5 Adhesives Andreas Wenzlaff HENKEL

COMEXI - Advanced lamination session
ADHESIVES
Andreas Wenzlaff: Technical Manager Keyaccounts EMEA

Enrique Tejedor : Regional Technical Sales Manager
Girona, November 9, 2016

What we will cover today !
1. Laminating with different adhesives technologies
2. “Safety”
3. New systems
4. Coatings, primers and technical laminates
5. Troubleshooting
6. Wetting vs. Machine settings
7. Handling of PUR adhesive systems
8. Cases
Págie 2 October 31, 2016 Advanced lamination– A. Wenzlaff

Dry lamination – different adhesive technologies
• Solvent based
• 1 and mainly 2 component PUR systems diluted in ethylacetate
• Water based
• 1 and 2 component systems based on acrylic dispersion and
aliphatic isocyanate hardener
• Solvent free
• 1 and 2 component PUR systems

Energy requirements
SB
[kW]
SF
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Solvent based needs 16 times more energy!

(Energy shut down)

Cost / 1,000m2 @ recommended CW
Standard laminate
SB (€1.54/kg, 30% SC, 3.0g/m2) 11,27
SF (€4.15/kg, 100% SC, 2.1g/m2) 8,62
0,00 2,00 4,00 6,00 8,00 10,00 12,00

€ / 1,000m2
(Adhesive- / solvent prices excluding VAT)
Cost / 1,000m2 optimized
Standard laminate
SB (€1.54/kg, 45% SC, 3.0g/m2) 8,48
SF (€4.15/kg, 100% SC, 1.5g/m2) 6,15
0,00 2,00 4,00 6,00 8,00 10,00

€ / 1,000m2
(Adhesive- / solvent prices excluding VAT)

Water based adhesive technologies
• Solvent free
• Safe and easy handling
• Possible to use on a wide range of laminates (including
film / film, film / met. film and film / foil)
• Excellent clarity on clear film laminates
• No PAA‘s
• High initial tack
• Fast processing
• Long pot life
• Low odor
• Easy cleaning with water and soap

Water based wet and dry lamination systems
High Dry Lamination
Loctite Liofol LW 8059

Loctite Liofol LA 29-208 / LA 5804 New
New Loctite Liofol LW 8072 L Medium-High
Loctite Liofol LW 29-301 Medium Liofol LA 4503 / LA 5804 New
Loctite Liofol LW 9112

Standard performance Loctite Liofol LA 4505 New

Sustainability – carbon foot print
Greenhouse gas emissions of Liofol adhesives1)

Production of
Base Component
Energy needed
For Laminating
Process
Lamination <5% of
Base component (polyurethane-based) CO2 footprint of
Hardener Entire Packaging
Solvent losses
Adhesives production
Energy consumption during the
application phase
Transport and packaging Smallest carbon footprint:
1) For 100 m² of laminated film/foil Solvent-free Adhesives

Adhesives for flexible packaging
Solvent free
Application:
• medium performance laminates
• Properties:
• high bond-strength
• high chemical and heat resistance
• High slip agent suitability
Application: • Very fast free of migration
• Medium-high performance
laminates Examples:
• PET/Foil/PE:
• Properties:
for vacuum coffee pouches, hot
• high bond-strength
sealing > 200 °C, vacuum tight
• high chemical resistance on foil
sealing areas, high slip structures
• very good thermal resistance
Examples: • PET/PE or PE/PE:
for detergent laminates, high
• PETmet/PE: for sauce sachets,
aggressive fillings mechanical stability, good chemical
resistance

Solvent free dry lamination systems
• 1 component for paper / film or foil laminates
• 2 component PUR systems (isocyanate / hydroxyl) w/o solvent for

film / film and film / foil lamination
• Coating by state of the art 4 roller system

Two step curing process
Reaction adhesive / hardener
H O
HO OH + OCN NCO N C O
Polyol Isocyanate Urethane link

diols/triols monomer/prepolymer
Reaction of excess of isocyanate with water

O
OCN NCO + H2O OCN NH C OH OCN NH2 + CO2
free isocyanate moisture unstable carbamic acid amine
O
OCN NCO + OCN NH2 OCN NH C NH
free isocyanate amine urea

Curing process 2 comp. PUR adhesives
 Bond strength
Primary aromatiic amines
Lamination chemical and thermal resistance
24 Hours 48 Hours 14 Days

Migration of Primary Aromatic Amines (PAA)
Most important example for lam. adh. migration
“Danish Food Scandal”
Source: Danish Nyheds Magasin, Internet

