Explanatory Notes for ELT1002133
Solutions for questions 1 to 24:
1. Irony refers to something happening in a way contrary to
what is expected – here, in medieval Europe, under the
expansion of Christianity, attempts were made to suppress
folk music, but what actually happened is that some aspects
of European folk music became assimilated into medieval
Christian liturgical music.
(A) This tone is not warranted.
(B) This tone is not warranted.
(C) Correct. What happened as a result of suppressing folk
music is that folk music made inroads into liturgical
music.
(D) This answer understates the case. Choice (C)
2. The passage mentions that folk music came to be venerated
as a spontaneous creation of peoples unencumbered by
artistic self-consciousness and aesthetic theories, thus
option C is incorrect, folk music carried no such baggage.
(A) Refer to “some aspects of European folk music became
assimilated into medieval Christian liturgical music, and
vice versa.”
(B) Refer to “The humanistic attitudes of the Renaissance,
which brought about the elevation of nature and of
antiquity, encouraged the acceptance of folk music.”
(C) Correct. Folk music was considered to embody the
common experience of inhabitants of the locale.
(D) Refer to “Popular music, like folk music, has become a
significant marker of ethnicity and nation, and folk
music has become gradually more like popular
music…” Choice (C)
3. The passage mentions “Renaissance composers made
extensive use of folk and popular music. Typical genres
include polyphonic folk song settings and folk song
quodlibets, or combinations of familiar songs,” which
validates A, “the common experience of inhabitants of the
locale. These traits make folk music a fructifying source for
art music,” which credits B, and “such cross-fertilization that
a given song may sometimes be called both folk and
popular,” which credits C.
(A) Refer to the above explanation.
(B) Refer to the above explanation.
(C) Refer to the above explanation.
(D) Correct. Refer to the above explanation.
Choice (D)
4. “Folk music lives in oral tradition” supports (A), “the rural and
archaic evocations of its texts” supports (C), and “folk music
has become gradually more like popular music” supports
(D).
(A) Refer to the above explanation.
(B) Correct. The author does not relate folk to either.
(C) Refer to the above explanation.
(D) Refer to the above explanation. Choice (B)
5. Refer to “a spontaneous creation of peoples unencumbered
by … self-consciousness … considered to embody the
common experience of inhabitants of the locale … These
traits make folk music a fructifying source for art music.”
(A) The passage does not mention that Western
intellectuals shunned art music, rather, it was
otherwise.
(B) The passage does not mention that people clamored
for an exclusive ethnic identity.
(C) The passage states that folk was devoid of self-
consciousness, not that it was stripped of artistic
inhibitions and aesthetic theories.
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(D) Correct. Refer to the above explanation.
Choice (D)
6. In the passage, the author throws light on some assumptions
about grief management that are not helpful and enlightens
us on what can be done instead, on a case to case basis to
contribute to a humane and productive business culture.
(A) The passage does not focus exclusively on Elizabeth
Kubler-Ross’ model.
(B) Correct. The author sheds light on common
assumptions we make about dealing with grief at work.
(C) The author does not mention influences as such.
(D) The author does not present any alternative theory as
such. Choice (B)
7. The passage mentions that “Compensating for an employee
who is missing work is a legitimate concern but pushing a
person who is temporarily unable to respond is
counterproductive.” Thus, a genuine concern for an
employee who is missing work due to grief-related reasons
would be their capacity to be effective at work and the
financial burden of taking additional time off.
(A) This statement pertains to leaders, not an employee
who is missing work due to grief-related reasons.
(B) This statement pertains to managers, not an employee
who’s missing work due to grief-related reasons.
(C) Correct, given that some employees who are missing
work due to grief-related reasons find it hard to be at
work or can only cope with the office environment for a
few hours at a time.
(D) This statement in not put into context.
Choice (C)
8. When we approach those who are bereaved with the sincere
intention of reducing the burden on them, we simultaneously
reduce costs to the business. Choice (C) is an assumption
that is counterproductive, according to the passage, “what
she needed more was to be seen — for people to
acknowledge that she had experienced a significant loss.”
Choice (C)
9. The passage mentions that “It’s important for managers to
recognize that grief and trauma — or even delayed trauma
— can be unpredictable and oscillate between phases.”
