Subject Code: MUSIC 3 History and Characteristics of Western Music

Guide Code: 4.0 Music of the Classical Period

Lesson Code: 4.2 Detailed Instrumental Forms Music
Time Limit: 30 minutes

TA ATA
COMPONENT TASKS (min) (min)

Target At the end of lesson 4.2 student will be able to: 1

1. differentiate each of the detailed instrumental forms as; (Sonata-

Allegro form, Theme and Variations, Minuet and Scherzo, and Rondo)

2. listen and gain appreciation in analyzing the detailed instrumental

forms of the Classical Period Music

Hook 4
In different aspects of life like studying, (most of you are in it, whether mins.
you like it or not), traveling, watching series, gaming, etc. we always
wanted to know where are we and where are we going. It's like knowing
our directions and purpose.

Today’s lesson is forms of music and this will allow us to know what is
happening in composition as we listen to it. Thanks to the composers of
this period who structured it this way to educate its listeners and
instrumentalists on where are they already in the composition.

To begin with, read the rhythm of the given score to gain the first-hand
experience of the Sonata-Allegro Form or read it along with a video
presentation linked to this material.

Title: Spoken Sonata-Allegro Form

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sYVfVUySJJw

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 Figure 1. Spoken Sonata-Allegro Form. Philippine Society for Music
Education, Western Music Literature Lecture, 2018

What have you experienced as you read the material?

Have you drawn some actions in mind as a Sonata-Allegro Form is played
in an ensemble?

Ignite 15
Sonata-allegro or sonata is one of those chunks in a larger work. Professor mins.
Craig Wright from Yale University (2020) mentioned that the sonata-
allegro form is the hardest, most complex, and most difficult. It appears to
many compositions like a string quartet, sonata concerto, and symphony.
It is always associated with a sonata and is always fast so was called
sonata-allegro.

In this lesson, we will discuss four of the Classical compositions’ Detailed

Forms.

SONATA-ALLEGRO
Sonata or sonata-allegro is an opening or the first movement of a multi-
movement composition, whether symphony, chamber and etc. In this
fragment, the theme of the composition is exposed. Treatment like
harmony, stylistic connotations, expression, dynamism, active variety of
the composition, and so on is exploited in this portion.

Sonata has three sections, based on lumenlearning.com (2020)

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  Exposition presents the theme of the composition. In the given
material in Hook, there is Theme I, upbeat, faster tempo, with
some variations; the organization of music is commanding and
demanding, then Theme II is the exact opposite of the style, key,
mood of the first theme. Exposition explores harmony and
texture potentials, but overall, this is where the listeners will
remember the melody of the work.

 Development has the most actions in terms of treatment of the

musical idea and theme. It may consist of different keys, the
altered theme of the exposition, at times, an opposite musical
idea, may include new melodic theme, distant keys, motif
sequencing, and etc. However, before the development end, it will
return to its original key in preparation for the recapitulation. The
transition that happened in the development of recapitulation is
one of the important parts of the composition.

 Recapitulation, is a reformed repetition of the exposition.

(Palada, 2017)

Here’s a simple analysis of the sonata-allegro form.

Title: Mozart - Eine Kleine Nacthmusik Movement 1 – Western

Classical Music (Part 9) by TheGreenReviews
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E9z5nmalzmc

THEME AND VARIATIONS

Theme and variations are one of the common forms of music you will
hear in the Classical Period. In this form of music, the composer presents
a theme or the main melody also called the subject of the work and will
do a series of arrangements to create a diverse effect in a composition.

Here is some treatment to create a variation of the main melody-based on

musictheory.com (2020)
1. Melodic variations- melody can be altered, adding notes
subtracting notes, ornamentation, trills, inverting of melody
and etc.
2. Rhythmic Variations – the composer may create different
rhythmic patterns that will create a different pulse in the theme
of the melody. It also may utilize a change of time signature
which varies from a simple meter to a compound meter.

Here’s an example:

The material that is presented is a variation of Twinkle, Twinkle Little

Stars by Shinichi Suzuki a Music Educator who introduced a Suzuki
Method in teaching and learning violin.

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 Figure No. 2. Variation A-D of Twinkle Twinkle Little Stars by Shinichi
Suzuki, Accessed 2020.

Title: Suzuki Violin1- Twinkle, Twinkle Little Stars Variations S.

Suzuki Score Video by FreeDom Music
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SOicDbL0vzA

3. Harmonic variations – to create an innumerable effect and

variation to a composition, a change of key is also exploited.
Some of the treatments are modulation from major to minor or
vice versa to relative minor keys and etc.

MINUET AND TRIO (Scherzo and Trio in most of Beethoven)

What do we expect from the third movement of a four-movement

composition?

Minuet and Scherzo is a dance-like and the shortest movement of a four-

movement composition, the only dance sonata and most popular dance
in the 18th century.

Digital.nepr.net (2020) mentioned that among the three movements,

scherzo provides an “elegant respite”, with three movements, opening, trio
(contrast), and a repeated opening section, (ABA). Scherzo is also
described as a fast- amusing composition that may or may not be part of a
larger composition. In some descriptions, it implies a joking character; as
scherzo means “joke” in Italian. If there is a three-movement composition,
this portion is omitted.

