its situation at the mouth of the La Plata River
makes it a distributing point for the products of the plains
between it and the Andes; also makes it an important cen
ter for commerce with Europe.
5. Name a city whose climate is modified by altitude,
one by ocean currents, and one by mountains.
Ans.—(a) Quito in Ecuador.
(b) London.
(c) Salt Lake City.
6. How would you use books of travel, pictures, and
Stereoscopic views in your geography classes?
Ans.—(a) To read from in class, descriptions of the
peoples mentioned in the lessons.
(b) To give the children clearer ideas of the scenery,
customs, costumes, etc., of the people.
7. Name and give the general direction of three river
routes for the transportation of goods in the United
States. Three railroad lines; of three canals.
Ans.— (a) The Mississippi, flowing in a southerly or
southeasterly direction; the Ohio, flowing in a southwes
terly direction from Pittsburg to the Mississippi; and the
Hudson flowing south into New York harbor.
(b) The A. T. & S. F. R. R., extending in a south
westerly and westerly direction from Chicago to San
Francisco; the Missouri Pacific, extending south and west
from St. Louis to southwestern states and Colorado.
(c) The Erie Canal extends in a southeasterly direc
tion from Buffalo to Albany, N. Y. The Illinois and
Michigan Canal extends in a southwesterly direction from
Lake Michigan to the Illinois River. The Morris Canal
extends easterly from Phillipsburg, N. J., to the Hudson
River at Jersey City.
8. What is the prevailing religion in each of the follow
ing-named countries: Spain, Germany, Turkey, Russia,
Sweden, Holland, Italy. Greece, Brazil, China?
66 Cod NTY EXAMINATION QUESTIONs.
Ans.— (a) Catholic. (b) Protestant. (c) Mohamme

dan. (d) Greek Church. (e) Protestant. (f) Protestant.
(g). Catholic. (h) Greek Church. (i) Catholic. (j)
Buddhist.
9. Name four noted salt lakes, and tell in what country
each is situated. Give the causes of sult lakes. *
Ans.— (a) Great Salt Lake, Utah; Caspian Sea, Rus
sia; Dead Sea, Syria; Lake Aral.
(b) Salt lakes have no outlets. Rivers carry into the
lakes a great deal of chloride of sodium or common salt.
The surplus waters brought in are evaporated, but the
salt remains.
10. Name the leading product, or one of the leading
products or manufactures of the following named coun
tries and states : Japan, Peru, Brazil, Massachusetts, Mis
sissippi, France, Germany, Virginia, Oregon.
Ans.— (a) Tea. (b) Sugar and cotton. (t ) Coffee.
(d) Cotton goods and shoes. (e) Cotton. (f) Wine and
silks. (g) Zinc and iron ore. (h) Tobacco. (i) Sal
mon and lumber.

1. By what right did Spain claim the Pacific coast of
North America?
Ans.—Upon the exploratiens of Cabrillo 1542 and 1543.
2. Give a brief sketch of De Soto's discovery of the Mis
sissippi river.
Ans.—He sailed from Cuba in 1539, landed at Tampa
Bay, Florida, travelled westward overland searching for
gold, and after many adventures reached the Mississippi
in the spring of 1541.
3. Contrast the early settlers of Massachusetts and Vir
gtnia.
Ans.—The early settlers of Massachusetts came from
England to secure the religious freedom their home gov
ernment refused to give them. They were God-fearing.
industrious people, well-adapted to the work of homemak
ing in a new country.
The early settlers of Virginia were made un largely, but
not wholly, of adventurers, wealth-seekers, debtors, and
the sons of aristocratic families knowing little or nothing
of the work necessary to establish homes in forests.
4. What is the value of current history? How should
you teach it?
say the least, the history
is,
Ans.—It
to
as
as
valuable
the text-books. All history was current once.
in
STATE OF KANSAS. 67
5. What were the causes of the defeat of the Federalist

party in 1800?
Ans.—The passage of the Alien and Sedition acts, and
a general feeling that the Federalists distrusted the people.
6. Who were Mason and Slidell? What action did the
{Jnited States government take with reference to their cap
ture?
Ans.—They were two of four envoys sent on the British
ship Trent to European governments by the Confederate
government to secure recognition of the South. Captain
Charles Wilkes, commanding the San Jacinto, intercepted
the Trent, and took out the envoys.
It was decided by the United States government that
the capture of the envoys was a violation of international
law and they were released.
7. From what nations respectively did the United States
acquire the territory of (a) Nevada; (b) Arkansas; (c)
California?
Ans.— (a) Mexico: (b) France; (c) Mexico.
8. What is the Hague Conference? State its purpose.
Ans.—It is an international conference of delegates
which assembles periodically at the Hague. At the first
conference, 100 delegates from nearly all parts of the
world were present. The purpose is to maintain general
peace, to soften the hardships of war, and to reduce the
military and naval armaments of the world.
9. When did John Brown's raid take place and what was
its purpose?
Ans.—On October 16 and 17, 1859, he captured Harper's
Ferry, and held it about one day. The purpose was to free
the slaves in the South, by inciting them to insurrection.
10. Give dates and locations of the three principal
World’s Fairs held in the United States. What event did
each commemorate?
Ans.— (a) In Philadelphia in 1876. It commemorated
the one hundredth anniversary of American independence.
(b) Chicago, 1893. The discovery of America. (c) St.
Louis in 1904. The Louisiana Purchase.
GENERAL HISTORY.
1. Give briefly the causes which led to the Common
wealth-Protectorate in England.
Ans.—The assumption of power by Charles I which be
longed to parliament; his insincerity and failure to under
stand his people; his belief in the divine right of kings to
rule, and that the king could do no wrong, led to the civil
war and the death of Charles and the establishment of the

Commonwealth, and the incompetency and wrangling of
parliament led to the assumption of almost dictatorial pow
er by the Protector, Oliver Cromwell.
2. is meant by “The Restoration” in English his–
tory Jºnal
Ans.—The overthrow of the Commonwealth-Protector
ate of Richard Cromwell and the bringing back of the
Stuart family to the throne of Great Britain in the per
son of Charles II, by General Monk and the army in 1660.
3. Who were the eminent writers in the reign of Louis
XIV of France 2
Ans.—Boileau, Racine, Moliere, Malebranche, Bossuet,
Fenelon, Bourdalone, Basillon, Claude, Saurin, La
Rochefoucauld, La Bruyere, St. Evremond, Madame de
Sevigny, Le Sage, St. Simon, Louis Racine (poet), and
Fontenelle. Montesqieu and Voltaire were young men
lºad
eath.
not written much prior to 1715, the year of Louis'
4. What war was going on in North America during the

Seven Years' war in Europe? Name a leader on each side
Ans.— (a) The

#j.
in both wars and give the results of the contests.
and Indian War.
(b) The Seven Years' War—Frederick the Great of
Prussia.
Confirmed Silesia to Prussia and made that kingdom a
first-rate Enropean power.
The French and Indian War.
Marquis Montcalm of the French, and General James
Wolfe of the English. France gave up all her American
possessions (“half a continent”) except two small islands
near Newfoundland. England. received all east of the
Mississippi, and Spain all west of that river, except the
Oregon Country.
5. What did the English people secure by the Revolu
tion of 1688?
Ans.—A constitutional monarchy, in which the succes
sion was Protestant, with power of King and parliament
well established and the rights of the people defined and
safe-guarded.
6. When and under whose reign were the first steps
taken toward giving liberty of the press in England?
Ans.— (a) The essential principles were announced by
the House of Commons in its contest with James I in 1621,
when it resolved “to debate freely all questions concern
ing the common weal.” This declaration carried with it
STATE OF KANSAS. 69
the right to print what had occurred and what had been
said in the debate. -
(b) John Milton carried this doctrine to its fullest and
most legitimate conclusion in his eloquent “Areopagitica”
in the struggle between Charles I and the parliament,
where he pleads for freedom of the press.
(c) The principle of freedom of debate was recog
nized and established in the Bill of Rights in William and
Mary's reign, and in the same reign parliament incorpor
ated the same principle, extended to freedom of publica
tion, into statute. -
7. In the eighteen century what nations of Europe were

engaged in contests for colonial supremacy? Name the
most important of the colonies that were the cause of con
troversy and war.
Ans.—(a) France, England, Spain.
(b) Canada, Louisiana, the country between the Alle
ghanies and the Mississippi River, Florida, and Havana
on the Island of Cuba.
8. How, and under whose reign was the union of Eng
land and Scotland formed? -
Ans.—Queen Anne's Reign, 1707. Under the name of
Great Britain England and Scotland became a single king
dom. The two crowns had been united by the reign of
James I, now the two parliaments were merged into one,
and the name “British” is the common name applied to
the peoples of Wales, Scotland, and England.
9. Give the meaning of the following terms: Ancient
Regime, Guilds, Serfdom, Absolutism, Cavalier Parlia
pºtent.
Ans.—(a) The monarchy of France previous to the
French Revolution of 1789.
(b) Associations of members of the same craft, as
fullers, weavers, etc., which made their own laws, fur
nished companies in time of war, and discharged all pub
lic duties through their corporation.
(c) Condition of slavery by which human beings were
sold with the soil during the Middle Ages under feudal in
stitutions. Until recently, a much modified form of it pre
vailed in Russia, but it is now abolished even there.
(d) A government in which the will of the ruler is ab
solutely law.
(e) The first parliament that met after the restoration
of Charles II, because it abased itself so before the King,
10. What is meant by Cabinet Government? In what
reign or reigns did it become established in England?
7U COUNTY EXAMINATION QUESTIONS.
Ans.— (a) Government by a board of ministers, accept

able to the most numerous legislative body and chosen by
the King or ruler. In Britain, the monarch names the
prime minister, and he chooses the other members of the
cabinet. In France, the president chooses the prime min
ister.
(b) It has been a matter of slow growth in Britain,
having its beginnings in the reigns of William and Mary
and of Queen Anne, reaching a high state of perfection
in the administration of Walpole under George I and II,
suffering somewhat under the autocratic reign of George
III; but reaching its best estate, during the reigns of Vic
toria and Edward VII.
KANSAS HISTORY.
1. What bloody deed in Kansas history did the poet
Whittier make the subject of a poemf
Ans.—The Marais des Cygnes Massacre, May 19, 1858.
The poem is in the “History of Kansas,” page 118.
2. When was it voted to make Topeka the State Capi
fol? What city was Topeka's chief competitor in the elec
tion?
Ans.— (a) November 5, 1861.
(b) Lawrence.
3. What relation had the following-named persons to the
history of Kansas: Douglas, Shannon, Seward, Zebulon
M. Pike, General Price?
Ans.— (a) Author of the Kansas-Nebraska bill.
(b) Second Territorial Governor.
(c) It was on the motion of Seward the bill to admit
Kansas was passed in the U. S. Senate.
(d) He went through Kansas in 1806. He hauled down
the Spanish flag in Pawnee Republic, near what is now
its
Republic City, and raised the American flag in stead.

(e) General Sterling Price tried
to
invade Kansas in
1864, but he was driven south.
How did the Homestead law affect the growth
of
4.
Kansas
f
Ans.—It brought
to
of
the state thousands industrious

people who came get homes, and thus added
to
to
the
population and wealth
of
Kansas.
Give briefly the substance the following-named
of
5.
laws Pure food law, Anti-pass law, Tar Commission.

:
by
all
requires
be
Ans.—(a)
to
food stuff inspected

It
state inspectors, and provides severe penalties for foods

StATE OF ran SAS. 71
which may be found adulterated or otherwise unfit for

use.
(b) It prohibits railway companies from issuing passes
to any except employees of the companies.
(c) The Tax Commission was created by the Legisla
ture of 1907 to take the place of the Board of Railroad
Assessors and the State Board of Equalization. The
Commission is composed of three commissioners, appoint
ed by the governor. The Commission has general super
vision over the system of taxation in the state.
6. What was Price's raid?
Ans.—See (e), Answer 3.
7. What connection had each of the following-named
persons with the history of Kansas: Colonel N. S. Goss,
John A. Martin, John Martin, Charles Sumner?
Ans.—(a) He gave a fine and varied collection of
stuffed birds to the state. He was in charge of it during
the last years of his life. The collection is now in the
State Capitol.
(b) Governor of Kansas January, 1885 to January,
1889. -
(c) United States Senator, January, 1893-January, 1895.
(d) He was one of the leaders in the United States
Senate who opposed the Kansas-Nebraska bill.
8. How did the Federal government assist to build rail
roads in Kansas?
Ans.—By giving them large grants of land. Alternate
sections were given, amounting to 6,400 acres per mile.
The grants were ten miles in width.
9. Name an important event in the history of the state
under the administration of each of the following-named
governors: John P. St. John, John W. Leedy, E. W.
Hoch, W. R. Stubbs.
Ans.— (a). The adoption of the Prohibitory amendment
to the constitution.
(b) The creation of the State Text-Book Commission,
(c) The state primary election law.
(d) The Bank Guaranty law.
10. “The supreme court shall consist of one chief jus
tice and two associate justices.” [Section 2, article 3 of
the constitution as adopted at Wyandotte.] How many
justices of the supreme court are there now? Name three
of them. . How long is the term of office of each *
Ans.—(a). Seven. , (b) W. A. Johnston, Chief-Justice,
Henry F. Mason and Rousseau Burch, Associate Justices,
(c) Six years.
READING.
1. In
teaching beginners to read what use would you
make of the phonic, alphabet and word methods?
Ans.—I should combine them. No one of them should
be used exclusively.
2. Indicate the emphasis and grouping of the following
telection : “How bright our flag is today!” said Willie
one morning as the sun shone upon
it.
Jack Brown, who carried the flag, said: “It may not
bright tonight, my boy. Today's fight may tear
so
look
it
and give good many black spots. fear.”
it
a
I
Jack was right; for soon the fight began, and the air
was filled with smoke, and shot and shells were flying
thickly. The battle was heavy.
Ans.—[For the applicant.] **
What form, quality, force, pitch and rate are appro
3.
priate for the following selection:

call upon that right reverend and this most learned
“I
.
vindicate the religion their God, support
of
to
to
bench
the justice their country. call upon the bishops
usto
of
I
interpose the unsullied sanctity
of
their ermine
to
save
from this pollution. call upon the honor your lord
of
I
ships dignity your

of
reverence the ancestors and
to
to
maintain your own. call upon the spirit and humanity
I
my country
of
vindicate the national character.”—Wil–

to
liam Pitt.
Ans.—Orotund, expulsive, energetic, middle, slow.
Outline your plan conducting Eng
of
recitation
4.
in
a
lish classics.
Ans.—Require
of
of
narrative the life and works the
a
author and the circumstances giving rise the production

to
of the selection.
Have the pupils tell the thoughts their own language.
in
Point out and comment upon any unusual words ex or

pressions.
Read the selection the best manner possible, that
is,
in
have the pupils do the reading.

Classify the production literary, beauty and value.
to
as
Hear recitations quotations required be mem

to
of
orized.
What questions should
be
asked and what instruc

5.
given developing the - following lesson

be
tion should
in
from the Fourth Reader?

“Still sits the schoolhouse by the road,
ragged beggar Sunning;
A
Around still the sumachs grow,

it
~
STATE OF KANSAS. - 73
#And blackberry vines are running.

Within the master's desk is seen,
Deep-scarred by raps official;
The warping floor, the battered seats,
The jackknife's carved initial;
The charcoal frescoes on its wall;
Its door's worn sill, betraying
The feet that, creeping slow to school,
Went storming out to playing!
Long years ago a winter sun
Shone over it at setting;
Lit up its western window panes
And low eaves’ icy fretting.”
—Whittier.
Ans.—1. Describe the external surroundings of the
schoolhouse.
2. What is meant by line 27
3. What are “sumachs?” Do you have another name
for them?
4. What is the meaning or “raps official,” and how were
they made and by whom?
5. Why should Whittier speak especially of a “warping
floor,” and what does he mean by the expression?
6. What is a jackknife? What is meant by “carved
initial P’’
7. Illustrate what is meant by “charcoal frescoes?”
8. Explain the beautiful thought in hines 10, 11 and 12,
9. Describe the schoolhouse as Whittier wishes you to
think of it in this selection.
10. Show what parts of the schoolhouse the author had
in mind when he spoke of : “Sill,” “wall,” “panes,” “low
eaves,” and what he meant by “icy fretting.”
ORTHOGRAPHY,
by the examiner:
Senate, enigma, gingham, intercede, ability, banana, hyp
ocrite, surgeon, palpitate, impostor, massacre, cylinder,
cyclopedia, control, treble, stratagem, bazaar, convene, rec
ommend, blamable, mystical, neutral, rectitude, glucose,
opaque.
(For the applicant.)
6. Give a homophone for each of the following: (a)
Cite, (b) colonel, (c) kiln, (d) gnu, (e) feet,
Ans.—Sight, kernel, kill, new, feat,
7. Mark diacritically the following: Docile, nomad,

grana, y, mischievous, honorary.
Ans.—(See the dictionary.)
8. Define: Digraph, Trigraph, vowel, consonant, mute.
Ans.— (a) Two signs or characters combined to express
a single articulated sound.
(b) Three letters united in pronunciation so as to have
but one sound, or to form but one syllable.
(c) Vowels are the letters which represent the tonics
or vocals.
(d) Consonants are the letters which represent the sub
tonics or subvocals.
(e) A letter which represents no sound, a silent letter.
9. Give and- define ten prefixes. Illustrate the use of
each.
Ans.—Ante, before, as antedate; sine, without, as sine
cure; super, above, as supernatural; ear, out, as expel;
inter, between, as intervene; pro, for, as progress; ultra,
beyond, as ultramarine; cis, on this side, as cisalpine;
preter, beyond, as preternatural; retro, backward, as retro
-
grade.
10. Describe your method of conducting an eighth grade
spelling class.
Ans.—(For the applicant.)
PENMANSHIP.
1. Describe the seat work you would have a first-year
class do in writing. -
Ans.—The seatwork should be a repetition of work
previously practiced at the blackboard. The teacher
should illustrate the copy from the board. The copies
should consist of simple movement exercises, and the out
lines of the letters and figures.
2. What period of the day should writing have in a pro
gram * Why?
Ans.—The writing period should be late in the day, be
cause all excitement from outdoor exercise is past.
3. What are the relative merits of legibility and speed
j."je
in writing?
two cannot be separated, but must be devel
oped together. Neither must be sacrificed for the other,
both are prime essentials.
4. What value has counting in movement exercises?
Ans.—Counting keeps the class together in unnform
movement and gives the pupil an idea as to how fast to
write.
STATE OF KANSAS. 75
5. What movement do you use in writing?

What move Z
*nent do you teach * Explain why.
Ans.—I use the combined forearm and finger movement,
and I teach that method. The fingers are too short for
rapid onward movement, and thus the larger muscles must
be used if we would become easy, graceful writers.
THEORY AND PRACTICE,

1. Distinguish and illustrate mechanical and rational
memory,
Ans.—Mechanical—Where the learning has been parrot
like; the mere learning of words, without understanding
their meaning.
Rational Memory—Remembering because of under
standing. The building up of the expression in forms of
-
the learner's own making.
2. What means are available for the development of the
creative imagination?
Ams.—Descriptions of nature; narration of incidents in
history, literature and life; stories, fairy and others, etc.
3. Give four guides or suggestions to be followed in
cultivating the power of attention,
Ans.—1. Excite interest in the subject.
2. Enlist habit of observation.
3. Encourage emulation of action,
4. Be original and progressive yourself.
4. Describe and illustrate the analytical method.
Ans.—The analytical method separates the whole into
its parts. It then proceeds to contrast and compare these
parts, determining relative values, characteristics, etc., and
thus is enabled from these parts to reconstruct and under
stand the whole. -
5. Discuss the limitations of language as a medium for
the communication of ideas.
Ans.—Since language is made up of the arbitrary forms
used for the expression of thought the mind is burdened
with learning the meaning and application of these forms
and then adapting them nicely to the thought intended to
be expressed. Thus, until the learner has secured a vo.
cabulary he can not express his thoughts, and when new
ideas present themselves he begins to grope either for
new forms, or for a modified application of the old forms.'
6. Distinguish between grammar and language lessons,
Ans.—Language lessons is the employment of art alone,
and secures perfection only by doing.
Grammar unites what science there is in language study
76 CoCNTY EXAMINATION QUESTIONs.
with the art of expression, supplying the learner with

rules and standards by which to direct his choice of words
and expressions when outside the schoolroon, and away
from a teacher or other authority.
- !, What is the relutive value of written and oral spell
1ng
Aus.—About the same. One should never be taught
to the exclusion of the other.
8. What is the aim in the study of English grammarf
Ans.—To speak and write the English language cor
rectly, because it is the medium by which you convey your
thoughts to others, and receive thought from them.
9. In introductory (oral) geography, how should occu
pations be taught? -
Ans.—From those actually engaged in in the community.

From pictures and descriptions. The stereoscope is a val
uable aid in this particular line of work.
10. How can the meaning of division be developed?
Ans.—By showing from simple examples that it is a
short method of subtraction.
PHYSIOLOGY.
1. (a) Should pupils be required to keep a note-book in
physiology? (b) Why?
Ans.— (a) Yes.
(b) 1. It systematizes knowledge-getting. -
2. Furnishes a storehouse of information not gleaned
from the text-book alone.
3. Gives a greater personal interest to the student.
4. Affords a means by which the teacher may judge of
pupils' progress.
5. Imparts the advantages of object lessons and origi
nal investigation and experiment.
2. Show une structure of the ear by a drawing.
Ans.—[For the applicant.]
3. What is tric runction of breathing? Erplain fully.
Ans.— (a) To purify the blood.
(b) Inhalation brings into the lung-cells fresh air
charged with oxvgen. By osmosis this oxygen is con
veyed by the blood to the tissues of the body. There the
oxygen unites with the tissue already used, forming the
waste product, carbon dioxide. The blood loaded with
the waste returns to the lungs; by osmosis, this waste
passes into the lung-cells and by exhalation is discharged
from the system.
4. Describe the structure of the skin as to (a) heat reg
STATE OF KANSAS. 77.
ulation, (b) excretion, (c) protection, (d) sensation, (e)

care.
Ans.—(a) The capillaries of the skin enlarge so that
tile hot blood from the interior may come to the surface
and be cooled. The sweat-glands discharge the perspira
tion upon the skin which cools by evaporation of the sweat,
(b) The sweat excreted is made up of more than 99
per cent water, holding in solution slight quantities of
urea, common salt and a few other substances. The skin
is provided with more than 2,000,000 sweat-glands which
excrete the sweat.
Upon portions the body the skin structure be
of
(c.
comes hair, nails, callouses, for its protection. And the

skin kept soft and pliable wherever hair appears by the
is
oil secreted by the sebaceous glands.

(d) Certain nerves with special endings distributed
through the skin receive the stimulus cold, and other
of
entirely different nerves receive that These give
of
heat.
temperature. The nerve ending
of
the cutaneous sense

hairs, and where there are no hairs,
of
around the roots

the tactile corpuscles give the cutaneous sense pressure,
of
skin nerve endings impart the cutaneous
of
Another series
sense of pain.
(e) The perspiratory glands serve also
to
keep the skin
moist; the sebaceous glands smooth and pliable,
to
keep
it
protect from extremes temperature of

to
the nails and hair

and injury,
What ptomaine poisoning?
5.
is
Ans.—The occasional poisoning resulting from the use

of canned meat, fish, fowl, any description.
of
or
flesh
It
by
the poison called ptomaine excreted bacteria

to
is
due
the cooking the product. Cook
ofof of it of
which were not killed

in
ing has no effect on this poison after once formed.

is
(a) What are the chief duties

of
the state board

6.
health? (b) County and city boards health?

Ans—(a) To prevent the spread contagious and in
diseases;
to
to
fectious stamp out epidemics, and make

regulations and enforce them carry out the provisions
to
pure law, cooperation

to
of
the food and secure the and

aid of local health bodies.
repre
do
(b) To for the smaller community which they

more detail and more thoroughly the work done
in
sent
by
for the state large re

of
the state board health

in
at
gard sanitation, treatment diseases, quarantine, etc.

to
of
Discuss the difference between infectious and conta

7.
gious diseases
Ans.—Infectious diseases are eaused by timy plants or

animals called parasites, the smaller of these are known as
germs or microbes. Such infections as smallpox, con
sumption, and sacrlet fever which may be contracted by
breathing in the germs floating in the air are called con
tagious, because the healthy acquire the disease by coming
near where the sick are or have been, Yellow fever, lock
jaw, and malaria are infectious, but are not contagious,
since they can be acquired only by their germs being con
veyed into the circulatory system by a mosquito or by the
use of some sharp instrument. Thus all contagious dis
ases are infectious, but many infectious diseases are not
contagious. The third great class of diseases are the non
infectious disorders, as insanity, cancer, alcoholism, and
diabetes.
8. State the proper means to prevent the spread of tu
berculosis.
Ans.—In coughing, a cloth to be later burned should be
held before the patient's mouth. The sputum should be
discharged into a paraffined paper cup with a cover to
keep out the flies. This cup should be burned at the close
of the day. Scald the drinking-cup and all the dishes im
mediately after being used by the sick one. Keep plenty
of fresh, pure air in the house. Using proper care as
above indicated, there is but little risk in living in the
same room with a patient, although physicians advise iso
lation of the person afflicted with consumption from the
healthy.
9. What is meant by a balanced ration?
Ans.—A ration which contains all the food stuffs in the
proper proportions considering both fuel value and tissue
value. Extensive experimentation has shown that the av
erage man should have a daily food containing % of a
pound pure proteid for the tissues, and fats and starches
to furnish a fuel value of 3,000 heat units. Thus to bal
ance a ration one must know the proper fuel and tissue
value of the meats, vegetable and other products used in
making his daily supply, and apportion the quantity of each
used in accordance with such knowledge.
10. Why is alcohol not a food?
Ans.—It is not digested and consequently has no tissue
value, and its fuel value is temporary, and mechanical,
and its primary stimulus is followed by a reaction pro
found and injurious.
StATE OF KANSAS. 79
UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION.

1. Who presides over the Senate when the Vice Presi
dent is absent?
Ans.—The President pro tempore, elected by the Senate
for that purpose.
2. How can a member be expelled from the Senate or
House of Representatives?
Ans.—By a two-thirds vote.
3. What is the constitutional provision in regard to the
adjournment of either house?
Ans.—“Neither house, during the session of Congress,
shall, without the consent of the other, adjourn for more
than three days, nor to any other place than that in which
the two houses shall be sitting.”
4. What is meant by “corruption of blood” and forfeit
ure in the following section f “The Congress shall have
power to declare the punishment of treason, but no attain
der of treason shall work corruption of blood, or forfeit
ure, except during the life of the person attainted.”
Ans.—Under the English law, when one was convicted
or it,
of treason, he could not inherit property, nor transmit
so
that part the punishment affected his children

of
other heirs. The section quoted was make injustice
to
this kind impossible. simply declares that the children
of
It
shall not bear the iniquity

of
the fathers.
Representa
of
bill which has passed the House
If
5.
tives and Senate presented the President for his sig

to
is
noon on Tuesday, June 29, when will

he at
nature become
it
fails sign it?
or
law return
to
if
it
Ans.—On Saturday noon, July 10.

to at
“No person held one state, un

or
service labor
in
6.
der the laws thereof, escaping into another, shall, con

in
any law regulation therein, discharged
of
be
or
sequence
labor,
be
to or
from such service but shall delivered up on

or
the party
of
be
claim; whom such service labor may

due.”
What amendment superseded the
-the constitution has
to
section quoted?
Ans.—The Thirteenth.
Representatives should
of
of
the House
or If
7.
member
a
resign how would the vacancy Sen

be
If
die filled
a
f
ator should die or resign, how does the constitution re

quire the vacancy
be
filled?
to
Ans.— (a) The governor required

of
the state issue

to
is
If of
to
writs election fill the vacancy.

(b) the Legislature session, the
of
the state not

in
is
80 county ExAMINATIox QUESTross.
governor has the power to appoint one to fill the vacancy
until the next session of the Legislature.
8. In what cases has the Supreme Court of the United
States original jurisdiction?
Ans.—In cases affecting ambassadors, other public min
isters and consuls, and those in which a state shall be a
party.
9. Can the salaries of judges of the United States courts
be increased or diminished during their continuance in
office?
Ans—They can be increased, but not diminished.
10. Who presides in the Senate when the President of
the United States is impeached f : Who presides when
other officers are impeached f
Ans.— (a) The Chief Justice of the Supreme Court.
(b) The Vice President except when he himself is im–
peached.
LITERATURE.
1. (a) Define literature. (b) Discuss the aims of study–
ing literature.
Ans.— (a) Literature embraces all writings that appeal
by form and construction to the aesthetic side of human
flature.
(b) To promote acsthetics; to cultivate the taste for the
true, the beautiful and the good; to cultivate the imagina
tion; to secure vocabulary; to train in facility and beauty
of expression; to strengthen the ideal in thought, and es
tablish an ideal for character, etc.
2. Write a brief account of the life of Longfellow as
to hereditary influences, environments, and educaſion.
Ans.—Hereditary influences: Father was a lawyer, con
spicuous in political life; mother was of a family of Puri
tans descended from John Alden and Priscilla Mullens,
whose father, General Peleg Wadsworth, was a romantic -
figure of the Revolutionary War.
Environments: In school from earliest infancy; best
college of his time; began writing poetry at 13; traveled
extensively in France, Spain, Italy, and Germany; was pro
fessor of modern languages and librarian of Bowdoin Col
lege for 5% years; traveled again studying the Scandi
navian languages; was professor of modern languages at
Harvard for 18 years; was for greater part of life in
Cambridge; his atmosphere and associates were always
academic and scholastic.
Education: College graduate, followed by life of orig
STATE OF KANSAS. 81
inal study and research, “refined to his finger-tips,” “gen

erations of culture seem to be packed into his verses.”
3. Discuss the plot of “Evangeline” as to probability,
originality, strength.
Ans.—Probable: Because it is founded on a historical
basis; reflects the best and deepest character and sentiment
of a woman's nature is in accordance with the unrest and
wandering of the time; but some of its incidents, such as
the culture of the Indians as revealed in Evangeline's inter
course with them, are improbable.
Originality: In the sense that Longfellow has made the
tale dramatic, and characters types and not mere “per
sons.”
Strength: Frederic Harrison calls Evangeline “goody
goody dribble;” but, while it lacks brute strength it has an
abundance of power in dramatic interest, character work.
and beauty of description. Harrison could never appreci
ate the power of Longfellow, “which was not the way of
the world,” because he and Whitman were so unlike in
their powers.
4. Write a sketch of your favorite character in “Evan
geline.”
Ans.—
“Fair was she to behold, that maiden of seventeen sum
mers;
Black were her eyes as the berry that grows on the thorn
by the wayside,
Black, yet how softly they gleamed beneath the brown
shade of her tresses 1
Sweet was her breath as the breath of kine that feed in
the meadows.”
Evangeline is the incarnation of beauty, devotion, maid
enly pride, womanly constancy, sacrifice, and self-abnega
tion.
5. Give all the causes which you think contribute to the
effect which this poem has on the mind.
Ans.—Its historical interest, the haunting effect of the
skillfully adapted hexameter to the sentiment and descrip
tion of the poem, the contrasted scenes of Evangeline's
wanderings, the sweetness and wholesomeness of the story
of affection and of the language in which it is couched.
6. Discuss Irving's position relative to American fiction,
Ans.—In the short story of gentle humor and charming
wit he has never been excelled. His “Rip Van Winkle'
and “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow” are masterpieces of
their kind and have never been excelled bw any American,
nor probably by any English writers. In the longer and

more pretentious line of novel-writing he made no at
tempt, unless the humorous, grotesque History of New
York may be considered such.
7. Write a sketch of Ichabod Crane.
Ans.—“The cognomen of Crane was not inapplicable to
his person. He was tall, but exceedingly lank, with nar
row shoulders, long arms and legs, hands that dangled a
mile out of his sleeves, feet that might have served for
shovels, and his whole frame was most loosely hung to
gether. His head was small and flat on top, with huge
ears, large, green glassy eyes, and a long, snipe nose, so
that it looked like a weathercock perched upon his spindle
neck, to tell which way the wind blew.”
8. What is there about the selection “Westminster
Abbey” which would influence you to call it a piece of
literature? --
Ans.—The almost faultless taste displayed in the choice
of words adapted to the thought, and the construction and
cadence of its sentences, which constitute it almost a prose
poem.
PHYSICS.
(Omit two of the following questions.)
1. Illustrate and explain the composition of forces by
means of the parallelogram method.
Ans.—If two forces acting upon a body at the same
time in different directions other than exactly opposite,
be represented in intensity and direction by the adjacent
sides of a parallelogram, the resultant force in both in
tensity and direction will be represented by the diagonal
of that parallelogram. Thus, a force of 2 lbs. and a force
of 3 lbs. acting upon a body at a right angle each to the
other, will move the body along the diagonal of a square
one side of which is 2 and the other 3, or the resultant
will be V13.
2. How far does a body fall (a) the first second, (b)
the second second, (c) the third second, (d) the fourth
second f'
Ans.— (a) 16.08 feet.
(b) 48.24 feet.
(c) 80.40 feet.
(d) 112.56 feet.
3. Describe and illustrate three kinds of equilibrium.
Ans.—Stable, when the center mass is raised by over
STATE OF RANSAS. 83
turning the body; unstable, when it is lowered; neutral,

when it is neither raised nor lowered.
4. Give two illustrations of capillarity.
Ans.—Blotter, taking up fresh ink.
Handkerchief, removing perspiration from face.
5. By means of a drawing explain the operation of the
air-pump.
6. How is the freezing-point of the thermometer lo
cated?
Ans.—The thermometer is packed in finely broken ice
as far as the mercury extends. The containing vessel is
provided with an opening at the bottom to let the water
run away. After standing in the ice for several minutes,
the position of the mercury is marked on the tube. This is
called the freezing-point. -
7. Give an illustration of (a) transverse vibrations, (b)
longitudinal vibrations.
Ans.—Transverse. Clamp one end of a lath in a vise.
Draw the free end aside and then release Each point
it.
path right angles its length.
of
to
the lath vibrates
in
at
a
Longitudinal.—Fasten spiral spring of
to
one end
a
a
hook the wall, holding the other end In
in
in
the hand.
sert finger-nail between two turns the wire short
of
a
a
distance from the hand, and pull them asunder. Upon
the path
of
release, the coils will move and fro
to
the
in
spring’s length.
pitch vary length the vi
How does the with the of
8.
brating spring?
Ans.—The tension and diameter being constant, the
pitch varies inversely the length. That
is,
as
shorten the
string and raise the pitch, lengthen the string and lower
the pitch.
of
What nature
color?
9.
the
is
Ans.—Color the refrangibility light-ray.

is to
of
is
due
a
up
colorless light
of
of
or
White made an infinite number

rays differing refrangibility, the red being least and the
in
violet most refrangible.

as
10. Discuss the earth magnet.

a
Ans.—The magnetic needle discloses this

be
to
so, the
north magnetic pole being point Boothica Felix
is in
at
a
Baffin's Bay, where the needle nearly vertical

of
west
with the N-seeking pole down, points successively south
at
the vertical, becoming nearly horizontal

to
inclined
is
at it
the equator, and again gradually inclining the verti

to
84 CotſNTY EXAMINATION QUESTIONS.
cal with its S-seeking pole down as it nears the south

magnetic pole.
11. How can it be shown that there are two kinds of
electricity?
Ans.—Rub a glass tube with silk and suspend it in a
wire stirrup supported by a string. Excite a second glass
tube and hold it near one end of the suspended one. The
suspended rod will be repelled. Excite a stick of sealing
wax with a bit of flannel, and bring the wax near the sus
pended rod. It will be attracted.
12. Describe an electro-magnet.
Ans.—A magnet which is formed by providing a sole
noid (a coil of insulated wire wound in the form of a
cylinder in one or more layers) with a soft iron core. It
is so called because its core possesses the power of at
traction (becomes a magnet) only while a current of elec
tricity is passing through the solenoid, as is the case in
the receiver of a telegraph instrument. Also pieces of soft
iron become temporary magnets when brough near another
magnet; but upon the other magnet being removed they
lose their magnetism.
BOOKKEEPING.
1. Define statement, assets, personal accounts, principal
book, and order.
A statement is an exhibit, in convenient form, of the
principal facts of a business.
The assets include all property belonging to a person
and sums due him.
Personal accounts are accounts with individuals, firms,
or corporations.
A principal book is one from which or to which posting
is done.
An order is a written request by one person upon a sec
ond to pay money or deliver goods to a third person.
2, 3, 4, 5. Journalize, post, take trial-balance, loss or gain
of the following:
June 16. Began business with merchandise, $400; real
estate,$1.375: notes, $710.
June 17. Sold store building and lots for cash, $1,420.
June 18, Sold merchandise to G. Bell, on account, $240.
June 19. Received cash on note, less discount; face of
June 20. Bought merchandise of D. H. Sanders, $900.
Paid cash, $700; balance on account.
STATE OF KANSAS. 85
June 25. G. Bell gave me - on account, cash, $100; note

for balance due.
June 26. Gave D. H. Sanders note to balance account.
June 29. Sold merchandise for cash, $380.
June 30. Paid note of 26th inst in cash, less discount;
face of note, $... . . . ; discount, $9.40.
Merchandise inventory, $280.
JUNE 16, 1909.
Mdse.................... - - -- -- -- - - -- - -- - 40000
Real Estate... 137500
Bills Rec. . . . . . 71000
Proprietor. 248500
17 Cash . . . . . . . . . . . . 142000
Real Estate 142000
18 G. Bell .. . . . . . . . --- 240 00
240 00
J9 452 50
7 50
460 00
20 900 00
700 00
300 00
25 100 00
14000 -
Bell . . . . . . 340 00
26 || D. H. Sanders.. - - - -- -- 200 00
Bills Pay............................ 200 00
29 || Cash . . . . . . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ***
* 380 00
Mdse...... - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 380 00
30 | Bills Pay....... .. - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - -- - - 200 00
Cash ............ - - - - -- - - - - -- - - - - - - - - 19060
Discount.......... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 40
PROPRIETOR.
Julue ||30 N Loss 353 10 ||June | 16
30 | Pr Wºth. 213190
248500
MERCHANDISE,
June | 16 400 00 |I|June | 18 - :24000

20 - 90000 29 : 380 00
30 | Inventory 280 ()()
||_|_
30 I,088 400 00
_| 130000 CO
REAL ESTATE,
June | 16 137500 lalJune | 17
30 || Gaim A 00
14:20
20
86 County EXAMINATION QUESTIONs.
BILLS RECEIVABLE.
June, | |}}} |*|*| | |

460 00
CASH.
June | 17 142000||June | 20 700 00:
19 45250 30 190 60,
25
29
-
10000
380 00 |
G. BEF,F,.
June 18 |_|240 to Hune 2, |_|_20 tº

DISCOUNT.
--- |- -
June 19 7 BSTIJuneT35 9 40,
30 ||Gates 1 90
_|TJ40 _|_9 40
D. H. SANDERS.
June 23 200 to lºune 9 || |_|_* tº

BILLS PAYABLE.
|_|_*
2,
30,
LExo~ |une
tº
June
LOSS AND GAIN.
June 30ſ Mdise. 00
00
30
June
---
15
400
||
30 Real Est. 90
||_ —
30 Discount 3.531?
_|
|
400 00
00
400
TRIAL BALANCE.
Proprietor.............. ........... 248500

Mdse...............
..
.
.
-- - 130000 6:0 00
Real Estate........ 137500 142000
||
Bills Rec............. 85000 400 00

Cash ................. ....}| 285250 89060
||
Discount............ 50 40
7
9
..
.
..
.
.
..
.
.
..
.
.
..
.
.
00
588500 5885
||
- STATE OF KANSAS- 87
August 6 and 7, 1909.
ARITHMETIC.
1. Illustrate and explain the method of checking multi
plication by casting out the 9’s.
Ans.—
Excesses.
78432. . . . . . . . 6
6783. . . . . .... 6
235296 36. . . . . . . . 0
627456
549024 11
470592
532004256. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0
To check by casting out the nines, cast the nines out of
the multiplicand, the multiplier, and the product. Multiply
the excesses of the multiplicand and the multiplier. Cast
the nines out of this product. If this last excess equals
the excess of the original product the work is probably cor
rect.
2. Add the following numbers:
7836
4985
9579.
6786
5658
8967
9596 -
7879
6785
5968
7687
Test the correctness of your addition. No credit is to

be given unless the sum is correct.
Ans.—The sum is 88,213.
3. What is the value of forming preliminary estimates
of what the results of problems should be *
88 County ExAMINATION QUESTIONS.
Ans.—Forming preliminary estimates enables the pupiſ :

(1) To understand the conditions of the problem.
(2) To arrange the facts in oroper sequence.
(3) To think the problem through.
(4) To choose necessary processes.
(5) To work according to a plan and not at random.
(6) To think clearly.
(7) To strengthen his judgment.
4. Outline the plan that you would carry out in teaching
the products of the multiplication table.
Ans.—For each table prepare a series of drawings of
small squares. For example, for the table of fives, the
first figure would contain five squares, the second ten, the
third fifteen, etc. Let the pupil get the products, first by
counting the squares. From these results the table can
be built. Drill on these products, using the figures when
necessary, until he has them thoroughly learned. Then
work the application problems for that table.
5. Arrange ten items of receipts and carpenditures in the
form of a receipt and expenditure account, and find the
totals and net profit.
CASH.
Dr. (Receipts.)
1909
Aug. 2 To 1 span mules.....................
44 3 **500bu. Wheat at 95c. - 475
44 6 * 1 fat cow.......... .. 40
* : 10 “.5 tons alfalfa at $10.... . 50
* | 13 “15 bu. early apples at $1.......... 15
* | 16 “ 3 doz. spring chickens at $3. -
* | 16 * 1 case eggs at 15c doz. .... 4 50 :
* 20 * 50 bu corn at 40C...... | 20
“ 25 “6 calves at $15........... - 90
* | 30 **60 lbs. butter fat at 22c........... 13 20
$111670
Aug. 31 To balance.... ............ - - - - - - - - -- $59545

(Expenditures) Cr.
1909 -
Aug. By 1 grain drill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
44. 22 “ 1 disc harrow . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
44 5 “ 25 bu. Seed wheat at $1.3 31 25
44 6 “ threshing .............. 40
44 13 “ groceries. --- -- - 25
“ 18 “ 1 suit of clothes ... . . . . . 25
* | 20 “ 1set of parlor furnitur 150
“ 23 “ 1 Windmill . . . . . . . . . 50
“ 25 “ contribution to churc 25
“ 31 “ hired help.............. 50
* | 31 “ Balance... ............ 59545
- 1167.
STATE OF KANSAS. S.)
6. A man bought a lot for $750, which was two-fifths as
it.
‘much as it cost to build a house out What was the cost
'of the house?
SoLUTION.
$750=}; cost
of of
the house.
Then $375–35 cost the house.
And $1875-cost of the house.
-
How long must rectangular piece
of
16
7.
land rods
a
contain 2% acres?
to
zwide be
SoLUTION.
2% acres=400 sq. rās.
rectangle equal the product
of
to
of
Since the area
is
a
its length and breadth,
16X1=400
l=400+-16–25.
Therefore the length the rectangle
of
25
rods.
is
Which pays the higher rate
at of
interest on the invest
8.
ment and how much, bank stock 150 and paying ten per
cent annual dividends or faran mortgage paying six per
a
cent interest?
Solution.
one share (par value $100)
of
The interest on bank
per cent for year
10
at
stock
is
$10.
1
$150Xr=$10
r=$10–$150=.06%
Therefore the bank stock pays 6% per cent interest on
the investment.
Since the farm mortgage pays but per cent, the bank
6
*%
stock pays per cent higher rate.

bin 20x10x8% feet filled with wheat. What
9.
is
is
the
A
weight pounds per bushelf

of
60
at
the wheat
SoLUTION.
20x10x8%x1728)(60
2150.42 =sions.
There are 81,963 lbs. of wheat the bin.
in
school district having

of
In
10. valuation $85,000,

a
a
by
what levy mills will raise taration $442?

in
SoLUTION.
$85,000Xr=$442
r=$442-i-$85,000
=.0052
Therefore the levy 5.2 mills on the dollar,
is
- ALGEBRA,
Explain meaning positive negative
of
(a) and
1.
the
90 CotſNTY EXAMINATION QUESTIONS.
numbers; (b) addition of quantities of like sign; of quan

tities of unlike sign; (c) subtraction of quantities of like
sign; (d) multiplication of quantities of unlike sign.
Ans.— (a) (1) If a man gains $1,200 and then loses
$700, what is the net result? Answer, $500 gain.
(2) The thermometer rises 15 and then falls
degrees
20 degrees. What direct change in temperature would
produce the same result? Answer, 5 degrees fall.
(3) A man travels 40 miles west and then 60 miles
east. What direct journey would bring him to the same
point? Answer, 20 miles east.
In the statement of each of these problems the numbers
are applied to things which are opposite in quality; namely,
gain and loss, rise and fall, distance east and distance west.
The answer in (1) is $500 gain not simply $500; in (2)
it is 5 degrees fall; in (3) it is 20 miles east.
The words positive and negative are used to describe all
pairs of qualities which are opposite in
lustrated.
- the sense here il
(b) Let it be required to add ‘7 and *5. Use the num
ber scale. Begin at 7 to the right of the zero point and
count 5 more to the right arriving at “12. Hence *7+*5
-*12.
Let it be required to add -6 and T8. Begin at 6 to the
left and count 8 more to the left arriving at T14. Hence
"6+"8="14.
Let it be required to add ‘7 and Begin
-5.
at
to
the
7
the left arriving
to
at
left and count “2. Hence *7–H-5

5
—"2.
The direction which we count determined by the
in
is
number which being added.

is
required
of be
(c) Let
to
“6
subtract from *9. From

it
6
the right the zero point we must pass over three
to
the positive direction reach the point

to
to
spaces the
in
right. Hence “9–*6=*3.

required
be
Let
to
to
"6
subtract from "9. From

it
the zero point we must pass over three spaces

of
the left
the negative direction reach the point
to
to
the left.
in
Hence 79–6="3.
arithmetic, namely:
of
This result fulfills the test

Subtrahend-Haifference=minuend. Since subtracting
a
positive number equivalent adding negative num

to
is
the same absolute value, and subtracting nega

of
ber
a
equivalent adding positive number

of
to
tive number
is
the same absolute value, the correct result can

be
obtained
StATE OF RANSAS. 9}
by changing the sign of the subtrahend and adding it to

the minuend.
(d) Let it be required to multiply "5 by *3. "5X*3=
~5-HT5+75–715.
T5 must be taken three times as an addend.
2. Define and illustrate the weaning of: Coefficient, ex
ponent, negative exponent.
Ans.—Each of the factors of a number or the product
of any number of factors is called the coefficient of the
rest of the term.
Thus, in 5.x, 5 is the coefficient of r: in mn, ºn is the co
efficient of n; in 6abary, 6 is the coefficient of ab.ry, 6a is
the coefficient of bary, and 6ab is the coefficient of ay.
The number which is written over and to the right of
the base is called an exponent, and, if a positive interger
—
indicates the number of times the base is taken as a factor,
A negative exponent indicates the number of times the
base is to be taken as a divisor.
1
Thus, aTö–
5– a}{a}{a}{a}(a.
3. Explain the meaning of (y”)4; 3Vy”.
Ans.—(y”)4=y2×y2Xy2Xy2=y2+2+2+2=y&
Or (y?)4=y+2=ys.
8vyº–3V (3,3)}=ys
4. Factor by inspection: (a) rº–6+?y--12+y^-8y";
(b) 6.r”—r—1.
SoLUTION. -
(a) a 9–6 rºy-H12xy”—8ys=(a-2y)3.

(b) 64.”—r—1=(2x—1) (3++1).
5. Factor: (a) as-bºce; (b) 8c3–6cd—5d?.
Solution.
(a) as-bºcº–(a4+b3c2) (a4–b3c3).
(b) 8c”—6cd—5d?=(4c—5d) (2C-H d).
(a) aºr—3ax” (b) (a+b)?—cº
aë—ar? (c—a)2—b?
Solution.
(a) aºr—3arº aºr—345
as—a 12 T a2–12
(b) (a+b)+-cº (a+b+c) (a+b-c)
(c—a)?—b? (c-a-Hb) (c.—a—b)
92 Cotſ NTY EXAMINATION QUlstroNs.
(a+b+c) (u-i-b–c)
(a—b–c) (a+b-c)
- a-Hb-He
'º-j
- a—b—c
7. Find the product of:
[...”.
[..
lº
x
SoLUTION.
[** cº–(a–b)2
X|i-ii-I-i
J
1
a”—b2
_ ...]
zù Đg Xi-biz
T
&
-
J
(c-Ha–b) (c—a-i-b) (a+b)(a—b)
X.
c2(a—b)? a—b—c
-
_ _
(b-a-c) (a—b–c)
c2(a—b)2
X.
(a+b)(a—b)
(a—b—c)
(b–a–c) (a+b)
(a–b)
Find the algebraic sum c”
- –––
of
8.
292–23)—H1
y”—y
1.
3)—
SoLUTION.
y_
—
2y”—2y+1 2y”—2y+1-y”
T_
y”—y y—1 y(y—1)

y”—2y+1
(y—1)
3
3-1
y
Solve g-b__ _1
9.
a-Hb
a—b
*—4. +
T
- a-Hb 47
a
SoLUTION.
a—b
--- a-Hb (1)
1
+
+
a—b a-Hb 4.
Transposing (1)
in
z-------III----,
–
a-b___a+b (2)
1
1
Uniting
—z---a-jā
(2)
in
a—b—a—b a-b–a—b (3)
Simplifying *
(3)
in
—2b a”—b” (4)

4’ —2b
STATE OF RANSAS. 93
+–––
Dividing each member of (4) by —2b
(5)
T a a2—b2
Clearing of fractions in (5)
ar=a?—b” (6)
10. A boy engaged to carry thirty glass vessels to a cer
fain place on condition of receiving five cents for every one
he delivered safe, and forfeiting twelve cents for every one
he should break. He received ninety-nine cents. How many
did he break º'
SoLUTION.
Let r= No. of vessels broken.
Then 30—r=No. of vessels delivered safe.
And 124-No. of cents forfeited.
And 5(30—r)=No. of cents earned.
5(30++)—12x=No. of cents received.
But 99-No. of cents received.
Therefore 5 (30—r)—12+=99 (1)
Mul. in (1) 150–54—124–99 (2)
Transposing and uniting in (2) —173–51 (3)
Dividing (3) by —17 3r=3 (4)
Therefore the boy broke three vessels.
GRAMMAR.
1. Outline clearly the method you would employ in the
development of an information lesson with a class of sev
enth-grade pupils.
Ans.—The Invention of the Steam-boat:
By whom made? Date? Name of first steamboat?
Where and how far did it sail? How fast? Who were
on board? What brought the invention about? What has
been the result? Compare transportation then and now.
What effect has the invention had upon inter-continental
traffic? Will the navigation of the air cause any material
change in transportation? Reasons for your belief.
2. Define grammar, parsing, analysis, conjugation.
Ans.—(a) The art, meant to improve the learner's use
of language, and the science which gives to the learner a
comprehension of the structure of the language, and is a
reflective study of that language in its thought-relations.
(b) To give a complete account of a word as it stands
in the sentence, giving its part of speech, class or subdi
vision to which it belongs, all its modifications, and its
relations to other words.
(c) Separating a sentence into its clauses, ascertaining
the various elements of subject, predicate, adjective, ad
94 county ExAMINATION QUESTIONs.
verbial and objective words and phrases, and the relation

of each to each in the phrase or clause.
(d) The orderly arrangement of the voices, modes.
tenses, numbers and persons of a verb.
3. Analyze or diagram the following senience: “One
experience is worth a whole wilderness of warm
thorn of
ing.”
Ans.—A declarative sentence of which “thorn" is the
grammatical subject, modified by “one” a simple adjective.
and “of experience” an adjective phrase of which “of” is
the relation word and “experience” is the base. “is” is
the copula and “worth” is the predicate adjective of
“thorn” after the copula “is.” The remainder of the sen
tence is a complex objective element of which “wilderness”
is the base without a governing word, modified by “a” and
“whole,” two simple adjectives and by the adjective phrase
“of warning,” of which “of” is the relation word and
“warning” is the base.
4. In the above sentence parse (a) worth; (b) wilder
%less. w
Ans.—Worth is a simple adjective, used in the predicate
after “is” and modifies “thorn.”
Wilderness is a noun, common, neuter, 3d person, sin
gular number, objective case, used after the adjective
“worth,” without a governing word.
5. In the following sentence parse the personal pronouns.
º
“But who can tell us who we are?”
Ans.—Us is the objective plural form of the first per
pronoun “I,” and is the objective of the verb “can
tell.
We is the nominative plural form of the first personal
pronoun “I,” and is the subject of the verb “are” in the
.."
sentence “who we are.”

synopsis the verb praise the passive
of
Write
in
6.
voice, indicative mood, third person, singular.

Ans.—Present. He praised.
is
Pres. Perf. He has been praised.

Past. He was praised.
Past Perf. He had been praised.
Future. He will be praised.
Fut. Perf. He will have been praised.
State the syntax the following:
of
the infinitives
in
7.
(a) His mission was enlighten the whole people. (b)

to
This cannot but make the judicious grieve.

Ans.— (a) “To enlighten,” predicate
of
mission after
copula “was.”
STATE OF KANSAS. $95
(b) “(To) grieve,” the attributive part of the double

object, “the judicious (to) grieve.”
8. Discuss the broper use of shall and will as auxilliaries,
Ans.—To express simple futurity, use shall in the first
person and will in the second and third persons.
To express the various ideas of promise, command, ob
ligation, etc., use will in the first person, and shall in the
second and third persons.
9. Define (a) complex sentence; (b) compound sen
tence. Illustrate each by giving an example.
Ans.—(a) A sentence containing an independent clause
and one or more dependent clauses. “He who governs
himself is a hero.”
(b) A sentence containing two or more independent
clauses coordinately connected. “John may hunt and Jane
may fish.”
10. Parse in the following (a) an adjective; (b) an ad
verb; (c) a conjunctions “The prince or chief governor
was elected annually, but only by the nobles.”
Ans.—(a) “Chief” is a simple adjective modifying “gov
ernor.”
(b) “Annually” is an adverb of time modifying “was
elected.”
(c) “Or” is a conjunction connecting “prince” and “gov
ernor.”
GEOGRAPHY,
1. Name and give the general direction of two important
canals in the United States; one in Germanv one in Eng
its
land. What gives each of the canals named importance?

Ans.—(a) “Soo” canal, St. Mary's River, between Lakes
Superior and Huron, Michigan, general direction south
in
greater amount freight

of
east and northwest. Carries

a
-
than any other canal the world.
in
Chicago Drainage Canal, general direction northeast

is
and southwest, connects the Mississippi River, by the way

of the Illinois River across the low divide between the
last named river and Chicago, with Lake Michigan.
(b) Kiel Canal, northeast and southwest, connects the
Baltic and North. Seas, and was constructed give pro
to
Germany's coast and let her warships out

to
to
tection
the high seas without making the long detour
to
the north
around Denmark.
(c) Ship Canal, connecting the great manufacturing city
of Manchester, with the Irish Sea.
2. Compare the Nile and the Mississippi as to general di

rection, sources, mouths, and products in the valleys.
Ans.—The Nile: From south to north; Lake Victoria
on the equator; a delta into the Mediterranean Sea, at
about 31° N. Lat. ; wheat, corn, cotton, sugar cane, rice.
and semi-tropical fruits.
The Mississippi: From north to south and northwest to
southeast; Lake Itasca about 48° N. Lat. (the Missouri
about 43° N. Lat.); a delta into the Gulf of Mexico, at
about 30° N. Lat. ; wheat, corn, cotton, sugar came, rice,
meats, lumber, coal, temperate and semi-tropical fruits.
3. Compare South America and Africa as to mountain
ranges, principal rivers, harbors and climate.
Ans.—South America: The Great Andes along entire
western border, the Guiana Mountains in the north, and
the Brazilian Ranges in the middle east on the Atlantic
Coast; the Orinoco, the Magdalena, and the Amazon which
drain all the northern portion for 25° of Lat. east of the
Andes, the San Francisco and Para Rivers draining the
eastern mountains, and the Plata-Parana System which
drains all between 18° S. Lat. and 30° S. Lat., while
shorter streams such as the Colorado, Negro, Chubut, etc.,
drain the lower extremity; fine harbors are few, those of
Rio de Janeiro, Bahia, Para, and Buenos Aires being the
best; little difference between winter and summer temper
atures, most of lowlands always hot, the elevated Andes
plateaus are always temperate, and the higher summits of
this chain always cold; there is a narrow central belt in
which the temperatures differ, but even here the winters
are seldom cold enough to form ice; wet and dry are the
most plainly marked, and these are determined by the equa
torial rain-belt.
Africa: Southeastern Africa is a continuous plateau ex
tending from about 15° N. Lat. (the Red Sea) to the At
lantic Ocean, 10° S. Lat. ; from this plateau highlands ex
tend to the northwest, one along the Red Sea Coast, one
through the center of the continent, and the third along the
Atlantic Coast; in the extreme northwest, the Atlas and
the highlands and mountains of Morocco and Algiers.
The great rivers of Africa are the Nile, Niger, Kongo,
Zambezi and Orange; the Nile drains northeastern Africa
from the equator to the Mediterranean, the Niger drains
western Africa from 20° W. Long. to 20° E. Long. and
from 18° N. Lat. to 40° N. Lat., the Kongo drains central
and western Africa 40° N. Lat. to 11° S. Lat., and from
12° E. Long. to 30° E. Long., the Zambezi drains the strip
STATE OF RANSAS. 97
from 11° S. Lat., 21° S. Lat. almost across the continent

from ocean to ocean, the Orange drains the continent south
of the Tropic of Capricorn; Africa has even fewer good
harbors than has South America, the most important of
which are artificial at either extremity of the Suez Canal;
the northern portion has temperate winters and hot sum
mers (July), the southern portion has temperate winters
and hot summers (January), while the central portion
from 11° S. Lat. to the Tropic of Cancer is always hot.
4. What use do you make in your classes of railroad
folders, sand, papier-mache, photographic or stereoscopic
z'iews?
Ans.—Not much of the first, since they magnify the line
and cities of the particular lines for which they are pre
pared and minify or omit entirely, all other except con
necting lines and cities off their lines. The other appli
ances are used freely to show formations and proportions
of land and water, relief features, fauna, flora, commerce,
industries, ciothing, manners, customs, etc.
5. What causes mede Massachusetts and Rhode Island
great manufacturing states?
Ans.—Abundance of water power, seaports, soil unfitted
for agriculture, and too poor to support their teeming pop
ulations.
6. How will the Panama Canal increase the commerce of
the United States with other countries?
Ans.—By decreasing the length of sea-voyage and con
sequent expense between the Atlantic and Pacific ports
of both North America and South America; for the same
reasons between the Atlantic ports of both continents and
Japan, India, China, and the Philippines; for the same rea
sons between the Atlantic ports of Europe and the far East,
7. Name five of the largest cities of Kansas, tell where
each is situated, and name an important industry in each.
Ans.— (a) Kansas City, Kansas; on the state line be
tween Kansas and Missouri, at the mouth of the Kansas
River; packing houses.
(b) Wichita; in the second tier of counties from the
south line of the state and about $4 the distance across the
state west of the east line: packing house.
(c) Topeka; on the Kansas River; in the northeast
quarter of the state, 67 miles west of the east state line;
R. R. car shops.
(d) Leavenworth ; on the Missouri in the northeast part
of the state; wholesale groceries and supply houses.
(e) Pittsburg; in the southeast part of the state near
the Missouri state line in the second county north of the

northern boundary of Oklahoma; mining industries.
(This order is that given in Vol. 27, No. 108, Page 4, Re
port of Kansas State Board of Agriculture, for quarter
ending December, 1908.)
8. How would you teach the meaning of the terms river,
mountain, erosion?
Ans.—By the use of the sand-box, by visits to neighbor
ing steams, creeks, hills; by pictures, papier-mache, pho
tographs, and stereoscopic views; by reading descriptions
from other books; by listening to descriptions from the
children who had observed the various phenomena
spoken of.
9. What parts of Africa are dependencies of European
nations?
Ans.—Germany—Has dependencies in the southwest,
east, and west, named respectively German Southwest
Africa, German East Africa, the Kamerun State and To
goland.
Great Britain—Has Cape Colony, Orange River Colony.
Vaal River Colony, Rhodesia, all in southern Africa; Sen
egal, Sierra Leone, Ashanti Land (Gold Coast), Nigeria,
and the Guinea Coast; Walfisch Bay on the Atlantic Coast
near Tropic of Capricorn; North Somaliland on Indian
Ocean Coast, British East Africa, British Soudan, Nubia,
Kordofan and is the real ruler of Egypt.
France—Dahomey, French Soudan, French Guinea, Al
giers, Tunis, French Kongo, Obok, and the Island of Mad
agascar.
Italy—Eritrea and Coast Somaliland.
Portugal—Mozambique and Lourenco Marquez on the
Indian Coast and Angola on Atlantic Coast.
Spain—Strip of coast north of Cape Blanco. The only
free states in Africa are Liberia, Kongo State, Abyssinia,
West Somaliland, Tripoli and Morocco.
10. Give three conditions that modify climate.
Ans.—Ocean currents, air currents, altitude, latitude,
land masses, water masses.

1. State five reasons that justify the study of United
States history in our common schools.
Ans.—(a) Necessity that each child shall know how,
intelligently, to exercise the duty of citizenship.
(b) Policy that he should be acquainted with the ten
dency of thought upon economical and financial questions.
STATE OF KANSAS. 99
(c) Pride in defending and justifying his country in its

dealings with other nations.
(d) Richness of knowledge that will make him a valu
able member of society.
(e) Quicken, inflame, and consume him with love of a
country, which guarantees republican government, protec
tion, and education to him.
All of these reasons go to make up a high ideal of char
acter and manhood, that of a patriot.
2. State five results that should be secured from the
study of history in the intermediate grades.
Ans.— (a) Clear knowledge of the principal discoveries
and settlements, and of the character of, motives of, and
results achieved by the men who made them.
(b) An insight into the troubles in England and France
in the 17th and 18th centuries that gave rise to the various-
colonies and their conflicts in America.
(c) An understanding of the acts that finally led the col
onies to revolt, and of their conduct of the War of the
Revolution.
(d) The reasons for the formation of the constitution,
a fair knowledge of what it contains, and of the men who
it,
and who kept going, from 1789
to
framed 1800.
it
connected story
of
of
(e) the administration
A
each
president, especially, those great questions upon which
of
we have been divided: Slavery, expansion territorv, of

tariff, internal improvements, national banks, income tax,
etc.
Give the history and purpose
of
of
the line demarka

3.
tion.
Ans.—By papal 1493, was the line which
in
decree made
it
to
separated the lands discovered between Spain and

be
Portugal, two Catholic countries. The line thus marked

was not satisfactory, and 1494 the two countries by
in
treaty placed the Cape Verde

of
at
370 leagues west

it
Islands, which crossed Brazil east of the mouth of the

Spain was have all lands west, and Portugal
to
Amazon.
this line. France, England, and Holland dis
of
all east
puted the right apportion the new world, and
to
of
Rome
no
two centuries, attention was paid

of
to
the course
in
the line by any country.

the Spanish armada affect the
of
How did the defeat

4.
settlement and future history

of
the United States?

English instead Spanish; Protestant
of
Ans.—Made
it
instead of Catholic.
100 County ExAMINATION QUESTIONS.
State the causes and results of the French and Indian

wºar.
Ans.—Cause—The dispute between England and France
as to the ownership of the Great Lake, Ohio Valley anºt
Mississippi Valley countries. England attempted to settle
it with homebuilders, France tried to take military pos
session of
it.
Result—France lost all her possessions America ex
in
i: fishing stations off Newfound
as
two small islands
and.
Spain—For helping France, got New Orleans and all the
territory the Mississippi Rver.
of
west
all the land contended for and Flor
Fººd-Received
1da, also.
State definitely the history the movement that re
of
6.
the calling
of
sulted the constitutional convention.
in
Ans.—The Legislatures Connecticut, Maryland, and
of
Virginia passed resolutions asking all the colonies
to
meet
Annapolis, Sept. 11, 1786. The
in
Trade Convention
at
a
York, Jersey, Pennsyl

of
delegates five states (New New

vania, Delaware, and Virginia) met, and proposed another
following February, Congress ratified
In
convention. the
their proposal and called for Phil
to
convention
in
a meet
adelphia May, 1787, “to revise the articles Confed
of
in
eration.” All the states, except Rhode Island and New

by
Hampshire, met delegates the latter part May, 1787.
of
in
Give an outline of Hamilton's financial plan.

7.
Ans.— (a) Pay the foreign debt and interest due thereon.
(b) Pay all debts from government
to
its citizens. by
(c) Assume all state debts incurred the individual
states during the Revolution.
history
of
of
Give brief account the the Louisiana

8.
purchase.
Ans.—Spain ceded Louisiana Napo–
to
France
in
1800.
leon needed money, and, although he had promised Spain
he world not sell the territory, he offered the option
of
Mr. Livingstone, the minister
to
to
France from the

it
United States. Mr. Livingstone communicated with Pres

ident Jefferson, who sent James Monroe special envoy
to
as
close the negotiation. Livingstone made the purchase for

$15,000,000, the United States further agreeing
to
pay all
debts due American citizens from France.
State briefly the plan proposed for reconstruction
at
9.
the close the Civil War by (a) Lincoln; (b) Johnson.

º
Ans.— (a) Lincoln:

Amnesty leading men.
of
all but specified classes

to
1.
STATE OF KANSAS. 101
2. Reconstruct state governments when one-tenth of the

voters of 1860, qualified by state laws “excluding all
others,” should take the prescribed oath.
3. If such state government should be republican in form
it should have the benefits of the guaranty clause of the
constitution.
4. States should be treated as reconstructed which had
always maintained loyal state governments.
5. The admission of Senators and Representatives to
National Congress was a matter to be determined by each
of the two Houses for itself. Briefly Lincoln's theorv was:
cessation of resistance, appointment of a provisional gov
ernor, the taking of the amnesty oath by at least one-tenth
of white voters, and the formation of a republican state
government.
(b) Johnson:
Identical with the above, except that he added the re
quirement, which seems to have been Lincoln's thought
also, that the reconstructed state's Legislature should rat
ify the 13th Amendment.
10. Discuss the presidential succession act as to (a) its
needs; (b) its provisions.
Ans.—(a) Under the old rule if the President and Vice
President were disabled the President pro tempore of the
Senate, and in case there were none such, the Speaker of
the House of Representatives would act until a President
could be elected. In 1881, Arthur was the only person
upon whom the people had exercised a direct choice. Had
anything happened to him we would have been thrown into
a condition of chaos. The new law makes it almost im
possible for a vacancy to occur in the presidential office,
thus insuring order and stability.
(b) In 1886, Congress regulated the Presidential Suc
cession by providing: That the members of the Cab
inet shall succeed in case of the disability of President and
Vice President in the following order, respectively: Sec
retary of State, Secretary of the Treasury, Secretary of
War, Attorney General, Postmaster General, Secretary of
the Navy, and the Secretary of the Interior. -
GENERAL HISTORY.
1. Describe briefly
the Puritan revolution in England.
Ans.—The Puritans were a religious faction, demanding
a purer form of worship, than existed in the Anglican
Church. They made Elizabeth almost as much trouble as
did the Romanists. During the reign of James I, they
made themselves the party of popular rights in the par

liament. During the struggle with Charles I from 1625
to 1642 they formed the main body of the Roundheads. In
the open warfare waged with Charles from 1642 to 1649,
the Puritans split into two factions of Presbyterians and
Independents, the former desiring the establishment of a
limited monarchy, the latter seeking for the foundation
of a republic. The latter prevailed, “remodeled” the army,
amidst continued and continuous religious enthusiasm de
feated the King's forces, “purged” parliament of all save
Independents, executed Charles, established the Common
wealth with Oliver Cromwell as Lord Protector, subdued
Scotland and Ireland, made England a great power in
European affairs, sustained itself for a few months after
the death of Oliver Cromwell in 1659 under the incom
petent Richard Cromwell, and disappeared as the domi
nant power in the Restoration of Charles in 1660.
2. What were the weaknesses of the government of the
Bourbons in France and the Stuarts in England *
Ans.—Selfishness, oppressive tyranny, belief in Divine
ordination of King, extravagance, suppression of popular
government.
3. Trace briefly the rise of Prussia from the days of
Frederick the Great to the German Empire of today.
Ans.—Frederick made Prussia the greatest German
State, and a first class power in Europe. The struggle for
superiority between Austria and Prussia as the head of the
German States began. In 1815, Austria was the nominal,
Prussia the real head. In 1830, revolutions in several of
the smaller states secured liberal constitutions for them.
Then sprang up the Customs Union which secured free
trade amongst the units of the German States. In 1848,
the popular revolutions secured liberal constitutions for
almost all the states. At the same time Austria was af
fected with insurrections, and Prussia seized the oppor
tunity to place herself at the head of the German Union,
a confederation of Northern Germany States. In 1866, the
question of control gave rise to war, Austria being sup
ported by almost all the minor states, while Prussia dis
tracted the Austrian forces by an alliance with Italy. At
the Treaty of Prague, Austria was forever barred from
German affairs, and Prussia became the head of a still
stronger North German Union. In 1870, the Franco-Prus
sian War enlisted the patriotism of Southern Germany
in Prussia's behalf and almost all the Southern States
united with the Union to form the German Confederation.
STATE OF RANSAS. 103
While the siege of Paris was in progress, the King of

Bavaria suggested that President William and the Con
federation be replaced by hereditary Emperor William and
the German Empire. This became an accomplished fact,
January 18, 1871, in Versailles palace, and Germany be
came a constitutional empire.
4. Who were the Huguenots? Describe briefly their re
lation to the government under which they lived.
Ans.— (a) Professors of the reformed creed who lived
in France during the Wars of the Reformation,
(b) They formed a political as well as a religious party
and engaged in religious warfare with the Catholic party
from 1562 to 1628. They secured the throne in the per
son of Henry IV in 1589, who turned Catholic but gave
them freedom of religion by the Edict of Nantes in 1598.
They were shorn of all political power in 1628. In 1885,
Louis XIV revoked the edict, and outlawed the Hugue
nots who formed one of the best elements in the settle
ment of America.
5. What historic events do these names suggest to you:
Gustavus Adolphus, Peter the Great, John Hampden, Louis
MVI, Bastile?
Ans.— (a) The Swedish period of the Thirty Years' War,
and the battle of Lutzen. -
(b) The making of Russia a great European power.
(c) The imposition of the ship-money tax by Charles I.
(d) The summoning of the States-General, May 5, 1789.
(e) The beginning of the French Revolution.
6. Why did not the first French Republic endure?
Ans.—Because of its extreme excesses, which led all the
states of Europe to form a coalition against and di
it,
vided the French people themselves.