Migration in flexible packaging
reverse
clear PET print layer PE food or
film heatseal film filling good
aluminium
potential for migration
can be an adhesive only a functional barrier

absolute
barrier
15 October 31, 2016 Advanced lamination– A. Wenzlaff
„Danish Food Scandal“ - Measurements
Source: Danish Nyheds Magasin, Internet

Challenge of Measure Conformity:
Migration of Primary Aromatic Amines (PAA)
Photometric test, “BfR-test”- principle
141,4 mm
141,4 mm
Sample from Reel Make Pouch (200cm²) Store in oven
+ 100ml Acetic Acid 2h@70°C
Chemistry!
Derivatisation of Filling
Págie 17 October 31, 2016 Advanced lamination– A. Wenzlaff UV-Detection

The Level of aromatic Amines decreases with Time
Detection limit of this method:

0,2µg/100ml or 2 ppb
60
60 For compliance testing with this method:
(µg/100 ml) x 10 = ppb
50 only 2ppb is ensuring to be below the

Aromatic Amines
40 10ppb SML limit
30 given in 10/2011!
20 12
7,6
10
1,2 0,16
0
1 2 3 7 10
Days after lamination

EXAMPLE for illustration
Most important Factor: PUR-Curing Mechanism
Conventional Smart-Cure
Content of
NCO-Monomer
• High •Low
Curing
•Conventional • Smart: Short physical
Mechanism and chemical curing
PAA • long migration times • fast free of migrates
The selection of the right adhesive is crucial!

Effect in Practice* OPA(15µ)/PEtr. (70µ)
Comparison of Times until PAA <2ppb (photometric)
100
90
80 Conventional System
70
PAA [µg/100ml]
Smart system LA 7738 / LA 6087

60
50
40
30
<0,2 (2 ppb):
20 - safe -
10
0
1d 2d 4d 7d 14d
* „BfR-Method“/photometric (values can differ due to different laminating and curing conditions)

Two Parts per Billion - Illustration
• Mankind: 6.625 Bill. people (2007)

• 2ppb are:
• 13 People !
• Or: a soccer team with two substitutes.

Limitations of photometric-test
• SUMMARIZING method, all PAA are measured at once.
• Known to give false positive results!!!

• No distinction between PAA and others substances possible.
• Problematic in presence of additives (films/ink)
• Results for retort applications & higher temperatures are doubtfull
and have to be cross-checked
• It‘s like you have identified, yes, it‘s football, but you cannot see,
whether all players are in and f.i. it is:
 A specific method is required for cross-check!

Summary: Compliance testing for PAA
Regulation (EU) No. 10/2011

LOD = 0,01 mg/kg
compliance testing
Screening method Specific method

BfR photometric test HPLC-UV
considers lower response
factors of real PAA vs aniline
if >0,002 mg/kg DL = sum PAA <0,01mg/kg

threshold of action limit
0,002 mg/kg
2 10

Again: How can I pass the limit earlier?
PAA Migration Level
Conventional System
Smart System
10ppb Smart = Earlier being safe for use
0 Time

Adhesives for flexible packaging
Solvent based
Application: Application:
• high performance laminates • medium performance laminates
• Properties: • Properties:
• high bond-strength • high bond-strength
• high chemical resistance on foil • high chemical and heat resistance
• very good thermal resistance • High slip agent suitability

• Very high initial tack
Examples:
Examples:
• PET/Foil/PE:
for fruit-juice packaging, hot filling • CPA/CPP:
for retort able infusion bag
• PET/Foil/PVC: laminates, sterilization at 134 °C
for deep drawn pharma packaging
30 min., high demands on
• Retort e.g. 30 minutes 130°C on foil toxicological properties

Solvent based adhesive systems
• 1 component isocyanate based systems crosslinking with humidty for

paper laminates
• 2 component (isocyanate / hydroxyl) dissolved in ethylacetate at

various concentration for fil / film and film / foil
• Solvent carrier to help to apply higher molecular polymers
• Cross-linking in 2 steps

Solvent based adhesives
Mixing and diluting
1. Weigh out 2. Add the 3. Add the hardener

the adhesive solvent and mix component and mix
thoroughly
Solid content 30-40%
Measure the viscosity
Ford cup Zahn cup

Potlife comparison

Preparation – “Less is more”
The amount of adhesive to be mixed should be
possible to be consumed within a max. of 2 hours:
Width of laminate: 0.87 m

Machine speed: 100 m/min.
Coating weight dry: 3.2 g/m2
0.87 m x 100 m/min.= 87 m2/min.

