‫ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻤﺔ‬

‫ﻣﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ‪:‬‬

‫ﺍﻷﺳﺘﺎﺫ ‪ :‬ﻧﺎﻋﻢ ﳏﻤﺪ‬
‫ﺃﺳﺘﺎﺫ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻮﻱ‬

‫ﻭ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻓﻘﺎﺕ ﰲ ‪Z‬‬

‫ﺍﻷ‬
‫ﺳﺘﺎﺫ‬
‫‪education-onec-dz.blogspot.com‬‬

‫ﲤﺎﺭﻳﻦ ﻭ ﺣﻠﻮﻝ ﻣﻔﺼﻠﺔ‬

‫‪:‬ﻧ‬

‫‪3‬‬
‫ﺎﻋﻢ‬

‫•ﲤﺎﺭﻳﻦ ﳕﻮﺫﺟﻴﺔ‬
‫ﳏﻤﺪ‬

‫•ﲤﺎﺭﻳﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻜﺎﻟﻮﺭﻳﺎﺕ ﺳﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬

‫•ﲤﺎﺭﻳﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﳌﺪﺭﺳﻲ‬

‫اﻟﺸﻌﺐ ‪:‬‬

‫‪AS‬‬
‫✓ﺗﻘﻨﻲ رﻳﺎﺿﻲ‬
‫✓رﻳﺎﺿﻴﺎت‬
 ‫‪education-onec-dz.blogspot.com‬‬

‫‪Z‬‬ ‫ﺗـﻤـﺎﺭﻳﻦ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﻓﻘﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ‬

‫ﻟﻠﺸﻌﺐ ‪ :‬ﺛﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﺗﻘﲏ ﺭﻳﺎﺿﻲ ‪ ،‬ﺭﻳﺎﺿﻴﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺍﻷ‬
‫ﺗﺬﻛﻴﺮ‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫ﺳﺘﺎﺫ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﺍﺋﻖ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬
‫‪n‬‬ ‫‪ (1‬ﻹﳚﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ ﺍﳌﻤﻜﻨﺔ ﻟـ )‪ d = PGC D(a; b‬؛ ﻧﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺑﲔ ‪ a; b‬ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻠﺔ ﻋﻦ‬

‫ﻣﺜﺎﻝ‬
‫‪ a = 2n + 3‬؛‬
‫‪b = 5n + 2‬‬
‫ﻧﻀﻊ ‪ d = PGC D(a; b) :‬؛ ‪ d /a; d /b‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ‪ d /5a − 2b‬ﺇﺫﻥ ‪ d /11‬ﻓﺎﻟﻘﻴﻢ ﺍﳌﻤﻜﻨﺔ ﻟـ ‪ d‬ﻫﻲ ‪ 1 :‬ﻭ ‪11‬‬
‫‪:‬ﻧ‬
‫‪ (2‬ﻹﳚﺎﺩﻗﻴﻢ ‪ n‬ﺍﻟﱵ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻠﻬﺎ ﻳﺄﺧﺬ ‪ d‬ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻧﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻓﻘﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺧﻮﺍﺻﻬﺎ‬
‫‪ (3‬ﻹﳚﺎﺩ ﻗﻴﻢ ‪ n‬ﳌﺎ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﱰﺩﻳﺪ ﳎﻬﻮﻻ ﻧﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻓﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ]ﺍﻟﱰﺩﻳﺪ[ ‪ ≡ 0‬ﻋﺪﺩ‬
‫ﺎﻋﻢ‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎﻝ‬
‫]‪n + 9 ≡ 0[n + 1‬‬ ‫ﺣﻞ ﰲ ‪ N‬ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫]‪ n + 9 ≡ 0[n + 1‬ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻩ ‪ 8 ≡ 0[n + 1] :‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ‪ n + 1/8 :‬ﺃﻱ ‪ n + 1 ∈ D 8‬ﺇﺫﻥ }‪n ∈ {0; 1; 3; 7‬‬
‫‪ (4‬ﺑﻮﺍﻗﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﺪﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﺪﺩ ‪ a n‬ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ b‬ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺩﻭﺭﻳﺔ ؛ ﺍﻱ ﺍﳖﺎ ﺗﻜﺮﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺟﻞ ﻗﻴﻢ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﺪﺩ ‪ n‬ﻭﲟﺎ ﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ‪ a 0‬ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ b‬ﻫﻮ ‪ 1‬؛ ﳓﺴﺐ ﺑﻮﺍﻗﻲ ﻗﺴﻤﺔ ‪ a n‬ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ b‬ﺣﺘﻰ ﳓﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﺪﺩ ‪ n‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﻗﺴﻤﺔ‬
‫‪ a n‬ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ b‬ﻫﻮ ‪ 1‬ﻭ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭ ﺣﻴﻨﺌﺬ ﻫﻮ ‪n‬‬
‫ﳏﻤﺪ‬

‫ﻣﺜﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺍﺩﺭﺱ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻗﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻲ ‪ n‬ﺑﻮﺍﻗﻲ ﻗﺴﻤﺔ ‪ 4n‬ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫‪7‬‬
‫]‪ 40 ≡ 1[7]; 41 ≡ 4[7]; 42 ≡ 2[7]; 43 ≡ 1[7‬ﺇﺫﻥ ]‪ 43k ≡ 1[7]; 43k+1 ≡ 4[7]; 43k+2 ≡ 2[7‬ﺣﻴﺚ ‪k ∈ N‬‬
‫‪ (5‬ﺣﻞ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ‪ax + b y = c :‬‬
‫ﺗﻘﺒﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺣﻼ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻭﻓﻘﻂ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ )‪ PGC D(a; b‬ﻳﻘﺴﻢ ‪c‬‬

‫‪1‬‬
 ‫ﻣﺜﺎﻝ‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ‪ 7x + 21y = 3‬ﻻ ﺗﻘﺒﻞ ﺣﻠﻮﻻ ﰲ ‪ Z‬ﻷﻥ ‪ PGC D(7; 21) = 7‬ﻻ ﻳﻘﺴﻢ‬
‫ﻹﳚﺎﺩ ﺍﳊﻞ ﺍﳋﺎﺹ ﻧﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﺧﻮﺍﺭﺯﻣﻴﺔ ُﺃﻗﻠﻴﺪﺱ‬

‫ﺍﻷ‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎﻝ‬
‫ﻟﻨﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺣﻞ ﺧﺎﺹ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ‬
‫‪27x + 22y = 1‬‬
‫‪ 27 = 22 + 5‬؛ ‪ 5 = 27 − 22‬؛ ‪ 22 = 4(5) + 2‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ )‪ 2 = 22 − 4(5‬؛ ‪ 5 = 2(2) + 1‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ )‪ 1 = 5 − 2(2‬؛‬

‫ﺳﺘﺎﺫ‬
‫)‪ 1 = 9(27 − 22) − 2(22‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ )‪ 1 = 27(9) + 22(−11‬ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﳊﻞ ﺍﳋﺎﺹ ﻫﻮ )‪(x 0 ; y 0 ) = (9; −11‬‬

‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ ﻫﺎﻣﺔ‬
‫ﺣﻞ ﺧﺎﺹ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ‬ ‫) ‪(nx 0 ; n y 0‬‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪ax + b y = c‬‬ ‫ﺣﻼ ﺧﺎﺻﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ‬ ‫) ‪(x 0 ; y 0‬‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﺜﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬
‫‪ax + b y = nc‬‬
‫‪ (6‬ﺣﻞ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﻤﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ )‪ P PC M(a; b‬ﻭ‬
‫)‪PGC D(a; b‬‬
‫ﳊﻞ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺸﺘﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ )‪ m = P PC M(a; b‬ﻭ )‪ d = PGC D(a; b‬ﻧﺘﺒﻊ ﺍﳋﻄﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫‪:‬ﻧ‬
‫⋆ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ‪ a‬ﻭ ‪ b‬ﺑﺪﻻﻟﺔ ‪ a ′‬ﻭ ‪ b ′‬ﺃﻱ )‪ d = PGC D(a; b‬ﺇﺫﻥ ‪ a = d a ′; b = d b ′‬ﺣﻴﺚ‬
‫‪PGC D(a ′ ; b ′ ) = 1‬‬

‫⋆ ﺇﳚﺎﺩ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺑﲔ ‪ m; d ; a ′ ; b ′‬ﺃﻱ ‪ m × d = a × b‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ‪m = d a ′ b ′‬‬

‫⋆ ﺗﻌﻴﲔ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ ﺍﳌﻤﻜﻨﺔ ﻟـ ‪ a ′‬ﻭ ‪ b ′‬ﻣﻊ ﻣﺮﺍﻋﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻁ ‪ PGC D(a ′ ; b ′ ) = 1‬ﺛﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﻗﻴﻢ ‪ a‬ﻭ ‪b‬‬
‫ﺎﻋﻢ‬
‫ﺗﻤﺎرﻳﻦ ﻧﻤﻮذﺟﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ‬
‫‪b = n2 + 2‬‬ ‫‪ a, b, n‬ﺃﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻴ‪‬ﺔ ﻏﲑ ﻣﻌﺪﻭﻣﺔ ﺣﻴﺚ ‪ a = 5n 2 + 7 :‬؛‬
‫‪ .1‬ﺑﻴ‪‬ﻦ ﺃ ‪‬ﻥ ﻛﻞ ﻗﺎﺳﻢ ﻣﺸﱰﻙ ﻟـ ‪ a‬ﻭ ‪ b‬ﻳﻘﺴﻢ ‪3‬‬
‫ﳏﻤﺪ‬

‫‪ .2‬ﺑﻴ‪‬ﻦ ﺃ ‪‬ﻥ ‪ PGC D(a; b) = 3 :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻭ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ]‪n 2 ≡ 1[3‬‬
‫‪ .3‬ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺘﺞ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻗﻴﻢ ‪PGC D(a; b) n‬‬
‫]‪[1‬‬ ‫‪ u‬ﺍﻟﺤﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺼﻞ ▼أﻧﻘﺮ ﻫﻨﺎ‬

‫‪2‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻋﲔ ﺍﻟﺜﻨﺎﺋﻴﺎﺕ )‪ (a; b‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲢﻘﻖ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪ a × b = 360‬‬
‫‪/1‬‬
‫‪ PGC D(a; b) = 6‬‬

‫‪2‬‬
 ‫‪‬‬
‫‪ P PC M(a; b) = 90‬‬
‫‪/2‬‬
‫‪ PGC D(a; b) = 18‬‬
‫‪a Éb‬‬ ‫‪ P PC M(a; b) − 9PGC D(a; b) = 13 /3‬ﻣﻊ‬
‫]‪[2‬‬ ‫‪ u‬ﺍﻟﺤﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺼﻞ ▼أﻧﻘﺮ ﻫﻨﺎ‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ‬

‫ﺍﻷ‬
‫‪ /1‬ﺣﻞ ﰲ ‪ Z2‬ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫)‪9x − 7y = 3 . . . (1‬‬
‫‪ /2‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﺜﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ )‪ (x; y‬ﺣﻼ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ )‪ (1‬ﻋﲔ ﻗﻴﻢ )‪PGC D(x; y‬‬
‫‪‬‬

‫ﺳﺘﺎﺫ‬
‫‪ m = 1242‬‬
‫)‪m = P PC M(a; b‬‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬ ‫‪ d =3‬‬
‫‪ /3‬ﻋﲔ ﺍﻟﺜﻨﺎﺋﻴﺎﺕ )‪ (x; y‬ﺣﻠﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ )‪ (1‬ﺍﻟﱵ ﲢﻘﻖ ‪:‬‬
‫)‪d = PGC D(a; b‬‬ ‫ﻭ‬
‫]‪[3‬‬ ‫▼أﻧﻘﺮ ﻫﻨﺎ‬ ‫‪ u‬ﺍﻟﺤﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺼﻞ‬

‫‪4‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ‬
‫‪b = 2n 2 + n‬‬‫‪ a; b; n‬ﺃﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﺣﻴﺚ‪ a = 2n 3 + 5n 2 + 4n + 1 :‬؛‬
‫‪ /1‬ﺑﲔ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ‪ 2n + 1‬ﻗﺎﺳﻢ ﻣﺸﱰﻙ ﻟﻠﻌﺪﺩﻳﻦ ‪ a‬ﻭ ‪b‬‬
‫‪:‬ﻧ‬
‫‪ /2‬ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻣﱪﻫﻨﺔ ﺑﻴﺰﻭ ﺑﲔ ﺃﻥ ‪ PGC D(n; n + 1) = 1 :‬ﻭ ]‪PGC D[n; (n + 1)2 = 1‬‬
‫‪ /3‬ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺘﺞ )‪PGC D(a; b‬‬
‫]‪[4‬‬ ‫‪ u‬ﺍﻟﺤﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺼﻞ ▼أﻧﻘﺮ ﻫﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺎﻋﻢ‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ‬
‫‪ /1‬ﺑﲔ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ‪ 251‬ﺃﻭﱄ‬
‫‪ /2‬ﺣﻠﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ‪ 2008‬ﺇﱃ ﺟﺪﺍء ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺘﺞ ﺍﻷﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻣﻜﻌﺐ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻳﻘﺴﻢ ‪2008‬‬

‫‪ /3‬ﻋﲔ ﺍﻷﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ‪ a; b‬ﲝﻴﺚ ‪ m 3 + 35d 3 = 2008 :‬ﻋﻠﻤﺎ ﺍﻥ )‪ d = PGC D(a; b‬ﻭ )‪m = P PC M(a; b‬‬
‫‪ u‬ﺍﻟﺤﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺼﻞ ▼أﻧﻘﺮ ﻫﻨﺎ‬
‫ﳏﻤﺪ‬

‫]‪[5‬‬

‫‪6‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ‬
‫‪ a; b; n‬ﺃﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﻏﲑ ﻣﻌﺪﻭﻣﺔ ﺣﻴﺚ ‪ a = 11n + 3 :‬ﻭ‬
‫‪b = 13n − 1‬‬
‫‪ /1‬ﺑﲔ ﺃﻥ ﻛﻞ ﻗﺎﺳﻢ ﻣﺸﱰﻙ ﻟﻠﻌﺪﺩﻳﻦ ‪ a‬ﻭ ‪ b‬ﻳﻘﺴﻢ ‪50‬‬

‫‪ /2‬ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺧﻮﺍﺭﺯﻣﻴﺔ ﺃﻗﻠﻴﺪﺱ ﻋﲔ ﺣﻼ ﺧﺎﺻﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ‪ 50x −11y = 1 :‬؛ ﺛﻢ ﺣﻞ ﰲ ‪ Z‬ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ‪50x −11y = 3 :‬‬

‫‪ /3‬ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺘﺞ ﻗﻴﻢ ‪ n‬ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻠﻬﺎ ‪PGC D(a; b) = 50‬‬

‫‪ /3‬ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺘﺞ ﻗﻴﻢ ‪ n‬ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻠﻬﺎ ‪PGC D(a; b) = 25‬‬

‫]‪[6‬‬ ‫‪ u‬ﺍﻟﺤﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺼﻞ ▼أﻧﻘﺮ ﻫﻨﺎ‬

‫‪education-onec-dz.blogspot.com‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
 ‫‪7‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻧﻌﺘﱪ ﰲ ‪ Z2‬ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ‬
‫)‪7x + 13y = 119 . . . (1‬‬

‫‪ .1‬ﺑﲔ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ )‪ (x; y‬ﺣﻼ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ )‪ (1‬ﻓﺈﻥ ‪ y‬ﻣﻀﺎﻋﻒ ﻟﻠﻌﺪﺩ ‪ 7‬؛ ﺛﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺘﺞ ﺣﻠﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ )‪(1‬‬

‫ﺍﻷ‬
‫‪ .2‬ﻋﲔ ﺍﻷﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳌﻌﺪﻭﻣﺔ ‪ α; β; γ‬ﺣﻴﺚ ‪αγ1 + 1β3β = 32γα‬‬
‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬

‫]‪[7‬‬ ‫‪ u‬ﺍﻟﺤﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺼﻞ ▼أﻧﻘﺮ ﻫﻨﺎ‬

‫ﺳﺘﺎﺫ‬
‫‪8‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ‬
‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪ .1‬ﺃﺩﺭﺱ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻗﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻲ ‪ n‬ﺑﻮﺍﻗﻲ ﻗﺴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ‪ 8n‬ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫‪ .2‬ﻣﺎﻫﻮ ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﻗﺴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻳﻦ ‪ 2192‬ﻭ ‪ 8341‬ﻋﻠﻰ ‪10‬‬