Hence, the assumption that “They’ll progressively feel better
each day and finish grieving in a timely way, certainly by year
one” is not reliable.
(A) It does not refer to residual grief, but initial trauma.
(B) It does not refer to residual grief, but initial trauma.
(C) This observation while thoughtful does not address the
question.
(D) Correct. Delayed trauma can be unpredictable.
Choice (D)
10. The word “empathize” means to approach those who are
bereaved with the sincere intention of reducing the burden
on them, while simultaneously reducing costs to the
business. To empathize means to understand and share the
feelings of another. For example, easily delegated tasks can
be shared among willing team members.
(A) This does not relate to the question as such.
(B) This does not enlighten us on empathy.
(C) Correct. Empathy is to understand a grieving co-worker
and help put them back on their feet again.
(D) This does not relate to the question as such.
Choice (C)
ELT1002133.Exp/1
11. Affective relates to moods, feelings, and attitudes. Thus, in
the context of the passage, (C) would be best on an
introductory note.
(A) This does not refer to the ‘affective’ part.
(B) Peace and placelessness are far removed from the
immediate context of the question.
(C) Correct. Affective ties refer to values that attach people
to places.
(D) This answer choice is premature.
Choice (C)
12. British-American poet Auden, while promoting English poet
John Betjeman’s ‘Slick but not Streamlined’, hoped that it will
inspire American topophils to take poetry seriously and
American poets to take topophilia seriously, implying that
people should love places and write poems on the places
they love.
(A) The passage does not specifically mention landscapes.
(B) The context does not mention challenges as such.
(C) The context makes no such specific recommendation.
(D) Correct. The places Betjeman loved and wrote poems
about were mostly the interwar suburbs of England.
Choice (D)
13. The possessor of a simple locked container was immediately
in a superior position to her peers. A single lock made her
unimaginably luckier than another with, at most, a hiding
place under a floorboard. That box or drawer, with its key,
pointed to a tiny, invaluable measure of privacy, and the
securing of personal space, especially in crowded, shared
rooms.
(A) This is a shared space, with little scope of being
defended against adverse forces.
(B) This is a shared space, with little scope of being
defended against adverse forces.
(C) This is a shared space, with little scope of being
defended against adverse forces.
(D) Correct. The passage mentions “his investigations of
poetic images of “felicitous space” that “seek to
determine the human value of the sorts of space that
may be grasped, that may be defended against adverse
forces, the space that we love”. Many have a habit of
going to the safe and counting the money they have in
privacy, a preoccupation that gives them immeasurable
pleasure, understandably. Choice (D)
14. The question specifically mentions the sensual delight of
physical contact, hence only C can qualify, as it is connected
with the sense of touch.
(A) This would count as intangible.
(B) This would count as intangible.
(C) This would count as tactile.
(D) This would count as intangible. Choice (C)
15. The passage mentions that “One replied that his sense of
place had to do with being in a bar with a beer in his hand. I
suppose this attitude could be called topo-apathy,” which
implies indifference to a place as along as one’s comforts
are catered to from time to time.
(A) Correct. The author mentions topoapathy.
(B) This is not necessarily true. The author cites Bedford to
illustrate a different type of topophilia.
(C) This falls outside the scope of the passage.
(D) (B) and (C) are not true.
Choice (A)
16. The passage clearly mentions in the last paragraph: ‘Choice
overload can leave you frustrated with the decision process,
dissatisfied with the outcome, and disappointed with
yourself’.
(A) The passage does not mention the caveat ‘but only to
a certain extent’.
(B) Correct. The passage mentions ‘In Starbucks … being
dissatisfied with your drink…’.
(C) This choice is less concise than choice B.
(D) The passage does not mention extremes of being
cheated and being overwhelmed. Choice (B)
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17. The coffee chain Starbucks claims to offer more than 80,000
drink combinations, based on beans, flavour, milk, cup size
and so on and so forth. But the passage mentions that if
you’re surrounded by an abundance of options, you typically
end up less satisfied with your final decision than if you’d
been given fewer options in the first place. The converse is
do not worry, just grab a coffee, relax.