87 m2 / min x 120 min = 10,440 m2 for 2 hrs.
10,440 m2 x 3.2 g/m2 dry = 33,408 g dry
33.41 kg dry = 111.4 kg 30 % solid content
111.4 kg x 80 % efficiency =
89.1 kg should be mixed !!!

Gravure rollers - challenges
36 hrs. = 3.0 g/m2

Optics still ok!
72 hrs. = 2.7 g/m2

Small bubbles appear!
108 hrs. = 2.3 g/m2

Bubbles not bearable!
Fresh = 3.2 g/m2
Optics ok !

Viscosity SB adhesives
Changes in viscosity could come from:

• evaporation of solvent
• water content of solvent too high
Viscosity should be checked regularly,

if too high to be diluted with solvent

Dry laminating machine
60°C 70°C 80°C
drying tunnel Lamination

station
50-90°C
unwind 1
secondary
rubber web
chill roll
Carrier
web unwind 2
gravure roller finished

adhesive pan laminate
rewind

Solvent based systems
Performance
High Medium Standard
- PETP/OPA SiOx/ CPP OPA / CPP deep draw ing PETP m et./ LDPE
- PETP/PETP SiOx/CPP deep draw ing CPA / CPP sterilization OPP / m et. CPP high bond strength
- Alu/PETP/HDPE retortable pouches CPA / EVA boil in bag PETP / m et. PETP - good optical appearance
- Alu/ CPP chem ical resistance PETP / HDPE high bond strength Alu / paper
- Alu/HDPE high bond strength PVC / LDPE high heat seal strength OPP / paper
- Alu/LLDPE high heat seal strength good optical appearance coex. OPP / LDPE
PETP / Alu - good optical appearance
OPA / Alu - PETP / alu / CPP
dry filling good
OPP / Alu - PETP / alu / LLDPE
LA 2760 / LA 5891
LA 2760 / LA 5028
LA 3966 / LA 6170
LA 2615 / LA 5021
LA 3720 / LA 6807
LA 3720 / LA 6136
LA 3760 / LA 6200
LA 2850 / LA 5000

Laminating adhesive performance range
Relative content
Cross- Aliphatic Adhesion

Polyether Polyester
links NCO promoter
High none +++ +++ ++ ++
Medium-High o ++ ++ + +
Medium + + + o none
Standard performance ++ o o o none
35 October 31, 2016 Advanced lamination– A. Wenzlaff

Aggressive filling good resistance
Filling good resistance comparison
100 hrs. at 60°C
9
5
[N/15mm]
LA 3640/LA 6800
(MV 50:1)
4
LA 3640/LA 6000
(MV 85:1)
3
0
initial * salt * gloves * lavendel * acidic acid* ammonia ketchup mustard mayonnaise Ethanol water
* 3% solutions in H2O

Impact of aggressive filling goods
• Fragances from the filling goods are able to penetrate through the
seal layer affecting the adhesive anchorage on the i.e. carrier film

Basic safety instructions for handling reactive PUR
• Avoid skin contact, use cloves for cleaning operations
• Secure proper ventilation at the application station, use

exhaust systems
• Avoid inhalation of adhesive vapors

Adhesive portfolio update

Liofol solvent based adhesive system
• Excellent product resistance especially with acidic filling goods

• Improved running properties
- No cell blocking
- Reduced moisture sensitivity
Mustard filling good resistance after 35 days at 40°C

Alu/PE (Inner Layer)
Conventional product
shows delamination after
5 weeks product exposure!
Picture* Picture*
Conventional Product LA 3819 / LA 6141
*Comparison pictures of laminates after 5 weeks exposure at 40°C

Long pot-life solvent free system
LA 7707 / LA 6707
20.000
18.000 Liofol LA 7732 /

LA 6084
16.000 100:40
50°C
14.000
Viscosity (mPa.s)
12.000
Lfl LA 7707 /
LA 6707
10.000
100:85
50°C
8.000
6.000
4.000
2.000
0
1 3 6 8 11 13 16 18 21 23 26 28 31 33 36 38 41 43 46 48 51 53 56 58
Elapsed time (min)

Liofol - Primers
In PE extrusion processes
• on film with waterbased Liofol A 1883 (off line possible)

• PE imine primer applying rather low coating weights = 0.01 g/m²
• on foil with Liofol LA 4501 (only inline)
• 1 component PUR primer cross-linking with moisture

• Coating weights between 0.5 to 1.0 g/m²
For heat seal coatings on PETP films
• LA 8193-21 as in-line primer

Heat seal coatings
Aluminium lids
Heat seal coatings to be sealed against cups made of PS,
PVC, PP
Lioseal for mixpap/PET