Why have the comparatively small countries Den
7.
mark, Holland, Belgium and Switzerland not been absorbed

by the powerful states their neighborhood?
in
their peculiar positions they have from

of
Ans.—Because
time been necessary makeweights adjusting the
to
time
in
Power, which another way expressing the

of
of
Balance
is
conflicting rivalries and jealousies the larger states.

of
What significant signs are there today that absolute

8.
government coming an end refe?

in
to
is
E
iſ
Ans.—The establishment of constitutional monarchies

in
Russia and Turkey, and the calling representative Legis

of
lative bodies every European State,

in
What use would you make maps teaching gen

of
9.
in
eral history?
Ans.—The most liberal. To show physical conditions.

harbors, coasts, relative positions of states, water and land
communications, cities, climates, sea and air currents, etc.
10. What was the Holy Alliance?
Ans.—A league of European States, the chief of which
were Russia, Austria, and Prussia, organized at the down
td.
fall of Napoleon by Alexander I of Russia, ostensibly
reduce politics practice the teachings Christ, but
to
of
of
a
really maintain absolute principles government op
of
to
in
position
of
to
the liberal tendencies the age.
KANSAS HISTORY.
Give the general trail
of
direction Santa Fe
1.
the
through the state.
west from Westport
of
Ans.—A little south
to
Council
Grove; still farther south of west
to
the Great Bend of the
to
Arkansas; west (one branch) up the Arkansas River
Colorado; southwest (the other branch) from the Cimar
ron Crossing
of
to
the Arkansas the Cimarron River and
New Mexico.
Why was Fort Leavenworth established? Fort Riley
2.
f
of
Ans.— (a) the presence the Indians Fort
of
Because
Cantonment, Leavenworth
as
Leavenworth was established
protection
as
1827, the frontier.

in
to
(b) Partly for the same reason, and partly
to
as
serve
a
frontier post and protect emigrant trains passing through
to
the state.
by
What “bogus legislature” and “bogus

3.
is
meant
aws?”
l
Ans.— (a) The fraudulently elected pro-slavery legis

March 30, 1853, which held four days' session
of
lature
a
Pawnee, beginning July 1853, and theſi adjourned

at
to to
2,
“Shawnee Manual Labor School,” where proceeded

it
memorialize Congress remove Governor Reeder, and

to
passed the “bogus laws.”

(b) The adoption the Missouri Statutes with the ad
of
cruel, ferocious slave

of
or
of
dition thereto series “black

a
laws” and disqualifying anti-slavery men from holding of

fice, all passed by the “bogus legislature.”
§."
the following-named
of
of
Give brief sketch

4.
each
a
Noble Prentis, James H. Canfield, H.

F.
L.
11070.
Ans.— (a) Kansas editor, literary writer, wit and hu
A
morist who did his best work upon Topeka, Atchison and
Kansas City papers, wrote “A Kansan Abroad,” “The
World a School,” “A History of Kansas,” and many les

tures and addresses. -
(b) A distinguished educator and writer, who began

life as a lawyer in Michigan; turned to teaching; in 1877
he began a 14 years' instruction in the University of Kan
sas, being successively Professor of History and English
Language and Literature, Professor of History and Politi
cal Science, Professor of American History and Civics;
in 1886 he was chosen secretary of the National Educa
tional Association and served as such by reelections until
1889, when he became its president; in 1891 he became
Chancellor of Nebraska State University, leaving it in 1895
to become President of Ohio State University, where he
remained until 1899; in 1899 he became librarian of Col.
umbia University, and was serving as such when he died.
March 29, 1909. He wrote “Taxation, a Plain Talk for
Plain People,” “History of Kansas,” “Local Government
in Kansas,” and many monographs and addresses of great
merit.
(c) A noted educator and scientist, who was connected
with the Kansas State University from 1866 to 1908. His
special field was entomology, and his researches in the
destruction of noxious and harmful insects led to the
practical annihilation of the chinch bug by the spread of an
infectious disease, the germs of which were prepared and
furnished by and used under the direction of Prof. Snow.
From 1890 to 1901 he was Chancellor of the University.
5. Name and give the purpose of three important acts
passed under the administration of Gov. E. W. Hoch.
Ans.— (a) The Negotiable-Investments Law, to simplify
the law of merchant paper, and unify it as far as possible
with the laws of the other states of the Union possessing
similar statutes.
(b) The State Board of Control Law, to place all char
iable institutions under the management of three trustees
with offices at Topeka.
(c) The Direct Primary Election Law, to give the right
of party nominations of all officers directly to the people
composing the party.
6. How would you teach the current history of Kansas;’
Ans.—By making it a part of general exercises, discuss
ing the important news of the day in those daily reviews.
7. What is meant in Kansas history by each of the fol
lºg
1874 :
terms: The exodus, the boom, the calamity of
Ans.— (a) The large number of colored people who left

the South in the late 70's and settled in Kansas, constituted

the movement known as the “exodus.”
(b) Refers to the period of the middle 80's when values
were inflated, great cities sprang up on paper, and men
became Croesuses in a day.
(c) The combined misfortunes of grasshoppers and a
drought, following the depression occasioned by the panic of
1873.
8. Describe several of the methods you use to make Kan
sas history interesting in your classes.
Ans.—Use it as a part of general exercises. Call at
tention to the connection between current events and those
things which have become history.
Read selections from literature produced by Kansans,
and encourage the preparation of talks and essays by way
of biographical sketches upon noted Kansans.
Celebrate Kansas Day with a special Kansas programme.
Have talks about local landmarks connected with history,
by participants in that history if possible.
READING.
1. Discuss the following topics: (a) Encouragement vs.
criticism; (b) how to deal with mispronounced words. . .
Ans.— (a) Encouragement will spur on to better work
and harder trial, while criticism may freeze and blast ef
fort. The teacher does well who unites the two, and keeps
the pupil cheerfully and courageously struggling toward
the goal of the best there is in him.
(b) Go over the word mispronounced after the correct
sounds, syllabication, and accents have been noted and ob
tained, until the learner becomes perfect therein
- by habit
as well as by analysis.
2. What aid should the teacher give in assisting pupils
to grasp the thought?
Ans.—Lead them to express it in their own words. If
they can not do this, talk the thought over with them in
her own words until she is satisfied that they understand.
Then have them tell it in words of their choosing.
3. Outline your plan of conducting a recitation in the
Second Reader.
Ans.—First, have pupils tell what the thought of the se
lection is in their own words.
Second, have pupils read the selection, paying special
attention to the expression and thought of the selection.
Third, spell and tell the meaning of the new words, and
refresh their memories as to the old ones.
Fourth, talk about tomorrow's lesson, pointing out new

words, and talking about what it means. Teacher will find
that she can use the chart and objects to good advantage
in all phases of the work in the second grade.
4. Indicate the emphasis and grouping of the following
selection:
“When the battle had ended a soldier came to Willie and
bent over him, and said tenderly, ‘Willie, my boy, I’ve
brought you some water.”
“At these words Willie opened his eyes. , Water? O, how
good the very thought was to the thirsty boy!
Putting up a weak, white little hand, Willie gently,
pushed the cup from him and said, ‘No, I can wait. Give
the water to Jack.’ -
“Willie's head sank back on the soldier’s arm; but after
a moment he spoke again : “Jack needs the water more
than I. Jack carried the flag. I only carried a drum.’”
given in developing the following portion of a lesson from
the Third Reader:
THE ARROW AND THE SONG.
I shot an arrow into the air,
It fell to earth, I knew not where;
For so swiftly it flew, the sight
Could not follow it in its flight.
I breathed a song into the air,
It fell to the earth, I knew not where;
For who has sight so keen and strong
That it can follow the flight of a song?
Long, long afterward, in an oak,
I found the arrow, still unbroke;
And the song, from beginning to end,
I found again in the heart of a friend.
—Henry W. Longfellow.
Ans.—1. Describe a bow and - arrow. Does an arrow
go very far and fast?
2. Is it an easy thing to shoot an arrow into the air and
lose it so that you have to hunt for it a long time?
*Shot:where
does Longfellow say he found the arrow he
4. Was it very long after he shot it until he found it?

How do you know? -
5. Was the arrow whole when he found it?
6. Why does he speak of it as he does? Was there any
reason he would expect to find it broken?
7. Is an oak hard or soft?

8. If the eye can not see a song's flight, how does man
know of its flight? -
9. Did Longfellow mean the song had pierced his friend's
heart, as the arrow had the oak” -
ORTHOGRAPHY.
by the examiner:
arrogant deceive
stampede accommodate
convalescent obelisk
routine serenade
intercede convoy
cipher extinguish -
amethyst deficit :
meander critique
fevenue oscillate -
secede gradation
cedilla beneficence
heinous rhythm
equator
Ams.—[For the applicant. See dictionary.]
6. Give three rules in spelling.
Ans.—(a) In monosyllables ending in f, l, or s, the final
letter is doubled when preceded by a single vowel, as all,
staff.
(b) Silent final e is dropped when suffixes beginning
with a vowel are added, as save, saving.
(c) A termination added to a word which ends in y
preceded by a consonant changes that y to i, as try, trial,
and dry, dried.
7. Indicate the pronunciation of the following: Naught,
vicar, squalor, favorite, halibut.
Ans.—[For the applicant. See dictionary.]
8. What are (a) homonyms, (b) antonyms, (c) syn
onyms? Illustrate each.
Ans.—(a) Words having the same sound but different
meanings, as nose (a part of the face), knows (verb, does
know).
(b) Words having opposite meanings, as virtue, vice.
(c) Words having one general meaning in common, but –
differing in specific meaning, as teachable, docile. “The boy
is teachable.” “The boy's dog is docile.”
9. Give and define five suffixes. Illustrate each.
Ans.—Able—that may or can be, teachable, that which

may or can be taught.
Less—without, faithless, without faith.
Er—the person who, teacher, the person who teaches.
Ly—like, womanly, like a woman.
Ory—having the quality of, migratory, having the qual
ity of migrating.
10. What are the uses of the dictionary?
Ans.—To furnish the correct history, etymology, mean
ing, use (shade of meaning), spelling, pronunciation of the
words of a language.
PENMANSHIP.
1. Write a brief outline of the work you would require
for the first year.
Ans.—During the first year, the object should be to se
cure a correct position of the body, hand, and arm and to
gain an idea of the forms of letters.
2. When should pupils begin to use pen and ink?
Ans.—Second year, but pupils should be taught the use
of the pencil the first year in school.
3. Describe the position a child should assume when
writing.
Ans—Body erect, both feet resting on the floor. The
holder should rest against forepart of middle finger, held
in position by thumb and index finger. The holder should
pass in front of last joint of the forefinger and point over
the right shoulder. The hand should rest on the fore part
of the little finger and palm turned downward.
4. How may tight gripping of the penholder be pre
vented £
Ans.—The gripping of the penholder may be overcome
by sufficient drill on movement exercises before attempt
ing to make the letters.
5. When should the writing exercises be given, and how
long each day should be devoted to this work f
Ans.—The penmanship class should recite early in the
day, but not immediately after intermission as it is hardly
possible to control the muscles directly after taking vio
lent exercise. In order to secure the best results, the pu
pil's attention must be centered upon the exercises they are
making and this concentration of mind is more easly ob.
tained early in the day.

1. Give four directions for cultivating perception.
110 county ExAMINATION QUESTIONS.
Ans.— (a) Substitute for abstractions, general rules, and

lessons learned by heart, sense-intuitions or concrete per
ceptions.
(b) Regulate, control and amplify sense-intuitions by
object lessons, especially in the case of beginners.
(c) Utilize all the studies of the school in furnishing
facilities for educating the senses, but especially resort to
drawing and Inanual exercises as the most valuable aids.
(d) Observe the development of the intellectual faculties
attention and observation, which are after all simply at
tention directed to external things.
2. What is the relation between comprehending and mem
orizing?
Ans.—That between the human and the parrot; between
understanding and reasoning on the one hand, and ma
chine work and rote work on the other.
3. Illustrate the three steps in learning—comprehension.
memorizing, expression.
Ans.—In their best and relative sense:
Comprehension means the understanding, the appropria
tion and the making of a thought part of one's self.
Memorizing means the fixing and retaining of the form
in which that thought has been couched and preserved by
another.
Expression is communicating the matter to others in a
clear, forceful manner, so as to carry understanding and
conviction to the mind of those others.
4. What’s the chief aim of primary reading?
Ans.—To acquire a vocabulary, to enlist the attention, to
encourage thought, and to develop the power of express
ing thought.
5. What is meant by the “actual realities” of the school
-
subjects?
Ans.—That of which the branch treats is the “actual
reality” of any school branch or subject. Word forms as
they appear in sentences and selections are the actual real
ity of primary reading. To these word forms, advanced
reading adds the processes of expressive utterance; words
are the actual realities of spelling; the child's written and
spoken language of language lessons and grammar ; pro
ductions of authors of literature; numbers and operations
with numbers, of arithmetic; the human body, of physiol
Ogy, etc.
6. Outline a plan of teaching reading for the first week
in the subject.
Ans.—Use the chart and the blackboard in showing first
the picture of the object, and also use the object itself, if
possible, to get a percept of the object; then print the
word, using cards or chart in this work, and associate the
printed word with the picture or the object. Continue this
until perfect familiarity and association of the two is se
cured. Then, never failing to review each word already
learned, introduce not more than one or two new words.
So proceed from day to day building a vocabulary of words
representing objects thoroughly understood, and drilling
upon the words already mastered. -
7. Discuss and illustrate clearness as an aim in language
lessons.
Ans.—Without clearness a subject can not be thoroughly
understood, and the converse is true, given clearness and
understanding must be predicated. In language which is
the medium of thought conveyance the fundamental re
quirement is clearness. Thought reacts upon expression
and expression upon thought. The clearer the expression
the clearer the thought. Want of clearness arises either
from obscure thinking or from careless utterance. The lat
ter comes within the scope of the language lesson, and is
illustrated by the oft-quoted “All men who were there were
not interested.” Interpret these words as they stand and
you yould say, “He declares that all the men present at a
certain place were not interested.” Now, as a matter of
course he intended to say, “Not all the men who were
there were interested,” or that “Some of the men who were
there were not interested.”
8. What events transpiring about the pupils may be used
fo direct their attention to the actual reality of history?
Ans.—The building of permanent bridges, the opening of
a railroad, the construction of a dam, the installation of a
raev schoolhouse, the rise in the price of wheat, change of
Drices due to a new tariff law, etc.
9- Distinguish between the aim of introductory geography
a 21 d that of systematic geography?
24 ns.— (a) }. study of real things in the material
Yºyºrld about us; the examination and knowledge of single
- things which are to serve as the basis on which definitions
arid generalizations are to be framed.
C 5) The study of the earth (surface), and not a limited
TP Crition of
it,
of
and the earth's inhabitants.

iO. How can the transition be made from addition
to
***** Altiplication?
*frus-By showing with small numbers that multiplica
tion
-
but an abbreviated form of addition

is
which the
in
several addends are the same number, thus 2×3 is the same
as 2+2+2, etc.
PHYSIOLOGY.
1. Name the four sensations of taste.
.4ns.—Sweet, bitter, salt, and acid.
2. Make an indered drawing of the eye.
3. Give four impo, tunt functions of the liver.
Ans.—Digestive; formation, storage, and transmission
of glycogen; excretive; circulatory.
4. State how to stop bleeding from a sc, ious wound.
Ans.—(a) If from an artery, apply compression between
the wound and heart. Place a pad between the wound and
heart, tie a handkerchief or other cloth tightly over whe
pad, insert a stick beneath the handkerchief and twist it
so as to press the pad tightly against the limb or other
part, and thus control the bleeding.
(b) If from c vein, apply the compression between the
wound and extre, mity.
5. What danger to our health comes from the common
house-fly? The mosquitof
Ans.— (a) They carry the germs upon their feet and
bodies from polluted, infectious, decaying matter, upon
which they have alighted, to human family.
(b) Insert the bacteria of malaria, etc., into the system
by incision and injection into the “bite.”
6. What is the aim in the study of physiology? How
would emphasis on anatomy defeat that aim f
Ans.— (a) To become acquainted with the propert’es,
uses, functions and actions of the various parts of the hu
man body.
(b) It is simply a study of the structure and form of
Athose various parts and their relation to each other. We
might know anatomy thoroughly, the outlines of the ma
chine, and yet know nothing of the uses and functions of
the parts, and be unable to suggest what needs regulation,
nutrition, etc.
7. Name the parts of the brain, and give in general the
-
work of each part.
Ans.—Cerebrum. Seat of intelligence, the will, the emo
tions, sensation, and voluntary motion.
Cerebellum. Its chief office is to regulate and coordinate
muscular movement.
Medulla oblongata. Regulates the blood-vessels and the
circulation of the food, and the involuntary movements,
*.
-
breath, swallowing, secretion of saliva, and many others.

Pons varolii. Is the bridge between the cerebrum and
cerebellum above and the Medulla oblongata below. It is
the center of perception for the sensation of touch.
8. What is the effect of alcohol upon the skin? Upon
the muscles?
Ans.—(a) Taken internally, a considerable quantity par
alyzes the nerve extremities and dulls the sense of touch.
Produces gorged capillaries, reduces warmth.
(b) Robs them of nerve stimulation; causes fatty degen
eration, and produces speedy exhaustion.
9. What is the effect of overwork upon a muscle?
Ans.—Impairs its contractile power, which is an evidence
of reduced or destroyed energy.
10. How does the use of tobacco affect digestion?
Ans.—Exhausts the salivary glands of their secretion,
producing dryness or thirst, or renders the saliva unfit to
do its work, thus leaving the starchy foods undigested,
Excessive use produces a morbid driveling of a depraved
and acrid secretion from the salivary glands of the mouth.
The nicotine is absorbed by the mucous membrane of the
mouth, stomach, etc., and enters the blood, producing
nausea and prostration. Also produces loss of tone in the
stomach, failure of appetite, indigestion and constipation.

1. Compare briefly a written with an unwritten constitu
tion as to elements of weakness and strength.
Ans.—The former is more rigid, less flexible, restrictive
and binding in operation.
The latter is more elastic and equitable but less accurate,
and is not so plain nor understandable to the lay mind,
often requiring a wide and profound knowledge of history,
laws, proclamations, decisions and precedents to know just
what the fundamental law is.
2. What does the constitution declare to be the supreme
law of the land?
Ans.—“This constitution, and the laws of the United
States which shall be made in pursuance thereof, and all
treaties made, or which shall be made, under the authority
of the United States, shall be the supreme law of the land.”
—Clause 2, Article 6, Constitution U. S.
3. Name at least three things that Congress is prohibited
from doing.
Ans.—Pass no bill of attainder or ea post facto law.
f Grant no title of nobility.
114 CouxTY EXAMINATION QUESTIONS.
Lay no tax or duty on articles exported from any state.

4. Name three things that a state is prohibited from:
doing.
Ans.—Enter into no treaty, alliance, or confederation.
Coin no money.
Pass no bill of attainder or ea post facto law.
5. What power has the president in the making of treat
ies with other nations?
Ans.—“He shall have power, by and with the advice and
consent of the Senate, to make treaties, provided two-thirds
of the Senators present concur.”—Clause 2, Art. 2, Con
stitution U. S.
6. Of the four ways by which the constitution may be
amended, which way was used in adopting the thirteenth,
fourteenth and fifteenth amendments?
Ans.—The adoption or ratification by the legislatures of
three-fourths of the several states. Such of the states as
had not complied with the plan of Congressional recon
struction were required to ratify before they were read
mitted to full statehood. The number thus necessary varied
in each case as the three amendments were adopted at
different times.
7. What is the United States required to guarantee to
every state?
Ans.—A republican form of government.
8. How would you explain to a class the difference be
tween a constitution and the laws enacted by Congress?
Ans.—The constitution is the law made by all the peo
ple, which itself creates the legislature and says what it
must be made under the rule showing what the legislature
may do, or it is of no force at all, is no law.
9. Give the number, term and pay (a) of members of
the Kansas House of Representatives; (b) of the Kansas
State Senate.
Ans.— (a) 125. Two years. $3 per day for a limited
number of days, and mileage going to and returning from
-
the Capitol.
(b) 40. Four years. Pay the same as members of
House.
10. Name the United States Senators from Kansas and
the United States Representative from your district.
Ans. (a) Charles Curtis, Joseph L. Bristow.
(b) [For the applicant.] -
$TATE OF KANSAS. 115
* - *" —-
> LITERATURE.
1. State four reasons why classics should be studied in
the common schools.
Ans.—To promote aesthetics; to cultivate the taste fol
the true, the beautiful and the good; to cultivate the imag
ination; to secure vocabulary; to train in facility and
beauty of expression; to strengthen the ideal in thought,
and establish an ideal for character, etc.
2. Discuss the tern classic as applied to literature.
Ans.—“Classic” in literature is a product that has been
recognized by the competent judges of two or more genera
tions as a superior work of art in its particular field, and
is received as such by posterity.
3. Give briefly the historical foundation for the story of
“Evangeline.” º
Ans.—In 1755, the English campaign against Acadia was
successful. During this campaign the incident occurred
upon which Longfellow based “Evangeline.” The Acadians
inhabiting the village of Grand Pré were simple-minded,
ignorant farmers, who could not understand that having
passed from French to English subjects, they could no
longer aid the French. This they did repeatedly, and at
last, urged by what they considered a military necessity,
the English exiled them from their homes, and distributed
them from Massachusetts to Georgia. Many of the exiles
made their way to Louisiana, where their descendants form
a part of the population.
4. Discuss the plot of “Evangeline” as to (a) probabil
ity; (b) originality; (c) strength.
Ans.—(a) Probability: Because it is founded on a his
torical basis; reflects the best and deepest character and
sentiment of a woman's nature, is in accordance with the
unrest and wandering of the time; but some of its inci
dents, such as the culture of the Indians as revealed in
Evangeline's intercourse with them, are improbable.
(b) Originality: In the sense that Longfellow has made
the tale dramatic, and- characters types and not mere “per
sons.”
(c) Strength: Frederic Harrison calls Evangeline
“goody-goody dribble;” but, while it lacks brute strength it
has an abundance of power in dramatic interest, character
work, and beauty of description. Harrison could never
appreciate the power of Longfellow, “which was not the
way of the world,” becatuse he and Whitman were so un
like in their powers.
5. What should the average grade pupil get out of this

poemf
Ans.—An interest in the history of the time; an ac
quaintance with the English hexameter as a vehicle for de
scription and narration; an appreciation of the simple
beauty of a life of plain homely toil and virtue, the whole
someness of its story of affection, and a reverence for the
constancy and endurance of woman's love as exemplified
in the story of “Evangeline.”
6. Which do you like the better, “Rip Van Winkle” or
“The Legend of Sleepy Hollow?” Give definite reason for
your choice.
Ans.— (a) Rip Van Winkle.
(b) It is more compact, telling as much of a story in
half the number of pages. It is far more dramatic, the ac
ready adapta
its
tion is quicker and truer, as is shown by
bility Its wit and humor are more sponta
to
the stage.
neous, do not seem drilling for the effect. Rip seems
be
to
real, lovable person, while Ichabod impresses the
to
be
a
being
as
reader caricature.
a
Tell briefly the plot “Rip Van Winkle,” leaving

of
7.
out all non-essentials.

Ans.—Rip was good-natured, lazy fellow who liked
to
a
loaf about the tavern and hunt squirrels company with
in
his dog Wolf. His wife did all the work, but was not
One day wandered off into the Kaatskill hunting, and
a he
lay down valley Some old Dutchmen, ghosts

to
in
rest.
of the “Half-moon” expedition, came there bowl, and
to
induced Rip partake their liquor. Twenty years
of
to
by
li
he
passed before woke from the sleep caused that

quor. He made his way back the village, found his
to
wife dead, his daughter married, the country republic

a
King George III, and himself

of
dependency
of
instead
a
forgotten. After convincing the villagers that he was real

Rip, made his home with his daughter and her hus
he
ly
band, devoting his time eating, smoking and

to
sleeping,
telling his story sleep.
of
the enchanted
“Westminster Abbey?”
of
What the central theme

8.
is
there an attempt point so, what it?

Is
If
moral?
to
is
a
human fame; the brief

of
Ans.—(a) The emptiness

glory name; the vanity
of
of
man's life and achieve

a
ment; man’s “h :story tale that told, and his very

is
is
a
monument becomes ruin.”

a
(b) Yes.
(c) That that
of
contained “a” this answer.

in
It
is
STATE OF RANSAS. 117
makes its appearance in almost every paragraph, and the

last two paragraphs of the sketch preach the sermon boldly,
PHYSICS.
1. Define and illustrate (a) elasticity; (b) ductility.
Ans.—(a) Exhibited by matter when a continued appli
cation of force is necessary to maintain any change of form
or volume which has been produced by a stress, as bound
ing ball, bow releasing arrow, stretched spiral spring, etc.
(b) Property which permits a body to be drawn out into
wire, as steel, silver and platinum are highly ductile, each
can be drawn into extremely fine threads.
2. Define and exemplify (a) velocity; (b) acceleration.
Ans—(a) Is the distance a moving body will pass over
in the next unit of time, if left wholly to itself. The veloc
ity of a bullet on leaving a gun is the distance it would
pass
(*con jºr
in a second, if nothing disturbed it during that
(b) Is the change of velocity per unit of time. Thus,

ifa body fall freely toward the earth's center, its velocity
will be increased during each successive second of its
descent.
3. What is the effect of stability of (a) raising the center
of the mass; (b) enlarging the base?
Ans.— (a) Diminishes
it.
(b) Increases
it.
the principle that commu

of
Give two illustrations

in
4.
nicating vessels liquids have the same level.

city water-works; fountains; springs;
of
Ans.—A system
spirit-level.
Describe the hydrometer. What its use?
5.
is
Ans—(a) Consists essentially straight stem, either

of
a
wood, glass, bulb near its lower extremity,

or
metal, with
a
weighted that the stem will float liquid

so
which
in
is
vertical position. The stem graduated either

in
in
some
is
a
by
arbitrary manner trial, the zero being placed

or
the
at
point which sinks pure water. By observing the

in
to
it
"epths different liquids the relative

to
which sinks
in
it
weights the liquids can

of
be
determined.
of
(b)
to
determine the degree concentration

Is
used
liquids, such alcohol, acids, milk, etc., and grad
>f
as
is
uated specially for the liquid under inspection.

Describe an experiment
to
illustrate the conduction

6.
of heat.
Ans.—With wax fasten marbles
ofto
rod equal
at
metal
a a
distances apart. Apply spirit lamp

to
the flame one

118 CouxTY EXAMINATION QUESTIONS.
end of the rod. The marbles will fall off in the order of
their respective distances from the flames, as the heat is
conducted along the length of the rod.
7. How may the velocity of sound be determined f
Ans.—Station two persons at a ſong distance apart. Pro
wide each with a good chronometer and a small cannon.
Let each alternately discharge his cannon, rioting and re
cording the interval between the observed flash and the
report of the cannon. An average of a large number of
such observations will show a velocity of 11 18.152 feet per
second in air at a temperature of 16° C. The defect in
this experiment is that the perceptions of sound and light
are not equally quick and vary with different persons.
In 1871, Stone determined the velocity by electric sig
nals between the parties, thus relying upon hearing alone.
By
0 gi.
-
method he found the velocity to be 1090 feet at
8. How can it be shown that the angle of reflection of

light is equal to the angle of incidence?
Ans.—Cut from a board a piece somewhat greater than
a semi-circle, giving it a radius of one foot. Pivot at the
center two arms, one having a candle or small lamp at its
free end, and the other a screen of oiled paper. At the
center of the circle mount a piece of mirror with its re
flecting surface perpendicular to the radius that bisects the
curved edge. Near the candle and between it and the mir
ror (on the candle-arm) mount a convex lens, and between
the ſens and the candle place a stout wire. If the lens and
wire be given suitable relative positions an image or picture
of the wire will be formed across the center of the paper
screen whenever the arms make equal angles with the nor
mal of the mirror.—[Adapted from Carhart & Chute.—ED.]
9. Trace a ray of light from air into water.
Ans.—Erect a perpendicular to the surface of the water
at the point where the ray of light enters the water. The
angle thus made between the ray of light and the perpen
dicular is the angle of incidence. Instead of traveling in
a straight line, after entering the water the incident, ray
will bend toward the perpendicular. This bending will in
crease as the angle of incidence increases, and decrease as
that angle decreases.
10. How may magnets be demagnetized?
Ans.—By violent twisting, vibrating, or heating to a red
h eat.
11. What are (a) insulators; (b) conductors? Give
two examples of each.
Ans.—(a) Bodies offering such great resistance to the

flow of electricity that practically no passage occurs, as
silk, india rubber, air at ordinary pressures, shellac, seal
ing-wax.
(b) Bodies offering very slight resistance to the elec
trical passage, as copper and almost all the metals, -
12. Erplain the process of electroplating.
Ans.—Consists in covering the surface of bodies with
coatings of any metal' by using the electric current. Clean
the surface to be coated so as to remove fatty matter.
Attach the article to be coated to the negative electrode of
a battery, and suspend in an electrolyte (solution of metal
salts through which the current passes)
lic
of
some chem
of
of
to
ical salt the metal be deposited. Attach pieec
a
plating the posi
of
to
deposited
of
the kind
to
metal be
tive electrode, and pass the current through the solution,
The current releases the metal solution, and this metal
in
is
deposited evenly upon the article the negative electrode.
at
The metal the positive electrode maintains the strength
at
thcoating liquid.
of
BOOKKEEPING,
Define bookkeeping, day-book, journal, ledger, liabil
1.
ity, insolvency.
Ans.—Bookkeeping systematic method recording
of
is
a
business transactions.
The day-book original entry.
of
the book
a is
The journal book showing the debits and credits
of
is
each transaction classified for position the ledger,

to
The ledger
of
the book
is is is
accounts.
liability debt which the business owes.
A
Insolvency the condition which exists when the lia

bilities exceed the resources.
5–Journalize, post, take trial-balance, and find
2,
or 3,
4,
loss gain.
Oct. Began business with merchandise, $900,
5 4. 3. 1.
Oct. Borrowed cash on note, $800.

Oct. Sold merchandise on note, $370.
Oct. Sold merchandise Bell on account, $285,
of P.
to
6 5.
Oct. Bought merchandise M. Collins on account,

6.
J.
248.
$
Oct. Paid interest cash, $16.42.

in
8. 7.
Bell on account, $200,

of
Oct. Received cash

P.
Oct. 11. Received cash for interest, $23.68.

Oct. 12. Received cash for note, $370,
Oct. 13. Paid express bill cash, $9.40.
in
Oct. 14. Paid interest due in cash, $3.12.

OCTOBER 1, 1909.
Mdse.......... .. --- - - - - - - - - -- - - -- - - -- -- 90000

Proprietor..... .................... 90000
3 Cash ............................... .... 80060
Hills Pay ......... 800 00
4 | Bills Rec . . . . . ....................... 370 00
Mdse ............... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37000
5 P. Bell.................................. 285 00
Mdse 285 00
6 Se... . . . . . . . . . 248 00
J. M. Co 248 00
7 || Interest .. - 16 42
Cash 16 42
8 || Cash . . . . . . 200 00
P. Bell 20000.
11 | Cash . . . . . . 23 68
Interest 23 68
12 | Cash .......... 37000
Bills Rec ...................... . . . . . 370 00
13 || Expense..... .... 9 40
Cash.............. ................. 9 40
14 | Interest .......... 8 12
Cash ............................... 3 1:2
PROPRIETOR.
--- -
Oct. 15 |Pres. W*th. 951 74 || Oct. | 1 900 00
951 74
1š
Oct.
* Net Gain
T5 Pr. W’t’h (TT95T74

5i 74
95174
MERCHANDISE.
-
Oct. 1 90000 Oct. 4 370
6 24800 5 285 00
-L-
15 || Gaim 57 00 15 |Inventory 550 00
120600
>- -
120500
Oct.
|
15
|avarr, | |
55000
| | | | |
CASH.
Oct. 1 3 80000 || Oct. 7 16 42
8 200 00 13 9 40
11 23 68 14 3 12
12 370 00
BILLS PAYABLE.
|| | | || oct *| | | ºw
BILLS Fr.ECEIVEABLE.
Set L =| |_| row ||oet tº | | **

ow | sl | |*||act | | **
J. M. COLLINS.
| | | | ||oet. “ | | **
INTEREST.
3
A 1.
EXPENSE.
Oct.
|| |_|_942
18.
Set 940 ||rºl loss

|
LOSS AND GAIN.
51 74 15 Interest
||
14
TRIAI, BALANCE.
Proprietor ..... -- - - - - -- - -- - - - - - - 90000

--
Mdse......................... ....|| 114800 65500

||
-- --- - - 139368 28 94
--
Bills Pay.. 800 00

P. Bell........ - 28500 200 00
||
J. M. Collins........................... 248 00
Interest ........ .... --- - 19 54 23 68
Expense................................
---
--
-
.
40
9
285562 285502
||
August 20 and 21, 1909.
ARITHMETIC.
1. What is the test of the divisibility of a number by
(a) 4, (b) 9, (c) 25?
Ans.—(a) If
the number denoted by the last two digits
of a number be divided by 4, the entire number can
can
be exactly divided by 4.
(b) If 9 exactly divides the sum of the digits of a num
ber it also exactly divides the number.
(c) If the number denoted by the last two digits of a
number is divisible by 25 the entire number is divisible
by 25.
2. Earplain by aid of a drawing the addition of 34 and 3%.
-
|| ||
| ||
(2)
The square (1) is divided by the vertical lines into 4

equal parts and by the horizontal lines into 8 equal parts.
The square (2) is divided by the vertical lines into 8 equal
parts and by the horizontal lines into 4 equal parts. In
cither figure the two sets of parallel lines divide the square
into 32 equal parts.
By (1) 44–2%2. By (2).3%=1%2
Therefore 44-H.3%–2%2+1%2=
8%2=1%.
3. The increase in population of a town in one year was
516, which was six per cent of the population at the begin
ning of the year. What was that population?
oLUT:ON.—Given: Percentage=516, rate=.06.
To find the base:
Rate:Xbase=percentage.
STATE OF KANSAS 123
J6Xbase=516.
base=516––.06
–8600.
Therefore the population at the beginning of the year was
8600.
4. Show that multiplication may be considered a kind of
measurement—the multiplicand being the measure or stand
ard, the multiplier the times used, the produce the distance
to be measured.
Ans.—At 50c a day how many dollars does a boy earn
in 5 days? This problem may be solved in two ways. We
may say that he earned the sum of 50c-H50c-H50c-H50c-i-50c,
which is $2.50.
Or, we may say he earned 5 times 50c, or $2.50. By
either process we measure the result, $2.50, by 50c, the 50c
is the standard of measure for 250 cents, just as we say
that the yard is the unit or standard of measure for a cer
tain distance, 300 yards.
5. Make a scale drawing of a school-ground 25 rods by
32 rods, and subdivide it into playgrounds suitable for the
games
ſ
a school of about fifty pupils. Insert the dimen
sions of each subdivision.
Ans.—
32 x 2
Baseball and Football

28x10
CR &
M 32 x 2 M
§ §
Flower
Girls? **** Boys'
Playground Playground
10 x 9 10 x 9
[ ]
32 x 2.
in.
The scale is
to
%6 rd.
1
designed that the strip two rods wide around the

It
is
124 County EXAMINATION QUESTIONS
grounds and across the grounds be set to shade trees and to

grass.
6. Find the area of a circle whose circumference is 125.664
feet.
SoLUTION.
c=2 Tr
Whence r = —t
125.664_
2×3.1416 T *
Area =Trº
=3.1416)×400
ft.
=1256.64 sq.
Show the connection relation between percentage
or
7.
and (a) decimals, (b) common fractions.

Ans.—(a) Decimals supply another way writing,
of
of
or
reading, per cents. Thus, per cent can
be
written .06, and
6
read six hundredths.
(b) Common fractions are the fractional equivalent
of
Thus, per cent can
be
percentage. written 9400. Percent
6
measuring by
age system hundredths. The common
of
is
a
fraction expresses the measure some number,

of
or
meas
by
ured quantity, using one the equal parts that num

of of
of
'quantity, This gives rise
or
to
as
ber, unit measure.

a
the term fractional unit. In percentage the unit
of
meas
Since any fraction can
be
of
ure the whole. written

is
3400
possible express
a to
as
hundredths fraction terms
in
to is
or it
percentage express per cent common frac

as
of
tion.
How can be shown that difference of fifteen de
8.
it
to a
grees longitude corresponds

of
of
difference one hour

a
of
time?
Ans.—Since any point on the earth's surface (except the
poles) passes through 360 degrees hours,
24
must pass
in
in it
through 344
of
15
or
360 degrees, degrees, one hour.

Hence, longitude corresponds
of
to
degree
of
one hour
1
time.
At what rate will $480 produce interest two
in
9.
$48
wears and six months?
SoLUTION.
Interest on $480 per cent for 2% years=$12.
at
1
$38+$12=4.
STATE OF KANSAs 125
Therefore $480 will produce $48 interest in two years, six

months at 4 per cent.
10. A farmer grew wheat on a field 100 rods long and
80 rods wide. The yield was 28 bushels per acre. He sold
the wheat at 98 cents per bushel. If the expenses were $9
per acre, what was the net profit from the field?
SoLUTION.
80X100
=50, or number of acres in the field
160
50X28X$.98=$1372, or gross income from the field.
50X$9=$450, or expense.
$1372–$450=$922, or the net income.
ALGEBRA,
1. Define monomial; binomial; expression. Illustrate
each.
Ans.—A monomial is an expression containing a single
term.
Thus, 2ab, 3a*ar.
A biennial is an expression containing two terms.
Thus, a-Hb, 3++2ab,
An algebraic expression is a combination of number synt
bols connected by any of the symbols of operation.
Thus, 7a, 34-H2y+2, a-Hö--r-Hy.
2. Define and illustrate the meaning of coefficient, carpo
ment, and fractional exponent.
Ans.—Each of the factors of a number or the product of
any number of factors is called the coefficient of the rest
of the term.
Thus, in 2a, 2 is the coefficient of a ; in 3a*, 3 is the co
efficient of ar, and 3a is the coefficient of 4.
The number written over and to the right of the base
is called the exponent, and, if a positive integer, indicates
how many times the base is taken as a factor.
The numerator of a fractional exponent indicates the
power to which the quantity is to be raised and the denom
inator indicates the root which is to be extracted,
§
Thus ał4 is another way of writing 4 Vaº.
3. Give the rule of coefficients and exponents in multipli
and division. Explain the meaning of (arºy)8;
a 1-.
Ans.—To find the coefficient of the product, multiply the
126 Coonty ExAMINATIoN QUEstroNs
coefficient of the multiplicand by the coefficient of the nºruſ

tiplier.
To find the coefficient of the quotient, divide the coeffi
cient of the dividend by the coefficient of the divisor.
To multiply when the bases are the same, write the com
mon base and over it the exponent of the mtiltiplicand plus
the exponent of the multiplier.
To divide when the bases are the same, write the comt
mon base and over it the exponent of the dividend minus
the exponent of the divisor.
(aºy)3=42yxaºyxa.”y
=42'2:2y1*111
=rºyº
or (x2y)3–43°2934
= rºys
4VºI2 = 4V (gº)†.
=as
or4Val? =al%—as
4. Factor by type forms,
(1) 442–20 ry-H25y”; (2) +2+y^+2+y—952.
(1) 442–20 ry-H25y2=(24–53)2
(2) 4:2+y^+24 y—9b°–
= (a+y)*—9
gº-ºº:
=(x+y+3b) (4-Hy—3b).
-
5. Factor (1) a”—7a—18; (2) (a-b)?—m”.
SoLUTION.
(1) a”—7a—18=(a—9) (a+2)
(2) (a–b)2—m?= (a-b-Hºm) (a—b—m).
(1) at-Ha2+1 (2) a2+2–16a?
a8–1 ar?--9ar-H20a
SoLUTION.
(1) cº-Ha*-H1 = (a++a+1) (cº-a+1)
a8–1 (a—1) (a^+a+1)
_ a”—a-H1
-
6–1
(2) a*a*—16a” a” (a +4) (a-4)
gº?--9aa-H200 T a (x+4)(x-H5)
:- a (4–4)
Tr-Es
, 7. Find the product of
STATE OF KANSAS 127
(a+++)++(1—a
SoLUTION.
Hä)
1+ab J. b 1+ab
_ a-Ha*b-Eb-d X +
b
+ 1+ab—ab-Ha*
1+ab 1+ab
_ ab(1+a”) X 1+ab
T b (1-Fab) 1+a?
=a.
8. Find the algebraic sum of
24-13
10x-H10
– 34-16 -
15++45
SoLUTION.
24-13 34-16
104-H10 154-H45
_ 3(z+3) (24-13)-2(x+1) (34–16)
30(++1) (4-H3
642—214–117–6+2+26++32
- 30(x+1) (4-H3)
5+–85
-
30(++1) (4-H3)
4-17
6(4-H1) (4-H3)
9. Solve
az +
-ETE-
be
- -āTE ba: — ac
=
c
−a.
SoLUTION.
az +
b -H c
be - ba;
a2+
ac
b2
c
ot
Multiply (1) by a (b+c) (a^+b”)
star-Haºba-Ha*bc-Ha*b*c—abºr-Ha2bc—abcar+a2c2=
a?bc-Hbbc-Ha2c2+b^cº (2)
Uniting and transposing in (1)
(a4+a+b–ab?—abc)4=béc-Hb2c2—abbc-a2b.P.c (3)
Dividing (3) by coefficient of 4.
2 = b3c-i-b2c2—abbc-a2b^c
(4)
ał-Ha*b—ab”—abc
128 COUNTY EXAMINATION QUESTIONs
Factoring right member of (4)

_ be (b++be—a"—a-b)
(5)
a (a8+a2b–52-bc)
Reducing right member to lowest terms in (5)
2 = - -—-b6
et
10. A's age is one-fourth B’s age. Five years ago A was
one-seventh as old as B. Find their present ages.
Solution.
Let x=No. of years in A's present age.
Then 4x=No. of years in B's present age.
And r—5= No. of years in A's age 5 years ago.
And 4a–5=No. of years in B's age 5 years ago.
But 7 (r—5)= No. of years in B's age 5 years ago.
Therefore 44–5–7(4–5) (1)
Multiplying in right member of (1)
44–5–7.4—35 (2)
Transposing in (2)
4+—7x=—35+5 (3)
Uniting in (3)
—34 –—30 (4)
Dividing (4) by —3
4-10 (5)
Therefore A is now 10 years old and B is 40.
. Note—In the answer to Question 9 in algebra examina:

tion Aug. 6 and 7, the right number in equation 4 should
be inverted and should appear thus:
– “b2
GRAMMAR.
be
State the fundamental distinction that ob
to
1.
is
served teaching language lessons and teaching gram

in
in
%ar.
Ans.—Language lesson teaching an art, and
of
that
is
concerns itself simply with the correct form, securing

by
vocabulary, and repetition and drill the free use

of of
a
that vocabulary and those forms. for beginners.

is
is It
Grammar teaches not alone all that taught by lan

guage lessons, but also adds knowledge
of
the rules
a
and principles which govern the use and application

ofof
an
language, and
is,
both art and science, and

is
course, designed for more mature minds.

STATE OF KANSAS 129
2. Write a letter of application to John Smith, clerk of

district No. 5, in your county, setting forth your educa
tional qualifications and your experience.
3. Select the correct expression and give reasons “We
like to see a person live up to (his, their) ideals.”
Ans.—“His.” Because its antecedent “person” is in the
singular number.
(The remaining questions refer to the following selection.)
1 . If you will scan carefully the poetry of the country,
2 those poems which have rung in its annals, those which
3 have power and interest for the masses of the people,
4 you will find that that power and interest grew out of
5 the fact that these men had the faculty of expressing
6 their ideas so clearly and so directly that none could
7 fail to understand them.
4. Select in the above three subordinate clauses, and state
what each modifies.
Ans.— (a) “If–(lines 1, 2 and 3) people,”
modifies “will find” (line 4).
(b) “That (first “that in line 4)—fact”
(line 5),
modifies “will find” (line 4).
“Which—annals” (line 2), modifies poems” (line
ſº
2).
all
5. Select and classify as parts of speech the words
used to connect clauses.
Ans.—“If" (line conjunction; “which” re
1)
2)
(line
lative pronoun; “which” (second “which” rela
2)
line
6) 4, in
tive pronoun; “that” (first “that” line conjunction;

conjunction; “that” (line conjunction.
5)
“that” (line
Select four verbs, each different Give
in
6.
tense.
a
tense of each.
Ans.—“Will scan,” future; have sung (present perfect);
“have,” present; “will find,” future; “grew,” past; “had,”
as
past; “expressing,” present participle used moun:

a
“could fail,” past; “to understand,” present infinitive.

Parse directly, line
6,
7.
manner, modifies “expres

of
Ans—"Directly.” adverb
Sing.
Parse that, line
8.
5.
Ans.—“That,” subordinate conjunction joining clause

“that directly” the preceding clause.
to
2;
5;
Give syntax poems, line expressing, line ideas,

of
9.
ińe
6.
li
130 Count'Y EXAMINATION QUESTIONS
y?
Ans.—(a) “Poems,” objective appositive of “poetry
(line 1).
(b) “Those” (1st in line 2), simple adjective element
modifying “poems,” immediately following
it.
“Those” (2d
line 2), simple adjective element, -modifying “poems”
in
understood.
(c) “Expressing,” indirect objective element
of
the
double object “faculty expressing” after the verb “had.”
of
(d) Ideals, objective element after “expressing.”
10. Parse “to understand,” line
7.
Ans.—Verb, infinitive, present tense, third person,
singular number, the objective case after “could fail.”
in
GEOGRAPHY.
Show briefly that the geographical position
of
1.
the
of
United States more favorable than that other coun
is
tries for the development
of
commercial relations with
all parts of the earth.
Ans.—Mainly the North Temperate, but has posses
in
sions the Frigid and Torrid Zones; vast mines, lumber

in
districts and grazing regions; an empire fertile soil,
of
and lofty mountain ranges abounding precious minerals;
in
great water highway from North
to
South connec
a
ting the Great Lake System with the Gulf Mexico; the
of
extended coast line on the two great oceans; the con
Panama,
of
of
trol the Canal Zone across the Isthmus
reducing distance and expense transportation enormous
of
ly; bases supplies Porto Rico, the South Sea Isl

of
in
ands, Hawaiian Islands, Guam and the Philippines; fish

eries, seal-catching, etc.
Over what waters would you sail and what important
2.
countries and important islands would you pass on
a
voyage from New York Manila’ Choose your own
to
route.
Ans.— (a) Waters:, Atlantic Ocean, Mediterranean Sea,
Suez Canal, Red Sea, Gulf Aden, Arabian Sea, Indian
of
Ocean, South China Sea.

(b) Countries: Spain, Italy, Morocco and the Barbary
States, Egypt, Eritrea, Somaliland, Arabia, India, Straits
Settlements.
(c) Islands: Azores, Sardinia, Sicily, Crete, Ceylon,
Sumatra, Borneo.
Define “political map,” “physical map.”
3.
Ans.—(a) Political: Shows the divisions

of
the earth
STATE OF KANSAS 131
into states or governments, as Great Britain, United States,

Argentina, Rhodesia, Japan, etc. w
(b) Physical: Shows surface, drainage, land areas,
water areas, currents of the land and sea, all natural
phenomena concerned with the physical life of the word.
4. Name the states of the United States which lead in
production of iron, cotton, rice, wheat, copper, gold,
Jººyer.
#. -
Ans.—(a) Iron, Pennsylvania. (b) Cotton, Mississippi.
(c) Rice, Louisiana. (d) Wheat, Minnesota. (e) Copper,
Montana, (f) Gold, Colorado. (g) Silver, Colorado.
5. Why is each of the following-named cities a commer
cial center: Havre, Hamburg, Odessa, Portland (Oregon),
Portland (Maine)... . . . . . . . . . .
Ans.—(a) Havre, port of Paris.
(b) Hamburg, most of commerce between Germany
and the United States pass through this port and that of
Bremen.
(c) Odessa, port of wheat shipping for Russia.
(d) Portland, Oregon, harbor for ocean vessels created
§ the building of jetties at the mouth of the Columbia
Ver.
(e) Portland, Maine, terminus of the principal railway
system of eastern Canada and has a fine harbor.
6. Give briefly the difference between the climate of the
western coast of Europe and the eastern coast of North
America, and give reasons.
Ans.—The Gulf Stream bathes the entire western coast
of Europe and thus ameliorates the climate. The same
current performs the same office for eastern coast of
North America, by entering the Carribean Sea and the Gulf
of Mexico, circling along the coasts of Mexico and the
Southern United States, passing into the Atlantic at the
point of Florida, swerving to the eastward at about Hat
teras. The Greenland and the ice bearing currents sweep
down the Northeast coast of North America to Newfound
land and so chill the waters of the Atlantic along the
northern half of the Atlantic coast that those regions are
very inhospitable in winter to points even below New
York harbor.
7. Which country is more favorably situated for cont
mercial purposes, Japan or China? Why?
Ans.—Japan has many harbors, is entirely surrounded
by great ocean currents and is consequently on the great
highway of the deep seas,
8. Compare briefly Sweden with Spain as to geographical

situation, rivers, government, character of people, and
schools.
Ans.—Sweden, lies near the Arctic Circle; slopes to the
east, abounds in short rivers, lakes and waterfalls; king
dom; hardy, thrifty people; good schools especially in
manual training. Spain, lies almost half north and half
south of the 40th parallel of N. Lat.; is highland diagon
ally from northwest to southeast, with many short and
several long and important rivers; Kingdom; people lack
energy and thrift, are now progressive; schools are poor.
9. How would you teach important facts in geography
in your school district, (a) on the farm, (b) in the city
or townshipf
Ans.—(a) Distances, directions, measurements, forms of
land and water, clouds, winds and etc.
(b) Soils, vegetables, animal life, school district.
(c), Roads, bridges, railroads, water systems, light sys
tems, telephone lines, telegraph lines and etc.
10. In the schoolhouse and grounds how would you
teach the children to measure the rainfall? to find the
degree of heat or cold f to observe the growth of plants?
Ans.— (a) By furnishing or requiring them to furnish
basin with vertical sides, perpendicular to flat bottoms,
and a ruler or other measure with which to take depth
of water in the basin.
(b) With a thermometer, showing them how to read
it.
(c) Note by measurements in circumference and lon
gitudinally.
In all this work, they record their observations in a
note-book, reviewing, and making comparisons, from time
to time.

1. Discuss the relation between geography and history
in the development of the civilization of a country.
Ans.—The latitude, and longitude; altitude; climate;
lands for cultivation, grazing, mining; products; sea-ports,
water-ways, water-power; sea currents; winds, and all the
phenomena and facts of the various fields of geography
determine where civilization shall commence what course it
shall take, and the progress it shall make. The two are so
intimately, so inseparably commingled that they can not
STATE OF KANSAS 133
be distinguished, frequently, in accounting for development

and growth of a people.
2. What is the advantage of reviewing by the topic
method instead of by the consecutive paging of the text
book f
Ans.—It affords a logical and orderly view of a sub
ject as a whole, and enables the student to note advance or
retrogression, and the reasons therefor.
3. How do you account for the developºnent of the town
as a unit of local government in Massachusetts and the
county as a unit of local government in Virginia?
Ans.—The thin soil compelled the Massachusetts settlers
to live in towns where they could carry on manufacturing,
hence, the rural population being small, the town became
the center of political and social life, and the unit of
civil government. The culture of the soil was the great
business of Virginians, hence, plantations were large, towns
few and insignificant, and the county represented this larger
rural life in government and civil affairs.
4. What was the “stamp act” of 1765?
Ans.—All legal and public documents, marriage cer
tificates, wills, deeds, bonds, etc., had to be written upon
stamped paper purchased from agents of the English gov
ernment, the profits arising from the sales being a revenue
for support of government.
5. Give the main provisions of the treaties of 1782 and
1783. Why were two treaties necessary?
Ans.—(1) 1782, was a preliminary treaty of peace, rec
ognizing the United States of America as a separate
and independent nation and government. 1783, The Treaty
of Paris: (a) Recognized our independence. (b) Estab
lished our boundaries, (c) Accorded us fishing rights on
Canadian and Newfoundland coasts. (d) Our merchants
were to pay all debts to British subjects made prior to
war. (e) Free navigation of the Mississippi River to both
nations. (f) Withdrawal of all English troops and fleets
from United States.
(2) So that hostilities might be suspended and lives
and property saved pending the negotiations over the per
menent treaty of 1783.
6. Discuss the three great compromises of the constitu
w
tion.
Ans.— (a) Gave the smaller states representation in
equal
the National Senate and preserved the rights of the lar
134 CotſNty ExAMINATfox QUESTIONs
ger States by basing representation in the House of Rep

resentatives upon population.
(b) The slave holding states maintained a representa
tion in the national government larger than their number
of free inhabitants entitled them to by counting each slave
as three-fifths of a vote; and the free states secured in re
turn the same kind of a count in imposing direct taxes.
(c) The free States secured the control over the com
merce by the national government by conceding that that
control should not be exercised to prohibit the importa
tion of slaves prior to the year 1808.
its
7. Discuss the compromise of 1850 as to provisions
and results.
as
Ans.—(a) The admission
of
California free State:
a
and that the slave trade should be forever prohibited
Columbia were the only concessions
to
the District of
in
freedom.
(b) The settlement the boundary between Texas and
New Mexico, of New Mexico and the payment
of
favor
in
Texas by the National government mil
of
10
to
therefor
lions dollars; the failure abolish slavery
to
the District
in
Columbia; the fugitive slave law; and the practical
of
the Missouri Compromise by the organization

of
repeal
as of
Utah (and Nevada) and New Mexico and Arizona)
(
territories without mention of slavery, were triumphs
and substantial triumphs for the slave-holders. The “squat
as
ter sovereignty” idea embodied the Kansas-Nebras

in
ka Law, hastened the civil war; but would have come

it
eventually this iniquitous though pos

of
as
the direct result

sibly politic compromise
of
1850.
the Spanish-American
of
State the causes and results

8.
zºjar.
by
Ans.—(a) The cruel oppression Spain, the

of
Cuba
that Island,
of
commercial interests the United States

in
and the blowing up the warship Maine Havana harbor,

in
were the causes of the war.

(b) Cuba secured her freedom, and, for price, the Unit
a
Porto Rico and the Philip

of
ed States became the owner

pines;
of
as
result that war.

Name our insular possessions, and state how each was
9.
obtained.
Ans.—Spanish Conquest and Purchase: Porto Rico,
Guam, Philippine Islands. By Occupancy: Wake, Christ
mas, Galley, Starbuck, Penrhyn, Phoenix, Palmyra, How
land, Baker, Johnston, Gardner, Midway, Morell, Marcus.
STATE OF KANSAS 135
By Purchase: , Santa Barbara (with California), Aleutian

Chain (with Alaska). By Annexation: Hawaiian Islands.
10. Give some description of the Panama canal and of
the progress of the work.
Ans.—A lock canal with a summit level 85 feet above sea
level, reached by a flight of locks at Gatun on the At
lantic side and by one lock at Pedro Miguel and two
others at La Boca on the Pacific side. Thése locks will
be formed by a large dam at Gatun and a small one at
Pedro Miguel. A second lake with a surface elevation
of 55 feet will be formed between Pedro Miguel and Pa
nama Bay by a dam at La Boca across the mouth of the
Rio Grande and another dam between Sosa Hill and high
ground near Corobal. The distance from Gatun Locks to
Sosa Locks is about 37 miles. The cost will be $140,000,
000. The President says the canal will be finished by
1914, or from 2 to 6 years earlier than had been estimat
ed. The celerity and character of the work done has
never been equalled, and the order and sanitation prevail
ing in the Canal Zone, ten miles wide from ocean to ocean
including the islands at either extremity has never been
parallelled before in the history of the world.
GENERAL HISTORY.
1. Name two great authors of the Cromwellian period in
England.
Ans.—John Milton and John Bunyan.
2. Why are the following-named persons honored in
history: Isaac Newton, Francis Bacon, Copernicus, Gali
leo? Name the country to which each belonged.
Ans.— (a) Isaac Newton: For his work on science,
The Principia, and his discovery of the law of gravita
tion. England.
(b) Francis Bacon: Great lawyer, great philosopher
and essayist. His greatest work is Novum Organum,
England.
(c) Copernicus. The astronomer who established the
truth that the sun is the center of the solar system. Poland
or Russia.
(d) Galileo, the inventor of the telescope, and discoverer
of the motion of the earth. Italy.
3. Why were the monarchies of Europe hostile to the
French Revolution.
Ans.—Because they regarded it as the outbreak of the
spirit of democracy which was making the people rest
less in every State of Europe, and they knew if it were

successful. in France, each European state would have to
contend with movements for popular privileges and man
hood rights. This actually happened, and in spite of all
their efforts democracy continues to progress in liberaliz
ing every European state.
4. The Bastile was destroyed on July 14, 1789. What
zºva.y most important event
in
ſhe
the United States
in
1789
. inauguration the new government under
of
Ans.—The
the Constitution.
Can you show briefly that Napolean was great
5.
a
I
great general.
as
as
statesman well
a
Ans.—His road—building, architectural works, honest
affairs, treaty-making, and,
of
and careful administration
foremost and above all the enactment and enforcement
of the Code Napoleon constitute him one
of
the world's
greatest statesmen.
Give some strong and weak points
of
the character
in
6.
Louis XVI his government

of
of
France France.
in
Mau
as
Ans.—Strong—Taking
of
the advice such men
repas, Turgot, Necker, and Calonne, summoning La Fay
his counsellor; refusing
be
to
to
to
ette resort unneces
sary force suppress the National assembly; standing
to
steadfastly by Marie Antoinette; the dignity and compos

ure which characterized him after his cause was hopeless
ly
lost and his life forfeited. Weak—Temporizing with

radicals; turning the storm; obstinately
to
deaf ear
a
holding the old regime; permitting the indignities that

to
Versailles; attempting
to
he suffered from the mob
at
disguise; turning his attention

to
leave France other
in
government; lack judgment and ir

of
of
affairs than that

resolution.
Why was there antagonism between William III
of
7.
England and Louis XIV

of
France?
Orange, and Louis XIV
of
Ans.—William was Prince

had waged war upon him for several reasons: religious
(William and Holland were Protestant, Louis and France
were Catholic); government (Louis was the champion
of
absolutism, William republicanism); territory (Louis

of
was striving make France the greatest power Europe,

to
in
of
William Holland). After

to
maintain independence
William became King England, Louis, after the death
of
James II, violating his promise, perfidiously recognized

of
King
as
James II’s son, the Pretender,

of
Great Britain
STATE OF KANSAS 137
and Ireland, and war followed with the English supporting

William.
8. What nations of Europe fought each other for colo
wial possessions? Name a few of the colonies for which
they struggled.
Ans.—France with England: Canada, the Great Lakes
country, territory between the Alleghanies and the Missis
sippi, India, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Hudson Bay
Territory.
England with Holland: New York.
England and Holland with Spain: Florida, West Indies
and East Indies.
9. Give briefly differences and similarities between the
French Revolution of 1789 and the American Revolution of
1776.
Ans.—Differences: Struggle in America was between
the mother country and the colonies separated by an ocean;
in France it was a duel between next door neighbors, as
sisted, some few of them, by foreign states. The Ameri
cans possessed considerable freedom and many privileges,
the French revolutionists but little of either. The French
wished to destroy government, the Americans to correct
abuses in the government they had.
Similarities: Both were fighting a battle for the per
sonal rights of man. Both were opposing a king enthroned
in despotism. Both were more in danger from foes at
home than from abroad. Both were fighting caste, the
Americans against the wealthy Tories; the French against
the King, nobles and church.
10. What use do you make of biography, maps and pic
tures in the teaching of general history?
Ans.—These are the very life of instruction. The per
sonal element in biography creates enthusiasm, interest,
ideals; and this is supplemented by the clear and accurate
knowledge that comes from the sense lessons of maps and
pictures.
HISTORY OF KANSAS.
1. What was the Kansas-Nebraska act?
Ans.—A bill brought into the United States Senate by
the Committee on Territories, Senator Stephen A. Douglas
of Illinois, chairman, to organize the territories of Kansas
and Nebraska out of a portion of the Louisiana Purchase.
The Bill was a long one, containing 38 sections, but the
provisions that made it the direct wedge between the North

and South were:
(a) It repealed the Missouri Compromise.
(b) It left the question of freedom or slavery to the
people of the territories, to be settled by them when they
came to frame their state constitutions for admission to
the Union.
It became a law May 30th, 1854.
2. What can you tell about the life and work of Mo;her
Bickerdyke, John Brown, Richard Cordley, Rev. C. M.
Sheldon, Rt. Rev. John B. Miege f Be brief.
Ans.— (a) Mother Bickerdyke—A nurse in the Civil
War who so endeared herself to the soldiers that they
named her “mother.” She continued her efforts in behalf
of the G. A. R. veterans after the war in this state, and
a home for them was called the “Mother Bickerdyke
Home.”
(b) John Brown—Settled in Kansas during the early
struggles, before he went to Harper's Ferry. His home
was at Osawatomie. He assisted fugitive slaves to reach
Canada, and engaged in the killings that gave Kansas the
sobriquet of “Bleeding Kansas.”
(c) Richard Cordley—A Congregational minister, who
lived at Lawrence at the time of Quantrill's Raid, was al
ways a leader in the struggle for freedom, and wrote a
“History of Lawrence.”
(d) Rev. C. M. Sheldon—A Congregational minister,
who lives in Topeka, is a leader in temperance reform
(prohibition), and author of “In His Steps,” and a num
ber of other religious and social novels.
(e) Rt. Rev. John B. Miege—Pioneer bishop of the
Catholic church in Kansas, founded many churches of his
faith. His official residence was Leavenworth.
3. How many regiments did Kansas send to the Spanish
American war? Did any of them engage in the war? If
so, name the regiment, and tell where it was in the service?
Ans.— (a) Four, 20th, 21st, 22d, and 23d.
(b) No.
(c) The 20th went to the Philippines to engage in the
Filipino war, which broke out at the close of the Spanish
war, and saw great service. The 23d reached Santiago de
§.
Cuba in time to see the last Spanish troops embark for
The other two regiments never left the United
tates.
STATE OF KANSAS 139
4. What was the attitude of the national government

toward Kansas while it was a territory?
Ans.—Hostile to its becoming a free state. Since a ma
jority of the settlers were free-soilers, there was continual
strife between th state and national government.
5. When was Kansas admitted into the Union? Who
was the first governor of the state?
Ans.— (a) January 29th, 1861.
(b) Charles Robinson.
6. Where is each of the following-named institutions sit
uated: State Orphans’ Home, School for the Blind, School
for the Deaf, Western State Normal School, State Manual
Training Normal School?
Ans.—State Orphans' Home, Atchison; School for the
Blind, Kansas City: School for the Deaf, Olathe; Western
State Normal School, Hays; State Manual Training Nor
mal School, Pittsburg.
7. Why were not the constitutions made at Topeka, Leav
enworth and Lecompton satisfactory to the free-state peo
ple?
Ans.—The Topeka and Leavenworth constitutions were
satisfactory to them; but Congress would not ratify either
of them. The Lecompton constitution allowed no vote
against provided that the vote should
be
“for the
it.
It
constitution with slavery” “for the constitution with

or
out slavery.” This constitution was returned
to
the state
by
Congress for vote and was defeated by almost
11
a
against
to
for.
1
by
Are the following-named state officials elected
8.
the
appointed: Railroad commissioners, secretary
of
or
people
agriculture, superintendent insurance, state
of
of
the board
printer?
the peo
by
Ans.—The first, third and fourth are elected

ple. The second chosen by the State Agricultural So
is
ciety, body not controlled by the state.

a
How many members are representa

of
the house
in
9.
tives? In the senate?