‫‪ .3‬ﺑﲔ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺟﻞ ﻛﻞ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻏﲑ ﻣﻌﺪﻭﻡ ‪3 × 84n + 212n+9 ≡ 0[10] : n‬‬
‫]‪[8‬‬ ‫‪ u‬ﺍﻟﺤﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺼﻞ ▼أﻧﻘﺮ ﻫﻨﺎ‬

‫‪9‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ‬
‫‪:‬ﻧ‬
‫‪7‬‬‫‪ .1‬ﺃﺩﺭﺱ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻗﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻲ ‪ n‬ﺑﻮﺍﻗﻲ ﻗﺴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ‪ 5n‬ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫‪ .2‬ﺃﺛﺒﺖ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﻛﻞ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ‪196n+3 + 266n+4 + 546n+1 + 1 ≡ 0[7] : n‬‬
‫‪ .3‬ﻋﲔ ﻗﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻲ ‪ n‬ﺣﻴﺚ ‪196n+3 + 266n+4 + 4n 2 + 4 ≡ 0[7] :‬‬
‫ﺎﻋﻢ‬
‫]‪[9‬‬ ‫‪ u‬ﺍﻟﺤﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺼﻞ ▼أﻧﻘﺮ ﻫﻨﺎ‬

‫‪10‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻧﻌﺘﱪ ﰲ ‪ Z2‬ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫)‪5x − 3y = 2 . . . (1‬‬

‫‪ .1‬ﺑﲔ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ )‪ (1‬ﺗﻘﺒﻞ ﺣﻼ‬

‫‪ .2‬ﺃﺛﺒﺖ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﺜﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ )‪ (x; y‬ﺣﻼ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ )‪ (1‬ﻓﺈﻥ ‪x ≡ 1[3] :‬‬
‫ﳏﻤﺪ‬

‫‪ .3‬ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺘﺞ ﺣﻠﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ )‪(1‬‬

‫‪ .4‬ﺃ( ﺑﲔ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﺜﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ )‪ (x; y‬ﺣﻼ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ )‪ (1‬ﻓﺈﻥ ‪PGC D(x; y) = PGC D(x; 2) :‬‬
‫ﺏ( ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺘﺞ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ ﺍﳌﻤﻜﻨﺔ ﻟـ )‪PGC D(x; y‬‬

‫ﺟـ( ﻋﲔ ﺍﻟﺜﻨﺎﺋﻴﺎﺕ )‪ (x; y‬ﺣﻠﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ )‪ (1‬ﺍﻟﱵ ﲢﻘﻖ ‪PGC D(x; y) = 2 :‬‬
‫]‪[10‬‬ ‫‪ u‬ﺍﻟﺤﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺼﻞ ▼أﻧﻘﺮ ﻫﻨﺎ‬

‫‪11‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺣﺎﻓﻠﺔ ﺻﻐﲑﺓ ﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻓﺮﻳﻦ ﲠﺎ ‪ 16‬ﺭﺍﻛﺒﺎ ﻣﺼﻨﻔﻮﻥ ﺇﱃ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺃﺻﻨﺎﻑ ‪ :‬ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺩﻓﻌﺖ ‪ 20‬ﺩﺝ )ﺻﻨﻒ ‪ (a‬ﻭ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬
‫ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﺩﻓﻌﺖ ‪ 15‬ﺩﺝ )ﺻﻨﻒ ‪ (b‬؛ ﺃﻣﺎ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﻓﻠﻢ ﺗﺪﻓﻊ ﺷﻴﺌﺎ )ﺻﻨﻒ ‪ (c‬؛ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻋﻠﻤﺖ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺒﻠﻎ ﺍﻹﲨﺎﱄ‬

‫‪4‬‬
 ‫ﺍﳌﺪﻓﻮﻉ ﻫﻮ ‪ 285‬ﺩﺝ ؛ ﺃﺣﺴﺐ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﺎﺏ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻞ ﺻﻨﻒ‬
‫]‪[11‬‬ ‫‪ u‬ﺍﻟﺤﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺼﻞ ▼أﻧﻘﺮ ﻫﻨﺎ‬

‫‪12‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ‬
‫]‪7x ≡ −19[9‬‬‫‪ .1‬ﻋﲔ ﺍﻷﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ ‪ x‬ﺣﻴﺚ ‪:‬‬

‫ﺍﻷ‬
‫‪ .2‬ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺘﺞ ﰲ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺍﻷﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ ﺣﻠﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ‪7x − 9y = −19 . . . (1) :‬‬

‫‪ .3‬ﻣﻦ ﺑﲔ ﺣﻠﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ )‪ (1‬ﻋﲔ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲢﻘﻖ ‪x ≡ 0[y] :‬‬

‫‪ .4‬ﻧﻌﺘﱪ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻲ ‪ n‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳ‪‬ﻜﺘﺐ ‪ 2α57‬ﰲ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺪ ﺫﻱ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺱ ‪ 7‬؛ ﻭ ﻳ‪‬ﻜﺘﺐ ‪ 1β39‬ﰲ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺪ ﺫﻱ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺱ‬

‫ﺳﺘﺎﺫ‬
‫‪9‬‬
‫‪ Î‬ﻋﲔ ‪ α‬ﻭ ‪ β‬؛ ﺛﻢ ﺃﻛﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ‪ n‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺮﻱ‬
‫]‪[12‬‬ ‫‪ u‬ﺍﻟﺤﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺼﻞ ▼أﻧﻘﺮ ﻫﻨﺎ‬

‫ﺗﻤﺎرﻳﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻜﺎﻟﻮرﻳﺎت ﺳﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬

‫‪3‬‬
‫‪:‬ﻧ‬
‫‪13‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ‬
‫‪11x + 7y = 1‬‬ ‫‪ x‬ﻭ ‪ y‬ﻋﺪﺩﺍﻥ ﺻﺤﻴﺤﺎﻥ ﻭ ) ‪ (E‬ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍ‪‬ﻬﻮﻝ )‪ (x; y‬ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ .1‬ﺃ( ﻋﲔ ) ‪ (x 0 ; y 0‬ﺣﻞ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ) ‪ (E‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﳛﻘﻖ ‪x 0 + y 0 = −1 :‬‬
‫ﺎﻋﻢ‬
‫ﺏ( ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺘﺞ ﺣﻠﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ) ‪(E‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪ S = 11a + 1‬‬
‫‪ S = 7b + 2‬‬
‫‪ a .2‬ﻭ ‪ b‬ﻋﺪﺩﺍﻥ ﺻﺤﻴﺤﺎﻥ ﻭ ‪ S‬ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﳛﻘﻖ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺃ( ﺑﲔ ﺃﻥ )‪ (a; −b‬ﺣﻞ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ‬
‫) ‪(E‬‬
‫ﺏ( ﻣﺎﻫﻮ ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﺪﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﺪﺩ ‪ S‬ﻋﻠﻰ ‪77‬‬
‫‪ n .3‬ﻋﺪﺩ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ 11‬ﻫﻮ ‪ 1‬ﻭ ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ 7‬ﻫﻮ ‪2‬‬
‫ﳏﻤﺪ‬

‫‪ -‬ﻋﲔ ﺃﻛﱪ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﺪﺩ ‪ n‬ﺣﺘﻰ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ‪n < 2013‬‬

‫]‪[13‬‬ ‫‪ u‬ﺍﻟﺤﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺼﻞ ▼أﻧﻘﺮ ﻫﻨﺎ‬

‫‪14‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ‬
‫‪ (1‬ﺃ( ﻋﲔ ﺍﻷﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ‪ n‬ﺍﻟﱵ ﲢﻘﻖ ‪:‬‬
‫]‪2n + 27 ≡ 0[n + 1‬‬

‫ﺏ( ﻋﲔ ﺍﻟﺜﻨﺎﺋﻴﺎﺕ )‪ (a; b‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﺣﻴﺚ ‪(b − a)(b + a) = 24 :‬‬
‫‪p‬‬
‫ﺟـ( ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺘﺞ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻟﺮﺳﻢ ﻗﻄﻌﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﻃﻮﳍﺎ ‪24‬‬

‫‪ α (2‬ﻭ ‪ β‬ﻋﺪﺩﺍﻥ ﺻﺤﻴﺤﺎﻥ ﻣﻜﺘﻮﺑﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺫﻱ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺱ ﲬﺴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪ α = 10141‬؛ ‪β = 3403‬‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫ﺃ( ﺃﻛﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻳﻦ ‪ α‬ﻭ ‪ β‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺮﻱ‬

‫‪5‬‬
 ‫‪education-onec-dz.blogspot.com‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪ b 2 − a 2 = 24‬‬
‫‪ αa − βb = 9‬‬
‫ﺏ( ﻋﲔ ﺍﻟﺜﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ )‪ (a; b‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﺣﻴﺚ ‪:‬‬
‫‪478‬‬ ‫‪ (3‬ﺃ( ﻋﲔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ ﺍﳌﺸﱰﻙ ﺍﻷﻛﱪ ﻟﻠﻌﺪﺩﻳﻦ ‪ 2013‬ﻭ ‪ 1434‬؛ ﺛﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺘﺞ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ ﺍﳌﺸﱰﻙ ﺍﻷﻛﱪ ﻟﻠﻌﺪﺩﻳﻦ ‪ 671‬ﻭ‬
‫ﺏ( ﺣﻞ ﰲ ‪ Z2‬ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍ‪‬ﻬﻮﻝ )‪ (x; y‬ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪2013x − 1434y = 27 :‬‬
‫]‪[14‬‬ ‫‪ u‬ﺍﻟﺤﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺼﻞ ▼أﻧﻘﺮ ﻫﻨﺎ‬

‫ﺍﻷ‬
‫‪15‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺍﺟﺐ ﺑﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺃﻭ ﺧﻄﺄ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﱪﻳﺮ‬

‫ﺳﺘﺎﺫ‬
‫‪ .1‬ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ‪ 21x + 14y = 40‬ﻻ ﺗﻘﺒﻞ ﺣﻠﻮﻻ ﰲ ‪Z2‬‬

‫‪ .2‬ﰲ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺫﻱ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺱ ‪ 7‬ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ‪3421 + 1562 = 5413‬‬

‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬

‫‪ .3‬ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﺪﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﺪﺩ ‪ 1 + 3 + . . . + 32011‬ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ 7‬ﻫﻮ ‪6‬‬

‫]‪[15‬‬ ‫‪ u‬ﺍﻟﺤﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺼﻞ ▼أﻧﻘﺮ ﻫﻨﺎ‬

‫‪16‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ‬
‫‪β = n +3‬‬ ‫‪ n .1‬ﻋﺪﺩ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ؛ ﻧﻌﺘﱪ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﲔ ‪ α‬ﻭ ‪ β‬ﺣﻴﺚ ‪ α = 2n 3 − 14n + 2 :‬ﻭ‬
‫‪:‬ﻧ‬
‫ﺃ( ﺑﲔ ﺃﻥ ‪PGC D(α; β) = PGC D(β; 10) :‬‬
‫ﺏ( ﻣﺎﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ ﺍﳌﻤﻜﻨﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﺪﺩ )‪PGC D(β; 10‬‬

‫ﺟـ( ﻋﲔ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻗﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻲ ‪ n‬ﲝﻴﺚ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ‪PGC D(α; β) = 5 :‬‬
‫ﺎﻋﻢ‬
‫‪ .2‬ﺃ( ﺃﺩﺭﺱ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻗﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻲ ‪ n‬ﺑﻮﺍﻗﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﺪﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﺪﺩ ‪ 4n‬ﻋﻠﻰ ‪11‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫]‪ 45n + 4n + n ≡ 0[11‬‬
‫]‪ n ≡ 2[10‬‬
‫ﺏ( ﻋﲔ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻗﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻲ ‪ n‬ﺍﻟﱵ ﲢﻘﻖ ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫]‪[16‬‬ ‫▼أﻧﻘﺮ ﻫﻨﺎ‬ ‫‪ u‬ﺍﻟﺤﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺼﻞ‬

‫‪17‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ‬
‫‪‬‬
‫ﳏﻤﺪ‬

‫]‪ x ≡ 3[15‬‬
‫ﺣﻴﺚ ‪ x‬ﻋﺪﺩ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫]‪ x ≡ 6[7‬‬
‫ﻧﺴﻤﻲ )‪ (S‬ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ‪:‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫)‪(S‬‬ ‫‪ /1‬ﺑﲔ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ‪ 153‬ﺣﻞ ﻟﻠﺠﻤﻠﺔ‬
‫]‪ x − x ≡ 0[15‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫]‪ x − x ≡ 0[7‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪ /2‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ‪ x0‬ﺣﻼ ﻟـ )‪ (S‬؛ ﺑﲔ ﺃﻥ ‪ x ) :‬ﺣﻞ ﻟـ )‪ ((S‬ﻳﻜﺎﻓﺊ‬
‫‪0‬‬

‫‪ /3‬ﺣﻞ ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬
‫)‪(S‬‬
‫‪ /4‬ﻳﺮﻳﺪ ﻣﻜﺘﱯ ﻭﺿﻊ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ ﰲ ﻋﻠﺐ ؛ ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﺒﺎ ﺗﺘﺴﻊ ﻟـ ‪ 15‬ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺑﻘﻲ ﻟﺪﻳﻪ ‪ 3‬ﻛﺘﺐ ؛ ﻭ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﻞ‬
‫ﻋﻠﺒﺎ ﺗﺘﺴﻊ ﻟـ ‪ 7‬ﻛﺘﺐ ﺑﻘﻲ ﻟﺪﻳﻪ ‪ 6‬ﻛﺘﺐ ؛ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻋﻠﻤﺖ ﺃ ‪‬ﻥ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ ﳏﺼﻮﺭ ﺑﲔ ‪ 500‬ﻭ ‪ 600‬ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ؛ ﻣﺎﻫﻮ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻫﺬﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ ؟‬
‫]‪[17‬‬ ‫‪ u‬ﺍﻟﺤﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺼﻞ ▼أﻧﻘﺮ ﻫﻨﺎ‬

‫‪6‬‬
 ‫‪18‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻧﻌﺘﱪ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ‪ 13x − 7y = −1 . . . (E ) :‬؛ ﺣﻴﺚ ‪ x; y‬ﻋﺪﺩﺍﻥ ﺻﺤﻴﺤﺎﻥ‬
‫‪ (1‬ﺣﻞ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ) ‪(E‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫]‪ a ≡ −1[7‬‬

‫ﺍﻷ‬
‫]‪ a ≡ 0[13‬‬
‫‪ (2‬ﻋﲔ ﺍﻷﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﻴﺔ ‪ a‬ﺣﻴﺚ ‪:‬‬
‫‪13‬‬‫‪ (3‬ﺃﺩﺭﺱ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻗﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻲ ‪ n‬ﺑﻮﺍﻗﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﺪﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﺪﺩ ‪ 9n‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ‪ 7‬ﻭ‬

‫ﺳﺘﺎﺫ‬
‫‪ (4‬ﻟﻴﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻲ ‪ b‬ﺍﳌﻜﺘﻮﺏ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺫﻱ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺱ ‪ 9‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ‪ α00β0869 :‬ﺣﻴﺚ ‪ α‬ﻭ ‪ β‬ﻋﺪﺩﺍﻥ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻴﺎﻥ‬
‫؛ ‪α ̸= 0‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻋﲔ ‪ α‬ﻭ ‪ β‬ﺣﺘﻰ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ‪ b‬ﻗﺎﺑﻼ ﻟﻠﻘﺴﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪91‬‬
‫]‪[18‬‬ ‫‪ u‬ﺍﻟﺤﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺼﻞ ▼أﻧﻘﺮ ﻫﻨﺎ‬

‫‪19‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ‬
‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪ (1‬ﺃ( ﻋﲔ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻗﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻲ ‪ n‬ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﺪﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﺪﺩ ‪ 8n‬ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺏ( ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺘﺞ ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﺪﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﺪﺩ ‪ 42 × 1382015 + 20142037 − 3‬ﻋﻠﻰ ‪13‬‬
‫‪:‬ﻧ‬
‫‪ (2‬ﺃ( ﺑﲔ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﻛﻞ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ‪ n‬؛ ]‪(5n + 1) × 64n − 52n+3 ≡ (5n + 6)82n [13‬‬