Heat seal coatings to be sealed against cups
made of PS, PVC, PP

Loctite Liofol HS 1138 – The product
1. A solvent-based heat seal coating w/ anti-mist properties

2. Suitable for BOPET lidding films for fresh and ready meal food
packs
3. To produce peelable lidding film to open w/o film breaks and w/o
tools
4. To be used on BOPET film to seal onto CPET, RPET and APET
food trays
5. Microwavable solution
6. Fully compliant for direct food contact

Loctite Liofol HS 1138 - Properties
1. Very low haze (3-6%) vs. competitive grade (8-12%)

2. Consistent sealing properties through contaminants like grease,
blood and sugar
3. Excellent anti-mist performance
4. No blocking effect
5. Lower coating weights with same performance 2.5 vs. 3.5 g/m²
6. Plain side of BOPET to be coated; treated side printable

Liofol CS – cold seal coatings

Cold seal coatings and release lacquer
General: Tailor made:

• For wide range of substrates • Easy opening
• Low cling • Low tack
• Good seal performance • Very high product resistance
• Low foaming and odor • Medical applications
• Good machine ability • Natural + synthetic rubber
• For mono film and laminates

Reclosable lids
• Easy first opening (force < 15 N/cm)

• Good bond strength to PET and PE
(> 10 N/15 mm)
• Good adhesion at – 5°C up to 30 °C
• Low /no odor
• No cold flow, especially under the influence of
pressure
• Resistant against moisture and fat/oil
• Good machinability
• No curling of the film after reclosing and
successive storage in the refrigerator
• Approval for direct/indirect food contact

Reclosable lids
First opening and reclosability is a function of:

 lid construction
 films used
 thickness of coextruded PSA hotmelt / film

Product Description
TECHNOMELT PS 7120
• Based on a novel polymer composition

• Fully synthetic raw materials for indirect food
contact
• Melt Flow Index 190°C with 2mm nozzle:
>130 g/10min
• Packaging:
20 kg carton box (with LDPE inliner/pouch)
1 pallet = 360 kg ( 18 cartons)

Technical lamination
• solvent based
• water based
• solvent free
Laminating adhesives for

non-food application

Textile lamination
• Casual and sports wear

• Medical and health care
• Protection wear and
technical applications
• One component PUR systems

Fibre and fabrics
Fields of application:
• Carpet backing
• Lingerie
• Protection cloth
• Roof protection
• General: technical non-woven lamination

Parameters in the solvent free lamination process

Temperature vs. viscosity
(mPa.s)
h

Temperature adjustment vs. real temperature
50°C
Difference > 3°C  heat transfer insufficient
40°C

Temperature control
48°C 45°C
Lower viscosity Higher viscosity
Application weight low Application weight high
1.6g/m² 2.0g/m²
Hot water
In- / outlet
50°C
Surface temperature is important !!

Application temperature
Carrier web
Poor wetting
Carrier web
Optimum wetting

Temperature / pressure in the laminating station
Insufficient wetting
Secondary film – poor optics
Carrier web – good optics
Good wetting
Secondary film – good optics
Carrier web – good optics

Temperature in the laminating station
secondary web
adhesive
primary web
cold - adhesive high viscosity --> poor wetting
right - adhesive low viscosity / films soft -> proper wetting

Coating weights
Coating weight too low

- poor optical appearance
- poor bond strength
Coating weight right

- excellent optics
- good bond strength

Coating weight check during production
(always at machine speed)
When machine has desired speed

a flag should be placed and machine
to be stopped then

Checking the coating weight
• Fresh laminate and single printed film to be put into match
• To cut 100 cm² samples from 3 locations across the width, left,
middle and right
• Separate fresh laminate, place printed film (w/ adhesive) on

analytical balance – press „tara“
• Replace by single printed film (w/o adhesive) and record weight
• Place PE film (w/ adhesive) on balance and press „tara“

• Clean PE film with EAC, dry briefly, place on balance and record
weight

Coating weight calculation
weight
sample @ 100 cm²
[g/100cm²]
PETP printed w/ adhesive 2,1298
PETP printed w/o adhesive 2,1178
adhesive on PETP printed 0,0120
PE film w/ adhesive 1,2543
PE film w/o adhesive 1,2483
adhesive on PE film 0,0060
adhesive on PETP printed 0,0120
adhesive on PE film 0,0060
total adhesive weight 0,0180
1 m² = 100 cm² x 100 cm² 1,8000 g/m²

Comparing the optical appearance across the web
Drive side Operator side
A B
1.4 g/m² 1.8 g/m² 2.2 g/m²

Lot of wetting failures Almost no wetting Coating weight high
failures giving orange peel

The roller gap
4
3
1 2
Adjustment: 0,08 mm for cold applied systems (40°C)

0,10 mm for warm applied systems (70°C)
Adjustment to be done at operating temperature

Improper adjustment may cause differences in coating weights

Temperature control in the coating station
°C 3
4
1 2

Roller gap vs. adhesive quantity
In order to minimise the influence of the pot life ......