Ans.—(a) 125. (b) 40.
10. Of what material would you relief-map
of
make
a
Kansas showing the difference between the eastern and

elevation; also, showing rivers and
as
western sections
to
watersheds?
and water, papier mache.
or
Ans.—Sand
140 COUNTY EXAMINATION QUESTIONs º
READING,
1. Define (a) orotund quality, (b) pure tone, (c) circum
fl€47.
Ans.—(a) Orotund-A mode of intonation directly
from the larynx, which gives fullness, clearness, and
strength.
(b) Pure Tone—Is free from harsh, guttural, aspir–
ated, nasal, or oral tone, and is made with less fatigue than
any other.
(c) Circumflex—A wave of the voice embracing both a
rise and a fall or a fall and a rise on the same syllable.
2. Discuss articulation as essential to good reading.
Ans.—There can be no good reading where the hearer
is put upon a strain to understand the words used by the
reader. This he can not do, unless, without conscious ef
fort, the reader enunciates each vocal (which is a pure
tone) with a free expansive opening of the mouth , with the
teeth, tongue and palate in the proper positions for each
sound. This articulation the reader secures by constant
and careful drills upon the sounds and their - combinations
in syllables and words.
3. What are the essential qualities of good oral reading?
Ans.—Climax, anticlimax, gradation, atmosphere, tone
color, articulation.
4. Give in detail your plan of conducting a recitation in
the following selection from the First Reader:
I have a flag.
My flag is pretty.
can run with my flag.
I can run and play with
it.
Do you see my little flag?

love the pretty flag.
I
Ans.—New words: have; flag; my flag; pretty flag;

a
I
little flag.
Object: little flag,
or
Show several little flags.

a
Drawing: picture flag.

of
A
Question: Ask questions about the flag, size, colors,

stars, stripes, until each child knows the flag.
of
number
Teacher's Talk: Teacher gives short talk on the flag,
and why we love
it.
27 tº
Flags: Bring out
“a
flag;” “my flag;” “little

of
Kind
flag;” “pretty flag,” and join with have,” thus,
“I
“I
have
flag,” etc.
a

be
asked and what instruction

5.
STATE OF KANSAS - 141
should be given in developing the following lesson from

the Fifth Reader?
ADDRESS TO THE ARMY.
The time is now near at hand which must probably de
termine whether Americans are to be freemen or slaves;
whether they are to have any property they can call their
own; whether their houses and farms are to be pillaged
and destroyed, and themselves consigned to a state of
zwretchedness from which no human efforts can deliver
them. The fate of unborn willions will now depend, un
der God, on the courage and confidence of this army. Ouy
cruel and unrelenting enemy leaves us only the choice of a
brave resistance, or the most abject submission. We have,
therefore, resolved to conquer or to die.—George Wash
trigton.
Ans.—(a) 1. Who made this address?
2. Tell something of the services of the author of the
address to the United States.
3. Upon what occasion was the address made?
4. Was the same thought expressed and the same conclu.
sion reached by other men at that time? If so, by whom
and circumstances attending them?
5. Give a resumé of the size, equipment, and fighting
value of that army.
6. How nearly did it follow the suggestions made in the
address?
7. Do you think the address is as good as that of Patrick
Henry to the Virginia burgesses? Reasons for your an
Swer.
8. Was there any danger of Americans becoming
“slaves” if
the war went against them? Why?
9. Was the author justified in his statements about
“property and pillage?”
10. Who are the “unborn millions” to whom he refers,
and what effect has the result of that war had upon them?
(b) The teacher should by way of preparation talk the
lesson over, give a synopsis of events and conditions exist
ing at the time, and furnish references from which the pu
pils may glean further knowledge.
ORTHOGRAPHY.
by the earaminer:
maximum alfalfa
calliope fatality
i42 COUNTY EXAMINATION QUESTIONs
peaceable chagrin
equivalent omission
armica enforcement
toothache truly
sticceed rummage
obsolete conceal
immigrate aggravate
righteous schedule
prudence apricot
partial geology
6. Mark diacritically : Plover, juvenile, transaction, apri
cot, arctic. -
7. Give homophones for the following: Serial, quarts,
muscle, altar, bear.
Ans.—Serial, cereal; quarts, quartz; muscle, mussel;
altar, alter; bear, bare.
8. Define (a) diphthong, (b) triphthong, (c) syllable.
(d) prefix, (e) suffix.
Ans.— (a) The union of two vowels in one syllable, as
ea, in eat.
(b) The union of three vowels in one syllable, as iew in
li€44.
(c) A spoken syllable is a vocal sound which alone, or
in combination with one or more subvocal or aspirate
sounds, forms a word or a distinct part of a word.
A written syllable is a vowel, which alone, or combined
3.
word.
consonants, forms a word, or a separate part of a
(d) A significant syllable or combination of syllables

joined to the beginning of a primitive word.
(c) A significant syllable or combination of syllables
joined to the end of a primitive word. -
9. Give and illustrate two rules of syllabication.
Ans.—(c) A single consonant between two vowels is
joined to the latter when the former vowel has its long
sound, as pa-per, ci-pher.
wo vowels coming together, if they do not make
a diphthong, must be separated in dividing the syllables,
a-e-ri-al.
10. What results should be secured through the teaching
of orthography?
Ans.—As the term is understood it means a complete
mastery of sounds, letters, syllables, and words, including
STATE OF KANSAS 143
articulation, syllabication, pronunciation, accent, indeed all

the essentials of orthography (proper), orthoepy, and ety
mology.
PENMANSHIP.
1. Should the whole-arm movement be taught to a first
grade pupilf Explain your answer.
Ans.—Yes. It is well to have the child understand from
the start that a free, easy position is necessary to become
a good writer.
2. Should the writing period in all grades be at the same
time? Explain your answer.
Ans.—All grades should take writing at the same time;
because the same instruction as to position of body, pen,
material, etc., applies to all grades, also, it will save time
and the same or better results can be obtained.
3. Should a teacher insist on a uniform position of the
Jiand in holding the pen? Why?
Ans.—The teachers should describe the correct position of
the hand and require it to be used wherever practical but
there are instances where, it is not best to insist upon this.
Sometimes we get pupils who are deformed in body or
limb or have some nervous affliction. In such cases it
is not advisable to require the pupil to comply with any
set rule.
4. What plans do you use to keep all pupils properly
supplied with writing material?
Ans.—Where no ink wells are provided in the desk, it is
well to have individual ink bottles passed and gathered
each day, the same applies to pens and penholders. The
district board should furnish the paper as well as the pens
and ink, thereby having a uniformity of materials used.
Otherwise a diversity of material will be used, which is not
desirable.
5. Write a favorite quotation as a specimen of your pen
manship.
Ans.—[For applicant.]
THEORY AND PRACTICE,

of perception to the higher foºms
1. What is the relation
of thought?
Ans.—It furnishes the material upon which all other fac.
ulties depend and without which they can do no work.
2. Earplain and illustrate the statement, “True imagina
tion is the picture-making faculty operating under the guid

ance of reason.”
Ans.—Imagination is the creative faculty of the mind.
Consciously and deliberately it chooses items from its past
experiences and from them builds a perfect whole, a picture
of something new adapted to a particular end or purpose.
Observe the picture as a whole is new, each of its parts
are old, past erperiences. Then note also it is a picture
intended and designed by the reason for a particular pur
pose. This is the difference between the creations of
fancy (dreams, day dreams, deliriums, etc.) which are
constructed of past experiences with no purpose in view,
to serve no end, and come unbidden by, and frequently
despite reason's protest and opposition.
3. Describe and illustrate the inductive method.
Ans.—The inductive method proceeds from the particu
lar to the general, from the individual to the class, from
the ab
it,
the illustration to the rule, from the concrete
stract, from the known the unknown. Thus, instead
of fit of
announcing to
general law, and making the individuals
a
by
that law, the law principle the study
or
adduced
is
individual objects. Instead learning the rule
to of defini
or
tion and then applying the problem, problems are
it
principle can be
or
or
studied until the definition rule
framed from the experience with the problems.
Classify the following subjects into those consisting
4.
chiefly body comprehended, (b)

of
of
be
(a) truths
to
a
be a
learned, (c) an art acquired: Arith

of
be
facts
to
to
set
metic, oral reading, political geography, writing, physiology
language lessons, spelling, and grammar.
Ans.— (a) Arithmetic,
(b) Political geography, physiology.
(c) Oral reading, writing, language lessons, spelling,
grammar.
The division unsatisfactory because arithmetic com
as is
bines and does grammar.

c,
a
primary reading differ

of
How does the chief aim

5.
advanced reading?
to of
from that
Ans.—Is secure familiarity with the printed page, re
move self consciousness, and secure vocabulary.
a
Advanced reading aims broad and deep knowledge,

at
clear understanding, and forceful and ready expression.

How can the oral and written work all the subjects
in in
6.
correct the common errors the use of lan

to
be used
guage?
- STATE OF KANSAS 145
Ans—By checking these errors and requiring reproduc

tion of the work with correct forms used.
7. Discuss the following topics concerning the teaching
of writing in the first grade: (a) The use of the black
board, (b) the size of the letters on blackboard and paper.
Ans. (a) To obtain practice in the free, full arm, con
tinuous movement, the crayon only touching the board, and
tracing large O's and elongated figure 8's lying on their
side. Then make small letters, having the same dimen
sions, noting in each instance the muscles used in making
each letter in the shoulder, upper arm and lower arm.
(b) The letters at the board should be on the basis of
a horizontal ellipse about 8 by 3 inches. At the seat they
should be large, as large as the paper will permit, preserv
ing the same relative proportions.
8. Give the reason for each of the following plans for
studying spelling lessons: (a) Thoughtfully writing the
words; (b) eliminating from further study the words the
pupil is sure he can spell; (c) giving undivided attention
to the work. -
Ans.—(a) Obtaining an exact mental picture of the

word.
(b) Attention may not be diverted from new forms, and
the brain weary by repetition of various forms.
(c) The forms are arbitrary and must be memorized,
hence attention alone can secure them, as no thought or
notion will suggest them.
9. Outline your method of teaching the combinations up
to 10.
Ans.—Show the combinations on the blackboard and on
the chart. Drill until pupils can tell result at a glance,
Place combinations on cards held in the hand, uncovering
one, naming the pupil to give Do not take pupils
it.
in
certain fixed order, but see that each recites, not knowing
whom he to follow.
is
maps and map drawing

of
be
10. What use should made

geography?
in
possible. The drill should

be
Ans.—The greatest so
thorough and repeated often that correct representa
so
tions will be kept all continents, oceans,

of
the mind
of in
prominent bodies water, land, heights, bays, rivers,

water sheds, etc.
146 CoC NTY EXAMINATION QUESTIONS
PHYSIOLOGY.
1. Name the diseases which a lack of nourishing food
will produce.
Ans.—Anaemia, rickets (in children), inanition (ulti
mately starvation), nervous prostration, atrophy of cellu
lar tissue (which manifests itself in “hob nail” liver, wrink
iing of the skin, emaciation, etc.), finally, organic diseases
i
are set up as a result of atrophy of cellular tissue.
seating of pupils from the view-point of
fºcus, the
Jlealth.
Ans.—Greatest care should be exercised, keeping in view
ventilation, freedom from draughts, height of seat from
floor, height of desk from seat, shape of seat and desk,
lighting (from left and rear), heating (not too near, nor
too far from heater, use of screens, etc.).
3. What are the most favorable conditions for the ate
velopment of the germs of typhoid fever? Diphtheria?
Ans.—(a) Where the drinking-water or the food supply
is polluted by slops from the sick-room of a person having
typhoid fever. -
(b) The breathing of the same air with a person afflicted
with the disease, or with one who has been in the presence
of such a sufferer.
4. Give rules for the care of the teeth; care of the skin.
Ans. (a) Teeth : After each meal remove particles of
foreign matter with a wooden tooth-pick, and wash with
a brush and mild soap-water.
(b) Skin: Protect with kind and amount of clothing
suited to the climate, habits of life, and constitution of
body. Moisten with water every day and rub well with
coarse towel. Take thorough bath every week. In hot
weather or after violent exercise baths may be used more
frequently. The kind (hot, warm or cold) and the num
ber of baths must be governed by bather's health, circum
stances, constitution, etc.
5. What causes milk to sour? Under what conditions
does it sour most quickly f
Ans.— (a) Its sugar ferments and gives rise to lactic
acid, which neutralizes the alkali and precipitates the
caseinogen, as curds.
(b) In the open air at a warm temperature. If the ani
mal heat has not left the milk, however, it will sour quicker
when covered.
6. What is the effect of tobacco smoking on the mental
powers of the smoker?
STATE OF KANSAS 147
Ans.—It weakens them, both from the poison to the

brain cell itself, and also from the fact that the other or
gans do not furnish pure blood for its nourishment.
7. What would you consider a balanced ration for a la
boring man? Why?
Ans.—(a) “According to a standard which has been
largely followed, it is assumed that a man doing moderate
work would need 118 grams of proteid, 56 grams of fat,
and 500 grams of carbohydrates per day. The total full
value of this amount of food is 3,055 large calories. Re
cent experiments would indicate that an amount of food
whose fuel value is only 1,600 large calories is better.”—
Dr. J. A. Culler. *
(b) Because, as indicated, it contains the necessary
amount of nutritive value and of fuel value.
8. Give at least three reasons why one should eat slowly.
Ans.—The food will be finely divided so that the digest
ive fluids may act upon it readily.
The saliva and other juices will be thoroughly mixed
with the food, reducing it to a liquid.
Less quantity of food will be eaten; but the quantity will
be sufficient for nutrition and energy or heat.
9. Tell how well-water may become contaminated, and
give four ways of purifying
it.
Ans.—(a) percolating through the soil and rock

In
it
takes up and holds solution many mineral substances.
in
Surface water charged with decaying matter

or
sewage may by
be
flow into the well. shallow well may fed water

A
from barnyards
or
outhouses.
(b) Filtering. Boiling. Agitating the open air. Forc
in
ing oxygen into

it.
alcohol upon (a) the brain, (b)

of
10. State the effect

the heart.
Ans. (a) The small blood-vessels are relaxed and filled
with blood; the centers regulating
of
of
reflex action and

muscular movements become affected; the higher faculties
the brain lose control over the lower; the will becomes
of
paralyzed, and this paralysis extends all the faculties,

to
by
quickened paralysis
of
(b) Action nerve centers

is
of
which lose control over the muscular walls the small

arteries, allowing them Then, continued, the
to
relax.
heart action becomes weak and irregular; and, long con
tinued, overloads the heart with fat, changes its mus
or
fatty tissue.
to
cular tissue

1. Has the Vice-president of the United States a vote
when he presides in the senate?
Ans.—Not in matters of legislation. In matters of form
and procedure he may vote in case of a tie.
2. What is the difference between an impeachment and a
conviction ?
Ans.—An impeachment is an accusation or charge made
by one branch of the legislative body before the other
branch sitting as a court to try the officer charged.
A conviction is a solemn determination of guilt rendered
by a trial jury or body against one charged with an of
fense.
3. Can a person holding an office under the United States
government accept of any present, office, or title from any
king, prince or foreign state?
Ans.—No.
4. Can the President remove an official without the con
sent of the senate?
Ans.—Yes, unless the United States Laws otherwise
provide. In the case of cabinet officers it is believed Con
gress can not lay any restriction as to removal upon him.
5. What is treason against the United States?
Ans.—“Consists only in levying war against them, or in
adhering to their enemies, giving them aid and comfort.”—
Const. of U. S., Art. 3, Sec. 3.
6. What is meant by civil service reform f
Ans.—Placing many of the offices under the control of a
civil service commission, which selects the officers or em
ployees thus placed under its control upon the ground of
fitness ascertained by examinations, promoted according
to well formulated rules based upon efficiency and length
of service, and removed only for cause.
7. What is the difference between an ambassador or min
ister and a consulf
Ans.—The former is the political and diplomatic repre
sentative, while the latter is the business and commercial
agent of his country. The former resides at the seat of
government. The latter at an important port or commer
cial center.
8. What prohibition is placed upon Congress concerning
religion, free speech, and the right of petition?
Ans.—“Make no law respecting an establishment of re
ligion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridg
ing the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of
STATE OF KANSAS 149
the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the gov

ernment for a redress of grievances.”—1st Amendment to
Const.
9. Give four ways by which persons ºnay become citizens
of the United States?
Ans.—(a) Being a member of a community at the time
by
its
of annexation to, purchase the United States,
or
as
Texas, Louisiana.
(b) Born the United States, and living here reach
at
in
-
ing majority.
(c) Immigrating minor,
or to
the United States while
a
lacking three years majority, and parent taking
of
more
out intention papers.
(d) Being majority when reaching the United States,
of
by
all
then taking the steps required
of
the laws the United
States upon the question
of
naturalization.
teaching would you require your pupils
In
memo
to
10.
rize any parts
of
of
the constitution the United States?
Give your reasons.
Ans.—Yes, the preamble, the 13th and the 15th amend
ment. The preamble because recognizes the federation
it
league
of
of as
“the people
of
the United States” and not

a
the governments gives the

or
states, and also because
it
basic reasons for which the compact The 13th
is
made.
recognizes the application
of
amendment because the
it
all the people, and the 15th amendment for

to
constitution
the same reason, and both because they were vital so
in
reconstructing the nation after the assault upon its life,
and are now so often misconstrued and misunderstood.
LITERATURE.
What are the four essential elements all true lit
of
1.
erature?
Ans.—Emotion, imagination ,thought and form.
(a) poetry; (b) prose
of
Name the several forms

2.
as
Classify the classics studied this year form.

to
Ans.—(a) Poetry forms: Narrative, Epic, Descriptive,

Lyric, Dramatic.
(b) Prose forms: Fiction, History, Essay, Oration.
(c) Classics studied Study:
of
1909 Institute Course

in
Evangeline, narrative and descriptive poetry.

Rip Van Winkle, fiction, short story
or
sketch.
Legend Sleepy Hollow, fiction, short story
of
or
sketch.
Westminster Abbey, essay.
150 County FXAMINATION QUESTIONS
3. Discuss the purpose of the author in the writing 0°

“Evangeline.”
-
Ans.—To portray the picturesque manners and customs
of those Acadian peasants; to describe the beautiful coun
try of their home-land and the scenes of their exile; to de
lineate the character of Evangeline, her father, the priest
and schoolmaster; “to point the noral and adorn the tale”
of woman's devoted and unwearying constancy and truth.
4. Give all the causes that you think contribute to the
effect which this pocm (“Evangcline") has on the mind.
Ans.—Its use of the hexamster verse; the toaching pa
thos of the story; the amount of truth it contains; the
its
beauty of the metaphors and similes; exquisite descrip
nature, and the sweetness and wholesomeness of
of
tions
-
its teaching.
.*
Sleepy Hollow”
of
From the reading “The Legend
of
5.
you judge Irving's view
of
do
what life was?

serene, optimistic, seeking-for-the-good-things
{
of-life philosophy; lazy, dreaming, contented view of

a
mystery and illuminated with

of
life, piqued with sense
a
loving, tolerant humor.

a
Write brief sketch of Irving's life and his work.

6.
Ans.—Born April 3d, 1783, New York City, studied

in
law and wrote Jonathan Oldstyle articles, 1800-1802.
lº
Europe. Returned
to
1804, went 1806, and was admitted

in
the bar. The next year began publishing Salmagundi.

to
Lost his betrothed Matilda Hoffman 1809, and same

in
History
of
year published Knickerbocker's New York.
1815, visited Europe second time. 1818, became bankrupt.
published
in In
1819-1820 the Sketchbook. Then followed

the respective years set after them: Bracebridge Hail,
Traveller, 1824; Life Columbus, 1828;
of
of of
1822; Tales
a
Conquest Granada, 1829; Voyages Columbus’ Com

of
panions, 1861; The Alhambra, 1832; Tour on the Prairies,

Spain, 1835;
of
Abbotsford, Newstead Abbey, and Conquest

Captain Boneville, 1837; Oli
of
Astoria, 1836; Adventures

ver Goldsmith, 1849; Mahomet and His Successors, 1850;
George Washington,, 1855
of
Wolfert's Roost, 1855; Life

was distinguished editor, essayist, sketch,
he
59. Thus
as
short story writer, historian, biographer, descriptive

or
Laws by
of
writer, and humorist. He was made Doctor

a
Oxford University Spain 1842

to
1831; was Minister

in
1846; and died Sunnyside, November 28, 1859. -

at
the early school and the early school

of
Write sketch
7.
by
portrayed Irving.
as
master,
STATE OF KANSAS 151
Ans.—School House: “A low building of one large

room, rudely constructed of logs; the windows partly
glazed, and partly thatched with leaves of old copy-books.
It was most ingeniously secured at vacant hours by a withe,
twisted in the handle of the door, and stakes set against
the window shutters”—“stood in a rather lonely but pleas
ant situation, just at the foot of a woody hill, with a brook
running close by, and a formidable birch tree growing at
one end of it.”
Schoolmaster: “The cognomen of Crane was not inap
plicable to his person. He was tall, but exceedingly lank,
with narrow shoulders, long arms and legs, hands that
dangled a mile out of his sleeves, feet that might have
served for shovels, and his whole frame was most loosely
hung together. His head was small and flat on top, with
huge ears, large, green glassy eyes, and a long, snipe nose,
so that it looked like a weathercock perched upon his spin
dle neck, to tell which way the wind blew."
PHYSICS.
1. Upon what law -of the pendulum does its usefulness in
clocks depend?
Ans.—The time of vibration is independent of amplitude,
and depends solely upon the acceleration due to gravity
and on the length of the pendulum. This acceleration be
ing constant all that is necessary to be done is to com
pensate for friction by the clock's works, and regulate the
length of the pendulum in extremes of temperature by rais
ing the bob in warm weather, and by lowering it in cold-
- -
weather.
-
2. Define (a) foot-pounds; (b) horse-power.
Ans.—Foot-pound. The work done by a force of one
pound working through a space of one foot.
Horse-power. The rate of doing work, equal to 550 foot
pounds per second or 33,000 foot-pounds per minute,
3. How can cohesion be shown?
Ans.—By heating two pieces of metal, as iron, to an in
tense heat, and then placing these heated surfaces together,
and subjecting them to pressure. The result will be a weld
ing which causes the like particles to cling together after
cooling by virtue of the property known as cohesion.
4. A piece of iron weighs 31.2 oz. in air and 27.2 oz. in
its
water. What is specific gravity?

Ans.—The weight air divided by the difference be
in
tween the weight in air and the weight in water is equal
-—--- - -—- - -
to the specific gravity of the iron.
31.2 31.2
7.8.-47s.g.
31.2–27.2 4.
5. What causes water to flow in a siphon?
Ans.—The pressure upon the surface of the liquid in
which the short arm is immersed is that of the atmosphere,
which pressure is removed from the long arm by suction.
The force of gravity of the falling water assists in the
flow when once started.
6. By means of a drawing explain the operation of the
force-pump.
*
Define and illustrate (a) convection; (b) radiation of
t.
Ans.—Convection—Is the transference of heat by move
ment of the particles of a liquid or gas amongst them
selves, as in heating a school-room the heated air rises and
heats the particles of air above and the cold air rushes in,
in turn becomes heated, in turn arises and heats adjoining
particles of air. Exactly the same process is carried on
in the teakettle of water over the fire.
Radiation—Is the conveyance of heat in straight ines
outward in every direction from the source of the heat,
as the sun.
8. Earplain harmony and discord.

Ans.—Two musical sounds of the same vibration-rate
are said to be in unison, and their combination produces
a smooth and pleasaant tone. When two notes differ in
pitch and their combination is agreeable to the ear, they
are said to be consonant; when disagreeable, dissonant.
Helmholtz proved that dissonance is due to beats, and is
governed by the law: If the number of beats per second
between the fundamentals of the two tones, or between
thir overtones, or between the overtones of the one and
the fundamentals of the other, is between 10 and 70, dis
sonance will occur. Maximum dissonance is caused by
about 30 beats per second, consonance is admissible at 70, and
all roughness disappears at about 130. Hence, C and D
yield maximum dissonance, because the difference between
their fundamentals is 32 beats and between their first over
tones is 64, and the difference between several others of
their overtones is less than 70. But in C. and G. there is
no instance in fundamentals or overtones of less than 128
STATE OF KANSAS 153
beats; and in them no perceptible dissonance can be de

tected.
-
9. Distinguish between real and virtual images?
Ans.—Real—When the rays of light unite to form an
image and enter the eye from the point where the image
The images formed by concave mirrors are always real,
is.
except when the object between the focus and the mirror.
is
Virtual—When the rays come apparently but not actually
from the place assigned The image formed
to
the image.
plane looking glass virtual since appears
to
on
is
be
#.
it
a
behind the mirror. image formed by concave mirror
a
case the object between the focus and the mirror
a in
is
is
virtual image. The images formed by convex mirrors
are always virtual.
10. Why does the needle the compass point nortk
of
and south
f
Ans.—Because the earth huge magnet with its north

is
a
pole near the island Boothia Felix, west Baffin's Bay,
of
of
and its south pole Long. 154°, al
S.
E.
Lat. 72° 25' and
in
most 1,200 miles from the true south pole, and upon the
Antarctic continent surrounding that pole.
11. State Ohm’s law.
Ans.—The Strength Current equals the Electromo
of
a
tive Force divided by the Resistance.

produced?
be
12. How can an induced current

Ans.—Place coil of insulated wire circuit with sen
in
a
a
sitive galvanometer. Thrust suddenly into the helix the

N-seeking pole strong bar magnet. The needle
of
in
the
a
galvanometer will direction opposite

be
to
in
deflected
a
that which the hands of watch move. Remove the

in
magnet and current produced the opposite direction,

in
is
a
the helix are in

up
These momentary currents thus set

in
duced currents.
BOOKKEEPING.
State the general rule for debits and credits. Define
º
*aft.
d
costs value, and

or
Ans.—Debit that which received

is
parted with produces value.

or
credit that which

is
draft written order drawn by one person upon

A
is
a
second, requesting him pay third person

to
certain sum
a
money
of
5. at
stated time.
a
Journalize, post, take trial-balance and show

2,
or 3,
4,
gain: -
loss
Jan 1.-Began business, investing cash, $4,000.
º
Jan 2–Bought store and lot for cash, $1,800.
$ 1,400.
4—Bought merchandise of H. P. Espy on account,
Jan. 5–Sold J. Currie, on note at sixty days, merchan

dise, $99.90.
Jan. 6—Paid light bill in cash, $8.
Jan. 6–Gave H. P. Espy on account note at four days,
with interest at ten per cent, $500.
Jan. 8.-Sold C. E. Hanna on account, merchandise,
$66.25.
Jan. 9—Paid note of 6th inst. with interest, in cash.
Jan. 11—Sold store and lot to J. H. Wilson, on his note
at ninety days, $1900.
JAN. 1, 1909.
Cash .................................... 400000

Proprietor................. - 400000
2 Real Estate.................... 180000
Cash....................... - 180000
4 Mdse......................... 140000
H. P. 140000
5 Bills Rec..... 99 90
M - --------------- 99 90
6 Expense.......
Cash 8
6
8
H. P.
#.
Bills Pay
C. E. Hanna
500 00
66 25
500 00
Mdse... 66 25
9 Bills Pay 50000
Interest 56
Cash. 500 56
Bills Rec.......
...
11 -- 190000
Real Estate - 1900
.
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
.
.
..
PROPRIETOR.
Jan TTTPFest Wºh
-
411759 Jan.
- 400000
| ||
---
111
N’t Gain 11759

||
"
_|4IITB9|| _|_4117
|Jan. T. 4117 50 tº
12
Pr. with
|
|
CASH.
Jan. 400000 Jan. 180000
||
962
1
00
8
50056
|
REAL ESTATE.
-
Jan. 180000 lil Jan. 11 190000
2
I
I
Gain 10000
_|
11
||
00
- __|1900.00 1900
isTATE OF KANSAS 155
*
MERCHANDISE.
-
|| oad,
Jan. Tº |Inventory |T|T26000

|1}}}|*| f 1||
_|Hāl|T|T ~|--|--- i_{1426
§§
1260(it)
tº
BILLS RECEIVABLE.
an || | | 1.3%| | | |
-
H. P. ESPY.
---
Jan. 6 |_|Boo to Iran.
*
ExPENSE.
-------4. i–EE.
|_|_1400 00
Jan. 0| |_|_800 Jan.|a| Loss || || 8 º'

BILLS PAYABLE.
Jan. 9| | |wo |Jan.| 6| __500 00

C. E. HANNA.
Jan. 8 |_| * * || | | |
INTEREST.
Jan. 9. [[EITIan TTTLos

LOSS AND GAIN.
TL.
||_ _
Jan. 11 Expense 8 00 || Jan. 11 | Real Est. 10000
“ | 11 || Interest 56 º 11 Mdse. 26 15
“_|_11 |Proprietor
*-*- – “ºl---|--
|
11759
TRIAL BALANCE.
_|_1% 15
Pro retor - - -- -- - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - 400000

Cash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400000 || 2:30856
Real Estate..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180000 || 190000
Mdse -- - - - - - - - - - - -- -- - - - - - - -- -- - - - - - 140000 166 15
199990
__
500 (0 || 140000
8 00
66 25
Interest... ............................. 56 ||
977471 ||| 9774ºr
==E= −.
156 Cou NTY ExAMINATION QUESTIONs
Oct. 29 and 30.
ARITHMETIC.
1. Discuss following topics:
the (a) relying upon the
answers; (b) testing the correctness of results.
Ans.—(a) One of the important aims of arithmetic teach
ing is to cultivate the independence and self-reliance of
the pupil. This aim is not reached if the pupil relies very
much upon his answer book. The emphasis should be
placed on understanding the process and not so much on
getting the answer merely.
(b) Instead of relying upon the answers, the pupil
should be taught to test the correctness of results for him
self. This will compel a clearer understanding of the
subject and teach the pupil to be independent in his think
1ng.
2. Arrange ten items in the form of a receipt and ex
fºre
fº.s.
account, and find the totals and net profit.
RECEIPTS. EXPENDITURES.
1909 1909 |,
Mar. 73 days hauling...... 12 00|Mar. 12 tons hay.......... 12 00
Apr. 110 days plowing.... 40 00|| “ 1 35 00
May 14 days planting.... 20 00||
“ “..
75 00
1 77
1|10days hauling.. 40 00|| 15 00

“
June 120 days cultivating 00|Apr.

40 80
50 00
July 120 days hauling.... |8000|| 11 cultivator.. 30 00
““
Aug. 110 days harvesting 00|| 13 tons hay.......... 20 00

“T 115 days hauling .... 60 00|May 1100 bu. corn......... 50 00
Sept. 115 days plowing.... 60 00|| 151 set fly nets... ..... 00
“.
Oct. 110 days sow, wheat 40 Nov. 1|By balance......... 17700

00
47200
00
472
To balance 177
.
Nov.
1
..
..
..
..
.
.3. Eaplain
of
and illustrate two shortened methods mul

tiplication.
by
by
Ans.—To multiply number near 10, multiply

10
a
and add, the multiplier more than 10, subtract

if
is
as is
the
multiplier many times the multiplicand
as
less,
is
the
multiplier differs from 10.
STATE OF KANSAS 157
586X12=?
Solution.—This is two times more than 10X586, or 5,860
+1,172=7,032.
A similar rule can be made for multiplying by a num
ber near 100, 1,000, or 10,000.
To multiply by 25, multiply by 100 and take 4 of the
product.
456X25=?
SoLUTION.
25=% of 100. 4 of 456X100-11,400.
Similarly, to multiply by 50, 33%, or 12%, multiply by
100 and take 4, 4%, or *% of the product as the case
may be.
4. A farmer plows a strip ten feet wide entirely around
a rectangular piece of ground 20 rods by 80 rods. How
many square feet does he plow?
SoLUTION.
80 rods=80×16% ft.=1,320 ft.
2X1,320X10×1 sq. ft.=26,400 sq. ft.=area of two strips
long.
ft.
ft.
10 wide and 1,320

ft.
ft.
20 rds.=30×16% =320 320 ft.—20 ft.=310
2X310X10X1 sq. ft.=6,200 sq. ft.=area two strips
of
long.
10
ft.
ft.
wide and 310

26,400 sq. ft.--6,200 sq. ft.=32,600 sq.
ft.
Explain the terms principal meridian, base line, and
5.
and erplain the mode numbering townships.

of
ranges,
surveyed
of
of
Ans.—Land divisions the form
in
is
rectangles.
or
squares Certain meridians are selected

number the rows of square
to
from which east and west

These meridians are called principal meridians.
of
it.
Similarly base lines, running east and west are selected

squares north and
of
to
from which number the rows

These are called standard base lines. The
it.
south of
squares running north and south along the prin
of
rows
cipal meridians are called ranges and are numbered thus:
W.;
of E.
R
R
1
The rows squares running east and west along the

standard base lines are called townships and are num
bered thus, N;
S.
T
5
1
be 2
Any township can

by
giving the number

of
located
the row which lies north or south of the base line
in
it
the principal
T of
or
of
and the number the row east west

meridian. Thus, N, W
R
2
From dimensions given by the earaminer find the num

6.
square yards plastering that would required

of
of
be
ber
to plaster the room in which the examination is held.

7. Outline your method of teaching the metric system.
Ans.—It is recommended that the class be supplied with
a graduated meter stick, the gram and kilogram and the
liter. If these are not accessible, the pupils can mark strips.
of paper to millimeters. An unworn silver dime weighs
2% grams, and a dry quart measure marked inside and
outside with a ring ¥o of the way down from the top will
approximate a liter.
Use the blackboard for drawing a meter, a yard, a foot,
a sq. meter, a sq. yard, a sq. foot, a sq. centimeter and make
comparisons.
Explain to the class the several units of measure and
their relation to the unit of the metric system. Then take
up the matter of the prefixes and the method of forming
the tables. Read the tables through with the pupils, then
pass to problems referring to the tables for the necessary
data.
8. A man has a deposit of $300 in a savings bank pay
ing four per cent interest, compounded semiannually, for
three years. How much is due the depositor at the end
of that time?
Ans.—Interest compounded semi-annually at 4 per cent
for three years is equivalent to interest competunded an
nually at 2 per cent for six years.
Amount on $1.00 at 2 per cent for 6 years is (1.02)9–
$1.12616.
Amount on $300 at 2 per cent for 6 years =300X$1.12616
=$337.85.
9. How long will it take $975 at simple interest to
amount to $1,225 at five per cent?
$1,225–$975=$250 or total interest.
$975×.05=$48.75, or int. for 1 year.
$250+-$48,75=5%0, or number of years for $975 to earn
$250 at 5 per cent.
5%.9 years=5 yr., 1 mo., 16 days.
10. Which yields the larger rate of income on the invest
ment, $12,000 invested in a farm that yields an income
averaging six per cent, or the same amount invested in
bank stock at 175 and paying annual dividends of ten per
ce?!?.
$12,000X.06=$720, or annual income from farm mort
gage.
STATE OF KANSAS 159
$12,000+$175=68%, or number of shares that can be

purchased at 175.
Income on one share is $10.
Income on 68 shares is 68X$10=$680.
Therefore the farm mortgage yields the larger income.
ALGEBRA.
1. Define coefficient, equation, factor, monomial, expres
stoº.
Ans—Each of the factors of a number or the product
of any number of factors is called the coefficient of the
rest of the term.
An algebraic equation is a statement that the numerical
values of two expressions are the same.
A factor of a number is one of two or more numbers
which, when multiplied together, will produce the number.
A monomial is a number expression consisting of one
term.
An algebraic expression is a combination of number
symbols connected by any of the symbols of operation.
2. Prove the principle that “the difference of even pow
ers is divisible by the sum or difference of numbers.”
Ans.—Since the product of the sum and difference of
two numbers is equal to the difference of their squares,
it follows that the sum of numbers or the difference of
numbers is a factor of the difference of two squares or,
what is the same thing. the difference of even powers.
Hence the difference of even powers is divisible by the
sum or difference of numbers.
3. Factor (a) a”--m?—2cd—cº–d?-H2am. (b)x*—
x+%.
SoLUTION.
(a) a”-Hm”—2cd—cº–d?--2am
=a^+2am-Hºm”)—(c2+2cd+dº)
= (a+m)”—(c—Hd)?
= (a+m-Hc—Hd) (a+m—c—d).
(b) ar”—r-H4–(4–%)?
4. Solve for the unknown quantity and prove the sº
swer a root: % (y—6)=% (y-H2).
Solution.
% (y—6)=% (y-1-2) (1)
Multiply (1) by 15
5y—30=39-H6 (2)
-
Transposing in (2)
5y—3y=6–H30 (3)
160 county ExAMINATION QUESTIONs -
Collecting terms in (3)

2y=36 (4)
Dividing (4) by 2
y=18 (5)
Verification:
% (18—6)=% (18+2)
4=4.
5. Find H. C. F. and L. C. M.: s”—sar–H15, sº—34—1s,
**—r—6. -
Solution.
*—84-H15–(4–3) (4–5)
a *—34–10=(4–5) (a-H2)
**—r—6=(4–3) (4-H2)
The three expressions have no common factor.
The L. C. M. is (++2) (a-3) (4–5).
6. Find the algebraic sum of:
1
aid tâEäIF.
1
––
Tº
Solution.
1 1.
c-d + cº—ca-Ha" TâTă
_ cº-Edº-Ecº-d”—r-Ed
(c—d) (c3+dº)
7. Simplify:
SoLUTIon.
(a —a-H1)
*-
(# + –– + 1
)
1
(*—-41) (++++ 1)
2: (42–4-H1)
- [(*-Fi)—al
(**) [(x^+1)+r]
43
_ (*-H1)*-**
—a
42
- **—H2+2+1–43
8. Divide
—a
:--> 44-Harz-H1
$88, between A, B, and C, giving to B two

thirds and to C three-sevenths as much as to A
STATE OF KANSAS 161
~
Solution.
Let ar=number of dollars for A.
Then =number of dollars for B.
And
#. =number of dollars for C.
Then r-i- + + # =number of dollars divided.
But 88=number of dollars divided.

z+
Multiplying
=-4---- (1)
(1) by 21
21++14++9x=1848 (2)
444:=1848 (3)
Dividing (3) by 44
+=42 (4)
Therefore A's share is $42.
And B's share is $28.
And C’s share is $18.
9. At what time between two and three o'clock are the
hands of a clock together?
SoLUTION.
Let r=number
- minute spaces passed over by minute
hand. -
ac
Then
12
=number minute spaces passed over by hour hand.
3:
T2T +
JBut 10
=number minute spaces passed over by minute hand.

a; -
TT2" +10=4: (1)
Multiply (1) by 12
4-H120=124: (2)
Transposing in (2)
4—124:=—120 -
(3)
—113-120 (4)
Dividing by —11 in (4)

ar=1019A1.
Hence minute hand and hour hand will be together at
10.1%.1 minutes past 2.
10. (a) What is the effect of a negative sign before a
(b) How can an example in factoring be veri
ſºfton'
ea,
Ans.—(a) In clearing an equation of fractions the ef
fect of a negative sign before a fraction is to change the
sign of each term of the numerator of that fraction in the
resulting equation.
(b) An example in factoring can be verified as follows:
First, substitute a value or values for the letters in the
expression to be factored and find the numerical value of
the expression.
Second, substitute the same values for the letters in the
factors and find numerical value of each, and the product
of these values.
If the product thus obtained is the same number as the
value of the expression the correct factors have been ob
tained.
GRAMMAR.
1. Detail the steps in the development of a language
lesson based on a story or a poem in the fourth grade.
Ans.—1. Get a thorough understanding of each word,
and of each thought in the selection.
2. Tell the story in child's own words. -
3. See which pupil tells the best story, using words dif
ferent from those in the selection.
4. Have pupils give in their own language their views
about the selection, etc.
2. Write a paragraph, not to exceed 100 words, on the
subject of the Panama canal. (To be graded on com
position, punctuation and spelling.)
3. Define grammar, etymology, syntax.
Ans.— (a) The art and science of the proper use of lan
guage.
(b) That part of grammar which has to do with words
and their properties as parts of speech.
(c). Treats of words and phrases in sentences and their
sentence relations each to each.
4. Develop the true basis for the classification of words
into parts of speech.
STATE OF KANSAS 163
Ans.—Their meaning is the only basis.

Every word which names a person, thing, class, etc., is
a noun. -
Every word which expresses action, being, or state is
A verb, etc.
5. Write a complete analysis of this sentence: One
thorn of erperience is ºworth a whole wilderness of warn
ing. -
Ans.—Simple declarative sentence of which “thorn” is
the basis of the subject modified by “one,” a simple ad
jective element, and by “of experience,” an adjective
phrase, of which “of” is the relation word and “experi
ence” is the base.
“Is” is the copula. “Worth” is the predicate. “Wil
derness” is in the objective case, without a governing
word, and is modified by “a” and “whole,” two simple
adjective elements, and also by “of warning,” an adjective.
phrase, of which “of” is the relation word and “warn
-
ing” is the base. -
6. In the sentence in question 5 parse the following
words: Thorn, experience, worth, wilderness.
Ans.—“Thorn” is a noun, common, neuter, 3d person,
singular number, nominative case, subject of “is.”
“Experience” is a noun, common, neuter, 3d person, sin
gular number, objective case after preposition “of.”
“Worth” is an adjective, qualifying, used here as the
predicate of “thorn” after the copula “is.”
“Wilderness” is a noun, common, neuter, third person,
singular number, objective case after “worth” an “adjec
tive meaning value,” etc.
7. Parse the personal pronouns in the following sen
tence: But who can tell us who we aref
Ans.—Us, first person, plural number, gender undeter
mined, objective case after “can tell.” -
We, first person, plural number, gender undetermined,
nominative case, subject of “are.”
8. Illustrate in sentences the attributive, predicative and
the factitive relation of adjectives.
Ans.—(a) Good men are united.
(b) Hs is good.
(c) He made the water pure. ..
9. Illustrate in sentences five uses of the infinitive.
Ans.— (a) To err is human, nominative.
(b) To die is to live, predicate.
(c) He wishes to die, objective.
164 Col'NTY ExAMINATION QUESTIONS
(d) He told him to go, attributive.

(e) “To die, to sleep,” appositive.
10. Parse the verbs in the following sentence: They
set up their country as their idol, and proposed to them
selves the heroes of Plutarch as their examples.
Ans.—“Set" is a verb, irregular, transitive, active, in
dicative, past, third, plural, to agree with its subject
“they.” Some authorities parse “up” as an inseparable
part of the verb “set up.”
“Proposed,” verb, regular, transitive, active, indicative,
past, third, plural to agree with its subject “they.”
GEOGRAPHY.
1. Compare California and Florida as to climate, situ
ation, products, cities, surface and drainage.
Ans.—California: Climate, west of the Sierras
varies but little during winter and summer months;
east of the mountains hotter summers, colder winters,
and deficiency of rainfall prevail. The rainfall west of
the mountains occurs in winter months.
Situation, is narrow for its length and lies along the
Pacific ocean between 32° and 42° N. Lat. and 114° and
124° W. Long.
Products, one of the first states of the Union in wool,
wheat, and fruit, and exceeds all others in grapes, plums,
apricots; yields a large part of world's quicksilver and
% the United States' gold; valuable redwood lumber is
produced in its forests; manufactures flour, leather, lum
ber, wine, preserves, fruits, ships, refined cane sugar.
Cities, San Francisco amongst the 12 greatest cities of
the Union; Los Angeles, fast becoming its rival, on south
ern coast; Oakland, opposite San Francisco on the Bay, is
great railway terminal; Sacramento, agricultural center:
San Jose and Stockton, trade centers; San Diego has good
harbor. -
Drainage, a long, narrow valley between high ranges
is drained by two rivers, the Sacramento and San Joaquin,
which discharge into the Bay of San Francisco. Short
streams find their way down the west slopes of the Coast
Range to the Pacific.
Surface, fertile valley between high ranges, with a thick,
low range next the ocean.
Florida: .
Climate, long hot summers, short, temperate winters,
abundance of rainfall.
STATE OF KANSAS 165
Situation, peninsula between the Atlantic Ocean and the

Gulf of Mexico, lying between 25° and 31° N. Lat, and
80° and 88° W. Long.
Products, early vegetables, fruits, lumber, and cigars
manufactured from Cuban tobacco.
Cities, Jacksonville, winter resort, exports lumber and
oranges; Key West cigars and sponges; Tampa, cigars
and shipping point; St. Augustine, oldest town in United
States.
Drainage, sluggish rivers, with lake like expansions
along their course.
Surfaces Mainly low and marshy, especially the south
ern part, called “The Everglades.”
2. On a railroad journey from New York city to Chi
cago (name the line), through what states would you
pass, and what rivers and mountains, if any, would you
cross. Name at least three large citics on the linc.
Ans.—(a) Lines: New York Central and Lake Shore
& Michigan Southern.
States: New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana,
#.
Illinois.
(c) Rivers: Hudson, Mohawk, Genesee, Grand, Cuya
hoga, Vermillion, Sandusky, Portage, Maumee, Tiffin, St.
Joseph and St. Joseph's.
(d) Mountains: None,
(e) Cities: Buffalo, Syracuse, Cleveland.
it,
3. How would you, in the schoolhouse or out of
il
lustrate class crevasses, glaciers, and erosion?
to
a
Ans.—In the schoolhouse by stories, pictures, sand box.

by
Outside, calling attention streams, wind,

of
to to
action
sun, frost, rains, etc., and the configuration
of
the
country.
On voyage from Boston Copenhagen, over what
to
4.
waters would you sail, and what countries would you

pass?
Ans.—Waters: Massachusetts Bay, Atlantic Ocean,
English Channel, Strait Dover, North Sea, Skagerrack,
of
Cattegat.
Countries: United States, England, France, Belgium,
The Netherlands, Germany, Norway, Sweden, Denmark,
Name the three leading republics South America,
5.
in
the capital each, and the greatest city,

of
Give the chief

products of each republic.
Brazil, Rio
of
de
Ans.— (a) United States Janeiro

I66 COUNTY EXAMINATION QUESTIONs
capital and largest city; coffee, sugar, cotton, tobacco,

corn, cassava, rubber, cattle. -
(b) Argentina, Buenos Aires is capital and largest city;
products are: Wool, beef, mutton, hides, tallow, wheat.
corn. flax, sugar, grapes, and wines.
(c) Chile, Santiago is capital and largest city; products
are, gold silver, copper, coal, potassium nitrate, wheat.
barley, iodine, lumber, sheep, cattle, grapes and other
fruits.
6. To what countries do Formosa, Ceylon, Sicily, Ice
land, the Balearic Islands, and Corsica belong?
Ans.— (a) Japan. (b) Great Britain. (c) Italy. (d)
Denmark. (e) Spain. (f) France.
7. Where are the Pyrenees, Appenines and Carpathian
mountains? Give the general direction of the ranges.
Ans.—Pyrenees—Boundary between France and Spain,
almost east and west.
Appenines—Run almost the entire length of Italy, north
west and southeast.
Carpathians—Austria-Hungary, east and west and
northwest and southeast.
8. Name three of the chief products of Washington
(state), Colorado, Alabama, Minnesota, Virginia.
Ans.—Washington: Lumber, wheat, fruits.
Alabama : Cotton, sweet potatoes, corn, iron.
Minnesota: . Wheat, lumber, copper.
Virginia: Tobacco, peanuts, coal and iron.
9. On a trip in a boat from Manhattan, Kan., to Kansas
City what counties would you pass through or by ? Name
.
three of the largest cities you would pass, and three trib
utaries of the Kansas river.
Ans.—(a) Riley, Pottawatomie, Wabaunsee, Shawnee,
Jefferson, Douglas, Leavenworth, Johnson, Wyandotte.
(b) Topeka, Lawrence, and Kansas City.
(c) Big Blue, Delaware, Stranger, Vermilion on the
Mill Creek, Mission Creek and Wakarusa on the
south.
10. How would you earplaim to a class the difference be
tween a political and a physical map?
Ans.—By showing them both. and having them note
that the former can not be marked in nature, is arbitrary
and shifting, while the latter shows the heights. plains, wa
ter courses, valleys, currents of air and sea, etc.
STATE OF KANSAS 167

1. Give five reasons why you believe history should
be taught in the conſumon schools?
A:is.--To make better citizens out of pupils. To impart
information about the conditions under which we live. To
account, profitably for the public money spent in the
schools. To establish the relations existing between our
history and that of other times and countries. To fur
nish ideals and inspirations for larger manhood and wo
manhood.
2. Show how the work in geography and the work in
History may be correlated to advantage.
Ans.—By showing the effect of latitude, longitude, alti
tude, wind, ocean currents, harbors, mountains, rivers,
forests, etc., upon the activities and opportunities of man
individually and in nations. Also the contiguity of other
nations and states and the effect of their industries, gov
ernments, etc.; upon the country or state or people being
considered, etc., etc.
3. How did the defeat of the Spanish Armada affect
the settlement and future history of America?
Ans.—It made England the mistress of the seas, and
eliminated Spain from the great international contest for
settlement in North America between the French and
English.
4. By what right did Spain claim the Pacific coast of
North America? .
Ans.—By right of the discovery made by Balboa in 1513,
5. Define the territorial claims of England, France and
Spain before and after the French and Indian war.
Ans.—Before :
England—The country from Atlantic to Pacific.
France—St. Lawrence valley, the Great Lakes country,
-
the Mississippi and Ohio valleys. -
Spain—Florida.
. After:
England—All the country east of the Mississippi, in
cluding the St. Lawrence valley, the Great Lakes country
and Florida.
France Two small islands off Newfoundland.
Spain—New Orleans and the country west of the
º
Mississippi.
6. Give three remote and three immediate causes of
the Revolutionary War.
Ans.—Remote—Great Britain's colonial system and ideas
168 CotſNTY EXAMINATION QUESTIONS
of control of colonies. Great Britain's commercial systern

as shown in Acts of Trade, Navigation laws and Writs of
Assistance. Taxation without representation.
Direct—The Boston Tea Party, Boston Port Bill and
intolerable Acts. The declaration of the First Conti
mental Congress. The Battle of Lexington.
7. State three important mutters that were the cause of
debate in the constitutional convention.
Ans.—Basis of representation in the Senate and in the
House of Representatives. Counting the slave population
in determining representation in the House of Represen
-
tatives.
The regulation of commerce and of the foreign slave
trade.
8. Discuss the Monroe doctrine as to content and pur
pose.
Ans.—Content: The American continents were not to
be considered as subjects for future colonization by any
European power.
Purpose: Check the Holy Alliance of Europe in its
aggressions and proposed intervention.
Secure recognition of the independence of the Spanish
republics in South America by Great Britain.
Give the United States dominant voice in all Spanish
American states.
9. Name five American inventions that have been in
strumental in promoting the civilization of this country.
Ans.—The cotton gin, the steamboat, the sewing-ma
chine, the telegraph, the telephone.
10. Give two of the public policies that President Taft
announced in his speeches on his recent trip.
Ans.—Reclamation of arid lands by irrigation.
The improvement of internal waterways.
GENERAL HISTORY.
1. How did the invention of printing promote the
progress of liberty?
ns.—By placing information in the hands of the
masses of the people. By enabling thinkers and writers
to interchange thoughts and secure concerted action.
2. What do you understand by the terms, Long Parlia
ment, Protectorate, Puritan Literature, and Literature of
the Restoratrion f
Ans.— (a) The English Parliament which convened -
November 3, 1640, and lasted over 12 years.
STATE OF KANSAS 169
(b) The virtual dictatorship exercised by Cromwell

over England from 1653 to 1659.
(c) The body of writings which emanated from and
lighted up the English Revolution during the middle peri
od of the 17th century,
(d) The writings of the revolt against the sour ascetic
ism of Puritanism following the rule of Cromwell during
*I.
3.
reigns of the restored Stuarts, Charles II and James
How were the following-named persons connected

with the history of Europe: Catherine the Great, Marl
borough, Mirabeau, Richelieu, W. E. Gladstone?
Ans.— (a) “The greatest woman probably who ever
sat on a throne.” She was Empress of Russia from 1762
to 1796.
(b) One of the world's greatest soldiers. He was
Great Britain's general during the war of the Spanish Suc
cession (1701-1714).
(c) The leading statesman and orator who contended
for the establishment of a constitutional monarchy in
France during the early months of the Revolution.
(d) Cardinal and statesman, who was the real ruler
of France under Louis XIII from 1622 to 1642.
(e) Great Britain's greatest statesman, scholar and
philanthropist during the 19th century. He was premier of
the empire on several occasions.
4. What historical event does each of the following
suggest to you: Consulate, Gironde, Utrecht, Ryswick,
Brandenburg?
-Ans.— (a) Napoleon Bonaparte's assumption of power
in the French Republic.
(b) A district in France which furnished the leaders
of the conservative constitutional republicans at the be
beginning of the French revolution, hence their name,
Girondists.
its
(c) The Netherlands town which gave

to
name the
treaty peace signed there
of
at
of
the close Queen Anne's

war in 1713.
(d) The village Holland distinguished for the
in
treaty peace signed there 1697 terminating the strug

of
in
gle between William III England and his allics and

of
Louis XIV, known King William's war.

as
America
in
(e) small North German state which united with

A
the Duchy form the Prussian King

to
of
Prussia
in
1611
furnished the great House
of
dom. Hohenzollern and

It
170 Couxty ExAMINATION QUESTfox's
the still greater Frederick the Great to the world.

5. What causes led to the independence of Mexico and
of the South American Spanish colonies?
Ans.—Mainly the misrule and oppression of Spain; but
partly to the restlessness and instability of the colonists,
and the personal ambitions and avarice of their leaders.
6. Why are the following-named persons made promi
ment in the history of the world: Copernicus, Gutten
berg, Isaac Newton, Cervantes, Galileo?
ns.—Copernicus—The distinguished astronomer who
established the present theory of astronomy, which bears
his name, designating the sun as the center of the solar
system.
Guttenberg—Inventor of movable types for printing.
Isaac Newton–Discoverer of the law of gravitation.
Cervantes—The great Spanish Writer, author of Don
Quirote.
Galileo—Discoverer of earth's rotation on its axis and
inventor of the telescope.
7. In what parts of the world did the British, French
and Dutch nations struggle for supremacy in the eight
eenth century?
Ans.—America, Asia and Europe.
8. What was the condition of the people of France be
fore the revolution of 1789?
Ans.—Poor, ignorant, almost that of slaves. The
church, king and nobility were corrupt, shameless and op
pressive.
9. Give briefly the results of the war between Russia
and Japan. -
Ans.—Russia lost her commanding influence in Asiatic
affairs. Japan became the first nation of the Orient, se
cured a dominant influence in the affairs of Manchuria,
obtained one-half of the island of Sakhalin, and the re
spect and friendship of China. More significant and
valuable, however, was the position assumed by Japan in
the eyes of Europe and America, although accompanied
with a tremendous load of debt.
10. What use would you make of biography in teach
ing history?
Ans.—It is the key by which history is read rightly and
correctly interpreted. ºr. sum of the lives of the great
men who make the records of a nation is the history of
that nation.
..
. . . ...
st ATE or RAN'sAs 17].
...
Yºº
-
HISTORY OF KANSAs.
Name three other states, besides Kansas, which are
1.
in the Louisiana territory purchased from France.
Aws.-Nebraska, Iowa, Missouri.
Where are the following-named institutions: indus
2.
trial Reformatory, School for the Deaf, Industrial School

tºys.
irls?
School for the Blind, Industrial School for
Ans.—(a) Hutchinson.
(b) Olathe.
(c) Topeka.
(d) Kansas City,
(e) Beloit.
When was the first state primary under the new
3.
aw?
l
Ans.—August
4,
1908.
What connection had the following-named persons
4.
Douglas, Wil
A.
with the history Stephen
of
Kansas:
son Shannon, Thomas W. Barber, John A. Martin, Wm.
M. Peffer?
Ans.— (a) United States Senator from Illinois, who
was the author of the Kansas-Nebraska Bill.
(b) The second governor Kansas Territory,
of
(c) martyr, killed the “Wakarusa War.”

of in
A
(d) Tenth governor Kansas, (1885-1889).

(e) United States Senator from Kansas (1891-1897).
Name three noted Kansas poets; three noted Kansas
5.
prose writers.
Ingalls, Joseph Waters,
G.
Ans.—Poets: John
J.
Eugene
F.
Ware. E,
Prose: John Ingalls, William Allen White and
J.
W. Howe.
what county Kansas are important
In
or
counties
in
6.
settlements made by the following kamed people

:
French-Canadian, Swedes, Russian-Germans, Bohemians,

Mennonites?
Ans.—French Canadians: Cloud. -
Swedes: Saline, McPherson and Riley. -
Russian-German: Ellis and Russell,
Bohemians: Republic, Ellis and Rush,
Mennonites: Harvey, Marion and Reno.
At what two points Kansas did the Lewis and
in
7.
Clark earpedition campf

Ans.—At the mouth of the Kansas River within the
Kansas City.
of
of
present limits Near the present site

172 cousty ExAMINATION QUESTIONs
Atchison and at Independence Creek in Atchison County.

8. Give what you consider five of the most important
laws enacted in Kansas since 1900. -
Ans.—Board of Control, Primary Election, Railroad
Commission, Tax Commission, Anti-Pass.
9. From what sources does the permanent school fund
of Kansas come? What state officers have charge of the
fund?
Ans.—(a) From the rental and sale of school lands.
from the interest on the bonds of various municipalities
held by the fund, from fines and penalties paid for the
violation of certain statutes.
(b) Secretary of State, Attorney General, and State
Supt. of Public Instruction.
10. How would you get your pupils interested in the
history of the school district, township or county in which
they reside?
Ans.—By having old settlers and public men give talks
to them about such matters. Read selections, tell stories
and anecdotes, encourage the children to do the same,
and exhibit rare things in connection with such history.
Devote a part of general exercises and special days to
themes of local historical interest.
READING.
1. What is paraphrasing? Of what value is it?
Ans.— (a) The expanding a thought contained in a se--
lection, in one's own language.
(b) Clarifies thought, facilitates ease and grace of ex
pression, secures control and use of a vocabulary and of
sentence-making. -
2. How may the pupil be led to observe the appropriate

rate and time for reading a selection ?
Ans.—By talking over with him, until he appreciates
their relative value, the several ideas combined in the se
lection. Get him to both understand and feel the thoughts
and emotions and expression will follow.
3. How do you determine what words belong in each
group f -
Ans.—All those necessary to the particular thought or
4. Discuss the following topics: (a) Reading by sen
tences; (b) the value of mechanical directions.
Ans—(a) Is what the good reader must at last master.
The experience of this applicant, however, is that the
STATE OF KANSAS 173
word method affords all the mental grasp and reach pos
sible to the beginner.
(b) Of the least possible advantage, and almost surely
lead to thoughtless and monotonous sounding of mere
words.
5. Outline fully your plan of teaching the following
primer lesson:
These are my pansies.
I have large pansies.
Pansies are beautiful flowers.
Some of my pansies are small.
My pansies have green leaves.
Do you like pansies?
Ans—Learn the new words by plant, picture, blackboard
and objects if possible, such as pansies, flowers, large,
small, beautiful, green, leaves.
Combinations: My pansies, large pansies, small pan
sies, beautiful flowers, green leaves.
Tell stories about all the kinds of pansies, flowers and
Know each word, no matter where placed, and give the
leaves in the lesson. *
thoughts suggested by the selection. Spell all the words,
etc.
ORTHOGRAPHY,
cipher proselyte
omission enervate
asbestos fertile
sedentary polar
blamable medicinal
preference reversible
pageantry diocese
irksome - calcimine
revenue celery
paralysis cemetery
Occasion magnificent
porcelain chromatic
insomnia meander
Ans.—[For the applicant. See any dictionary.]
i.
6. Give diacritical markings of the following words:
Quay, familiar, indictment, critique, arctic,
7. Define cognate—Illustrate,
Ans.—(a) whose sounds are modified by the
174 county ExAMINATION QUESTIONS *
same organs of speech in a similar position.

(b). Labials, p, b, dentals, s, z; linquals, t, d; palatals, .
k, g, long.
8. Define orthography, abbreviation, roof, prefir, suffix.
Ans.--(a) Treats of letters, syllables, and words, and
teaches correct spelling.
(b) Putting a part of a word for the entire word.
(c) A word having its simplest English form, without
prefix or suffix.
(d) A syllable or word added to the beginning of a
word to modify its meaning.
(e) A syllable or word added to the close of another
word to modify its meaning.
9. Give erplanation of the following abbreviations: viz.,
ult, anon.
e.,
vol., i.
Ans.—Vol.-volume.
e.—(id est) that
is.
i.
ult.—(ultimo), last;
of
the fast month.
anon—anonymous.
10. Give three rules for spelling, and illustrate each.
Ans. Silent final retained when suffix beginning
is
e
a
with consonant added; base, basement.
is
a
In monosyllables ending
or
f,
in
the final letter
s,
is
doubled when preceded by l,
single vowel; bell, mill.
to a
When suffix added word eriding preceded
y,
in
is
a
a
by consonant, the changed try, trial.

to
is
y
a
;
i
PENMANSHIP.
How may the study
of
physiology and penmanship be

1.
correlated?
Ans.—The study physiology and penmanship may
of
be
by
correlated showing that the best position for writing

also the best position from physiological viewpoint,
is
and that cramped, stooped position

to
detrimental the
is
a
as
as
health well good penmanship.

to
hindrance
a
Write the lower loop letters and discuss your plans

2.
for teaching your pupils write them.

to
(For applicant.) Before writing the letters, well

it
is
pupils
to
have the notice the number spaces the loop

of
extends below the base line; also the width the loop.
of
How do you compare the work pen

of
your pupils
3.
in
manship for the purpose grading

of
Ans.—By correct position while writing; by legibility,

movement, form, slant, speed, etc.
STATE of RANSAS 17;
4. Write the following as a specimen of your penmaw

ship:
“Think naught a trifle, though it small appears;
Small sands the mountains, moments make the years,
And trifles life.” (For applicant.)

1. What exercises are well adapted to the cultivačen of
perception ?
Ans.—Object lessons, manual exercises, drawing, writ
ing, singing, each has its place in training sight, hearing,
touch, appreciation of beauty, harmony, accuracy and sym
metry of the things of the external world. -
2. Give three directions for cultivating the imagination.
Ans.—Read bits of well-chosen poetry, story, and ro
mance, and especially selections which make histery “the
living resurrection of the past.”
Use drawing as the means for inspiring a taste for and
knowledge of art in its allied forms of architecture, paint
ing, etc. Train in literary, composition, in short original
productions.
Provide frequent exercises in clay modeling, paper fold
ing etc.; in verbal description and pictorial illustrations;
in the visualizing of events and conditions in history,
geography, astronomy, etc., etc.
3. Give an illustration of (a) deductive reasoning; (b)
inductive reasoning.
Ans.—(a) Deductive : 1. All men have thumbs.
2. You are a man.
3. Therefore, you have two thumbs.
(b) Inductive: 1. Brown is a nan; Jones is a man;
Smith is a man; you are a man. I know a number of
tnen.
2. Brown, Jones, Smith, you and every man I know has
thumbs.
3. Hence, I arrive at the general conclusion that all
-
men have thumbs.
4. How is the child prepared for the gradual withdraw
ing of outside authority?
Ans.—By lessons of self-reliance; holding him individ
ually responsible for the order and discipline of the
school; requiring self-reports upon conduct, preparation
and understanding of work: inculcating lessons of self
control and self help and moral ideas of conscience and
176 couſNTY EXAMINATION QUESTIONS
its
superior control over conduct, the feelings and habit
of the will.
Give five reasons why satisfactory results are not
5.
obtained teaching reading.
in
Ans.—The child's capacity for interpreting thought ex
by
pressed upon the page another has not been developed.
His power expressive utterance en
or
of
deficient
is
tirely dormant.
Enough time not given for intelligent preparation
of
is
the recitation.
The interest of the class has not been aroused nor re
quired. -
The teacher gives more attention filling
to
the time
in
and “going over the assigned work,” than she does in
to
dividual thought-getting and expressing.
Enumerate the aids that the teacher may use teach
6.
in
ink systematic geography.
Ans.—Maps, globes, charts, diagrams, pictures, relief
maps, map drawing, clay, sand and papier-mache model
lings, rocks, soils, vegetation, etc., etc.
written recitation what further study should be
In
7.
words after they have been misspelled?

of
made
Ans.—They should rewritten by the pupil until the
be
secured, and should fu

be
correct form introduced
in
is
ture work until the mental picture

of
that form becomes
permanent and ineradicable. -
what portions the course would you place special
In
of
8.
emphasis on each the following aims writings (a)

of
in
legibility; (b) beauty; (c) speed and endurance?
Ans.— (a) From the earliest beginning until the last
moment of instruction.
*
See (b) on page
5.
(b) Legibility beauty; but the questioner seeks for

if
is
decorative effects, the pupil be

or
ornateness should
thoroughly proficient master legibility, speed and en a
of
seeking product
to
before embellish his with “fine

work.
equal importance with legi
of
(c) Speed never becomes

bility. Necessity can never require more than partial sur
a
legibility
to
speed.
of
render But the teacher should see

that muscles and brain are so correlated that the greatest
speed compatible with writing easily read secured. This
is
form and legibility are mas

be
as
as
should begun soon

In
tered. Endurance must keep pace with speed. mile

a
course, he who runs half the distance

40
seconds but
in
STATE OF KANSAS 177
consumes 40 minutes in finishing the race, will accomplish

nothing worth the endeavor.
9. How should the teaching of numbers from one to ten
#,rea
from the teaching of numbers from ten to one hun
Ans.—The learner must be taught to regard each num

ber below ten as made up of the number below together
it.
with one additional unit. Then, having learned the first
ten, he must proceed group by tens.
to
Eleven made
is
up one ten together with one unit; twelve, one ten and
of
so
two units; twenty-one, two tens and one unit, an on.
Thus he counts, three tens, three tens and one, three tens
and two, three tens and three, for 30, 31, 32, 33.
e.,
10. What work language training, language les
in
in i.
sons, would you give the grades which English
in
grammar taught?
is
Ans.—None directly, as sub
to
the time should be used
serve the purpose grammar teaching, viz., “the disciplin
of of
ing the powers thought; not training the right use

of
to
the English language, but the comprehension
of
of
the
the language.”
of
structure
(Dr. Smith’s “Systematic Methodology.”)
PHYSIOLOGY.
which grade should the study physiology andof
In
1.
hygiene Why?
be
introduced?
Ans.—By talks, simple experiments and observations on
body, etc., the earliest year
of
school life. For.

of
care
in
profitably be de
be
mal instruction by text-book may

ferred until the third and fourth years. These vital
things should be taught daily until knowledge
of
the
body and the practical care thereof become both constant
and habit.
a
What does schoolroom sanitation mean you?

to
2.
Ans.—Fresh, warm air; sunshine; abundance of light;

.
regulate and dis

so
as
arranged
to
windows and shades

light the best advantage; perfect ventilation,
of
to
pose
or
without stagnant, stale air and with no drafts currents

overheated air; clean floors,
of
or
either underheated
clean walls; good, pure water; wash-pans, towels, soap
;
clean-clothed, clean-toothed, clean face and hands, and

nails and hair well-kept for each child proper
of
in
seats
height before desks requirement, fact,
of
in
the same
cleanliness, sunshine, fresh air, good water and every
comfort without luxury.
178 county ExAMINATION QUESTIONs
3. Give your reasons for teaching or not teaching the

naznes of the bones in the human skeleton.
Ans.—Teach them. The child thus comes to know the
structure, position and relative use and importance of the
framework of his body.
4. Do you teach the subject of narcotics in such a
manner as to give the class convictions on it? Why?
Ans.—Yes, the applicant tries to so teach. Found a
habit of resistance upon conviction and no power can
prevail against
it.
Isthe argument well founded that pupils rural
in
5.
schools get enough school sports?
of
exercise outside
Give reasons for your answer.
Ans.—No, for such exercise frequently such qual
of
to is
ity quantity that
or
serves harm rather than benefit.
it
Exercise needs to
be so ordered and varied that all the
muscles and organs the body secure their respective
of
attention and use.
How may one correlate the teaching
of
morals with
6.
the study physiology and hygienef

of
Ans.—Better here than any other field. Show the

in
intemperance drink both upon
or
or
of
effects food
in
the nerves, the circulation, the brain, etc.; the necessity

sound body produce
of
to
sound mind sound
in
a
a
heart. Indigestion's dire effects upon temperament and
character, etc., etc.
What constitutes the nervous system?
7.
Ans.—The brains, medulla oblongata, spinal cord,

ganglia and nerves with all their ramifications, constitute
the cerebro-spinal system. The ganglia and nerve fibers,
the sympathetic nervous system.
you take ascertain whether your
do
What means
to
8.
pupils have defective sight? Hearing?