‫]‪[19‬‬ ‫ﺏ( ﻋﲔ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻗﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻲ ‪ n‬ﺣﺘﻰ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ‪(5n + 1) × 64n − 52n+3 ≡ 0[13] :‬‬
‫ﺎﻋﻢ‬
‫‪20‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ‬
‫‪n ∈N‬‬ ‫‪ /1‬ﺃ( ﺃﻧﺸﺮ )‪ (n + 3)(3n 2 − 9n + 16‬ﺣﻴﺚ‬
‫ﻛﻞ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ‪ n‬؛ ‪ 3n 3 − 11n + 48‬ﻳﻘﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪n + 3‬‬‫‪ Î‬ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺘﺞ ﺃﻧّﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ّ‬
‫ﻛﻞ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ‪ n‬؛ ‪ 3n 2 − 9n + 16‬ﻫﻮ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻏﲑ ﻣﻌﺪﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺏ( ﺑﺮﻫﻦ ﺃﻧّﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ّ‬
‫ﻛﻞ ﺍﻷﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴ‪‬ﺔ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳌﻌﺪﻭﻣﺔ ‪ a; b; c‬ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ‪PGC D(a; b) = PGC D(bc − a; b) :‬‬ ‫‪ /2‬ﺑﺮﻫﻦ ﺃﻧّﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ّ‬
‫ﳏﻤﺪ‬

‫ﻛﻞ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ‪ n‬ﺃﻛﱪ ﺃﻭ ﻳﺴﺎﻭﻱ ‪PGC D(3n 3 − 11n; n + 3) = PGC D(48; n + 3) : 2‬‬ ‫‪ /3‬ﺑﺮﻫﻦ ﺃﻧّﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ّ‬
‫‪ /4‬ﺃ( ﻋﻴ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴ‪‬ﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﺪﺩ ‪48‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻴﺎ‬
‫ً‬ ‫‪ A = 3nn −+11n‬ﻋﺪﺩ ًﺍ‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫ﺏ( ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺘﺞ ﺍﻷﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴ‪‬ﺔ ‪ n‬ﲝﻴﺚ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺴﺮ‬
‫]‪[20‬‬ ‫‪ u‬ﺍﻟﺤﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺼﻞ ▼أﻧﻘﺮ ﻫﻨﺎ‬

‫‪21‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ‬
‫‪7‬‬‫‪ (1‬ﺃ( ﻋﲔ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻗﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻲ ‪ n‬ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﺪﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﺪﺩ ‪ 2n‬ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺏ( ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺘﺞ ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﺪﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﺪﺩ ] ‪ [19621954 − 19541962 + 201553‬ﻋﻠﻰ ‪7‬‬

‫‪7‬‬
 ‫‪ (2‬ﺃ( ﺑﲔ ﺃﻥ ‪ 89‬ﻋﺪﺩ ﺃ ‪‬ﻭﱄ‬
‫ﺏ( ﻋﲔ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﺪﺩ ‪7832‬‬

‫ﺟـ( ﺑﲔ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻳﻦ ‪ 981‬ﻭ ‪ 977‬ﺃ ‪‬ﻭﻟﻴﺎﻥ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‬

‫‪ x (3‬ﻭ ‪ y‬ﻋﺪﺩﺍﻥ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻴﺎﻥ ﻏﲑ ﻣﻌﺪﻭﻣﲔ ﻗﺎﲰﺎﳘﺎ ﺍﳌﺸﱰﻙ ﻫﻮ ‪2‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪ x 2 − y 2 = 31328‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻋﲔ ‪ x‬ﻭ ‪ y‬ﻋﻠﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ‪:‬‬

‫ﺍﻷ‬
‫]‪ x − y ≡ 8[22‬‬

‫‪c‬‬ ‫‪ a, b, c‬ﺃﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﻏﲑ ﻣﻌﺪﻭﻣﺔ ﺣﻴﺚ ‪ a‬ﺃ ‪‬ﻭﱄ ﻣﻊ ‪ b‬ﻭ ‪ a‬ﺃ ‪‬ﻭﱄ ﻣﻊ‬ ‫‪(4‬‬

‫‪b ×c‬‬ ‫ﺃ( ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﻣﱪﻫﻨﺔ ﺑﻴﺰﻭ ؛ ﺑﺮﻫﻦ ﺃﻥ ‪ a‬ﺃ ‪‬ﻭﱄ ﻣﻊ‬

‫ﺳﺘﺎﺫ‬
‫ﺏ( ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻹﺳﺘﺪﻻﻝ ﺑﺎﻟﱰﺍﺟﻊ ؛ ﺃﺛﺒﺖ ﺃﻧّﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﻛﻞ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ‪ n‬ﻏﲑ ﻣﻌﺪﻭﻡ ﻓﺈﻥ ‪:‬‬
‫‪PGC D(a; b n ) = 1‬‬
‫‪19541962‬‬ ‫ﺟـ( ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺘﺞ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ ﺍﳌﺸﱰﻙ ﺍﻷﻛﱪ ﻟﻠﻌﺪﺩﻳﻦ ‪ 19621954‬ﻭ‬
‫]‪[21‬‬ ‫‪ u‬ﺍﻟﺤﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺼﻞ ▼أﻧﻘﺮ ﻫﻨﺎ‬

‫ﺗﻤﺎرﻳﻦ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﺘﺎب اﻟﻤﺪرﺳﻲ‬

‫‪4‬‬
‫‪:‬ﻧ‬
‫‪22‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ ‪ 54‬ﺻﻔﺤﺔ‬
‫‬ ‫‬
‫‪59‬‬
‫ﺎﻋﻢ‬
‫
‬ ‫ ‬
‫‪0‬‬‫‪ /1‬ﺑﺮﻫﻦ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﻛﻞ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ‪ ، n‬ﺭﻗﻢ ﺁﺣﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ‪ n − n‬ﻫﻮ‬
‫‪5‬‬

‫‪ /2‬ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺘﺞ ﺃﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﻛﻞ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻏﲑ ﻣﻌﺪﻭﻡ ‪ p‬ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻳﻦ ‪ n p+1‬ﻭ ‪ n p+5‬ﳍﻤﺎ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺭﻗﻢ ﺍﻵﺣﺎﺩ‬
‫]‪[22‬‬ ‫‪ u‬ﺍﻟﺤﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺼﻞ ▼أﻧﻘﺮ ﻫﻨﺎ‬

‫‪23‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ ‪ 55‬ﺻﻔﺤﺔ‬
‫‬ ‫‬
‫ﳏﻤﺪ‬

‫‪59‬‬
‫
‬ ‫ ‬
‫‪14‬‬ ‫‪ n‬ﻳﻘﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫‪7‬‬
‫‪−n‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻫﻦ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﻛﻞ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ‪ n‬ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬
‫]‪[23‬‬ ‫‪ u‬ﺍﻟﺤﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺼﻞ ▼أﻧﻘﺮ ﻫﻨﺎ‬

‫‪24‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ ‪ 96‬ﺻﻔﺤﺔ‬
‫‬ ‫‬
‫‪62‬‬
‫
‬ ‫ ‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪Sn = 1 + 2 + 3 + . . . + n‬‬ ‫‪ /1‬ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﻛﻞ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻏﲑ ﻣﻌﺪﻭﻡ ‪ n‬ﻧﻀﻊ ‪:‬‬
‫‪3‬‬

‫ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ‪ PGC D(a, b) = 1 :‬ﻳﻜﺎﻓﺊ ‪PGC D(a 2 ; b 2 ) = 1‬‬

‫‪8‬‬
 ‫(‬ ‫‪)2‬‬
‫)‪n(n + 1‬‬
‫= ‪Sn‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪ /1‬ﺑﺮﻫﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﱰﺍﺟﻊ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﻛﻞ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻏﲑ ﻣﻌﺪﻭﻡ ‪: n‬‬
‫‪ /2‬ﲢﻘﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ ‪:‬‬
‫‪PGC D(k; k + 1) = 1‬‬
‫‪ Î‬ﺑﺮﻫﻦ ﺃﻥ‪ PGC D(S 2k ; S 2k+1) = (2k + 1)2 :‬ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ‪ k‬ﻋﺪﺩ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻏﲑ ﻣﻌﺪﻭﻡ‬
‫‪ /3‬ﻋﲔ )‪ PGC D(2k + 1; 2k + 3‬ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ‪ k‬ﻋﺪﺩ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ‬
‫‪ /4‬ﺃﺣﺴﺐ ) ‪ PGC D(S 2k+1 ; S 2k+2‬ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ‪k ∈ N‬‬

‫ﺍﻷ‬
‫]‪[24‬‬ ‫‪ Î‬ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺘﺞ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻗﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻲ ) ‪PGC D(S n ; S n+1‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ‬

‫ﺳﺘﺎﺫ‬
‫‪25‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ ‪ 99‬ﺻﻔﺤﺔ‬
‫‬ ‫‬
‫‪63‬‬
‫
‬ ‫ ‬
‫‪p‬‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻮﻝ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻲ ‪ p‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﺃﻭﱄ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻗﺎﲰﲔ ﺑﺎﻟﻀﺒﻂ ﳘﺎ ‪ 1‬ﻭ‬
‫ﻧﻌﺘﱪ ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻋﺔ ⋆‪ ، N‬ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ‪ E‬ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍ‪‬ﻬﻮﻟﲔ ‪ x‬ﻭ ‪ y‬ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ‪ x 2 + y 2 = p 2 :‬ﺣﻴﺚ ‪ p‬ﺃﻭﱄ‬
‫‪ /1‬ﻧﻀﻊ ‪ p = 2‬ﺑﲔ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ‪ E‬ﻻ ﺗﻘﺒﻞ ﺣﻠﻮﻝ‬
‫‪ /2‬ﻧﻔﺮﺽ ﺃﻥ ‪ p ̸= 2‬ﻭ )‪ (x; y‬ﺣﻞ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ‬
‫‪E‬‬
‫ﺃ ـ ﺑﺮﻫﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻳﻦ ‪ x‬ﻭ ‪ y‬ﺃﺣﺪﳘﺎ ﺯﻭﺟﻲ ﻭﺍﻵﺧﺮ ﻓﺮﺩﻱ‬
‫‪:‬ﻧ‬
‫ﺏ ـ ﺑﺮﻫﻦ ﺃﻥ ‪ p‬ﻻ ﻳﻘﺴﻢ ‪ x‬ﻭﻻ ‪y‬‬

‫ﺟـ ـ ﺑﺮﻫﻦ ﺃﻥ ) ‪ PGC D(x 2 ; y 2‬ﻳﻘﺴﻢ ‪p 2‬‬

‫ﺩ ـ ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺘﺞ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻳﻦ ‪ x‬ﻭ ‪ y‬ﺃﻭﻟﻴﺎﻥ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‬

‫ﺎﻋﻢ‬
‫‪ /3‬ﻧﻔﺮﺽ ﺃﻥ ‪ p‬ﻫﻮ ﳎﻤﻮﻉ ﻣﺮﺑﻌﲔ ﺗﺎﻣﲔ ﻏﲑ ﻣﻌﺪﻭﻣﲔ ﺃﻱ ‪ p = u 2 + v 2‬ﻣﻊ ‪ u‬ﻭ ‪ v‬ﻋﺪﺩﻳﻦ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻴﲔ ﻏﲑ ﻣﻌﺪﻭﻣﲔ‬
‫ﺃ ـ ﲢﻘﻖ ﺃﻥ ) ‪ (|u 2 − v 2|; 2uv‬ﻫﻲ ﺣﻞ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ‬
‫‪E‬‬

‫ﺏ ـ ﺃﻋﻂ ﺣﻼ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ‪ E‬ﰲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ‪ P = 5‬ﺛﻢ ﰲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ‪p = 13‬‬

‫‪ /4‬ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺘﲔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺘﲔ ﺑﲔ ﺃﻥ ‪ p‬ﻟﻴﺲ ﳎﻤﻮﻉ ﻣﺮﺑﻌﲔ ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ‪ E‬ﻻ ﺗﻘﺒﻞ ﺣﻠﻮﻝ‬
‫ﺃ ـ ‪ . p =3‬ﺏ ـ ‪p =7‬‬
‫ﳏﻤﺪ‬

‫]‪[25‬‬ ‫‪ u‬ﺍﻟﺤﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺼﻞ ▼أﻧﻘﺮ ﻫﻨﺎ‬

‫‪26‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ ‪ 32‬ﺻﻔﺤﺔ‬
‫‬ ‫‬
‫‪79‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫
‬ ‫ ‬
‫]‪ 2x ≡ 2[4‬‬ ‫]‪ x ≡ 3[5‬‬
‫]‪ 4x ≡ 1[3‬‬
‫‪ .‬ﺏـ‬ ‫]‪ x ≡ 1[6‬‬
‫ﺣﻞ ﰲ ‪ Z‬ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺘﲔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺘﲔ ‪ :‬ﺃ ـ‬
‫]‪[26‬‬ ‫▼أﻧﻘﺮ ﻫﻨﺎ‬ ‫‪ u‬ﺍﻟﺤﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺼﻞ‬

‫‪9‬‬
 ‫‪27‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ ‪ 93‬ﺻﻔﺤﺔ‬
‫‬ ‫‬
‫‪83‬‬
‫
‬ ‫ ‬
‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪ /1‬ﺃﺩﺭﺱ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻗﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻲ ‪ n‬ﺑﻮﺍﻗﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻤﺔ ﺍﻷﻗﻠﻴﺪﻳﺔ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻳﻦ ‪ 3‬ﻭ ‪ 4‬ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫‪n‬‬ ‫‪n‬‬

‫‪ /2‬ﺑﺮﻫﻦ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﻛﻞ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ‪ n‬ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ‪ 2 × 20063n+2 + 14246n+1‬ﻗﺎﺑﻼ ﻟﻠﻘﺴﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪7‬‬

‫ﺍﻷ‬
‫‪ /3‬ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﻛﻞ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ‪ n‬ﻧﻀﻊ ‪Un = 2 × 3n + 3 × 4n :‬‬

‫‪S n = U0 +U1 +U2 + . . . +Un‬‬ ‫◁ ـ ﺃﺣﺴﺐ ﺑﺪﻻﻟﺔ ‪ n‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ‬

‫‪ S n‬ﻗﺎﺑﻼ ﻟﻠﻘﺴﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ 7‬؟‬ ‫ـ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﻗﻴ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﻷﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ‪ n‬ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻠﻬﺎ‬

‫ﺳﺘﺎﺫ‬
‫]‪[27‬‬

‫ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻦ ﺣﻮل اﻟﺘﺸﻔﻴﺮ‬

‫‪5‬‬
‫‪28‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻧﻌ ‪‬ﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺘّﺸﻔﲑ ﺍﻟﺘﺂﻟﻔﻲ ﺑـ ]‪ y = ax + b[28‬؛ ﺣﻴﺚ ‪ x‬ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﺮﻗﻢ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻟﻠﺤﺮﻑ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺘّﺸﻔﲑ ﻭ ‪ y‬ﺍﻟ ّﻘﺮﻡ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬
‫‪:‬ﻧ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺤﺮﻑ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺘّﺸﻔﲑ ؛ ‪ a, b‬ﻋﺪﺩﺍﻥ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻴﺎﻥ ﳏﺼﻮﺭﺍﻥ ﺑﲔ ‪ 0‬ﻭ ‪ 27‬ﻭ ﻧﻔﺮﺽ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺘّﻤﺮﻳﻦ ﺃ ‪‬ﻥ ‪ a‬ﺃ ‪‬ﻭﱄ ؛ ﻧﺮﻗﻢ ﺍﳊﺮﻭﻑ‬
‫ﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺘّﺎﱄ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺏ‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ﺙ‬ ‫ﺝ‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫ﺥ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺫ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﺱ‬ ‫ﺵ‬ ‫ﺹ‬ ‫ﺽ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻅ‬ ‫ﻉ‬ ‫ﻍ‬ ‫ﻑ‬ ‫ﻕ‬ ‫ﻙ‬ ‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﻡ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﻫـ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻱ‬
‫ﺎﻋﻢ‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬ ‫‪17‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬ ‫‪19‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬ ‫‪21‬‬ ‫‪22‬‬ ‫‪23‬‬ ‫‪24‬‬ ‫‪25‬‬ ‫‪26‬‬ ‫‪27‬‬