• the sensor need to be adjusted to make the difference between min. and maximum as small
as possible
• the lowest possible level should be aimed for
• permanent refilling with fresh adhesive will keep viscosity in a narrow range
Max. Level
Min. Level

Adhesive vs. temperature
h(mPa.s)
(g/m²)
Standard pot life

Adhesive too hot
time 
Refilling with fresh adhesive

Influence of the oszillating:

Without using a traveler you may run into
trouble with uneven viscosity / application
weights across the web


h (mPa.s)
Time 
Solvent free systems
Performance
High Medium Standard
- PETP/OPA SiOx/ CPP OPA / CPP deep draw ing PETP m et./ LDPE
- PETP/PETP SiOx/CPP deep draw ing CPA / CPP sterilization OPP / m et. CPP high bond strength
- Alu/PETP/HDPE retortable pouches CPA / EVA boil in bag PETP / m et. PETP - good optical appearance
- Alu/ CPP chem ical resistance PETP / HDPE high bond strength Alu / paper
- Alu/HDPE high bond strength PVC / LDPE high heat seal strength OPP / paper
- Alu/LLDPE high heat seal strength good optical appearance coex. OPP / LDPE
PETP / Alu - good optical appearance
OPA / Alu - PETP / alu / CPP
dry filling good
OPP / Alu - PETP / alu / LLDPE
LA 7792/ LA 6181
LA 7755/ LA 6156
LA 7780 / LA 6147
LA 7716 / LA 6155
LA 7715 / LA 6155
LA 7735 / LA 6088
LA 7732 / LA 6159
LA 7707 / LA 6707

Surface tension vs. adhesive wetting

Check the right side is laminated !
treatment
No treatment
Treated side always to face the adheisve

Surface tensions vs. films
Surface tension N/m (dyne/cm )

60
54
50
50 48
Minimum treatment level
40 40 > 38 Dyne/cm
40 38
32
30 29
30 w/o treatment
w/ treatment
20
10
0
LDPE CPP PETP met.
films

Surface tensions
Ethanol
Aceton
Methanol
Wasser
[Substrat]
Teflon
PE
PVC
PA
PETP
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
[N/m = dyne/cm]

Corona treatment inline
Cleaning the surface Increase the surface tension,

( > 38 mN/m)
Antiblock
Additives PE´s
OPP
CPP
OPA

Corona treatment on PE
PE-film with corona treatment
OH O OH NH O
CO2-
PE w/o Corona PE w/ Corona

Determination of the surface tension
 

0  < 90°  > 90°
Almost perfect Good wetting Poor wetting

wetting

Delamination ?
Improper surface tension
oPP Monofilm
adhesive
Corona w/o treatment
Delamination
oPP PE

Impurities on the film surface
antiblock prozessing
slip additives monomeres
agent aids
OPA / CPA X X
OPP X
CPP X X
PE X
PVC X X
PETP X
printing inks X X

Treatment of different films
energy requirements for treatment
> 45 mN/mm
OPP
CPP
substrates
LDPE
PETP
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
[Wmin/m²]

Poor bonding due to both side none
treated PE film !
Delamination!

Monitor the distribution of adhesive right
before the nip
or ?
 The application station is
set up properly 
Re-adjust the settings

Monitor the distribution of the adhesive after
the nip
Even adhesive coating before the nip, but bad optical appearance after
lamination. Re-adjust the nip settings.
but ?

Wetting failures

Wetting failures
h (mPa.s)
poor
good
carrier film
wetting failures will

be found here
The shape of the wetting failure can tell us
its cause
Machine direction
low adhesive temperature poor contact between rollers

low pressure on pressure roller roller not set correctly
low surface tension dirty roller
ink/adhesive incompatibility roller has flat spots

Wetting failures in the center of the web

Wetting failures on one side of the web
Adjust the nip pressure correctly !

Wetting failures at regular intervals
One roller is „out of round“. Store suspended in a rack.