Ans.—(a) By testing them with various card type
varying distances, observing the distance
at
at
tests which
held for reading, noting the indications
of
the book
is
squinting, near-sight, astigmatism, etc. Giving colored

yarn tests for color-blindness.
as
(b) Mainly observation hearing

of
to
in
acuteness
the ordinary the schoolroom, with watch,
of
sounds
clock, etc., etc.
What precauti ons should one having tuberculosis
9.
take?
Ans.—He should not use the same utensils for eating
and drinking that others use. He should keep
in
the
STATE OF KANSAS 179
open air and sunshine; sleep out of doors; eat plenty of

good, nourishing food, and take goodly walks daily. He
should carry with him a receptacle to receive his sputa,
which he should destroy by burning at the end of the day.
10. State reasons for abandoning the common drink
ing cup.
Ans.—The one public drinking cup was the medium of
transmitting germs of the various diseases from unclean
mouths and lips.
UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION,

1.Can a member of the Senate or House of Repre
sentatives hold any Federal office? Give a reason for
3your answer.
Ans. (a) No.
(b) Section 6, Clause 2, of the Constitution prohibits
was inserted, probably, prevent bargains and un
to
it.
It
derstandings between the Executive and members Con
of
so
as
gress, keep the two branches practically separate

to
.
and independent.
given the right lay any duties on
be
Can
to
2.
state
a
imports?
Ans.—In granting power
to
the individual states, the

constitution (Art. says:
2)
1,
Section 10, Clause

“No state shall, without the consent Congress, lay any
of
imposts duties on imports exports, except what may

or
or
absolutely necessary for executing its inspection laws;

be
and the net produce all duties and imposts, laid

of by
any
of
state on imports exports, shall

be
for the use

or
the
treasury the United States; and, all such laws shall
of
be
subject the Congress.”
of
to
the revision and control

In
defining powers Congress:

of
But all duties, imposts and excises shall

be
uniform
throughout theUnite Art.
1,
of 8,
Section Clause
1. 1.
States.”
d
by
What following part

3.
is
meant the section

article IV: “Full faith and credit shall given
be
in
each
state the public acts, records and judicial proceedings
to
every other state.”

of
Ans.—That the acts any state legislature, that state's

of
wills, deeds, etc., and the orders and judg

of
records
by
given the same credit ev

of
be
ments its courts shall

by
ery other state that given

to
the state which

in
is
them
they belong.
What limitations are placed upon Congress
in
4.
the
admission of new states?
180 County ExAMINATION QUESTIONS
Ans. No new state can be formed or erected within the

jurisdiction of any other state; nor by the junction of two
or more states, or parts of states, without the consent of
all state legislatures concerned as well as of Congress.
5. Should the President, after the adjournment of the
senate appoint some one to fill a vacancy, how long could
the person so appointed hold the office?
Ans. Until the end of the next session of Congress.
6. To whom do the powers, not delegates to the United
States by the Constitution, belong?
Ans. If not prohibited by the Constitution to the
states, “to the states respectively, or to the people.” (See
10th Amendment.)
7. What is meant by habeas corpus? In what cases
may it be suspended.
Ans.—Literally, “you mav have the body.” It is a writ
sued out by or for one who claims to be illegally deprived
of his liberty.
(b) Only when in cases of rebellion or invasion the
public safety may require such suspension.
8. What are the limitations upon the power of the
President in making appointments and treaties?
Ans.—(a) He makes appointments by and with the ad
vice and consent of the Senate.
(b) Two-thirds of the Senators present must concur in
treaties in order to give such treaties the force of law.
9. What are the penalties in case an official impeached
is convicted?
Ans.—Removal from office and disqualification from
holding and enjoying any office of honor, trust or profit
under the United States.
10. How would you illustrate to a class the difference
between a constitution and statutes?
Ans.—By showing that the former is the enactment of
the people, and therefore is the law which creates the
legislature and defines and limits its powers. The stat
ute is the enactment of the will of the legislature re
stricted and limited by the constitution. The latter has
no force unless it be in harmony with the former, and
may be repealed by the legislature. The former may be
amended only by the people.
St.ATE OF KANSAS 181
LITERATURE.
1. What two objects should be sought in the study of a
literary selection? -
Ans.—The thought and beauty of the selection, and its
effect upon the character of the learner.
2. State what you consider to be the relative importance
of the study of literature in the course of study of the
common schools.
Ans.—It is the most important of all the branches pur
sued because it has so much to do with forming mental
habits and creating standards and ideals of life and char
acter.
3. Write a brief sketch of either Longfellow or Irving.
Ans.—Henry Wadsworth Longfellow was born in Port
land, Maine, in 1807; was graduated from Bowdoin Col
lege in 1825; on graduation was offered the professorship
of modern languages; traveled for study in France, Spain,
Italy and Germany; served in this capacity at Bowdoin
for five years; offered the same chair in Harvard; studied
in Europe for one and one-half years; served in Harvard
for eighteen years, resigning in 1855; was one of the ripest
scholars in the languages, and one of America's greatest
poets. His most noted poems are Evangeline, Hiawatha,
The Golden Legend, The Iivine Tragedy, The New Eng
land Tragedies, The Translation of Dante's Divine Com
edy, and many shorter poems, such as The Courtship of
Miles Standish, etc. He died March 24, 1882, at Cam
bridge, Mass.
4. Which story do you like the better, “Rip Van Win
kle” or “Legend of Sleepy Hollow?” Tell your reasons
for the preference.
Ans.— (a) Rip Van Winkle.
(b) It is more compact, telling as much of a story in
half the number of pages. It is far more dramatic, the ac
tion is quicker and truer, as is shown by its ready adapta
bility to the stage. Its wit and humor are more spontan
eous, do not seem to be drilling for effect. Rip seems to
be a real, lovable person, while Ichabod impresses the
reader as being a caricature.
5. Does the poem “Evangeline” teach anything? If so,
what?
Ans.— (a) Yes.
(b) The constancy of a good woman's love, and the
peaceful joy that belongs to the religious life of a simple
honest people.
6. Tell briefly the plot of the story of “Rip Van Win

k le.”
Ans.—Rip was a good-natured, lazy fellow who liked to
loaf about the tavern and hunt squirrels in company with
his dog Wolf. His wife did all the work, but was not
One day he wandered off into the Kaatskill hunting, and

lay down in a valley to rest. Some old Dutchmen, ghosts
of the “Half-moon” expedition, came there to bowl, and
induced Rip to partake of their liquor. Twenty years
passed before he awoke from the sleep caused by that
quor. He made his way back to the village, found his wife
li
dead, his daughter married, the country a republic instead
of a dependency of King George III, and himself forgot
ten. After convincing the villagers that he was really Rip,
he made his home with his daughter and her husband, de
voting his time to sleeping, eating, smoking and telling his
story of the enchanted sleep.
7. Give a description of the early schoolhouse and the
early schoolmaster as revealed in the story of “Legend
-
of Sleepy Hollow.”
Ans.—School House: , “A low building of one large
room, rudely constructed of logs; the windows partly
glazed, and partly thatched with leaves of old copy-books.
It was most ingeniously secured at vacant hours by a
withe, twisted in the handle of the door, and stakes set
against the window shutters”—“stood in a rather lonel
but pleasant situation, just at the foot of a woody hill,
with a brok running close by, and a formidable birch tree
growing at one end of it.”
Schoolmaster: “The cognomen of Crane was not inap
plicable to his person. He was tall, but exceedingly lank,
with narrow shoulders, long arms and legs, hands that
dangled a mile out of his sleeves, feet that might have
served for shovels, and his whole frame was most loosely
hung together. His head was small and flat on top, with
huge ears, large, green glassy eyes, and a long, snipe nose,
so that it looked like a weathercock perched upon his
spindle neck, to tell which way the wind blew.”
8. Name three selections written by Irving and three
written by Longfellow other than the selections mentioned
in this earamination.
STATE OF KANSAS 183
Ans.—Irving : Westminster Abbey, The Wife, The

Widow's Son.
Longfellow: The Village Blacksmith, A Psalm of Life,
-
Excelsior.
PHYSICS.
(Omit two of the following questions.)
1. For bodies above the surface of the earth how does
the force of gravity vary with the distance from the cen
ter of the earth?
Ans.—Decreases as the square of the distance increases.
2. How does the time of vibration of the pendulum
vary with the length?
Ans.—The time of vibration at any one place varies as
the square root of the length.
3. Distinguish between kinetic and potential energy.
Ans.—Kinetic, the capacity of doing work possessed by
a body by virtue of its motion. •
Potential, the energy possessed by a body by virtue of
its position with reference to some other body, or by vir
tue of the relative positions of its parts.
Thus, a body thrown vertically upward possesses
kinetic energy at the beginning of its ascent, because
-
of
its motion.
A coiled spring, a bent bow, a wound weight in a
clock, a stone resting on a shelf above the earth's surface
are each possessed of potential energy due to position,
which will be converted into kinetic energy as soon as
set in motion.
4. The length of an incline plane is four feet and its
elevation is eight inches. What power applied parallel to
the slope will keep a load of 900 pounds from moving
down the plane?
Ans.—Power times length of plane is equal load times
the vertical height of plane.
P.X48 in.—900X8 in.
6 P.-900 lbs.
P.=150 lbs., Ans.
5. Upon what law of fluids is the hydraulic press con
structed?
Ans.—Pascal's Law. Pressure exerted on any given
area of a fluid enclosed in a vessel is transmitted un
diminished to every equal area of the interior of that
vessel.
6. What is the nature of heat?
Ans.—It is the energy of the molecular motion of mat

ter. It be transferred from one body of matter to
can
another, or it can be transferred into other forms of en
ergy, as light, electricity, etc.
7. How can it be shown that a tuning-fork is vibrating
when it is producing sound?
Ans.—While it is sounding touch one prong to the sur
face of water. The water will be disturbed in conten
tric widening circles set in motion by the vibrating prong.
8. By a drawing locate the image when the object is
between the center of curvature and focus.
Ans.—[For the applicant. Ed.]
9. Ea'plain the production of the prismatic colors by
means of a prism.
Ans.—The white beam of light is composed of rays hav
ing different degrees of refrangiblity. Upon passing through
a refracting medium the beam is separated into successive
bands of the several colors (violet, indigo, blue, green, yel
low, orange and red) which may be received upon a screen
for study or use. A prism is such a refracting medium and
is that portion of a transparent substance lying between
two intersecting planes. Dew-drops, falling rain drops,
;
triangular pieces of glass, bottles filled with a transpar
ent fluid, etc., are illustrations of prisms.
What is the theory of lightning and the lightning
rod £
Ans.—That the clouds and the earth are charged with
opposite electrical polar phenomena; that trees, houses,
barns, etc., which run high up into the air bring the oppo
sitely charged electricity of the earth close to the clouds,
and finally the two come so near that the tense, electricity
jumps from cloud to earth and from earth to cloud. The
metallic lightning-rod is an excellent conductor, and the
electrical discharge follows its course, and does no dam
age or injury to the house.
11. What is meant by the polarization of a cell and
how may it be prevented?
Ans.— (a) The gathering of a film of hydrogen over
the positive plate obstructs the flow of the current and
also diminishes the electromotive force of the cell. This
is polarization.
(b) The remedies are: 1. Roughening the positive
plate to lessen the adhesion of the gas. 2. The use of
some oxidizing agent, as nitric acid, chromic acid, etc., etc.
STATE OF KANSAs 185
12. Explain in general terms the action of the trans

mitter in telephoning.
Ans.—Sound-waves striking the diaphragm set it in yi
bration, and cause alternating currents to flow through
its helix and the external circuit. These currents operate
the receiving telephones.
BOOKKEEPING.
1. Define bookkeeping, resource, liability.
Bookkeeping is a systematic method of recording busi
ness transactions. -
A resource is something of value belonging to the busi

ness, such as cash, bills receivable, or accounts receivable.
A liability is a debt which the business owes.
2, 3, 4, 5. Journalize, post, make trial-balance; find loss
and gain:
July 1–Began business with cash, $500; merchandise,
$1,000.
July 2.-Sold to F. Arnold, on account, merchandise, $45.
July 5.-Sold to J. Smith, merchandise, $140. Received
in payment, cash, $40; his note for balance.
July 6.—Sold for cash, merchandise, $200.
July 7.—Bought merchandise, $300. Gave my note for
same.
July 8-Paid rent in cash, $50.
July 9.-J. Smith paid his note of 5th in cash.
July 9.-Sold my stock of merchandise for cash, $900.
JULY 1, 1909.
150000
2
45 00
14000
6
200 00
7
300 00
50 00
10000
:
90000
PROPRIETOR.
-
July
---
| 9 || Net Loss 65 00|| July | 1 150000
Pres, with 1435 00||_|_
- 150000 150000
July |10 Pres. W'th 143500
CASH.
July
;
6
* %
200 00
July 8 | 50 00
9 10000
9 900 00 |
MERCEIANDISE.
July 100000||July
** |
| 1
§§
2 45 00
7
| :
---
--- 130000
9
9
-
Loss
| 900 00
15 00
130000
F. ARNOLD.
* *|
July 45 00
|*|
2
| | | | | |
BILLS RECEIVABLE.
July * |wº lºwly 9 |
|
| 10000
i
BILLS PAYABLE.
| | | |
EXPENSE.
|uly | | **
July 8
| | | **I'viv 9 ||
|
Loss |
|
50 00
LOSS & GAIN.

July
July
-
--- 9 Mdse.
| 9 || Expense
1500 ||
50-00
65 00
July 9 Net Loss 65 00
65 00
TRIAL BALANCE.
---- -- -- 150000
Éprietor.
Cash . 174000 50 00
Mdse. 130000 || 128500
45 00
###
S Pay. 300 00
Expense.. - 50 00
313500 || 3185.00
Corrections.—On Page116,the answerunder Question9, should
be under Question8, and the following answer underQuestion9.
On Page43,Answer 8, the word irregular referring to seems
should be regular
On Page44, in Answer 2, “and the Medical Department, State
University,” and “through Argentine where there is a silver refin
ery,” should be omitted.
COUNTY
Examination Questions,
rare OF Kawas.
January, 79/O, to October, /9/O.
UDITH ANVUUERJ.
No. 18.
To PEKA, KANs. :
JOHN MIAC DON A LID.
1911.
Entered according to act of Congress in the year 1911,by
Joh N MACDoNALD,
In the office of the Librarian of Congress.
- -- -- at Washington.
- - - -
Index.
PAGES
ExAMINATIon January 28 and 29, 1910. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1–29
-4
June 24 and 25, 1910. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30–61
(( :
July 1 and 2, 1910. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62–94
*-
July 29 and 30, 1910. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95–126
*-
August 19 and 20, 1910. . . . . . . . . . . . 127–158
**
October 28 and 29, 1910. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159–192
ARITH METIC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 30, 65, 95, 127, 159

A LGEBRA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3, 33,62, 96, 128,
160
GRAMMAR. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6, 42, 79, 121, 131, 190
GEOGRAPHY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44, 86, 117,
9, 134, 164
UNITED STATEs History. . . . . . . 11, 37, 71, 106, 137, 167
GENERAI, HIsto RY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13. 40, 92, 115, 140, 182
KANs As Histo RY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14, 35, 76, 113, 142, 179
READING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16, 56, 88, 105, 144, 171
ORTHoGRAPHY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17, 52, 82, 112, 145, 172
PENMANSHIP. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18, 61, 69, 109, 146, 173
THEoRY AND PRACTICE. . . . . . . . . . . 18, 48, 78, 119, 157, 180
PHYSIoiloGY... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21, 54, 70, 108, 146, 174
United States Constitution..... 22, 47.75, 10, 149, 169
LITERATURE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22. 59, 67, 100, 151, 187
PHYSICs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25, 50, 90, 103,153, 185
Bookk EPING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28. 57, 83, 124, 155, 176
STATE OF KANSAS
-
COUNTY EXAMINATION QUESTIONS.—KANSAS.
January 28, 29, 1910.
ARITHMETIC.
1. By means of a divided rectangle illustrate and explain
*—"—"
the multiplication of 33 by %.
I)
--- X
K
A\–N-'B –*E %
Ans.—A E. F. G is a square inch.
A B H G is 94 of A. E. F. G and
A B C D is % of A B H G, that is
A B C D is % of $4 of the square.
The small rectangle a is $42 of the square and it is seen
that A B C D contains 6 rectangles the size of
of ar.
Hence
the square. Therefore
34
94
of
of
A
D
C
is
942
B
1
square inch equals 942 Square inch, or
of
1
%X%=%2.
The square many equal
as
divided into
A
F
E
is
G
parts the product

as
of
there are units the denomina

in
many these equal parts

be
tors and there will

as
of
in
the
rectangle the product of
as
there are units

in
A
D
C
B
the numerators.
by
Hence the fractions may multiplied writing the

be
product the numerators over the product the de

of
of
nominators.
scale drawing land; divide
of
of
Make section
2.
of it
a
e.,
into farms and give the description

(i.
the location)
each within the section.
[For the applicant.]
Multiply four hundred twenty-eight and seven hun
3.
by
dredths thirty-five thousandths.

SoLUTION.
428.07
.035
214035
128421
14.98.245 -
4. How high is a house that casts a shadow 120 feet long

at the moment when a stick six feet high casts a shadow
20 feet long f
SoLUTION.
The ratio of the shadows of the stick and house will
equal the ratio of their heights.
20: 120-6:4:
6X120
20
–36
high.
ft.
Therefore the house is 35
farmer plows strip one rod wide around rectan
A
5.
a
gular wheat field forty rods by eighty rods. How many
acres does he plow?
There are two strips rods long and
80
SoLUTION. rod
1
wide and two strips 38 rods long and rod wide.
1
This equivalent strip long
to
236 rods and rod

or is
one
1
wide, 236 square rods.
236 sq, rds.-11940 A.
An agent's commission, two and one-half per cent
at
6.
on certain collection amounted What was the

to
$97.16.
a
of
amount the collection?

SoLUTION.
Let B–the number of dollars collected.
.025XB–$97.16
B=$97.16––.025
=$3,886.40.
Therefore the amount collected was $3,886.40.
Point out the relation between decimal fractions and
7.
percentage.
Decimals supply another way writing,
or
be of
of
Ans.
reading, per cents. Thus per cent can written .06 and
6
read six hundredths.

simple interest eight per
In
what time will $475

at
at
8.
cent produce $142.50?

Solution. Interest on $475 8% for yr.–$38.
at
$142.50–$38=3.75.
STATE OF KANSAS 3
Therefore $475 will produce $142.50 interest at 8% in 3

yrs. 9 mos.
9. A man sold his farm for $12,000, which was twenty
five per cent more than he paid for it? .
SoLUTION.
Let C=the number of dollars in cost.
1.25×C=$12,000.
C=$12,000+1.25
=$9,600. -
Therefore the man paid $9,600 for his farm.
10. The top of a tree broken off thirty feet above the
ground strikes the ground forty feet from the stump.
How high was the tree?
SoLUTION. The tree thus broken off forms with the
ground a right triangle of which the base and altitude
are given.
H=VP2 EB2
=V302-E402
=V2500
=50
30+50–80.
Therefore the tree was 80 feet high.
ALGEBRA.
1. Define: (a) coefficient; (b) equatien; (c) term;
(d) factor; (e) expression.
Ans.—(a) Each of the factors of a number, or the
product of any number of factors, is called the coefficient
of the rest of the term.
(b) An algebraic equation is a statement that the nu
merical values of two expressions are the same.
(c) A term of an algebraic expression is a combination
of number symbols not separated by the signs -H or —.
(d) A factor of a number, is one of two or more num
bers, which, when multiplied together, will produce the
number.
(e) An algebraic expression is a combination of num
ber symbols connected by any of the symbols of operation.
2. Solve: The sum of three numbers is 80. The second
is three times the first, and the third is twice the second.
What are the numbers?
4 County Ex. MINATION QUESTIONS
SoLUTION.
Let r=the first number.
Then 3r=the second number.
And 6.r=the third number.
Then ar-i-3++6+=the sum of all.
But 80=the sum of all.
a'-H3++6+=80 (1)
10.4:-80 - - (2)
Dividing (2) by 10
4--8 (3)
Then 3r=24 and 6a–48. -
Therefore the required numbers are 8, 24, and 48.

3. Find the product of the following: (%ar-H /ábar”–H
% crº) (%aw-H4%ba”-H 4ca3).
SoLUTION. By the rule for the square of a polynominal:
(%ar-H 9%br?--'4 caré) (9% ar—H /á brº-H.34 cars)
=% - a”.rº–H3% *::::A;
%bcarº.
c2a 6–1–3%abrº–H 4 aca.4
4. Factor: (a) m”—n”—(nvi-w)?, (b) aº—t b%–4-a-Hb.

SoLUTION.
(a) m”—n”—(m—n)*=(m”—n”)—(m—n)?
= (m—n) [(m+n)–(m—n)]
= (m—n) (m+n—ºn-Hin)
= (m—n) (2n)
=2n (m—n).
(b) a 3–1–bº–Ha-Hb==(a8+b3)+ (a+b)
= (a+b) [ (a?—ab-Hb?)-1-1]
= (a+b)(a’—ab-Hb2+1).
5. Find the H. C. F. :
(a) (++-3) (4.2–4), a 2–1–54-H6,
(b) a 9–84-H15, 42–34—10.
SoLUTION. -
(a) (r–H3) (4.2–4)= (a+3) (4-1-2) (4-2)
a 2–H54-H6= (++-3) (Ar–H2)
H. C. F. is (++-3) (r-H2).
(b) ar”—84-H15–(4–5) (4–3)
.r”—3r—10=(4–5) (4-H2)
H. C. F. is ar—5.
5a?—
(25a”—9 —1)2
(b—1)
6b—10a—6
STATE OF RANSAS
SoLUTION.
25a”—9(b–1)* [5a-H3(b-1)] [5d-3(b-1)]
6b–10a–6 2 (3b–5a–3)
_ (5a-H3b-3) (5a-3b-H3).
-
2 (3b—5a–3)
=—% (5a-H3b—3).
7- Simplify:
2 z_2 3—b$ a (b–1
(a”—ab-i-b
a-Hb
-
)×(1+2– b
Solution.
-
3—b3 a (b—1
2_0"Tº
(*-at-Hºº-ººr; )×( 1+2–=; )
- gº-Hbº-sº-Hbº
a-Hb
X b-Hab–ab-Ha
b
253 a-Hb
– H-X=#
=2b2
*** *-*.
S.
SoLUTION.
to...
Solve the equation:
*-* =
T -º
-
++% 4-1
ar—% T *-33 (1)
Simplify each number
3r–H1 3r—3
34-2 T 3r–4 (2)
Clearing of fractions in (2)
9x2–94–4=942–154-H6 (3)
Transposing terms in (3)
64-10 (4)
- Dividing (4) by 6
4-173.
9. Divide A, B, and C, giving to B two
** irds and to$88C between
three-sevenths as much as to A
SoLUTION.
Let 21+=number of dollars in A's share.
Then 144–number of dollars in B's share.
And 9.1-number of dollars in C's share.
Then 21++14++0.r=number of dollars for all.
But 88=number of dollars for all.
6 couxTY rxAMINATION QUESTIONS

21++14++94–88 (1)
44+=88 (2)
.r-2 (3)
Then 21 r=42, 144-28, and 9 r=18.
Therefore A's share is $42, B's is $28 and C's is $18.
10. State the difference between algebra and arithmetic.
Ans.—Arithmetic employs figures only to stand for num
Algebra employs both figures and letters as number

symbols.
Arithmetic recognizes only positive numbers.
Algebra recognizes both positive and negative numbers.
GRAMMAR AND COMPOSITION.

1. Decline the personal pronoun of the second person.
Singular.
Ans.—The solemn form 1n the singular has a much
Nom, You.
Poss., Your or yours.
Obj., You.
Plural
You.
Your or yours.
You.
more pronounced inflection.
Singular
Nom., Thou.
Poss., Thy or thine.
Obj., Thee.
2. Write (a) the possessive plural of the word horse;
(b) write possessive feminine, singular
- and plural, of the
word sir.
Ans. (a) Horses' (s followed by an apostrophe. In the
singular, the possessive is written horse’s.)
(b) Singular, Miss’ or madam’s.
Plural, Misses' or madams'.
3. Classify each of the following sentences according
to forms (a) Another name is added to the roll of those
whom the world will not let willingly die. (b) Under
a serene sky General Grant laid down his life and the na
tion wept. (c) . The path to his tomb is worn by the
feet of innumerable pilgrims. (d) The lips of slander
are silent, and even criticism hesitates, lest some incau
STATE OF KANSAS 7
tious word word should mar the history of the modest,

gentle, magnanimous warrior.
Ans.— (a) Complex declarative.
(b) Compound declarative.
(c) Simple declarative.
. (d) Compound declarative, of which the first member
is simple and the second member is complex.
4. Select from the sentences in question three (a) two
transitive verbs and the object of each; (b) one verb in
the passive voice; (c) one verb in the potential mode.
Ans. (a) “Will let,” object is “whom;” “should mar,”
object is “history;”
(b) “Is added.”
(c) “Should mar.”
5. Write the principal parts of the verbs in sentence b
and in sentence c in question three.
Ans.— - -
Sentenceb:
Pres. Past. Participle
lay lay laid
weep wept wept
Sentence c:
—
Wear WOre WOril
6. Analyze sentence a in question three.
Ans.—Complex declarative sentence, of which “Another
those” is the principal, and “when
die” is the subordinate member. “Name” is the subject
of the principal member, modified by “another,” a simple
adjective element. “Is added' is the basis of the predi
cate modified by “to the roll of those,” an adverbial ele
ment of which “roll” is the base modified by “thc,” an ad
jective element and by “of those” an adjective phrase,
“to” is the relation word. “Those” is the base of the
adjective phrase and “of” is the relation word. “Those”
is further modified by the subordinate clause, an adjective
element. “Whom” is the connecting word of the subor
dinate clause. “World” is the subject of the subordinate
clause modified by “the" an adjective element. “Will let”
is the base of the predicate, modified by “not” and “will
ingly” two simple adverbial elements, and by “whom (to)
die” of which “whom” is the principal and “(to) die’ the
attributive object. “Whom” is the subject of “(to) die.”
7. Compare the adjectives many; late; different.
S COUNTY ExAMINATION QUESTIONS
Ans. -
Pos. Comp. Superl.
many more most
late later, or latter latest,
or last
different more different most different
8. Analyze one of the following sentences: (a) Honor
thy father and thy mother that thy days may be prolonged
on this earth. (b) Lafayette, the friend of Washington
and America, visited this country in 1824.
Ans. (b) Simple declarative sentence, of which “La
fayette” is the subject, modified by the adjective apposi
tive phrase “the friend—America,” of which
“friend” is the base modified by the adjective element
“the" and by the adjective phrase “of-America”
is the compound base and “of” is the relation word. “Vis
ited” is the base of the predicate modified by “country”
an objective element, “country” is modified by “this,” an
adjective element; “visited” is further modified by the ad
verbial phrase ‘in 1824,” of which “1824” is the base and
“in” is the relation word.
9. Parse the italicized words
- in the sentences in ques
tion eight.
Ans. Honor, a verb, regular, transitive, active, impera
tive, second, singular, to agree with its subject you under
stood. Thy, second personal pronoun, singular, to agree
with antecedent, the person spoken to, possessive case,
modifies “father and mother.” That is a conjunction join
ing subordinate clause to the principal clause. Earth,
noun, common, neuter, 3d sing., objective, object of re
lation expressed by “on.” Lafayette, noun, proper,
masculine, 3d sing., nominative, subject of “vis
ited.” Friend, noun, common, masculine, 3d. sing., nom
inative case by apposition with Lafayette. Visited, re
gular, transitive, active, indicative, past, 3d. sing. to agree
with its subject “Lafayette.”
10. State fully and in detail how you would handle the
following selection as a dictation exercise in Grades 7 or
8: “I have faith, therefore, in the future, and when, at
the close of this half-century, which so comparatively few
of us are to see, the account shall again be taken, and the
question asked, “What has New York done since 1850?” I
have faith that the answer will be given in a city still ad
vancing in population, wealth, morals, and knowledge; in
a city free, and deserving, by her virtues, her benevolent
STATE OF KANSAS 9
institutions, her schools, her courts, and her temples, to

continue free, and still part and parcel of this great and
glorious Union, which may God preserve till time shall
be no more.”
GEOGRAPHY.
1.How are icebergs and glaciers formed?
Ans.—Glaciers are rivers of ice which flow by their im
mense weight from high latitudes or altitudes, having
-
momentum of Titanic power.
Icebergs are formed by a glacier encountering water
and are great mountains of ice breaking away from the
mass of the glacier, and floating in the sea.
2. Why is it that the harbor of Hamerfest, Norway,
though in the same latitude as northern Alaska, is free
from ice in the winter?
Ans.—Because of the moderating influence of the Gulf
Stream, Hamerfest, 70° 40', the most northernly seaport
in the world, boasts a harbor which is always open.
3. Give some similarities between North and South
America as to shape, coast lines, drainage, and trend of
mountain ranges.
Ans—Both are broad in the north and run to a point
in the south. Their Atlantic coast lines are more broken
with inlets than are their Pacific. Their great river sys
tems trend mainly north and south, and their mountain
ranges take the same general direction.
4. On a voyage from New York to New Orleans, what
states, important bays, capes, and mouths of rivers would
you pass?
Ans-States: New York, New Jersey, Delaware, Mary
land, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia,
Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana.
Bays: New York, Delaware, Chesapeake, Apalachee,
Mobile.
Capes: May, Henlopen, Charles, Henry, Hatteras,
Lookout, Fear, Canaveral, Sable, Romano, St. George, .
San Blas.
Mouths of Rivers: Cape Fear, Peedee, Santee, Savan
nah, Ogeechee, Altamaha, St. Johns, Appalachicola,
Perdido, Pearl, Mississippi.
5. Give the form of government and prevailing religion
10 COUNTY ExAMINATION QUESTIONS
in the following-named countries: Russia, Greece, Brazil,

Japan, Mexico, China, Chili, Switzerland.
Ans.—Empire, Greek Catholic; kingdom, Greek Cath
olic; republic, Roman Catholic; empire, Buddhists and
ancestor-worshippers; republic, Roman Catholic; empire,
Buddhism and Confucianism; republic, Roman Catholic;
republic, mixed Protestant and Roman Catholic.
6. Compare the state of Maine with the state of Wash
ington as to coast line, rivers, chief cities, climate, and
.
industries.
Ans. Coast line: Maine, deeply indented, with numer
ous harbors, of which Portland is famous. Washington,
not so many, but Puget Sound affords some of the finest
in the world. -
Rivers: Maine has many rivers and numerous lakes.
Washington has not so mnay, but the great Columbia is
one of the world's great rivers.
Chief Cities: Maine: Portland, 50,000; Lewiston, 24,000;
Bangor, 22,000; Biddeford, 16,000; Bath, 11,000. Wash
ington: Seattle, 81,000; Tacoma, 38,000; Spokane, 37,000.
Climate: Maine, severe, almost bleak in winter. Wash
ington, mild in two-thirds of the state, moist, and little
difference in summer and winter temperatures. The re
maining one-third is dry with hotter summers and colder
winters.
Industries: Maine, lumber, granite, herring, cod and
sardine fisheries, ship building woolen and cotton goods,
boots and shoes. Washington, lumber, coal, wheat, hops,
fruits, salmon fisheries.
7. Where and what is Danish America? Give briefly
some information regarding its people, climate and moun
tal?ts.
Ans.— (a) The island continent of Greenland, and the
small island Iceland.
(b) People: Greenland, very few, mostly Eskimos;
Iceland, mostly Northmen from Europe.
Climate: Severe, pitiless cold in Greenland. Iceland
has a raw, moist climate moderated by winds from the sea
in the south.
Mountains: Greenland is covered by an ice cap, and
it is not positively known it is a single body of land. Ice
land is a rugged plateau broken with many volcanoes.
8. Name three great manufacturing states, in the United
States; three mining states; three agricultural states; and
give the chief products of each group.
STATE OF KANSAS 11
Ans.—Manufacturing: Massachusetts, New York,

Pennsylvania. Woolen, cotton, leather and iron manufac
tures.
Mining: Pennsylvania, Colorado, Montana. Iron, coal,
petroleum, gold, silver, copper.
Agriculture: Iowa, Illinois, Minnesota. Corn, wheat,
etc.
9. What do the following words mean: fiord, atoll,
steppes, llanos, plateaus, silvas?
Ans.— (a) A narrow, long arm of the sea projecting
far up into the land.
(b) A ring-shaped coral island.
(c) Open grassy lands, so called in Russia.
(d) Same as steppes, so called in South America.
(e) An elevated plain.
(f) An equatorial forest of South America.
10.
The western boundary nearly 4,000 feet
of
Kansas
is
above sea level; its eastern boundary, about 700 feet. How
would you illustrate these facts class?
to
a
Ans.—By use papier-mache model sloping upward
of
a
the west and northwest, about in. rise for each

to
in.
in
6
length, by sand box with the sand sloping 1
or
the
in
a
same way the same proportion.

in
its
the first voyage Columbus, of
of
Give
1.
sketch
a
purposes and results.

Ans.—It was made under the Spanish flag three
in
small ships, after sailing ten weeks. The land dis
the Bahama group, on the
of
covered was small island

a
October, 1492. Its purpose was commercial and

of
12th
was to find new water route to the East Indies.
It
a
other voyages which resulted the discovery and

to
led
in
colonization of the New World.

(a) State the cause and results
of
Bacon's rebellion.
2.
(b) Who was king England

of
at
that time?
(a) The abuses the government Virginia
of
Ans.
in
by Governor Sir William Berkeley, and more especially

his refusal to render aid to the defence of the frontier
against Indian attacks. Reforms the government and
in
subjugation
of
the Indians resulted from the rebellion.

(b) Charles II, the third Stuart King
of
Great Britain.
Why are the years between 1781 and 1787 known
as
3.
the “critical period” American history?

in
Ans.—It was the period during which the individual

colonies, cut loose from England, when drifting around
under the control of the deficient articles of confedera
tion, and was especially critical in determining whether a
new, strong, capable nation should be formed, or whether
the Revolution should be a dismal failure.
4. Mention two important results emanating from the
French and Indian war.
Ans.—(a) Self confidence was imparted to the American
colonists; a military training was secured from the war
by them, and they obtained a knowledge of English officers
and men which they turned to good use in the Revolu
tion. (b) Western expansion for the American colonists
was assured.
5. For what are the following men known : Daniel
Webster; Daniel Boone; William Lloyd Garrison; David
Wilmot ?
Ans.—Daniel Webster, statesmanship and oratory. Daniel
Boone, explorer and scout. William Lloyd Garrison,
abolition writer and lecturer. David Wilmot, offered the
amendment to the appropriation bill providing for a peace
with Mexico upon the condition that “neither slavery nor
involuntary servitude shall ever exist in any territory
acquired from Mexico.”
6. State the cause of the Mexican war. Mention two
of the generals of the United States prominent in that war.
Ans.—(a) Disputed boundary line between the United
States and Mexico. (b) Zachary Taylor and Winfield
Scott.
7. Give the terms of the Missouri compromise. Who
was its principal author?
Ans.—(a) Missouri should be admitted as a slave state;
but in the remainder of the Louisiana Purchase north of
36° 30' slavery was to be prohibited.
(b) Henry Clay.
8. Give the substance of the thirteenth annendment.
Ans.—The abolition of slavery.
9. What is the difference between a rebellion and a
revolution, and show why the Civil war is known as the
great rebellion.
Ans.—A rebellion is an organized uprising of subjects
for the purpose of coercing or overthrowing their
lawful rule, or government. A revolution contem
plates a fundamental change in government, an overthrow
STATE OF KANSAS 13
of one form and the substitution of another. The civil

war was a rebellion, because the southern states, even if
successful in forming another government, were to have
that government fundamentally the same as the United
States government. The only radical changes were to be
in the two points of enforced slavery and free trade.
10. Discuss the correlation between history and geo
graphy.
Ans. Geography exhibits the physical conditions and
relations of countries; while history exhibits the life,
government, manners, customs, ideals and accomplishments
of men and nations who occupy those countries.
GENERAL HISTORY.
1. Where did Napoleon I meet his first defeat?
Ans.—Invasion of Russia 1812-1813; but the first great
pitched battle lost by him was the “Battle of the Nations”
at Leipsic, 1813.
2. What was the partition of Poland?
Ans.—These were three partitions of Poland. (a),
1772, Russia, Prussia and Austria, (b): 1793, Russia
and Prussia. (c): 1795, Russia, Prussia and Austria, as
the result of crushing Kosciusko's revolt. In each in
stance, each of the powers named received a specified
portion of the territory of unhappy Poland.
3. Of the four English Stuarts, James I. Charles I,
Charles II, and James II, which was the most tyrannical?
Give reasons for your answer.
Ans.—James II. He arbitrarily prorogued and dissolved
parliament; increased the army and formed a league with
Louis XIV against England; established an ecclesiastical
court presided over by the infamous Jeffries.
4. Give three causes which led to the French Revolu
tion of 1789.
Ani-Ecclesiastical corruption, royal despotism, and
class privilege.
5. What caused the separation a few years ago of Nor
way from Sweden?
Ans—The desire of Norway for home rule, and a re
cognition by both countries that their interests, commer
cial and political, were not alike.
6. Give some points of resemblance and of difference
between Louis XIV and Louis XVI of France.
Ans.—Each was obstinate, vain, and believed he ruled
France by divine right. Louis XIV was aggressive, pro

digal, and able. Louis XVI was timid, almost frugal,
and as a politician and statesman, hardly mediocre.
7. Why are the following-named persons made prom
inent in history: Copernicus, Earl of Chatham, Charles
James For, Lord North, Jonathan Swift, Daniel Defoe.
Ans.—Copernicus—Astronomer, and author of the mod
ern theory of the motion of the Universe. Earl of Chatham
—Oratory and his defense of the cause of American In
dependence in the English House of Lords. Charles James
For Orator and English statesman, friend of liberty in
parliament during the French Revolution. Lord North
Statesman and prime minister of England during Revolu
tionary war (1770-1781). Jonathan Swift—Irish satirist,
author of Gulliver's Travels, Tale of a Tub, etc. Daisiel
DeFoe—Author of Robinson Crusoe.
8. Name two important events in the history of Spain
in 1909.
Ans—The execution of Prof. Francis Ferrer, October
13th. The selection of the distinguished Liberal as pre
mier of the new cabinet, October 21st.
9. What has caused the insurrection in Nicaragua? Give
the name of the leader on each side.
(a) The mismanagement and oppression of President
. Zelaya, combined with the execution of a number of revo
lutionists and two Americans.
(b) Madriz and Estrada.
10. How would you interest your pupils in current his
tory? -
Ans.—By discussing the events of the day in opening
exercises, requiring pupils to bring in topics of current
happenings to opening exercises, general exercises, and
-
history classes.
HISTORY OF KANSAS.
1. How did the Missouri compromise affect the terri
tory which afterward becamse Kansas f
Ans.—It guaranteed that slavery should not exist within
the described territory. --
2. Describe briefly the Quantrill raid. .
Ans. Quantrill at the head of a band of border ruf
fians and guerrillas rode from Missouri, and attacked
the town of Lawrence, murdered a number of men, women,
STATE OF KANSAS 15
and children and burned the town. Occurred Aug. 21,

- -
1863.
3. What educational institutions were established in
Kansas, when the civil war was in progress?
Ans.—State University, State Normal School, State Ag
ricultural College by the public. Baker University and
several other private schools had their origin during war
-
times.
4. How did the homestead law of 1862 affect the de
velopment of Kansas?
Ans.—Immigrants came in multitudes to take- up home
steads and till the soil.
5. What connection had each of the following-named
persons with the history of Kansas: William A. Harris,
Isaac T. Goodnow, Isaac McCoy, Andrew H. Reeder,
John Brown, John A. Martin, Jerry Simpson?
Ans. William A. Harris, United States Senator
Isaac T. Goodnow, State Supt. of Public Inst. Isaac Mc
Coy, a missionary to and historian of the Shawnee In
dians. Andrew H. Reeder, first territorial governor of
Kansas. John Brown, settler at Osawatomie and zealous
friend of the slaves. John A. Martin, governor of State
from 1885 to 1889. Jerry Simpson, representative in
Congress from 7th Congressional District, comprising
southwest Kansas.
6. Name the United States Senator and Members of
Congress from Kansas in the Congress now in session.
Ans.—Senators, Charles Curtis and Joseph L. Bristow.
Representatives's 1st. Dist., D. R. Anthony, 2nd. Dist.,
Chas. F. Scott, 3d. Dist., P. P. Campbell. 4th Dist., J. M.
Miller, 5th Dist., W. A. Calderhead, 6th Dist., W. A.
Reeder, 7th Dist., E. H. Madison, 8th Dist., Victor Mur
- - --
dock.
7. Name two important changes made in the Kansas
school laws since 1900.
Ans.—County High School Law, Consolidation of School
Districts. -
8. How has the United State government helped edu

cation in Kansas?
Ans.— (a) Section 16 and 36 in every township were
granted for the use of schools.
(b) Set apart 72 sections of land for support of a Uni
versity.
(c) All salt springs not exceeding twelve in number
with 6 sections adjoining.
16 county ExAMINATION QUESTIONS
9. How would you lead a class from the study of local

history to the study of the history of the state?
Ans. By showing the relation of the local history, to
that of the state. Giving anecdotes of old settlers and
pioneers in the community who were interested in the up
building of the state. Securing prominent men to tell the
pupils of such incidents that will awaken their interest
in the state's history. -
10. What pictures and literature, or other aids, would
wou use in the teaching of Kansas history?
Ans.—Stories of Coronado's march, the journeys of
Pike and other stories of the Santa Fe Trail, of thc
Border and civil war, of the droughts, grasshoppers, of
the Exodus, the liquor prohibitory movement, the populist
revolution, the 20th Kansas etc., etc. Sumner's orations,
Whittier's poems, Lincoln's and Douglas' debate, Mrs.
Allerton's poems, John J. Ingalls' articles and \rations,
Eugene Ware's poems, Immman's books, Connelley's books,
etc., etc. Pictures of landscapes, monuments, houses, pub
lic buildings, state buildings: maps, charts, etc., etc.
READING.
1. Select a lesson from the adopted readers and point
out its ethical or moral lesson.
2. “The function of melody, the movement of the voice
up and down in pitch, is to show the motive of the
speaker.” Illustrate and erplain this by using some such
erpressions as “I came to bury Caesar.”
Ans.—Other men killed Caesar, I bury him. Other
men killed Caesar, I bury him. The rising and falling of
the voice determine the conflicting purposes between the
conspirators [other men] and Mark Antony. Again it
shows the different results obtained, the conspirators killed
Caesar [the act of an enemy], Mark Antony is - to bury
him [the office of a friend].
3.How can expressive reading be secured from the time
the child enters school?
Ans. By awakening interest, and requiring naturalness
in tone and expression from the first day of school life.
4. Outline the method of teaching phonics.
Ans.—Drill upon the sounds, first pronouncing the
sounds separately and then gradually coalescing them
into syllables and simple words, pronouncing and spelling
STATE OF KANSAS 17
the words not by letters but by sounds. This can be il

lustrated effectually only by oral work.
5. , What instruction should be given generally in as
signing a reading lesson in the third reader?
Ans.—Know the meaning of every word in the selec
tion. Understand the thought intended to be conveyed.
Ascertain something of the author and any collateral facts
connected with the writing of the selection. Be able to
give the selection in your own language if called upon
to do so.
ORTHOGRAPHY.
1-5. serenade tambourine meager
secede trellis passive preference
barometer radium gingham grateful
devastate polar lenient convalescent
turmoil enshrine mystical leisure
surgeon notation Inassacre equivalent
revenue cargoes
Ans. For the applicant. See any dictionary.
6. Define primitive word; derivative word; prefix and
suffir.
Ans.—(a) A word not derived or formed from any
other word or words.
(b) One derived or formed from another word or
words.
(c) A letter, syllable, or word added to the beginning
of a word to form a new word.
(d) A letter, syllable, or word added to the termina
tion of a word to form a new word.
7. Mark diacritically familiar, naught, orchestra, juve
mile biscuit.
Ans. [For the applicant. See any dictionary. Ed.]
8. Give incaning of the following abbreviations: LL. D.,
M. D., viz., ult., G. A. R.
LL. D.-Doctor of Laws.
M. D.—Doctor of Medicine.
Viz.-Videlicet, namely, to wit.
Ult.=Ultimus, the last.
G. A. R.-Grand Army of the Republic.
9. When and how should diacritical marks be taught?
Ans.—In the lowest grades, as a part of mastering each
letter. The work should always be taught as a necessary
part of the letter in representing that sound.
10. Name, define and illustrate the use of five suffires.

Ans.—ly=like; manly, like a man.
hood=state or condition; manhood, in the state or con
dition of a man.
less=without; causeless, without a cause.
ist=one who practices; agriculturist, one who prac
tices agriculture.
al=belonging or pertaining to; educational, belonging or
pertaining to education.
PENMANSHIP.
1. Discuss legibility and speed as dominant aims in the
work in penmanship.
Ans.—Legibility is the most important thing in writing.
After that, neatness and speed should be emphasized. A
writing that is not easily read has but little value. Speed
is essential when one is employed in a house of business
or has business of his own.
2. In your teaching do you use copies from the black
board, or from the copybook f Why?
Ans.—For lessons to the class as a whole I would use
the blackboard to explain principles. For the individual
pupil, I prefer the copy at the head of the page. It can be
more carefully, as it is on the desk before the st.
*ied
ent.
3. How may writing and English teaching be combined 2
Ans.—By giving writing exercises from the best liter
ature. No meaningless sentences should be set before the
pupils. Each sentence and paragraph should be a model
in literature as well as in penmanship.
4. Write the best quotation you know, of not to erceed
thirty words, as a specimen of your penmanship.
Ans. [For the applicant.]

1. Enumerate sir topics from the state course of study
in ethics.
Ans.—Inspiring to high ideals. Inculcating lessons of
duty. Instilling a due regard for rights of others. Meth
ods of moral training. Means of moral training: music,
reading and literature (concrete stories, memory gems,
poetry, discipline of the school, example of the teacher).
2. What means are available for reducing the number
of classes in rural schools?
STATE OF KANSAS 19
Ans.—Reducing the course of study. Consolidating

classes. Teach some subjects as general exercises for en
tire school, etc. etc.
3. State the chief arguments in favor of the consolida
tion of rural schools.
Ans.—Cives all pupils an equal chance in length of time
in school, opportunity for personal instruction and recita
tion, etc, etc. Enables the course of study in rural schools
to be extended. Is an economical and far more efficient
method of management. Provides for comfort and over
sight of children, especially smaller pupils, on their way to
and from school etc., etc.
4. What reasons can be given for the teaching of agri
culture in the rural schools?
Ans.—The practical value of the work in the business
of agriculture in which the patrons of the school, are in
terested. The interest imparted by the study of a subject
of which they already know something, and the com
parative ease with which they may multiply their knowl
edge from observation and past experience. ”
5. Give two illustrations of studying from motive.
Ans.—A boy wishes to go to college. He directs his
energies to the mastery of required subjects in order that
he may realize his ambition. Another boy does not like
school, but attends because he knows his mother wishes
him to do so, thus yielding to the great power of love.
6. State four purposes of the recitation and discuss one
of them.
Ans.—To develop new knowledge and the power of
thought. To awaken interest and keep it alive. To se
cure a personal estimate of each pupil's advancement and
a knowledge of his needs. To accustom children to ex
pressing thought intelligently and forcefully in the presence
of others. Though mentioned last, this habit of telling
what you know is not less important than any of othe
other purposes. What good is the well stored mind if
wealth. Then, too, ex
its
it be not skilled in imparting

pression thought begets thought, and every child who
of
had finished successful recitation has grown power

in
a
of expression, breadth and depth thought, confidence,

of
self-reliance, and interest—is expanding into maturer

a
existance.
State the advantage the topic method.
of
To what
7.
subjects best adapted?

is
it
Ans.— (a) Does away with mere verbal memory

work to a considerable extent; secures independ

ent research, and of course broader and more accurate
views of the subject; gives needed exercise in expression
and manner of treating a subject, and encourages indi
vidual effort and private study.
(b) History, literature, physiology, geography, natural
sciences and all subjects of a descriptive nature, and all
branches in which the conclusions reached are not exact,
but depend upon the exercise of judgment, weighing of
facts, etc., etc.
8. What are objections to examinations as a basis for
promotion? How can the regular work of the school be
used in part at least as a substitute for examinations?
Ans.— (a) The result of an examination frequently
depends upon the temperament or condition of health, or
surroundings of the examined or of the examiner, and this
fails utterly in being a standard by which to determine
whether mastery of the subject has been perfect enough to
warrant advancement. Confidence, assurance, “nerve” fre
quently counts for more than does mastery and knowl
edge. Thus the timid retiring child - does not do himself
justice.
(b) Yet examinations can not be dispensed with. The
retiring, frightened person needs the training and discipline
of the examination. Justice, however, requires that the
teacher shall not subject her judgment and the child's
future entirely to the chances of an examination. The
child's daily work and the teacher's personal knowledge
of the pupil should count at least one-half in determining
the momentous question of advancement.
9. State the ends to be realized in constructive lan
guage training.
Ans.—Skill and facility in expression. Correct habits
of speech whether written or spoken. Development of
the imagination and of the aesthetic elements of standards
and ideals for future independent work.
10. Why should the training in proper habits begin very
early in life?
Ans.—Because education and character arise out of, are
builded upon, and flourish and grow from the habits fixed
in the early periods of mental development. “As the twig
is bent the tree's inclined” is a statement of the force and
continuing influence of habits of childhood.
w
STATI. Ol' ISANSAS :21
PHYSIOLOGY.
1. How is the knowledge of anatomy essential in the
proper teaching of such physiology as should be taught
in our schools?
Ans.—To understand the location of the various organs
each to each, and the structure and arrangement of the
bones, their processes, muscles, arteries, veins, skin, etc.,
etc., that the learner may be prepared to understand the
rules of health, proper sitting, bathing, care of teeth,
eyes, choice of food, etc. etc.
2. Why is good health made a matter of public con
ceratf
Ans.—A sound mind in a sound body makes the strong
man, and that makes for citizenship strong, efficient, cap
able.
3. How would you make use of a manikin?
Ans.—Just as I would a chart, to give a correct idea of
each organ and part and their relationship to each.
4. What is the difference between a sprain and a frac
ture?
Ans.—A sprain is an injury to the tendons, tissues and
parts surrounding or attached to a joint—res...ti...g. in
inflammation of those tissues and parts. A fracture is
the breaking of the bony structure.
5. Discuss the danger in monuse and overuse of muscles,
Ans.—Nonuse results in flabbiness, weakness and want
of tore. Overuse produces “staleness,” failure of perfect
elasticity of miscles, weariuess, stoppage of growth, wear
ing out of tissue faster than it can be supplied with food
by the blood.
6. What do you use to “dust' your schoolroom furni.
ture? Why?
Ans. A moist, clean cloth so that it will cleanse the
furniture and not return the dust into the air to again
settle upon the objects in the room,
7. What is your plan for heating and ventilating a one
room school building?
...Ans.—The ideal heating is secured, of course, by fur
nace “hot-air,” steam, radiation from pipes, or hot water
radiation from pipes. The practical method for rural
schools is to admit the air from beneath or near the floor
to a stove surrounded with a jacket which runs upward
four or five feet, and providing openings near the ceiling
for the heated impure air.
8. Name the earcretory organs and discuss their func

tions.
Ans. The large intestine to remove t. e solid waste;
the kidneys to remove the liquid effete products; the
lungs to cast away the gaseous products of waste; the skin
to throw off liquid and gaseous products in which solids
are suspended in minute particles.
9. How may the teaching of physiology and morals be
combined?
Ans.—By showing the effects of dirt, improper bathing,
want of care of the person, bad food, opiates and stimu
lants upon the mental activities and the moral sense, as
the laws of health are studied from day to day.
10. Is alcohol a food? Why.
Ans. To a very slight degree. Because it can not
be converted into tissue, and its heating effect is tem
porary and more deleterious in its reaction than it is
beneficial in its primary effect.
CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES.

1. Name three qualifications required of a candidate for
the United States Senate.
Ans.—Age, residency, citizenship: 30 years, inhabitant
of state from which chosen, and shall have been nine years
a citizen of the United States.
2. What authority is there in the constitution for the
appointing of the Interstate Commerce Commission?
Ans.—The clause placing the regulation of commerce
under the control of the Congress.
3. If the President of the United States were to make
a treaty with a foreign power, what is necessary before
the treaty becomes effective f
Ans.—Ratification by a two-thirds vote of the United
States Senate. ,
4. What is the constitutional provision relating to the
President's compensation or salary while he is in Office?
Ans. It shall not be increased or diminished by a law
passed during his term.
5. How may a member of the House or Senate be ear.
pelled?
Ans. By a two-thirds affirmative vote of the members
of the Senate or of the House as the case may be.
6. What power has the Senate when bills for raising
revenue come before it?
Ans.—It has no power to originate such measures; but
STATE OF KANSAS 23
it may suggest amendments, refuse to give the bill its

sanction.
7. What is a quorum in each house? What power, has
a smaller number than a quorum ?
Ans. (a) A majority of each.
(b) Adjourn from day to day, and compel the attend
ance of absent members.
8. IIow is the President pro tempore chosen in the Sen
ate? -
Ans.—By the Senators. -
9. Would you require pupils to memorize any part of th
constitution ? If so, what part, and why?
Ans.—The preamble. Because it designates the source
of power and defines the purposes of the constitution.
10. As a preliminary to a study of the constitution,
would you describe to your classes the constitutional con
vention of 1787? Give your reasons?
Ans.—Yes. No proper understanding of the constitu
tion can be reached without knowing the reason which led
to the adoption of the form of government, the limitations
its
and checks imposed upon power, and the necessity
of
its compromises.
LITER ATURE. -
successful language
of
of
“One the essential elements

1.
teaching the primary grades good story

be
in
to
is
a
or
falsity
of
teller.” Discuss the truth this statement.

Ans.—Such an accomplishment increases the efficiency
any language teacher; but
of
not an absolute essen

is
it
tial. The statement means that every language teacher

should combine certain amount of literary skill with
a
ability. One of the best teachers

or
of
dramatic art vocal

music was man who could not sing the scale, and one
a
of the world's greatest composers was deaf. The teacher

of la:nguage occupies about the same relation the Sub
to
ject taught that the critic does literature. Our best

to
literary style, frequently lack literary excel

of
critics
lence.
Mention three kinds of earercises grammar grades
in
2.
helpful promoting the study

of
literature.
in
Ans.—Opening
to
exercises devoted extended sketches

from the masters. General exercises and special days de
speaking selections from and reading essays upon
to
voted
literary masters. Current news during the
of
the life
consideration of which the teacher introduces the items
24 county ExAMINATION QUESTIONS
of birthday or death day or accomplishment of some

terary master, commenting upon and reading from his
If
words.
3. What objects have you in mind when you undertake
the study of “Evangeline” with an eight-grade class?
Ans.—The development of a love of literature, 2nd of
good taste in the pupils. The cultivation of the imagina
tion, of a love of country and history, through the theme
and its treatment. The forming of a standard for woman
hood's constancy, purity and truth.
4. Give briefly the historical foundation for the story
of “Evangeline.”
Ans.—The Acadians were Frenchmen, who became sub
jects of England by conquest. They were constant in
their devotion to France, and were a source of menace
and uneasiness to the English, because they were rebel
lious and anxious to break the ties that bound them.
The English after a series of troubles extending over
years, determined to break up the colony by scattering
its people amongst other colonies to the south.
5. Write a sketch of the character of Basil.
Ans.—Basil is a strong, self-reliant, passionate man,
controlled by his simple, religious faith, a typical black
Smith amongst that primeval folk.
6. Mention some of the aspects in which the writings of
Irving differ from those of Longfellow.
Ans.—Irving—Prose, essays, historical, humorous, iron
ical. Longfellow Poetry, drama, aesthetic, with little or
no humor and irony. The only book of Longfellow after
the manner of Irving is Outre mer.
7. Tell what pleases you in the story of “The Legend
of Sleepy Hollow”—the story the language? the style?
the humor? Give reasons for your opinion.
Ans. (a) The Headless Horseman, because it so well
illustrates the simplicity and superstition characteristic of
early New York.
(b) Its aptness and smoothness in character drawing
and descriptive passages.
(c) The purity and beauty of the choice of words just
suited, Addison like, to the role of an observer and nar
rator.
(d) Gentle, pervasive, genial, kindly, without sting or
reproach.
8. From a possible number of twenty-five hours of
school work per week how many hours, in your judg
STATE OF KANSAS 25
ment, should be given to the reading and the study of

literary selections? Give reasons for your answer?
Ans.—At least one-fifth. Such work combines read
ing and literature; is necessarily a slower process than
is any other of the child's formal studies, because it is
not merely the grasping the thought, expression and style
of another, but it is the formation of taste and of critical
judgment.
PHYSICS.
(Omit any two of the following questions.)
1. Describe an experiment to illustrate surface tension.
Ans.—Float two pieces of wood upon water, carefully
placing them very close together throughout their entire
length, let a drop of alcohol fall between them. The
tension of the surface of the water causes the water film
at the surface to act like a stretched thin membrane. The
alcohol breaks this film, and the released film carries the
wood away to either side. -
2. How can it be shown experimentally that the time of
falling bodies is independent of the mass?
Ans.—By dropping in a vacuum an ounce of feathers
and an ounce of lead.
3. In a wheel and airle the diameter of the wheel is
thirty inches and the diameter of the airle is six inches.
What weight will a power of eighty pounds support?
Ans.—Power times radius of wheel=Load- time radius
of axle.
Power=80 pounds.
Radius of wheel=15 inches.
Load=x.
Radius of axle=3.
x=400 lbs., load.
4. A piece of iron weighs 21.8 pounds in water and 25
pounds in air. Finds its specific gravity.
Ans.—Loss of weight=(25-21.8), or 3.2 pounds. Divide
weight in air by loss of weight where submerged in water.
25–3–3.2=7.81-Hsp. gr.
5. How is the mercury thermometer constructed?
Ans.—A capillary glass tube terminating at its lower
extremity in a bulb filled with mercury, hermetically sealed
at the upper extremity, with a vacuum above the surface
of the mercury, is the essential feature. The bulb con

taining the mercury is plunged into a bath of boiling water
and the point noted to which the column of mercury
rises in the tube, this determines the boiling point. The
freezing point of water is taken as the zero point by
some standards and a mixture of ice and salt by others.
The distance between the two points on the tube is ar
bitrarily divided into degrees. On the Fahrenheit scale,
212° is the boiling point and 32°, the freezing point; on
the Reamur 80° is the boiling point and 0° the freezing
point; on the Centigrade 100° is the boiling point and 0°
-
is the freezing point.
radiation of heat.
6. Describe and illustrate (a) conduction of heat; (b)
radiation.
Ans. (a) Conduction of heat is transferrence from mole
cule to molecule of a substance as holding one end of a
poker in a fire, the heat is transmitted from molecule to
molecule until the other extremity is heated.
(b) Radiation proceeds in straight lines outward in
every direction from the source, as the rays of the sun,
passing through our atmosphere, heat the earth by radia
tion.
7. How is sound reproduced by the phonograph? .
Ans.—By the waves of sound having been originally
produced before a vibrating membrane to which was at
tached a fine needle point with its free end resting
upon a waxed cylinder revolving at a uniform rate and
shifted longitudinally as it revolved before the needle.
The vibrations of speech caused the needle to make in
dentations in the wax. The cylinder is then placed in
another machine of the same structure, and the needle
dropping in and out of the indentations causes the dia
phragm or membrane to vibrate exactly as the former men
brane did under the influence of the waves of sound
caused by the voice. Reinforced by means of a trumpet,
the effect is produced of repeating speech.
8. In a concave mirror, indicate by means of a drawing

and define (a) center of curvature, (b) focus.
Ans. (a) [For the applicant.—Ed.]
(b) Center of curvature is the center of a sphere of
which the mirror is a surface area.
STATE OF KANSAS 27
(c) The point upon which the rays of light converge

after reflection. -
9. Show by means of a drawing how an image is pro

duced on the retina of the eye.
-
10. Give an illustration of magnetizing by induction
Ans.—Place a coil of insulated wire in circuit with a
sensitive galvanometer. Place suddenly in the helix one
pole of a strong bar magnet, and the current will flow
through the helix affecting the galvanometer. This is cur
rent produced by induction from the magnet. Now place
same coil in circuit with the galvanometer and a battery.
Place in the helix a core of soft iron. The core be
comes a magnet by induction. This is producing mag
netization by induction.
11. Erplain the action of the Leyden jar.
Ans. The charge of electricity communicated to the
inner surface of the jar, acts inductively through the glass,
making on the outer surface of the jar the opposite kind
of electricity. The two charges act and react upon each
other, and are “bound” at a high tension. Connect the
outer surface of the jar with the ground, and the electrical
capacity of the jar will be largely increased.
12. Describe the electro-magnet.
Ans.—A core of soft iron is placed inside a helix of
insulated wire; a current of electricity passes through the
helix, by induction making the core a magnet which at
break the current, the core ceases
it,
tracts its armature to

magnet and the armature
be
to
is
released.
a
BOOKKEEPING.
Feb. 1–Student gave his sixty-day note for $3,000; in
terest, six per cent.
Feb. 2–Rented store building; paid one month's rent
cash, $50. Bought merchandise, for cash, $750.
in
Feb. 3.—Sold for cash, merchandise, $140. Bought mer

White, on account, $1,300.
of
C.
chandise
J.
Feb. 6.—Sold merchandise, for cash, $700. Paid

C.
J.
White cash on account, $700.

Feb. 10.-Sold M. Hart merchandise, $700. Received
L.
A.
Smith,
D.
to
his note payment. Sold merchandise

in
on account, $275. Sold for cash, merchandise, $155.

Feb. 13.−Sold merchandise, for cash, $300.
Inventory merchandise, $200.
Journalize, post, take trial balance, and find loss gain.
or
2S COUNTY ExAMINATION QUESTIONS
FEBRUARY 1, 1910.
•- - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Il 3000
Bills Pay......... -- - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - 3000
2 || Expense.............. -- -- - - - - - - - - - - - -- - 50
Cash............. ........... ...... 50
2 750
750
3 140
140
3 1300
1300
6 700
700
6 700
700
10 700
700
10 275
-
275
10 155
155
13 300
30
STUDENT.
Feb. | 13 | Pres. Wth. 370 Feb. 13 ||Net Gain 370

Pres. Wth.|-|-370
CASH.
Feb. | 1 3000 Feb. 2 50

3 140 4 750
6 700 6 7
10 155
13 300
BILLS PAYABLE.
| | | | |* | * | |w
EXPENSE.
Feb.
|
2
| | ſ |* |
13 Loss 50
STATE OF KANSAs 20
MERCHANIDISE.
Feb. 2 750 Feb TS 140
3 .. . 1300 6 700
1.3: Gaim 420 10 700
10 275
10 155
13 300
13 || Inventory 200
|
Feb. 18 200
| ºnventory | | |
J. C. WHITE
Feb. 6 700 Feb.
|
3 1300
| | | | | |
BILLs it ECEIVABLE
*T*T | | * I -
|
A. D. sMITH
ºw | | *
LOSS AND GAIN
| | | | |
-
T
—! ---
Feb. 13 Expense 50 || Feb. 13 || Molse. 420.
13 || Net Gain 370
-El-E --_--
_420 ||
=
_|_420
TriAi, BALANCE
Cash ......... º, tº
Bills Payable -
Expense..... 50
--
Moise. ....... 2050 2270
J. C. White......... --- --- 700 1300
Bitis Receivable.............. ........ 700
A. D. Smith............................ 275
8070
_80ſo
30 count Y EXAMINATION QUESTIONs
June 24-25, 1910.
ARITHMETIC,
1. How do you teach a first-grade pupil" to add? (Be
specific.)
2. Write the following in Roman numerals: 1588,
1776, 1555, 1861, 1904.
Ans.—
MDLXXXVIII, MDCCLXXVI, MDLV, MDCCCLXI,
MCMIV.
3. If a field 56 rods long and 40 rods wide yields 20
bushels to the acre, what will the crop be worth at 90 cents
per bushel? (Solve and analyze.)
SOLUTION.
To find the area of a rectangle multiply its length by
its breadth.
56x40=2,240.
Hence the area of the field is 2,240 sq. rds. In one acre
there are 160 sq. rās. Hence in 2,240 sq. rās. there are
14 acres. If one acre yields 20 bus., 14 acres yield 14X20
bus. or 280 bus. -
If one bu. is worth $90, 280 bus. are worth 280×$.90
or $252.00.
4. Illustrate by diagram: , The north one-half (%) of

the southeast one-fourth (%) and the east one-half (34)
of the northwest one-fourth (%) of section sixteen (16).
six
STATE OF KANSAS 31
N.
E. /*
N. W. 44
Sec. 17 Sec. 16 Sec. 15

E.
N. 14,
S. E. A
S.
5. Write a promissory note—principal, $650; time, three

ears, six months; rate, 6 per cent.
50.00 opeka, Kan., June 24, 1910.
Three years and six months after date I promise to pay
James Smith, or order, Six Hundred Fifty Dollars, value
received, with interest at 6 per cent per annum.
Samuel Jones.
6. Discount the above note one year after date at eitht
per cent. Find proceeds and discount.
SoLUTION.
Period of note, 3 yr., 6 mo.; period of discount, 2 yr.,
6 mos. -
$650.00X 1.21=$786.50, amt. due at maturity.
$786.50X .20= 157.30, bank discount.
$786,50–$157.30=$629.20, proceeds. ×
7. When it is 11:30 a. m. on the seventy-fifth meridian
what is the hour on the ninety-seventh one, reckoning by
sun time?
SoLUTION.
The difference in longitude is 22 degrees.
22–1–15–1%;
hr., 23
Hence the difference in time is 1%5 hours or 1
In11n.
Since the ninety-seventh meridian is west of the sev

enty-fifth the time of the ninety-seventh is the earlier,
and 1 hr. 28 min. earlier than 11:30 a. m. is 10:02 a. m.
Hence the time is 10:02 a. m. on the ninety-seventh when
it is 11:30 a. m. on the seventy-fifth.
8. An article selling at
84 cents, or a profit of 20 per
cent, was reduced 5 cents from the selling price. What
is the per cent of profit on a sale?
SoLUTION.
120% of the cost=$.84
- $.84
1% of the cost= —
120
and the cost= —

$.84×100
120
=$.70.
84 cents—5 cents=79 cents, the reduced selling price,

and 79 cents—70 cents=.09, the profit at reduced -selling
price.
$.70Xrate=$.09
$.09
rate=— = .12%
$70
| Hence the sale is at a profit of 12%%.
9. Find cost of plastering a room, including the ceiling,

12 by 16 feet, 9 feet high, at 11% cents per square yard.
SoLUTION.
2X16X9=288, number of sq.
ft.
the sides.
in in in
2X12X9=216, number sq. ft.

of of
the ends.
16X12=192, number the ceiling.
ft.
sq.
of
ft.
696, total number sq.

sq. ya.
ft.
in
There are sq.

9
Hence 696 sq. ft.=77% sq. yd.

77%x$11%=$8.89%, the plastering.
of
the cost
right triangle the sides
of
of
10. Find the area which

a
3,
4,
the and feet.

5
SoLUTION.
The triangle right triangle since 32+42=52.
is
a
STATE OF KANSAS 33
The area of a triangle is equal to one-half the product of

the base and altitude.
3X4
—=
ft.
6. Hence area is 6 sq.
2
ALGEBRA.
are the symbols operation?
of
What What are the
1.
symbols
of
relation?
Ans.— (a) The sign (read “plus”) denotes addition.
+
The sign — (read “minus”) denotes subtraction.
The sign (read “multiplied by”
or
X “times”)
is
used
to
show that the numbers between which placed are
is
it
multiplied. The sign
be
sometimes used instead
is
.
of X.
º
--
The sign (read “divided by”) denotes that the num

ber preceding divided by the number following.
be
= to
is
(b) The sign (read “equals”) denotes equality.

P3
The sign (read “is less than”) denotes inequality.

The sign (read “is greater than” denotes inequality.
State four algebraic axioms.
2.
equals we add equals, the sums are

to
Ans.—1.
If
equal.
from equals we subtract equals, the remainders
If
2.
are equal.
equals are multiplied by equals the products are
If
3.
equal.
equals are divided by equals, the quotients are
If
4.
equal.
positive and negative

of
Write (a) difference

3.
the
a
b;
n;
negative and positive

of
(b) the sum (c) the

in
negative 3+ and negative 2y.

of
difference
Ans. (a) (+a)–(–b)=a+b.
(b) (—m)+(+n)=—m-Hil.
(c) (–34)–(–2y)=–34-H2y.
Perform work indicated—
4.
(a) arº–7+2+54—3) (24–4).

(b) (a8+3a*b-H3ab?--bº)-;-(a-i-b).
SoLUTION.
(a) (43–742-1-54—3) (24–4)=244–1843-I-3842
—264—H12.
(b) (a8+3a*b-H3ab?--bº)+(a+b)=(a+b)*
5. Solve for a and y and check—

54-H7y–H1=0
44-H9y—6=0
SoLUTION.
54-H7y-H1=0 (1)
44-H9)—6=0 (2)
Transpose in (1)
Transpose in (2)
Multiply (3) by 4
54-H 79-–1
44-H 9y=+6
204-H28y-—4
§4)
(5)
Multiply (4) by 5 20++45 y=30 (6)
Subtract (5) from (6) 17y-34 (7)
Divide (7) by 17 2 3- (8)
Substitute value of y for y in (3)
54-H14 =—1 (9)
Transpose in (9) 54"E–15 (10)
Divide (10) by 5 ar=—3 (11)
Therefore ar=—3, y=2.
Check—
Put values of a and y for a and y in (1)
—15+14+1=0
Put values of 4 and y for a and y in (2)
—12+18—6=0
till
6. The time past noon is five-sevenths of the time
midnight; what time it?
is
SoLUTION.
of
Let x=No. hrs. till midnight.

of
Then 544-No. hrs. past noon.

Then w—H%ar=No. hrs. from noon till midnight.
But 12=No. hrs. from noon till midnight.
Hence we have the equation—
4-H 54x=12 (1)
of
Clear (1)
in
fractions
74-H 54 =84 (2)
Collect terms (2)
in
124'E84 (3)
Divide (3) by 12, ar-7 (4)
And 544–5 - -
an m.
Therefore the time

p.
oclock
is
5
of
State the relation the form equation between

in
7.
length and width

of
area, rectangle.
a
Ans.—Let l-length, w=width and a-area.