‫ﻧﻔﺮﺽ ﺃ ‪‬ﻥ ﺍﳊﺮﻑ ) ﺙ ( ﳛﻮ‪‬ﻝ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳊﺮﻑ )ﺫ( ﻭ ﺍﳊﺮﻑ )ﺹ( ﳛﻮ‪‬ﻝ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳊﺮﻑ )ﺥ(‬
‫‪‬‬
‫]‪ 3a + b ≡ 8[28‬‬
‫]‪ 13a + b ≡ 6[28‬‬
‫‪ /1‬ﺑﻴ‪‬ﻦ ﺃ ‪‬ﻥ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ /2‬ﺑﻴ‪‬ﻦ ﺃ ‪‬ﻥ ‪ 5a = 14k − 1‬؛ ﺣﻴﺚ‬
‫‪k ∈Z‬‬

‫ﺏ( ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺘﺞ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ‪ a‬ﻭ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ‪b‬‬ ‫‪ /3‬ﺃ( ﺑﻴ‪‬ﻦ ﺃ ‪‬ﻥ ]‪a ≡ 11[14‬‬

‫ﺝ( ﲢﻘﻖ ﺃ ‪‬ﻥ ‪ a‬ﻭ ‪ 28‬ﺃ ‪‬ﻭﻟﻴﺎﻥ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ )ﳚﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻁ ﻟﻜﻲ ﻻ ﳛﻮﻝ ﺣﺮﻓﺎﻥ ﳐﺘﻠﻔﺎﻥ ﺇﱃ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﳊﺮﻑ (‬
‫ﳏﻤﺪ‬

‫‪ /4‬ﺣﻞ ﺗﺸﻔﲑ ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘّﺎﻟﻴﺔ ‪:‬ﺛﻜﺠﺮﺛﻈﻴﺜﻪ ﻇﻖ ﺟﻔﺠﺮﻟﻮ ﺛﻜﺜﻠﻨﺜﻦ ﺛﻜﺨﺘﻘﺘﻮ‬

‫]‪[28‬‬ ‫‪ u‬ﺍﻟﺤﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺼﻞ ▼أﻧﻘﺮ ﻫﻨﺎ‬

‫اﻟﺤﻠﻮل اﻟﻤﻔﺼﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻤﺎرﻳﻦ‬ ‫‪6‬‬

‫ﺣﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ‬
‫‪ ▲ 1‬ﻟﻠﻌﻮدةإﻟﻰ اﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ اﻧﻘﺮ ﻫﻨﺎ‬
‫‪b = n 2 + 2 ، a = 5n 2 + 7‬‬
‫‪ d \ a /1‬ﻭ ‪ d \ b‬ﻭ ﻣﻨﻪ ‪ d \ 5b − a :‬ﺃﻱ ‪ d \ 5n 2 + 10 − 5n 2 − 7‬ﺇﺫﻥ ‪d \ 3‬‬

‫‪education-onec-dz.blogspot.com‬‬
‫‪10‬‬
 ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫]‪ 5n 2 + 7 ≡ 0[3‬‬ ‫]‪ a ≡ 0[3‬‬
‫]‪ n 2 + 2 ≡ 0[3‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫]‪ b ≡ 0[3‬‬
‫‪ PGC D(a; b) = 3 /2‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ‪:‬‬
‫]‪n 2 ≡ 1[3‬‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺐ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻓﻘﺎﺕ ﻓﺈ ‪‬ﻥ ‪ 4n 2 + 5 ≡ [3] :‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ]‪ n 2 + 2 ≡ 0[3‬ﻭ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ /3‬ﻗﻴﻢ )‪ PGC D(a; b‬ﺣﺴﺐ ﻗﻴﻢ ‪n‬‬

‫]‪[3‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫≡‪n‬‬

‫ﺍﻷ‬
‫]‪[3‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫≡ ‪n2‬‬
‫‪PGC D(a; b) = 1‬‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ‪ n = 3k :‬ﺣﻴﺚ ‪ k ∈ N‬ﻓﺈ ‪‬ﻥ ‪:‬‬
‫‪PGC D(a; b) = 3‬‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ‪ n = 3k + 1 :‬ﺃﻭ ‪ n = 3k + 1‬ﺣﻴﺚ ‪ k ∈ N‬ﻓﺈ ‪‬ﻥ ‪:‬‬

‫ﺳﺘﺎﺫ‬
‫ﺣﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ‬
‫‪ ▲ 2‬ﻟﻠﻌﻮدةإﻟﻰ اﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ اﻧﻘﺮ ﻫﻨﺎ‬

‫‪ /1‬ﻧﻀﻊ ‪ PGC D(a, b) = d :‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻋﺪﺩﺍﻥ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻴﺎﻥ ﻏﲑ ﻣﻌﺪﻭﻣﲔ ‪ a ′, b ′‬ﺣﻴﺚ ‪ a = d a ′ :‬ﻭ ‪ b = d b ′‬ﻣﻊ‬
‫‪ a ′; b ′‬ﺃ ‪‬ﻭﻟﻴﺎﻥ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﻄﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘّﻤﺮﻳﻦ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻧﻜﺘﺐ ‪ 6a ′ × 6b ′ = 360‬ﺃﻱ ‪ a ′ × b ′ = 10 :‬ﻣﻊ ‪PGC D(a ′ ; b ′ ) = 1‬‬
‫ﺇﺫﻥ ‪ (a ′ ; b ′ ) ∈ {(1; 10); (10; 1); (2; 5); (5; 2)} :‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ‪(a; b) ∈ {(6; 60); (60; 6); (12; 30); (30; 12)} :‬‬
‫‪ /2‬ﻧﻀﻊ ‪ P PC M(a; b) = m :‬؛ ‪ PGC D(a, b) = d‬؛ ﻧﻌﻠﻢ ﺃﻥ ‪ d × m = ab :‬ﻭ ‪ a = a ′d‬ﻭ ‪ b = d b ′‬ﻣﻊ‬
‫‪PGC D(a ′ ; b ′ ) = 1‬‬
‫‪:‬ﻧ‬
‫})‪(a ′ ; b ′ ) ∈ {(1; 5); (5; 1‬‬‫ﻭ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ‪ m = d a ′b ′ :‬ﺇﺫﻥ ‪ a ′b ′ = md‬ﻭ ﻣﻨﻪ ‪ a ′b ′ = 5‬ﻣﻊ ‪ PGC D(a ′; b ′) = 1‬ﺇﺫﻥ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ‪(a; b) ∈ {(18; 90); (90; 18)} :‬‬
‫‪ /3‬ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ‪ P PC M(a; b)−9PGC D(a; b) = 13 :‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ‪ m−9d = 13‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ‪ d a ′ b ′ −9d = 13 :‬ﺇﺫﻥ = )‪d (a ′ b ′ −9‬‬
‫‪ 13‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ‪ d \ 13‬ﺇﺫﻥ }‪d ∈ {1; 13‬‬
‫ﺎﻋﻢ‬
‫‪ d = 1‬ﻳﻨﺘﺞ ﻋﻨﻪ ‪ a ′ b ′ −9 = 13‬ﺃﻱ ‪ a ′ b ′ = 22‬ﺇﺫﻥ })‪ (a ′ ; b ′ ) ∈ {(1; 22); (2; 11‬ﻭ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ })‪(a; b) ∈ {(1; 22); (2; 11‬‬
‫‪ d = 13‬ﻳﻨﺘﺞ ﻋﻨﻪ ‪ a ′ b ′ 10‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ })‪ (a ′ ; b ′ ) ∈ {(1; 10); (2; 5‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ })‪(a; b) ∈ {(13; 130); (26; 65‬‬

‫‪ ▲ 3‬ﻟﻠﻌﻮدةإﻟﻰ اﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ اﻧﻘﺮ ﻫﻨﺎ‬‫ﺣﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ‬

‫‪ /1‬ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ‪ 9(−2) − 7(−3) = 3 :‬ﺇﺫﻥ )‪(x 0 ; y 0 ) = (−2; −3‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫ﳏﻤﺪ‬

‫‪ 9x − 7y = 3‬‬
‫)‪9(x + 2) = 7(y + 3‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺮﺡ ﻃﺮﻓﺎ ﻟﻄﺮﻑ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺘﲔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺘﲔ ﳒﺪ ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ‬
‫‪9(−2) − 7(−3) = 3‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫)‪ 7 \ 9(x + 2‬‬
‫‪x = 7k − 2‬‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﱪﻫﻨﺔ ﻏﻮﺹ )‪ 7 \ (x + 2‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ‪ x + 2 = 7k; k ∈ Z‬ﺃﻱ ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ p g cd (7; 9) = 1‬‬
‫ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ‪ 9(x + 2) = 7(y + 3) :‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ‪ 9(7k) = 7(y + 3) :‬ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ‪:‬‬
‫‪y = 9k − 3; k ∈ Z‬‬
‫})‪S = {(7k − 2; 9k − 3‬‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ )‪ (1‬ﻫﻲ ‪k ∈ Z‬‬
‫‪ /2‬ﻧﻀﻊ ‪PGC D(x; y) = d :‬‬
‫‪ d \ x‬ﻭ ‪ d \ y‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ‪ d \ 9x − 7y‬ﺇﺫﻥ ‪ d \ 3‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ }‪d ∈ {1; 3‬‬
‫‪ /3‬ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ‪ m = 1242 :‬ﻭ ‪ d = 3‬ﺣﻴﺚ ‪ P PC M(x; y) = m‬ﻭ ‪ PGC D(x; y) = 3‬ﺇﺫﻥ ‪ x y = 3726‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ‪(7k −‬‬

‫‪ 3)(9k −3) = 3726‬ﺇﺩﻥ ‪ 63k 2 −39k −3726 = 0‬ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ‪ 21k 2 −13k −1240 = 0 :‬؛ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺣ ّﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬

‫‪11‬‬
 ‫)‪(x; y) = (54; 69‬‬ ‫ﻫﻮ ‪ k = 8‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ‬

‫‪ ▲ 4‬ﻟﻠﻌﻮدةإﻟﻰ اﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ اﻧﻘﺮ ﻫﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ‬

‫‪ a = (2n + 1)(n 2 + 2n + 1) .1‬ﻭ ‪ b = (2n + 1)n‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ‪ 2n + 1‬ﻗﺎﺳﻢ ﻣﺸﱰﻙ ﻝ ‪ a‬ﻭ‬
‫‪b‬‬

‫‪ .2‬ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ‪ (n + 1) − n = 1‬ﺇﺫﻥ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺑﻴﺰﻭ ‪PGC D(n + 1; n) = 1‬‬

‫ﺍﻷ‬
‫‪ (n + 1)2 − n(n + 1) = 1‬ﺇﺫﻥ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺑﻴﺰﻭ ‪PGC D(n; (n + 1)2 ) = 1‬‬

‫‪ PGC D(a; b) = (2n + 1)PGC D(n; (n + 1)2 ) = 2n + 1 .3‬ﻷﻥ‪PGC D(n; (n + 1)2 ) = 1 :‬‬

‫ﺳﺘﺎﺫ‬
‫‪ ▲ 5‬ﻟﻠﻌﻮدةإﻟﻰ اﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ اﻧﻘﺮ ﻫﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ‬
‫‪p‬‬
‫ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ‪ 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13‬ﺇﺫﻥ ﻫﻮ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺃ ‪‬ﻭﱄ‬
‫‪ 251 ≃ 15.84 /1‬ﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ‪ 251‬ﻻ ﻳﻘﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ّ‬
‫ﻛﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻳﻘﺴﻢ ‪ 2008‬ﻫﻲ ‪ 1‬ﻭ ‪2‬‬ ‫‪ 2008 = 23 × 251 /2‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ﺍﻷﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻣﻜﻌﺐ ّ‬
‫‪ m = ab‬ﺇﺫﻥ‬
‫‪d‬‬
‫‪ .3‬ﻧﻀﻊ ‪ PGC D(a; b) = d :‬؛ ‪ a = d a ′‬ﻭ ‪ b = d b ′‬ﻣﻊ ‪ PGC D(a ′; b ′) = 1‬؛ ‪ md = ab‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ‬
‫‪m = d a ′b ′‬‬
‫‪d 3 \ 2008‬‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ‪ m 3 + 35d 3 = 2008‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ‪ (d a ′b ′)3 + 35d 3 = 2008‬ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ‪ d 3[(a ′b ′)3 + 35] = 2008‬ﺇﺫﻥ ‪:‬‬
‫ﳑﺎ ﺳﺒﻖ ﳒﺪ }‪d ∈ {1, 2‬‬
‫‪p‬‬
‫‪ d = 1‬؛ ‪ (a ′b ′)3 + 35 = 2008‬ﺇﺫﻥ ‪ a ′b ′ = 1973‬؛ ﻏﲑ ﳑﻜﻦ ﻷﻥ ‪ a ′; b ′‬ﻋﺪﺩﺍﻥ ﺻﺤﻴﺤﺎﻥ‬
‫‪:‬ﻧ‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫‪p‬‬
‫‪ d = 2‬؛ ‪ a ′ b ′ = 216 = 6‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ })‪(a ′ , b ′ ) ∈ {(1; 6); (6; 1); (2; 3); (3; 2‬‬
‫‪3‬‬

‫})‪(a ′ , b ′ ) ∈ {(2; 12); (12; 2); (4; 6); (6; 4‬‬

‫ﺎﻋﻢ‬
‫ﺣﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ‬
‫‪ ▲ 6‬ﻟﻠﻌﻮدةإﻟﻰ اﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ اﻧﻘﺮ ﻫﻨﺎ‬
‫‪ d \ a /1‬ﻭ ‪ d \ b‬ﻭ ﻣﻨﻪ ‪ d \ 13a − 11b‬ﺇﺫﻥ ‪d \ 50‬‬
‫‪ 50 = 11(4) + 6 /2‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ )‪ 11 = 6 + 5 ، 6 = 50 − 11(4‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ‪ 6 = 5 + 1 ، 5 = 11 − 6‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ‬
‫‪ 1 = 6 − 5 = 6 − (11 − 6) = 2(6) − 11 ، 1 = 6 − 5‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ‪ 1 = 2(50 − 11(4)) − 11‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ )‪ 1 = 2(50) − 11(9‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ‬
‫)‪(x 0 ; y 0 ) = (2; 9‬‬
‫)‪3 = 50(6) − 11(27‬‬ ‫‪ 1 = 50(2) − 11(9) /3‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ‬
‫‪ 50x − 11y = 3‬‬
‫ﳏﻤﺪ‬

‫‪ ‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ‪ ،50(x −6) = 11(y −27) :‬ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ )‪ 11\50(x −6‬ﻭ ‪PGC D(11; 50) = 1‬؛ ﺣﺴﺐ‬
‫‪50(6) − 11(27) = 3‬‬
‫‪x = 11k + 6‬‬ ‫ﻣﱪﻫﻨﺔ ﻏﻮﺹ ﻓﺈ ‪‬ﻥ ‪ 11 \ (x − 6) :‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ‬
‫‪;k ∈ Z‬‬
‫‪y = 50k + 27‬‬ ‫)‪ 50(x − 6) = 11(y − 27‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ )‪ 50(11k) = 11(y − 27‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ‪; k ∈ Z‬‬
‫ﺣﻠﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ‪ 50x − 11y = 3‬ﻫﻲ })‪S = {(11k + 6; 50k + 27‬‬
‫‪ PGC D(a; b) = 50 /3‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ]‪ a ≡ 0[50‬ﻭ]‪ b ≡ 0[50‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ]‪ 11n + 3 ≡ 0[50‬ﻭ ]‪ 13n − 1 ≡ 0[50‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ≡ ‪11n‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪n = 50ℓ + 27‬‬ ‫]‪ 47[50‬ﻭ ]‪ 13n ≡ 1[50‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ]‪ n ≡ 27[50‬ﺇﺫﻥ ‪; l ∈ N‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫]‪11n ≡ 22[25‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫]‪ 11n + 3 ≡ 0[25‬‬ ‫]‪ a ≡ 0[25‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫]‪13n ≡ 1[25‬‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫]‪ 13n − 1 ≡ 0[25‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫]‪ b ≡ 0[25‬‬
‫‪ PGC D(a; b) = 25 /4‬ﺇﺫﻥ‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪ n ̸= 50ℓ + 27‬‬

‫‪12‬‬
 ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫]‪ n ≡ 2[25‬‬ ‫]‪ 11n + 3 ≡ 0[25‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ‪ 25ℓ′ + 25 ̸= 50ℓ + 27‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ‪ 25ℓ′ ̸= 50ℓ + 25‬ﺇﺫﻥ‬ ‫‪ n ̸= 50ℓ + 27‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫]‪ 13n − 1 ≡ 0[25‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻨﻪ‬
‫‪ ℓ′ ̸= 2ℓ + 1‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ‪ ℓ′‬ﺯﻭﺟﻲ‬
‫‪n = 50α + 2‬‬ ‫‪;α ∈ N‬‬