Wetting failures
Sufficient adhesive needs to be applied, coping with
adsorbtion by inks

Recommended coating weights
Fresh laminate Coating weight Optical appearance

( g/m² )
Un-printed, transparent films 1.6 Slight greyish effect, small oval spots
printed, transparent films 1.8 - 2.2 printed: no or few spots

unprinted: no orange peel
Un-printed films/ Aluminium 1.8 unprinted: no orange peel
Printed films / Aluminium 1.8 - 2.1 printed: no or few spots

Wetting failures are caused by :
- the inability of the adhesive to flow out onto the surface
of the film
- a low surface tension on the film‘s surface
- a too low coating weight
adhesive
good wetting bad wetting

Adjustments to eliminate wetting failures
(mPa.s)
h
4 4
3 3
1 2 1 2
raise the temperature of increase the pressure increase the pressure

the adhesive by 5 – 10°C on the transfer roller on the pressure roller

Machine adjustments vs. troubleshooting

Temperature influence:
Adhesive too cold
Coating weight too high

As of a higher adhesive
Fogging viscosity more adhesive is
transferred
Orange peel
Carrier web “looping”
The tension control becomes
3
4
instable, folds in machine

Wrong mix ratio
direction become visable. The base material has a
2
higher viscosity, less material
was pumped.
Power strain on drives

Wetting failure Because of the higher
The adhesive is too high in viscosity more pawer is
viscosity and does not wet well. necessary to keep the rollers
A in morion.

Stringing
stringing
presseur
stringing due to too high

viscosity
+10°C
application
Application
applicationroller
roller
roller
no stringing
Stringing
presseur
stringing
application
application
applicationroller
roller

„Fogging“
• Increase the temperature of the application roller

• Lower the pressure on the application roller
• Check the application weight after any change of
parameters.

The carrier web sticks to the application
roller
4
3
2 raise the temperature of the application roller (monitor

the effect on the coating weight)
decrease the pressure on the pressure roller (monitor
the effect on the coating weight)
increase the rewind tension (only as a last resort)
if ignored the carrier film may wrap itself around the application roller

Tunnel formation
Machine direction
Description:
• small, capillary wrinkles in the stiffer film

across the web.
• become longer in the outer layers after the
lamination process
Polyolefine film contracts

Wrinkles across the machine direction
Machine direction
Reduce pressure and /

or temperature

Adhesive did not cure - Effects
• Adhesive is tacky in either printed or unprinted area, problem

likely from wrong mix ratio
• Adhesive is tacky only in printed areas – likely caused by

retained solvent from printing process
Actions:
• Place a sample in an over for 1 night @ 50°C and check the
bonding the next day. In case the laminate has cured it was an
excess of NCO, which has reacted with humidity. Rewinding
the material in humid condition will make the whole reel cure.
• In case the behaviour remained the same an excess of OH has

caused the failure, unfortunately no other action will help.

Mixing ratio
Adhesive: Liofol LA 7780 Liofol LA 6080
Parts per recommended

weight 100 : 45
extended Permanent
Tolerance 100 : Curing time 42 - 48 tackiness

IR analysis for an OH excess
ca. 3 500 cm-1
115
110
3500 cm-1, OH excess relative to std

105
100
Std IR trace
95
90
85
%Transmission
80
75
70
65
60
1535 cm-1, urethane

55
50 ------ standard IR trace

45 ------ sample with excess -OH
40
3000 2000
Wellenzahlen (cm-1)

Case
A sample of PET/PE laminated with SF LA 7780 / LA 6080.
At one side of the laminate delaminations are visible

Case
OH
%T
Urethane
blue: LA 7780 / LA 6080 100:45

black Euroflex side of delamination Urea
4000,0 3600 3200 2800 2400 2000 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400,0
cm-1

Case
OH
%T
Urethane
blue: LA 7780 / LA 6080 100:45

black Euroflex side without delamination
Urea
4000,0 3600 3200 2800 2400 2000 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400,0
cm-1

Orange peel effect
• Increase temperature of the application roller (please pay

attention to the change in coating weight)
• Increase temperature of the nip
• Increase the winding tension
• Rewind the stretchable (softer) film to the outside
• Use a suitable winding profile

Laminating station
 
100 m/min 300 m/min

The higher the speed the less any heat can be transferred to the films to be
laminated.
Consider to increase the temperature when increasing the machine speed.

Film tension
LDPE 30
HDPE 60
Alu 9µm 80
CPP 90
Alu 40µm 320
0 100 200 300 400

web tension ( N )

Web tension
PE
Machine direction
Make a cross cut to test balance between films !

Web tension
PET
PE
Clear tendency to the PE  reduce tension

on the PE film

Web tension
Laminate curls across the machine

direction  clear indication for too high
laminating temperature
Curling
The PE stretches and the PET does not.