Then let lxzv=a.
STATE OF KANSAS 35
8. Write the factors of

(a) a 2–54-H4.
(b) a 2–4–20.
SOLUTION.
(a) r2–54-H4–(4–1) (4–4)
(b) a 2–1–20=(x-5) (4-H4)
9. Simplify:
a—r a”—r”
y —ary
SoLUTION.
a—a a”—r” a-r —ry —º
3) —ary y +”—y” z-Hy

10.
What number added the numerator, and

a to
to
the
$42 will give fraction equal
of
*
denominator
to
*
SoLUTION.
Let ar=The required number.
by
the problem
of
Then the conditions

5-Har
= (1)
%
12+4.
Clearing
of
(1) fractions
15–H3+=24+2+ (2)
Transposing (2)
in
4:=9 (3)
Hence the required number
9.
is
Check—
-
.
.
5-H9 14
= ºr %
12+9 21
HISTORY OF KANSAS.
Into what four periods would you divide Kansas his
1.
tory?
Ans.—Indian, Exploration, Territorial, and Statehood.
What was the New England Emigrant Aid Society
2.
and for what purpose was formed?

it
by
Ans.—A company organized Eli Thayer

of
Boston
encourage emigrants go Kansas,
to
to
to
to
to
settle and
make their homes here, order that they might
in
make
Kansas a territory and eventually a state without slaves

and without the curse of slavery. -
3. There were two important raids into Kansas in the
Civil War. Describe each briefly.
Ans.—Quantrill’s—On Lawrence, August 21st, 1863.
Quantrill at the head of a band of cut-throats and guer
rillas rode from Missouri, attacked Lawrence, killed 150
defenceless men and boys, destroyed by fire 1% million
dollars of property, and rode away unharmed.
Price's—Price retreating south with 28,000 men after
his defeat at Westport, October 23, 1864, crowded into
Linn Countv, Kansas, intending to capture Fort Scott.
Combats at Trading Post Ford, the Mounds and Mine
Creek, prevented this, and Price was driven back into
Missouri.
4. From what foreign countries did colonies come to
Kansas? Name three of them and tell where they set
tled. What was their purpose in coming?
Ans.—(a) Sweden, Scotland, England, Wales. Russia.
(b) Swedish, Salin, County.
Scotch, Dickinson County.
English, Clay County.
Welsh, Rilev County.
Russians, Harvey, Marion, Reno, and Ellis Counties.
(c) To make homes and improve their condition.
5. In what parts of Kansas is natural gas found? Name
three cities that have been greatly benefited by the dis
covery of gas. How has natural gas helped other cities?
Ans.— (a) Southeastern.
(b) Iola, Gas City, La Harpe.
(c) Furnishing fuel (cheap and clean) for lightino,
heating and power purposes.
6. When was the prohibitory amendment to the consti
tution adopted? When was it put into our statutes?
Ans.—(a) General election of November, 1880, by vote
of 93,302 for to 84,304 against.
(b) At regular session of Legislature of 1881, the total
final vote in both houses being 132 ayes to 31 nays.
7. Name five articles which are manufactured exten
sively in Kansas, and tell where the manufactories or
plants are situated.
Ans. Creamery products, the largest creamerv in the
world is at Topeka.
Beet-Sugar, at Garden City.
Glass, at Iola.
STATE OF KANSAs 37
Meat Products, packing houses at Wichita and Kansas

City, Kansas.
Zinc Smelting, at Galena.
8. What books descriptive of Kansas have you read?
Ans. Spring's, Tuttle's, Hazelrigg's, and Prentis’ His
tories, and Sketches and Essays by Ingalls, Steele, Inman,
etc.
9. Why have the following names places in Kansas his
tory: David J. Brewer, W. A. Johnston, F. D. Coburn,
Charles Robinson, Eli Thayer?
Ans.—Brewer, State Supreme and U. S. Supreme Court.
Johnston, Atorney-General and State Supreme Court.
Coburn, Secretary State Board of Agriculture.
Robinson, First State Governor. -
. Thayer, Organizer of New England Emigrant Aid So -

ciety.
10. What was the purpose of the legislature in passing
each of the following-named laws: Normal training in
high schools, bank guarantec, tar law, commission form
of government.
Ans.—(a) To provide school in which teachers might
be trained for work without going far from home.
(b) To protect depositors in banks from loss of depos
its in case bank failed.
(c) To make taxes uniform and just by placing the
assessment under the control of a state tax commission.
(d) A substitution of a mayor and four commissioners
for the unwieldv mayor and council in the government of
C1ties.

1. State four reasons for the study of United States his
tory in the schools.
Ans.—It makes intelligent citizenship. It gives right
idealsfor individual lives.
Each man's privilege and responsibility are so great
º:
takes.
he must be instructed so that he may not make mis
The state furnishes the means free and demands the

study from the beneficiary for its own salvation and per
petuity.
2. Earplain the advantages and disadvantages of teaching
history by the following methods: (a) Topic method; (b)
Socratic method; (c) search and report method.
Ans.—Advantages: (a) Teaches expression, and en

ables the learner to give a connected and related account
of events and achievements.
(b) Tests the clearness and accuracy of information,
and the justice and logic of conclusions and judgments.
(c) Produces originality, independence, industry and
scientific habits.
Disadvantages: (a) Makes parrot-work, and does not
impart confidence on the part of learner.
(b) Wastes time in discovering what the child needs.
(c) Presupposes too much reasoning power in the child,
and consumes time at the expense of other branches of
study.
3. State the area of exploration and discovery of (a)
Spanish; (b) English; (c) French.
Ans.— (a) Sout. ern, southeast and southwest. As far
north as Carolina; west to Mississippi River; southwest to
El Paso ; and northeast from there, east of mountains to
the Missouri.
(b) From Maine to Virginia east of Alleghanies, and
along south shore of Lake Erie.
(c) Along St. Lawrence; Great Lakes country; Missis
sippi River and east to Alleghanies and south to St. Louis;
Nova Scotia.
4. Make an outline of Virginia covering the followin
points: (a) Settled where; (b) date of settlement; º;
leading persons or classes of colonists; (d) object of set
tlement; (c) forms of government, local and in relation to
Another country.
Adventurers, men
of
Ans.—Jamestown. rank of
...
1607.
broken fortunes, gentlemen bankrupted, and fugitives from
English law. To expand the trade England and her
of
glory securing new lands;

to
which
in
create settlement
would build up English merchant marine, strengthen
an
her navy, and make her self-reliant and independent; to to

provide outlet for England’s surplus population;
an
propagate the Christian religion among the natives, Gov

London and Plymouth colonies was
of of
ernmental control
º
placed the hands council, appointed by the King and
in
resident England, with the immediate government the

in
in
the King, who were

by
colonists appointed
of
13
hands
in
their own number, but of

of
turn directed by President

a
the King’s choosing. This scheme proved

so
unfortunate
that the Commany was given entire control, and finally rep
resentative government was established Then
in
in
1619.
1624 the King took over the government from the Com
STATE OF KANSAS 39
pany, appointed the Governor; but the House of Burgesses

was permitted to remain throughout colonial history.
5. Discuss Salem witchcraft.
Ans.—A delusion arising out of religious superstitions
that possessed the people of New England during the 17th
its
century, and that reached height Salem. Twenty
at
people supposed
of
or
to
be possessed witches devils were
put death, and fifty were variously
to persecuted. The
frenzy came on them 1692, lasted about months, and
6
its
spent fury February, 1693.
in
State causes and results of French and Indian war.
6.
Ans. Causes.—Contest between the French and English

America over the possession
of
the Unner Ohio Coun
in
try; war between England's ally, Prussia, and France
in
(Europe, and the struggle for supremacy between the Latin
and English races.
Results-Victory for the English; France lost all her
possessions America except two small islands near New
in
foundland; England received Florida and all the couontry

the St. Lawrence, Great Lakes and east
of
the Missis
of
up
all
sippi River, but gave
to
of
claims lands west that
river.
What was the essential difference between the Ameri
7.
representation before the Revo

of
car and British theorics

lution?
Ans—The British held that the representatives chosen
in
England each represented the British possessions and not
local territory. The Americans held the reverse, claimed
they were unrepresented, demanded the right repre
be
to
sented by members parliament chosen by themselvevs.

of
What were the principal defects Con

of
the Articles
of
8.
federation?
whole was secondary
of
as
Ans.—Interest the colonies

a
-
each colony.
of
to
that
Congress
be
to
Quorum could not obtained transact

in
business.
Congress could not regulate commerce, could not pay its
debts, could not raise revenue.
Congress could legislate, but could not enforce its laws.
There was no efficient executive head.
Discuss the compromise (a) why needed;
as
of
to
9.
1850
(b) provisions; (c) results.
Ams.— (a) Needed, prevent disruption the Union
to
of
a
by secession.
free state; organization
of
(b) California admitted

as
a
Arizona and New Mexico as territories without mention of

slavery: Texas should surrender disputed lands claimed

by her for $10,000,000; slave trade in District of Columbia
forbidden; enactment of more stringent fugitive slave law.
(c) Repealed the Missouri Compromise, and while it
seemed to bring peace, such quiet was ephemeral.
10. Name and locate the insular possessions of the
United States.
Ans.—Porto Rico and Isle of Pines south and east of
Florida; Samoan Islands in the South Pacific; Hawaiian
Islands, Guam, and Philippines in North Pacific.
GENERAL HISTORY.
1. Describe briefly the character of George III as a
man and as a ruler.
Ans. He was an obstinate man with narrow views of
statecraft, remarkably pure and clean in his personal life,
a practicer of domestic virtues, bigoted, headstrong. He
believed he ruled because of special excellence in his fam
ily or blood, and was the last English sovereign to have
any great personal influence in directing public affairs.
2. What was the relation of William Pitt, the Earl of
Chatham, to the administration of George III and to the
American colonies?
Ans.—He was opposed to the measures employed by
the English government, and favored the colonies in their
revolt because he regarded their action as the assertion
of Englishmen's rights.
3. Why was the reform bill of 1832 important?
Ans. Because it extended the suffrage to the masses of
the English people, and made the British government al
most if not quite as free as a democracy.
4. Why has the trial of Warren Hastings so important
a place in history?
Ans.—Because it was a recognition of the rights of
English colonies, and an assertion of the responsibility
of the British government for oppression, peculation and
abuses practiced upon those colonies by English governors
and representatives.
5. When and how was slavery abolished in the British
colonies? -
Ans.—By act of parliament in 1833, as the result of the
agitation vigorously maintained by Wilberforce and
Clarkson. By the provisions of this law all slaves in Brit
ish possessions were manumitted from the 1st day of Aug
ust, 1834.
STATE OF KANSAS 41
6. Tell briefly why each of the following-named per

sons is noted inhistory: Daniel O’Connell, Benjamin
Disraeli, William Ewart Gladstone, Charles James For,
Edmund Burke, Robert Emmett.
Ans. O’Connell—The distinguished Irish patriot who
was the ablest champion of Catholic emancipation during
1828-29.
Disraeli–A brilliant novelist and statesman of Jewish
extraction who was raised to the peerage as Lord Bea
consfield.
Gladstone—The most distinguished English statesman
of the 19th century, who was the champion of reform and
good government.
For—English statesman and orator of the later 18th
and early 19th centuries, a friend of America, and of the
Revolution in France. He was the great
- opponent of
William Pitt, the younger. -
Burke—England's greatest orator and one of her most
worthy essayists and writers. -
Emmett An eloquent Irishman who in the last decade
of the 18th century labored for the independence of Ire
land. He was tried for and convicted of treason.
7. By what body was the government of India adminis
tered during the last part of the eighteenth century and
the first part of the nineteenth century? Was India dur
ing that period ruled justly or not? Give reasons for your
g??.Szwe?".
Ans.—The East India Company which had been char
tered by Queen Elizabeth.
(b) No, very unjustly and corruptly.
(c) The Indian regiments were officered by English
men; their religious beliefs and opinions were treated
with disrespect and studied insult: their temples were plun
dered, and their treasures stolen, and the Company gov
spoils for England and the Company.
fit
erned them as
The principle now governed for India.”
be
“India
to
is
is
France during the American

of
Who was the ruler

8.
Revolution? Of Prussia?
Ans.—(a) Louis XVI.
(b) Frederick the Great.
Give five important the history
of
the world
in
9.
- events
in 1909-1910.
Ans.—Peary's discovery
of
the North Pole.

The adoption new tariff bill by the United States
of
a
Congress.
The advance aerial navigation.
in
The death of Edward VII of England and the acces

sion of George V.
The visit of Ex-President Roosevelt to European na
tions and his return from Egypt.
10. What are the principal lessons that students should
learn from a study of the world’s history?
Ans.—What nations have made the noblest and most
enduring progress?
How did they achieve this progress?
What mistakes have been made by nations in the past,
and how can we avoid those mistakes?
The extent to which national goodness and greatness,
rests upon individual worth, character and achievement.
The history of those individuals who have done the
best and most for their kind.

1. What are the fundamental ends to be attained in lan
guage training in elementary schools?
Ans. The recognition and right use of words in sen
tences, the enlargement of one’s vocabulary and facility
and accuracy in the use of that vocabulary.
2. State clearly the successive steps in the development
of a language lesson based on observation in Grade
Three.
Ans.—Use blackboard work as a class exercise. Make
the written work brief, note all mistakes and have them
corrected in class under teacher's direction. Have pu
pils write short letters. Correct indenting, capitalization
and pronunciation. In both blackboard work and letter
writing encourage pupils to make word-pictures of
scenes or objects.
3. Define grammar, etymology, synta.r, inflection.
Ans. Grammar is the science and art which treats of
the principles and usages of language.
Etymology treats of the classification, derivation and
properties of words.
Syntax treats of the construction of sentences.
Inflection is the change in form undergone by a word
in indicating relations of person, gender, number, case.
4. Discuss (a) value of parsing; (b) How
- to secure
good results in parsing.
Ams. (a) Gives familiarity with the different inflec
tions, forces the learner to know the meaning of the sen
STATE OF KANSAS 43
tence, and the exact use of the word, as -well as its rela
tion to other words.
(b) Drill, drill, drill, accepting nothing but absolute
perfection, and requiring repetition upon repetition until
it is secured.
5. Parse the personal pronouns in the following sen
tence: ‘But who can tell us who we are *
Ans.—Us–First personal, plural number, masculine
gender, declined (here give declension), objective case,
object of “can tell,” rule.
We—First personal, plural number, masculine gender,
declined (here give declension, nominative case, used as
the predicate of who after are, rule.
6. Indicate the use and compare the adjectives in the
following: “God’s influence on the heart was like the
flowing wind free, felt, and yet mysterious.”
Ans.—“The” is a definite article and points out “heart.”
“Like,” adjective, qualifying, compared—Positive, like;
comparative, more like; superlative, most like. Used as
the predicate adjective of influence after was, rule.
Flowing is a present participle used as an adjective to
modify wind, rule.
Free, adjective, qualifying, compared, free, freer, freest,
modifies wind, rule.
Felt, past participle used as adjective to modify wind,
rule.
Mysterious, qualifying adjective, compared, mysterious,
more mysterious, most mysterious, modifies wind, rule.
7. How does the use of the aua'iliary verbs give added
power and accuracy to the English language?
Ans.—By increasing the modes of expressing action, be
ing or state, and of indicating the time in which it oc
curred, and other conditions attached thereto.
8. Parse the verbs in the following:
‘Howe'er it be, it seems to me
”tis only noble to be good.”
Ans. Be is irreg., intransitive, present, potential, third
singular to agree with its subject “it.”
Seems is irreg., intransitive, present, indicative, third,
sing. to agree with its subject “it.”
Is in “tis”, irreg., intrans., present indic, third, sing.,
to agree with subject “it.”
To be, pres., infinitive, 3d, sing., used to complete the
predicate “noble to be good.”
9. Analyze the following sentence: He stood there
trembling, his eyes glued on the terrifying monster.”

Ans.—Simple, declarative sentence, of which everything
but “stood there” is the subject.
He, the base of the subject, is modified by trembling, a
simple adjective element and by “his eyes . . . monster”
a complex adjective element of which with understood is
the connecting word, eyes is the base, modified by his, a
simple adjective element, and by “glued on . . . mon
ster,” an adjective element of which glued is the base,
modified by “on . . . monster,” an adverbial element,
of which on is the connecting word, and monster is the
base, modified by the and terrifying, two simple adjec
tive elements.
Stood is the basis of the predicate, modified by there,
a simple adverb.
10. Parse the italic words in sentence in question 9.
Ans.—There is an adverb of place, modifying the verb
stood.
Trembling is a present, active participle, used as an
adjective to modify he.
Glued is a past participle used as an adjective to modify
the noun eyes.
Terrifying is a present active participle, used as an ad
jective to modify monster.
CEOGRAPHY.
1.the teaching of geography what use would you
In
make of the schoolhouse grounds, the neighboring fields,
streams and hills?
Ans.—In giving ideas of plain, hill, stream, forest, kinds
of soil, directions and distances to primary or beginning
classes.
2. On a journey from your city or village to Topeka,
what cities, rivers, and public institutions would you pass?
Ans.—Kansas City is the seat of Quindaro University,
State School for the Blind and the Medical Department
of the State University. Leaving there I would pass
through Argentine, where there is a silver refinery,
through Holliday, DeSoto, Eudora, Lawrence, where is
located the State University and Haskell (Indian, U. S.)
Institute. Lecompton, the seat of the old territorial slave
government, and would run up the valley of the Kansas
River all the way, crossing the Wakarusa, the only trib
utary to the Kansas from the south of any considerable
S1ze. -
STATE OF KANSAS 45
3. Why should there be in every schoolroom a ther

mometer, a barometer, and a compass? What use would
you make of these in your geography classes?
Ans.— (a) For every day practical use to determine
temperature and condition of air pressure the thermom
eter and barometer should be maintained, and all three
should be used in instruction work in classes.
(b) Teaching temperature, humidity and pressure of
air, differing densities, storm indications, etc., from the
two former, and directions and how to determine loca
tion and direction by the compass.
4. Tell where each of the following-named countries is
situated, and give the form of government, prevailing re
ligion, and language in each country: Chili, Brazil, Swe
den, Persia, Australia, Austria.
Ans.—Chile : West coast country of South America,
Republic, Roman Catholic, Spanish.
Brazil: East coast country of South America, repub
lic (United States of Brazil), Roman Catholic, Portu
guese.
Sweden : Northern country of Europe, Kingdom, Pro
testant, Swedish (Scandinavian).
Persia: Southwestern country of Asia, absolute mon
archy (Shah, the ruler), Mohammedanism.
Australia: Island continent of the South Pacific, Col.
onial (Great Britain), (five colonies are united in the
Commonwealth of Australia, the governor of which is ap
pointed by the British Monarch, and the Legislature is
chosen by the people), Protestant, British.
Austria (Austria-Hungary): Southern Eurone, Em
pire, Catholic, language in the west (Austria) is Ger
manic and Latin; in the east (Hungary) Slavonic and
Semitic.
5. Compare the Rocky Mountains with the Himalayas
as to altitude, general direction and effect on climate.
Ans.—The Himalayas are much loftier, run mainly east
and west, and have great plateaus and deserts on the
north away from the sea, and remarkably fertile plains to
the south.
The Rockies are in many places of commanding alti
tude (but not so great as the Himalayas), have narrow,
fertile plains next the sea and arid table lands and plains
inland from the Pacific.
6. Compare Pennsylvania and Kansas as to shape, area,
character of surface, resources, cities and rivers.
46 COUNTY EXAMINATION Thu CSTIONS
Ans.—Both are parallellograms with irregular outlines

on the east (Pennsylvania having in addition a little
“panhandle” in the northwest), having their longer dimen
sion from east to west. Pennsylvania has an area of 45,215
square miles; Kansas, 82,080. Pennsylvania has a moun
tainous broken surface; Kansas, level or rolling. Penn
sylvania relies mainly upon mineral wealth, manufactories
and timber; Kansas mainly upon agriculture, live
stock and packing products, poultry and similar
industries—although she has valuable lead, zinc, oil,
salt and gas deposits. Pennsylvania has many great
rivers such as the Delaware, Susquehanna, and Ohio:
Kansas has two great rivers, Kansas and Arkansas, with
numerous tributaries; Pennsylvania has one city with a
population of 1% millions, one with a population of more
than % million, two with populations between 100,000 -
and 200,000, and 18 with populations between 20,000 and
100,000; Kansas has no city with a population of 100,000,
three between 40,000 and 75,000, and 10 between 10,000 and
40,000.
7. Why are the following-named cities important comi
mercial centers: Montreal, Detroit, Kansas City, Balti
more, Galveston?
Ans.—Montreal—Ocean steamships unload at its
wharves.
Detroit—Has water communication with the entire St.
Lawrence River basin. - -
Kansas City—Is the receiving and distributing point for
the middle west and southwest, made so by its situation
at the junction of the Kansas and Missouri Rivers.
Baltimore—Its fine harbor, and its convenient access to
the grain fields of the Central Lowland.
Galveston—Because it is a seaport for the produce of
the southwest.
8. The city of Quito and the mouths of the Amazon
River are about on the same latitude. How does the cli
mate differ and why?
Ans.—Both are almost on the equator. Quito is on a
mountain table land about two miles above the sea and
has a delightful climate. The Amazon mouths are at the
sea-level, are hot, moist, fever-breeding, unhealthy.
9. What are production maps? Why are they valuable?
Ans.— (a) Maps showing the natural resources of a
country or region of land.
(b) Furnish imformation as to where and how men may
STATE OF KANSAS 47
live, and the expense of securing the means of livino.

10. How can geography be taught through interstate or
international correspondence?
Ans. By each correspondent sending along with his
descriptive letter, maps marked showing location and dis
tances of cities, rivers, mountains, productions, and other
items of interest, and diagrams illustrating the compara
tive values of produce, distribution of schools, churches
and other institutions of civilization, etc.

1. What three qualifications must a candidate for the
House of Representatives have £
Ans.—Age 25 years; citizen of United States for 7
years; inhabitant of district from which chosen.
2. Who is president of the Senate? When has he a
vote?
Ans.—(a) The Vice President of the United States.
(b) When the oenate is equally divided.
3. How many Senators were in the United States Sen
ate in 1789? How many are in the Senate now?
Ans.—(a) Twenty-two.
(b) Ninety-two. As soon as the two new states are
represented (Arizona and New Mexico) the Senators
* will
number 96.
4. What is a quorum in each House? How does this
differ from the quorum required in the Kansas legislature?
Ans.— (a) A majority of its membership, for the trans
action of business. -
(b) It is the same in the Kansas Constitution.
5. What are the powers of Congress in regard to the
coining of money, the establishing of courts of law, the
borrowing of money?
Ans.—Congress has power to coin money, to constitute
tribunals inferior to the Supreme Court, and to borrow
money on the credit of the United States.
6. Name three things which Congress is prohibited
from doing.
Ams. Pass no bill of attainder or er post facto law.
- Lay no tax or duty on goods exported from any state.
Grant no title of nobility.
7. Name three things which states are prohibited from:
dO!?!g.
Ans.—Enter into no treaty, alliance, or confederation.

Grant no letters of marque and reprisal. Emit no bills
of credit.
8. What circumstances muy, deprive a state temporarily
of its representation in the United States Senate 2
A1.s.. -The death, resignation or expulsion of its Sen
atorS.
9. In case of the removal of the President for any cause
who becomes President? In case both are removed by
death, resignation, or other cause, who becomes Presi
dent 2
Ans.— (a) The Vice President.
(b) The cabinet members in the following succession:
Secretary of State, Secretary of the Treasury, Secretary
of War, Attorney Gei-eral, Postmaster General, Secretary
of the Navy, and Secretary of the Interior.
10. How would you use current events to show the
working of the constitution of the United States?
Ans.—By talking upon the power of the President in
signing and vetoing bills; powers and duties of the
Speaker, Vice President, Committees, Cabinet officers,
etc.; assigning topics as they arose in the newspaper re
ports, and asking and answering questions.

1. Why should teachers keep in touch with current af
fairs? How can this be done? (Be specific.)
Ans. (a) Because the school is the institution of the
state, the children must be trained for citizenship, and
that can be secured only through conviction founded upon
the history and doings of the government and the men
in charge of public affairs.
(b) By reading the newspapers, keeping in touch with
the world, and making “current events” and public men
a part of each dav's general exercises.
2. Name four purposes of the recitation.
Ans.—To increase knowledge of pupil, fix firmly knowl
edge secured, establish relation between knowledge of vari
ous kinds already obtained, and test the child's under
standing of subjects under discussion.
3. Discuss punishment as to purpose and methods.
Ans. Should be such as will prevent repetition of of
fense and maintain the morale and discipline of the school.
Should be corrective in aim and never vengeful. Should
STATE OF KANSAS 49
be such as will not “break the will,” nor humiliate too

greatly the self-respect of the offender. Should be ad
ministered as far as possible with little publicity, and
should not, except as a last resort, be corporal in char
acter. But it should follow certainly and exactly viola
tion of law; suiting the character of it to the individual
punished.
4. What is meant by the self-activity of the child, and
what is its relation to the learning act? -
Ans.—The impulse that proceeds from within, the keen
ness of the faculties to acquire knowledge, the sponta
neous working together of those faculties to secure the
desired result, and the restless energy of those faculties
to be doing something. This energy concentrated upon
learning is the engine that will secure the result, and,
when once enlisted, needs only a watchful guide to keep it
working along right and approved lines.
5. Why should a child regard a task as his own?
Ans.—So that he may have all the advantages of exer
cising mental faculties, and the feeling of self-pride and
accomplishment—to lead him to the next mental conflict
and victory.
6. How much should a pupil be helped, and how?
Ans. Just enough to direct his energics along the line
of thought and investigation that will lead him to accom
plish the task himself. Not enough to make him an intel
lectual parasite, a mental weakling.
7. How should the teacher regard mistakes on the part
of the pupil and turn them to a good use?
Ans.—As well-intentioned efforts to reach right conclu
`sions and should use them just as far as possible in enabl
ing the pupil to do his own thinking.
8. How may athletic earercises be of both moral and in
tellectual benefit to a school?
Ans.—By furnishing a vent for superabundant mentai
and physical activity and restlessness. By providing a
means to prevent mental fatigue. The learner whose
blood, properly aerated, is circulating freely thinks better,
has purer feelings, and has cleaner aspirations, than one
whose blood is slow and semi-poisoned by its own waste
matter.
9. What are the obligations on the school board in a
teacher’s contract? On the teacher? What is the redress
if either breaks the contract?
Ans.—(a) To provide proper facilities, house, furni
ture, and necessary appendages with which to conduct the

school, to support the teacher in all reasonable requirc
ments, to visit the school, and to confer with her in all
matters concerning the condition, management and disci.
pline of the school.
(b) To conduct the school properly, to make such re
ports to superintendent and board as the law requires, to
teach such branches as under the law the board prescribes.
and to keep such records and make such reports as the
law provides shall be kept and made.
(c) To appeal to the courts of law as in the case of any
other broken contract.
(10) Discuss opening exercises as to what to use, how
to use them, and the purposes to be accomplished.
Ans.— (a) Passages from the Bible, Lord's prayer, ex
cerpts from best literature, current events.
(b) TUse them to make better men and women of tº
pupils, and to teach the highest lessons in manhood and
citizenship.
PHYSICS.
(Omit any two of the following questions.
1. Define and illustrate (a) impenetrability; (b)
inertia. -
(a) The property by virtue of which a body occupies
space to the exclusion of all other matter, as driving a
nail into wood, the fibers of the wood resist the entrance
of the iron until they are forced out of the space occu
pied by them.
(b) The property by virtue of which a body continues
in its present state whether of motion or rest, until acted
upon by some other force, as, a ball set rolling will con
tinue to have that motion until brought to rest by some
other force, as friction, etc.
2. Define and illustrate each of the three kinds of equi
librium.
Ans.—Stable—Whenever displacement of a body’s posi
tion requires the raising of that body’s center f gravity,
as in the case of a book lying flat upon a table.
Unstable—Whenever displacement lowers the center of
gravity, as in the case of a thin book standing on its edge
or end.
Neutral—Where displacement neither raises nor lowers
the center of gravity, as in the case of a ball resting upon
the level top of a table.
STATE OF KANSAS 51
3. In a lever the weight is 240 pounds and the power is

48 pounds. The distance of the weight from the fulcrum
is 6 inchcs. What is the distance of the power from the
fulcrum?
Ans.—P=Power. P.D.–Power's distance from fulcrum.
L=Load. L.D.-Load's distance from fulcrum.
Statical Law, PXP.D.-LXL.D.
48X (?)=240X6 in.
Ar=30 inches, 2% feet, Power's Distance.
4. How can the density of alcohol be determined?
Ans.—Find the weight of a specific gravity bottle filled
with water, and also filled with alcohol. From each
weight subtract the weight of the empty bottle. Divide
the weight of the alcohol by that of the water, the quo
ient will be the density of alcohol. Of course the water
must be distilled, of an agreed temperature ( and at the
sea-level in order to constitute a standard.
5. By aid of a drawing explain the operation of the suc
tion pump.
6. What is the nature of heat? -
Ans.—A repellant force which proceeds outwards in
every direction in straight lines.
7. What is the effect on the pitch of doubling the length
of the vibrating string?
Ans.—The longer the string the lower the pitch, hence,
if the length be doubled the pitch will be lowered in the
same proportion.
8. How can the image of a burning candle be produced?
Show by means of a drawing.
Ans.—(a) Cut a hole about 4 inches square in one side
of a box; cover the hole with tinfoil, and prick a hole in
the foil with a pin. Place the box in a darkened room,
with a burning candle in the box near the pin-hole. Hold
an oiled-paper screen before the hole in the foil, outside
the box; an inverted image of the candle will appear on
the screen of oiled-paper.
(b) [For the applicant.]
9. What is the nature of color?
• Ans.—A wave of white light is not simple; but made
up of numerous waves having different degrees of re
frangibility. Then, if these waves be separated by re
fraction, the resulting waves will each manifest itself, ac
cording to its degree of refrangibility in color. The red
wave is the wave least refrangible, the violet the most,

hence, they will always appear after refraction in the
order they manifest in the rainbow.
10. Explain the dipping needle.
Ans. It is a magnetic needle so supported that it can
revolve only in a vertical plane. Placed over the + pole
of a bar-magnet, the needle takes a vertical position with
its — pole down. Carried along the bar, its — pole grad
ually rises, until it reaches the middle of the bar, where it
becomes horizontal. Continuing toward the – pole of
the bar, the + pole of the needle begins to dip, and in
creases dipping until at the – pole of the bar, the needle
is again vertical with its + pole down. If the same
needle be carried northward or southward along the
earth's surface, it will dip in the same way as it ap
proaches the polar recions, and be horizontal at or near
the equator. The points where it stands vertical are the
magnetic poles of the earth. A line drawn around the
earth connecting places that have no dip is the magnetic
equator. The angle made by the needle with a horizontal
line is its inclination or dip.
11. How can it be shown that there are two kinds of
electricity?
Ans.—By the dipping-needle and bar-magnet experi
ment described in the answer to question 10 above, by the
Leyden jar, and by the galvanometer.
12. Of what are the following units of measure: (a)
Volt; (b) ampere; (c) onm f
Ans. Volt, electro motive force.
Ampere, strength of current.
Ohm, resistance.
ORTHOGRAPHY.
1–5.
chloroform gratuity intricate
beneficence cognomen pageantry
incessant enthrall strychnine
eliminate tyrannize summary
enforcement crystalize inassacre
fabulous supersede society
discriminate reticence diffident
convalescent tenacious cyclopedia
psychology
Ans—[For the applicant. See any dictionary.] -
6. Define pronunciation. Discuss remedies for faults it
STATE OF KANSAs 53
pronunciation.
Ans.— (a) The act or mode of uttering words or parts
of words.
(b) The defects arise from the nature of language,
defects of the alphabet, physical defects of the pronouncer,
ignorance and carelessness on his part. Those arising
from the first two must be learned by experience; the third
can be overcome only by surgery or medicine; the fourth
and fifth only by continual drill in the correct form.
7. Define the following: Letter, word, equivalent, cog
nate, vocabulary.
Ans. Letter—A character used to represent an ele
mentary sound of the human voice.
Word—A letter or combination of letters used as the
sign of an idea.
Equivalent—A sound or letter that is equal to or may
be used as the substitute for another sound or letter is that
other sound or letter's equivalent.
Cognate—Sounds formed by the same, or nearly the
same, position of the organs are called cognate sounds.
Vocabulary—The words with which a speaker or writer
is so well-acquainted that he uses them readily and easily
to express his ideas, constitute his vocabulary.
Mark diacritically: Gneiss, eulogy, faucet, device,
}
cafe.
9. Discuss the results that should be secured through
the right teaching of orthography.
Ans.—An acquaintance with a large vocabulary. Rec
ognition of words at sight and by sound. Proner pro
nunciation, and ability to reproduce in correct form.
Facility in thought, as the attention is not diverted from
the sense to the form, because the latter comes as at:to
matically and exactly as “fingering” does to the pianist.
10. What are the advantages ard disadvantages of such
incentives as “head marks,” “spelling matches,” etc.?
Ans.—Disadavantages.—Strife is stirred up instead of
emulation.
The “natural born” speller becomes the object of envy
to the less gifted orthographic mediocre and plodder.
Cheating is encouraged. The attention is diverted from
more important matters, and the award goes often by
mistake, by accident, or ignorance, instead of by merit.
Finally the nervous system of the more ardent pupil is
placed under a severe strain from participating in these

Contests. -
Advantages.—The pupils master pronunciation, form,
and something of the meaning of every word, and can
correctly write as well as spell aloud every word.
PHYSIOLOGY.
1. Discuss the prevention
of (a) round shoulders; (b)
drooping neck; (c) spinal curvature.
Ans.— (a) Compel correct positions to be assumed in
standing and sitting, until habits are formed which will
not allow distortion of the bones, making “round shoul
ders.” Much good can be accomplished by requiring the
board to see that seats and desks are properly proportioned
to each other in height, in distance, and shape, and also
graded to the size of the pupils. The muscles of the back
are adequate to keep the spine erect and the shoulders in
proper position if correct habits are followed.
(b) Same precautions may be observed in case of
“drooping neck,” also observing eyesight, to see that the
distortion does not arise from attempt to accommodate he
vision to nearsightedness, etc. Calisthenic exercises having
in view the strengthening of the muscles used in these op
erations and the developing - of correct habits are very
valuable.
(c) The same considerations apply to curvature of the
spine cases. And clothing properly adjusted and fitted to
the body plays an important part in all these cases; but
more especially in cases of this character.
2. In digestion what is the- function of (a) rennin; (b)
pepsin; (c) ptyalin.
Ans—(a) To coagulate the caseinogen of milk.
(b) To convert proteids into peptones.
(c) To turn starch into soluble substances.
3. Give four rules that should be observed for the care
º
of the teeth.
Ans.—1. Remove particles of food by means of a thread
or a wooden tooth-pick aſter eating.
2. Brush after each meal and upon going to bed and
arising in the morning with a broad brush with precipitated
chalk or magnesia.
3. Never alternate hot and cold drinks or foods, nor
have either food or drink too hot nor too cold.
4. Upon first indication of decay consult a dentist.
STATE OF KANSAS 55
4. What is the effect of tobacco upon the heart?

Ans.—Disturbs the sympathetic nervous system upon
which the heart depends for healthy action. Produces
regularity and palpitation of the heart.
ir
5. How can the bleeding of an artery be stoppedº
Ans.—By establishing sufficient pressure to stop the cir
culation between the injured part and the heart.
6. Define the following terms: (a) pasteurize; (b) pto
maines; (c) antitorin.
Ans.—(a) To make free of germs.
(b) Animal alkaloid or base formed in the putrefaction
of the various albuminous substances.
(c) A substance prepared from the plasma of an animal
inoculated with a germ disease, which being injected into
the veins of a person suffering from that particular disease
will cure that person by killing the germs of the disease al
ready lodged in his system.
7. Give directions for preventing the spread of typhoid
fever.
Ans—Use no water from springs or wells that has not
been first boiled. Sterilize all water and fluids used about
the sick person, and destroy by burning all excretions from
the sick. Clean up yards and abate all nuisances by fire
that tend to accumulate filth.
8. What is the function of (a) the cerebrum; (b) the
cerebellum ?
Ans.—(a) The seat of the thought activities, conscious
ness and intelligence.
(b) Controls locomotion, and cordinates muscular
movements. -
9. What are the special functions of (a) the retina; (b)

the choroid coat of the eye; (c) the optic nerve 2
Ans.— (a) To receive and transmit light and vibrations
which are translated by the mind into sight or vision.
(b) To absorb rays of diffused light that have not come
to a focus upon the retina.
(c) To transmit the sensation of sight to the brain.
10. Of what value is the making of diagrams in physi
ology?
Ans.—Economizes the pupil's time by doing away with
the writing of volumes of analysis or written essay. Econ
omizes time and effort by the teacher observing at a glance
the pupil's understanding of the subject.
READING,
1. Why is it for the reader to catch the at
necessary
mosphere of the selection before attemping to express it?
Ans.—Without the “atmosphere” the learner can not
understand the thought or emotion involved. Without
understanding there is nothing to express.
2. What combination of methods do you use in teaching
beginners to read?
Ans.—Letter, word, and phonetic, eclectic.
3. Why do children frequently not use proper inflection
as maturally in reading as they do in conversation? What
is the remedy?
Ans.—(a) Because in the reading-class they become
nervous and self-conscious; because they have been taught
that loudness is required rather than clearness; because a
bad habit of indifference to reading as an exercise has been
inculcated. -
(b) Drill, exercise, drill, drill, drill!
4. What questions should be asked and what instruc
tions given in developing the following selection from thc
Fifth Reader:
“Our own, our country's honor, calls upon us for
a vigorous and manly exertion; and if we now shamefully
fail, we shall become infamous to the whole world. Let
us, then, rely on the goodness of our cause, and the aid
is,
of the Supreme Being, in whose hands victory ani
to
mate and encourage great and noble actions. The
to
us
countrymen upon us;

of
cyes all our are now and we shall

have their blessings and praises, happily we are the in
if
saving them from the tyranny meditated

of
struments
against them. Let us, therefore, animate and encourage
each other, and show the whole world that freeman con
a
tnding for liberty on his own ground superior any

to
is
slavish mercenary on earth.”—Washington.

feelings expressed by (a) orotund
of
Give
5.
class
a
quality; (b) aspirate quality; (c) guttural quality.

Ans.—(a) Sublime, elevated feelings.
(b) Caution, silence, suppressed- emotion.
' t
(c) Fear, rage, degraded passions.

STATE OF KANSAS 57
BOOKKEEPING.
1. Define: Bookkeeping, resource, liability, inventory.
Bookkeeping is a systematic method of keeping an ac
-
count of business transactions.
A resource is anything of value belonging to a business.
A liability is a debt which is owed by a business.
An inventory is the estimated value of goods or prop
erty remaining on hand.
2-3-4-5. June 1—Henry Smith began business with cash,
$600: Mdse., $1,000; he owes J. Jones on account, $75.
June 3—Bought for cash, Mdse., $140. Sold to R.
Rouse on account, Mdse., $35.
June 4—Paid J. Jones in f * on account, cash, $75.
June 5—Sold to R. White, Mdse, $80; received in pay
ment, cash $30, and his note for $50.
June 6—R. Rouse paid his account by cash, $35. Sold
Mdse, for cash, $69.
June 7—Sold to F. Arnold on account, Mdse., $25.
June 8—Sold Mdse. for cash, $37.
He sells his entire stock of merchandise for $700 cash.
Journalize, post, take trial balance and find loss or gain.
JUNE 1. 1910
75 00
15:2500
14000
35 00
75 00
:
80 00
35 00
69 00
25 00
37 00
. 700 00
-
5S COUNTY EXAMINATION QUESTIONS
HENEY SMITH, PROP.
=-
June TSTNet Loss 194001.June 1 152500
Wii,
_|Pres. 133100
152500|| 152500
1
| |
CASH.
600 00 || June |
June | 1 3 14000
5 30 00 4 | 75 00
| 6 35 00
6 69 00
8 37 00
8 70000
-
MERCHANDISE.
June |
§|
1 100000||June | 3 35 00
3 14000
; 0
7 25 00
8 37 00
–
8 700 00
8 Loss 19, GU)
- 1140 1140(...)
w
BILLS RECEIVABLE.
June
-
| | * * || | | |
-
J. JONES.
June 4 75 00 ||June. I 75 00
| || | | is wi'anel | |
*
R. ROUSE.
June ſ 3 35 00 |z|June
* | | <* june 6
| |
35 vo
F. ARNOLD.
June 7
|
25 00 la
| | |
|
LOSS AND GAIN.
-
June TSTMdse. 19400 || |June | 8 ||H. Smith,
Prop. 19400
19400 _|_ 19400
TRIAL BALANCE.
Henry Smith, Proprietor............. 152500
Cash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147100 215 00
Mdse. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114000 || 94600
Bills Receiveable................. .... | 50 00 -
F. Arnold...... ........................
- | # &
|25.00
- Esſº
|
STATE OF KANSAS 59
LITERATURE.
1. How poetry differ from prose with regard to
does
subject matter appeal and form 2
Ans.—Subject matter is imaginative creations and im
agery; it appeals to the emotions and feelings; in form
it is metrical and conforms to strict rule.
2. Show how the essay is the prose counterpart of the
cpic.
Ans.—The only resemblance that the writer can see is
that the epic deals with the achievements of some particu
lar hero or heroes, while the essay concerns itself with the
discussion of some particular subject in detail.
3. What is Matthew Arnold’s idea of poetry? Name his
best productions.
Ans.—(a) That it should be trained and deliberate,
rather than impassioned; objective, reposeful and coherent;
Wordsworthian in spiritualizing the materialistic age in
which he lived; and finally, exquisite, tasteful, thoughtful,
full of “sweetness and light.”
(b) The Buried Life, A Summer Night, Sohrab and
Rustum.
4. Classify “Sohrab and Rustum” as a poem. State the
theme of the poem.
Ans.— (a) Narrative.
(b) Is a duel between a father (Rustum), champion of
the Persians, and his son (Sohrab), chamnion of the Tar
tars, in which the father in disguise and under an assumed
name, slays his son, whom he does not know is in exist
ence. While the son is dying the relationship is disclosed,
and the grief-demented father is restrained from suicide
‘ly his expiring child. After obtaining his father's promise
to await Nature's summons to death, Sohrab removed the
spear from his wound and expired. His father falls prone
by the corpse, and the poem closes with the opposing ar
mies taking their evening meal and the river “flowed right
£or the polar Star, past Orgunje.” Greek in type and
treatment, the theme is the familiar Grecian one of Neme
sis nursuing the unhappy father for the sins and faults of
his youth.
5. Sketch the principal events in the life of Charles
Dick.cms. -
Ans.—A weakly, sensitive orphan boy; an eager reader
of miscellaneous books: a short hand writer, reporter and
journalist; then a novelist, reader and lecturer, and one of
the most popular of English writers. He visited America
and wrote a not very complimentary sketch of our people.
He died recognized as one of England's greatest novelists.

Born in 1812, died in 1870. His great novel “David Cop
perfield” is autobiographical.
6. What is the central theme and teachina of the Christ
mas Carol?
Ans.—That the genius of Christianity is love of and
service for humanity. That true happiness lies in gener
osity, cheerfulness, love of one's kind, and self-sacrifice.
7. Tell, briefly, the story of the hero in “The Man With
out a Country.”
Ans.—Philip Nolan, a young officer, falls into Burr's plot
of a southwestern empire, is court-martialled, and, fasci
nated by Burr, whom he almost worships, when the court
asks him for a statement before sentence, in a frenzy, he
curses the United States and hopes he may never hear of
it again. The sentence is that his hope be realized, that he
be placed in custody of a ship ready to depart on a long
cruise, that he never be permitted to see his country, nor
He always
it.
its name, nor be allowed to read about
is
prisoner, though treated guest, assigned state
as
a
a
a
room, and always has an officer near him. Papers and
books are carefully examined and every reference
to
the
United States cut out and destroyed before permitted
he
is
the country, nor must any
of
read. He must not talk

to
him. As soon the ship on which he sail

to
as
one talk
is
ing turns homeward he another ship
to
transferred
is
bound away from home. By this system transfers Nc

lan kept utter ignorance about the United States from of
in
is
years
30
1807, when he was age, until 1863, when he was

of
86. On his death-bed the story his country's marvellous

of
growth, but not the rebellion, was told him, and he

of
died happy the thought that he no longer “A Man

in
is
Without Country.”
a
State where the grades you would have your pupils

in
8.
read the several classics studied this institute Give

in
-
reasons for your answer.
Ans.—Dickens' Christmas Carol, 5th year
of
school life.
descriptive, story interesting, deals with children
Is
in
is
great part, told so simply that children understand and like

Man Without Country—6th year. Children are
it.
old enough feel and profit by the lesson patriotism

of
to
conveyed Nolan's history.

of
the recital
in
Sohrab and Rustum—7th year. Combines the story and

its teachings metrical form.
in
The Great Stone Face—8th year. Possibly children will

not get the full value Hawthorne's mental descriptions,
of
but the story will interest and elevate.

STATE of KANSAs 61
PENMANSHIP.
1.Write all the capital letters. .
For the applicant.
2. Do you teach the forearm movement? Why?
Ans.—Yes. It is the free, easy way of legible writing.
3. Should a uniform position of holding the pen be in
sisted upon? Give reasons for your answer.
Ans.—One should insist on a correct position of the body
and the pen, but this may differ slightly in different per
SOns.
4. Write the lower loop letters.
Ans.—The lower loop letters are: f, g, j, q, y, z.
COUNTY EXAMINATION QUESTIONS.–KANSAS.

July 1-2, 1910.
ALGEBRA.
1. Translate the language of the following problems into
algebraic symbols: What is the greater of two numbers
if the greater is three times the earcess of the less number,
.r,
over 12?
Ans.—3 (4–12).
Translate the algebraic symbols the following
of
2.
problem into arithmetical language:
aſa–H (b–c)l--(a-Hb-c).
Ans.—To the first number added the difference of the
is
by
second and third and this sum multiplied the first
is
number; this product then divided by the number ob
is
tained by adding the second number the first and sub
to
tracting the third number from this sum. -
State four algebraic arioms.

3.
(a) equal numbers,
to
the same number added
If If If If
is
the sums are equal.
(b) the same number subtracted from equal num
is
bers the remainders are equal.
(c) equal numbers are multiplied by the same num
ber, the products are equal.
(d) equal numbers are divided by the same num
ber, the quotients are equal.
State clearly how you show your pupils the difference
4.
between positive and negative quantities.

Easy problems involving the notions gain and
of
Ans.
loss, assets and liabilities, rise and fall thermometer,
of
a
and distances measured two opposite directions furnish
in
illustrating and explaining positive and

of
the best means

negative numbers and their relation each other. The
to
answers not only give the proper arithmetical numbers,

the two opposite qualities involved
of
but also indicate one

the problems. These problems should make clear the
in
fundamental notion that positive and negative differ from

quality and that the name simply
or or
each other kind

in
designates the kind quality the numer. Graphical

of
representation teaching
of
of
numbers useful means

is
a
positive and negative numbers

of
the nature
Perform indicated operations and check results:
5.
a—2ſ2a–b–(3a—2b–3 a-b F)].

SOLUTION.
a—2ſ2a–b–(3a–2b–3 a-b #)].
STATE OF KANSAs 63
=a—g[2a–b–(3a–2b–a–Hb)]
=a—2ſ2a—b–3a–H2b-Ha—bl
Ea—210
Check: - --
Put a-b=1 in the given expression and simplify
1—212—1–(3–2–3 1–1 h
=1—2ſ2–1—(3—2—0)]
=1—2ſ2–1—1]
=1
By similarly evaluating the result we have
a=1
Thus we obtain the same number both from the given
expression and from our result which indicates that the
simplification is correct.
6. Define terms: Monomial, polynomial, binomial. Give
an example of each.
-
Ans.—A monomial is an algebraic expression of one
term. Thus, 2a, 542), and may2 are monomials.
A polynomial is an algebraic expression of two or more
terms. Thus a+b, a 2+2+y+y2, and a 3–H3a2b-H 3abº-Hbº
are polynomials.
—
A binomial is a polynomial of two terms. Thus a+b,
a 3-Hyº, and 24-H33) are binomials.
7–3 (4–5)
7. Solve: =1.
4
SOLUTION.
7–3 (4-5)
= - (1)
- 4
Clear of fractions
7–3 (4–5) =4 (2)
Multiply out in left member
7–3++15 =4 (3)
Transpose terms
—3+ =4—7—15 (4)
Collect terms
—3.1: = —18 (5)
Divide by —3
+=6 (6)
—
Verification:
Put 6 for 4 in first equation.
7–3 (6–5)
=1
4
— =1
4
1 =1.
S. Solve for a and y and check :
*—2y= 6.
++2y=34.
SoLUTION. -
ar—2y= 6 (1)
ar—H2y=34 (2)
Subtract (2) from (1)
—4y=—28 (3)
Divide (3) by —4
- y=7. (4)
Substitute 7 for y in (1)
4—14=6 (5)
Transpose and collect in (5)
ar=20
Therefore ar-20 and y=7.
Check:
Substitute values of a and y in (1)
20–14– 6
6= 6 -
Substitute values of a and y in (2)
* 20+14=34
34=34.
9. A rectangle is 6 feet longer and 4 feet narrower than
a square of equal area. Find a side of the square and the
dimensions of the rectangle.
SoLUTION.
Let r=No. of
ft.
in
of
side square.
ofof of
Then 2–area square.

a
And ar-H6=No.
ft. ft.
length
of
rectangle.
in in
And 4–4–No.
of
width rectangle.
And (++6) (4-4)=area rectangle.
Since area rectangle
of
of
square
to
equal area
is
6)
(4-H (4–4)=ar” (1)

Multiply
in
left member
2-H2 r—24=42 (2)
a
Transpose
42—42-H24–24 (3)
STATE OF KANSAS 65
Collecting left member

24-24 (4)
Divide by 2 in
4:=12 (5)
Hence the side of square is 12
ft.
and the dimensions
rectangle are ft.
of
18
ft.
and
8
)(-r)
I
10. Simplify: ar—H—
(
3)
– -–
y
-
(+)(-; )=– ——
.4
.4-H E4'4"
y?
3y
y
The product
of
of
the sum and difference the same two
quantities equal their squares.
of
to
the difference
is
ARITH METIC.
teaching fractions how do you develop the func
of In
1.
tion (a) the numerator; (b) the denominator?

Ans.— (a) By using the divided rectangle the notion
of fractional unit can be illustrated. Thus can be
it
a
shown that the whole or any part of the whole can be

measured by comparing with one the equal parts into
which the whole has arbitrarily been divided. of
It
is
the
show how many of the
to
of
function the numerator

fractional units are taken. Thus, ,the numerator
94
in
the four equal parts

of
denotes that the whole are of

3
taken.
(b) The denominator, on the other hand, denotes the
part
of
fractional unit. Thus

as
the whole that

is
taken
a
34
the fraction the denominator indicates that the whole

in
has been divided into four equal parts and that one
of
the unit of measure for the thing measured.
is
them
Develop addition for first-grade pupil.
in
2.
lesson
a
Ans.—Suppose required
of
to
teach the addition - all

is
it
the pairs
of
numbers whose total

9.
is
Have each pupil supplied with grains corn (straws,

of
tooth picks, beans, etc.) Arrange work board thus:

9-H =9
8-H =9
7-H =9
6–1– =9
5-H =9
Let each pupil count out bunch nine grains... “Nine
of
a
grains and how many more make nine grains?” “No

more.”
The pupils then repeat: “Nine grains and no more

grains are nine grains, because nine and nothing are nine.”
The teacher then supplies the 0 on the board.
Similarly take up each of the other forms.
3. What is the cost of fencing a square quarter section
of land at 20 cents per rod?
SoLUTION.
-
square quarter section of land has 160 rods on each
&
S1Cle.
4×160 rods=640 rods, or no. of rods in the fence.
640X$.20=$128.00, or the cost of the fence at 20 cents
per rod.
4. The valuation of school district No. — is $475,630,
the district meeting asks for $951.26. What levy is re
quired to produce it?
SoLUTION.
$475,630Xrate=$951.26
Rate=$951.26-i-$475,630.00=.002.
Therefore the levy is two mills on the dollar.
5. What rate of income will United States 4’s produce
at 104% f
$104.50Xrate=$4.00
Rate=$4.00–$104.50=.0383
Therefore the rate of income is 3.83%.
6. Write a bill for groceries for one for a family of
three persons where the income is $75 per month.
SoLUTION. James Smith.
In account with Cooper Bros. Dr.
1910
June 27 | To 1 Sack of Flour..................... $1 55
“ Round Steak...... ......... - 15
* 1 Can Baking Powder.. 10 $1 S()
“ 28 ** 1 Pk. Potatoes..... :20
* 1 Basket Tomatoes 25
** 1 Head Cabbage. (.5 50
** 29 ** 1 DOz. Green Cor 15
** 2Lbs. Butter..... -- -- 60
“1 Sack Salt........................ - 10 85
* 30 * 1 Pk. Apples........................ 20
* Round Steak ....................... 15
* 7 Milk Tickets........... ........ - 50 85
July 1 “2 Doz. Eggs... ................. 35
“2 Qt. Geeen Peas... 15 50
“ 2 “ 2 Lbs Roast.......... 25
** 1 Doz. Green Corn 15
** 1 Basket Peaches..
“1 Pint Cream........................
-- -- - -
_| 20
16 76
5 ! :26
* 2 | By Cash ........... - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5
“ 2 || To is alance............................. 26
STATE OF KANSAS 67
7. The N. 34 of S. W. 4 and N. W. 4 of the N. W.

*4 section 8 is purchased at $35 per acre and sold at an
increase of 20 per cent. What is the price at which the
land is sold f
W.,
The N. of W. 80 acres and the N. W. of
S.
is
4
4
the N. W. Hence there were 120 acres
is
40 acres.
4
bought -
all.
in
120X$35.00-$4,200.00
or
of
the cost the land.
The selling price
or of
the cost
is
120%
$4,200.00X1.20=$5,040.00, the selling price
of
the land.
be
What would the tar on the above farm
8.
if
assessed
the first purchase price and the rate
at
12% mills?
is
or
$4,200.00X.012%=$51.24,
of
the amount tax.
Sir per cent $985.67 equals per cent
of
of
what
9.
8
wumber?
SoLUTION.
l
$985.67%.06=$59.1402
n=the required number
If
Then n×.08=59.1402
n=$59.1402––.08
=$739.2525.
of
Hence 6% $985.67 equals 8% $739.25. of

the capacity gallons
of
10. What circular tank
in
is
8
a
feet high
10
feet diameter and

in
SoLUTION.
v-volume, r=radius T=
of
the base, h-altitude and

If
right circular cylinder.

in
3.1416
a
=n Tr2h.
In this problem r=4 and h-10.
Then v-3.146X42}{10
=502.656 cu. ft.
question
to
Corrections.—The answer the seventh

in
arithmetic on Page 181, July number, should have been

10.02 instead of 10.12 minutes.
The last three lines the ninth question
to
the answer
in
arithmetic on Page 181, July number, should have been

as in
follows: There are

ft.
sq. sq. yd. Hence. 696

in
9
sq. ft.=77% sq. yds. 77%x$11%=$8.89%,

of
the cost
the plastering.”
LITERATURE.
Define epic. Name three great epics and show how
1.
story the founding of

of
nation.
is
each
a
Ans.—(a) The story some particular hero

or
of
heroes
told in verse suited to the elevated theme. -

(b) The Iliad, relating the downfall of Troy and the
retreat of the surviving Trojans who were to become the
founders of the Roman State.
The Odyssey, relating the adventures and wanderings of
Ulysses upon his return from the fall of Troy, resulting
in the union of the Greek States in confederation and the
beginning of Greek history.
The Aeneid, recital of the wanderings of and founding
of Rome by the Trojans under the leadership of Aeneas.
2. Distinguish as to realistic, idealistic and romantic
novels.
Ans. The realistic novel professes to be a picture of
life as it is.
The idealistic, as life ought to be.
The romantic, filled with adventure, love and the pas
sions, in which imagination is given free reign without re
gard to its realism.
3. (a) Upon what great Persian epic has Arnold based
his poem 2 (b) In what respects does Arnold deviate
from the original Persian story?
Ans. (a) Shah Namah (Book of the Kings|)
(b) Arnold repeats only one episode in the story of
Sohrab, which in turn is only an incident in the Shah
Namah. There were three combats between the father
and son. In the first, Sohrab had the advantage, but they
consented to call it a draw; in the second, Sohrab was
victor, but the third terminated fatally for iiim as Artold
records. Arnold closes with the army going into night
quarters after the death of Sohrab. The original story
goes on with the after events of Rustum's career.
4. Show clearly how Dickens' early life made him sym
pathetic with the sufferings of the poor.
Ans.—He was an orphan boy, and was himself so poor
that, amidst hardships, he was compelled to provide his
own way when a lad of tender years.
5. Write a sketch of Scrooge's character.
Ans.—Scrooge was a surly, morose, selfish miser, who
never enjoyed life himself and was tortured to see others
enjoy existence. Hence, he was close, hard and cruel in
his dealings with his employees, and those in contact with
whom he was thrown.
6. What is the great lesson of the story of Philip Nolan 2
Ans.—The brotherhood of man, especially of those men
who live under the same government, the delights of home
and the uplift of patriotism.
STATE OF KANSAS 69
7.Write a sketch of Hawthorne's life and literary work.

Ans.—Born in Salem, Massachusetts, 1804. Graduated
from Bowdoin College. Spent much of early life in soli
tude. Held government position in Salem Custom House
for several years. One of the founders of the Brook Farm
Colony at West Roxbury, Massachusetts, from 1841 to
1846. Married in 1842. Consul to Liverpool, England, un
der President Pierce. Idealist. Wrote The Scarlet Letter,
The House of Seven Gables, The Marble Faun, Twice
Told Tales, Tanglewood Tales, The Wonder Book. Pure,
quiet life, given to introspection, power of analysis and
imagination very marked. The Scarlet Letter is the best
book ever written by an American. Died in 1864, Amer
ica's greatest novelist.
8. Which story do you like the better, “Christmas Carol”
or “Great Stone Face?” Give reasons for your answer.
Ans.—(a) Christmas Carol.
(b) Because it is simpler, more pathetic, and appeals to
human nature more deeply and immediately.
Answer 2 in Literature in our July number should have

read as follows: The only resemblance that the writer
can see is that the epic deals with the achievements of
some particular hero or heroes, while the essay concerns
§:
detail.
with the discussion of some particular subject in
PENMANSHIP.
1. Writeall the small letters.
2. Write a short business letter.
Topeka, Kan., August 1, 1910.
The Mills Company, Topeka, Kan.
Gentlemen:—The box of goods arrived here last Thurs
day in good condition. I found everything to be exactly
as represented in your advertisement. The Royal waists are
in every way satisfactory. Thanking you for your prompt
ness and fair dealing, and assuring you that when I need
anything in the drygoods line my order will go to you,
I am, Yours truly.
MILDRED SHAKESPEARE.
3. What is meant by concept in teaching penmanship 2
Ans.—The picture or idea the child has in his mind of
the letters to be formed.
4. Of what value are dictation exercises?

Ans.—They give the pupil valuable practice in forming
letters, and incidentally, if the selections are made with
care, gives him introductions to the best literature.
PHYSIOLOGY.
1. What is the effect of narcotics upon bone growth?
Ans.—Retards and finally stops
it.
digestion?
on
of
2.What are the effects alcohol
Ans.—Prolongs and hinders the processes digestion,
of
by withdrawing water from the tissues and juices, inter
fering with muscular power stomach and intestines, and
of
paralyzing the sympathetic nervous centers that govern di
gestion.
the special function (a) the red blood cor
of
What
3.
is
puscles; (b) the white blood corpuscles?

Ans.— (a) Carry oxygen the tissues, and furnish
to
parent-substance bile pigment
of
(b) Not known positively. Possibly repair injured
to
tissue, fibrin-ferment, destroy injurious bac
to
of
source
a
teria.
What blood changes take place the lungs?
in
4.
Ans.--Carbon dioxide exhaled, and oxygen taken

is
is
to
into the blood burn up waste matter and convert into
it
carbon dioxide.
What are antitorins; serums? What antiseptic
5.
is
surgery?
Ans.— (a) capable counteracting the
of
substance
A
poisonous effects disease germs, and producing im

of
of
munity from certain diseases. The poison produced by

certain disease germs injected into the blood
of
is
in a
healthy animal, which causes develop
to
substance
a
the plasma that animal's blood that will kill the germs
of
that particular disease when injected

of
the blood of
in
person suffering from that disease. a

(b) The yellowish, watery fluid which separates from
blood-clot; the liquid portion the blood after remov
of
a
ing the blood corpuscles and fibrin; the thin, watery fluid
which separates from the muscle after the coagulation of
muscle-plasma; the whey Hence, the name ap
of
milk.
plied convey an anti-toxin.
to
to
the vehicle that

is
used
(c) which destroys, retards protects
or
A
substance
from putrefaction an antiseptic. Antiseptic surgery
is
is
surgery which insists upon systematic use

of
that system
a
antiseptics performing operations and dressing

of
in
STATE OF KANSAS 71
wounds. -
6. How are the following diseases spread: (a) Mal
arial fevel; (b) yellow fever?
Ans. (a) By the bite of a genus of mosquitoes
(anopheles).
(b) . By the bite of another genus of mosquitoes (steg
omyis fascista).
7. What is the function of (a) medulla oblongata; (b)
the spinal cord?
Ans.—(a) Deep origin for several pairs of cranial
nerves. Seat of nerve centers for control of vital func
tions, such as heart control, respiration, swallowing and
salivary secretions.
(b) Gray matter contains centers for reflex action, and
the white matter transmits nerve impulses.
8. What are the functions of (a) the cornea; (b) the
iris; (c) the earternal ear?
Ans.—(a) Gives shape and protection to the eye and
admits light to the interior of the ball.
(b) Regulate amount of light entering the eye by vary
ing size of pupil.
(c) To catch, converge and transmit sound-
to the ear
d ruin.
9. Give directions for the care of the ear.
Ans.—Keep clean by use of soap, water and a soft cloth.
Remove surplus collections of wax by dropping in a
little sweet oil, and then syringe the canal with warm wa
ter until it is clean. Introduce no pin, pencil, or foreign
hard body into the ear.
10. What is the principal value of the study of physiol
ogy in school?
Ans. To teach enough knowledge of one's physical self
to enable the learner to adopt such measures as will keep
him clean and in a condition of health. To put one upon
guard concerning his manners and habits.

1. Outline the subject-matter in history suitable to Grades
Three and Four. What should be accomplished by this
work in these grades?
Ans. (a) Anecdotes and biographical sketches, anni
versary celebrations (such as Washington's Birthday, Lin
coln's Birthday, Flag Day, State Day, etc.), short talks
about current happenings, selections from reading and
geography having historical interest.
(b) Information secured, reading habit acquired, civic

ideals formed, a training in citizenship, taste formed for
historical subjects, and an appreciation of pupil's rights
and duties toward his fellows, the school as a whole, and
the public.
2. Illustrate the influence of (a) temperature, (b) rain
fall, (c) land configuration, upon the history of a nation.
Ans.—(a) Determining factor in clothes, food, work,
-
and recreation, etc.
(b) Kinds of occupation, shelter, protection, produc
tions, etc.
(c) Industries, pursuits (mining, agriculture, fishing),
relations to other nations, etc. -
3. What were the chief conflicting claims to territory
and the basis of each claim?
Ans.—French and Spanish—The southeastern coast,
based on explorations and attempted settlements of De
Soto and Menendez for Spain, and of Ribaut and Lau
donierre for France.
French and English—The St. Lawrence, Great Lakes,
and Mississippi territories, based on the discoveries of
Cabot, Raleigh and Gilbert for the English, and of Car
tier and Roberval for the French, and the explorations
and settlements of the London and Plymouth Colmpanies
for the English and of Frenchmen from Champlain to
La Salle and Frontenac for the French.
English and Spanish—The limits of Florida, Spain's
title to which was based upon explorations of De Soto
and his successors, and the English claim resting upon the
settlements in the Carolina and Georgia countries.
English and Dutch—The possession of the country
around the Hudson River, English resting upon the ex
plorations and settlements of the New England colonists,
and the Dutch claiming by virtue of the discoveries of
Hudson and the establishment of trading posts.
This question is answered upon the theory that the
carliest controversies are referred to.
4. Make an outline of Massachusetts, covering the
following points: (a) Settled when, (b) date of settle
ment; (c) leading persons and classes of colonists; (d)
object of settlement; (e) forms of government, local and
in relation to mother country.
Ans.— (a) Salem and Boston.
(b) 1628 at Salem. 1630 at Boston.
(c) Puritans and Separatists; men seeking to make
STATE OF KANSAS 73
homes, with religious sentiment controlling them rather

than commercial considerations; they established a narrow
and bigoted theocracy (almost), led by John Endicott,
John Winthrop, Richard Mather, John Cotton, and
Thomas 1Hooker.
(d) . To establish freedom of worship and religion; but
only of their kind of religion.
(e) The town was the basis of government, taking pat
tern after the English parish. Selectmen chosen by the
town had oversight of town affairs, civil and ecclesiastical,
care of church, education, poor, roads ,etc., and the elec
tion of officers, a pure demoracy.
The original charter included the election by the com
pany stockholders of a governor, deputy-governor, and
eighteen assistants annually, and the company meetings, four
times each year in what was called the General Court.
Within a few years the towns each elected two deputies
to the General Court at Boston. At first these deputies
sat with the assistants; later alone, where they constituted
the lower house of the colonial legislature, and the assist
ants the upper house. At the same time, the assistants
were administrative officers and sat as a judicial body to
try cases. The freemen then elected the governor, deputy
governor and assistants. Thus, in local government (the
town) the colony was a pure democracy; and in general
government it was a small republic.
In relation to England all this was an assumption of un
authorized power, and in 1684 the charter was annulled by
an English court, and the government became Royal.
5. Discuss the necessity for the Pilgrim compact.
Ans.—They did not land within the company grant as
they had intended to do, hence the charter which they held
from the Company was void. They were thus “for bet
ter ordering and preservation” compelled to form them
selves into a “civil body politick.”
6. What was the proclamution line of 1763?
Ans.—In the treaty of 1763, the French divided their
possessions at the middle of the Mississippi River from
its source to a point just north of the city of New Or
leans. To Great Britain, they gave all their territory east
of this line; to Spain, all west of this line together with
the city of New Orleans. As soon as the King of Eng
land got possession of this territory ceded to him he drew
the “proclamation line” which turned all the Mississippi
Valley into the Indian country, and so cut off any claim
of the colonies of English ownership.

because
7. Discuss second Continental Congress as to (a)
the
work accomplished; (b) authority.
Ans. (a) Declared for independence, conducted the
Revolutionary war to a successful close, governed the con
federation through the critical period, and until the new
government was established.
(b) The authority up to the adoption of the articles
of confederation was self-assumed, and was acquiesced
in only by consent. After the articles went into effect the
Congress was of course limited by those articles.
8. What was the origin and what was the purpose of
the Annapolis Trade Convention?
Ans. (a) Its origin was in a circular letter sent out
by Virginia to her sister states, asking them to appoint
delegates to meet at Annapolis, in September, 1786.
(b) To “take into consideration the trade and com
merce ef the United States.”
9. Give a brief account of the Louisiana Purchase.
Ans.—In 1763, France ceded the territory to Spain. In
1800, by secret treaty Spain receded it to France. In 1802,
this secret leaked out, and with it the news that Napo
leon was going to send troops to occupy Jef
it.
President
Congress purchase
of
to
ferson then obtained the consent
West Florida and New Orleans from France, and sent
negotiate the sale. When the offer was made,
to
Monroe
Napoleon was going war with England and needed
to
money. So made the counter proposition sell the en

he
to
tire territory west
of
the river for $15,000,000. The offer

was gladly accepted, and possession was given Decem in
ber, 1803.
10. State definitely the causes and the results the of
-
Merican war.
to
Ans.—When Texas was admitted the Union she had

dispute over the boundary between Mexico and herself.
a
as
Texas claimed the Rio Grande her western boundary

its source, and then
to
to
from its mouth line due north

a
the 42d degree north latitude. Mexico claimed the Nueces

River the boundary. President Polk directed General
as
Taylor occupy the disputed territory with

to
United
a
States army. Two battles occurred

as
of
result this
a
occupation, and the United States Congress declared that

war existed by the act
of
Mexico.
(b) Mexico was compelled cede the disputed terri
to
tory, and addition all the territory south the Oregon

of
in
country, west the Rocky Mountains and north

of
of
the
STATE OF KANSAS 75
Gila River to the Pacific Ocean, receiving therefor $15,

000,000 The United States in addition to the 15 millions
agreed to pay claims our citizens had against Mexico
amounting to 3% millions. The area of the country re
ceived by the United States was 522,568 square miles.