(A) This would lead to stress.
(B) Correct. Starbucks should offer a combination that
eliminates the mental effort of making choices.
(C) The customer would rather just walk away.
(D) This would lead to anxiety. Choice (B)
18. The passage mentions that ‘rather than getting rid of all
choices, we need to find a healthy compromise’.
(A) Refer to ‘Choice overload can leave you frustrated with
the decision process, dissatisfied with the outcome, and
disappointed with yourself’.
(B) Correct. A bias cannot be healthy in any sense; it
disempowers the consumer, and is not endorsed in the
passage.
(C) Refer to ‘Suddenly, some unwanted thoughts pop into
your mind’.
(D) Refer to ‘But picking a bean is only the first step. Next,
you have to decide on…’ Choice (B)
19. The passage mentions: ‘With all of the amazing options at
your disposal, you somehow managed to mess up the order
and are now left sipping what tastes like dishwater’.
(A) Refer to ‘Research shows that if you’re surrounded by
an abundance of options, you typically end up less
satisfied with your final decision than if you’d been given
fewer options in the first place.’
(B) Same as above
(C) Same as above
(D) Correct. Consumers think about attractive things
they’ve passed up and missed opportunities.
Choice (D)
20. Choice A defies received wisdom. Consumers are 10 times
more likely to purchase jam when offered six kinds instead
of 24. In other words, faced with too many choices, some
would throw up their hands and opt to buy no jam.
(A) Correct. It is the opposite of what is backed by scientific
research, hence it adds least depth to the author’s
hypothesis.
(B) A cereal is a cereal, discounting the myriad kinds.
(C) Water is water.
(D) Because creating a new brand of shampoo or laundry
detergent is expensive, companies often save money
by marketing products that differ only slightly from their
competitors’ products or other brands of their own.
Then they spend time convincing buyers that the
products are, in fact, very different. Choice (A)
21. Clinton taking $675,000 from Goldman is not going to go
down well with ordinary Americans, who would definitely rule
her out as elitist and insensitive. Clinton spoke to just about
anyone who would pay, including a scrap metal and
recycling conference in Las Vegas, the automobile dealers
association in New Orleans and the National Association of
Convenience Stores in Atlanta, which may tend to paint her
in unflattering colours as a person with unbridled ambition,
greedy, and not transformational.
(A) Correct. Clinton was ready to accept whatever money
Goldman Sachs offered without worrying about income
disparity and unequal distribution of wealth in the US.
(B) This is a political thought and she was the nominee at
that time, hence the answer is premature.
(C) The passage refers to corporate speeches and not
charity.
(D) This is an observation, backed by evidence, and not an
inference. Choice (A)
ELT1002133.Exp/2
22. In her speeches, Clinton appears to personify the
individualism and acquisitiveness rampant at the top in
America. Here at least she recognizes the “growing sense of
anxiety” and “even anger in the country.” Having said that,
she admits she can’t relate to it and implies she’s having
difficulty formulating policy to deal with it (which proved fatal
in the 2016 election). Newspaper stories about being “kind
of far removed because the life I’ve lived and the economic,
you know, fortunes that my husband and I now enjoy” would
definitely not endear her to working-class voters.
(A) This answer is not in the immediate context of the given
sentence.
(B) This answer, though mollifying, is not in the immediate
context of the given sentence.
(C) Maybe, but that’s not the immediate implication of the
sentence in question.
(D) Correct. Clinton is quite brazenly disconnecting herself
from the 99%. Choice (D)
23. This is notable because the blame Clinton places on Wall
Street for the 2008 crash is casual. The crash came about in
significant part because of the dismantling of banking
regulations by the successive administrations of her
husband Bill Clinton and George W. Bush. Rather than
calling for more regulation, breaking up banking monopolies,
or even nationalizing banks, she asks the very culprits to
“figure it out” so “we do it right this time.” Clinton’s use of “we”
underscores the barely covert ruling partnership of
government and private finance. Tellingly, she names only
two victims of Wall Street’s perfidy: Wall Street itself and
government — not ordinary Americans: “Everybody was
desperately trying to fend off the worst effects institutionally,
governmentally,” she says. “Everybody” apparently includes
only those in high finance and government.