The PE is held in place by the adhesive,
but still tends to recover (contract). This
results in curling.
Possible reasons
• Incorrect or unbalanced web tension
• calendar nip temperature too high

Films, additives and inks: possible impact

Films and additives: effect on the lamination
process

Delamination – weak bond due to slip additives on
the PE surface
Additives
Separar capa
show upblanca
as a
y limpiable
white, greasyencoating
el PE on
the PE
Adhesivo
Adhesive on enPET
el
prt .
PET nada
No adhesive
prt, en
on PEPE
el
PETprt /PE → PETprt/ + PE

The migration of the substituted urea to
the surface of the film produces the
Antiseal effect
Melting point > 250°C
No seal between the

jaws of the heat sealer

Actions to take in case of a suspected ASE
1. Compare the heat seal strength before and after wiping with
ethyl acetate
2. Test the surface tension of the sealing layer on the sealing side,
could be a case of „backside treatment“
3. IR analysis, the presence of aromatics can be recognized by the

absorbance at 1510 cm-1 and 1600 cm-1 as well as at 1646 cm-1 and
1545cm-1. These peaks are typical for an ASE.

The effect of slip agents
O
CH3 (CH2 )7 CH CH (CH2 )7 C NH2
Oleo acid amide
O
CH3 (CH2 )7 CH CH (CH2 )11 C NH2
Eruca acid amide

Slip agents (which reduce the coefficient of friction) like olea-acid-amide and eruca-acid-amide
contain an active side which reacts with free isocyanate monomer in the adhesive to form
substituted polyurea.
O O H H
CH3 (CH2 )7 CH CH (CH2 )7 C NH2 + O C N R' CH3 (CH2)7 CH CH (CH2)7 C N C N R'
substituted amide free isocyanate O
substitued urea

Retarders have only one active side
CH3 CH2 OH ethanol
CH3 CH CH3 isopropanol

OH
CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 OH butanol

< 5mg/m²
OH
Dowanol PM
H3C O CH2 CH CH3
(propylene glycol methyl ether)

Retarders act as chain terminators
CH3 CH2 OH
Ethanol
CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 OH

Butanol
Adhesive remains tacky in printed areas all the time
The laminate is rather easy to separate.
Overall retained solvents should be kept < 10mg/m².

Actual case (I)
Information about the samples:
• PETP printed // LA 3644/LA 6055 // Alu // LA 7732/LA 6084 // PE
• Monofilm PET printed, NC-PUR modified ink
• Monofilm PE
• All samples were sealed in a laminated triplex of the same structure.

Actual case (II)
Tests carried out / test conditions:

We had done a smell test direct after opening of the sealed bags.
We measured the retained solvent of the printed monofilm PET and of
the laminate.
Test analysis and results:

We recognized a slight smell of solvent at the sample.
Furthermore we see delaminations in the triplex laminate and the PET

mono film was tacky and the printed layers stuck together.

Actual case (III)
Retained solvents:
PET mono-film triplex laminate:

Rewinding vs. telescoping

Rewinding
Tension / pressure in reel

(i.e. rewinding speed)
Incorrect taper tension can lead to corrugation or wrinkles on the inside of the rewound reel !

Lay-on-roller

Optical appearnce in the none printed
area is not good as there is not
pressure within the rewound roll

Rewound roll
Setting the taper tension

correctly will help to get
a good roll Pressure
The softer, more stretchable film should be rewound outside

Incorrect rewinding profile: The reel is too loosely rewound at the start of
the reel (core) and too tightly at the end (outside) of the reel. This leads
to wrinkles at the core of the reel.

tension/pressure in reel
Pressure outside > inside
30 N at 15%  30 x 0,85 N

Pressure outside < inside of reel

Telescoping

Telescoping – different effects
• coating weight on one side too high

Telescoping to one side • improper films thickness
• temperature differences across the web
• air entrapment

or or
telescoping to one telescoping only telescoping to

side only near the core, both sides
straight in the
outside of the reel

To one side
Drive side Operator side
A B
1,4 g/m² 1,8 g/m² 2,2 g/m²
• The application weight is too high

• The application weight is not even across the web

To one side
The pressure on the lay-on roller is not balanced, forcing

the laminate to move to one side of the rewound reel

To one side
The calendar nip pressure is not even and the layers of

laminate in the rewound reel stack up on one side
High bond strength Poor bond strength

good optics bad optics

Telescoping only around the core
the taper tension is not correct, which means:

pressure outside > inside of the reel

the outside layers put pressure on the inside
layers, forcing them to move
30 N at 15%  30 x 0,85 N

Telescoping to both sides
• Entrapped air between the laminate layers of the

rewound reel will lead to slipping of the layers on
this air cushion from one side to the other.
• Increase pressure of the lay-on roller

Telescoping to both sides
Wrong setting of the taper tension which

means: the pressure at the outer layers is much
lower than at the core.
Material will try to lever the pressure inside the

reel – this leads to telescoping and entrapped
air will cause the layer to slip from one side to
the other.
30 N at 15%  30 x 0,85 N

Control the mix ratio every shift ao every new job !
Check should be done be controlling the weight of each component !
Stream Splitter

?
Check the level !
Enough to give an appropriate measurement !
Base Hardener
Check the temperature!
Attention! A too cold adhesive should not be

applied onto the laminating machine !