1. What is the constitutional provision concerning the
salary of the President of the United States? What sal
ary does the President now receive?
(a) He receives at stated times a fixed compensation
which can neither be increased nor diminished during the
period for which he shall have been elected, and he shall
not receive within that period any other emolument from
the United States, or any of them.
(b) Since March 4, 1909, $75,000 per annum.
2. When may the President convene both houses of Con
gress?
Ans.—Whenever, in his judgment, the public necessity
is so great as to constitute an “extraordinary occasion.”
3. Must the trial of all crimes be by jury?
Ans.—Yes.
4. Could Congress make a new state from parts of
Teras and Colorado º Give reasons for your answer.
Ans. Yes, if the Legislatures of both States consent,
the constitution so provides. See Clause 1, Sec. 3, Art. 4.
But the question probably is based upon the fact that the
two States are not contiguous. Neither Congress nor the
States mentioned would project such a union of non-con
tiguous territory.
5. What test can never be required as a qualification to
any office or public trust under the United States?
Ans.—“No religious test shall ever be required.” Clause
3, Art. 6.
6. Name five men who took a prominent part in the
constitutional convention.
Ans.—George Washington, James Wilson, Roger Sher
man, Edmund Randolph, Alexander Hamilton.
7. What does the constitution require the United States
to guarantee to every state in the Union?
Ans.—A republican form of government.
8. How many electors does Kansas have in the electoral
college? Why that number?
Ans.— (a) Ten.
(b) Because she is entitled under the constitution to
one elector for each Representative and Senator in Con

gress, and she has eight representatives and two senators.
9. How can the Postal Savings Bank bill now before
Congress become a law? Give the successive steps.
Ans.—By being adopted by a majority of a quorum in
each house, and receiving the signature of the President.
10. Who was appointed recently Associate Justice of the
Supreme Court? By whom was the appointment inade?
Was confirmation necessary? What caused the vacancy?
Ans.—(a) Charles E. Hughes, Governor of New York
S tate.
(b) President W. H. Taft.
(c) Yes. By the United States Senate.
(d) Death of Associate Justice Brewer.
HISTORY OF KANSAS.
1. Who was President of the United States when the
Louisiana Territory was purchased? Why was it bought?
Why was it sold?
Ans.— (a) Thomas Jefferson.
(b) For expanse of territory; to control both banks of
the Mississippi River, a great commercial highway; to
protect frontier from the ambitions of the French, and
from the Indians; to obtain control of the mouth of the
Mississippi River.
(c) Because Napoleon had no navy to protect it in the
war with England which was just breaking out; because
he needed ready money with which to carry on the war;
to strengthen the United States should she become em
broiled in a war against England, by providing England
with a rival which could cope with her on something like
even terms by such an increase in wealth and - strategic po
sition.
2. Two members of the Wyandotte Constitutional Con
vention some years after the admission of the state were
in the United States senate from Kansas. Name the two.
Ans.—John J. Ingalls and Edmund G. Ross.
3. Give briefly the substance of the Kansas-Nebraska
bill. How did the bill affect Kansas 2
Ans.— (a) It annulled the Missouri Compromise, and
provided that the people of the territory should decide
whether it should be free or slave.
(b) It gave the territory a large increase in immigrant
free population and homebuilders; threw it into confusion,
bloodshed and border warfare, and after several years of
STATE OF KANSAS 77
such conflict, brought the state into the Union as a free

State.
4. What Kansas poet has written verses to the memory
of John Brown? Where, in Kansas, is there a monument
of Brown?
Ans. (a) Eugene F. Ware (Ironquill).
(b) Osawatomie.
5. How did the United States government help to de
velop Kansas by encouraging railroad building?
Ans.—By granting to various railway corporations large
tracts of land. The United States gave to the Union Pa
cific directly 6,000,000 acres. The State of Kansas trans
ferred to the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe its grant
from the United States of 3,000,000 acres.
5. How did the United States government help Kansas
in the establishing of schools?
Ans.—By granting sections 16 and 36 in every township
to the state for the use of schools.
7. How did the Missouri Compromise and the Compro
mise of 1850 affect Kansas f -
Ans.—By the Missouri Compromise, Kansas was free
territory, being north of 36° 30—, the southern boundary
of Missouri.
The Compromise of 1850 repealed the Missouri Com
promise, and left the territory a prey to the slave interest.
8. How does the climate in the counties adjacent to the
Colorado line differ from that in the counties along the
Missouri line?
Ans.—The elevation is about 3,000 feet higher; less
moisture in the air; the atmosphere contains relatively
more oxgen; winds are more frequent and have a greater
velocity; rainfall is much less; the difference in the ex
tremes of winter and summer temperatures is greater.
9. Name the two United States senators and all the
members of Congress from Kansas.
Ans. Senators: Charles Curtis and Joseph L. Bristow.
Representatives: D. R. Anthony, Charles F. Scott, P.
P. Campbell, J. M. Miller, W. A. Calderhead. W. A. Reed
er, E. H. Madison, and Victor Murdock.
10. How would you use an outline map in teaching the
history of Kansas f
Ans.—Have pupils trace the streams; locate the capital
and first class cities and other noted cities and towns:
show the highlands, the mineral deposits, the coal strata.
the oil district, the corn country, potato fields, wheat re
7S COUNTY EXAMINATION QUESTIONS
gion, fruit belt, live stock territory, packing houses, cream

eries, , etc., etc.: locate the state institutions, principal
schools, monuments, etc., etc.; trace the Santa Fe Trail,
and the principal railways (A. T. & S. F., Rock Island,
Missouri Pacific, Union Pacific, etc.).

1. Why should teachers be generally well informed out
side of purely teart-book matter? Be specific.
Ans.—So that their own ideals may be formed upon
correct basis and true judgments, in order that they thus
may impart lofty standards of character and conduct to
the children to whom their word is law and their judg
ment infallible.
2. What is the relation between experience and brain
development?
Ans.—Experience develops the brain; but the develop
ment can not be symmetrical and perfect, having due re
gard to the growth and use of each faculty, unless the ex
perience be catholic and universal, supplying all the knowl
edge of the past in itself. This can hardly occur, and so
the brain depends upon reading, study, meditation and
conference for the fullest and most nearly perfect growth.
3. What do you attend institute for? What should you
attend for?
Ans.— (a) So that I may “brush up” for examination,
and be thrown in contact with the superintendent and the
school employment officers.
(b) To profit by the wisdom and experience to be rath
ered there from books and the words and lives of other
teachers, learning especially the best way to manage, drill,
develop and educate the children in the highest and best
Sense
4. Define perception; imagination;memory.
Ans.— (a) The faculty by which the mind interprets
the sensations peculiar to the five senses, thus supplying
notions and ideas.
(b) The faculty by which the mind purposely con
structs out of its past experiences new conceptions and
ideals directed to some certain end or result.
(c) The faculty by which the mind recalls and repre
sents its past experiences
5. Show how the child’s interest in a new subject may
be developed. Illustrate by some particular subject.
Ans.—By exciting his curiosity with talks about it and
STATE OF KANSAS 79
asking him such questions as will lead him to investigate

the new subject in order to arrive at correct answers to
your inquiries. Suppose it be the subject of irrigation.
Attention is called to the Rocky Ford melons and the
Grand Junction peaches of Colorado, their size, quality,
quantity, etc. Naturally the questions arise why and how
this result is secured, and leads to the Mormon experi
ences in fruit-raising and agriculture in Utah, etc., etc.
6. Discuss proper and improper methods of questioning.
Ans.—That method of questioning is proper which leads
the pupil to investigate, to think, to ascertain the answer
for himself. The method must be varied to suit the needs
of the individual learner, according to his temperament,
past experiences, and present environments. Questioning
is improper which answers itself, or is placed like a crutch
to support hasty and imperfect preparation.
7. How may pupils be taught to pick out the important
points in a lesson?
Ans.—By reading the lesson over with the teacher and
by question and answer finding out what the lesson is
about.
8. What is the educational value of play? Erplain.
Ans.—It rests the mind and prevents fatigue of both the
umental and physical powers. “All work and no play makes
Jack a dull boy,” is a maxim as true as it is old.
9. How may children be taught to recognize the dignity
of labor?
Ans.—By the perfect equality of treatment bestowed in
the school upon the rich and poor, the professional man
and the laboring man alike. By showing through history
and story the movers of the world, the benefactors of so
ciety, and the heroes of church and state are those who
have labored unceasingly for the good of others.
10 Discuss the value of variety in methods of conduct
ing a recitation.
Ans.—Variety relieves the monotony which steals like
the dry rot into the same formula administered day after
day. Variety keeps alive the interest, and encourages in
vestigation and research. Variety insures the placing of a
subject in that particular light which commends it to each
kind of intelligence to each phenomenon of mind that can
be found in the class.

3. What is the value of dictation erercises in language
work f
SO County ExAMINATION QUESTIONs
Ans.—The learner hears the spoken word, uses his men

tal faculties in reproducing the form of each word, ac
quires facility in the use of the hand in representing the
word, and becomes familiar with the proper form as he
it,
writes thus ear, notion-forming, eye, and hand are all
brought into harmonious, correlated use.
What methods do you employ make the criticism
to
2.
composition work valuable your class?
of
to
Ans.—Have the pupils exchange papers, and criticise the
work after has been corrected. Have the work placed
it
upon the board, and criticise each exercise by the aid
of
the class.
Collect the written papers and correct carefully, handing
.
back for rewriting.
What arguments may urged for the deferring
of
be
3.
the study formal grammar until the seventh grade?

of
Ans.— (a) Formal grammar merely arbitrary and its
is
rules are purely artificial.
(b) The most laborious and time-requiring phase
of
grammar study speech and ac
of
to
master the forms

is
quire facility their use, and this requires all the time
in
study during the first six years.

to
that can be devoted

(c) The child not qualified during the first years
to
is
grammar.
of
deal with the abstractions and subtleties
of
of
What the basis the classification words into
4.
is
“parts of speech”?
Ans.—The use and meaning
of
the words.
Illustrate sentences the attributive, predicative, and
in
5.
adjectives.
of
the factitive use

Ans.— (a) Good men are rare.
(b) Few men are good.
(co.. He made men good.
Define voice, mode, tense, person, number.
6.
Ans.— (a) Modification transitive verb which in

is of
a
dicates whether the subject acting acted upon.

or
is
or of
(b) The form the verb which shows the man

or
use
ner which the action being expressed.
in
is
of
of
(c) The form
or
use the verb which shows time

being.
or
the action
(d) The variation form which verb undergoes ac
in of in
cording the person its subject.

to
(e) The variation

to
form accord with the number

of its subject.
synopsis any verb you may choose
of
Write
in
7.
the
a
second, singular, indicative, passive.

STATE OF KANSAS 81
Ans.—Present, art loved; ; Pres. Perf, hast been loved;

Past, wast loved; Past Perf, hadst been loved; Future,
shalt or wilt be loved; Future Perfect, shalt or wilt have
been loved.
8. Define phrase; clause. Illustrate the classes of pharses
as to use.
Ans.— (a) A group of words in a sentence which are
closely related but do not express a complete thought.
(b) A dependent portion of a sentence containing a
subject and predicate, and hence expressing a complete
thought.
(c) Adjective, The group of boys ran away. Adverb,
He came to ask aid. Noun, To go is pleasant.
9. Analyze the following sentence: “Keep thy heart
with all diligence; for out of it are the issues of life.”
Ans.—Complex, imperative sentence, of which “Keep
• - - - - - - - diligence” is the principal clause, of which (you)
understood is the subject and “Keep ........ diligence” is
the predicate, of which keep is the base, modified by thy
heart, an objective element, of which heart is the base,
modified by thy, an adjective element. Keep is further
modified by with all diligence, an adverbial element, of
which with is the connective, diligence is the base, modi
fied by all, an adjective element.
For is the connective of the subordinate clause. Issues
is the subject modified by the, an adjective element, and
by of life, an adjective phrase, of which of is the relation
word and life is the base. Are is the predicate modified
the re
it,
by out of adverbial phrase,

of
of
an
which out
is
lation word and the base.
is
it
10. Parse italicized words question

in
in
9.
sentence
Ans.—Keep verb irreg., transitive, active, imperative,
is
a
2d singular, agree with its subject you understood

to
Thy second personal pronoun, singular, masculine,

is
a
antecedent person addressed, possessive case,

is
second
;
modifies heart.
For, conjunction, connects the subordinate proposition
principal. Out of, preposition, shows relation between
it to
and are.
The word irregular Gram

to
8,
the answer Question

in
mar, page 184, July number, should have been printed

regular.
-82 COUNTY EXAMINATION QUESTIONS
ORTHOGRAPHY.
social surgeon nutritious
laconic peaceable burlesque
arrogant avarice gondolier
chalice detrimental translucent
deficit villain cymbal
fallacy righteous conceivable
siphon intercede forcible
participial ventricle
Synagogue efficient
Ans.—(For applicant. See any dictionary.)
6. Define vowel; consonant; digraph; trigraph.
Ans. (a) A letter which represents an unmodified or
uninterrupted tone of the human voice.
(b) A letter which represents a sound of the voice
modified or interrupted by the organs of speech.
(c) An improper diphthong in which one vowel is
silent.
(d) An improper triphthong, the union of three vowels
in a syllable, one of two of which are silent.
7. Give meaning of the following abbreviations: Id., et
al., L.L. D., F. O. B., M.S.
Ans.—Id—the same.
et al.-and others
LL. D.—Doctor of Laws.
F. O. B.-Free on board.
MS.—Manuscript. -
8. Define primitive word; derivative word; affires.
Ans.— (a) A word having its simplest original form
without prefix or suffix.
(b) A word formed from another word by adding a
prefix or suffix, or both, to a primitive word.
(c) The addition of a syllable or word at the close of
a word to modify its meaning.
9. Mark diacritically: Ally; plover; indictment; mis
chievous, granary.
Ans.—(For applicant.)
10. Discuss methods of teaching spelling in the first four
grades.
Ans.—First by use of cards and pictures; by black
board and slate-work; by oral spelling; by spelling-down;
by written spelling.
STATE OF KANSAS 83
BOOKKEEPING.
1. Define statement; single entry; double entry; insol
vency.
A statement is a summary of the accounts of the ledger,

together with the inventories, showing resources, liabil
ities, losses, and gains of the business.
In single entry ledger accounts are kept only with per
sons and no attention is paid to keeping debits and cred
its equal. -
Double entry is a system of bookkeeping in which

ledger accounts are kept with persons, property, and
things, and each debit has a corresponding credit.
Insolvency is the condition of the business in which
the liabilities exceed the resources.
2-3-4-5. Journalize, post, take trial balance, and find
loss or gain:
July 1—James White began business with the follow
ing resources: Cash, $1,200; mase., $4,000; O. Harper,
$100; John Smith, $60.
Liabilities: Note in favor of M. James, $400; Geo.
Bell, on account, $700.
July 2—Sells mdse. for cash, $75; pays drayage and
freight in cash, $12.
July 3—Sells O. Harper, moise., $50; receives his note
for same and for amount due on account, $150.
Sells for cash, mase., $60.
July 4—John Smith buys mdse., $75; pays cash $50,
balance on account.
Pays clerk hire in cash, $10.
July 5–Proprietor gave his note to Geo. Bell in full
of account, $700.
July 6—John Smith pays cash on account, $20. Pays
store rent in cash, $25.
Sold mase. for cash, $72.
Inventory, $3,600,
S4 COUNTY EXAMINATION QUESTIONS
JULY 1, 1910.
Cash ................ . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . $120000

Mdse.................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400000
O. Harper.......... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 00
John Smith............................ 60 00
Bills Pay..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | $40000
Geo. Bell........ . . ............... | 700 00
James White...................... 426000
2 Cash ........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 00 ||
Mdse................................ | 75 00
2 Mdse ........... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 00
Cash ............ ................... 12 00
3 | Bills Rec................................ 150 00
Mdse......... ...................... 50 00
O. Harper.......................... 10000
3 Cash .......... ......................... 60 00 ||
Mdse................................ 60 00
4 | Cash ............ .. . .................. 50 00
John Smith............................ 25 00
Mdse................................ 75 00
4 Expense................................ 10 00
Cash............. ........... ...... 10 00
5 | Geo. Bell............................... 700 90
Bills Pay........................... 700 00
6 || Cash ........ - - - -- -- - - - - -- - -- - - - - - - - - 20 00
John Smith..... . . . . . . . . .. ...... 20 00
6 || Expense................................ 25 00
Cash . . . . . . . . . ............. ........ 25 00
6 | Cash.................................. 72 00
Mdse. .............................. 72 00
July | 6 | Net Loss

Pres. With.
JAMES WHITE, Prop.
115 00|| July | 1
A14500
426000
- 426000
42r,000
CASH.
July | 1 120000; July 2 12 00
2 75 00 4 10 00
3 60 00 6 25 00
4 50 00
6 20 00
6 72 00
MERCHANDISE.
July | 1 400000||July 2 75 00
2 12 00 3 50 00
3 60 00
T
4 75 00
6 72 00
6 Inventory 3600 00
L088 S0 00
— ——. —1–| –– 401200:

| −'
44)1:200
STATE OF RANSAS 8.5
O.H.A.R.PER
1 100 3 100 00
July | | | WFus |
JOHN SMITH
July TT 60 00 July 6 20 00
| 4 | | | 25 00, | -
BILLS PAYABLE.
| | | | |luly
| 5
#
400 00
70000
GEO. BELL
July 5
|July. 1 | 700 00
| | | |700 00
BILLS RECEIVABLE .
July | | * | | | |
EXPENSE.
-
July 4 ||July
10 00 | 6 ||Loss 35 00
6 25 00 - -
35 00 _|_35 00
LOSS & GAIN.

July TöTMdse. . 80 00 July | 6 || Net Loss I15 00
----
July | 6 || Expense 35 00
00
IIs
115
on
I
TRIAL BALANCE
White........................... 4260
º
Hºmes
Jash 147700
77 47 00
| |
||
.
..
.
..
.
.
.
.
..
.
.
.
..
..
.
.
..
..
..
..
. . ..
Mdse. ............................ 4012(0 3:3:200

.
.. .
..
John Smith...................... 85 00 20 00
Bills Payable .......................... - 110000
Hills Receivable...........
00
150
Expense..............
.
..
..
..
.
..
.
35 00
..
..
..
..
..
.
.
..
.
.
..
00
5750
575000 |-tº-",
|
GEOGRAPHY.
1. How would you explain to a classthe causes for the
difference between the climate of Kansas and that
- of Cal
ifornia?
Ans.—The presence of the Pacific Ocean and the Jap
anese current on the west and the high mountains to the
eastward, not only make the climate of California mild
and moist by condensing the vapor in rainfall on the west
ern slopes of the mountains, but the same mountains cut
off the territory to the eastward from the same mild and
moist currents of the air. Then Kansas is situated so
far inland that she does not derive the full benefit from
the Great Lakes nor the Gulf of Mexico. Hence, the cl:
mate of Kansas is more rigorous, drier, and manife cs
greater extremes of temperature than is and does that
of California.
2. Name the European governments that own terr.tory
in South America. Where are these possessions?
Ans. Great Britain, the Netherlands, and France. The
territory known as Guiana is divided into three parts,
known respectively as British, Dutch and French Guiana.
The three lie side by side east of Venezuela and north of
Brazil, each having a coast upon the Atlantic Ocean, and
lying in the order named above from west to cast.
3. Compare three North American Rivers with three
South American rivers, as to general course, value to
commerce. Name two great cities, if there are any, on
each of the rivers named.
Ans. (a) Plata, in Argentina; south and southeast;
ocean-going trade in cattle, hides, wool, wheat, machin
ery; estuary of the combined Uruguay and Parana
Rivers; drains 1,150,000 square miles of territory into the
Atlantic; Montevideo and Buenos Aires.
Mississippi, in United States; south and southeast;
ocean-going and inland trade in cotton, sugar, corn,
wheat, etc.; drains 1,250,000 square miles into the Gulf
of Mexico, an arm of the Atlantic; New Orleans, St.
Louis.
(b) Orinoco, in Venezuela; flows east into the Atlan
tic; coffee, llanos, rubber, dye-woods, gold; drains 425,
000 square miles; no large cities.
St. Lawrence, in Canada; flows east and northeast into
the Gulf of St. Lawrence, an arm of the Atlantic; furs,
drains 565,000 square miles; Montreal and Que
lºat
ec.
STATE OF KANSAS S7
(c) Amazon in Brazil, Bolivia and Colombia; east,

Southeast, northeast into the Atlantic Ocean; coffee, dye
woods, rubber, gold, all equatorial products; drains 2,320,
000 square miles; no great cities.
Mackenzie in British America; north and northwest
into the Arctic Ocean; no commercial value; drains 680,
000 square miles; no great cities.
4. Give the causes of volcanoes; name three, and tell
where each is situated. Name one disastrous eruption
in ancient times; and three eruptions in modern times.
Ans.— (a) No one knows. It is supposed that they
are the result of the upheaval and sinking of the earth's
surface.
(b) Vesuvius, near Naples, Italy; Aetna, on the Island
of Sicily; Chimborazo, Ecuador, South America.
(c) Vesuvius in 79 A. D.
(d) Krakatoa, Mount Pelee, and Kilauea.
5. What causes have made the following-named cities
important commercial centers: Seattle, San Francisco,
Pittsburg (Pa.), Kansas City, Hamburg, Buenos Aires?
Ans.—Seattle, its position on Puget Sound in the midst
of the coal and lumber region.
San Francisco, its fine harbor, near the first site of the
gold discovery, and at present the easy access to the
wheat and fruit country.
Pittsburg (Pa.), in the heart of the bituminous coal,
petroleum, and natural gas region, and from its position
at the head of the Ohio River.
Kansas City. at the junction of the Missouri Rivers,
a gateway for the grains, cattle, hogs, sheep, potatoes,
corn, and other agricultural products of the great south
West.
Hamburg, from its position on the Elbe has direct
communication by water with the sea.
Buenos Aires, seaport of almost the entire Plata Val
1ey.
6. Compare Turkey and Switzerland as to people, form
of government, prevailing religion. Give capital of each
and title of ruler.
Ans.—Switzerland, are mixed German, French and
Italian, honest, frugal, industrions, and intelligent; re
public; Protestant : Bern; President.
Turkey, mixed blood of ancient mountaineers and of
Southwestern Asia and the peoples of Asia Minor and
Southeastern Europe, not so frugal nor industrious as are
the Swiss; absolute monarchy; Mohammedans; Constan

tinople; Sultan.
7. Give five leading erports from the United States.
Give five imports.
Ans.— (a) Cotton, pork and beef products, flour, iron
and steel goods, machinery.
(b) Sugar, coffee, woolen, cotton and silk cloth, iron
and steel goods, drugs and chemicals.
8. The forticth parallel of latitude is the northern
boundary of Kansas. The same line passes through Por
tugal, Spain and Italy. How do the countries named dif
fer from Kansas in climate, and why?
Ans.—The climate is much milder, because the warm
Gulf stream passes along the Atlantic shores and one of
its branches enters the Mediterranean Sea and bathes the
Italian and Spanish shores.
9. Give six influences which modify climate.
Ans.—The presence of large bodies of water: the near
ness of high mountain ranges; currents in the neighbor
ing sea; direction and character of prevailing - atmos
pheric currents; altitude; latitude.
10. What use would you make of relief maps in your
geography classes?
Ans.—To show relative character of surface as moun
tainous, table land, rolling plains, river valley; presence
and distribution of water, lumber, mines, etc.
READING.
1. What is the relative importance of the thought and
the mechanics of reading?
Ans. The thought is the substance to be conveyed, the
mechanics the medium by which that substance is con
veyed. Substance is vastly more important than form or
expression.
2. (a) Illustrate the following statement: “In every
sentence there is a main idea.” (b) What is the man
ner of expressing the main- idea the first time it is men
tioned?
Ans.— (a) In this particular sentence, the main or
central idea is found in the word idea, but not idea sim
ply, but a main idea. The idiomatic form the sentence
takes is for the sake of euphony, and stated baldly it
would read, “A main idea is in every sentence.” Thus
“main idea” is the subject about which the statement is
made.
STATE OF KANSAS 89
(b) In the plainest, simplest way possible, as a state

ment of fact, emphasizing that main idea.
3. What preparation for each lesson should be made
(a) by the pupil; (b) by the teacher?
Ans.— (a) The pupil should be able to define and un
derstand the meaning of each word in the selection. He
should be able to express the thought in his own words,
and to convey his thought or understanding forcibly and
clearly to his hearers by reading
to it.
do all that the pupil
be
(b) The teacher should able
illustrate and ex
to
does and more. She should be able
pand the story and the thought involved by informa
in
it
tion supplied from her own store knowledge.
of
This
she will secure by careful thought, and much collateral
reading.
by
feelings pressed (a) explosive
of
ea
Give
4.
class
a
form; (b) e.t.pulsive form; (c) pure tone.

Ans.— (a) Excited command entreaty action,
or
to
as
fire, some impending
or
battle, presence
of
in
in
in
a
danger.
(b) animated, interested narration description.
In
or
(c) Tranquil, easy, normal state
of
mental activities
and feelings.
be
asked and what instruc

5.
tion given developing the following selection from the

in
Fourth Reader:
Long years ago winter sun
a
setting;
at
Shone over [the schoolhousel

it
up
Lit its western window panes,

And low eaves’ icy fretting.
touched the tangled golden curls,
It
grieving,
of
And brown eyes full

Of one who still her steps delayed
When all the school were leaving.
For near her stood the little boy
Her childish favor singled;
His cap pulled low upon face
a
Where pride and shame were mingled.

Pushing with restless feet the snow
To right and left, lingered—
he
As restlessly her tiny hands

The blue-checked apron fingered.
—Whittier.
Ans.—IFor the applicant.]
PHYSICS.
1. Define and illustrate (a) ductility; (b) cohesion.
Ans.— (a) The property by which a substance may be
drawn out into wire, as gold, platinum, etc.
(b) The force by which molecules of the same sub
stance are held together, as the molecule of glass. To
distinguish it from adhesion, by virtue of which particles
of dust or unlike particles cling to matter, as chalk to
blackboard, etc.
2. What is the law of the conservation of energy?
Ans.—Force is not destroyed, the manifestation of
energy changes; but energy continues. The heat of the
sun is imprisoned in coal; but released, it heats water,
converts that water to steam, the steam expands in the
steam chect, imparts motion to the piston, the wheels re
volve overcoming friction and gravity and the load is
pulled. Thus the energy of the sun is conserved in the
coal, and converted into work in moving a train.
3. How many foot-pounds of work are required to raise
125 pounds 25 feet?
Ans.—-125×25=3,125 foot-pounds.
4. What effect does the diameter of capillary tubes have
on the height to which liquids will rise in them?
Ans.—The smaller the tube, the higher the liquid will
r1Se.
5. In what way does the action of the siphon depend
upon the atmospheric pressure?
Ans.—The pressure of the atmosphere being removed
from the siphon tube by suction, the pressure of the at
mosphere upon the surface of the liquid within the reser
voir, being unbalanced, forces the liquid to rise through
out the length of one arm into the other arm, from which
gravity operating upon the liquid, makes the flow of
quid constant.
li
6. How does the scale of the centigrade thermometer
differ from that of the Fahrenheit thermometer?
Ans.—The zero of the Fahrenheit scale is established
its
by a mixture of salt and ice, and boiling point

of
that
is
boiling water the sea-level, the distance between the two

at
by
upon the scale, placed mercury column,

of
the side
a
divided into 212 equal parts called degrees. The point

is
marked 32° beginning zero the freezing point of

at
is
water, thus the number degrees between the freezino,

of
and boiling point 180. The freezing point

of
water
is
is
STATE OF KANSAS 91
marked zero on the Centigrade scale and 100 is the boil

ing point. Thus, 180° F.E.100 C., or % of degree F.—1
degree C., or 1° F.=% C., and account of the difference
of 32° between the zeroes of the respective scales must
be taken note of in expressing one in terms of the other.
Thus: 0° F (zero)= —(% of 32) C., or —17%.” C.
7. How can it be shown to the senses that a sounding
body is vibrating?
Ans.—The touch will feel it by contact; if fast enough,
the ear will hear it; if intense enough, the eye will see
it.
light?
of
What the nature
8.
is
of
Ans.—A form vibrations set up the luminiferous
in
aether capable affecting the optic nerve and producing
of
sight. Thus light
of
the sensation force.
is
a
Trace ray light from air into water.
of
9.
Ans.—If the ray light parallel with the water

of
be
surface will not enter the denser medium. the rav
If
it
light be perpendicular with the water-surface

of
will
it
pass through the water without denarture from the di
the point the ray strike the
of
at
rection incidence.
If
an oblique angle, will be bent toward
at
water-surface
the perpendicular it
the point
of
to
the water-surface
to at
incidence. Light passing from rarer denser me
a
a
dium bent toward the perpendicular.

is
10. Describe (a) temporary magnets, (b) permanent

Anagnets.
Ans.— (a) soft iron surrounded by
of
is of
core helix
A
insulated wire through which a

electricity
of
current
a
passing becomes temporary magnet. Break the current

a
electricity and the core ceases

of
be
Or
a to
magnet.
a
a
piece of soft iron may become temporary magnet

permanent magnet.
to
while attacled
a
(b) steel bar once magnetized keeps its magnetism,

A
and hence permanent magnet.

is is
a
the theory the lightning rod?

of
11. What
to as
Ans.—That will good conductor carry the elec

it
tricity the earth, and vice versa, thus

of
the clouds
avoiding the wrecking buildings by choosing path
of
through the structure.

12. What an electromagnet?
is
Ans.—A temporarv magnet created by the passage

of
electricity through
of
current helix around core.

a
a
a
-
GENERAL HISTORY.
1. What were the charges against Warren Hastings?
Was he convicted?
Ans.--(a) Extortion, corruption, oppression, high
crimes and misdemeanors in office while at the head of
East India Company. Trial began in 1788 and terminated
in 1794. - -- -
(b) No, he was acquitted.
2. Associate an important event with each of the fol
lowing names: Edmund Burke, Trafalgar, William
Ewart Gladstone, I&obert Emmett, Black Hole of Calcutta.
Ans.—(a) The French Revolution.
(bg The naval victory outside the harbor of Cadiz,
Spain, in which Horatio Nelson lost his life.
(c) The Irish Home Rule agitation.
(do Was executed because he was striving to make
Ireland an independent nation.
(e) A close dungeon less than 20 feet square situated
in the city of Calcutta in which were confined during a
dreadful summer night in 1756, 145 English men and one
English woman. One hundred and twenty-three died dur
ing the night. This atrocity was perpetrated by the Na
-
bob of Bengal.
3. Under whose reign was the union of Great Britain
and Ireland accomplished? That of Scotland and England 2
Were the Acts of Union cheerfully acccpted by the peo
ples of the two countries?
Ans.— (a) George III, 1801.
(b) Queen Anne, 1707.
(c) They were not in either country.
4. State briefly the difference between the causes which
led to the American Revolution and those which led to the
French Revolution.
Ans.—The causes which led to the American Revolution
-
were mainly political ones:
Taxation without representation.
Attempt to control colonial trade and industry by Par
liament and King.
Interference with local self-government of the colonies.
The causes of the French Revolution were religious and
social, as well as political:
Oppression of court and nobility.
Insufficiency of creature comforts of life.
The corruption and excesses of the church. -
The teachings of the encyclopedists and philosophers.
STATE OF KANSAS 93
5. How did George I, a Hanoverian, inherit the throne

of Great Britain?
Ans.—The succession to the throne could be Protestant
only. Queen Anne (1714) died, leaving the throne to the
Protestant branch of her family. The nearest in that suc
cession was the son of Sophia, Electress of Hanover, who
had died shortly before. Her son George, heir to the elec
torate and also to the British throne, was crowned King
George, the first of...that name.
6. What was the South Sea Bubble?
Ans.—John Law, a Scotchman who administered the
financial affairs of France during the minority of Louis
XV, in order to make the notes issued by his National
Bank popular, formed companies for investment on the
Mississippi River and in the South Seas. He induced the
gulls to believe these stocks were paying huge dividends
and all who could raise any money put it into the venture.
The crash when it came was tremendo.1s, nothing was left,
and the valuelessness of it all was indicated by calling it
a “bubble.”
7. What do you understand by the term “The Regency”
used in British history, 1810-1820? Why was there a Re
gency?
Ans.—George III was periodically insane, and his son
George IV governed under the title of Regent from 1810
to 1820, during which period the King was permanently
111sane.
8.
give the causes and results of the Sepoy Mutiny,
1857-758.
Ans.—Causes.—Uneasiness amongst the native peoples
of India at the introduction of railroads and European
ways and interference with native religious customs. The
immediate cause was the introduction (rumored ) of new
cartridges greased with beef-fat and hog-lard. Beef-cattle
are sacred to Hindoos and the hog hateful and soul-pol
luting to Mohammedans, so both religious persuasions
joined in the revolt.
Results.-After massacres and sieges of frightful suffer
ing and magnificent heroisms the mutiny was put down:
the East India Company dissolved ; the government taken
over by the British crown; consideration was shown the
wishes, prejudices, manners and customs of the Indian
peoples and finally in 1877 Queen Victoria was proclaimed
Empress of India.
9. Which of the two houses of the British Parliament is

directly representative of the people? Why?
Ans.— (a) House of Commons.
(b) Its members are chosen by the people in fixed elec
tion districts.
10. Name the countries which ex-President Roosevelt
visited on his journey back from Africa. Did the govern
ments of those countries receive him as a private citizen,
or as a representative of the American people?
Ans.—Egypt, Italy, Austria, Germany, Sweden, Norway,
Belgium, Holland, Denmark, France, England. As a pri
vate citizen, except in England he was extraordinary Am
bassador of the United States to attend the funeral of Ed
ward VII,
STATE OF KANSAS 9:,
COUNTY EXAMINATION QUESTIONS-KANSAS.

July 29-30, 1910.
ARITHMETIC.
1. Multiply and prove by casting out 9's : 87634X|398=.
SoLUTION.
87634}{398=34,878,332.
Proof:
Exsess 87,634=1; excess
in in 398=2; excess in
34,878,332=2. 1X2=2. The excess in 2 is 2. As this
excess equals the excess of 34,878,332 the work is checked.
2. A steel rail weighing 72 pounds per yard is 30 feet
it,
long. How many men are needed in carrying each man
carrying pounds? Solve and analyze.
90
SoLUTION.
30X72
-8
3X90
carry the rail.
to
Therefore men are needed
8
Analysis:
yard,
as
30 feet there are
in
feet
in
Since there are

3
yards.
30
10
or
many yards contained times
in
as
72 is
3
yard weighs yards will weigh 10×72 lbs.

10
lbs.,
If
1
one man can carry 90 lbs., will take
in as
or
If
it
720 lbs.
90
many men carry 720 lbs.

as
contained times
to
is
720 or men.
8
Draw schoolroom scale" 32X34 feet; locate win

to
3.
dows, doors and blackboard. Scale feet inch.

to
1
8

part
of
man walked the fifth breakwater which

A
4.
yards long. How far did

he
was mile 243 rods walk

&
5
1
mi. 243 rd. yd.–3101% yd.

5
1
46X3101% yd.–620%0 yd.

620%0 yd.=112 rol. 4%0 yd.
—
Therefore the man walked 112 rā. 4%0 yd.
feet long
40
Find the cost building cement walk

of
5.
and feet wide $1.25 per square yard.

at
4
40X4X$1.25
=$22.22.
9
of
man owning four-sevenths ship sold two-fifths

A
6.
the ship.
of
his share for $8000. Fine whole value

of
ship=$8000.
of of of
of of of
%X44 value
8%; value ship=$8000.
ship=%X$8000
or
j%; value $1000.

Value of ship=35×$1000 or $35,000.

7. Whatwill it cost to floor the schoolroom in problem
3 with sir-inch matched flooring at $22 per M? Allow
one-fifth for matching.
SoLUTION.
32X34=1088, or number of feet of flooring without al
lowing for matching.
Addº, of 1088 which gives 1,306 ft.,
ft.
or
or
ft.
218 -
flooring needed. -
of
of
1:umber feet
1306)×$22=$28.73.
Find for 5% years 5% per cent.
at
of
8.
the amount $894

SoLUTION.
$894X.05%=$49.17, interest for year.
or or
1
$49.17×5%=$270.43 interest for 5% yers.
or
$894+$270.43=$1164.43, the amount.”
How many gallons will rectangular tank feet
9.
2
a
wide, feet long contain?
18
10
inches deep and --- - - -
24X18X120
— gal.
of
or
=224.415, No. the tank.
in
231
Why analysis teaching arithmetic?
so
essential
in
is
10.
Ans. Analysis essential for the following reasons:
is
helps the pupil think the problem through and

to
It
1.
given and what re

to
discriminate between what

is
is
-
quired.
-
helps the pupil see the logical relation
of
to
the
It
2.
the proper
to
steps take the steps

of
the solution and
in
-
order.
teaches the pupil solution more than merely
3.
is
It
*
getting the answer. -
trains the pupil
of
the habit clear thinking.—

in
4.
It
ALGEBRA.
Translate the language the following problem into
of
1.
algebraic symbols: the average age two men,

of
What
is
the age the first being 30, and the second af

of
of
-
-
30+a
Ans.—
2
Translate the algebraic symbols the following

of
2.
problem into arithmetical language:

(9–1)+(3–H2)
X
(11—8). - -
divided by the sum
of
Ans.—The difference and

is
9
by
quotient multiplied
of
and and the the difference

is
2
of 11 and
8.
STATE OF KANSAS 97
3. Make and define the symbols of aggregation.

Ans.—The parenthesis, (), bracket, [], brace, } }, bar
or vinculum, , are used to indicate that the number
symbols grouped within them are to be used collectively,
4. e.,
single number.
as
i.
a
State clearly how you make plain pupils
of
to
class
a
signs multiplication.
of
the law
in
Ans.—The multiplication positive and negative num
of of
the process multiplication
of
bers natural extension
is
a
arithmetic. Just arithmetic we take the multipli
as
in
in
cand additively when the multiplier positive integer,
is
a
nega
so
we take subtractively when the multiplier
is
it
a
tive integer. The four possible cases may be thus shown:
(1) Multiply (+4) by (-1-3).
(+3) (+4)=-|-(+4) (+4)—H·(+4)=-|-12.
×
+
(2) Multiply (—4) by (+3).
(+3) (–4)=-|-(–4)+(−4)+(−4)=–12.
×
(3) Multiply (+4) by (–3).

(–3) (+4)=—(+4)–(+4)–(+4)=-|-(–4)
×
+(−4)+(−4)=–12.
-
.
.
Subtracting positive number equivalent adding
to
is
a
a
negative number
of
the same absolute value.

(4) Multiply (–4) (–3)
by
tº
(–3) (–4)=–(–4)–(–4)–(–4)=-|-(+4)+(+4)
×
+(+)=-|-12.
Subtracting negative number equivalent adding
to
is
a
a
positive number
of
the same absolute value.

From (1) and (4) we have the law that like signs
of
multiplicand and multiplier give positive product.
a
(From (2) and (3) we have the law that unlike signs
—
multiplicand and multiplier give negative product.
of
a
1
Solve and check: —-H =%

5.
4–2 (++2)
3
SoLUTION.
—-H —=%
1
(1)
4–2 3(4-H2)
Clear of fractions
(4-H2)+7 (4–2)=2 (4–2) (4-H2) (2)
3
Multiply out each member

in
34-1–6––74–14=24%—8 (3)
Transpose
—2+2+3++74–14–8—6 (4)
Collect terms
98 CouſNTY EXAMINATION QUESTIONS
—2+2+10+=0 (5)
Divide by —2
42–54 =0 (6)
Factor left member
a (r—5)=0 º (7)
Hence r-0
Or r—5=0
And 3r-5
.. ar=0 or 4:=5.
Verification:
—
Substitute 0 for 4 in (1)
1 7
—
0–2
—
3 (0–1–2)
=%
—%+%=%
—%+%=%
%–
%–%.
—
Substitute 5 for a in (1)
—
1 7
—— =%
5–2 3 (5-H2)
+:=;
%–1–43–34
Since both 0 and 5 satisfy the equation each is a root.

6. Solve for r and y and check :
%ar-i-'43)=30.
%2-H4% y-30.
SOLUTION.
%.r-H4%y=30 (1)
%4-H42y=30 (2)
Multiply (1) by 12 -
64-H4y=360 (3)
Multiply (2) by 18
6++9y=540 (4)
5y=180 (5)
Divide (5) by 5
3)=36 (6)
%a-L12=30 (7)
Transpose 12 in (7)
3%ar=18 (8)
Multiply (8) by 2
ar=36 (9)
STATE OF KANSAs 99
Therefore r-36 and y=36.

Verification: -
Substitute 36 for a and 36 for y in (1)
% (36)+% (36)=30
18 –– 12 =30
- 30–30
Substitute 36 for r and 36 for y in (2)
% (36)+% (36)=30
12 -- 18 –30
30–30
Thus these values for a and y satisfy both the equa
tions.
7. Divide a line fifteen inches long into two parts such
that one is three-quarters of the other.
SoLUTION.
Let r= No. of inches in longer part.
34:
Then — = No. of inches in shorter part.
4
34:
And 4-H — = No. of inches in the whole line.
4
But 15=No. of inches in the whole line.
Therefore we have the equation
34:
ar—H— =15 (1)
4
Clear of fractions
44-H3+=60 (2)
Collect terms
747–60 - (3)
Divide by 7
ar=8% (4)
34:
Then — =6% (5)
4
Therefore the parts are respectively 8% and 6% inches
long.
8. Solve for the unknown and check : 34%—75=0.
SoLUTION.
34-2–75–0 (1)
Transpose 75
34-2–75 (2)
Divide by 3
42=25 (3)
Take square root of both members -

4 = +5
(4)
...
the roots this equation are +5 and —5.
of
Verification:
Substitute +5 for (1)
in
r
75–75–0
0–0
Substitute —5 for (1)
in
r
75–75–0
0-0
These values satisfy the equation and are, therefore,
roots of the equation.
Factor a*44–19 a2+2–92.
9.
SoLUTION.
ała 4–19q24.2–92=(a2a2–23)
is of (a2a2+4).
10. The area rectangular field, which three times
is
a
as
as
long wide, 480 square rods. What are the dimen

of
sions the field?

I,et = No. rol. width of the field.
in in
34 a
length
of
Then No. rā. the field.
And 3.12–No. sq. rq. area.
in in
But 480=No. sq., rd. area.

Hence we have the equation
342–480 (1)
Divide by
3
42–160 (2)
Take square root
of
both members
4-12.65
of
The width the rectangle 12.65 rq. and the

is
length 37.95 rq.

or
3X12.65 rā.
is
Length 3X12.65 rq., 37.95 rq.

or
is
LITERATURE.
Define elegy, and name the four great personal elegies,
1.
for whom written, and by whom written.

Ans.—(a) poem
of
A
sorrow and bereavement written

of
praise
of
in
the virtue and worth one deceased.

(b)
In
the writer's estimation, the four equally great,

as
as
any other four poems

at
of
least, this class are:

“Adonais,” for Keats, by Shelley.
“In Memoriam.” for Hallam, by Tennyson.
“Captain, Captain,” for Lincoln, by Whitman.
O
From “The Commemoration Ode,” for Lincoln, by

Lowell.
STATE OF KANSAS 101
2. What is the difference between comedy and tragedy?

IWhich is “The Merchant of Venice?” Which is “Ham
let?” Erplain your answers. -
Ans.— (a) Involves the sober, sadder passions, and the
play is accompanied with bloodshed or death.
(b) “The Merchant of Venice” is a tragi-comedy.
Tragic in the near-death episode involving Shylock, An
tonio and the pound of flesh, and comedy in the love affairs
of Bassanio and Portia, Jessica and Lorenzo, Gratiano and
Nerissa. Shakespeare evidently intended to write a pure
comedy, but his sense of justice would not permit him to
make a comic clown out of the abused Jew, hence his
near approach to a tragedy.
(c) “Hamlet” is accompanied with ghosts, death, sui
cide, murder, sombre plot and counterplot, and is there
fore a tragedy of the most pronounced type.
3. In a single brief sentence state the fact or incident
in each section of “Sohrab and Rustum” necessary for the
development of the plot.
Ans.—Sohrab plans to see his father by awakening that
father's interest in his prowess as a soldier.
The challenge extended to single combat by Sohrab's
messenger.
Rustum takes up the gage in plain arms as an unknown
-
Persian champion.
Sohrab endeavors to identify his antagonist as Rustum.
In the fight Sohrab twice secures the advantage, but will
- -
not destroy his foe.
Rustum takes the advantage when proffered him by the
chance and crash of fight, and wounds Sohrab to the
death.
Told of Sohrab's identity as his son, Rustum demands
proof and is convinced. -
The father and son are reunited in the moment of
death, and the father promises all that Sohrab asks.
With Sohrab's death night comes down upon the em
battled hosts.
“And Rustum and his son were left alone.”
4. What do you consider the climax in “Sohrab and
Rustum?” Why?
Ans.— (a)
“Then Rustum raised his head; his dreadful eyes
Glared, and he shook on high his menacing spear,
And shouted: Rustum !—Sohrab heard- that shout,
And shrank amazed.”
102 County EXAMINATION QUESTIONs
(b) Because at this point the tragedy begins its last

progress, and the mystery is revealed in Sohrab's knowl
edge.
5. What are some of the abuses against which Dickens
arouses public sentiment? Name the novels.
Ans.—Against the English Boys' School. “Nicholas
Nickleby.”
Against imprisonment for debt. “Pickwick Papers.”
Against the schools of people whose financial condition
is better than that of the patrons -of Dotheboys Hall.
“David Copperfield.’
Against the evils of poorhouses and the - treatment of
orphans. “Oliver Twist.”
6. Show how Scrooge's surroundings are used to reveal
his character.
Ans.—His penuriousness in the expenses and fittings of
his office, in the salary, he pays his clerks, the require
ments he makes of them, the fear they entertain for him,
the loneliness and desolation of his office and his home.
7. Discuss the life of E. E. Hale as to environment, ed
ucation, and religion. -
Ans.—He was surrounded by anti-slavery sentiment and
by the New England intolerance for everything opposed
to liberty of thought and conscience. He was educated
with intense love for his country and a deep and wide
knowledge of books and men. His religion was that of
the deist, a Unitarian of the most advanced type.
8. What is the allegory, and what is the main lesson of
the story of the “Great Stone Face?”
Ans.—The Great Stone Face is the outline of the ideal
man. Gathergold is the man of money who has set up
the wrong standard and, because he has successfully mod
eled his life upon that standard, the multitude find in him
the personified Great Stone Face, he has come out of the,
valley of hope and desire and has achieved popularity, but
not real manhood. Blood-and-Thunder in another way
has sought to achieve with the sword what the other
sought to do with the purse, he too attains to mouth
honor of the populace; yet he fails miserably. So with
the statesman, and poet—each fails, but each successive
one comes a little nearer the realized ideal—the poet so
near that he knows that he does not have the features of
the Stone Face—so near that he sees that the humble, pa
tient, natural, self-sacrificing altruism of Ernest daily put
into practice is all of the Beautiful, the True and the Good
that go to make up the ideal of human character.
STATE OF KANSAS 103
Thus the allegory and the lesson are written inextri

cably together.
PHYSICS.
1. Explain and illustrate (a) velocity; (b) acceleration.
Ans.— (a) Velocity is the rate of motion with which a
body travels. The velocity of a cannon ball may be less
than that of a rifle ball, that less dis
is,
will move
it
a
tance in second of time than does rifle ball.
a
a
(b) constant force acting upon moving body pro
A
a
accelerated motion that body. Thus, gravity
in
is
duces
constant force—a falling body will fall from position
of a
a
rest during the first second flight 16.08 feet.
of
to If
gravity were cease entirely the body would fall, due
to
the acceleration, 32.16 feet.

the teaching physics with regard
of
What
to
2.
the
is
destructibility Illustrate by the burning
of
of
matter?
coal.
Ans.— (a) That matter indestructible.
is
(b) By the force

of
heat the coal separated into
is
gases and ash; but the change has been simply change
a
of form, from gases and other solids, which
to
solid
a
have every particle

of
matter combined them that was
in
the coal before the heat was applied.
in
An inclined plane feet long and its height

56
3.
is
is
8
What power exerted parallel the slope will keep
to
feet.
weight 595 pounds from moving down the plane?
of
a
Ans.—Power equals the load multiplied by the ratio
of
the vertical height the plane its length.
to
of
P=(595X8)--56=85 pounds, power required.

capillary phenomena.
of
Give three earamples

4.
Ans.—Blotter removing surplus ink from paper.

plants lifting moisture and food from the soil.
of
Roots
'Towel removing water from the body after bathing.
How are the freezing and boiling points located
in
5.
constructing thermometers?
by
Ans.—The freezing point determined the height at

is
by
the mercury liquid

or
at
tained the moment

in
the tube
ice turned to water or vice versa.
is
The boiling point the moment water being con

at
is
to
verted steam, or vice versa.

Describe the application heating
of
convection
to
6.
by
ordinary stove.
is an
of
rooms means
Ans.—The cold air the bot
to
admitted the stove

at
104 county ExAMINATION. QUESTIONs
tom, preferably of a jacket surrounding the stove, is

heated by contact with the heated metal surface of the
stove, and rises to the ceiling. As these heated particles
rise colder particles rush in below, in turn become heated,
and rise. These heated particles in free movement
amongst the molecules impart heat to other particles and
a circulation is set up which brings successively heated
molecules (by motion) in contact with colder molecules
until the air in the room becomes heated by convection.
7. How may the velocity of sound be determined? What
is its velocity approacimately?
Ans.— (a) Note accurately the time intervening between
the flash of a gun fired at a distance and the sound of the
explosion of the powder. Then measure the distance be
tween the position occupied by you and the spot at which
the gun was fired. For such distances, the light travels
so rapidly that it may be regarded as instantaneous. Di
vide the distance expressed in feet by the number of sec
onds elapsing between seeing the flash and hearing the re
port, and the quotient thus obtained will be the velocity
of sound per second under the conditions surrounding the
experiment.
(c) About 1,080 feet per second at the sea-level in a
temperature of 60° F.
8. Explain harmony and discord in music.
Ans.—Sounds, coming from a string vibrating in over
tones, whose vibration numbers are just two, three, four,
etc., times that of the fundamental or lowest tone, are
called harmonic and the result produced upon the ear is
called harmony. -
The number of beats per second due to two simple tones
is equal to the difference of their respective vibration
numbers. This produces upon the ear an unpleasant sen
sation, which is called by musicians discord and is due to
beats.
9. What is the medium for the transmission of light?
What is approximately the velocity of light?
Ans.— (a) Luminiferous ether, whose existence in the
molecular and atomic interstices is presupposed.
(b) About 185,000 miles per second.
10. To what is the difference in the color of objects
due f
Ans.—To varying degrees of refrangibility characteris
tic of the several rays of light which taken together con
-
stitute a beam of white light.
STATE OF KANSAS 105
11. Earplain and illustrate the terms: (a) insulator;

(b) Conductor.
Ans.—(a) A substance which will not carry or trans
mit electricity, a non-conductor, as glass, sealing-wax,
dry, varnished wood, etc.
(b) A substance which transmits electricity readily, as
copper wire, silver, etc.
12. How can an induced current be produced by means
of a coil of wire and a magnet?
Ans.—From a magnet, lines of force (making up the
magnetic “field”) radiate outwardly in all directions. If
these lines of force be interrupted by introducing a coil
of wire containing an iron core into the field an electrical
disturbance is set up. If now an astatic needle be placed
in the circuit deflections alternating in direction show the
production of induced currents.
READING.
1. In grouping, how do you determine what words be
long in each group. Mark the grouping in the following:
“Only a newsboy, under the light
Of the lamp-post plying his trade in vain;
Men are too busy to stop to-night,
Hurrying home through the sleet and rain.
Never since dark a paper sold;
Where shall he sleep, or how be fed?
He thinks, as he shivers there in the cold,
While happy children are safe in bed.”
—Phoebe Cary.
Ans.—(a) Those joined in common thought or shade of
meaning to be considered by itself for a proper illumina
tion of the other thoughts in the text.
2. What is the value of varying the method so that the
books of the teacher and class are closed while a pupil is
reading to them?
Ans.—Secures interest, concentration of the faculties,
strengthens the mental self-reliance, and trains the atten
tion of the hearer. The reader is quickened by the attention
paid, puts forth his best efforts to read pleasantly, force
fully and convincingly the selection he is attempting to
interpret.
3. What is the value of blackboard drawing as an aid to
primary reading?
Ans.—Of great value, for it fixes the picture of the

word in the minds of the entire class.
4. How may the lessons in geography, history, language
be utilized to reinforce the work in read
gºd,
1ng
physiology
Ans.—By taking excerpts from the same, and giving due
credit to the pupil who can read the same best, that is to
inform, convince and persuade the hearer.
5. Outline your plan of conducting a recitation in Eng
lish classics. -
Ans.—Report upon the life of the author.
Tell why he wrote this classic.
Give in pupil's own language the story of the classic.
Explain
all
allusions, and references,
Read the selection through aloud the class, encour
to
aging constant attention and proper criticism.

State four reasons for the study
of
United States
1.
History the schools.

in
Ans.—To impart information.

To excite interest
To train cultured taste.
To inculcate patriotism.
Discuss the scientific, commercial and religious causes
2.
the discovery
of
that led America.

to
Ans.—To prove the sphericity

of
the earth.
To provide shorter course India.
to
a
To take possession
of
in
barbarous countries the name
the king and queen Spain.
of
of
To carry the holy Roman Catholic faith

to
all heathens
and savages.
-
How did the defeat the Spanish armada affect the

of
3.
settlement and future history

of
America?
Ans.—It made the new world English instead Span
of
ish, Protestant instead

of of
Roman Catholic.
Make an outline New York covering the follow
4.
ing points: (a) Where settled; (b) date settlement;

of
(c) leading persons colonists; (d) forms

of
of
or
classes
government, local and relation the mother country.
in
to
Ans.— (a) Manhattan Island.

(b) 1613 by the Dutch.
(c) Traders with the Indians. Peter Stuyvesant, Leis
ler and other old Dutch worthies.
(d) For while the colonists were governed by the
a
STATE OF KANSAS 107
home Dutch government, which, in 1654, chartered the

West India Company which ruled through governors un
til dispossessed by the English
in
1664.
slavery into Virginia.
of
Discuss the introduction
5.
Ans.—In 1619, Dutch sea captain left upon the banks
a
the James River 20 negroes whom he was selling into
of
slavery. At first slave labor was unpopular; but when
it
was discovered that the negro was especially well adapted
tobacco, which was profitable venture
to
of
the culture
a
on account of the increased value of the weed.
(a) parties partici
of
as
Discuss the battle Quebec
to
6.
pating; (b) immediate results; (c) results upon later his

tory our country.
of
Calm.**@ British under Wolfe, French under Mont
(b) Britishobtained possession
of
the battlefield and
city. Both commanders were killed.
us
(c) Assured
to
British institutions and laws and the

English language instead French, and taught the colo
of
war, giving them knowledge and experi

of
mists the art

ence which carried them through the Revolutionary War.
George Rogers Clark.
of
of
Give an account the work

7.
Ans.—He organized expedition take from Eng

to
an
land all the country between the Alleghanies and the Mis
sissippi River. He succeeded and was this success that,
it
1783, made the great river the western boundary
of
in
the
United States.
What subjects are involved the three great com
in
8.
promises of the Constitution?

Ans.— (a) Whether the representation
of
each state in
Congress should based upon popula
of
be
both Houses
tion. Compromised by giving all states the same number
of Senators each), and basing representation
(2
in
the
House upon population.
(b) Should slaves be counted determining popula
in
basing repre
by
tion for representation? Compromised

3%
sentation upon the freemen and

of
of
the number slaves.

(c) Should Congress have control commerce? Yes,
of
Congress could not abolish the foreign slave trade prior

if
to 1808.
Erplain the Virginia and Kentucky resolutions, and
9.
their bearing upon nullification and secession.

Ans.—In condemning the hated Alien and Sedition
Laws both Virginia and Kentucky passed resolutions—
the latter declaring that any state could nullify any na
tional law that was unconstitutional. The doctrines thus

announced formed the basis for nullification and event
ually secession.
10. State the essential features of the Monroe doctrine,
and give an earample of its recent application.
Ans.— (a) “The American continents . . . are not
to be considered as subjects for future colonization by
any European powers,” and that any attempt to interfere
or extend its power or system of government to any por
tion of the continent would be a hostile act against the
United States.
(b) The warning from our country that Great Britain
received upon the Mosquito Coast in Central America.
PHYSIOLOGY.
-
1. Describe stomach digestion.
Ans.—Upon receiving the food, the stomach begins to
pour into the food the gastric juice secreted in the glands of
the walls of the stomach. The muscular walls of the stom
ach contract upon the food in a churning motion which
mixes it with the gastric juice, which softens the food,
digests albumen and coagulates milk. After remaining
in the stomach for several hours (whether digestible or
indigestible) the muscular contractions become so vigor
ous that particles of food are squeezed out through the
pylorus.
2. In digestion, what are the functions of (a) the bile;
(b) the pancreatic juice?
Ans.—(a) To neutralize the acidity caused by the gas
tric juice, making the mass slightly alkaline; to emulsify
the fats; to serve as an antiseptic to prevent the fermen
tation of the food; to stimulate the movements of the in
testines; and to aid absorption.
(b) It does the unfinished work of all three digesting
fluids preceding it in the alimentary canal–Saliva, gastric
juice and bile.
2. To what forms must the various foodstuffs be
changed before they can be absorbed f
Ans.—To a liquid form. Starch is converted to sugar;
albuminous food into peptone; milk is coagulated; fats
are emulsified.
4. What is the effect of tobacco upon the heart?
Ans.—Renders its beat infirm and unsteady and feeble
until finally it becomes a mere flutter.
5. What air changes take place in the lungs?
STATE OF KANSAS 109
Ans.—The carbonic acid gas by the process of osmosis

passes through the walls of the lung cells into the lung
cells, whence it is exhaled, thus exchanging places with
the oxygen which passes into the circulation through the
walls of the lung cells.
6. Give directions for preventing the spread of con
-
sumption.
Ans.—Require the sputa to be expectorated into individ
ual receptacles and then destroyed by fire. Prevent others
from using any utensils or vessels employed by a tuber
cular patient until the same have been cleansed by disin
fectants. Insist upon individual drinking cups.
7. What are two functions of the nervous system 2
Ans.—Of the cerebro-Spinal system to convey sensations
to the brain and motor impulses from the brain to the
extremities and also to perform the intellectual processes.
Of the sympathetic system to perform all vegetative
and reproductive processes.
8. What is the effect of alcohol upon ihe brain?
Ans.—At first it flushes the brain with blood. Then the
centers involved in reflex action and in the regulation of
muscular movements become affected. The higher facul
ties of the brain lose control, paralysis sets in, and all co
ordination by the nerves is lost control of. Paresis gen
erally determines existence.
9. Give directions for testing the hearing of pupils.
Ans.—Test with the ordinary voice at fixed and known
distances; with ticking of watch and clock, etc.
10. Discuss the time and manner of reviewing in the
study of physiology.
Ams.—Each day's lesson should be a close review of the
work done the previous day. Test examinations at certain
but indefinite times, requiring every one to pass a final ex
amination.
PENMANSHIP.
1. What basis have you to compare the work of your
pupils in writing 2
Ans.—The copy-books. Then, I would require each pu
pil on the first Monday of every month to write a sen
tence in a book provided for the purpose. These sen
tences would make comparisons easy each month.
2. Do you aim to secure speed? legibility? How?

Ans.—Yes.
(a) By much practice. Periodically I would have speed
contests.
(b) Legibility I would put before speed. I would re
quire great care to be taken in the making of each letter,
and would not allow the pupils to do slovenly work.
3. Do you consider the kind (fine or coarse) of pen
wour pupils use? Why?
Ans.—Because, children, like adults, can write better
with some pens than with others. I would, as much as
possible, give the child the pen with which he could do
the best work. -
4. Is counting for movement a good exercise? Erplain.
Ans.—Yes. It requires the writer to give close attention
to the work.
1. Give three reasons why the Constitution was super
ior to the Articles of Confederation.
Ans.—It provided a single executive head.
Gave power to Congress to enforce - the laws as well as
to make them.
Made the state governments in all national affairs sub
ordinate to the general government.
2. Give five powers of the President of the United
States.
Ans.—Commander-in-chief of the United States army
and navy.
Grants reprieves and pardons for offences against the
United States except in case of impeachment.
Makes treaties by and with the advice-
and consent of
the United States Senate.
Nominates and by and with the advice and consent of
the Senate appoints ambassadors, other public ministers
and consuls, judges of the Supreme Court and other pub
lic officers. -
Fills vacancies occurring during recesses of the Senate.
3. What are the qualifications required of a candidate
for the office of President of the United States?
Ans.—Thirty-five years of age; 14 years a resident of
the United States; a natural born citizen.
4. Define “original jurisdiction.” In what cases has the
Supreme Court of the United States jurisdiction?
Ans.— (a) That court has “original jurisdiction” of any
controversy the hearing of which may be begun in that
STATE OF KANSAS 111
court, without having been first heard in another court.

(b) Cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers
party.
and consuls, and those in which a state shall be a
5. What is the Presidential Succession Act?
Why was
it passed ?
Ans—(a) A law providing for the succession to the
presidency in event of the death, resignation or inability
of the President, Vice President and certain cabinet offi
cers in the order prescribed in the law.
(b) Because of the unprotected state of the chief mag
istracy after the murder of Garfield with partisan passion
and hate controlling the minds of so many adventurers and
politicians.
6. The President is made by the Constitution command
er-in-chief of the army and navy of the United States.
Is he commander of the militia of a state?
Ans.—Yes, “when called into the actual service of the -
United States.”
7. What provision is made in the constitution for the
encouragement of science and useful arts?
Ans.—By granting the power to the Congress to secure
“for limited times to authors and inventors the exclusive
right of their respective writings and discoveries.”
8. The power is granted to Congress to “constitute tri
bunals inferior to the Supreme Court.” Under this power
Congress?
what classes of courts have been established by
Ans.—District Courts, Circuit Courts, Circuit Courts of
Appeals, Courts of Claims, Territorial Courts, Land
Courts, Admiralty Courts, and numerous tribunals for spe
cial purposes.
9. In what case is a two-thirds vote
required in each
house of Congress?
Ans.—In passing a bill order or resolution requiring the
concurrence of the other house over the veto of the Presi
dent; in expelling a member; and in the Senate in convict
ing 1 non i... eachment.
year
10. What amendment to the Constitution was last
submitted by Congress to the state legislatures.
Ans.—“Art. XVI. The Congress shall have power to
lay and collect taxes on incomes, from , whatever, source
derived, without apportionment among the several. states,
July .
and without regard to any census or enumeration.”
12, 1909, adopted by the House.
ORTHOGRAPHY.
1–5. indict pneumonia
fossil impassable faucet
microscopic recommend calliope
serenade biennial gorgeous
chromatic malignant lyrical
jealousy abyss chastise
accede paralyze deference
brilliancy ellipsis credible
rectitude mystical
6. How do you induce pupils to use the dictionary?
Ams.—By requiring them to furnish definitions, pronun
ciations, markings, etymologies, and derivation such as
they can not secure from any other source, thus enlisting
their interest in and cultivating their taste for the study
of words.
7. Give substitutes for the sound of long e, and illus
trate each by a word.
Give five sounds of a, indicate each by the proper mark
ing, and illustrate each by a word.
Ans.— (a) i in machine, ea in lean, ie in relieve, ei in
deceive, ee in feet, ae in Caesar, oe in Phoebus, ue in Por
tuguese, ey in key, ua in quay, eo in people.
(b) Long a in ale.
Short à in at.
Medial a in air, long a modified by r.
Intermediate a in ask.
Broad a in awe.
8. Give three rules for spelling, and illustrate each.
Ans. Monosyllables ending in f, l, or s, the final letter
is doubled when preceded by a single vowel, as muff, bell,
171
(1.S.S.
When a suffix is added to a word ending in y, preceded
by a consonant, the y is changed to i, try, trial.
Silent final e is retained when suffixes beginning with a
consonant are added, base, basement.
9. Mark diacritically the following: Leisure, vehement,
critique, bayou, bouquet.
10. What are the gains and losses in (a) oral spelling?
(b) written spelling?
Ans. (a) Interest of contest, vocal sounds and pronun
ciations appeal to and train the hearing, but there is no
picture nor aid to the sight.
STATE OF KANSAS 113
(b) Gives quiet and chance for meditation, gives a pic

ture to the sight, but leaves the ear untrained as to sounds
and pronunciation.
HISTORY OF KANSAS.
1. What legislature was dispersed by a United States
officer 2 Where was it?
Ans.— (a) The Free State Legislature elected under the
Topeka Constitution, July 4, 1856.
(b) At Topeka.
2. Why was the constitution adopted by the Lecompton
convention denounced by the free-state party?
Ans.—Because it was to be voted upon as a whole “with
slavery” or “without slavery,” no vote being allowed
against the constitution, and the adoption of one clause,
that of slavery, being the only question submitted.
3. What important national organication met at Topeka
in 1886? Who was governor at that time?
Ans.— (a) The National Educational Association, now
the National Education Association.
º
(b) Governor John A. Martin.
4. What is meant by the “Pike Centennial,” “Santa Fe
Trail,” “Erodus”?
Ans.— (a) September 26th to 29th, 1906, was devoted to
the celebration of the 100th anniversarv of the visit of Z.
M. Pike to the Pawnee village near the present site of
Republic City, and of the floating of the first flag of the
United States within the boundaries of the present state
of Kansas.
(b) A wagon highway from the Missouri River near
Westport southwesterly and westerly through Kansas to
Santa Fe, New Mexico.
(c) Influx from the South of large numbers of negroes
fleeing from intolerable conditions there, and lured by ad
venturers and politicians to settle in Kansas, in the spring
of 1879.
5. Name the territorial governors of Kansas. Were
they friendly to the free-state people?
Ans.—Andrew H. Reeder, *Daniel Woodson, Andrew
H. Reeder, *Daniel Woodson, Wilson Shannon, *Daniel
Woodson, Wilson Shannon, John W. Geary, *Daniel
Woodson, *Frederick P. Stanton. Robert j. Walker,
*Frederick P. Stanton, **James W. Denver, James W.
Denver, “Hugh S. Walsh, James W. Denver, *Hugh S.
Walsh, Samuel Medary, *Hugh S. Walsh, Samuel Medary,
*Hugh, S. Walsh, Samuel Medary, *George M. Beebe,

Samuel Medary.
Notes.—“These so marked were “acting governors”
pending the appointment of a new officer. Daniel Wood
son served four times in this capacity; Frederick P. Stan
ton, twice; Hugh S. Walsh, four; and George M. Beebe,
Once.
**Denver first served as “acting” and then as duly com
missioned governor.
6. Where did the first territorial legislature meet? Is
there any building or monument at that place today?
Ans.—(a) At Pawnee, a few miles east of Fort Riley,
near the track of the Union Pacific Railway.
(b) Yes, the ruins of the old stone building in which
the legislature met still stand.
7. Name two Kansas poets ,two Kansas prose writers,
and name one or more of their works.
Ans.— (a) Eugene Ware and Ellen P. Atherton.
(b) John J. Ingalls and William Allen White.
(c) Ware, The Washerwoman’s Song; Atherton, Walls
of Corn; Ingalls, Blue Grass; White, A Certain Rich Man.
8. Name five important laws passed by the Kansas leg
islature since 1906.
Ans.—The Direct Primary, the Bank Guaranty Depos
its, the City Commission Government, the Anti-Pass, and
the Liquor Law of 1909.
9. How would you teach local history in your school?
Ans.—By means of opening exercises, special days,
questions asked in recitations upon allied subjects, ad
dresses from old settlers and prominent men and women,
competitive essays and discussions in connection with par
allel periods of general, national and state history work.
10. Tell briefly what you can of the mineral wealth of
Kansas, and tell where the minerals are found.
Ans.—Eastern counties yield annually 10,000,000 bush
els of coal and the supply would at the present rate last
for 2,000 years. Southeastern Kansas is one of the rich
est oil and gas fields in the world. The production of salt
is two million barrels annually. Hutchinson is the center
of an inexhaustible supply of salt. There are some quar
ries of limestone, sandstone and rock gypsum, from the
last of which plaster of a superior quality is produced.
The state ranks second in the production of zinc and lead
ores, which are found in the southeastern counties.
STATE OF KANSAS 115
GENERAL HISTORY.
1. By what right did George I, a Hanoverian, inherit
the throne of Great Britain?
Ans.—The Bill of Rights in 1689, provided that the suc
cessors to the English crown should be Protestants. Upon
the death of William and Mary without issue,.. the crown
descended to Anne, Mary's sister, a Protestant. Although
Anne was the mother of seventeen children, none of them
were living when Anne became queen. Thereupon, Parlia
ment, in 1701, passed the Act of Settlement, which pro
vided that at Anne's decease, the royal authority should
pass to Sophia, a granddaughter of James I, and her de
scendants “being Protestants.” Sophia was the wife of
the Elector of Hanover, a petty German state. Anne died
in 1714, a short time after Sophia's decease. This made
her son George, heir to the Electorate of Hanover, suc
cessor to the British throne. He became King of Eng
land under the name of George I, and founder of the
Hanoverian succession, which, in the person of George V,
still rules Great Britain.
2. What was the change made in the calendar in the
eighteenth century? Why was it made 2
(Ans.— (a) In 1752, the Gregorian Calendar was sub
England and her col
stituted for the Julian Calendar in
On 16s.
(b) To make the computation of time uniform with that
of most civilized states, and to correct the error of eleven
days which had crept into time-dating since the Council
of Nice, 325 A. D.
3. Who was Daniel O’Connell? “
Ans.—An eloquent Irish statesman, who, seconded by
the Irish priests, induced the British Parliament in 1829
to grant the same political rights (including seats in Par
liament) to Catholics as are enjoyed by Protestants.
4. What nations were engaged in the Crimean war?
Give the causes and results of that struggle.
Ans.—(a) Russia, Great Britain, France, and Turkey.
(b) Russia claimed the right to interfere in Turkey to
protect the Christians (Greek Catholics), who were in
Russia. England and France, believing this to be a ruse
by which Russia sought to obtain Constantinople and the
control of the entrances to the Black Sea from the Medit
erranean Sea, joined Turkey in a fierce conflict which re
sulted in Russia's defeat.
116 Cous TY EXAMINATION QUESTIONs
5. George III died in 1820. Name in succession the

Presidents of the United States who were in office while
George 111 was king.
Ans.—Washington, Adams, Jefferson, Madison, Monroe.
Each served two terms, with the exception of John
Adams, who served but one term. Monroe was in his
first term in 1820.
6. Who was prime minister of Great Britain when the
duty was taken off of foodstuffs? What were the argu
ments used for the law taking off the duties?
Ans.— (a) Sir Robert Peel carried through Parliament
the measure repealing the duties on grain, in 1846, which
made Great Britain a free-trade country.
(b) The potato famine in Ireland in 1845; the enhanced
value of grain caused by the cupidity of the landlords; the
necessity of providing the worker with cheaper food, etc.
7. What is the power of the House of Lords in regard
to the passing of bills?
Ans.—Its assent is absolutely necessary before any bill
can be enacted into law.
8. What do the following terms mean in the history of
Great Britain : Home rule, reform bill, cotton famine? .
9. What important events are associated with the fol
lowing names: Culloden, Austerlitz, Disraeli, William
IV P
Ans. (a) A demand on the part of Ireland that she
have her own parliament, with power to make and enforce
all laws having; to do with internal affairs of Ireland, and
not in conflict with the imperial government.
(b) The measure enacted into law in 1832, reforming
the electorate and extending the right of suffrage.
(c) Scarcity of cotton caused by the conflict between
the North and South during the civil war. The cotton
factories of England were closed, and the workmen were
-
in idleness, causing great distress.
Ans.— (a) Battle in 1746 in which the “Young Pre
tender” was defeated and the cause of the Stuarts ruined
forever.
(b) One of Napoleon's most memorable victories,
achieved in 1805 over the combined armies of Russia and
Austria.
(c) Prime minister when Victoria was proclaimed Em
press of India.
(d) King when the Reform Bill of 1832 was passed.
STATE OF KANSAS 117
(10. What books on general history have you read?

