SUMMARY

Amalia, Mimma. 2019. Isolation, Identification and Inhibition of Saponin Isolates

from Pineapple (Ananas comosus L.) and Candlenut (Aleurites
moluccanus L.) against Xanthine Oxidase by In Vitro Assay. Thesis,
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Mathematic and Science, State
University of Malang. Supervisors: (I) Prof. Dr. Subandi, M.Si., (II) Dr.
Evi Susanti, M.Si.

Keyword: gout, pineapple, candlenut, xantin oxidase inhibitor, saponin,

Diosgenin.
According to the WHO survey on 2015, Indonesia is the fourth largest
country in the world with people who suffer from gout. Gout is caused by high
levels of uric acid in the blood, making it easy to seal in the joints and cause
symptoms of the disease. One of the gout drugs is Allopurinol that works to
inhibit the activity of xanthine oxidase, which is the enzyme that synthesizes uric
acid. However, long-term consumption of Allopurinol can cause undesirable side
effects such as inflammatory diseases, kidney failure, and chronic heart failure.
Meanwhile, pineapple juice and candlenut have been used by the community as
traditional medicine to treat gout. Previous studies had shown that saponin in
pineapple and candlenut have the potential to inhibit xanthine oxidase by in silico.
However, saponin isolation had not been successfully isolated and tested by in
vitro. Therefore, this study was aimed to obtain saponin isolates from pineapple
and candlenut to be tested by in vitro as inhibitors of xanthine oxidase enzymes.
This research was a laboratory descriptive study with six stages: (1) sample
preparation, (2) extraction of saponins from pineapple and candlenut with
maceration method using 70% ethanol, (3) isolation of saponin compounds by
thin layer chromatography, (4) test phytochemical of saponin compounds, (5)
saponins isolation activity test by in vitro (6) determination of saponins isolation
types by UV-Vis, FT-IR and LC-MS/MS spectroscopy.
The results showed that, from the preparative TLC of ethanol extract of
pineapple, saponins isolation was obtained Rf value of 0.95 each (1 pineapple
isolated); 0.65 (2 pineapples isolated) and 0.38 (3 pineapples isolated), while from
candlenut extract two saponins isolated were obtained with an Rf value of 0.95
(1 candlenut isolated) and 0.79 (2 candlenuts isolated). The inhibitory power of
each isolation against xanthine oxidase relative to Allopurinol 100 ppm was
103.41% (1 pineapple isolated), 269.73% (2 pineapples isolated), 84.16% (3
pineapples isolated), 222.90% ( 1 candlenut isolated), and 157.05% (2 candlenuts
isolated). Based on spectroscopic analysis of isolation with the highest inhibitory
power of pineapple and candlenut, each contained triterpenoid type saponins,
which was Diosgenin (C27H42O3).

vi