‫‪ ▲ 7‬ﻟﻠﻌﻮدةإﻟﻰ اﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ اﻧﻘﺮ ﻫﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ‬

‫ﺍﻷ‬
‫‪ 7x + 13y = 119 /1‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ‪ 13y = 119 − 7x‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ )‪ 13y = 7(17 − x‬ﺇﺫﻥ ‪ 13y ≡ 0[7] :‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ]‪ ، y = 0[7‬ﺇﺫﻥ ‪:‬‬
‫‪y = 7k‬‬ ‫‪ y‬ﻣﻀﺎﻋﻒ ﻟـ ‪ 7‬ﺃﻱ ‪k ∈ Z‬‬
‫‪ 7x + 13y = 1197‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ )‪ 7x = 119 − 13(7k‬ﺇﺫﻥ ‪ x = −13k + 17‬ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺣﻠﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ‪ 7x + 13y = 119 :‬ﻫﻲ‬

‫ﺳﺘﺎﺫ‬
‫})‪S = {(−13k + 17; 7k‬‬ ‫‪;k ∈ Z‬‬
‫‪ αγ1‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬
‫‪+ 1β3β = 32γα /2‬‬
‫‪7‬‬

‫‪5(7α+13β−‬‬ ‫‪ 1+6γ+α62 +β+24+β82 +83 = α+7γ+2×72 +3×73‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ‪ 35α+65β−590 = γ‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ‬

‫‪ 118) = γ‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ]‪ γ ≡ 0[5‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ‪) γ = 5‬ﻷ ‪‬ﻥ ‪(0 < γ6 :‬‬
‫‪ 5(7α + 13β − 118) = 5‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ‪ 7α + 13β = 119‬؛ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﺎ ﺳﺒﻖ ﳒﺪ )‪(α; β) = (−13k + 17, 7k‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪ 0 < −13k + 17 < 6‬‬ ‫‪ 0<α<6‬‬
‫‪α = 4; β = 7; γ = 5‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺇﺫﻥ ‪ k = 1:‬ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ‪:‬‬
‫‪0 < 7k < 8‬‬ ‫‪0<β<8‬‬
‫‪:‬ﻧ‬
‫‪ ▲ 8‬ﻟﻠﻌﻮدةإﻟﻰ اﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ اﻧﻘﺮ ﻫﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ‬
‫؛‬ ‫]‪85 ≡ 8[10]; 86 ≡ 4[10]; 87 ≡ 2[10‬‬ ‫‪ 80 ≡ 1[10]; 81 ≡ 8[10]; 82 ≡ 4[10]; 83 ≡ 2[10]; 84 ≡ 6[10] /1‬؛‬
‫]‪ 88 ≡ 6[10‬ﻧﺴﺘﻨﺘﺞ ﺃ ‪‬ﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﺍﻗﻲ ﺩﻭﺭﻳ‪‬ﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎء ‪: 1‬ﺇﺫﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﺍﻗﻲ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺎﻋﻢ‬
‫⋆‪k ∈ Z‬‬ ‫‪4k + 3‬‬ ‫‪4k + 2‬‬ ‫‪4k + 1‬‬ ‫‪4k‬‬ ‫=‪n‬‬
‫]‪[10‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫≡ ‪8n‬‬
‫‪ 8341 = 84(85)+1 /2‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ‬
‫]‪8341 ≡ 8[10‬‬
‫]‪ 2 ≡ −8[10‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ]‪ 2192 ≡ (−8)192 [10‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ]‪ 2192 ≡ (8)4(48) [10‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ]‪2192 ≡ 6[10‬‬
‫‪ 84n ≡ 6[10] /3‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ]‪ 3 × 84n ≡ 18[10‬ﺃﻱ ‪3 × 84n ≡ 8[10] :‬؛ ]‪212n+9 ≡ 23(4n+3) [10‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ]‪ 212n+9 ≡ 84n+3 [10‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ]‪212n+9 ≡ 2[10‬‬
‫ﳑﺎ ﺳﺒﻖ ‪ 3 × 84n + 212n+9 ≡ 8 + 2[10] :‬ﺇﺫﻥ ]‪3 × 84n + 212n+9 ≡ 0[10‬‬
‫ﳏﻤﺪ‬

‫‪ ▲ 9‬ﻟﻠﻌﻮدةإﻟﻰ اﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ اﻧﻘﺮ ﻫﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ‬

‫]‪55 ≡ 3[7]; 56 ≡ 1[7‬‬ ‫‪ 50 ≡ 1[7]; 51 ≡ 5[7]; 52 ≡ 4[7]; 53 ≡ 6[10]; 54 ≡ 2[7] /1‬؛‬
‫⋆‪k ∈ Z‬‬ ‫‪6k + 5‬‬ ‫‪6k + 4‬‬ ‫‪6k + 3‬‬ ‫‪6k + 2‬‬ ‫‪6k + 1‬‬ ‫‪6k‬‬ ‫=‪n‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ‪:‬‬
‫]‪[7‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫≡ ‪5n‬‬
‫‪ 19 ≡ 5[7] /2‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ]‪ 196n+3 ≡ 196n+3[7‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ‬
‫]‪196n+3 ≡ 6[7‬‬
‫]‪ 26 ≡ 5[7‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ]‪ 266n+4 ≡ 56n+3 [7‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ]‪266n+4 ≡ 2[7‬‬
‫]‪ 54 ≡ 5[7‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ]‪ 546n+1 ≡ [7‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ]‪546n+1 ≡ 5[7‬‬
‫]‪ 196n+3 + 266n+4 + 546n+1 + 1 ≡ 6 + 2 + 5 + 1[7‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ]‪196n+3 + 266n+4 + 546n+1 + 1 ≡ 0[7‬‬
‫‪ 196n+3 + 266n+4 + 4n 2 + 4 ≡ 0[7] /3‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ]‪ 8 + 4n 2 + 4 ≡ 0[7‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ]‪ 12 + 4n 2 ≡ 0[7‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ]‪4(n 2 + 3) ≡ 0[7‬‬
‫‪education-onec-dz.blogspot.com‬‬
‫‪13‬‬
 ‫]‪n 2 ≡ 4[7‬‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ]‪ n 2 + 3 ≡ 0[7‬ﻷﻥ ‪ 7‬ﺃ ‪‬ﻭﱄ ﻣﻊ ‪ 4‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ‬
‫]‪[7‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫≡‪n‬‬
‫]‪[7‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫≡ ‪n2‬‬

‫‪k ∈N‬‬ ‫]‪ n 2 ≡ 4[7‬ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ]‪ n ≡ 2[7‬ﺃﻭ ]‪ n ≡ 5[7‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ‪ n = 7k + 2‬ﺃﻭ ‪ 7k + 5‬ﺣﻴﺚ‬

‫ﺣﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ‬

‫ﺍﻷ‬
‫‪ ▲ 10‬ﻟﻠﻌﻮدةإﻟﻰ اﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ اﻧﻘﺮ ﻫﻨﺎ‬

‫‪ /1‬ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ‪ PGC D(5; 3) = 1‬ﻭ ‪ 1 \ 2‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ )‪ (1‬ﺗﻘﺒﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻗﻞ ﺣ ‪‬ﻼ‬
‫‪ 5x − 3y = 2 /2‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ‪ 2x − 2 = 3y − 3x‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ )‪2(x − 1) = 3(y − x‬‬

‫ﺳﺘﺎﺫ‬
‫)‪ 3 \ 2(x − 1‬‬
‫]‪x ≡ 1[7‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ )‪ 3 \ (x − 1‬ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﱪﻫﻨﺔ ﻏﻮﺹ ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ]‪ x − 1 ≡ 0[7‬ﺇﺫﻥ‬
‫‪PGC D(3; 2) = 1‬‬
‫‪y = 5k + 1‬‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ‪ 3y = 5(3k + 1) − 2‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫‪ 5x − 3y = 2 /3‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ‪3y = 5x − 2‬‬
‫})‪S = {(3k + 1; 5k + 1‬‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ )‪ (1‬ﻫﻲ‬
‫‪;k ∈ Z‬‬

‫‪ /4‬ﺃ( ﻧﻀﻊ ‪ PGC D(x; y) = d :‬ﻭ ‪PGC D(x; 2) = d ′‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪ d \x‬‬ ‫‪ d \x‬‬ ‫‪ d \x‬‬
‫ﺇﺫﻥ )‪ d \ PGC D(x; 2‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ‪d \ d ′‬‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ‬
‫‪ d \2‬‬ ‫‪ d \ 5x − 3y‬‬ ‫‪d \y‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪ d′ \ x‬‬ ‫‪ d′ \x‬‬ ‫‪ d′ \x‬‬
‫‪:‬ﻧ‬
‫ﻭﻣﻨﻪ )‪ d ′ \ PGC D(x; y‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ‪d ′ \ d‬‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫‪  ′‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ‬
‫‪ d′ \ y‬‬ ‫‪ d ′ \ x + 2k‬‬ ‫‪d \2‬‬
‫‪ d \ d ′‬ﻭ ‪ d ′ \ d‬ﺇﺫﻥ‬
‫‪d = d′‬‬
‫ﺏ( ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﺆﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ‪ d \ 2‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ }‪d ∈ {1; 2‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫]‪ k ≡ 1[2‬‬ ‫]‪ 3k + 1 ≡ 0[2‬‬ ‫]‪ x ≡ 0[2‬‬
‫ﺎﻋﻢ‬
‫‪k = 2ℓ + 1‬‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫]‪ k ≡ 1[2‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫]‪ 5k + 1 ≡ 0[2‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺝ( ‪ PGC D(x; y) = 2‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ‬
‫]‪y ≡ 0[2‬‬
‫})‪S = {(6ℓ + 4; 10ℓ + 6‬‬ ‫‪;ℓ ∈ Z‬‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ )‪ (1‬ﲝﻴﺚ ‪ PGC D(x; y) = 2‬ﻫﻲ‬

‫ﺣﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ‬
‫‪ ▲ 11‬ﻟﻠﻌﻮدةإﻟﻰ اﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ اﻧﻘﺮ ﻫﻨﺎ‬

‫ﳝﻜﻦ ﺗﺮﻳﻴﺾ ﺍﳌﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ‪ a + b + c = 16 :‬ﻭ ‪ 20a + 15 = 285‬ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﻷﺧﲑﺓ ﳒﺪ ‪4a + 3b = 57 :‬‬

‫ﺇﺫﻥ ‪ 4a = 57 − 3b :‬ﻭ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ‪ 3(19 − b) = 4a‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ‪ 3 \ 4a‬ﻭ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ‪ 3 \ a‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻏﻮﺹ ﻛﻮﻥ )‪ 3‬ﺃﻭﻟّﻲ ﻣﻊ ‪(4‬‬
‫ﳏﻤﺪ‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ‪a = 3k; k ∈ N‬‬

‫‪ k >0‬‬ ‫‪ 3k > 0‬‬ ‫‪ a >0‬‬
‫∈‪k‬‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫‪ k < 4.75‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫‪ −4k + 19 > 0‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫‪ b >0‬‬
‫؛‬ ‫‪b = −4k + 19‬‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫‪3b = −4a + 57‬‬

‫}‪{1; 2; 3; 4‬‬
‫‪) a = 3; b = 15: k = 1 Î‬ﻣﺮﻓﻮﺿﺔ(‬
‫‪)a = 6; b = 11: k = 2 Î‬ﻣﺮﻓﻮﺿﺔ(‬
‫‪)a = 9; b = 7; c = 0: k = 3 Î‬ﻣﺮﻓﻮﺿﺔ(‬
‫‪a = 12; b = 3; c = 1 : k = 4 Î‬‬

‫‪14‬‬
 ‫‪ ▲ 12‬ﻟﻠﻌﻮدةإﻟﻰ اﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ اﻧﻘﺮ ﻫﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ‬
‫‪x = 9k + 5; k ∈ Z‬‬ ‫‪ 7x ≡ −19[9] /1‬ﺇﺫﻥ ‪ 7x ≡ 8[9] :‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ]‪ 28x ≡ 32[9‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ]‪ x ≡ 5[9‬ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ 7x −9y = −19 /2‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ‪ 7x = 9y −19‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ]‪ 7x ≡ −19[9‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﺴﺆﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ﻳﻨﺘﺞ ‪x = 9k +5; k ∈ Z :‬‬
‫‪y = 7k + 6‬‬ ‫‪ 9y = 7x + 19‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ‪ 9y = 7(9k + 5) + 19‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ‪ 9y = 63k + 54‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ‪; k ∈ Z‬‬
‫})‪S = {(9k + 5; 7k + 6‬‬ ‫ﺇﺫﻥ ﺣﻠﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ )‪ (1‬ﻫﻲ ‪; k ∈ Z‬‬
‫‪ y \ x /3‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ )‪ (7k + 6) \ (9k + 5‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ )‪ (7k + 6) \ 9(7k + 6) − 7(9k + 5‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ‪ (7k + 6) \ 19‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ∈ ‪7k + 6‬‬

‫ﺍﻷ‬
‫}‪ {−19; −1; 19; 1‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ }‪ 7k ∈ {−25; −7; −5; 13‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ‪ k = −1‬ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ )‪(x; y) = (−4; −1‬‬
‫‪ 2(7)2 + 7α +‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ‪ 7α − 9β − 19‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ )‪(α; β) = (9k + 5; 7k + 6‬‬ ‫‪ n ‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ‪5 = 9 + 9β + 3‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬
‫‪= 2α5 = 1β3 /4‬‬
‫‪ 0 ≤ 9k + 5 < 7‬‬ ‫‪ 0≤α<7‬‬

‫ﺳﺘﺎﺫ‬
‫‪α = 5; β = 6; n = 138‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ‪ k = 0‬ﺇﺫﻥ ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻨﻪ‬
‫‪0 ≤ 7k + 6 < 9‬‬ ‫‪0≤β<9‬‬

‫‪ ▲ 13‬ﻟﻠﻌﻮدةإﻟﻰ اﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ اﻧﻘﺮ ﻫﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪ 11x + 7y = 1‬‬ ‫‪ 11x + 7y = 1‬‬
‫‪y 0 = −3‬‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ‪ 4x0 = 8‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ‪ x0 = 2‬ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪ 7x + 7y = −7‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪ x 0 + y = −1‬‬
‫‪ /1‬ﺃ(‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬

‫ﺇﺫﻥ ‪ (x 0 ; y 0 ) = (2; −3):‬‬

‫‪ 11x + 7y = 1‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻨﻪ )‪11(x − 2) = 7(−y − 3‬‬ ‫ﺏ(‬
‫‪ 11(2) + 7(−3) = 1‬‬
‫‪:‬ﻧ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫)‪ 7 \ 11(x − 2‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻏﻮﺹ ‪ 7\x−2‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ‪ x = 7k+2‬؛ )‪ 11(x−2) = 7(−y −3‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ‪−y −3 = 11k‬‬
‫‪ PGC D(7; 11) = 1‬‬
‫‪y = −11k − 3‬‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻨﻪ‬
‫ﺎﻋﻢ‬
‫})‪S E = {(7k + 2; −11k − 3‬‬ ‫‪;k ∈ Z‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪ S = 11a + 1‬‬
‫) ‪(E‬‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ‪ 11a + 7(−b) = 1‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﺜﻨﺎﺋﻴ‪‬ﺔ )‪ (a; −b‬ﻫﻞ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ‪11a + 1 = 7b + 2‬‬
‫‪ S = 7b + 2‬‬
‫‪ /2‬ﺃ(‬
‫‪23‬‬ ‫ﺏ( ‪ S = 11a + 1 = 11(7k + 2) + 1 = 77k + 23‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﻗﺴﻤﺔ ‪ S‬ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ 77‬ﻫﻮ‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪ n = 11α + 1‬‬
‫‪n = 77k + 23‬‬ ‫‪;k ∈ N‬‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫‪ n = 7β + 2‬‬
‫‪/3‬‬

‫‪n = 1948‬‬ ‫‪ n < 2013‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ‪ 77k + 23 < 2013‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ‪ k < 25.8‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ‪ k = 25‬ﺇﺫﻥ‬
‫ﳏﻤﺪ‬

‫ﺣﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ‬
‫‪ ▲ 14‬ﻟﻠﻌﻮدةإﻟﻰ اﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ اﻧﻘﺮ ﻫﻨﺎ‬