 
Skin
Keep the lid closed – always !
Reduce the volume of air by

refilling with respective component
  Isocyanate material will cross linking with humidity
Observe the level of adhesive !

Always put some grease on the tip
of the mixing head !

Non-stop maintenance is vital !

QUESTIONS ????

Vielen Dank für Ihre Aufmerksamkeit !
Thank you very much for your attention!

5 Adhesives Andreas Wenzlaff HENKEL

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5 Adhesives Andreas Wenzlaff HENKEL

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COMEXI - Advanced lamination session

Andreas Wenzlaff: Technical Manager Keyaccounts EMEA

Girona, November 9, 2016

Págie 2 October 31, 2016 Advanced lamination– A. Wenzlaff

Págie 3 October 31, 2016 Advanced lamination– A. Wenzlaff

Solvent based needs 16 times more energy!

Págie 4 October 31, 2016 Advanced lamination– A. Wenzlaff

SB (€1.54/kg, 30% SC, 3.0g/m2) 11,27

SF (€4.15/kg, 100% SC, 2.1g/m2) 8,62

0,00 2,00 4,00 6,00 8,00 10,00 12,00

SB (€1.54/kg, 45% SC, 3.0g/m2) 8,48

SF (€4.15/kg, 100% SC, 1.5g/m2) 6,15

0,00 2,00 4,00 6,00 8,00 10,00

(Adhesive- / solvent prices excluding VAT)

Págie 7 October 31, 2016 Advanced lamination– A. Wenzlaff

High Dry Lamination

Loctite Liofol LW 8059

Loctite Liofol LW 29-301 Medium Liofol LA 4503 / LA 5804 New

Loctite Liofol LW 9112

Págie 8 October 31, 2016 Advanced lamination– A. Wenzlaff

Greenhouse gas emissions of Liofol adhesives1)

Págie 9 October 31, 2016 Advanced lamination– A. Wenzlaff

Págie 10 October 31, 2016 Advanced lamination– A. Wenzlaff

• 1 component for paper / film or foil laminates

• 2 component PUR systems (isocyanate / hydroxyl) w/o solvent for

• Coating by state of the art 4 roller system

Págie 11 October 31, 2016 Advanced lamination– A. Wenzlaff

Polyol Isocyanate Urethane link

Reaction of excess of isocyanate with water

free isocyanate moisture unstable carbamic acid amine

free isocyanate amine urea

Págie 12 October 31, 2016 Advanced lamination– A. Wenzlaff

Primary aromatiic amines

Lamination chemical and thermal resistance

24 Hours 48 Hours 14 Days

Págie 13 October 31, 2016 Advanced lamination– A. Wenzlaff

“Danish Food Scandal”

Source: Danish Nyheds Magasin, Internet

Págie 14 October 31, 2016 Advanced lamination– A. Wenzlaff

potential for migration

can be an adhesive only a functional barrier

Source: Danish Nyheds Magasin, Internet

Págie 16 October 31, 2016 Advanced lamination– A. Wenzlaff

Págie 17 October 31, 2016 Advanced lamination– A. Wenzlaff UV-Detection

Detection limit of this method:

50 only 2ppb is ensuring to be below the

40 10ppb SML limit

Days after lamination

PAA • long migration times • fast free of migrates

The selection of the right adhesive is crucial!

Págie 19 October 31, 2016 Advanced lamination– A. Wenzlaff

Smart system LA 7738 / LA 6087

Págie 20 October 31, 2016 Advanced lamination– A. Wenzlaff

• Mankind: 6.625 Bill. people (2007)

Págie 21 October 31, 2016 Advanced lamination– A. Wenzlaff

• Known to give false positive results!!!

 A specific method is required for cross-check!

Regulation (EU) No. 10/2011

Screening method Specific method

if >0,002 mg/kg DL = sum PAA <0,01mg/kg

Págie 23 October 31, 2016 Advanced lamination– A. Wenzlaff

PAA Migration Level

10ppb Smart = Earlier being safe for use

Págie 24 October 31, 2016 Advanced lamination– A. Wenzlaff