New Era University

Civil Engineering Department

LABORATORY 3

Rating

Submitted by: Arevalo, Ejaymark

Submitted to : Engr. Aureada Randy

 Objectives:
• This test method is used to determine the density and
water content of compacted soils placedduring the
construction of earth embankments, road fill, and
structural backfill. It often is used as abasis of
acceptance for soils compacted to a specified density
or percentage of a maximum densitydetermined by a
test method, such as Test Methods D698 or D1557.
3. Equipment and Tools:

• Sand Cone
• Base Plate
• Balance
• Sand Cone Density Sand,
• chisel
• Container
4. Materials:

• Field Soil Sample

5.) PPE(Personal Protective Equipment):
6. Safety glasses

• Safety frames are stronger than street-

wear frames and are often heat resistant.
They are also designed to prevent lenses
from being pushed into the eyes.
7. Safety Shoes

• A pair of safety shoes (also known as safety boots) is

personal protective equipment (PPE) for foot protection at
workplaces. It prevents from getting foot injuries due to
slippery surface, heavy falling or rolling objects, sharp piercing
edges, pinch points, rotary machinery, hot objects, loops of
ropes under tension, splinters, electricity, chemicals or even
bad weather etc. Occupational Safety and Health
Administration (OSHA) requires the employers to ensure that
the employees use protective footwear while working in the
areas where there are dangers of foot injuries.
8.
9. Hard hat

• A hard hat is an article of personal protective clothing

(PPE) used to protect the head from falling objects,
impacts from falls, and other types of head trauma. So-called
hard hats that do not provide adequate protection from falling
objects or high impact blows to the head are known as "bump
caps."
10. Hearing Protection

• There are, generally, two types of hearing protectors used: ear

muffs (also called ear defenders) and earplugs. Earplugs -
there are three types of earplugs depending on the materials
they are made from and their shapes. ... This option allows for
a personalized fit to individuals ear canal, ensuring total
comfort.
11. Disposable Rubber Gloves

• We often think of gloves as…well, just gloves. But they're

more than that. Gloves have become one of the most
important pieces of PPE that one can wear on the job.
Typically, they help protect our hands against scrapes and
scratches. More specialized gloves help protect us from cuts
and others against chemicals or contaminants. But gloves are
much more than that: They actually help us work faster and
better, thanks to amazing new designs and materials.
12. Test Procedure:
• (1). Inspect the cone apparatus for damage, free rotation of
the valve, and properly matched baseplate. Fill the cone
container with conditioned sand and determine the Weigh the
mass by using weighing scale and record it name it (M1)

• (2). Place the metal tray on the leveled surface.

• (3). Excavate the soil through the central hole of the tray, using the
hole in the tray as a pattern. The depth of the excavated hole must
be about 150mm

• (4). Collect all the excavated soil in a metal container and

determine the mass of the soil (M)

• (5). Remove the metal tray in the excavated hole.

13.
• 6.) Fill the sand pouring cylinder within 10mm of its top.
Determine its mass (M1).

• 7.) The next step is to place the sand cone above the hole of
the base plate and open the shutter valve. The sand will
entirely fill the excavated area.

• 8.) Now close the shutter valve and determine the weight of
the remaining sand inside the cone. Record this weight as W3.
The weight of the sand required to fill the hole will be
determined as W1-W3.
• 9.)Now determine the volume of the excavated hole indirectly
by using the known density of the sand and the determined
weight
14. Calculations:
• weight of the sand cone filled with sand = W1 =
___________________ grams

• Weight of the excavated soil = W2 = _______________________

grams

• Weight of the remaining sand with cone = W3 = _______________

grams

• weight of the sand required to fill hole = Wh = W2 – W3

• Volume of the hole Vh = Wh / D where (D is the density of the

sand used)
15. Calculations:
• Bulk density of the soil = Vb = W2 / Vh

• Moisture content = M %

• dry density = Vd = (Vb) / (1+M)

 Reference:

• https://definecivil.com/sand-cone-test/

• https://www.studocu.com/ph/document/rizal-technological-
university/bs-electrical-engineering/field-density-test-sand-
cone-
method/6350404?fbclid=IwAR2yl32E3pebSRaevdcxeKy1F71
EpFQxoYfvXMd3Oug0toAAssAAOXEkSLA