‫‪ /1‬ﺃ( ]‪ 2n + 27 ≡ 0[n + 1‬ﺇﺫﻥ ]‪ 2n + 2 + 25 ≡ 0[n + 1‬؛ ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ]‪ 2n + 2 ≡ 0[n + 1‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ]‪ 25 ≡ 0[n + 1‬ﺇﺫﻥ‬
‫‪n + 1 ∈ D 25‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻨﻪ }‪ n + 1 ∈ {1; 5; 25‬ﻭ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ‪:‬‬
‫}‪n ∈ {0; 4; 24‬‬
‫ﺏ( ﺍﻟﺜﻨﺎﺋﻴ‪‬ﺔ )‪ (a, b‬ﻫﻲ ﺛﻨﺎﺋﻴ‪‬ﺔ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻴ‪‬ﺔ ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ‪ a + b > b − a‬؛ ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ‪ (a + b)(b − a) = 24:‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ‪a + b \ 24‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪ a + b = 24‬‬ ‫‪ a + b = 12‬‬ ‫‪ a +b = 8‬‬ ‫‪ a +b = 6‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ b−a =1‬‬
‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫‪ b−a =2‬‬
‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫‪ b−a =3‬‬
‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫‪ b−a =4‬‬
‫|‬ ‫‪{z‬‬ ‫}‬ ‫|‬ ‫‪{z‬‬ ‫}‬
‫‪nonsolustions‬‬ ‫‪nonsolustions‬‬

‫‪education-onec-dz.blogspot.com‬‬
‫‪15‬‬
 ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪ a =1‬‬ ‫‪ a =5‬‬
‫})‪(a; b) ∈ {(1; 5); (5; 7‬‬ ‫ﺇﺫﻥ ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ b =5‬‬
‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫‪ b =7‬‬
‫‪p‬‬
‫‪b 2 = a 2 + ( 24)2‬‬ ‫ﺝ( ‪ (a + b)(a − b) = 24‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ‬
‫‪p‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫ﻟﺮﺳﻢ ﻗﻄﻌﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﻃﻮﳍﺎ ‪ 24‬؛ ﻧﺮﺳﻢ ﻣﺜ ّﻠ ًﺜﺎ ﻗﺎ ً‬
‫ﺋﻤﺎ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻭﺗﺮﻩ ‪ b‬ﺃﻱ ‪ 5‬ﺃﻭ ‪ 7‬ﻭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺿﻠﻌﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﲔ ‪ a‬ﺃﻱ‬
‫‪p‬‬
‫ﺃﻭ ‪ 5‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘّﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﻭ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻀﻠﻊ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻢ ﻫﻮ ‪24‬‬

‫ﺍﻷ‬
‫‪ α = 10141 /2‬ﻭ ‪β = 3403‬‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫ﺃ( ‪ α = 101415‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ‪ α = 1+4(5)+(5)2 +(5)4‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ‪ α = 671‬؛ ‪ β = 34035‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ‪ β = 3+4(5)2 +3(5)3‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪β = 478‬‬

‫ﺳﺘﺎﺫ‬
‫})‪ (a; b) ∈ {(1; 5); (5; 7‬‬ ‫‪ b 2 − a 2 = 24‬‬
‫)‪(a; b) = (5; 7‬‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫‪ αa + βb = 9‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫‪ αa + βb = 9‬‬
‫ﺏ(‬
‫‪2013 = 1434 + 579 = 579 × 2 + 276‬‬ ‫‪ /3‬ﺃ(‬
‫‪ 579 = 276 × 2 + 27‬؛‬
‫‪276 = 27 × 10 + 6‬‬
‫‪ 27 = 6 × 4 + 3‬؛ ‪ 6 = 3 × 2 + 0‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ‪PGC D(2013; 1434) = 3‬‬
‫‪ PGC D(2013; 1434) = 3‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ‪ PGC D(671 × 3; 478 × 3) = 3‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ‪PGC D(671; 478) = 1‬‬
‫ﺏ( ‪ 2013x −1434y = 27‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ‪671x −478y = 9‬؛ ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ﺍﳊﻞ ﺍﳋﺎﺹ ﳍﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﻷﺧﲑﺓ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺜﻨﺎﺋﻴ‪‬ﺔ = ) ‪(x 0 ; y 0‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫)‪(5; 7‬‬

‫‪:‬ﻧ‬
‫)‪ 478 \ 671(x − 5‬‬ ‫‪ 671x − 478y = 9‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﺮﻫﻨﺔ‬ ‫‪ PGC D(671; 478) = 1‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻨﻪ )‪ 671(x −5) = 478(y −7‬ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ‬ ‫‪ 671(5) − 478(7) = 9‬‬

‫‪ x = 478k + 5‬؛ )‪ 671(478k) = 478(y − 7‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫‪;k ∈ Z‬‬ ‫ﻏﻮﺹ ﻓﺈ ‪‬ﻥ ‪ 478 \ x − 5 :‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ‬
‫‪y = 671k + 7‬‬ ‫‪;k ∈ Z‬‬
‫ﺎﻋﻢ‬
‫})‪S = {(478k + 5; 671k + 7‬‬ ‫‪;k ∈ Z‬‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ‪ 2013x − 1434y = 27‬ﻫﻲ‬

‫ﺣﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ‬
‫‪ ▲ 15‬ﻟﻠﻌﻮدةإﻟﻰ اﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ اﻧﻘﺮ ﻫﻨﺎ‬

‫‪ /1‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻷ ‪‬ﻥ ‪ PGC D(21; 14) = 7 :‬ﻭ ‪ 7‬ﻳﻘﺴﻢ ‪40‬‬

‫‪ /2‬ﺧﻄﺄ ﻷ ‪‬ﻥ ‪3421 + 1562 = 1240 + 632 = 1872 :‬‬

‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬

‫‪7‬‬
‫‪5413 = 1921‬‬
‫ﳏﻤﺪ‬

‫‪ /3‬ﺧﻄﺄ ﻷ ‪‬ﻥ ]‪ 30 ≡ 1[7]; 31 ≡ 3[7]; 32 ≡ 2[7‬؛ ]‪ 33 ≡ 6[7]; 34 ≡ 4[7]; 35 ≡ 5[7‬؛ ]‪ 36 ≡ 1[7‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ‬

‫]‪ 36k ≡ 1[7]; 36k+1 ≡ 3[7]; 36k+2 ≡ 2[7‬؛ ]‪36k+3 ≡ 6[7]; 36k+4 ≡ 4[7]; 36k+5 ≡ 5[7‬‬
‫]‪36k + 36k+1 + 36k+2 + 36k+3 + 36k+4 + 36k+5 ≡ 0[7‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪1 + 3 + 32 + . . . + 32009 + 32010 + 32011 ≡ 1‬‬ ‫‪. . . + 36(334)+5} + 3‬‬
‫‪| + 3 + 3 + {z‬‬
‫)‪6(335‬‬ ‫‪6(335)+1‬‬
‫]‪| {z } + |3 {z }[7‬‬
‫]‪≡0[7‬‬ ‫]‪≡1[7‬‬ ‫]‪≡3[7‬‬
‫]‪1 + 3 + 32 + . . . + 32011 ≡ 4[7‬‬

‫‪ ▲ 16‬ﻟﻠﻌﻮدةإﻟﻰ اﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ اﻧﻘﺮ ﻫﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ‬

‫‪16‬‬
 2n 3 − 14n + 2 n +3
−2n 3 − 6n 2 2n 2 − 6n + 4
−6n 2 − 14n + 2
α = (2n 2 − 6n + 4)β − 10 6n 2 + 18n /1
4n + 2

‫ﺍﻷ‬
−4n − 12
−10

PGC D(β; 10) = d ′ ‫ ﻭ‬PGC D(α; β) = d : ‫ﺃ( ﻧﻀﻊ‬

  

‫ﺳﺘﺎﺫ‬
 d \ 10  d \ (2n 2 − 6n + 4)β  d \α
d \ d ′ ‫ ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬d \ PGC D(10; β) ‫ﻭﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻨﻪ‬
 d \β  d \β  d \β
  
 d′ \α  d ′ \ (2n 2 − 6n + 4)β − 10  d ′ \ 10
‫ﻭﻣﻨﻪ‬ d ′ \ d ‫ ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬d ′ \PGC D(α; β) ‫ﻭﻣﻨﻪ‬
 d′ \β
‫ﻭﻣﻨﻪ‬  d′ \β
‫ﻭﻣﻨﻪ‬  d′ \β

PGC D(α; β) = PGC D(β; 10) : ‫ ﺇﺫﻥ‬d = d ′

d ∈ {1; 2; 5; 10} ‫ ﻭﻣﻨﻪ‬d ∈ D 10 ‫ ﻭﻣﻨﻪ‬PGC D(α; β) = PGC D(β; 10) (‫ﺏ‬
β = 5(2ℓ + 1) ‫ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻓﺮﺩﻱ ( ﻭﻣﻨﻪ‬k ‫ )ﻣﻊ‬β = 5k ‫ ﻭﻣﻨﻪ‬PGC D(10; β) = 5 ‫ ﺇﺫﻥ‬PGC D(α; β) = 5 (‫ﺝ‬
n = 10ℓ + 2 ; ℓ ∈ N ‫ ﺇﺫﻥ‬n + 3 = 10ℓ + 5 ‫ﻭﻣﻨﻪ‬
‫ﻧ‬:
‫ ﻭﻣﻨﻪ‬43 ≡ 9[11]; 44 ≡ 3[11]; 45 ≡ 1[11] ‫ ؛‬40 ≡ 1[11]; 41 ≡ 4[11]; 42 ≡ 5[11] (‫ ﺃ‬/2
4
5k+3
≡ 9[11]; 45k+4 ≡ 3[11] ‫ ؛‬45k ≡ 1[11]; 45k+1 ≡ 4[11]; 45k+2 ≡ 5[11]
 45(2ℓ+2) + 45(2ℓ)+2 + 10ℓ + 2 ≡ 0[11]  45n + 4n + n ≡ 0[11]
‫ ﻭﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫ ﻭﻣﻨﻪ‬ (‫ﺏ‬
n ≡ 2[10] n ≡ 2[10]
‫ﺎﻋﻢ‬
‫ ﻭﻣﻨﻪ‬−ℓ ≡ 3[11] ‫ ﻭﻣﻨﻪ‬10ℓ ≡ [3] ‫ ﻭﻣﻨﻪ‬10ℓ + 8 ≡ 0[11] ‫ ﻭﻣﻨﻪ‬4| 5(2ℓ+2)
{z } + 4
5(2ℓ)+2
| {z } +10ℓ + 2 ≡ 0[11]
≡1[11] ≡5[11]
n = 10(11m + 8) + 2 ‫ ﻭﻣﻨﻪ‬ℓ = 11m + 8 ‫ ﻭﻣﻨﻪ‬ℓ ≡ 8[11] ‫ ﻭﻣﻨﻪ‬ℓ ≡ −3[11]
n = 110m + 82 ; m ∈ N ‫ﺇﺫﻥ‬

‫ ▲ ﻟﻠﻌﻮدةإﻟﻰ اﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ اﻧﻘﺮ ﻫﻨﺎ‬17 ‫ﺣﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ‬

 
 153 ≡ 3[15]  153 − 3 = 15 × 10
(S) ‫ ﻫﻲ ﺣﻞ ﻟﻠﺠﻤﻠﺔ‬153 ‫ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻨﻪ‬
‫ﳏﻤﺪ‬

/1
 153 ≡ 6[7]  153 − 6 = 7 × 21


 x ≡ 3[15]
 
 


 x − x ≡ 0[15]  x ≡ 6[7]  S ‫ﺣﻞ ﻟـ‬x
0
‫ ﻭﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫ ﺇﺫﻥ‬ /2
 x − x ≡ 0[7] 
 x 0 ≡ 3[15] S ‫ﺣﻞ ﻟـ‬x 0
0 


 x ≡ 6[7]
0


 x ≡ x 0 [15] 

 

 
 x − x 0 ≡ 0[15]
 x ≡ x [7] 
: ‫ ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻓﻘﺎﺕ ﳒﺪ‬ 0
‫ ﻭﻣﻨﻪ‬ x − x0 ≡ 0[7]

 x 0 ≡ 3[15] 


  S ‫ﺣﻞ ﻟـ‬x

 x ≡ 6[7] 0
0

17
 ‫‪education-onec-dz.blogspot.com‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫]‪ x ≡ 3[15‬‬
‫)‪(S‬‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ‪ x‬ﺣﻞ ﻟﻠﺠﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫]‪ x ≡ 6[7‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫]‪ x − x ≡ 0[15‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫ﳑﺎ ﺳﺒﻖ ) ‪ x‬ﺣﻞ ﻟﻠﺠﻤﻠﺔ )‪ ((S‬ﺗﻜﺎﻑءﻯ ‪‬‬
‫]‪ x − x ≡ 0[7‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫]‪ x − 153 ≡ 0[15‬‬
‫ﺗﻜﺎﻑءﻯ ]‪ x ≡ 48[105‬ﺗﻜﺎﻑءﻯ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ]‪x − 153 ≡ 0[105‬‬ ‫‪ 153 /3‬ﺣﻞ ﻟـ )‪ (S‬ﺗﻜﺎﻑءﻯ‬

‫ﺍﻷ‬
‫]‪ x − 153 ≡ 0[7‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪x = 105k‬‬

‫‪ + 48‬‬ ‫‪;k ∈ Z‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫]‪x ≡ 3[15‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪x = 15α + 3‬‬
‫‪ x = 105k + 48‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ‪ 500 ≤ 105k +48 ≤ 600‬ﺇﺫﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫]‪x ≡ 6[7‬‬ ‫‪  x = 7β + 6‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ‬

‫ﺳﺘﺎﺫ‬
‫‪/4‬‬
‫‪ 500 ≤ x ≤ 600‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪ 500 ≤ x ≤ 600‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪ 500 ≤ x ≤ 600‬‬
‫‪k =5‬‬ ‫‪ 452 ≤ 105k ≤ 552‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ‪ 4.3 ≤ k ≤ 5.3‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ‬
‫ﻭ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ‪ x = 573‬ﺇﺫﻥ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ ﻫﻮ ‪573‬‬

‫‪ ▲ 18‬ﻟﻠﻌﻮدةإﻟﻰ اﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ اﻧﻘﺮ ﻫﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ‬

‫‪‬‬
‫‪ 13x − 7y = −1‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻨﻪ )‪13(x − 1) = 7(y − 2‬‬ ‫‪/1‬‬
‫‪ 13(1) − 7(2) = −1‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫)‪ 7 \ 13(x − 1‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻏﻮﺹ ‪ 7 \ x − 1‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ‪k ∈ Z‬‬
‫‪:‬ﻧ‬
‫‪x = 7k + 1‬‬
‫‪ PGC D(7; 13) = 1‬‬
‫‪ y = 13k + 2‬؛ ﺣﻠﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ) ‪ (E‬ﻫﻲ‬ ‫‪k ∈Z‬‬ ‫)‪ 13(7k) = 7(y − 2‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ‬
‫‪S = {(7k + 1; 13k + 2)}; k ∈ Z‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﺎﻋﻢ‬
‫‪ a = 7α − 1‬‬ ‫]‪ a ≡ −1[7‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫)‪(β; α) = (7k + 1; 13k + 2‬‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫‪13β − 7α = −1‬‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫‪ a = 13β‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫]‪ a ≡≡ 0[13‬‬
‫‪/2‬‬

‫‪a = 91k + 13‬‬ ‫‪;k ∈ Z‬‬

‫]‪93k ≡ 1[7]; 93k+1 ≡ 2[7]; 93k+2 ≡ 4[7‬‬ ‫‪;k ∈ Z‬‬ ‫‪ 90 ≡ 1[7]; 91 ≡ 2[7]; 92 ≡ 4[7] /3‬؛ ]‪ 93 ≡ 1[7‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ‬
‫‪9‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪b = α00β086 = 6 + 8(9) + β(9)3 + α(9)6 /4‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫}‪α(9)6 + β(9)3 + |{z‬‬
‫]‪78 ≡ 0[7‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫]‪ | {z } | {z } ≡1[7‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫]‪ b ≡ 0[7‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫]‪≡1[7‬‬ ‫]‪≡1[7‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫]‪ b ≡ 0[91‬ﻳﻨﺘﺞ ﻋﻨﻪ‬
‫ﳏﻤﺪ‬

‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫}‪α(9)6 + β(9)3 + |{z‬‬
‫]‪78 ≡ 0[13‬‬ ‫]‪b ≡ 0[13‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫} ‪ | {z } | {z‬‬
‫]‪≡1[13‬‬
‫]‪ ≡1[13] ≡1[13‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪ α + β = 91k + 13‬‬ ‫]‪ α + β ≡ −1[7‬‬ ‫]‪ α + β + 1 ≡ 0[7‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ‪α + β = 13‬‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻨﻪ‬
‫‪ 0 < α + β < 18‬‬ ‫]‪ α + β ≡ 0[13‬‬ ‫]‪ α + β ≡ 0[13‬‬

‫})‪(α; β) ∈ {(5; 8); (8; 5); (6; 7); (7; 6‬‬ ‫؛ ﺣﻴﺚ )‪α < 9‬؛ ‪ ( β < 9‬؛ ﻭﻣﻨﻪ‬

‫ﺣﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ‬
‫‪ ▲ 20‬ﻟﻠﻌﻮدةإﻟﻰ اﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ اﻧﻘﺮ ﻫﻨﺎ‬

‫‪ /1‬ﺃ( ‪ (n + 3)(3n 2 − 9n + 16) = 3n 3 − 11n + 48‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ‪n + 3 \ 3n 3 − 11n + 48‬‬

‫ﺏ( ﳑﻴ‪‬ﺰ ﺛﻼﺛﻲ ﺍﳊﺪﻭﺩ ‪ 3x 2 − 9x + 16‬ﻫﻮ ‪) ∆ = −111‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺳﺎﻟﺐ( ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘّﺎﱄ ‪ 3x 2 − 9x + 16 > 0‬ﻣﻬﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ‪x‬‬

‫ﻛﻞ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ‪ n‬ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ‪ 3n 2 − 9n + 16‬ﻫﻮ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻏﲑ ﻣﻌﺪﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ‪ R‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ّ‬

‫‪18‬‬
 ‫‪ /2‬ﻧﻀﻊ ‪ PGC D(a; b) = d‬ﻭ ‪PGC D(bc − a; b) = d ′‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪ d \ bc − a‬‬ ‫‪ d \a‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ‪d \ d ′‬‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻨﻪ‬
‫‪ d \b‬‬ ‫‪ d \b‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪ d ′ \ bc − a‬‬ ‫‪ d ′ \ bc − a‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ‪ d \ a‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ‪d \ d‬‬
‫‪′‬‬ ‫‪′‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ‬
‫‪ d ′ \ bc‬‬ ‫‪d \b‬‬

‫ﺍﻷ‬
‫)‪PGC D(a; b) = PGC D(bc − a; b‬‬ ‫ﳑﺎ ﺳﺒﻖ ‪ d = d ′ :‬ﺃﻱ‬
‫‪ /3‬ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ‪ a = 48; b = n + 3; c = 3n 2 − 9n + 16‬ﻭ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﺴﺆﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ﳒﺪ‬
‫)‪PGC D(3n 3 − 11n; n + 3) = PGC D(48; n + 3‬‬

‫ﺳﺘﺎﺫ‬
‫‪ /4‬ﺃ(‬
‫}‪D 48 = {1; 2; 3; 4; 6; 8; 12; 16; 24; 48‬‬
‫ﺏ( ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ‪ n + 3 ∈ N‬؛ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻁ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻡ ﻟﻜﻲ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ‪ A‬ﻋﺪﺩ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻫﻮ ‪ 3n 3 − 11n ≥ 0‬؛ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻁ ﳏﻘﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ‬
‫‪ n = 0‬ﺃﻭ ‪n ≥ 2‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ‪ n = 0‬؛ ‪ A = 0‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ‪A ∈ N‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ‪ n ≥ 2‬ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ‪ A ∈ N‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻭﻓﻘﻂ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ‪ n + 3 \ 3n 3 − 11n‬ﺃﻱ ‪PGC D(3n 3 − 11n; n + 3) = n + 3‬‬

‫ﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﺴﺆﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ﻧﺴﺘﻨﺘﺞ ﺃﻥ ‪ PGC D(48; n + 3) = n + 3 :‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ‪ n + 3 \ 48‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ‪ n + 3 ∈ D 48‬ﺃﻱ ∈ ‪n + 3‬‬
‫}‪{6; 8; 12; 16; 24; 48‬‬
‫}‪n ∈ {0; 3; 5; 9; 13; 21; 45‬‬ ‫ﻭ ﺑﺎﻟﺘّﺎﱄ ‪ n ∈ {3; 5; 9; 13; 21; 45} :‬؛ ﻗﻴﻢ ‪ n‬ﺣﺘﻰ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ‪ A‬ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻫﻲ‬
‫‪:‬ﻧ‬
‫‪ ▲ 21‬ﻟﻠﻌﻮدةإﻟﻰ اﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ اﻧﻘﺮ ﻫﻨﺎ‬‫ﺣﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ‬
‫‪ /1‬ﺃ( ]‪ 20 ≡ 1[7]; 21 ≡ 2[7]; 22 ≡ 4[7]; 23 ≡ 1[10‬؛‬
‫ﺎﻋﻢ‬
‫‪k ∈Z‬‬ ‫‪3k + 2‬‬ ‫‪3k + 1‬‬ ‫‪3k‬‬ ‫=‪n‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ‪:‬‬
‫]‪[7‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫≡ ‪2n‬‬
‫≡ ‪1954‬‬ ‫ﺏ( ]‪ 1962 ≡ 2[7‬؛ ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ]‪ 19621954 ≡ 21954[7‬؛ ‪ 1954 = 3 × 651 + 1‬ﺇﺫﻥ ]‪ 19621954 ≡ 2[7‬؛‬
‫]‪ 1[7‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ]‪ 19541962 ≡ 1[7‬؛ ]‪ 2015 ≡ 6[7‬؛ ]‪ 6 ≡ −1[7‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ]‪ 201553 ≡ −1[7‬ﻷﻥ ‪ 53‬ﻋﺪﺩ ﻓﺮﺩﻱ ﻭﻣﻨﻪ‬
‫]‪ 19621954 − 19541962 + 201553 ≡ 2 − 1 − 1[7‬ﺇﺫﻥ ]‪19621954 − 19541962 + 201553 ≡ 0[7‬‬
‫‪p‬‬
‫‪ /2‬ﺃ( ‪ 89 ≃ 9.4‬؛ ﻭ ‪ 89‬ﻻ ﻳﻘﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻷ ‪‬ﻭﻟﻴ‪‬ﺔ ‪ 2; 3; 5; 7‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ‪ 89‬ﺃ ‪‬ﻭﱄ‬
‫ﺏ( ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ‪ 7832 = 23 × 11 × 89‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴ‪‬ﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﺪﺩ ‪ 89‬ﻫﻮ ‪ (3 + 1)(1 + 1)(1 + 1) = 16‬ﻭ ﻫﻲ‬
‫ﳏﻤﺪ‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪20 × 11 × 89 = 979‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪20 × 110 × 89 = 89‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪20 × 11 × 890 = 11‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪20 × 110 × 890 = 1‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪ 21 × 11 × 89 = 1958‬‬ ‫‪ 21 × 110 × 89 = 178‬‬ ‫‪ 21 × 11 × 890 = 22‬‬ ‫‪ 21 × 110 × 890 = 2‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪ 2 0‬ﻭ‬ ‫‪ 2‬ﻭ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪22 × 11 × 89 = 3916‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪2 × 11 × 89 = 356‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪2 × 11 × 890 = 44‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪22 × 110 × 890 = 4‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪ 23 × 11 × 89 = 7832‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪ 23 × 110 × 89 = 712‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪ 23 × 11 × 890 = 88‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪ 23 × 110 × 890 = 8‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻨﻪ }‪D 7832 = {1; 2; 4; 8; 11; 22; 44; 88; 89; 178; 356; 712; 979; 1958; 3916; 7832‬‬
‫ﺝ( ﻧﻀﻊ )‪ d = PGC D(981; 977‬؛ ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ‪ d‬ﻳﻘﺴﻢ ‪ 981 − 977‬ﺃﻱ ‪ d‬ﻳﻘﺴﻢ ‪ 4‬ﺇﺫﻥ }‪d ∈ {1; 2; 4‬؛ ﻟﻜﻦ ‪ 2‬ﻭ ‪ 4‬ﻻ‬
‫ﻳﻘﺴﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻳﻦ ‪ 977‬ﻭ‪ 981‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ‪ PGC D(977; 981) = 1‬ﻓﻬﻤﺎ ﺇﺫﻥ ﺃ ‪‬ﻭﻟﻴﺎﻥ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‬

‫‪19‬‬
 ‫‪education-onec-dz.blogspot.com‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪x = 2x ′‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪ 4x ′2 − 4y ′2 = 31328‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪ x 2 − y 2 = 31328‬‬
‫]‪ 2x − 2y ≡ 8[22‬‬
‫‪  y = 2y ′‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫‪ ‬؛ ‪ PGC D(x; y) = 2‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫‪/3‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪x‬‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫‪y‬‬ ‫≡‬ ‫]‪8[22‬‬
‫‪ PGC D(x ′ , y ′ ) = 1‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪ (x ′ + y ′ )(x ′ − y ′ ) = 31328‬‬ ‫‪ x ′2 − y ′2 = 7832‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ) ‪ (x ′ − y ′‬ﻭ ) ‪ (x ′ + y ′‬ﻗﺎﲰﲔ ﻟﻠﻌﺪﺩ ‪7832‬‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻨﻪ‬
‫]‪ x ′ − y ′ ≡ 4[11‬‬ ‫]‪ x ′ − y ′ ≡ 4[11‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪ x ′ − y ′ = 4‬ﻭ ‪ x ′ + y ′ = 1958‬‬

‫ﺍﻷ‬
‫‪ x ′ − y ′ = 356‬ﻭ ‪ x ′ + y ′ = 22‬‬
‫ﻭﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﻗﺴﻤﺔ ‪ x ′ − y ′‬ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ 11‬ﻫﻮ ‪ 4‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪ x ′ − y ′ = 356‬‬ ‫‪ x′ − y′ = 4‬‬
‫‪ ،  ′ ′‬ﻣﻮ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ ﳒﺪ‬ ‫‪  ′ ′‬ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ ﳒﺪ ‪ x = 981‬ﻭ ‪ y = 977‬؛‬
‫‪′‬‬ ‫‪′‬‬

‫ﺳﺘﺎﺫ‬
‫‪x + y = 22‬‬ ‫‪x + y = 1958‬‬

‫‪ x ′ = 189‬ﻭ ‪) ، y ′ = −167‬ﻣﺮﻓﻮﺽ ﻷ ‪‬ﻥ ﺍﳊ ّﻠﲔ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻴﲔ (‬

‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘّﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﳒﺪ ‪ x = 981 × 2 = 1962‬ﻭ ‪y = 977 × 2 = 1954‬‬

‫‪ /4‬ﺃ( ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﱪﻫﻨﺔ ﺑﻴﺰﻭ ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ‪a‬ﺃ ‪‬ﻭﱄ ﻣﻊ ‪ b‬ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻩ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻋﺪﺩﺍﻥ ﺻﺤﻴﺤﺎﻥ ‪ α‬ﻭ ‪ β‬ﲝﻴﺚ )‪، αa + βb = 1 . . . (1‬‬
‫‪a‬ﺃ ‪‬ﻭﱄ ﻣﻊ ‪ c‬ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻩ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻋﺪﺩﺍﻥ ﺻﺤﻴﺤﺎﻥ ‪ α′‬ﻭ ‪ β′‬ﲝﻴﺚ‬
‫)‪α′ a + β′ c = 1 . . . (2‬‬

‫ﺑﻀﺮﺏ )‪ (1‬ﰲ )‪ (2‬ﳒﺪ ‪ (αa + βb)(α′ a + β′ c) = 1‬ﺃﻱ ‪αα′ a 2 + αaβ′ c + βbα′ a + βbββ′ c = 1‬‬

‫ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ‪ (αα′ a + αβ′c + βbα′)a + ββ′βbc = 1‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ‪ a‬ﻭ ‪ bc‬ﺃ ‪‬ﻭﻟﻴﺎﻥ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‬
‫‪:‬ﻧ‬
‫ﺏ( ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻖ ‪ PGC D(a; b) = 1‬ﳏﻘﻘﺔ ؛ ﻧﻔﺮﺽ ﺃﻥ )‪ PGC D(a; b n = 1‬ﻭ ﻧﱪﻫﻦ ﺃ ‪‬ﻥ )‪PGC D(a; b n+1 = 1‬‬
‫‪ PGC D(a; b) = 1‬ﻭ )‪ PGC D(a; b n = 1‬؛ ﻓﺤﺴﺐ ﻣﺎ ﺳﺒﻖ )‪ PGC D(a; b ×b n = 1‬ﻭ ﻣﻨﻪ = ‪PGC D(a; b n+1‬‬
‫ﻛﻞ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ‪PGC D(a; b n = 1) n‬‬‫)‪ 1‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ّ‬
‫ﺝ( )‪ PGC D(1954; 1962) = 2PGC D(977; 981‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ × ‪PGC D(19541962 ; 19621954 ) = 21954 PGC D(28‬‬
‫ﺎﻋﻢ‬
‫) ‪9771962 ; 9811954‬‬
‫ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ‪ PGC D(977; 981) = 1‬ﻓﺤﺴﺐ ﺏ( ‪ PGC D(9771962; 9811954) = 1‬ﻭ ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ‪ PGC D(2; 981) = 1‬ﻓﺤﺴﺐ‬
‫ﻳﻀﺎ ‪ PGC D(28 ; 9811954 ) = 1‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺃ( ‪PGC D(28 × 9771962 ; 9811954 ) = 1‬‬
‫ﺏ( ﺃ ً‬
‫‪PGC D(19541962 ; 19621954 ) = 21954‬‬

‫ﺣﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ‬
‫‪ ▲ 22‬ﻟﻠﻌﻮدةإﻟﻰ اﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ اﻧﻘﺮ ﻫﻨﺎ‬
‫ﳏﻤﺪ‬

‫‪ /1‬ﺭﻗﻢ ﺁﺣﺎﺩ ‪ n 5 − n‬ﻫﻮ ‪ 0‬ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻩ ‪ n 5 − n‬ﻳﻘﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ 10‬؛ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻮﺍﺳﻢ ‪ 10‬ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻗﺎﲰﲔ ﺃ ‪‬ﻭﻟﲔ ﳘﺎ ‪ 2‬ﻭ ‪5‬‬
‫)‪ n 5 − n = n(n 4 − 1) = n(n − 1)(n + 1)(n 2 + 1‬؛ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ )‪ n(n + 1‬ﻫﻮ ﺟﺪﺍء ﻋﺪﺩﻳﻦ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻴﲔ ﻣﺘﺘﺎﺑﻌﲔ ﻓﻬﻮ ﺇﺫﻥ‬
‫ﻋﺪﺩ ﺯﻭﺟﻲ ﺃﻱ ﻣﻀﺎﻋﻒ ﻟﻠﻌﺪﺩ ‪ 2‬؛ ﺇﺫﻥ ‪ n 5 − n‬ﻣﻀﺎﻋﻒ ﻟﻠﻌﺪﺩ ‪2‬‬

‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ‪ n‬ﻣﻀﺎﻋﻒ ﻟﻠﻌﺪﺩ ‪ 5‬ﻓﺈ ‪‬ﻥ ‪ n 5 − n‬ﻣﻀﺎﻋﻒ ﻟﻠﻌﺪﺩ ‪5‬‬

‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ‪ n‬ﻟﻴﺲ ﻣﻀﺎﻋﻒ ﻟـ ‪ 5‬ﻓﺈ ‪‬ﻥ ﺑﻮﺍﻗﻲ ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ 5‬ﻫﻲ ‪ 1‬ﺃﻭ ‪ 2‬؛ ﺃﻭ ‪ 3‬؛ ﺃﻭ ‪4‬‬

‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﻗﺴﻤﺔ ‪ n‬ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ 5‬ﻫﻮ ‪ 1‬ﻓﺈ ‪‬ﻥ ‪ n − 1‬ﻣﻀﺎﻋﻒ ﻟﻠﻌﺪﺩ ‪ 5‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ‪ n 5 − n‬ﻣﻀﺎﻋﻒ ﻟﻠﻌﺪﺩ ‪5‬‬

‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﻗﺴﻤﺔ ‪ n‬ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ 5‬ﻫﻮ ‪ 4‬ﻓﺈ ‪‬ﻥ ‪ n + 1‬ﻣﻀﺎﻋﻒ ﻟﻠﻌﺪﺩ ‪ 5‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ‪ n 5 − n‬ﻣﻀﺎﻋﻒ ﻟﻠﻌﺪﺩ ‪5‬‬

‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﻗﺴﻤﺔ ‪ n‬ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ 5‬ﻫﻮ ‪ r‬ﺣﻴﺚ }‪ r ∈ {2; 3‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ‪ n = 5k + r‬ﺇﺫﻥ ‪n 2 = 25k 2 + 10k × r + r 2‬؛ﻭﻣﻨﻪ‬
‫‪n 2 + 1 = 25k 2 + 10k × r + r 2 + 1‬‬

‫‪20‬‬
‫‪n5 − n‬‬ ‫}‪ r ∈ {2; 3‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ‪ n 2 + 1 = 25k 2 + 20k + 5‬ﺃﻭ ‪ n 2 + 1 = 25k 2 + 30k + 10‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ‪ n 2 + 1‬ﻣﻀﺎﻋﻒ ﻟـ ‪ 5‬ﺇﺫﻥ‬
‫ﻣﻀﺎﻋﻒ ﻟﻠﻌﺪﺩ ‪5‬‬
‫ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﺍﳊﺎﻻﺕ ‪ n 5 − n‬ﻣﻀﺎﻋﻒ ﻟﻠﻌﺪﺩ ‪ 5‬ﻭ ﻣﻀﺎﻋﻒ ﻟﻠﻌﺪﺩ ‪ 2‬ﺇﺫﻥ ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﻀﺎﻋﻒ ﻟﻠﻌﺪﺩ ‪ 10‬ﻭ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ ﺭﻗﻢ ﺁﺣﺎﺩﻩ ‪0‬‬

‫‪ n p+1 /2‬ﻭ ‪ n p+5‬ﳍﻤﺎ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺭﻗﻢ ﺍﻵﺣﺎﺩ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻩ ﺭﻗﻢ ﺁﺣﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ‪ n p+5 − n p+1‬ﻫﻮ ‪0‬‬

‫ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ )‪n p+5 − n p+1 = n p (n 5 − n‬؛ ﳑﺎ ﺳﺒﻖ ‪ n 5 − n‬ﺭﻗﻢ ﺁﺣﺪﻩ ‪ 0‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ‪ n p+5 − n p+1‬ﺭﻗﻢ ﺁﺣﺪﻩ ﻫﻮ ‪ 0‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ‪n p+1‬‬

‫ﺍﻷ‬
‫ﻭ ‪ n p+5‬ﳍﻤﺎ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺭﻗﻢ ﺍﻵﺣﺎﺩ‬

‫ﺳﺘﺎﺫ‬
‫ﺣﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ‬
‫‪ ▲ 23‬ﻟﻠﻌﻮدةإﻟﻰ اﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ اﻧﻘﺮ ﻫﻨﺎ‬

‫ﻹﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﺃ ‪‬ﻥ ‪ n 7 − n‬ﻳﻘﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ 14‬ﻳﻜﻔﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻧﺜﺒﺖ ﺃﻧّﻪ ﻳﻘﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ 2‬ﻭ ‪ 7‬ﻷﻧّﻬﻤﺎ ﺃ ‪‬ﻭﻟﻴﺎﻥ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ )‪n 7 − n = n(n 6 − 1) = n(n − 1)(n 2 + n + 1)(n 3 + 1‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ )‪ n(n − 1‬ﻫﻮ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺯﻭﺟﻲ ﻷﻧّﻪ ﺟﺪﺍء ﻋﺪﺩﻳﻦ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻴﲔ ﻣﺘﺘﺎﺑﻌﲔ ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ‪ n 7 − n‬ﻳﻘﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪2‬؛ ﳝﻜﻦ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﻧﺜﺒﺖ ﺃ ‪‬ﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ‪ n 7 − n‬ﻳﻘﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ 7‬ﻭ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﺘﻤﻴﻴﺰ ﺍﳊﺎﻻﺕ‬
‫‪n = 7k; n = 7k + 1; n = 7k + 2; n = 7k + 3; n = 7k + 4; n = 7k + 5; n = 7k + 6‬‬
‫‪14‬‬ ‫ﲟﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ‪ n 7 − n‬ﻳﻘﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ 2‬ﻭ ‪ 7‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻳﻘﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ 14‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﻀﺎﻋﻒ ﻟـ‬
‫‪:‬ﻧ‬
‫‪ ▲ 25‬ﻟﻠﻌﻮدةإﻟﻰ اﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ اﻧﻘﺮ ﻫﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ‬
‫‪ p = 2 /1‬ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ‪ E‬ﺗﺼﺒﺢ ‪ x 2 + y 2 = 4‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ‪ y 2 = 4−x 2‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ )‪ y 2 = (2−x)(2+x‬ﻭ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ‪ 2−x > 0‬ﻭ ‪x +2 > 0‬‬

‫ﻷ ‪‬ﻥ ⋆‪ y ∈ N‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ‪ x < 2‬ﻭ ⋆‪ x ∈ N‬ﺇﺫﻥ ‪x = 1‬‬

‫ﺎﻋﻢ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ‪ E‬ﺗﺼﺒﺢ ‪ y 2 = 3‬ﻭ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﻷﺧﲑﺓ ﻻ ﺗﻘﺒﻞ ﺣﻠﻮ ًﻻ ﰲ ⋆‪N‬؛ ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ‪ E‬ﻻ ﺗﻘﺒﻞ ﺣﻠﻮ ًﻻ ﰲ ⋆‪ N‬ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺃﺟﻞ ‪p = 2‬‬
‫‪ /2‬ﺃ( ﻧﻔﺮﺽ ‪ p ̸= 2‬ﻭ )‪ (x; y‬ﺣﻞ ﻟـ ‪E‬‬
‫ﻧﻔﺮﺽ ﺃ ‪‬ﻥ ‪ x‬ﻭ ‪ y‬ﺯﻭﺟﻴﺎﻥ ﺃﻱ ‪ x = 2ℓ‬ﻭ ‪ y = 2ℓ′‬ﺣﻴﺚ ‪ ℓ; ℓ′‬ﻋﺪﺩﺍﻥ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻴﺎﻥ ؛ ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ‪ 4ℓ2 + 4ℓ′2 = p 2‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ‬
‫‪ 2(2ℓ2 + 2ℓ′2 ) = p 2‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ‪ 2‬ﻳﻘﺴﻢ ‪ p 2‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ‪ 2‬ﻳﻘﺴﻢ ‪ p‬ﻭ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺗﻨﺎﻗﺾ ﻷ ‪‬ﻥ ‪ p‬ﺃ ‪‬ﻭﱄ ﻭ ‪p ̸= 2‬‬

‫ﻧﻔﺮﺽ ﺃ ‪‬ﻥ ‪ x‬ﻭ ‪ y‬ﻓﺮﺩﻳﺎﻥ ﺃﻱ ‪ x = 2ℓ+‬ﻭ ‪ y = 2ℓ′ + 1‬ﺣﻴﺚ ‪ ℓ; ℓ′‬ﻋﺪﺩﺍﻥ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻴﺎﻥ ؛ ﻭﻣﻨﻪ‬
‫ﳏﻤﺪ‬

‫‪ 2(2ℓ2 + 2ℓ + 2ℓ′2 + 2ℓ′ + 1) = p 2‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ‪ 2‬ﻳﻘﺴﻢ ‪ p 2‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ‪ 2‬ﻳﻘﺴﻢ ‪ p‬ﻭ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺗﻨﺎﻗﺾ ﻷ ‪‬ﻥ ‪ p‬ﺃ ‪‬ﻭﱄ ﻭ ‪p ̸= 2‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ‪x‬ﻭ ‪ y‬ﻣﻦ ﺷﻔﻌﻴﺘﺎﻥ ﳐﺘﻠﻔﺘﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺏ( ﻧﻔﺮﺽ ﺃ ‪‬ﻥ ‪ p‬ﻳﻘﺴﻢ ‪ x‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ‪ x = pk‬ﺣﻴﺚ ‪ k ∈ N‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ) ‪ ، y 2 = p 2 (1 − k 2‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ‪ 1 Ê k‬ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ‪ k = 0‬ﺃﻭ ‪k = 1‬‬

‫ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ‪ k = 0‬ﳒﺪ ‪ x = 0‬؛ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ‪ k = 1‬ﳒﺪ ‪ y = 0‬؛ ﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﺍﻥ ‪ x‬ﻭ ‪ y‬ﻋﺪﺩﺍﻥ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻴﺎﻥ ﻏﲑ ﻣﻌﺪﻭﻣﲔ‬
‫ﻧﺼﻞ ﺇﱃ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﻓﱰﺿﻨﺎ ﺃ ‪‬ﻥ ‪ p‬ﻳﻘﺴﻢ ‪ y‬؛ ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ‪ p‬ﻻ ﻳﻘﺴﻢ ‪ x‬ﻭ ﻻ ﻳﻘﺴﻢ ‪y‬‬
‫ﺝ( ﻧﻀﻊ ‪ PGC D(x 2 ; y 2 ) = d‬؛ ‪ d \ x 2‬ﻭ ‪ d \ y 2‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ‪ d \ x 2 + y 2‬ﻭ ﻣﻨﻪ ‪ d \ p 2‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ } ‪d ∈ {1; p; p 2‬‬

‫ﺩ( ﲟﺎ ﺃﻥ ‪ p‬ﻻ ﻳﻘﺴﻢ ‪ x‬ﻭ ﻻ ﻳﻘﺴﻢ ‪ y‬ﻭ ﻣﻨﻪ ‪ d ̸= p‬ﻭ ‪ d ̸= p 2‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ‪ d = 1‬؛ ﺇﺫﻥ ‪ x‬ﻭ ‪ y‬ﺃ ‪‬ﻭﻟﻴﺎﻥ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‬
‫‪ /3‬ﺃ( ) ‪ (|u 2 − v 2|; 2uv‬ﺣﻞ ﻟـ ‪ E‬ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻩ ‪ (u 2 − v 2)2 + (2uv )2 = (u 2 + v 2)2‬؛ ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻄﺤﻘﻖ ﺑﺴﻴﻂ‬
‫ﺏ( ﰲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ‪ p = 5‬ﺃﻱ ‪ p = 12 +22‬ﻣﻢ ﺳﺒﻖ ﳒﺪ )‪ (3; 4‬ﺣﻞ ﻟـ ‪ E‬؛ ﻭ ﰲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ‪ p = 13‬ﺃﻱ ‪ p = 32 +22‬ﺇﺫﻥ )‪(5; 12‬‬

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 ‫‪education-onec-dz.blogspot.com‬‬
‫ﺣﻞ ﻟـ‬
‫‪E‬‬
‫‪ /4‬ﺃ( ‪ p = 3‬؛ ﻧﻔﺮﺽ ﺃ ‪‬ﻥ ‪ u 2 + v 2 = 3‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ‪ u 2 = 3 − v 2‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ‪ v 2 < 3‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ‪ v 2 = 1‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ‪ v = 1‬ﺇﺫﻥ ‪ u 2 = 2‬؛‬
‫ﻟﻜﻦ ‪ 2‬ﻟﻴﺲ ﻣﺮﺑﻌﺎ ﺗﺎﻣﺎ ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ‪ 3‬ﻟﻴﺲ ﳎﻤﻮﻉ ﻣﺮﺑ‪‬ﻌﲔ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ‪ E‬ﺗﺼﺒﺢ ‪ x 2 + y 2 = 9‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ‬

‫ﺣﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ‬

‫ﺍﻷ‬
‫‪ ▲ 26‬ﻟﻠﻌﻮدةإﻟﻰ اﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ اﻧﻘﺮ ﻫﻨﺎ‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪ x = 5k + 3‬‬ ‫]‪ x ≡ 3[5‬‬
‫]‪25k ≡ 2[6‬‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ‪ 5k = 6k ′ − 2‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ]‪ 5k ≡ −2[6‬ﺃﻱ ]‪ 5k ≡ 4[6‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫‪ x = 6k ′ + 1‬‬
‫ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻩ‬ ‫]‪ x ≡ 1[6‬‬
‫ﺃ(‬
‫]‪ k ≡ 2[6‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ‪ k = 6ℓ + 2‬ﺇﺫﻥ ‪ℓ ∈ Z‬‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻨﻪ‬

‫ﺳﺘﺎﺫ‬
‫;‪x = 30ℓ + 13‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫]‪ 3x ≡ 3[6‬‬ ‫]‪ x ≡ 1[2‬‬ ‫]‪ 2x ≡ 2[4‬‬
‫;‪x = 6ℓ + 1‬‬ ‫‪ℓ∈Z‬‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ]‪ x ≡ 1[6‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫]‪ 2x ≡ 2[6‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫]‪ x ≡ 1[3‬‬
‫ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻩ‬ ‫]‪ 4x ≡ 1[3‬‬
‫ﺏ(‬

‫ﺣﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ‬
‫‪ ▲ 28‬ﻟﻠﻌﻮدةإﻟﻰ اﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ اﻧﻘﺮ ﻫﻨﺎ‬

‫‪ /1‬ﺍﳊﺮﻑ )ﺙ ( ﳛﻮ‪‬ﻝ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳊﺮﻑ )ﺫ( ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻩ ‪ x = 3‬ﺗﺮﻓﻖ ﺑـ ‪ y = 8‬ﺃﻱ ]‪ 8 ≡ 3a + b[28‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ]‪ 3a + b ≡ 8[28‬؛‬

‫ﺍﳊﺮﻑ )ﺹ( ﳛﻮ‪‬ﻝ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳊﺮﻑ )ﺥ( ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻩ ‪ x = 13‬ﺗﺮﻓﻖ ﺑـ ‪ y = 6‬ﺃﻱ ]‪ 6 ≡ 13a + b[28‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ]‪13a + b ≡ 6[28‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ‬
‫‪‬‬
‫]‪ 13a + b ≡ 6[28‬‬
‫ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ‬
‫‪:‬ﻧ‬
‫]‪ 3a + b ≡ 8[28‬‬

‫‪ /2‬ﳑﺎ ﺳﺒﻖ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ّﻟﻄﺮﺡ ﻃﺮﻓﺎ ﻟﻄﺮﻑ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻓﻘﺘﲔ ﳒﺪ ]‪ 10a ≡ −2[28‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ]‪ 5a ≡ −1[14‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ‪ 5a = 14k − 1‬ﻣﻊ‬
‫‪k ∈Z‬‬
‫ﺎﻋﻢ‬
‫]‪a ≡ 11[14‬‬ ‫‪ /3‬ﺃ( ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ]‪ 5a ≡ −1[14‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ]‪ 15a ≡ −3[14‬ﺣﺴﺐ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻓﻘﺎﺕ ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ]‪ a ≡ −3[14‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ‬
‫ﺏ( ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ‪ 0 É a É 27‬؛ ]‪ a ≡ 11[14‬ﻭ ‪ a‬ﺃ ‪‬ﻭﱄ ﺇﺫﻥ ‪a = 11‬‬

‫ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎﻥ ]‪ 13a + b ≡ 6[28‬ﺃﻱ ]‪ 13 × 11 + b ≡ 6[28‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ]‪ b ≡ −137[28‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ]‪ b ≡ 3[28‬ﻭ ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ‪ 0 É b É 27‬ﺇﺫﻥ‬

‫‪b =3‬‬
‫]‪y ≡ 11x + 3[28‬‬ ‫ﳑﺎ ﺳﺒﻖ ﳒﺪ ‪ a = 11‬ﻭ ‪ b = 3‬ﻭ ﻳﺼﺒﺢ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻔﲑ ﺍﻟﺘﺂﻟﻔﻲ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‬
‫ﺝ( ‪ 11‬ﺃ ‪‬ﻭﱄ ﻻ ﻳﻘﺴﻢ ‪ 28‬ﺇﺫﻥ ‪ PGC D(11; 28) = 1‬ﻭ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﺍﻥ ‪ 11‬ﻭ ‪ 28‬ﺃ ‪‬ﻭﻟﻴﺎﻥ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‬
‫ﳏﻤﺪ‬

‫‪ /4‬ﳝﻜﻦ ﺍﻵﻥ ﺇﳚﺎﺩ ﺗﺸﻔﲑ ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﻄﺎﺓ ؛ ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ ﺃﺩﻧﺎﻩ ﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻔﲑ ﺍﶈﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬

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 ‫ﺍﻷ‬
‫ﺳﺘﺎﺫ‬ ‫ﺣﻞ ﺗﺸﻔﲑ ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ ﺍ ‪‬ﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻫﻮ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻓﻘﺎﺕ ﰲ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺍﻷﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﻪ‬
‫‪:‬ﻧ‬
‫‪education-onec-dz.blogspot.com‬‬
‫ﺎﻋﻢ‬
‫ﳏﻤﺪ‬

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