(A) Clinton’s use of “we” underscores the brazen ruling
partnership of government and private finance.
(B) Clinton is addressing Wall Street in the context of
asking the very culprits to “figure it out” so “we do it right
this time.”
(C) “Everybody” apparently includes only those in high
finance and government.
(D) Correct. For all the above reasons.
Choice (D)
24. If Clinton complained about the nexus between business and
government, it would weaken the argument that she (the
government) is hand in glove with Wall Street (big business).
(A) This is unlikely to serve as a connect or a disconnect
between Clinton and the electorate.
(B) Correct. This calls into question the argument that
Clinton revealed her true contempt for everyday
Americans.
(C) This is unlikely to serve as a connect or a disconnect
between Clinton and the electorate.
(D) This is unlikely to serve as a connect or a disconnect
between Clinton and the electorate. Choice (B)
Solutions for questions 25 to 28:
25. The paragraph is about the sociology of celebrations.
Statement (4) – None except statement (4) is objective
in tone and grammar to start the idea
that informs us about the role of
celebrations in the drudgery of life.
Statement (3) – This elaborates on the same idea, and
hence follows (4).
Statement (1) – This brings in the constituents of
celebration that are common to all
societies, and can only be placed after
(3).
Statement (2) – ‘These considerations’ is a reference to
all the ones mentioned in the previous
statements, and it both follows next and
concludes the idea effectively.
Hence, 4,3,1,2 is the logical order of the jumbled sentences.
Ans: (4312)
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26. The sentences in the paragraph seek to explain the reasons
behind Mahatma Gandhi’s recognition as a leader of the
masses in each domain he worked.
Statement (2) – Initiates the idea by asking a question about
the ‘secret’ behind Gandhiji’s universal
fame, and prompts readers to think of
possible answers.
Statement (1) – Puts forth the main reason behind the same,
and follows (2).
Statement (4) – This explains the ‘culture of true character’
mentioned in (1), and comes next.
Statement (3) – Reinforces the fact about his character
stated in the preceding statements, and
effectively concludes the paragraph.
Therefore, the correct arrangement of the jumbled
sentences is 2143. Ans: (2143)
27. The jumbled sentences form a part of an opinionated piece
of writing about the Ayodhya Ram temple verdict; the author
feels that the SC prioritized communal harmony over
adjudication.
Statement (4) – Sets the tone for the theme of the paragraph
– peace versus justice, and opens the
paragraph.
Statement (3) – Elaborates on the idea by presenting the
issue – the Supreme Court verdict on
the Ayodhya temple, as an example of
how peace was given preference, and
puts things in a clearer perspective. The
‘path most conducive to social harmony’
is that of ‘peace’ as mentioned in the
previous statement.
Statement (2) – Expands on the same by stating how the
verdict is beneficial for the public at
large, and how it has helped check
further ramifications, and comes next.
Statement (1) – This echoes the tinge of bitterness that is
evident in the very first sentence, and
effectively wraps up the paragraph. The
conjunction ‘however’ helps interpret the
note of contradiction, and this statement
can only be placed at the conclusive
stage.
Thus, we arrive at final arrangement of the disordered
sentences as 4321. Ans: (4321)
28. The paragraph can begin only with 3, as 1 refers to ‘the live
auction’, 2 to ‘Another’, 4 begins with ‘And’, and 5 refers to
‘his’.
3 – Introduces Modi and his art
5 – Refers to an auction featuring ‘his’ (art) painting etc.
1 – ‘The live auction’ refers to ‘an auction’ in 5
4 – ‘It’ refers to ‘Battle of Ganga and Jamuna: Mahabharata
12’ – the Hussain painting mentioned in 1
2 – ‘Higher’ at ₹15.6 crores refers to ₹13.4 crore in 4
Ans: (35142)
Solutions for questions 29 to 31:
29.
3- Sentence 1 – ‘bank’ (Which bank?), 2 – ‘They’, 4 and 5 –
‘rates’ (Which rates?) cannot open the paragraph due to lack
of references. 3 introduces the Bank of England.