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 Here is a 3rd movement of Eine Kleine

Title: Mozart – Eine Kleine Nachtmusik Movement 3 Western

Classical Music ( Part 11) by FreeDom Music
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WD8vuPFwaAQ

RONDO
Some of the contemporary compositions have this form. Rondo has a
main or principal theme and, it is followed by a music segment or
episodes that contrast or oppose the theme and, with a series of return to
the main theme. It is also frequently formed the final movement in
sonatas.

The common structure is ABACA (five-part rondo) or ABACADA

(seven-part rondo). Below is an explanation of a Rondo form in
Beethoven’s String Quartet in C Minor

Title: Music Appreciation – The Rondo by christwrightmusic

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kM3Sv8cgGEw

Navigate ALTERNATIVE ASSESSMENT 10

mins.
Choose any composition with any of the detailed forms we studied in this
lesson. Analyze its formal structure and transcribe it into a short video.

See the video below as an example of your FINAL OUTPUT

Title: Verse Chorus Form of Popular Music

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qFpnxWuJm0g

Template:

Title of the Composition

Composer
Genre
Formal Structure
Analysis
Knot Classical instrumental music forms have a set of musical possibilities, 4
theme treatments, arrangements, and variations which was created history minu
in western music. Many studies showed the value of listening to it, like; tes
 Mozart for babies’ brain development
(https://www.classicfm.com/music-news/the-mozart-effect/)

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  Bach for mathematical precision
(https://www.theguardian.com/music/2005/dec/12/classicalmusica
ndopera.jsbach2),
 Vivaldi for mental alertness and brain measures of attention
and memory
(https://www.classicfm.com/composers/vivaldi/news/vivaldis-
music-boosts-brain-power) and a lot more

To fully feel the essence and importance of it, I hope that we appreciate
and discover which classical music possibilities will work on our learning
practices.

RUBRICS OF THE ALTERNATIVE ASSESSMENT

1
CRITERIA DESCRIPTIONS 5 4-3 Needs
Exemplary Very Good Improvem
ent
Choice of Piece The selected music should have any
detailed form of the Classical
Instrumental Music

Content The required information of the

composition: title, composer or
performer, form, etc. is in the video
output

Analysis Each part of the music excerpt should

(Scorex2) have a brief description of the part of
the music played

Editing Skills Showcase a direct-to-the-point

presentation of the idea.

Length of the It should be a minimum of 1 minute

Material and a maximum of 2 minutes

Teacher’s Comments

TOTAL 30 points SCORE

Note: Teacher may modify this rubric or the Alternative Assessment

Prepared by: Reviewed by:

SARHA A. BAUTISTA JONA JOY G. PALADA
Position: Position:
Special Science Teacher (SST) IV Special Science Teacher (SST) III
Campus: Campus:
PSHS-CALABARZON RC PSHS-SMC

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REFERENCES:

BOOKS
Albarico, J.M. (2013). THINK Framework. Based on Ramos, E.G. and N. Apolinario. (n.d.) Science
LINKS. Quezon City: Rex Bookstore Inc.

Kamien, Roger (2002), Music: An Appreciation. (4th ed), Mc-Graw Hill, New York, NY 10020.

Palada, Jona Joy G.(2017), Studies in Musical Style and Form: Renaissance to Romantic Era, A
Workbook in Music, First Edition, MegaTEXTS Philippines.

ONLINE SOURCES

Sonata- Allegro Form. [Web log post] Retrieved from

https://courses.lumenlearning.com/musicappreciation_with_theory/chapter/the- sonata-allegro-
form/

Lecture 9, Sonata-Allegro Form: Mozart and Beethoven. Retrieved from

https://oyc.yale.edu/music/musi-112/lecture-9

Theme and Variation., Retrieved from https://www.musictheoryacademy.com/understanding-music

Minuet and Trio. Retrieved from https://ccsf.instructure.com/courses/4055/pages/minuet-and-trio-form.

VIDEOS

Forms of Music. Professor Wright. Retrieved from https://oyc.yale.edu/music/musi-112/lecture-9

The Green Reviews, (Sept. 17, 2015). Eine Kleine Nacthmusik. [Video]. YouTube. Retrieved from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E9z5nmalzmc
Freedom Music, (Jan. 9, 2017). Suzuki Violin1- Twinkle, Twinkle Little Stars Variations S. Suzuki Score
Video [Video]. YouTube. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SOicDbL0vzA

The Green Reviews, (Jan. 19, 2015). Eine Kleine Nachtmusik Movement 3 Westren Classical Music (Part
11) [Video]. YouTube. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WD8vuPFwaAQ

Sarha A. Bautista, (Jan. 14, 2021). Verse-Chorus Form of the Popular Music [Video]. YouTube.
Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qFpnxWuJm0g

Sarha A. Bautista, (Jan. 14, 2021). Spoken Sonata-Allegro Form [Video]. YouTube. Retrieved from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sYVfVUySJJw

IMAGES

Figure No.1 Theme and Variations by Lawrence Eisman Retrieved from PSME Workshop Hand-outs,
2018

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Figure No. 2. Variation A-D Suzuki Violin. https://www.pdfdrive.com/suzuki-violin-school-violin-
part- volume-1-d167703880.html

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