Ans.—Myers, Swinton, Fisher, Ridpath, etc.
GEOGRAPHY.
1. On a trip from your home town to Los Angeles, Cal,
through what states and territories would you pass, what
cities would you see, and what rivers would you cross?
Select a line of travel.
Ans.—From Topeka to Los Angeles I would travel via
the A. T. & S. F. Railway; I would pass through no ter.
ritories except the recently admitted states of Arizona and
New Mexico, and the states of Kansas, Colorado and Cali
fornia; would cross the Arkansas, Rio Grande, and Color
ado Rivers and would see Emporia, Newton, Hutchinson,
Dodge City in Kansas, La Junta and Trinidad in Colorado,
Los Vegas and Albuquerque in New Mexico, Flagstaff
Arizona, and San Bernardino in Califor
and Williams in
Illa.
2. Taking a field or farm in the neighborhood, how
would vou teach your geography classes facts in relation
to surface, drainage, watersheds, erosion, and productions?
Ans.—Call their attention to the slope of the land, the
hillocks and depressions in it; notice how the water flows
always from higher to lower levels, and runs in opposite
directions from the ridges and hills, and show in the riv
ers and creek banks how the soil and rock are being
washed down from the highlands into the sea, and finally
see what corn, wheat, potatoes, rye or barley or fruits are
grown upon the farm and what could be raised is sowei
and cultivated.
3. Name the countries in which each of the following
named articles is a leading export: Coffee, rubber, tea,
cinchona, wood pulp, indigo, guano.
Ans.—Coffee : Brazil, Java, West Indies, Mexico, Cey
lon, Venezuela, India; Sumatra.
Rubber: Brazil, the states in the Orinoco and Amazon
regions, Central America, and Yucatan.
Tea : China, Japan, India, Java, and elsewhere.
Cinchona : Andean countries of South America, India,
Java and Ceylon.
Wood Pulp : Norway, Sweden, and lumber countries
of the old world and states of this republic.
Indigo : India, Southern states of the Atlantic seaboard,
and semi-tropical countries.
118 county EXAMINATION QUESTIONS
In
ºn”:
1es.
Chile, some of Pacific Islands, the West
4. Name the principal rivers which drain Asia, and tell

in what general direction each flows. -
Ans.--Kolvma, Indigirka, Yana, Lena, Yenesei, Ob,
flowing north into the Arctic Ocean; Anadir and Amur
northeast into arms of the Pacific Ocean; Hoang and
Yangtze east into arms of the Pacific Ocean; Mekong,
Menam, Salwen, Irawadi, Bramaputra, Ganges, Godavari,
Narbada, Indus, Euphrates, Tigris, south, southeast and
southwest into arms of the Pacific and Indian Oceans.
5. Compare the states of Massachusetts and Mississippi
as to area, surface, people, industries, rivers, cities, and
climate.
An.—Massachusetts: 8,315 sq. miles; 3 millions people;
rough, hilly and frequently mountainous surface; manufac
tures of great variety especially of cotton, woolen and
leather goods, hardware, paper, etc.; rivers are short and
unimportant, except for water power, with the further ex
ception of the Connecticut in the west half and the Mer
rimac in the northeast corner; 20 cities with a population
of 25,000 and more each, and 120 cities with a population
each ranging from 3,000 to 25,000; climate is frequently
very harsh and severe in winter, with plenty of rain and
SnOW.
Mississippi: 46,810 sq. miles; 1% millions people;
mainly broad alluvial plains with rough mountains in the
northeast; cotton raising and lumbering are the principal
industries; the Mississippi, Yazoo, Pearl and Tennessee
are all important rivers; its largest town has but 15,000
people and those numbering from 3,000 to 15,000 are 18;
the climate is warm; moist, almost semi-tropical over a
large area of the state.
6. Give the form of government and title of ruler in
each of the following-named countries: Brazil, Egypt,
Norway, China, Italy, France.
Ans.—Brazil and France, republics, president.
Norway and Italy, constitutional monarchies, king.
China, absolute monarchy, emperor.
Egypt, absolute monarchy, khedive, but controlled by
Great Britain.
7. How does the climate of Western Europe differ from
the climate of Eastern North America? Give reasons for
Alour aftszºwer. -
STATE OF KANSAS 119
Ans.—Much milder and moister; because the Gulf

Stream laves its shores.
8. Name and locate three canals, and
explain the specific
purpose and advantage of each.
Ans.—The Suez, makes a much safer and shorter route
for European and Eastern and Southern Asian commerce.
The Panama (being constructed) will supply, in every
way, a more desirable highway for the world's traffic be
practically cre
tween the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, and
ate the world's commerce anew.
The Kiel ship canal connects the Baltic and North Seas,
obviating the
and gives Germany a continuous sea coast,
long and dangerous detour around Denmark.
9. Name three trunk lines of railway
entirely crossing
Kansas from east to west.
Ans.—The Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe, the Union
Pacific and the Missouri Pacific.
10. How would you make a rainfall
map? A commer
cial map? A political map?
Ans.— (a) The rainfall map would indicate by shading
the average amount of rainfall in a year. The heaviest
rainfall would be indicated by darkest shading. The sea
son of the year in which the heaviest fall occurs would
be shown by printing or
writing upon the map, as “Fall,”
“Spring,” etc.
(b) By printing upon the map the names of the
prin
cipal products in the various sections of the country, and
by marking the exports and imports with different col
ored inks, pencils, or crayons.
(c) By defining the boundaries with plain marking and
giving a different color to each state or nation.
METHODS.
1. How can the teacher learn to appreciate the pupil's
point of view? - - - -
Ans.—By constantly keeping in touch with the pupils
in their play as well as work and carefully
noting and ol
serving how they look at, and feel about experiences, as
they occur. By always seeking to put herself in the child's
place.
2. Give three reasons why teachers should be educated
beyond the branches they teach. .
...Ans.— (a) The teacher can not instruct another unless
knows, con
she knows a great deal more than that other
sequently, that other will not be educated except to the
120 County EXAMINATION QUESTIONs
extent that he may secure the information conveyed in the

lesson or task set for him.
(b) The pupil can learn but little from one who knows
no more than he may gather from the book before him.
(c) The teacher must advance and develop by extended
study, or she will retrograde and cease to be a teacher.
3. Why is it important for teaching that the child re
gard the problem under consideration as his own f
º
Ans.—Only so can his entire interest and attention be
centered upon the task. His interest must be enlisted and
This can be done effectively only by appealing to
Self.
4. What is thinking as distinguished from mere con
cciousness?
Ans.—Thinking is correlating the products of conscious
ness, and arriving at new judgments based upon those re
lations. Consciousness is knowing—thinking is correlat
ing and generalizing that knowledge.
5. Explain how memory depends on attention, and the
latter on interest.
Ans.—Whenever interest is awakened, the memtal fac
ulties are concentrated upon the subject of that interest,
and thus a vivid and intense picture is made of the ex
perience, which memcry can not but recall witu case and
accuracy. -
6. What qualities do board members look for in employ-
ing a teacher?
Ans.—Good morals, sound body, pleasing appearance,
winsome manners, general and technical training, experi
ence, good standing amongst educators and a wholesome
reputation in citizenship.
7. Name an appropriate opening exercise, and illustrate
how you would develop the same.
Ans.—The Home-coming of Theodore Roosevel:. Be
sure that pupils know who he is and what he has done for
the republic, where he has been, why he went, what suc
cess he had while there, his progress through the Old
World countries, and his reception upon arriving in New
York. This might be shown in several ways: by a talk
by the teacher; by topics assigned to individual pupils;
by a question and answer exercise, etc. -
8, 9, and 10. Discuss the teacher’s duties and possibili
ties of leadership in a school community under the head
of (a) social; (b), moral; (c) intellectual. . . .
Ans. (a) She should be a part of the social life of the
STATE OF RANSAS 121
community—not a leader in fashion, but a helper in mak

ing the life of the community better and more humane. If
the social life is not moving in the right direction, she
should quietly, unobtrusively, but effectually assume con
trol far enough to direct it into proper channels.
(b) The same is true of morals. She should be known
as the gracious and winning champion of everything that
uplifts, that is lovely and of good repute, of the true and
good everywhere and at all times.
(c) The duty and the privilege is here the same. She
may find difficulty in being more than one of the leaders,
and she should be careful not to seem to be forcing lead
ership, nor assuming She should participate all in
it.
in
tellectual enterprises time will permit her
do
well. Her
to
ability and en
as
part should always
be
as
well done
deavor will permit.

dis
all
Name erercises that embody
1.
the fundamental
ciplines expression. -
in
Ans.—Those securing accuracy and readiness making
in
the elemental sounds, joining them simple words, com:
in
bining these words simple sentences, and excrcising
in
in
modulation and expression when pronouncing reading
or
these sentences, always insisting upon naturalness and
forcefulness.
plan for developing language lesson
in
#9
a
a
in
grade
4.
Ans.—Talk over the subject treated, giving few

be
to
simple rules and directions. Then have each pupil recite

his own language writing the lesson he under
in
as
in
to
as
stands Take each one's statement and criticise

of it.
it
choice words, arrangement and construction, praising

the best, rather than condemning the worst work done.
Require technical preparation the parts
as
speech
of
to
with which the pupils are acquainted and the reason for
their answers.
Give rules, with illustrations, for the capitalication
of
3.
71.01171.S.
Ans.—The first letter everv proper noun, the first
of
every abbreviation that representes proper noun,

of
letter
a
the initials that represent proper noun, the first letter of

a
everv name applied the Deity, and the first letter

to
of
the
strongly personified object.
of
name
a
(b) In order given above illustrations are as follows:

John, Kans., T. R., God, “Oh, Grave, where, etc.”
4. Name the several classes of pronouns and define each.
Ans.—Personal, which is used to represent the person
speaking, the person spoken to, or the person spoken of.
Relative, which stands for some word, phrase, or clause,
which is called the antecedent of that relative.
Interrogative, one used in asking a question.
Adjective, one which performs the office of an adjective
and a noun. -
The personal and relative pronouns are sometimes com
pounded, the former with self and selves and the latter
with ever or soever, and are then called respectively com
pound personal and compound relative pronouns.
5. Define and give an example of regular, irregular and
periphrastic comparison.
Ans.—Regular. In which the comparative is indicated
by the addition of er and the superlative by the addition
of est to the positive, as red, redder, reddest.
Irregular. In which the comparative and superlative
are indicated by a change in spelling, as, good, better, best.
Periphrastic. In which comparison is indicated by a
phrase or phrases, as, manly, more manly, most manly.
6. What forms of , a verb constitute the “principal
parts?” Why called “principal parts?”
Ans.— (a) The present indicative, the past indicative,
and the past participle.
(b) Because they are used in forming the other parts of
the verb.
7. Illustrate in sentences five different uses of the infini
tive.
Ans.—Subject—To run is dangerous.
Object—I like to run.
Attribute Complement—To see is to believe.
Adjective—The lesson to be learned is difficult.
Adverb—He is too dull to learn.
8. Classify adverbs as to function and give an example
of each.
Ans.—Simple—The dog barks excitedly.
Interrogative—Where will you go?
Conjunctive—I should go where I please.
Modal—You shall not go.
9. Analyze the following sentence: “They shall make
distinct lists of all persons voted for as president, and of
all
persons voted for vice president, and the number

as
STATE OF KANSAS 123
of votes for each, which lists they shall sign and certify.”
Ans.—This is a complex declarative sentence composed
of the principal clause “They . . . each,” and the su
bordinate clause “which . . . certify.”
“They' is the unmodified subject of the principal clause,
and “shall make” is base of the predicate, modified by the
complex object “distinct lists . . . certify.”
“Lists” (line 2) is the base of the complex object, mod
ified by “distinct,” a simple adjective element and by “of all
persons (line 2) . . . for each,” a compound adjec
tive phrase, and “by which . . . certify,” an adjective
clause.
“Of . . . president’ is the first member of the com
pound adjective phrase of which “persons” is the base,
modified by “all,” an adjective element, and “of” is the
introductory word. “Persons” is further modified by the
adjective element “voted for” and by “as president,” an
appositive phrase, of which “as” is the connective and
“president” the appositive noun.
“And” (the first word in line 3) connects the first and
second members of the compound adjective phrase. “Of
. . . . vice president” is the second member of the com
pound adjective phrase, of which “of” is the relation
word, “persons” is the base, modified by “all,” an adjec
tive element. “Persons” is further modified by the ad
jective element “voted for” and by “as vice president,”
an appositive phrase, of which “as” is the connective and
“vice president” the appositive noun.
“And” (the last word in line 3) connects the second
and third members of the compound adjective phrase.
“(of) the number . . . each” is the third member of
the compound adjective phrase, of which “(of)” is the
relation word, “number” is the base, modified by “the,”
an adjective element and by “of votes (cast) for each,”
an adjective phrase, of which “of” is the relation word
and “votes” is the base, modified by “cast for each,” an
adjective phrase, of which “cast” is the base, modified by
“for each,” an adverbial element, of which “for” is the
relation word and “each” is the base.
The subordinate clause “which . . . certify” is an
adjective element modifying “lists” (line, 2), of which
“which’’ is the connective and also an adjective element,
modifying “lists.”, “Lists” is an objective element which
completes “shall sign and certify.” the compound base of
the predicate. “They” is the subject of the subordinate
*
clause, unmodified.
10. Parsedistinct, as, voted for, and which, words oc
curring in question 9. - -
Ans.—“Distinct” is an adjective modifying “lists.”
“As” is a conjunctive denoting the apposition that ex
ists between “persons” voting and “president.”
“Voted for’ is the past participle of the verb “vote
for,” is used here in an adjective sense to modify the
word “persons.”
“Which” is an adjective, modiffying “lists.”
BOOKKEEPING.
1. Define: Bank draft, speculative account, inventory,
statement.
A bank draft is a written order drawn by one bank
upon another.
A speculative account is one which shows a loss or a
ga1n.
An inventory is a list of articles on hand with their es
timated value. -
A statement is a summary of what has been done, show
ing the present condition of the business.
2. Write a negotiable note.
$100.00 Emporia, Kan., Aug. 2, 1910.
Sixty days after date I promise to pay to J. B. Jones,
or order. One Hundred Dollars, for value received.
A. B. SMALL.
3-4-5. Journalize, post, make trial balance, and find loss
or gain.
July 1—Henrv Jones began business with a cash capital
of $3,000.
July 2—Bought of John Good on account, mase., $240.
July 2–Bought of W. M. -Morgan, mase. on account,
$390.
July 3—Sold H. W. Wilson for cash, mdse., $240.
July 4–Paid for clerk hire, cash, $25.
July 5–Sold J. A. Speck, mase., $120; received cash,
$50; balance on account.
July 6–Paid John Good cash on account, $240.
July 9—Sold Cnas. Smith, mase., $223; received his note
for amount. -
July 10—Bought for cash, mise., $2000.
July 10—Paid for freight, cash $17.
Inventory, $2S60.
=== --
STATE OF ExA.N.S.A.S. 125
Cash
JULY 1, 1910.
.......... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- -----
| Henry Jones....... .............. |$800 |
00
$300000
| 2 Mdse..... ................... -- - - , 240 00
John Good......................... | 240 00
2 I Mdse...... ..................... . . . . . . . . | 39000
W. M. Morgan..................
8 | Cush ... ............................. - 240 00 || 30000
Mdse................................
Expense.................................
| 24000
4 || 25 00
Cash ................................ ! 25 00
5 | Cash ........................... - - - - - - - - 50 ſ ()
J. A.Mdse
Speck................ ...........
... ............ . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
70 (0 |
| 12000
6 || John Good............................. 240 0)
Cash................... ............ 24000
9 | Bills Rec....... ....................... 2:3 (0
Mdse................................ | 22300
10 | Mdse..................... - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2000CO
Cash.......... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mdse......... - - - - -- -- - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
| 200000
10 17 00 ||
Cash - - - -- - - -- -- - - - - -- - - | 17 00
HENRY JONES
July 10 |Pres. Wºrth 3771001 July 1 - 500000
10 Net Gain 77100
- 377100 __3771 00
CASH -
July 1 3000 Oljuly TI 25 00
8 24000 6 - 240 00
-
5 50 00 10 200000
- | 10 |_|_17 00
MERCHANDISE
-
July T2 ŽIO UVI,July 3 240 00
2 390 00 5 1:2000
10 2000 ſºl 9
10 |Inventory
2.2300
2S60Uſ,
–
10 17 00I.
10 |Gaim
- 79600||
344300 344300
JOHN GOOD
July | 6 240 00||July | 2
jºu's
TTT240 00
| ".
|-|-
|
W. M. M.Olx GAN
y
* - | - | |
2
| ww
EXPENSE.
–––.
July
|
4
| —| — ---
25 July
w it
1()
-|
Loss
—
| —- 2.5(),)
COUNTY EXAMINATION QUESTIONS
J. A. SPECK
-
July T5 70 00|| |
*|"I
-
BILLS FECEIVABLE.
July Tº - 223
| 9| | | | | | |
LOSS AND GAIN.
Ju y | 10 ||Expense 25 00||July 10 Mdse. . 796 00
- - – 1-
771
2-
10 | Net Gain
º
19690 |
796 00
| —-
TRIAL BALANCE.
| Henry Jones.......................... | || 300000
Cash . . . . . . . . ............................ 329000 || 2282 00
Mdse.................................... 264700 583 00
W. M. Morgan......................... 390 00
Expense............................... . . . . 25 00
J. A. Speck... ......................... 70 00
| Bills Receivable............. .... . . ... 223 00
| 625500 || 625500
A •, t '. -
STATE OF KANSAS 127
August 19-20, 1910.
ARITHMETIC.
1. Add 7689, 8497, 5783, 6034, 8357, 6139, 7865, 8967, 5834
and 7699.
Ans.—The sum is 72,864.
2. Draw a diagram of a school yard, scale four rods to
one inch, and locate the schoolhouse, ball grounds and
tennis court.
3. Do you teach the forty-five combinations? Why?
Ans.—Yes, that the pupil may acquire speed and accu
racy in addition and subtraction.
4. Divide 10.01 by .01001.
Ans.—10.01--,01001=1000.
5. A boy bought oranges at the rate of five for three
cents and sold them at the rate of three for five cents.
What was his rate per cent of gain or loss? Solve and
analyze.
SoLUTION.
If 5 oranges cost 3 cents, one orange costs ¥6 of 3
cents, or % of one cent. If three oranges sold for 5 cents,
one orange sold for $4 of 5 cents, or % of a cent. The
selling price less the cost equals the gain. Hence %
cents—% cent=1945 cents, or the gain on one orange.
To find the per cent of gain, divide the gain by the cost.
1%5––%=1%=1.77%.
Hence the gain is 177%%.
6. A consignment of 4560 bushels of wheat was sold
by an agent at 78% cents per bushel. What was the
agent's commission at 1% per cent?
SoLUTION.
4560X$.78%=$3,573.90.
$3,573.90X.015–$53.61.
The agent’s commission was $53.61.
7. What is the rate of ta.ration when property assessed
at $8040 pays a tar of $84.93.
SoLUTION.
$84.93––$8,940.00–.0095.
The rate of taxation was nine and one-half mills on the
dollar.
8. What principal at 8 per cent will produce $30 in 2%
3/ears?
SoLUTION. -
$1.00 at 8 per cent will produce-$.20 in 2% years.
30.00–1–.20=150.00.
Therefore $150.00 at 8 per cent will produce $30.00 in

2% years.
9. If a carload of 20 steers, averaging 1750 pounds, sold
in Kansas City for $5.85, with yardage charges of $12 and
freight of $60, what amount should the commission
agent return to the owner if his commission is 1% per
cent £
1750 lbs.) (20=35,000 lbs., or the total number of lbs. sold.
35,000Y$.0585=$2,047.50 or amount of the sale.
$2,047.50X.015–$30,71 or the agent's commission.
$30,71+$12.00+$60,00=$102.71 or total expenses.
$2,047.50–102.71=$1,944.79 or the amount the agent
should return to the owner.
10.
cord, building
of
be
At $20 what will the cost
a
18 a
by
stone house, feet (outside measurement),
of24
10
feet
high, the thickness the wall being
18
inches
f
SoLUTION.
2X18X10X1%=540,
of of
or or
No. cubic feet end walls.
in in
2X24×10×1%=720, No. cubic feet side walls.
No. of cubic feet
or
540–H720=1260, the house.
in
1260 cubic feet=92%8 cords.
or
of
92%8X$20.00–$199.29 the cost the house.
Note—In the above the usual custom figuring the
of
corners with the ends and also with the sides has
in
in
been followed.
ALGEBRA.
Translate the language the following problem into
of
1.
algebraic symbols: What the perimeter rectangu of

is
lar field whose length feet and whose breadth a

is
is
b
a
feet?
Ams.-Let p-perimeter.
Then p-2 (a+b).
How do you make clear your pupils the difference
to
2.
that attaches the meaning of “number” arithmetic

in
to
and algebra?
in
Ans.—In arithmetic made up

of
“number” certain
is
a
a
integral fractional units, and the

or
of
definite number
symbols for the number always have
In
fixed value...
a
algebra, the “number” may have abstract, generalized

an
or
and the symbols for the number do

to
notion attached
it
not have fixed value, but stand as symbols for the num
a
ber conceived of as whole and not as certain definite

a
units. When figures are employed

of
number algebra
in
as
number symbols they have the same significance

in
as
st ATE OF KANSAS 129
arithmetic. But when letters are employed as number sym

bols we conceive of the number in the abstract and not as
a certain definite number of units. These different mean
ings may be presented to beginners by means of easy prob
lems, some of which have an arithmetical statement and
analysis, and others having a similar form but requiring
the use of algebraic symbols. The pupil will thus learn
that he can analyze his problem and record all the steps
and processes in the analysis by using these algebraic
symbols for the numbers and that one such analysis will
serve as a model for the many special cases arising from
the using of particular values for the general.
3. Solve and check : , Lucy thought of a number, doubled
it added 16 and obtained 50. Of what number did she
think?
SoLUTION.
Let r=the number.
Then by the conditions of the problem
2x+16=50.
Transposing 16 and collecting terms
24:=34.
Divide by 2
4:=17.
Therefore Lucy was thinking of 17.
4. Define factor, coefficient, term, quantity.
Ans.—A factor of a number is one of two or more num
!.
er.
which, if multiplied together, will produce the num
Each of the factors of a number, or the product of any

number of factors, is called the coefficient of the rest of
the term.
A term of an algebraic expression is a combination of
number symbols not separated by the signs -H or —.
Quantity, as used in algebra, is synonymous with num
ber, or number expression.
5. State the law of earponents in multiplication.
Ans.—The exponent of the product of two powers of the
same base is the sum of the exponents of the factors.
6. Solve and check :
34: 4: 54:
—-H —-H — =65
4 2 9
SoLUTION.
34: 4: 54
— ——— ——— =65 (1)
4 2 9
130 county ExAMINATION QUEstions
Multiply (1) by 36
27a-H18++20+=36×65 (2)
Collect terms in (2)
654–36x65 (3)
-
Divide (3) by 65
4-36 (4)
Check:
3X36 36 5X36
+ —-H = 65
4 2 9
27-H18+20=65
65–65
Since 36 satisfies the equation, 36 is the root ef the
equation.
7. Solve for a and y and check :
64-H7)=–33
54—4y= 2
SoLUTION.
64-H7y=-33 1)
54—4y= 2 (2)
Multiply (1) by 5 and (2) by 6
30++35y=–165 (3)
304–24y– 12 (4)
59y=177
Divide (5) by 59
y= —3 (6)
Substitute value of y for y in (2)
54-H12= 2 (7)
Transpose 12 in (7) and collect terms
54:- —10 (8)
Divide (8) by 5
4.- —2 (9)
Therefore ar= —2, y=–3.
Check:
From equation (1)
—12–21=-33 ~.
—33= —33
From equation (2)
—10–H12= 2
?– 2
8. One-fourth of the time from now to midnight equals
the time past moon. What time is it?
SoLUTIon.
Let ar=No. hours past noon at present time.
Then 12—r-No. from now until midnight.
hours
STATE OF KANSAS 131
12—4:
And = % of time from now until midnight.
4
By conditions of the problem
12–4:
E* (1)
4
Multiply (1) by 4
12—r=44: (2)
Transpose 4x and 12 in (2) and collect terms
—5.t= —12 (3)
Divide (3) by —5
ar=2% (4)
Hence it is now 2% hours, or 2 hours and 24 minutes,
past noon. That is, past
24
now minutes o'clock
is
it
2
p. m. -
Factor: -
9.
**—H·(a—d) ar—ad.
SoLUTION.
2–H (a-d)
ar—ad=(x+a) (4–d)
a
of
10. The difference between the sources two consecu
tive numbers 23. Find the numbers.
is
Solution.
Let x=The smaller number
Then r–H1=Thenext consecutive number.
Then by the conditions the problem
of
(++1)2—v2=23 (1)
Expand first member
of
(1)
2–1–2++1—r”–23 (2)
a
Transpose and collect terms (2)

in
24–22 (3)
Divide (3) by
2
ar=11 (49
Then 4-H1=12
11
Therefore the two numbers are and 12.
LANGUAGE AND GRAMMAR.

sought lan
be
What are the fundamental ends

in
to
1.
guage training elementary schools?

in
Ans.—To speak the language correctly expressing

in
thought; vocabulary, and few simple rules

to to
secure
a
a
by which expressions.
of
test the correctness

Write letter addressed your county superintend
to
2.
ent making application for graded on

be
school. (To
a
form, spelling, punctuation, and arrangement.)

Ans.—(For the applicant. Ed.)
3. Discuss: “Parsing is one of the most useful, or the

most uselest, exercises in grammar.”
Ans.—If the parsing is maintained as an intelligent un
derstanding of the relative value and form of words as
the means of expressing thought, then it is an invaluable
exercise. But if it be permitted to degenerate into mere
parrot recital of dry, and to the user, meaningless and
disconnected forms without thought, it becomes a criminal
waste of time.
4. Define mode; distinguish between finite and infinite
modes.
Ans.—(a) The form or use of the verb that indicates
the manner in which the action or state is to be regarded.
(b) The indicative, subjunctive, and imperative modes
are sometimes called finite, because they are limited or de
fined by their subjects. The infinitive is not so limited
by
its subjects, hence its name not—finite.
5. Parse the participles in the following: “The Lord is
the saving strength of His annointed.”
Ans.—Saving—the present active participle of the verb
save, used here as an subjective to modify the noun
strength.
Anointed—the past active participle of the verb anoint,
used as a noun, objective case, object of the relation ex
-
pressed by the preposition of.
6. Define adverb; name the classes as to function, and
give an example of each.
Ans.— (a) A word used to modify the meaning of a
verb, adjective, or another adverb.
(b) Simple, She is most wise.
Interrogative, When shall we meet?
Conjunctive, Go where glory waits.
7. Define sentence; name classes as to
form, and give
an example of each. -
Ans.— (a) A group of words used to express a state
ment, a question, a command, or an entreaty, and making
complete sense.
(b) Simple, John reads.
Compler, John reads when he is well.
Compound, John reads and Susan sings.
8. What test mav be applied to a verb to determine
whether it is passive? Illustrate.
Ans.— (a) If its subject denotes the receiver of the
verb's action, the verb is in the passive voice. be
(b) In “John struck James” the verb struck is in the
STATE of KANSAs 133
active voice, and its object James is the receiver of the

action. Arrange the expression so that the receiver James
becomes the subject and struck takes its passive form,
“James was struck by John.”
9. Analyze the following sentence: “He that hath no
rule over his own spirit is like a city that is broken down
and without walls.”
Ans.—Complex declaration sentence, of which “He . . . .
is like a city” is the principal clause and “that . . . . . . .
spirit” and “that ........ walls” are the two subordinate
clauses.
He is the base of the subject modified by “that... . . . . . .
spirit” an adjective clause, and by like an adjective ele
ment used in its predicate. That is the connective and
subject of the adjective clause; hath is the basis of the
predicate modified by rule an objective element, which is
modified by no, an adjective element; hath is also modi
fied by “over . . . . . . . . spirit” an adverbial phrase, of
which over is the introductory word and spirit is the basis;
spirit is modified by his and own, two simple adjective ele
mentS.
Is is the copula of the principal sentence, and like is the
predicate adjective of He. Like is modified by “(unto) a
city . . . . . . . . walls,” a complex adverbial phrase, of which
(unto) understood is the introductory word and city is
the basis. City is modified by a a simple adjective ele
ment, and by “that . . . . . . . . walls” an adjective clause of
which that is the connective and subject, and “is broken
down and without walls” is the compound predicate, of
which “is broken down” is the first member, of which is
broken is the basis modified by down a simple adverbial
element; and “(is) without walls” is the second member,
of which (is) is the base, modified by the adverbial phrase
“without walls,” of which without is the introductory
word and walls is the base.
10.
Parse the italicized words ques

in
in
- the sentence
£10m 9.
Ans.—No simple adjective modifying rule.
is
a
Own simple adjective modifying spirit.

is is
nº
a
an adjective, used the predicate, and modifies

in
€.
That relative pronoun, third person, singular num
is
a
ber, neuter gender city. Nomi

to
agree with its antecedent

native case, the subject walls.”
of
the clause “that

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
GEOGRAPHY.
v. In what ways is a globe more helpful than maps
- in
teaching geography?
Ans.—From the globe a truer conception can be had of
the shape of the earth, of the relative quantities and the
distribution of water and land, of the equator, parallels,
meridians, poles, isothermal lines, zones, inclination of the
axis, seasons, night and day, tides, and indeed of every
thing except in matters of detail, elevations, etc.
2. In what gone are the most dangerous animals? Name
five of them and tell in what countries they are found.
Ans.— (a) In the torrid zone.
(b) The lion in equatorial Africa and torrid Asia; the
tiger in tropical India; the cobra of India; the boa-con
strictor of South America; and the crocodile of Africa
The lion and the tiger are both found also outside the-
torrid zone, as are some species of the crocodile.
3. Quito, the capital of Ecuador, has a temperate cli
mate. In the eastern part of Ecuador the heat is exces
sive. What causes the difference
Ans.—Ecuador lies under the equator, the altitude of its
eastern portion is not great. Quito is about two miles
above the sea-level, hence its climate is delightful.
4. On a journey to the top of Pike's Peak what could
wou teach a geography class concerning the trees, plants,
animals, temperature, clouds, snow-line?
Ans.—That trees disappear as you ascend; that beyond
the snow-line nothing is left but scraggy bushes and
plants; that these give way to mosses and lichens, and
finally all plant life disappears; that animal life grows
more and more scarce and at last disappears also ; tem
perature is low; that clouds form below the tops of moun
tains, and that snow lies upon the summit of the high
mountain peak the year around.
5. Compare Rhode Island and Kansas as to geographi
cal situation, area, resources, industries, climate, educa
twoºt.
Ans.— (a) Kansas is 1 degree farther south, is inland, on
a high plain which forms a gradual ascent from east to
the Rocky Mountains.
Rhode Island is upon the ocean and bays and inlets are
numerot:S.
(b) Kansas' area is 82,080 square miles.
Rhode Island’s is 1,250 square miles.
(c) Kansas is one of the richest agricultural states in
STATE OF KANSAS 135
the Union; she has also zinc, lead, oil, gas, salt, gypsum,
and coal in vast deposits. Her total property value is
over 2% billion dollars, of which her live stock furnishes
over 300 millions, her manufactures 25 millions, her rail
roads 300 millions, her real property 1% billions.
Rhode Island is one of the greatest manufacturing
states, she possesses great water power, and her total
property valuation is one billion dollars, of which her live
stock is 6 millions, her manufactures 60 millions, her rail
roads 26 millions, her real property 800 millions.
(d) Kansas is agricultural, Rhode Island is manufac
turing.
(e) Kansas has hot summers, cold winters and great
extremes of temperature. »
Rhode Island has extremely cold winters and mild sum
mers.
(f) The educational systems are practically the same,
and the people are of about the same grade of intelli
gence and refinement.
6. Compare France and Argentina as to geographical
situation, resources, industries, climate, education, people.
and form of government. Name the principal city and
rºwer.
Ans.—(a) France—in Europe, N. Lat. 43° to 51°, Long.
5° west to 8°east of Greenwich, extensive sea-coast on
the Atlantic. -
Argentina—in South America between 21° and 50° S.
Lat. and 54° and 74 west Long., fine sea coast on the
Atlantic.
(b) France—great agricultural, manufacturing and
commercial state; her imports are 1% billions, her ex
ports one billion, this is exclusive of her colonies in
Africa, East Indies and elsewhere which make 4 billion
additional imports and 200 million additional exports.
Argentina—Great agricultural and commercial state;
her imports are 4 billion and her exports 600 millions.
(c) France—agriculture, manufacture and commerce.
Argentina—agriculture and commerce.
(d) France—northern portion is cool and moist; south
ern, much warmer and milder.
Argentina—all varieties from rigorous cold and ex
treme heat, to semi-tropical conditions.
(e) Both countries have excellent systems of education.
Argentina modeled hers after Massachusetts.
(f) France—The people are French, having their own
language and literature.
Argentina—The people are mainly emigrants from

European countries, but their language and literatuse ave
Spanish.
(g) Both republics.
(h) France—Paris and the Loire River.
Argentina—Buenos Aires and the Plata River.
7. On, a voyage from Shanghai to Bombay, over what
seas would you sail, and what countries, important eities
and islands would you pass?
Ans.—Seas—East China, South China, Strait of Mal
acca, Indian Ocean, Arabian Sea.
Countries—China, Anam, Straits Settlements, Dekkan
of India. -
Cities—Hong Kong, Canton, Manila, Saigon, Singapore.
Islands—Formosa, Philippine, Borneo, Sumatra, Ceylon.
8. Compare the province of Quebec, Canada, with the
province of Ontario as to geographical situation, people,
language, and government
Ans.— (a) They are adjoining provinces of Canada ly
ing on the St. Lawrence. Quebec is the oldest and next
the ocean, running west to the Ottawa River and the 80th
meridian, on both sides the St. Lawrence. Ontario con
tinues west to the 95th meridian, north of the St. Law
rence and the great lakes.
(b) The main part of Quebec's population is of French
descent, while that of Ontario is mainly British.
(c) English is the prevailing speech; but in Quebec es
pecially French and a French patois is the colloquial lan
guage. y
(d) They are both provinces in the Dominion of Can
ada, which is a colony of Great Britain, governed by a
Governor-General appointed by the British Crown, aided
by a Privy Council of 15 members also chosen by the
Crown. Each province has a Lieutenant-Governor ap
pointed by the Governor-General with an Executive Coun
elected by the people. composed
cil
of
The Parliament
is
two Houses; The

of
Senate and House Commons.

a
by
Senate appointed the Crown for life. The Commons

is
by
the people districts for

of
are chosen term five

in
years. Each province has its own separately elected leg

islature.
the following-named cities: Tokie,
of
Where
9.
is
each
Melbourne, Marseilles, Odessa, Hamburg, Antwerpf
Ans.—Tokio—Capital Japan, on Hondo Island.
–
of of
Melbourne Capital Victoria Southeastern Aus

in
tralia on Bass Strait.

STATE OF KANSAs 137
Marseilles—Southeastern France on the Mediterranean

COaSt.
(Odessa—Southern Russia, on Black Sea.
Hamburg—Northern Germany, on the Elbe.
Antwerp—Northern Belgium, on the North Sea.
10. Over what waters would you sail on a voyage from
Duluth to Buffalof -
Ans.—Lake Superior, St. Marys River, Lake Huron, St.

Clair River, Lake St. Clair, Detroit River, and Lake Erie.
|UNITED STATES HISTORY.

1. State relative advantages and disadvantages in the
use of outlines and outline maps.
Ans.—Advantages: Present a graphic illustration of
events that are connected, their sequential order and bear
ing, and supply catch-words and phrases to assist the
memory. The maps enable one to see and appreciate
routes of travel, presence of rivers, railroads, forests,
mountains, directions and distances.
Disadvantages: The immature mind comes to rely upon
the outlines, can not recall relations without them, and
can not construct a mental map without the intervention
of and reliance upon an outline map.
2. Show how the study of geography and history may be
correlated.
Ans. The two must be correlated to be of value. Moun
tains, valleys, plains, harbors, rivers, lakes, all physical
formation; winds, rainfall, all physical phenomena, have
such an influence upon manners, customs, pursuits, beliefs,
separation into states, etc., etc., of man that Geography
becomes the precedent and necessary avenue by which we
approach history, and history gives new life and force to
every bit of geographical study and interest.
3. Discuss the early settlements of the Dutch and of the
English as to character and purpose.
Ans.—The Dutch came to engage in trade and barter,
consequently, they had few houses about a fort and trad
ing center.
The English came to escape what they believed to be op
pression and to make themselves homes, hence they had
towns with small farms adjoining them, permanent culti
vated homes for them.
4. Make an outline of Georgia covering the following
points: (a) Where settled; (b) date of settlement; (c)
leading persons and classes of colonists; (d) forms of
government, local and in relation to the mother country.

Ans.— (a) Savannah.
(b) 1732.
(c) James Oglethorpe and 130 others, most of them
poor debtors, who had crowded the jails of England. In
time Italians from Piedmont, Moravians and Lutherans
from Germany, and Scotchmen from the Highlands made
settlements in Georgia.
(d) The government was royal or provincial. The
king appointed the governor, and instructed him as to .
how he wished the colonists governed. The legislature
had two branches, the lower house elected by the people,
the upper appointed by the governor. The acts of the leg
islature were subjected to review, its powers were limited.
The governor could veto any legislation that did not suit
him. All laws, even when approved by the governor, must
be approved by the king, or let stand for three years bc
fore becoming effective.
5. Discuss the principle of federation by the united colo
nies of New England, 1643.
Ans.—It was too restricted in powers to be of much
avail. It is particularly noteworthy because it paved the
way for federal government. Its affairs were managed by
a board of eight commissioners (two each from Plymouth,
Massachusetts Bay, Connecticut and New Haven), who
must be church members. These commissioners could :
(a) Control foreign affairs.
(b) Control all dealings (even to making war) with
the Indians.
The league was formed to resist the Indians who were
claiming the Connecticut Valley and so threatened the
coast colonies.
These commissioners could not:
(a) Lay taxes.
(b) Meddle with the internal affairs of the colonies.
6. What differences marked the colonial policy of Eng
land (a) before 1760; (b) after 1760.
(a) To give the colonies local self government and all
rights compatible with the exercise of control by the king.
(b) To restrict the colonies, taking away every right
that could be taken in order to strengthen the almost ab
solute power of King and Parliament.
7. State the main provisions of the treaties of 1782 and
1783? What was the necessity for two treaties?
Ans.—The treaty of 1782 was made necessary to stop
STATE OF KANSAS 139
desultory warfare and permit the withdrawal of the British

army pending the deliberations over boundaries and the
condition of Tories, British merchants, etc, etc.
The treaty of 1783; recognized the independence of the
United States; established our boundaries; accorded us
fishing rights along Canadian and New Foundland coasts;
recommended by Congress that all civil rights be restored
to Tories, and that the United States pay for confiscated
Tory property; our merchants were to pay all ante-war
debts contracted with British merchants; so far as either
party to the treaty could determine the Mississippi was to
be open to free navigation of both countries; the King of
Great Britain was to withdraw all armies, garrisons and
fleets as speedily as possible.
8. Discuss Hamilton's financial measures and their in
fluence.
Ans.—Hamilton's policy planned to: pay the foreign debt
and interest; pay the debts from the government to the
private citizens; assume all the State debts contracted dur
ing the revolution.
For these purposes he secured: the tariff on all imports;
an excise tax on liquor manufactured in or imported into
the United States; the establishment of the United States
Bank, and of the United States Mint. The policy was that
of a great patriot and statesman, and the measures by
which he accomplished it were so entirely successful that
he established our credit firmly, and made our finances
secure.
9. What was the point at issue in the controversy con
cerning the United States Bank during Jackson's adminis
tration?
Ans.—The implication of the Bank in politics against
Andrew Jackson and his party.
10. Discuss (a) financial, (b) political, (c) industrial
results of the Civil War.
Ans.— (a) Financial. The government employed, two
devices to raise the enormous amount of money required:
taxes and loans. The taxes were: tariffs upon imports,
taxes upon incomes, salaries, trades, callings, nearly
all
home manufactures, and receipts common carriers, and

of
legal and public documents. The

all
stamp tax upon

a
loans were: government interest-bearing bonds and treas

ury notes (promises pay without interest).
to
In
order
to
increase the volume currency, and strengthen our

of
finances, national banks with note-issuing power were au

thorized. At the conclusion
of
the war was found that

it
the struggle had cost the country $3,250,000,000 in wealth.

Add to this the Confederacy cost of $1,750,000,000, and the
United States expended in the four years of civil war five
billion dollars.
(b) Political. The national government was infinitely
stronger than before the war. The right of nullification
and secession was relegated to the closet, the domestic
institution of slavery was destroyed, and our foreign in
fluence and prestige were immensely enhanced.
"(c) The wealth of the country rose from 16 billions to
30 billions dollars, manufactures were prosperous and busy,
internal commerce multiplied many fold, and agriculture
increased even more rapidly under the homestead law and
liberal grants of Congress.
GENERAL HISTORY.
ru.
1. How and when was slavery abolished in the British
colonies?
Ans.—The Parliament enacted a law in 1833 that was to Sc
go into effect, August 1, 1834, freeing all slaves through tio
out the British possessions, and paying their masters out
of the national treasury $100,000,000 to compensate them Tee
for the manumission.
2. How did the Napoleonic wars affect commerce and
agriculture?
Ans.—Almost destroyed both. Ste
3. Has George V as much power as George I, George II,
and George 111 ? Give reasons for your answer.
No. The various measures of reform which were en
acted during the last century strengthened the power of
the House of Commons at the expense of kingly power as
well as that of the House of Lords.
4. Give briefly the causes for the continuous unrest in
Ireland.
Ans.—The abolition of their Irish parliament, the ab
sentee-landlord holding of the land, the preference ac
corded the Protestant religion, the administration of jus
tice by imperial rather than home-rule courts, the recur
rence of famine conditions, and immigration of so many
Irishmen to the new world have all contributed.
5. Compare Queen Victoria with Queen Elizabeth as to
character, influence, length of reign, and important events
during reign.
Ans.—(a) Queen Elizabeth was one of the world's
greatest executives, learned, subtle, politic, skilled in read
STATE OF KANSAS 141
ing and using men, bold, able, unscrupulous, arbitrary, and

self-willed. She ruled Great Britain with an eye single to
the country's glory and increase of power, because she her
self profited thereby.
Queen Victoria was resolute but gentle, permitting her
ministers to rule, and using her influence to persuade them
to adopt her views, but yielding, if they did not. She ex
ercised power not for the pleasure or profit of the exer
cise, but because the highest moral good of the British -
people so demanded.
(b) Elizabeth's influence was more potent amongst the
statesmen and rulers of the world, while Victoria's was
greatest in the hearts of the people, not only of her own
but of all civilized nations.
(c) Elizabeth ruled for 45 years (1558–1603). Victoria
ruled for 64 years (1837-1901).
(d) Elizabeth's reign—Execution of Mary, Queen of
Scots; defeat of the Spanish Armada; the Knox Reforma
tion in Scotland; the rise and persecution of the Puri
tans; the Queen's championship of Protestantism; the ca
reers of Drake, Raleigh, Hawkins and Frobisher; the pa
tronage of literature and the works of Marlowe, Lodge,
Spencer, Jonson, Bacon, and Shakespeare.
Victoria's reign—Lighting by gas and electricity; the
steamboat and railway; penny postage; the electric tele
graph; telephones; ocean cables; dynamos; motors, all the
great inventions of the 19th century occurred in this reign;
the repeal of the Corn Laws; the Crimean War; the Sepoy
meeting; Reform Bill of 1867; settlement of the Irish
Church question; elementary school law; the army re
form; secret ballot in elections; the opening of the Uni
versities to all religious faiths; the Boer War.
6. What efforts are now being made to change the
House of Lord?
Ans.—To have it so constituted that it will become more
popular and can be changed more readily.
7. Tell briefly how the Land Acts have helped the Irish
people. , i
Ans.—By enabling them to becomeland-owners, it has
made them more conservative, that is to say less radical in
their demands, and more tolerant of lesser abuses and
causes of complaint.
8. Name three noted British statesmen who plead the
cause of the American colonies in the British Parliament.
Ans.—Lord Chatham, Edmund Burke, and Charles
James Fox.
9. How long have Great Britain and France been at

peace? What was the last battle between them f
Ans.— (a) 95 years.
(b) Battle of Waterloo, June 18, 1815.
10. What form of government was recently established
in South Africa?
Ans.—In the main the government is the same as that
of Canada, the several original colonies being ruled under
the title of the United States of South Africa, by a Gov
i :
ernor-General appointed by the British Crown, and a gen
eral parliament one branch of which is selected by popu
lar vote.
HISTORY OF KANSAS. .
1. Through what parts of Kansas did Lewis and Clark
and Zebulon Montgomery Pike pass?
Ans.—Lewis and Clark—Landed within the present site
of Kansas City, Kan., and on the 4th of July, 1804, at or
near the present site of Atchison, named a small creek
Fourth of July Creek, and a creek four miles further up
the river Independence Creek.
Zebulon Pike — Entered Kansas in what is now Linn
county, marched west and crossed the Neosho, followed
the divide between the Neosho and Verdigris and going
north on Sept. 17, 1806, he arrived at the Smoky Hill and
two days later at the Saline. September 25th he was in
the Pawnee Republic, near the present site of Republic So
City. September 29th he caused the Indians to lower the
Spanish flag and raise the Stars and Stripes for the first pa
º.
ha
time over a settlement in Kansas. October 9th he marched
toward the Great Bend of the Arkansas. There his party wi
divided. One party went down the river to the Missis
sippi. The other party under Pike went up the Arkansas, Sas
where he passed out of the confines of the present state tur
and discovered the peak which bears his name.
2. Give the general direction of the Santa Fe trail. Sch
ing
Ans.—West, south, and southwest.
int
3. Name three of the church missions established Sch

pre-territorial days, and tell where each was
ºn
Kansas Dor
situated. Name three well-known missionaries. tho
Ans.— (a) The Presbyterian Missions for the Osages wri
-
at Neosho and Boudinot in 1824. Stu,
The Catholic Mission Osage Mission for the Osages ene
at
.
in 1847. Dro
The Ottawa Mission for the Ottawas Franklin county.
in
Ond
STATE OF KANSAS 143
(b) Father John Schoenmakers, Isaac McCoy, Thomas

Johnson, and Jonathan Meeker.
4. What representation had Kansas in Congress when it
was a territory?
Ans.—None. Oct. 1, 1855, the Pro-Slavery Party elected
J. W. Whitfield as delegate, casting 2721 votes for him, the
Free State men abstaining from voting. Oct. 9, 1855, the
Free State Party elected Andrew H. Reeder, casting 2,849
votes for him, the Pro-Slavery men abstaining from vot
ing. Congress would seat neither of them.
5. Name four well-known cities that were founded when
Kansas was a territory.
Ans.—Leavenworth, Atchison, Lawrence, and Topeka.
6. A county in Kansas was named for one of the terri
torial governors. Name the county. Was that its first
name?
Ans.—Geary. No, 's name was changed from Davis
(Jefferson) to Geary in 1889.
7. In what parts of Kansas were colonies settled from
the following-named countries: Sweden, Russia, Quebec
(Canada)?
Ans.— (a) Saline county.
(b) Harvey, Marion, Reno and Ellis counties.
(c) Cloud county.
8. What is the work of the Kansas State Historical
Society?
Ans.—To collect and preserve books, periodicals, news
papers, documents, heirlooms, souvenirs, all articles which
have any historical interest because of their association
with Kansas History, or with noted Kansans.
9. What important changes have been made in the Kan
sas school laws since the beginning of the twentieth cen
tury?
ºis-Manner of forming, dividing, and disorganizing
school districts has been changed; powers of district meet
ing redefined; provision made for sending children to
schools outside the district; district consolidation; trans
portation of children at public expense; kindergartens au
thorized; law for examining and certificating teachers re
written; state board of education to provide courses of
study for common schools; teachers' institute law strength
ened; registration and revocation of teachers' certificates
provided for ; graded country schools established for sec
ondary education, etc., etc. y
10. In what part of the state is each of the following
named institutions: State Industrial Reformatory, State

Penitentiary, State Home for Feeble-Minded. State Indus
trial School for Boys, State Industrial School for Girls?
Ans—(a) Hutchinson. (b) Lansing.- (c) Winfield.
(d) Topeka. (e) Beloit.
READING.
1. Why should the child be taught to read by sentences?
Ans.—Because the sentence is the expression of the com
plete thought. By reading by words or phrases, he is not
expressing the meaning of the writer.
2. How is the meaning of new words to be developed f
Ans.—By requiring sentences to be formed with the
word used correctly therein.
3. Discuss the following topics: (a) assignment of the
reading lesson ; (b) how to study
it.
considerable portion
of
Ans.—(a) the recitation
A
the assignment the next les
of
be
hour should
to
devoted
The teacher should call attention
to
son. the main theme,
new and unusual expressions, should indicate sources
of to
regard the subject, the author and the

to
information
in
conditions, value, which called for the selection.

of
It
if
part the selection,
is of
or
to
sometimes well read all

is
a
and give instructions particu
be
to
to
as
how and - what

larly studied. -
studied with the dictionary, encyclo
be
(b) should
It
pedia and other works hand ready
- be
to
of
reference
at
used, and used.

Discuss the following topics: (a) platform reading;
4.
(b) concert reading—its use and abuse.

remove self
be
Ans.—(a)
to
should order
in
It
used
consciousness, and secure grace and composure public, in
good
to
and also see that naturalness and modulation are

preserved. The inexperienced public reader will, even if
good reader, the floor, become embar a
on
or
at
his seat,
rassed, high, monotonous tone for his delivery
or
assume
a
platform work.
in
(b) secures exercise pronunciation and expression

in
It
while the timid one gaining courage and confidence.

is
It
helps the too rapid reader slow down, and the slow one
to
whip up, until each acquires average speed.

an
to
is
It
also economical time-saving; but easily and might

in
is
it
ily abused by hiding the deficient, lazy, one amongst the

mass, and thus destroying the individual's progress.
Outline your plan conducting
of
recitation the
in
5.
Fourth reader.
STATE OF KANSAS 145
Ans.—Require the gist of the lesson to be recited by two

or more pupils in their own words, and wherever they
seem not to have arrived at the correct understanding,
discuss and explain until the meaning is arrived at. Then
have the author's exact words used, paying particular at
tention to forcible, clear and natural expression—to read
ing rather than elocution. Close with questions about the
author, conditions under which written, spelling and de
fining words used in the selection.
ORTHOGRAPHY.
parachute condolence sobriety
grievous satiate custodian
chorister discern delicious
anomalous exonerate CenSuS
control chrysolite accusative
similar orchis pernicious
proselyte COCOanut villainous
duteous caribou cavalier
harangue
6. What is accent? Mark the accent of the following:
Present, object, transfer, record and rebel, and define each.
(a) Stress laid upon a particular syllable.
(b) Presſent (here), present' (verb); object (noun),
object' (verb); trans'fer (noun), transfer' (verb); recº
ord (noun), record' (verb); rebel (noun), rebel" (verb).
Define synonyms; homonyms; antonyms. Illustrate
%
each.
Ans.—(a) Words having same meaning, as changing,
variable.
(b) Words having same sound, but different meaning,
as ceiling, sealing.
(c) Words having opposite meanings, as hot, cold.
8. Mark diacritically the following: Lacerate, czar,
equator, museum, calyx.
9. Give method of conducting an advanced spelling class.
Ans.—Use both the oral method and the written, thus
training both car and eye.
10. Give uses of the dictionary.
Ans.—To ascertain the spelling, pronunciation, root, de
rivation, history, meaning, shade of meaning, synonyms,
and secondary uses of words.
PENMANSHIP.
1. Give arguments in favor of vertical writing. In
favor of slant writing.
(a) It is more
its
legible, because of nearness form
in
to print.
(b) Business men say easier for the child
to
write
is
it
brings out the individuality
of
and that the writer
it
-
more than the vertical system.
What means do you keep writing material
in
to
2.
take
sanitary condition?
a
Ans.—I have box which all writing materials are
in
in a
kept when not require all pupils clean pens
to
use.
I
thoroughly before they are laid by.
the analysis letters into parts, curves and lines
of
Is
3.
value? Give reasons for your answer.

of
Ans.—Yes. For much the same reason that the analysis

grammar gives the student thorough
of
in
sentences
a
knowledge
of
the structure.
How do you prevent tight gripping the penholder?
of
4.
Ans.—By constant watchfulness, and by showing the

child how use the penholder myself.
I
PHYSIOLOGY.
What are the general functions the bones? of -
1.
Ans.—To support, make firm, and give shape and for

protect delicate organs, and softer
to
to
the body, and

tissues.
alcohol upon muscular endur
of
What
2.
is
the effect
ance?
Ans.—Alcohol lessens muscular strength. person A
wearied from muscular labor takes glass of liquor and
a
for time feels refreshed, because the alcohol benumbs

a
his true condition. Thus,

of
the nerves which tell him

whip. The taker makes spurt endeavor, it
of
acts like
a
and then the reaction comes showing his muscles less capa
energy and endurance.
of
ble
Describe digestion the intestines.
in
3.
Ans.—Before leaving the stomach the food, partially di

gested, intensely acid because the presence large
of
of
is
quantity gastric juice. This acid condition prevents

of
the intestinal juice, hence, the duodenum,

of
the action
in
poured into making the mass slightly alkaline

it,
the bile
is
and emulsifying the fats. At the same time the pancre

atic juice converts starch into sugar ,and assists the di
in
STATE OF KANSAS 147
gestion of the fats and albumen. In the small intestine,

the intestinal juice is secreted in the walls and finishes the
incomplete work of the other fluids, and digests cane—
Sugar.
4. Discuss the lymphatics as to (a) distribution; (b)
structure; (c) relation to tissues and veins.
Ans.— (a) An intricate net-work of minute tubes which
connect the lymph spaces which lie outside the blood ves
sels in the interlacing net-work of the tissues throughout
the entire body, all converging toward the center of the
trunk and finally emptying their contents into the venous
circulation near the left side of the heart.
(b) At intervals throughout the body the lymph tubes
pass through roundish masses of varying size. These
glands contain cells resembling white blood corpuscles, and
with the vessels form the lymphatic system. Numerous
valves in the vessels open only toward the heart.
(c) The system is a medium of exchange between the
blood and the tissues, receiving digested food, water and
oxygen from the blood and conveying them to the tissues;
and receiving the waste elements from the tissues and dis
charging it into the veins. It also picks up food material
which has escaped into the tissues, and drains them of
superfluous fluid, all of which it throws into the return
circulation in the veins. -
5. How does alcohol affect the heart and arteries?
Ans.—It quickens the heart-action, not by giving
strength, but by benumbing the nerves which control the
heart and smaller arteries. The walls of the arteries re
lax, and the blood flows more easily. This makes the “run
away” heart. In course of time, the continued use of al
cohol produces weak and irregular heart action, and, final
ly paralysis of the muscular walls of the arteries and
fatty degeneration of the heart and a similar change in
the artery-walls results.
6. Discuss cleanliness in school as applied to (a) furni
its
ture; (b) slates; (c) books, in relation the health

to
of the pupil.
Ans.—(a) Dirty desks and furniture catch and hold
the disease germs and humors from affected pupils. Others
coming contact with these are contaminated.
in
(b) The gummy slate performs the same office, and

is
more dangerous because many children moisten their

it,
carrying the filth

to
to
hands and rub the slate clean

their persons and mouths.
(c) Books catch the germs from the air and hold them
fast between the leaves for months and even years, not to
be released until some child opens the book and breathes
them into his system.
7. What analogy exists between the nervous system and
the telegraph system?
Ans.—The terminals of the nerves upon the body’s ex
ternal surface receive the message of sensation from the
outside world and convey that message along the telegraph
wire of the sensory nerves until it reaches the brain, the
great central receiving station, where the operator reads
the message, and immediately sends out an order along
the motor nerves to various portions of the body directing
the muscles to act in a certain way. This completes the
system and circuit of the cerebro-spinal system, except
that in the spinal cord are branch stations by which re
flex action is obtained without waiting for the brain to
act.
8. Describe the ear as a medium for transmitting sound
ºvazyes.
Ans.—The outer ear is a canal with the couch so shaped
that the sound wave in the external atmosphere is di
rected, led toward and concentrated upon the outer drum
head. The outer drum-head, vibrating, sets in motion the
little chain of ear-bones, and these in turn cause the inner
tympanum to vibrate. The inner tympanum sets up waves
in the liquid in the inner ear and causes the little bodies
suspended therein to increase this vibration which is im
parted to the nerve filaments spread out upon their key
board-like shelves. These filaments impart their vibrations
to the auditory nerve, the great telegraph line of sound.
In some mysterious way these vibrations are at the brain
center translated from sensation into perception.
9. Give four rules for the care of the eye.
Ans.— (a) When engaged in work which requires the
eye to be fixed upon near objects to be sustained for some
time, rest the eyes during frequent and short intervals by
looking away from the work.
(b) Never read or apply the eyes ciosely. except in a
sufficient light, coming from the rear and over the left
shoulder if possible.
(c) Avoid exposure to a sudden bright light.
(d) When the eyes are irritated by excessive work, a
cold, exposure to dust, or any similar cause of irritation,
STATE OF KANSAS 149
bathe frequently with cool, tepid, or hot water, giving

them rest until the irritation subsides.
10. What is the objection to teaching physiology from
the book alone? What, in addition to tert-book work,
should be included in the course in physiology?
Ans.—A text-book can not give illustrations and experi
ments enough without being made too bulky, and (in ad
dition) the child must make the experiments for himself.
Then, the book can not present the work on a large
enough scale to show all the parts and their relations to
each other. Chart-work, drawing, manakin, casts, experi
ments should be used to help in the teaching of the sub
ject.

1. There are ninety-two senators in the Senate of the
United States. How many constitute a quorum ? How
many can pass a bill?
Ans.— (a) 47.
(b) There must be a quorum present, then a majority
of those voting will be sufficient. If a bare quorum is
present and voting, 24.
2. There are 391 members of the house of representa
tives. How many constitute a quorum ? How many can
pass a bill?
-
(a) 196.
(p) There must be a quorum present, then a majority
of those voting will suffice. If a bare quorum is present,
and voting, 99.
3. What is the constitutional requirement in regard to
the adjournment of the houses of Congress?
Ans.—A smaller number than a quorum in each House
may adjourn from day to day. Neither House during the
sei.sion of Congress shall adjourn for more than three
duys without the consent of the other House; nor to any
other place than that in which the two Houses shall be
sitting. . In case of disagreement between the two Houses
as to time of adjournment, the President may adjourn
them to such time as he shall think proper.
4. A bill is sent to the President for his approval on
June 14. If he fails to return
it,
when does become

it
Jazzy?
Ans.—If June 14th falls on Wednesday, Thursday, Fri
day Saturday, the bill would become the ex
or
at
law
a
piration of the 26th day of June; if June 14th falls on any

other day of the week, on the 25th; provided, Congress
has not adjourned so as to prevent its return by the Presi
dent by the date specified. The Constitution reads “with
in ten days (Sundays excepted).” In computing the ten
days, exclude Sundays and the day of the reception
by the President.
5. Can the President of the United States grant pardons
or reprieves for all offenses against the United States?
Ans.—Yes, in all cases, except conviction for impeach
1ment. >
6. What rights are guaranteed by the constitution to per
sons charged with crime?
Ans.—To a presentment by a grand jury where the crime
charged is either capital or infamous (except in time of
war or public danger when militia is in actual service, or
in the army or navy); not to testify against himself; nor
be twice put in jeopardy for same offense; nor be deprived
of life, liberty or property without due process of law; to
a fair and speedy and public trial before a jury of the
State and district wherein the alleged crime was commit
ted, which district shall have been previously ascertained
by law; to be informed of the nature and cause of the ac
cusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him;
to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his
favor; to have counsel for his defense; to security of per
son and property from unreasonable seizure and search.
7. Why is the quartering of soldiers in private houses
without the consent of the owner in time of peace pro
hibited by the constitution?
Ans.—To prevent tyranny and oppression by the govern
ment; to prohibit trespass and destruction of property by
bodies of irresponsible men, feared because of uniform
and power; to secure the rights of individual ownership,
and establish the sovereignty of each citizen over his home
and property.
8. What rights does the constitution give the people in
regard to freedom of speech, freedom of the press, and
the right to petition the government for redress of griev
ances?
Ans.—“Congress shall make no law . . . . . . . . abridging
the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the
people peaceably to assemble. and to petition the govern
ment for a redress of grievances.”—Amendment I.
-
STATE OF KANSAS 151
9. Has Congress the constitutional right to build roads

in any state? What is it?
Ans.— (a) Yes.
(b) “To establish post roads.”
Some authorities claim that this power is also delegated
to Congress by “to regulate commerce ........ among the
several states” (inter-state commerce), “promote the gen
all
eral welfare,” and “make
be
laws which shall necessary
and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing
powers, and all other powers vested by this constitution
the government the United States, any depart
or
of
in
in
or
ment officer thereof.”

10. What books on the constitution have you read?
Ans.—Bancroft,
-
Curtis, Hillsdale, Andrews, Bryce, etc.
*
LITERATURE.
-
-
What blank verse? Name, poets who have used

1.
is
it
successfully.
Ans.—(a) Poetry
in
which the lines do not end
in
rhymes.
(b) Shakespeare, Milton, Browning, Bryant, al.
et
What the essential difference between the epic and
2.
is
the lyric poetry?

in
Ans.—The epic some great
of of
the narration detail
in
is
the history
of
nation of
or
or
event man
is in
events
a
a
The lyric song verse, the expression
of
in
men. some
a
feeling thought song.

or
in
as
Classify “Sohrab and Rustum” poem. State the

2.
the poem.
of
theme
narrative poem and by many
of
Ans.—It the best

is
a
of authorities
as
classed an epic.
is
opposite belliger
as
Fate brings together, champions

of
ent armies,
to
father and his son, each unknown the

a
other, simple combat. Twice the son secures the ad

in
vantage, but finally

he
as
overcome lies wounded

is
unto death, the identity

he in of
to
revealed the other.

is
each
The son dies reconciled thought
of
the the successful

the long search has made for his parent, and
of
issue
the father consoled the heroism of his son.
in
is is
the meaning the appropriateness

of
of
What
4.
the
title “Christmas Carol?”
Ans.—A song praise and devotion
in to
of
and about the

Birthday
of
of
the Savior mankind. the Christmas

It
is
its
time, under spirit, that old Scrooge learns, the intense

joy living for others with broad, cheerful love. for
of
humanity. This was what Christ died for, thus He lived,

and it is peculiarly appropriate that Scrooge should have

had, this rebirth into altruism on the blessed anniversary
of the birth of the perfect man and altruist.
5. Tell eractly the purpose of each of the three ghosts
in “Christmas Carol.”
Ans—To show what the past has been, what is now the
its
portion of living and what may be reward based upon
the purpose and spirit which one cherishes for and
of
his
the vis
of
fellow beings. The Ghost Christmas Past
is
by
what has been accomplished
in of
ualization the vision—
seeing one his previous career;
of
the Present.
is
the
that accomplishment, and
of
of
to to
net result him now
Come, what may accomplish under
he
Christmas bet
a
ter order, with nobler aspirations.
What conditions our national life called for the
in
6.
story “The Man Without Country?”
a
Ans.—The distractions and divisions purpose and
in
feeling raised by the doctrine States Rights and Na
ofof
tionalism the opening years the Civil War. United
in
States Senators and statesmen were giving their reasons

for and against the Union, and men rebellion were run
in
ning amuck “without country.”
of a
the story
of
Write “The Great Stone
Fi.
sketch
a
ace.”
the people
in of
Ans.—A cliff-like formation assumes
to
the valley the outlines great face, and each sees
of
a
his greatest and best man, thus the Great

of
the outline
it
Stone Face becomes the tracing

of
the ideal man, from

which each observer, draws his standard of excellence.
money who has set up the
of
Gatherold the man

is
wrong standard and, because he has successfully modeled

his life upon that standard, the multitude find him
ofbe
the to
the Great Stone Face, he has come out
of
incarnation the
valley hope and desire and has achieved popularity. but
of
not real manhood. Blood and-Thunder another way has

in
sought achieve with the sword what the other sought

to
do with the purse, he too attains mouth-honor of

to
to
the populace; yet fails miserably. So with the states

he
man, and poet—each fails, but each successive one comes

so
little nearer the realized ideal—the poet near that he

a
knows that he does not have the features of the Stone

humble, patient, nat
he
Face—so near that sees that the

ural, self-sacrificing altruism Ernest daily put into prac
of
the Beautiful, the True and the Good that go

of
tice all
is
make up the ideal

to
of
human character.
STATE OF KANSAS 153
And while Ernest has been seeking for the Ideal in other
lives, his very simplicity, truth and self-forgetfulness en
able him all unconsciously in his humble station in life
to become The Great Stone Face not alone to the valley
dwellers, but to all men within and without the valley.
8. Which of the three stories, “Christmas Carol,” “The
Man Without a Country,” or “The Great Stone Face,” do
you like best? Why? Which in your judgment is told
best? Why?
Ans.— (a) The Man Without a Country.
(b) Because Patriotism is one of the loftiest and most
practical virtues with which a child of a Republic can be
inspired. y
(c) The Great Stone Face.
(d) Because its literary form is far more finished and
perfect, and is so constructed that it comes closer to the
universal brain and heart. The Carol is too diffuse and
loose, the Man Without a Country is narrowed and re
stricted in many ways, while the Great Stone Face can be
understood and taken home by every son of Adam and
daughter of Eve.
PHYSICS.
1. Distinguish betweenpotential and actual energy.
Ans.—Actual, or kinetic energy is energy possessed by a
body in consequence of its motion, as a stone falling to
the ground.
Potential energy is due merely to advantage of posi
tion, derived always from work bestowed upon the body
in placing it in that position, as the hammer of a pile
driver suspended by its rope or cable 25 feet above the pile
that is being driven.
2. How many horse power are required to raise 2200
pounds 28 feet in 4 seconds?
Ans.—A horse-power=550 foot-pounds in a second.
2200X28–61,600 foot-pounds of work.
61600
61600-i-4–15,400, No. of foot-pounds to be done in a
second.
15400--550=28 horse powers.
3. How can adhesion between a solid and water be
shown 2
Ans.—By dipping the hand in water, the hand when
withdrawn is wet, because of the particles of water adher
ing to Drop drop chalk,
of
or
it.
water into fine dust
a
the drop will fine coating
to be
or
of of
covered with dust
a
chalk adhering The first example liquid
it.
is
one
a
iºns solid; the second, solid adhering
of
to
to
a
a
1quid.
body immersed wa
be
How can shown that
in
4.
it
of a
ter loses weight equal that the water displaced?
in to
a
Ans.—Weigh the body air, then immerse water
in
it
which just fills containing vessel the brim, and weigh
to
a
while immersed. Upon weighing the overflowed water
from the vessel, you will ascertain that that weight the
is
as
the difference between the weight the body
of
in
same
air and in water.
By means drawing explain the suction lifting
of
or
5.
a
pump.
Describe the heating rooms by means
of
of
hot-air
6.
furnaces.
by
Ans.—The fresh, cold air
to
admitted ducts the
is
heating chamber where contact with the heated
in
comes
it
surfaces and being thus heated rises through the hot air
pipes, heating the air through which moves by convec
it
tion. The vitiated being denser than the warm fresh air
escapes through ventilators, and the purer air takes its
place, thus constant circulation and heating by convec
a
tion kept up.

is
By means drawing show the relation between

of
7.
bya
the angles made the incident and reflected sound

.
700ves.
Ans.—[For the applicant.] -
R.—What are overtones?
Ans.—Sounds issuing from string other body that
or
a
vibrates parts are called overtones.

in
experiment of
an
Describe illustrate the refraction

to
9.
light when passes from air into water.

it
Ans.—Thrust pencil obliquely into water; the pencil

a
will seem be shortened, will appear bent

to
at
the surface
the water, and the portion the pencil below the sur
of
of
face of the water will seem to be elevated.