4 – It gives reasons for ‘rightly so’ in 3 – why BOE should
focus on buying more bonds, because negative interest
rates would be a silly flirtation.
2 – ‘They’ refers to ‘Negative interest rates’ in 4.
1 – Makes a case not to lower rates beyond 0 because the
interest rate has been lowered twice this year already to its
current 0.1%.
But 5 makes a case for negative interest rates which do not
fall within the purview of this paragraph at least.
The paragraph is 3421. Ans: (5)
ELT1002133.Exp/3
30. 3 – Sentence 1 – ‘the other’, 2 – ‘These’, 4 – ‘they’ and 5
‘That’ cannot begin the paragraph due to reference deficits.
But 3 refers to people who are repeatedly abandoned in
sequential relationships as the focus of the paragraph.
2 – ‘Well-meaning friends who push them to “just get over it,”
or imply that they are somehow responsible for their
relationships not working out’ refers to ‘others (who) often
judge them harshly’ in 3.
5 – ‘That’ refers to ‘they are somehow responsible for their
relationships not working out’ in 2.
4 – ‘When they are once again’ refers to ‘(after) having
usually tried everything they could to make their
relationships work’ in 5.
But 1 sadly refers to people who cannot give up their
romantic partners, no matter how clearly they know that the
relationship is over, whereas the paragraph focuses on
people who are repeatedly abandoned in sequential
relationships, hence 1 is the odd one out.
The paragraph is 3254. Ans: (1)
31. 4 – Sentence 1 – ‘Likewise’, and 3 – ‘the country’ cannot
begin the paragraph due to lack of references. 5 does not
mention the country, hence we are left with 2 and 4. Since 2
refers to the past tense and 4 to the present perfect, 4 is
more ideal to introduce the paragraph. 4 introduces
perseverance in a chosen field.
3- ‘A singular focus’ refers to ‘perseverance in a chosen field’
in 4.
5 – ‘Be it a tiny hole-in-the-wall joint offering smoked ramen
or a store selling nothing but freshly baked sweet potato’
refers to ‘highly specialized nature of shops and restaurants’
in 3. 5 offers examples of ‘the highly specialized nature of
shops and restaurants across the country’ in 3.
1 – ‘Likewise’ compares ‘the skills of craftsmen are passed
on from generation to generation’ to the ‘perseverance in a
chosen field’ mentioned in 4.
But 3 refers to Japan’s corporate cash reserves, hence it is
the odd one out.
The paragraph is 4351. Ans.(2)
Solutions for question 32 to 34:
32. The paragraph conveys that contrary to the belief that ritual
is little more than a curious fossil of pre-scientific culture,
which is doomed to extinction with the spread of rational
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discovery and invention, human society is as ritualistic today
as it has ever been. This sense is conveyed by option 3.
Choice 1: This option which states that ritual is a part of only
those cultures where science has not made inroads, is a
distortion of the original.
Choice 2: This option, which states that rituals have become
less widespread in the modern world, runs contrary to what
is stated in the passage.
Choice 3: Correct based on the explanation given at the
beginning.
Choice 4: This option cannot be deduced from the
information given in the passage. Ans : (3)
33. The passage mentions these important points:
- Contact sports are inherently violent
- Watching these sports makes us experience catharsis
- We release our pent-up aggression
- More the violence in sports, more the viewers
(1) This sums up the author’s position on the passage,
that aggression makes contact sports even more
popular.
(2) Unify is not mentioned in the passage as such.
(3) This view of what happens outside a stadium goes
outside the scope of the passage.
(4) This view that we condone violence is sports goes
outside the scope of the passage. The passage
mentions sanctioned violence, not condoned
violence. Ans : (1)
34. The paragraph raises the following concerns:
- Plato’s move against poetic and rhetorical language is
suspect
- Plato’s dialogues were themselves full of rhetorical
and poetic expressions
- There is little evidence of rationality in his philosophy
(1) This goes against the grain of the passage.
(2) This does not mention the concerns raised on the
nature of Plato’s philosophy.
(3) This does not mention the concerns raised on the
nature of Plato’s own philosophy, which was suspect.
(4) Correct. It covers the author’s position succinctly.
Ans : (4)
ELT1002133.Exp/4