10. What material make (a) temporary mag
to
is
used
nets? (b) permanent magnets?
soft iron surrounded by helix,
of
Ans.— (a)
or
core
A
soil, insulated wire completing

of
of
circuit an electrical
a
battery. --
magnet magnetize
of
(b)
to
it.
piece steel and

A
a
STATE OF KANSAS 155
11. Describe the process of electroplating.

Ans.—Thoroughly
pend it on the –
clean the article to be plated and sus
pole of a battery. Suspend a plate of the
same kind of metal that is to be deposited on the arti
cle from the + pole. The bath used is a solution of a
salt of the metal to be deposited. The cyanides of gold
and silver are the salts generally used for gilding and sil
vering.
12. Describe the incandescent light.
Ans.—The light is produced by the heating of some re
fractory body to a state of incandescence by the passage
of an electric current. The refractory body, generally a
filament of carbonized cotton or bamboo, is sealed into the
neck of a glass bulb, from which the oxygen of the air
has been removed, in such manner that it forms a part of
the circuit of an electrical current.
BOOKKEEPING.
1. Define: Bills payable, insolvency, ledger, assets.
Bills payable are our own written obligations to pay.
Insolvency is the condition existing when the liabili
ties exceed the assets.
The ledger is the book of accounts.
Assets include everything of value belonging to the
business.
2-3-4-5. Journalige, post, take trial balance, find loss or
gain, and close ledger:
Aug. 1–Student began business with merchandise,
$400; real estate, $1375; bills receivable, $710.
Aug. 2—Sold store and lot for cash, $1450.
Aug. 3—Sold merchandise to Geo. Bell on account, $240.
Aug. 4.—Received cash on note, less discount; face of
Aug. 5–Bought merchandise of H. W. Jones, $900;
paid cash $700, balance on account.
Aug. 8–Geo. Bell gave me on account, cash $100;
note
for balance due.
Aug. 9–Gave H. W. Jones note to balance account.
Aug 9–Sold merchandise for cash, $380.
Aug. 12—Paid note of 9th in cash, less discount, $9.40.
Merchandise inventory, $500.00.
AUGUST 1, 1910
Mdse.............. ---------------------- 400 00

Real Estate ..... ----------------------- 137500
Bills Rec. ......... --------------- ------- 71000
Student ................ -- -------- 248500
2 I Cash .................................... 145000
Real Estate............ ------------- 145000
3 || Geo. Bell ................ --------------- 240 00
Mdse - -- - - - - - - - ---------------------- 240 00
4 Cash - -- - -- - - - - - -- -- -------------------- 45250
Discount................... - - -- - - - - - - -- - 7 50
Bills Rec............................ 460 00
5 | Mdse ...................... .... - - - - - - - 900 00
-
Cash ............ -- - - - - - - -- - - - - -- - - - - 700 00
H. W. Jones... .................... :20000.
8 Cash ....................... ....... .... 100 00
Bills Rec...... ------- --- - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - 14000
Bell....... - - - ---------------
Geo. | 240 00
9 H. W. Jones............................ 200 00
BillsPay........................... 200 00
9 I Cash ............ ................... 380 00
. ...
Mdse......... --------------------- 38000
12 Bills Pay............................... 200 00
Cash ...... .... ........... ........
|
19060
Discount............................ 40
9
Note—in impossible ten whether the note
to
the 4th
it
is
is
a
bills receivable or bills payable.
STUDENT, Prop.
---
Aug. 103 10|Aug.
12
Net Loss 248.500

1
|
Pres. Wt 248190 —
.
|= 2500|_|_
00
_|2485
MERCHANDISE.
Aug. 400 00IAug. T3 34000
51
-
|
- 380 00
| | 00
129
900
---
Inventory 50000
|| ||
-
00
12 Loss __180
130000
13000"
|
BILLS BECEIVABLE
Aug. 710 00|Aug. 450 00
$|
81
g
140
|
|
|
|
CASH.
T5 TLoss
00
Aug. 1450 TEAug. 700 00

9 8 42
|
452 50 12 190 60
10000
380 00
GEO. BELL
||200|Aug.
ºn
Aug.
tº
||
||
8
||
3
|
|
-
STATE of KANSAs 157
|
DISCOUNT
--- TT|_
Aug. 4 7 30 || Aug. 12 | 9 40
12 || Gain 1 90 ||
|_|_**
- H. W. JONES. t
Aug. 9 | | | 2000 l'Aus. 5. |_|_2,000

BILLS PAYABLE.
Aug. *| | ||2000 Aug. *
LOSS & GAIN.
Aug. 12 || Moise.
18000 Aug. 3
12
Rººst,
I) iscount.
75 00
1 90
12 Net Lø88 103 10
18000 || ||
18t)00
TRIAL BALANCE
Student .................. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 248500
Mdse. ................ ... 130000 || 62000
Real Estate .......... . 13,500 || 1450(M)
Bills Receivable..... * 750 U() 46000
Cash. . . . . . . . . . .......... - 2:38:2
50 890 60
Discount................................ 7 50 9 40
591500 || tº 1500

1. What are the dangers of cramming as a method of
study?
Ans.—May break down the memory and weaken the rea
soning power.
2. Why should the teacher be able to appreciate the pu
pil's point of view, and how can she do it?
Ans.—Because, if she can not put herself in his place,
she can not understand his difficulties, and consequently
will not be able to remove them. She can do so by con
stantly keeping in touch with him and his interests and
studying his peculiarities.
3. What is the relation between erperience and brain
building?
Ans.—Every experience is an added piece of informa
tion to the stock with which the mind words, and at the
same time the experience aids in the development of every
faculty which is brought into use during the acquisition of

that experience.
4. Baplain how occasional mistakes may be made valu
able, but why frequent failures are dangerous.
Ans.—Occasional mistakes serve as checks and warnings
to secure cautious and intelligent exercise of the faculties
in the future. Frequent failures produce a state of dread
and fear, irresolution and inaction, which is fatal to en
deavor and achievement.
5. Define (a) perception; (b) imagination; (c) memory.
Ans.— (a) he faculty by which - the mind obtains
knowledge of external things through the senses.
(b) The creative faculty by which the mind takes its
}.
Orms.
experiences and combines them purposely into new
--
(c) The faculty by which the mind recalls and repre
sents its past experiences.
6. How may a child's interest in a new -subject be de
veloped £
Ans.—By connecting it closely with the mind's past ex
periences and awakening the child's self-interest in connec
tion there with. -
7. Show how you would go about securing good expres
sion from pupils in a class in elementary geography.
Ans.—By so exciting interest as to cause a loss of self
consciousness, and then by encouraging them to tell what
they know in their own language.
8. What should be the teacher’s connection with the
games and plays of the pupils?
Ans.—She should always be on the playground, know
what is going on, and in most games she can participate
herself.
9. How may a teacher be discharged, and for what
causes?
Ans.—The district board “in conjunction with the county
superintendent, may dismiss for incompetency, cruelty, neg
ligence, or immorality.”
10. What is the penalty if a teacher breaks a written
contract f
Ans.—The same as that entailed upon every person un
der the law. She can not recover for services unless she
abide by her contract, and she is liable in damages for her
breach, although it would be well nigh an impossibility to
prove the measure of such damages, in case of violation
of a teacher's contract to teach school. She is also liable
to lose her certificate.
STATE OF KANSAS 159
October 28-29, 1910.
ARITHMETIC.
Add three thousand eight hundred sixty-four; three
1.
hundred twenty-nine and thirty-six hundredths; six hun
dred five and nine thousandths; sixty-four and sixty-four
ten thousandths.
...Ans.—The sum is 4,862.3754.
2. A man sold three-fifths of his farm and had 176 acres
left. How many acres had he at first?
SoLUTION.
% of farm—176 A.
Then # of farm=% of 176 A. or 88 A.
And 5% of farm–5X88 A. or 440 A.
3. Draw to scale sections 1, 2, and 11 and locate the N.
I. A of section 11. (Scale, 2"=1 mile.)
.Ans.—[For the applicant.]
4. Prepare and solve a problem showing the number of
years, months and days since Kansas was admitted to the
Union. -
SoLUTION.—Kansas was admitted January 29, 1861. How
long has Kansas been a state?
1910 10 29
1861 1 29
49 9
Hence Kansas has been a state for 49 years and 9
months.
5. An article costing $1 was marked to sell at 10 per
cent profit. The selling price was reduced 2 per cent.
What was the gain per cent on a sale?
SoLUTION.
1.10X$1.00–$1.10, or marked price.
.98X$1.10=$1.078 or selling price at 2 per cent below
marked price.
$1.078–$1.00–$0.78 or profit.
$ .078+$1.00-- .078 or 7.8 per cent profit.
6. Find the cheapest cost of carpeting a room 18x23
ft.
yard yide, carpet costing cents per yard.

94
75
with carpet
SoLUTION.
ft.=6 yd yd.--94 yd.=8.
18
6
;
strips carpet each long

23
will take
ft.
to
of
Hence
it
carpet the room.

160 county ExAMINATION QUESTIONs
8X23 ft.=184 ft; 184 ft.=61% yds; 61%X$75–$46.

Therefore the cheapest cost of carpeting the room is $46.
7. If Washington, D. C., is 77° w. longitude, and San
Francisco is 112° w., when it is four o'clock p. m. in San
Francisco what is the hour in Washington, D. C.?
112°–77°=35° or difference in longitude.
Since 15° of longitude corresponds to 1 hour of time,
35° corresponds to 2% hours of time, or 2 hours and 20
minutes.
Since Washington is east of San Francisco its time will
be later than San Francisco's.
2 hours and 20 minutes after 4 o'clock p. m. is 6:20 p.m.
Therefore, when it is 4 o'clock p. m. in San Francisco
it is 6:20 p.m. in Washington, D.C
8. A cylinder has a radius of 7 inches and is 18 inches
high. Find capacity in gallons.
SoLUTION.—The volume of a cylinder is product of the
area of its base by its altitude.
Area of base=3.1416X49==153.9384.
Volume=153.9384X18=2770.8912 cu. in.
There are 231 cu. in. in a gallon.
2770.8912–1–231=11.9952 gal.
Therefore the capacity of the cylinder is 11.9952 gal.
9. How many bushels of shelled corn will an ordinary
wagon box 3x10
ft.
x26 in. contain?

SoLUTION.—Capacity in.
of
the wagon box
in
cu.
36X120X20=112320 cu. in.
There are 2150.42 cu. in.
in
bushel.
a
Capacity
of
the box
in
bushels=112320--2150.42=52.23 bu.
10. Explair, your method teaching grade
in
seventh
a
arithmetic class denominate numbers. Be brief.

Ans.—Have the teacher and the class read through to
gether the tables, the teacher taking pains up
to
clear hard
points and explain the various units.
to
Next take up the exercises and teach the pupil how

get the necessary facts for solving his to
to
use the tables

problems.
Finally review the tables and drill the more impor
on
tant ones until they beccme the pupil’s permanent posses

-
Sion.
— ALGEBRA.
84
(10–4)
Evaluate (a) —4+2; (b) V4+3*—4”--2%
1.
12
—
STATE OF KANSAs 161
84 (10–4) 84)(6
Ans.—(a) —4+2= —2
12 12
— —2
484:
=
12
=44—2
2. Translate with algebraic symbols: (a) What is the
(b) V4+32–42––24=2+9—1=10.
value in cents of the same number, 4, of dollars, cents,
quarters, and dimes?
(b) What is the greater of two numbers if the greater
ar,
is three times the earcess of the less number, over 12x
ar,
Ans.—(a) 100+, 254, 104.
(b) 3(4–12).
(a) What axiom (b) State three algebraic
an
is
3.
f
arioms.
so
Ans.— (a) An axiom proposition
at
evident first
is
a
sight that requires no demonstration, but commends it
it
every one capable
of
to
once, the acceptance
of
self
at
thinking.
(b) Things that are equal the same thing are equal
to
to one another.
be
to
equals added equals, the wholes are equals.

If If
be
or
equal numbers divided by the same equal num
bers, the quotients are equal.
Solve and check teacher's salary was increased
A
4.
by one-third itself; she then received $60 month;

of
what was her salary before the increase? a

.4°
SoLUTION.
Let x=number of dollars salary
in
first.
at
.*
salary.
of
of
=
Then — number dollars one-third

in
3
.*
increased salary.
of
=
And — No. dollars

in
4-H
3
increased salary.
of
But 60= No. dollars

in

47
4-F— =60 (1)
3
Multiply (1)
by
3
34-Har=180 (2)

44:=180
(3)
Divide (3) by 4
ar=45
(4)
Therefore the teacher received $45 a month at first.
Check:
% of $45=$15.
—
$45+$15=$60.
Hence $45 satisfies the condition of the problem.
7–3 (4–5)
5. Solve: (a) =1;
4
(b) a 9–24%—24-H1)--(a-H1).
SoLUTION. -
(a) —=l, 7–3 (4–5)

(1)
Multiply (1) by 4
7–3 (4–5)=4 (2)
Expand left member of (2)
7–34–H15–4 (3)
Transpose and collect terms
—34"––18 (4)
Divide (4) by –3
4-6
(b) 4-3—24:*—24:
__48++”
2—2++1 x
x+1
2–H3++1
-
—342—24-H1
—342–34.
+x+1
Ar–H1
6. Solve for r and y and check :
54-H73)—H1=0.
4x-i-9y—6=0.
SOLUTION.
54-H73-H1–0 (
44-H99—6=0 (
Transposing in (1) and (2)
54-H7y= –1 -
(
4++9y= 6 (
Multiplying (3) by 4 and (4) by
20++28y––4 - (
20++453)= 30 (
17y–34 (7)
STATE OF KANSAS 163
Divide (7) by 17
- 3- 2 . (8)
54-H14= –1 (9)
Transposing and collecting terms in (9)
5.r= –15 (10)
Dividing (10) by 5
.r= —3 (11)
Therefore r= —3 and y=2.
Check: Put —3 for r and 2 for y in (1)
—15+14+1=0
0–0
Substitute similarly in (2)
—12+18—6=0
0–0.
7. Divide a line 15 inches long, into two parts such that
one is three-fourths of the other.
SoLUTION.
Let x=No. of inches in larger part.
34:
Then — =No. of inches in shorter part.
4
34:
Then ar-i- — =No. of inches in whole line.
4.
But 15–No. of inches in whole line.
Therefore we have the equation:
34:
4-H — =15 (1)
4
Multiply (1) by 4
44-# 34-60 (2)
Divide (
(3)
jºy
by 7
(3)
ar=8% (4)
34:
Then — =6% - (5)
4
Therefore the length of the parts are 8% inches and

6% inches respectively.
8. Factor: (a) ałb4–9a2b2–136. (b) a 2+bar—ca—bc.
SoLUTION.
(a) ałb4–9a2b2–136=(a?b2–17) (a^b2+8)
(b) a 2+bar—ca—bc=r (4-H b)—c (4-Hb)

= (a+b)(4–c)
a—a a”—rº
—--
–
9. Simplify:
3y —ry
SoLUTION.
a—r a”—r” a-r —ry
—
y
+
—ry
= —
y
X
ax—rº
-4:
a-Ha.
*
a-Har
—-H — =
1 1
10. Solve for r and check :
4–1 4-H1 rº–1
SoLUTION.
1 1 4
4–1 a-H1 a 2–1 (1)

Multiply (1) by a 2–1
4-H1–H4–1=4 (2)
24-4 (3)
Dividing (3) by 2
4:=2 (4)
Check:
1. 1 4
2–1, 2+4 4–1

1+%=%
%=%
GEOGRAPHY.
Name the principal articles exported from France,
1.
...
Germany, Brazil, China, Russia.

Ans.—(a) Silks, wines, woolen goods.
(b) Silks, woolens, sugar, iron (wrought and un
,
wrought), animals, leather ware, and toys.

(c) Coffee, sugar, rubber, tobacco, cotton.
(d) Tea, raw silk and manufactured silk, straw braid,
bric-a-brae, and novelties.
STATE OF KANSAS 165
(e) Corn, flax, and linseed, wood, hemp, salt, raw wool,
and hides.
2. Compare Texas with California as to size, surface,
productions and climate.
Ans.—(a) Texas, 265,480 square miles; California,
158,360 square miles.
(b) Texas has about 3% of its area lowlands and plains,
the remaining #3 is rough, rising in the northwest into the
“Staked Plains” and in the southwest broken with deep
canyons and rugged mountains. California is made up of a
narrow coast plain, an interior fertile valley between the
Coast Range and the Sierra Nevada Mountains and an
other valley between the Coast Range and the San Ber
nardino Range. The remainder (approximately one-half
of the state) is mountainous.
(c) Texas produces cotton, sugar cane, wheat, corn,
hogs, fruits, cattle, wool, lumber, flour and cottonseed oil.
California produces wool, wheat, fruits, gold, lumber,
flour, leather, wines, fruit preserves and cane sugar.
(d) The lowlands of Texas are moist and warm; the
central is higher, cooler and drier; the plains farther west
are dry and fitted merely for cattle raising and wool grow
1ng.
California has an equable climate in the lowlands and
all varieties to harshness of frigidity in the mountains.
3. What causes made the following-named cities cont
mercial cities: Atlanta, Memphis, Milwaukee, Baltimore,
Providence?
Ans.— (a) Located near the southern end of the Blue
Ridge Mountains, securing easy communication with the
north, and also with the south through both the eastern
and western groups of railroads.
(b) Has a good landing on a high bluff, while for hun
dreds of miles below the river banks are so low that they
are overflowed. This location has also led to the build
ing a great railroad bridge across the river.
(c) It was a trading-post with the Indians in early
days, and has also a good harbor which makes it a ship
ping-port.
(d) Has a fine harbor in the estuary of the Patapsco
River, and through the water-gaps of the Potomac is in
easy communication with the Central Lowlands.
(e) Its position on fine harbor at the head of Narra
gansett Bay.
4. What territory is included in the United States of
South Africa?
Ans.—All of British South Africa, including Cape Col

ony, the old Transvaal and Orange River Colony.
5. Compare Korea and Florida as to natural form, sur
face, situation, and character of people.
Ans.—(a) Both are peninsulas.
(b) Korea is mountainous and broken. Florida is low
with many swamps, and reefs along shore.
(c) Korea lies between 34° and 42° N. Lat. and be
tween 125° and 130° East. Long, and is almost surround
ed by the Yellow Sea, Japan Sea, and the Strait of Korea,
with Japan to the east, China to the west and north and
Russia to the northwest. Florida lies between 25° and
32° N. Lat. and between 80° and 85° West Long. It is
almost surrounded by the Gulf of Mexico and the At
lantic Ocean.
6. Compare the Panama canal (assuming it to be com
pleted) with the Suez canal as to waters connected, dif
ficulties of construction, and importance to commerce.
Ans.—(a) The Panama canal connects the Atlantic and
Pacific oceans and is thus a short waterway connecting
the commercial arenas of the world's civilizations. The
Suez canal connects the Mediterranean Sea and the Red
Sea and through them the Atlantic and Pacific Ocean.
(b) The Suez Canal was comparatively easy of con
struction, while the Panama canal will have to lift ves
sels up to great heights and then bring them down again
to sea level by means of great dams and locks.
(c) Unquestionably the Panama, because it shortens
communication amongst all the continents by water and
throws together the waters of all the oceans.
7. On a railroad journey from Kansas City to the west
ern line of Kansas—select railroad for yoursclf—name five
important cities you would see, three rivers, three manu
factories, three colleges.
Ans.—A. T. & S. F. R. R.:
Kansas City, Missouri River, packing houses; Lawrence,
State University: Topeka, Flouring Mills, Washburn Col
lege, Kansas River; Emporia, State Normal School:
Hutchinson, Arkansas River, salt works.
8. On a railroad journey from New York to Washing
ion, D. C., name four important cities you would see,
three rivers you would cross, and three places noted in
American history you would see.
Ans.—New York, Jersey City, Philadelphia, Baltimore;
Hudson, Delaware, Susquehanna Rivers; the Battery,
STATE OF KANSAS 167
Trenton, lndependence Hall.

9. Name five leading eaſports from the United States.
Five imports.
Ans.—(a) Cotton, wheat, corn, live stock; packing
house products.
(b) Coffee, sugar, rice, tea, india rubber.
10. How could you show several forms of transportation
in the neighborhood of your schoolhouse?
Ans.—Horse, horse and wagon, automobile, bicycle, mo
'tor cycle, railroad, traction engine, small boats on the
creek, suburban trolley line, etc.

With what primary history terts are you acquainted
1.
Which one do you prefer? Give your reasons for your
preference.
Ans.— (a) Elson, Davidson, McMaster, Eggleston, Ven
able, et al.
2. What biographical reading would you recommend to
.
a fifth grade class in history? What is the value of bio
graphical reading for children of this grade?
Ans.— (a) Such sketches is they would receive from
the encyclopedias, and from compilations of biographies,
as are collaborated by Roosevelt and Lodge and
Others.
(b) At this age children are very impressionable, if
their interest be aroused, and they are rapidly forming
their ideals for proper and correct living.
3. Show briefly how you might establish a common re
lationship in the study of history and of geography.
Ans.—Geography is the study of the various relations
which any given place bears to other places, and there
fore explains the circumstances and conditions under
which the men live who inhabit those places and that
place, and thus exemplifies and interprets their achieve
ments, or, in other words, their history as a people.
4. What were the effects in Europe of the discovery of
America?
Ans.—Stimulated adventure, encouraged trade and com
merce, stirred the imagination, awoke avarice, begot a
spirit of independence and personal responsibility in form
ing opinions especially upon matters of religion and state.
and opened the way for bold, hardy and adventurous spi
rits to make their fortunes or found new homes.
5. Contrast the early settlers of Massachusetts and Wir

gºtia.
Ans.—The early settlers of Virginia were mainly
broken down adventurers, gentlemen of many debts and
much leisure, or men who had been unfortunate in the
ventures of life—most of whom came to the New World
te make money quick, and to return to the Old World to
spend it in splendid elegance.
he early settlers of Massachusetts came for con
science's sake to build homes and churches and a state in
which they, and all other men in the state, should wor
ship God according to the early settlers' ideas of God,
church and state. #. settlers of Virginia and Massachu
setts were splendid examples of antitheses in fundamental
theories and practices of building and carrying on homes
and states.
What were some of the causes of the defeat of the
Federal party in 1800?
Ans.—The special slave and house tax; the naturaliza
tion law; the alien and sedition laws; the Kentucky and
fginia resolutions; Adams' mistake in keeping, or try
ing to keep, Washington's cabinet entire; the disagree
ment between Hamilton and Adams; the implacable en
mity between Burr and Hamilton; its tendency to the
its
centralization of power in the general government, and
popular government.
of
distrust of
State the causes and results Bacon's rebellion.
7.
Who was king England

of
that time?
at
Ans.— (a) Bacon's insubordination leading the set

of in
tlers against the Indians Governor Berke

in
defiance
as
hey; the election Burgess; the passage by

of
Bacon
a
the Burgesses Bacon's laws, and the Governor's procla

of
mation of Bacon as traitor.

a
reform, and
of
of
(b) sowed the seed independence,

It
opposition tyrannical laws and

of
admin
to
to
intolerant
-
public affairs.
of
istration
(c) Charles II.
Mention two important results In
of
the French and

8.
dian war.
Ans.— (a) Determined that the civilization the North
of
English and not French.

be
American continent should

(b) brought about unity, and self-consciousness
It
amongst the several colonies, and established what ought

to be the true relations between those colonies and their
nother country.
Mention three additions made United States terri
to
9.
STATE OF KANSAS 169
tory during the last seventy years. Give the date of each.
Ans.— (a) Alaska, 1867.
(b) Hawaii, Guam, the Philippines, and Porto Rico,
1898.
(c) Wake Island and the Samoan Islands, 1899.
10: Mention an important public service or an important
historic fact connected fol
with the life of each of the
lowing men : Horace Greeley; John Ericsson; Stephen
A. Douglas; George B. McClellan; John C. Calhoun.
Ans.—(a) Was the greatest editor in defence of the
nation during the Civil War.
(b) Built the Monitor.
(c) Engaged in the famous political debate with Lin
coln in 1858.
(d) Commander-in-chief of the United States armies
after Scott's retirement, November 1, 1861.
(e) Expounder of States’ Rights and of slavery from
1839 to 1850.

1. Who can vote for members of the House of Repre
sentatives?
Ans.—Any elector, who, by the laws of the state in
which the Representative district is situated, can vote for
a member of the lower, or most numerous, house of the
state legislature.
2. If a member of the House of Representatives should
die, or resign, or be removed, how would the vacancy be
filled P
Ans.—By election of the electors of the district in which
the vacancy occurs.
3. If an official, in case of impeachment, is convicted
by the United States Senate, what is the penalty? Would
the official be liable to be tried in the courts after his con
viction by the Senate?
Ans.—(a) He loses his office, and is prohibited from
ever again holding any office of honor, profit or trust un
der the Constitution and laws of the United States.
(b) Yes.
4. Can Senators and Representatives be arrested for
crime, while they are in attendance at the sessions of
Congress, or in going to or from the sessions? Give the
reason for your answer.
Ans.—(a) Yes. Their privilege extends only to cases
which are not felony, treason, or breach of the peace.

(b) The privilege secures the national legislature from
petty annoyances, and enables it to discharge its duties
without being at the mercy of private or political grudge,
spite, or chicanery, is the reason that the constitutional
convention had for making the provision.
5. Give two prohibitions on members of the Senate or
House.
Ans.—Neither shall be appointed to any civil office un
der the authority of the United States during the time
for which elected, which office shall have been created or
the emoluments thereof increased during such time.
No person holding any office under the United States
shall be a member of either house during his continuance
in office.
6. Under the power granted to Congress “to constitute
tribunals inferior to the supreme court,” what court has
been established in Kansas?
Ans.—A United States District Court. Kansas is also
under the jurisdiction of a United States Circuit Court,
and of a United States Circuit Court of Appeals.
7. Give two ways of amending the constitution.
Ans.—There are two ways of proposing and two ways
of ratifying an amendment, hence there may be four ways
of amending:
(a) Two-thirds of both Houses may propose, and this
proposal be raitfied either by 34 of the legislatures of
the several states, or by conventions in three-fourths of
the states.
(b) Congress shall call a convention for proposing
amendments when application is made by the legislatures
of two-thirds of the states, and amendments thus pro
posed may be ratified in either of the ways suggested in
(a) of this answer.
8. What does the constitution say shall be “the supreme
law of the land?”
Ans.—The constitution, and the laws of the United
States made in pursuance of the constitution, and all
treaties made under the authority of the United States.
9. Give two powers of the President of the United
States and two duties.
Ans.— (a) Commander-in-chief of the army and navy,
and has the power, by and with the advice and consent of
the Senate, to make treaties.
(b) He shall take care that the laws are faithfully ex
STATE OF KANSAS 171
ecuted, and shall commission all officers of the United

States.
10. How would you interest your classes in the constitu
tional convention of 1787 ?
Ans.—By showing the dangers that threatened the new
states and the difficulty of communication amongst them,
and by calling attention to the characters and purposes of
, the great moving spirits of the convention, illustrating it
with anecdotes about Madison, Franklin, Washington,
Wilson, Hamilton and other great men who sat in the
COnvention.
READING.
1. What are the value and use of supplementary read?
ing?
Ans.—Enlarges and enriches the pupils' vocabulary; in
creases his knowledge; extends his mental horizon, and
gives him a stronger and better hold upon literature.
2. How can pupils be prevented from securing the so
called “reading tone?”
Ans.—By constant practice in the common conversa
tional tone; by refusing to receive anything else from
any pupil so affected; by constant drill in opposing tones.
8. How may the book become an obstacle to good ear
ſºrgsé90ſ; -
Ans.—By relying upon its phraseology. A requirement
of a slavish reproduction of the text of the book.
4. Outline your plan of conducting a recitation in Eng
lish classics.
Ans.—1. Require some pupil, or pupils, to give an ac
count of the author's life, purposes, and achievements.
2. Have others in the class to tell the circumstances
which led up to and induced the particular work.
3. Have explanation made of new words, of references,
allusions, figures of speech, etc.
4. Have the thought, plot, story, and teaching of the
work told in the language of the pupils.
5. Read the selection, paying particular attention to
forcefulness, naturalness, clearness, and feeling.
6. In all these several exercises be sure that every pu
pil takes an interested part.
given in developing the following selection from the Fifth
Reader:
TO A SRYLARK. º
Hail to thee, blithe spirit!

Bird thou never wert,
it,
That from heaven, or near
Pourest thy full heart
In profuse strains unpremeditated art.
of
Higher and still higher -
From the earth thou springest
Like cloud of fire;
a
The blue deep thou wingest,
And singing still doth soar, and soaring ever singest.
the golden lightning

In
Of the sunken sun,

O'er which clouds are brightening,
Thou dost float and run,
Like an embodied joy whose race just begun.
is
—Percy Bysshe Shelley.
the applicant. Too long reproduced
be
to
#-For
lere.
l
SPELLING.
medicinal (9) literature (18) office
§
2) revenue (10) meander (19) indulgent

(3) occasion (11) routine (20) equivalent
(4) caricature (12) Rhythm (21) glucose
(5) ability (13) serenade (22) amethyst
(6) intercede (14) luxuriant (23) deficit
(7) leisure (15) alfalfa (24) heinous
(8) bravado (16) strategy (25) stampede
(17) sympathize
Name and define five suffixes. Illustrate.
6.
-
Ans.—Ly: like, manly, like man.
a
Al: pertaining to, educational, pertaining

to
education
Able: capable of, likeable, capable being liked.
ofof of
Ness: quality of, goodness, quality being good.

Hood: state of, womanhood, state being woman.
a
Indicate the pronunciation the following: squalor,

of
7.
phrase, mischievous, indictment, naught.

.
.

Define accent, abbreviation, antonyms, cognate.
8.
Ans.— (a) Peculiar and particular stress placed upon

syllable syllables
or
word.
in
a
a
STATE OF KANSAS 173
(b) A letter or letters taken from a word to stand for

that word.
(c) Words opposed in meaning.
(d) Letters allied in nature, or in manner of produc
tion.
9. Give three rules for spelling. Illustrate.
Ans.—Monosyllables ending in s preceded by a single
vowel, double the s, as stress.
Derivatives formed by adding a termination beginning
with a vowel to monosyllables and words accented on the
last syllable ending in a single consonant (except h and
ar) preceded by a single vowel double that consonant, as
clan, clannish.
A consonant standing at the end.of a word immediately
after a diphthong or double vowel is rarely doubled, as
peat, door. -
10. Give your method of conducting a fourth grade
spelling class.
Ans.—Combine the vocal and written spelling methods.
In the former, the pupils stand and spell according to the
old fashioned way, “head marks,” “turning down” and
all. In the latter, the teacher pronounces the words, each
pupil writes the words, and then they exchange papers
and correct the mistakes.
PENMANSHIP.
1. What is the best hour for writing e.vercises? Why?
Ans.—Before recess in the morning or afternoon. Be
cause at that time the nerves are less likely to be work
ing irregularly; the excitement induced by playing has not
yet subsided immediately after recess.
2. Discuss plans for teaching the movements.
3. Do you teach beginners to use the forearn move
ment? Why
Ans.—Yes. It trains the child into a greater freedom
of movement in writing, and will break up the tendency
to a cramped style of writing.
4. When should a pupil be first permitted to use pen
and ink f
Ans.—There is much difference of opinion as to that.
In some schools, pen and ink are used the first year.
Probably a greater number of teachers would prefer to
have the use of pen and ink begin at the close
rif
the
second year, or beginning of the third.”
º º
*
174 couxTY EXAMINATION" QUESTIONS
5. What use do you make of penmanship in other

branches?
Ans.—There is so much written work in schools now
that many lessons in other branches can be made a lesson
in penmanship.
PHYSIOLOGY.
1. In digestion what are the functions of (a) the pan
creatic juice; (b) the bile?
Ans.—(a) To break up into minute particles the fatty
portions of the foods and to assist in the unfinished work
of the stomach and mouth glands.
(b) To aid in the absorption of fats; to stimulate the
digestive function of the intestines; to overcome the acid
ity of the food as it comes from the stomach; and, prob
ably, to assist in emulsifying the fats.
2. Give an earplanation of the process of breathing.
Ans.—By inhalation the ribs lift upward and outward
enlarging the thorax and permitting the lungs to expand,
thus a partial vacuum is produced in the lung-cells, and
the air rushes in to fill these cells. By osmosis the car
bonic acid gas in the arterial capillaries enters the lung.
cells and by the same process, the oxygen of the inhaled
air passes inward through the walls of the lung-cells, and
is picked up by the venous capillaries, and conveyed to
the heart. The process of exhalation contracts the lungs,
drives from the lung-cells the carbonic acid gas, and other
waste products, and discharges them into the outer air.
3. Define the following terms: (a) Proteid; (b) ten
don; (c) trichina; (d) vaccination.
Ans.—(a) A nitrogenous food (albumen, gluten, fibrin.
casein, etc.), forming the chief solid constituent of blood,
muscles, etc., of animals, and occurring almost in every
part of vegetables. -
(b) A strong, glistening cord of fibrous tissue, con
tinuous with the muscle at its point of attachment with a
bone.
(c) A minute germ or bacillus, which infests and dis
eases pork.
(d) To inoculate with the virus of a disease, as a pre
ventive measure against that disease, is vaccination.
4. What are the special injurious effects of tobacco on
the young f
Ans.—It stunts growth, affects digestion injuriously,
and destroys nerve control.
STATE OF KANSAS 175
5. What is the effect of alcohol upon the heat of the

body?
Ans.—To first increase and then through reaction, to de
crease the heat of the body.
6. Give full directions for the care of the teeth.
Ans.—Remove particles of food or other substances by
means of a thread, or by a wooden toothpick. Brush the
teeth well both on the inner and outer surfaces, after eat
ing, using with the brush, which should be moderately
hard and broad, fine precipitated chalk or magnesia.
When the gums are tender, add a small quantity of tinc
ture of myrrh, to water and use as a mouth wash. Never
eat extremely hot nor extremely cold foods or drinks.
7. Describe the production of antitorin, and state the
effectiveness of its use in treating diphtheria.
Ans.—There are several very effective ways of produc
ing antitoxins; but one method of the preparation of
diphtheria antitoxin gives the best example of immuniza
tion by bacterial products. The method consists in in
jecting a horse subcutaneously with small quantities of
broth in which a toxic producing strain of diphtheria
erms has been growing, gradually increasing the doses.
he horse becomes gradually immune by the production
and accumulation of the antitoxin bodies in his blood.
The serum of the blood swarms with these antitoxic
bodies, and when drawn off and injected into the blood
of an animal suffering with diphtheria will counteract or
destroy the toxins of that disease.
8. Define the following terms: (a) Bacteria; (b) anti
septic; (c) sterilize; (d) disinfect.
Ans.— (a) Non-animal, or vegetable micro-organisms.
(b) A substance destructive to poisonous germs.
(c) To make free from septic or poisonous germs.
(d) An agent that disinfects, chiefly by destroying dis
ease germs, or rendering ferments inactive.
9. Give directions for the proper seating of pupils with
regard to eyesight.
Ans.—Seat them in properly graduated seats and desks
as to height of pupils. So arrange the seats that the light
will come from above, in the rear, and, if possible, over
the left shoulder. Do not face them too closely to the
wall, blackboard, or other flat surface. Secure diffused
light as much as possible, and do not permit the direct
sunlight to fall upon the book, or other eye-work.
10. What are the two chief means of conveying the
"...;
CO.se
of typhoid fever? What is the prevention in each
Ans.— (a) Contaminated foods and drinking water.

(b) Choosing sanitary foods which have been freed
from all poisons by cleansing and washing, and protected
from the contamination of flies, or insects; and- by using
filtered and boiled water only.
BOOKKEEPING.
1. Define resource, liability, inventory, draft. *:
Ans.—a resource is anything of value belonging to the
business, as money, property, or debts owed by others to
the proprietor.
A liability is a debt which the proprietor owes. .
An inventory is a list or report showing the value of
the goods, which are on hand.
A draft is a written order drawn by one person or firm
upon a second person or firm to pay a third a specified
sum of money, on demand or at a given time.
2, 3, 4, 5. Journalize, post, take trial balance, and find
loss or gain from the following items:
Oct. 1.-I, student, began business with cash, $1,000;
merchandise, $1,000. I owe F. A. Smith on account $175.
Oct. 2.-Bought for cash, merchandise, $200.
Oct. 3.-Sold to W. Rose, on account, merchandise, $70.
Oct. 3.-Pay F. A. Smith, in full of account, by cash,
$ 175.
Oct. 4.—Sold to Chas. Thomas, merchandise, $80; re
ceived in payment, cash $30, and his note for balance.
Oct. 5–Sold for cash, merchandise, $100.
Oct. 8.—Sold to F. Arnold, on account, merchandise,
$25. Paid clerk hire, cash, $20. -
Oct. 9-Sell my entire stock of merchandise for cash,
$see. .
-
4 |
5
H STATE OF KANSAs
OCTOBER 1, 1910
Mdse......................... ... •.
F. A. Smith........................ ..
Student . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .|
| 2 | Mdse...... .............................
Cash................................
W. Rose................... ............
Mdse................. ...... . . . . . . . .
200 00
F. A. Smith...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . ||
Cash............ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . f
Cash ............................. ...... ||
Bills Rec . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . - - -- - - - -- - - - - -
Mdse.............. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cash ... ................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
|
#:
|| 100000
| 10000
70 00
17500
30 00
50 00
|
-
177
175 00
182500
-
200 00
70 00
175 00
80 00
Mdse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . 100 00
8 F. Arnold............................... 25 00
Mdse........................ - - - - -- - - - 25 00
8 || Expense.................... .... ........ 20 00
Cash ................................ 20 00
9 Cash.................................... 800 00
Mdse........ . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 800 00
-
STUDENT
-
Oct. 9 |Net Loss 145 00|z|Oct. | 1 182500
Pres. Wºrth 168500
- 182500 _| 182500
CASH
-
T
-
Oct 100000||Oct. 2 200 00
4 30 00 3 175 00
5
9
10000
800 00
8
- - 20 00
Oct. TI2
MERCHAN DISE
100000||Oct. 3
- | 70 00
200 00 4 80 00
-
! 5 100 00
-
8 25 00
| 9 800 00
- 120000 --- 9 Loss 12500

120000
F. A. SMITH
Oct. 3 175 1 175 00
| | "lost. | | | |
*|
W. ROSE
–
Oct. TT3 70 00
| 3 | | | | | |
BILLS FECEIVABLE.
* *||
Oct. 4 50 00
| | | |
F. Arn OLD
Oct. 8
* 25 00,
|
- E
| | | | |
-
-
ExPENSE.
Oct.
—|
8 20
|
"|".
y 10
Lº
20 00
…
| | |
LOSS AND GAIN.
|T|
- 1,500
+
Oct. 9 ||Expense 2000TOct. TvTStudent
|- _– __ =
9 |Mélse. 125 00
|_|_145.30
!~ - Fi-_I_
|—||
14500
TRIAL BALANCE.
| student.... | 182500
Cash ................................ . . . . | 193000 395 00
Mdse.................................... | 120000 || 107500
W. Rose..... ......................... | Tio 00
Bills Receivable................ ...... 50 00
F. Arnold .............................. 25 00
-
Expense.................. .................!
00.
20
05
3295 00|| 3:05
||
w
-
-
-
-
..)
!'
-
*
-
-
*
-
- -- -
4
-
-
STATE OF KANSAs 179
KANSAS HISTORY.
1. Why has of Zebulon M. Pike a place in the
the name
history of Kansas?
Ans.—He raised the first United States flag within the
present boundaries of Republic County, Kansas, Septem
ber 25, 1806.
2. Why was the Santa Fe trail so named?
Ans.—Because it was the southwestern terminus of the
route of travel between the southwest and the outposts of
civilization on the Missouri River.
3. Who received the first vote cast in Kansas for Pres
ident of the United States?
Ans.—Abraham Lincoln.
4. When was the first election for state officers held
under the Wyandotte constitution? When did the offi
cers elected take possession of their offices?
Ans.—(a) December 6, 1859.
(b) The Governor took the oath of office January 28,
1861; and the legislature met March 26, 1861.
5. How was each of the following-named persons related
to the history of Kansas: Philip Sheridan, Charles Rob
inson, John W. Leedy, Samuel J. Crawford, D. W. Wil
der, Franklin G. Adams, John Fraser, F. H. Snow, John
A. Martin.
Ans.—(a) Commanded at Fort Harker in the district
in which Kansas is situated during the Indian uprising of
1868.
(b) First governor of the state, elected December 6,
1859.
(c) Fourteenth governor of the state, elected Novem
ber 3, 1896.
(d) Third governor of the state, first elected, Novem
ber 8, 1864; reelected but resigned November 4, 1868.
(e) Editor and compiler of the “Annals” of the state,
and superintendent of insurance.
(f) Secretary of State Historical Society for 25 years.
(g) Superintendent of public instruction, elected No
vember 3, 1874.
(h) Professor in State University 1866-1890; chancellor
of University 1890-1901; resigned, and professor again
until his death, 1908. His greatest service to the material
interests of the state was his discovery of the infection
which resulted in the protection of crops against the
chinch bugs.
(i) Tenth governor of the state, served two terms, his
first election occurring November 4, 1884.
6. How did the introduction of alfalfa affect the pros

perity of Kansas?
Ans.—It has become one of our most prolific and profit
able crops, and has enabled our farmers to increase their
production of dairy products and live stock, and meats
enormously.
7. Name three important amendments to the constitution
of Kansas.
Ans.—1. Providing for biennial sessions of the legis
lature.
2. Prohibiting the manufacture and sale of intoxicating
iiquors, save for excepted purposes.
3. Changing the supreme court of the state from three
to seven members.
8. Name three noted persons, either in the state or out
of it who wrote books on Kansas.
Ans.—Eli Thayer, Noble Prentis, William E. Conneily,
Richard J. Hinton, D. W. Wilder.
9. How has the state of Kansas provided for the train
-
ing of teachers?
Ans.—By establishing the State Normal School at Em
poria, with its branches at Hays and Pittsburg; by teach
ings in pedagogy at the State University; by providing
normal courses in county and city high schools; by the
holding of the Teachers' Normal Institute in the various
counties of the state during the summer vacation of each
year.
10. How would you interest school children in Kansas
literature?
Ans.—By making it a number of opening exercises; by
having pupils prepare and present to the school topics as
signed them both at general and special exercises upon
the subject of Kansas authors, books about Kansas, etc.;
by encouraging the taking of selections for declamation
purposes from such Kansas writers, as Ware, Allerton,
Ingalls, White, McCarter, Prentis, Howe, Connelley,
Steele, Waters, et al.; by giving talks upon Kansas books
and writers.

1. In what way is teaching power increased by keeping
in touch with current affairs?
Ans.—The course of present events illustrates not alone
present history but is illustrated by those of past moment.
Thus interest is enlisted and held in every subject, which
STATE OF ka NSAs 181
has any concern with history, geography, reading, the

sciences, etc. When the school thus becomes interested,
then good work is secured in all branches of study.
2. State sia lines of work that might well be included in
a course for the preparation of commonschool teachers.
Ans.—Special course in essay-writing, debate and forms
of expression.
Two years' work in United States history, civics, eco
nomics and politics.
Course in domestic science and manual training.
Advanced work in sanitation and care of the body.
Two years' work in pedagogy and methods for use in
rural schools.
Course in scientific agriculture.
3. (a) What is the object of asking questions of the pu
pilf (b) What is meant by leading questions?
Ans.—(a) To fix his knowledge, give him practice in
expression, ascertain his weak points and strengthen him
in those particulars.
(b) Those which suggest the answer or supply the in
formation by which it may be answered.
4. Define the topic method.
Ans.—Preparation and recitation by subjects, titles or
divisions without the aid of questions generally. How
ever, the reciter is interrupted by questions or suggestions
which will make his statements fuller, or clearer, or con
fine them to limits assigned by his topic.
5. What methods may be employed to induce the chil
dren of the neighborhood to attend school, and particu
larly to remain until the completion of the work of the
grades?
Ans.—By making the school a bee-hive in which all in
terest and energy is devoted to practical and important
subjects in all the work of the school. Aids to this may
be special exercise days, spelling school, debating clubs,
literary societies, patrons' days, etc.
6. In what way can play be made to contribute to the
morals of the school?
Ans.—By securing good circulation of the blood, proper
movements of the body, toning up the nerves, elevating
and quickening the mental faculties, supplying good spi
rits and a feeling of emulation and good will. Under
such conditions vice and the lower passions will be subor
dinated to virtue and the principles and feelings which
make manhood and womanhood.
7. Discuss the necessity of a careful assignment of the
182 county, EXAMINATION QUESTIONS
lesson, and state the time at which assignment should be

made, giving reasons therefor.
Ans.—Assignment should be made at the time of the
recitation of the preceding lesson. Without a proper as
signment, which includes suggestions about places in
which to find information additional and explanatory to
that of the text book and a discussion of the purpose and
meaning of the lesson to be prepared, there can be no
good recitation such as should be required from every
pupil. In this way only can the learner have time and
opportunity to profit by his school work.
8. Illustrate the waste of time on the unimportant in
school work. -
Ans.—The best illustration of such waste is conveyed by
James Whitcomb Riley's lecture, placed in the mouth of
a schoolmaster employing object lessons to the extreme,
on the “Peanut.”
9. Show that poise, firmness and kindliness on the part
of the teacher are essentials.
Ans.—The human being who is out of tune physically,
mentally or morally; who is devoid of enough resolution
to call for and enforce, obedience and respect; and at the
same time can not conduct herself in a way to show to the
pupil that she is a friend and that her highest satisfaction
and deepest sympathy is concerned with his welfare and
progress, is a school keeper and not a teacher.
10. What studies are by law required to be taught in
our public schools? Which of these in your judgment is
the most important, and why?
Ans.— (a) Orthography, reading, writing, English
grammar, geography, arithmetic, and such other branches
as may be determined by the district board, and instruc
tion shall be given all pupils “in the elements of physiol
ogy and hygiene, with special reference to the effects of
upon the human sys
alcoholic stimulants and narcotics
tem.”
(b) They are all of equal importance and necessity.
There should be added to them the subject of United
States history, which is of the same importance as geo
graphy.
GENERAL HISTORY.
1. Compare briefly Robert Walpole and William Ewart
Gladstone as to personal character, success in administra
tion and place in history.
STATE OF KANSAS 183
Ans.—(a) Both were men of excellent character. Wal

pole practiced parliamentary corruption, and reserved all
Crown patronage for the Whig party; but of systematic
corruption on behalf of himself and his supporters there
is no proof. Burke says he was “an honorable man.”
Gladstone was the soul of honor in every transaction
involving personal rectitude. Walpole had no sympathy
with religion or with literature. To both Gladstone was
a protector and friend with a simple devotion and mas
terly scholarship without parallel in the history of the
race.
(b) Both left an impress on government by their ad
ministration of affairs, especially financial and domestic,
that will endure as long as Great Britain is a state. Both
were the apostles of peace, and both were failures in con
ducting wars.
Nothing but the preservation of the Balance of Power
would justify foreign war in the policy of Walpole, not
even dishonor. Nothing would warrant interference in
foreign affairs, except tyranny, oppression or disregard
of the rights of man- is the Gladstonian conception
-
of gov
ernment.
(c) Walpole, Gladstone and Pitt form the trio of Great
Britain's greatest premiers.
2. What were the Alabama claims, and how were they
settled?
Ans.—(a) Claims that grew out of the depredations of
the Alabama and other war-ships, built in British ship
yards, furnished with supplies and guns by British money,
and manned by British ciitzens, upon the navy and com
merce of the United States during the Civil War from
1861 to 1865.
(b) By arbitration, in what is known as the Geneva
Award, from the place in which the council of arbitration
was held.
3. Grive briefly the relation between the House of Lords
and the House of Commons.
Ans.—The House of Lords is in theory a check upon
the Commons, having equal power and authority. As a
fact, in practice the House of Commons exercises the
power and authority of the British people. In every pro
longed contest between the two, the Commons is the gov
ernment of Great Britain. Such a contest, seeming to in
volve the very existence of the House of Lords is now in
progress, and an appeal has been taken to the people.
4. Compare briefly the United Ståtes Senate and the
House of Lords as to powers, method of choosing and

term of office of members.
Ans.—The Senate was modelled after the Lords in that
it was to be the upper House, with fewer members, longer
term, and closeness to the executive department. he
Senate is chosen by the legislatures of the several states,
and has for its term six years. The Lords is either here
ditary or appointed by the Monarch for life - only, or for
life with heredity. -
5. What is meant in British history by the following:
Home Rule, Reform Bill, Corn Laws, Chartists?
Ans.—(a) Legislature, courts, and administration of af
by
all
fairs chosen and controlled in domestic matters
- the
Irish people.
by
(b) Parliamentary which suffrage
of
reform 1832,
was extended, rotten boroughs abolished, and more equit
able representation was secured.
(c) Tariff was retained upon grain alone Great
in
by
Britain. The laws imposing this tariff, were repealed
Sir Robert Peel's ministry
of
This repeal the
in
1846.
“Corn Laws” made Great Britain free trade nation.
a a
movement for political
of
(d). After the reform 1832,
and civic rights sprang up amongst the British working
of its
the agitation
in
1838,
of
climax
in
men. reached
It
Parliament and six workingmen

of
which six members

drew up “charter demands,” whence their name.
a
What meant by the term “Ministry” the British
in
6.
is
government?
Ans.—The prime minister and the secretaries the dif
of
as
ferent departments administrative government, such
of
the Exchequer, constitute the ministry,

of
the Chancellor
and since they are selected from the dominant political
party, the ministry the politics and pol
of
the director
is
icies of its party. -

Between what two nations was the Portsmouth treaty
7.
by
Tell briefly what was conceded

of
peace made the

2
defeated nation. Where Portsmouth

is
Ans.— (a) Japan and Russia.

Korea, Northeastern Asia, access
of
(b) The control

the Arctic Ocean, the important island
to
of
and one-half
of Sakhalin.
New Hampshire, United -States
of
of
(c)
In
the state
America.
What the Red Cross Association Tell briefly
8.
is
what has done for the world.

it
-
Ans.—A philanthropic association, endorsed and ap
STATE OF KANSAS 185
proved by every civilized nation, which has done much to

establish hospitals, furnish medical attendance and sup
plies to the sick, wounded and disabled of the world's
armies; mitigate the horrors and sufferings of warfare;
secure arbitration of differences before peace tribunals,
and The Hague conferences.
9. Associate important events with the following names:
Bismarck, Florence Nightingale, Lafayette, Earl of
Chatham, Maximilian.
Ans.—(a) Establishment of present German Empire.
(b) Organization of nurse and hospital service in the
Crimean War.
(c) Two revolutions, the American and the French.
(d) French and Indian War and the American Revo
l ution.
(e) An emperor forced upon Mexico by Napoleon III
France, his execution, and the insanity of his wife, Car
i.Otta.
10. How would you teach the history of the world as
it is published in the newspapers day by day?
Ans.—By having current topics as a part of each open
ing exercise of the day, or by giving it a recitation hour
in which the entire school takes part, and by devoting a
portion of each day's recitation in history to the news top
ics of that day.
PHYSICS.
1. Define and illustrate (a) indestructibility; (b) elas
ticity.
Ans.— (a) The property by virtue of which a body may
suffer change of form, but can never be destroyed, as
wood, by fire, may be converted into watery vapor, smoke,
oils, gases, ash, etc., the elements that composed the wood
brought together weigh just as much as did the wood. It
is indestructible because it is matter.
(b) The property by virtue of which a body subjected
to an external force returns to its original form upon the
suspension of that force's action. Bend a steel spring and
by elasticity, it will resume its original shape upon the re
lease of the bending force.
2. By a diagram illustrate the composition of forces.
3. Erplain in detail how to find the specific gravity of a
piece of metal.
Ans.—Weigh the metal in air, then weigh it submerged
in water. The loss of weight will be the weight of an

equal volume of water. Divide the weight in air by the
loss of weight, and the quotient will be the specific gravity
of the metal, taking water as the standard.
4. What is the use of a barometer?
Ans.—To ascertain the pressure of air, or in other
words the weight of the column of air above the barom
eter's reservoir at any given time and place.
5. By means of a drawing erplain the operation of the
air pump.
6. What is latent heat ž Illustrate.
Ans.—The amount of heat necessary to change the
state of matter without increasing its sensible temperature.
Apply heat to ice at 32° F. and at the moment of the ice
turning into water it will be found that the water is at
32° F., although manv units of heat have been applied to
the ice.
7. Compare the velocities of sound in gases and liquids.
Ans.—Sound travels very much faster in the liquids be
cause of their high elasticity as compared with their den
sity.
8. Define and illustrate (a) transparent; (b) translu
cent; (c) opaque.
Ans.— (a) A substance which transmits the rays of
light freely is transparent, as clear glass.
(b) A substance which transmits light imperfectly is
translucent, as thin horn, greased paper, ground glass.
(c) A substance which will not permit the passage of
light at all is opaque, as a thick curtain, a wall of brick.
9. In the compound microscope what is the function of
(a) the object glass; (b) the eyepiece 2
Ans.—(a) To form an enlarged real image of the ob
ject.
(b) To receive the real image and give a virtual image
of it to the eye.
10. Explain the compass.
Ans.—A magnetic needle so suspended at its center that
it is free will record both horizontal and vertical varia
tions as it is carried about on the surface of the earth.
Where the needle is vertical is located the magnetic pole,
and points having no inclination are on the magnetic equa
tor. The angle which the needle makes with the astron
omical meridian is known as declination, and thus deter
mines the magnetic meridian. This declination is unvary
ing for different places upon the earth, and thus the
STATE OF KANSAs 187
needle, carefully mounted, is used to determine the direc

tions, or points of the compass.
11. Describe an ea periment to illustrate the electrolysis
of water.
Ans.—Cut the bottom from a wide-mouthed bottle. In
sert a good cork in the mouth, and through it thrust two
platinum wires, terminating within the bottle in strips of
platinum foil set parallel to each other, and about 94 of
an inch apart. Fill the bottle % full of water with a
small quantity of sulphuric acid, and support them both in
the ring of a stand. Over the electrodes invert test tubes
filled with acidulated water. Connect the exterior ends
of the platinum wires in the circuit of two or more cells
of great intensity connected in series. Bubbles of hydro
gen gas will rise from the negative electrode, and of oxy
gen from the positive. Continue the action until the hy
drogen tube is filled, when it will be observed that the
oxygen tube is but half-filled. The electrical current has
separated the water into its elements, two parts of hydro
gen to one part of oxygen.
12. Erplain the action of the telegraph receiver.
Ans.—It consists of an electro-magnet with its arma
ture pivoted, and held by a spring a short distance from
and within the field of the magnet poles. The electro
magnet is then placed in an electrical circuit, which is
broken and closed by a device called a key. The closing
of the circuit causes the armature to be attracted to the
magnet poles, producing a clicking sound. On breaking
the circuit the spring pulls the armature away from the
magnet poles.
LITERATURE.
1. How doespoetry differ from prose with regard to
subject-matter, appeal and form 2
Ans.—It involves the imagination, is ideal, appeals to the
feelings and senses, and is metrical in form.
2. What is the difference between comedy and tragedy?
Which is the “Merchant of Venice?” Which is “Ham
let?” Erplain your answer in each case.
Ans.—(a) Tragedy is concerned with the darker and
more violent passions, and is accompanied with bloodshed
and death.
Comedy deals with the lighter moods and feelings, and
abounds in wit, humor, the foibles and weaknesses of
mankind.
(b) A comedy, although the cruelty and injustice prac
ticed upon Shylock coupled with his relentless and mur

derous intent of retaliation and vengeance has compelled
us to call it a serio-comedy, or tragic-comedy.
(c) A tragedy. It is somber with thought of suicide,
death, and violence, and so many murders and suicides
occur that the stage is cumbered with the dead and dying.
3. What is the purpose of the essay? Name two Amer
ican essayists.
Ans.—(a) To present a somewhat condensed yet com
plete view of some subject or phase of some subject. It
may or may not be written to enforce an opinion, or even
to reach one, hence it may be critical, argumentative, de
scriptive, discursive, etc.
(b) James Russell Lowell and Ralph Waldo Emerson.
4. Tell something of the life and work of Matthew Ar
nold. Name several of his best productions.
Ans.— (a) The eldest son of Dr. Arnold of Rugby. Born
Dec. 24, 1822. Educated at Rugby and Oxford. From
1857 to 1867 he was professor of poetry at Oxford. He
was an inspector of schools, and much of his earlier writ
ings was professional and dealt with educational ques
tions. He wrote many critical essays upon literature, re
ligion, society and politics. He aspired to be known as a
poet taking rank with Tennyson and Browning; but he
fell short of his aspiration. He met with great success as
a lecturer, visiting the United States twice in that capac
ity. He died unexpectedly at Liverpool, in 1886, at the
age of 65 years.
(b) Poetry: Sohrab and Rustum, Tristram and Iseult,
Rugby Chapel, Empedocleson Aetna, Westminster Abbey,
Pis-Aller, Worldly Place, Shakespeare, Requiescat.
Prose: Culture, Emerson, Literature and Science,
Numbers. -
5. Answer briefly the questions who f where? when *
what? for the episode “Sohrab and Rustum.”
Ans.— (a) A father and son each distinguished for
valor and military skill, unknown each to the other, each
a member of an opposing host drawn up in battle array.
(b) Persia.
(c) In the days of Middle Age, Persia, when single
combat in battle was still in vogue.
(d) The law of heredity, the magnanimity of valor, ret
ribution to the father for the sin of his youth in becom
ing the cause of his son's death.
6. Tell something of the life and work of Charles Dick
ens. What are some of the abuses against which Dickens
STATE OF KANSAS 1S9
arouses public sentiment? Name three of his novels.

Ans.—(a) Born in England in 1812. Early life, a hard
one. Pasted labels on blacking bottles and attended his
father who was a prisoner for debt. Schooling very lim
ited. Apprenticed to a London attorney. Disliked his
work in the lawyer's office. Took up reporting. Began
to write sketches out of his own experiences, and began
his career as a novelist by bringing out the Pickwick Pa
pers in monthly parts. From that beginning he imme
diately became one of England's greatest novelists. He
edited a number of periodicals at various times, and gave
readings from his writings. He died in the summer of
1870, aged 58 years. Most of his books deal with life as
he found it in the middle and lower classes of English
life ( and were generally aimed at some abuse or wrong.
(b) The boys’ schools, the poor house laws, orphans'
asylums, workhouse system, delays in justice in the courts,
imprisonment for debt.
(c) Tale of Two Cities, David Copperfield,
- Pickwick
Papers.
7. What do you thing of Scrooge?
Ans.—A good type of a miserly, self-centered,
soured, misanthrophic man, who has by usage and custom
steeled his heart against the humane feelings and affec
tions; but whose better nature will eventually assert itself
under the influence of the craving for sympathy and so
ciety.
8. Tell something of the life and work of E. E. Hale.
What did he write other than “The Man Without a Coun
try?”
Ans.— (a) Born in 1822, he was surrounded by anti
slavery sentiment and by the New England intolerance for
everything opposed to liberty of thought and conscience.
He was educated with intense love for his country and a
deep and wide knowledge of books and men. His relig
ion was that of the deist, a Unitarian of the most ad
vanced type.
(b) “Phillip Nolan's Son;” “In His Name;” History
of the United States; “A New England Boyhood.”
(9) Tell briefly the story of “The Man Without a
Country.” -
Ans.—Philip Nolan in the army of the United States,
curses his country with the hope that he may never hear
of her again. The court martial condemns him to such
surveillance and imprisonment that on vessels of the
United States he visits all the ports and seas of the world,
but all newspapers and books are carefully censored and

all conversations so ordered that he may not see nor hear
anything about his country. This continues until he be
comes old in years as well as in experience. The result is
that he became the most loving and patriotic, yet the most
hopeless and deeply suffering man.
10. What is the allegory and what is the main lesson
of the story, “The Great Stone Face?”
Ans.—A cliff-like formation assumes to the people of
the valley the outlines of a great face, and each sees in
it the outline of his greatest and best man, thus the Great
Stone Face becomes the tracing of the ideal man, from
which each observer draws. his standard of excellence.
Gathergold is the man of money who has set up the
wrong standard and, because he has successfully modeled
his life upon that standard, the multitude find him to be
the incarnation of the Great Stone Face, he has come out
of the valley of hope and desire and has achieved pop
ularity, but not real manhood. Blood-and-Thunder in an
other way has sought to achieve with the sword what the
other sought to do with the purse, he too attains to
mouth-honor of the populace; yet he fails miserably. So
with the statesman, and poet—each fails, but each suc
cessive one comes a little nearer the realized ideal—the
poet so near that he knows that he does not have the fea
tures of the Stone Face—so near that he sees that the
humble, patient, natural, self-sacrificing altruism of Er
nest daily put into practice is all of the Beautiful, the True
and the Good that go to make up the ideal of human
character.
And while Ernest has been seeking for the Ideal in
other lives, his very simplicity, truth and self-forgetful
ness enable him all unconsciously in his humble station in
life to become The Great Stone Face not alone to the val
ley-dwellers, but to all men within and without the valley.

1. Punctuate the following: “Surely thought Rip I have
not slept here all night Oh that wretched flagon what
earcuse shall I make to Dame Van Winkle”
thought Rip, “I have not slept here
all
Ans.—“Surely,”
night! Oh, that wretched flagon! What excuse shall
I
Dame Van Winkle?”

to
make -
the State Superintendent
of
Write letter Public

to
2.
Kansas, setting forth the value

of
of
Instruction the State

you. graded on form,
be
Teachers’ Association (To

to
STATE OF ExANSAs 191
content, and arrangement.)

3. Show how the work in language may be correlated
with other studies in the course of study.
.
Ans.—Language is a medium of conveying thought in
every branch of study, hence it must be correctly used in
order to be rightly understood. The necessary insistence
upon the right usage and form in every recitation, makes
the language work an adjunct to all branches, and at the
same time devotes a portion of every preparation and rec
to the study and choice of every word, phrase and
Clause.
4. Illustrate in sentences the following relations of ad
jectives: Attributive, predicative, factitive.
Ans.—(a) Good men are scarce.
(b) The man is good.
(c) I wish you to be good.
5. Write sentences illustrating the following uses of the
relative pronoun: (a) the subject of a verb; (b) as the
object of a finite verb; (c) as the object of a preposition;
(d) in the possessive case.
Ans.—(a) The man who runs is wrong.
(b) The man whom you struck is wrong.
(c) The man to whom you ran is wrong.
(d) The man whose running was noticed is wrong.
6. Analyze or diagram the following sentence: “Send
for the soothsayers, that they may interpret the thing
unto us.”
Ans.—Complex imperative sentence of which “Send
. . soothsayers” is the principal clause and “that
. . . us” is the subordinate clause.
You understood is the subject of the principal clause,
and send is the basis of the predicate. Send is modified
by for the soothsayers, an indirect object, of which for
is the relation word and soothsayers is the base, modified
by the an adjective element.
That is the connective for the two clauses. They is
the subject of the subordinate clause, and “may . . .
us” is the predicate. May interpret is the base of the
predicate, modified by “the . . . us” a double object
of which thing is the direct and unto us the indirect, of
which indirect object us is the base and unto is the rela
tion word. Thing the direct object is modified by the,
an adjective element.
7. State the tests that may be applied in determining
whether a verb is passive.
Ans.—Can the sentence be so arranged that the verb's

subject in the active voice will become the object of the
preposition by, and its object become its subject?
Is the form used made up of the perfect participle of
the principal verb and a proper tense form of the aux
iliary verb to be?
8. Parse the verbs in the following sentence: “No man
Colºſ,
go these miracles that thou doest except God be with
him.
Ans.— (a) Can do is a regular, transitive verb, active
voice, potential mode, present tense, 3d person, singular
number, agrees with its subject man.
(b) Doest is a regular, transitive verb, active voice, in
dicative mode, present tense, solemn form, second person,
singular number, agrees with its subject thou.
(c) Be is an irregular, intransitive verb, indicative
mode, present tense, third person, singular number, agrees
with its subject God.
9. Parse the adverbs in the following sentence: “He
regrets sometimes that he had not been born a few cent
turies earlier.”
Ans.—(a) Sometimes is an adverb of time modifying
regrets.
(b) Not is a model adverb of negation modifying had
been born.
10. Justify or correct the use of “shall” and “will” in
the following: “Whither thou goest I will go, and where
thou lodgest I will lodge; thy people shall be my people,
and thy God my God.”
Ans.—Shall used with the first person singular and plu
ral indicates futurity, but will so used indicates intention,
purpose, etc.
Shall used with the second and third persons singular
and plural indicates intention, purpose, etc., but will so
used indicates futurity, etc.
Thus will should be used with I and shall with people,
in the selection given.
--- *|** ſi| ||
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|
•
•
•
•
•
--★
*…*
############################### -----
·
··
·
···
··
----|-|--
→
←
→
-|-|-|-· --
···.
:: ·|-|-|-
-
-|-| .|-----| …-…-- -. -·

|-- -
--| - -|-|-|-|-|-- - -|-- |--
• ···
• -·
• --··
• --··
-·
--····
··
- ··
--- ··
·
···
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···
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-••
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-- -•

County Examination Questions, State of Kansas - Vol 17 To 18

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County examination questions, State of Kansas : January, 1901 to

October, 1901 ; with answers.

Public Domain, Google-digitized

We have determined this work to be in the public domain,

January, 1909, to October, 1909.

ExAMINATION January 30, 1- 24

June 25 and 26, 1909. 25– 55

20 and 21, 1909. 122-155

25, 56, 87, 122, 156

GRAMMAR. 31, 62, 93, 128, 162

GEOGRAPHY. 33, 64. 95, 130, 164

UNITED STATES History. 85, 66, 98, 132, 167

GENERAI, HIStory. 10, 37, 67, 101, 185, 168

KANs As History. 12, 39, 70, 104, 137, 171

READING 13, 41, 72, 106, 140, 172

ORTHog RAPHY 14, 43, 73, 108, 141, 173

PENMANSHIP. 15, 45, 74, 109, 143, 174

THEORY AND PRACTICE. 16, 45, 75, 109, 143, 174

PHYSIoI.OGY.. 17, 46, 76, 112, 146, 177

UNITED STATEs Constitution...19, 47. 79, 113, 148, 179

PHYSICs. 21, 51, 82, 117, 151, 183

BookEEPING 23, 53, 84, 119, 153, 185

...Ans.—Any object may equal parts,

that another What the difference

28° 48' 56" east.

hr. 52 min. 48%.5 sec. difference time.

5.—A farmer reaps a 12-foot swath entirely around a

9.—The area of a triangle having a base seven inches

But 3.1416Xdiameter=the circumference.

di.2X% (3.1416)=area circle

2.—Multiply 54.8 y—3ar 5.xy”—2a4.

3.—Define factor, multiple, prime quantity, composite

factor number one two more

numbers which . when multiplied together, produce the

(a) a”—b” (a+b)(a—b) - a-b

(b) (1—r”)2 (1+z) (1–2) (1+z) (1–2) (1—r)*

8.—A can do piece work days, days, and

days. how many days can they all together

Let ar=the number days

which all do together,

%=what can do one day.

14=what can do one day.

all can do one day,

The first five questions refer

“The" and “of the United States against

what each modifies.

line (c) “spirit” line

(a) Grammatical subject

jective element modifying “citizen”.

(c) The base

the second member

Parse (a) “ruling”, line (b) “which”, line

Ans.— (a) Present active participle “to rule”, used

noun, and the object

(b) Simple relative pronoun, person, plural number,

“hardness” and “rapacity”.

agree with antecedent

write (a) reproductions; (b) original stories?

according set form.

Ans.—Advantages: Secures accuracy, is economical

coast-line? (c) How do

Ans.— (a) Australia, South America, Africa, in the or—

Ans.— (a) The Yellowstone Park,