BIRO KLASIFIKASI INDONESIA

RULES
FOR CONSTRUCTION AND CLASSIFICATION
OF OFFSHORE INSTALLATIONS

VOLUME 6
RULES FOR MOBILE OFFSHORE UNITS

EDITION 2011
ii Biro Klasifikasi Indonesia

The followingRules come into force on 1st May 2011

Reproduction in whole or in part by any means, is subject to

the permission in writing by Biro Klasifikasi Indonesia Head Office

Published by : Biro Klasifikasi Indonesia

 Table of Contents iii

Table of Contents

Section 1 Scope, Definitions and Procedures

A. Scope, Application ..................................................................................................................... 1- 1
B. Definitions .................................................................................................................................. 1- 1
C. Design Review ........................................................................................................................... 1- 2
D. Supervision of Fabrication and Installation ................................................................................ 1- 6
E. Testing and Commissioning ....................................................................................................... 1- 7

Section 2 Self-elevating Units

A. General ....................................................................................................................................... 2- 1
B. Structure ..................................................................................................................................... 2- 1
C. Stability ...................................................................................................................................... 2- 3

Section 3 Column Stabilized Units

A. General ....................................................................................................................................... 3- 1
B. Structure ..................................................................................................................................... 3- 2
C. Stability ...................................................................................................................................... 3- 4

Section 4 Surface Drilling Units

A. General ....................................................................................................................................... 4- 1
B. Structure ..................................................................................................................................... 4- 2
C. Stability ...................................................................................................................................... 4- 2
D. Drilling Facilities ....................................................................................................................... 4- 2
E. Safety Aspects ............................................................................................................................ 4- 3

Section 5 Pipelaying Units

A. General ....................................................................................................................................... 5- 1
B. Movement and Position Keeping ............................................................................................... 5- 1
C. Structure ..................................................................................................................................... 5- 4
D. Watertight Integrity and Stability ............................................................................................... 5- 4
E. Pipe-laying Facility ...................................................................................................................... 5- 5

Section 6 Well Stimulation Units

A. General ....................................................................................................................................... 6- 1
B. Special Safety Aspects ............................................................................................................... 6- 1
C. Position Keeping ........................................................................................................................ 6- 1
D. Well Stimulation Equipment ...................................................................................................... 6- 1
iv Table of Contents

Section 7 Subdivision, Stability and Load Line

A. General Remarks, Scope ............................................................................................................. 7- 1
B. Righting and Heeling Lever Curves ............................................................................................ 7- 1
C. Intact Stability Criteria ................................................................................................................ 7- 2
1. Standard criteria .......................................................................................................................... 7- 2
D. Inclining Test .............................................................................................................................. 7- 3
E. Subdivision and Damage Stability .............................................................................................. 7- 3
F. Extent of Damage ....................................................................................................................... 7- 4
G. Watertight Integrity ..................................................................................................................... 7- 5
H. Load Line .................................................................................................................................... 7- 6

Section 8 Mooring Equipment

A. General ........................................................................................................................................ 8- 1
B. Temporary Mooring Equipment ................................................................................................. 8- 1
C. Positional Mooring Equipment ................................................................................................... 8- 6

Section 9 Life-Saving Appliances

A. General ........................................................................................................................................ 9- 1
B. Life-Saving Appliances ............................................................................................................... 9- 1
C. Arrangement of Lifeboats and Liferafts ...................................................................................... 9- 2
D. Rescue Boats ............................................................................................................................... 9- 4

Annex A List of Standards, Codes, etc. Quoted

 Section 1-Scope, Definitions and Procedures A, B 1-1

Section 1
Scope, Definitions and Procedures

A. Scope, Application B. Definitions

1. Scope 1. Mobile offshore unit

A mobile offshore unit is any mobile offshore struc-
1.1 In this Volume the requirements for the ture or vessel, whether designed for operation afloat or
different types of mobile offshore units are defined. supported by the seabed, built in accordance with
these Rules and classed by BKI and includes the entire
1.2 Types of units structure and components covered by these Rules.

− units connected to the seabed by anchoring 2. Drilling unit

(mooring)
A drilling unit is any unit intended for use in offshore
− units kept on position by dynamic positioning/ drilling operations for the exploration or exploitation
of the sub-sea resources.
propelling system

− units connected by legs in jacked-up condition 3. Self-propelled unit

A self-propelled unit is an unit which is designed for
1.3 Materials used for construction of the hull un-assisted passage. All other units are considered as
non-self-propelled.
The following materials may be used for the main
structure/hull:
4. Length L
− steel, normally
4.1 Ship type units
− concrete, in exceptional cases The length L is the distance in metres on the summer
load waterline from the foreside of the stem to the
after side of the rudder post, or the centre of the rudder
2. Application stock, if there is no rudder post. L is not to be less than
96% and need not be greater than 97% of the extreme
2.1 The following types of employment have to length of the summer load waterline. In units with un-
be distinguished: usual stern and bow arrangement, the length L will be
specially considered.
− drilling/exploration
4.2 Other units
− self-elevating drilling units
The length L means 96 % of the total length on
− column stabilized drilling units a waterline at 85 % of the least moulded depth H
measured from the top of the keel, or the length from
− surface drilling units of ship or barge type the foreside of the stem to the axis of the rudder stock
− other types of drilling units on that waterline, if that be greater. In units designed
with a rake of keel, the waterline on which this length
− production, e.g. oil/gas is measured shall be parallel to the designed waterline.

− processing/treatment 5. Breadth B
− storage or loading on/off The breadth B is the greatest moulded breadth of the
unit.
− research, measurements
− construction / pipe-laying 6. Depth H
The depth H is the vertical distance, at the middle of
2.2 Manning the length L, from the base line to the top of the deck
beam at side of the uppermost continuous deck.
Only units continuously manned in operation mode
are considered.
1-2 Section 1-Scope, Definitions and Procedures C

In way of effective super structures the depth is to be
measured up to the super structure deck for deter-
mining the unit’s scantlings.
Effective super structures are extending into the range
of 0,4 L at midship and their length exceeds 0,15 L.
7. Draught T
The draught T is the vertical distance at the middle of
the length L from base line to freeboard marking for
summer load waterline.
8. Block coefficient CB
The moulded block coefficient CB at load
d r a u g h t T, based on the length L is defined as:
moulded volume of displacement [m3 ] at T
CB =
L‫ڄ‬B‫ڄ‬T
9. Frame spacing a
The frame spacing a will be measured from moulding
edge to moulding edge of frames.
documentation if that submitted is insufficient for an
assessment of the unit or essential parts thereof.
This may especially be the case for plants and equip-
ment related to new developments and/or which are
not tested on board to a sufficient extent.
2.1.3 Once the documents submitted have been
approved by BKI they are binding on the execution of
the work. Subsequent modifications and extensions re-
quire the approval of BKI before becoming effective.
2.2 Plans for the hull and design data
General specifications with an indication of the
intended use, design life, location and environment,
place(s) and period of construction and the main
stages of construction up to final assembly and/or
installation at sea.
Plans showing the scantlings, arrangements and details
of the principal parts of the hull are to be submitted for
approval before construction commences. These
drawings have to clearly indicate the scantlings,
types and grades of materials, joint details and
welding, or other methods of connection. These plans
are to include the following, where applicable:

10. Further definitions − general arrangement

For further definitions see Volume 1 – Rules for − specification of the assumed loads
Classification and Surveys, Section 1. − inboard and outboard profile
− summary of distributions of fixed and variable
weights
C. Design Review
− plan indicating design loads for all decks
1. Extent of review − transverse sections showing scantlings
Examination or verification of the following will be − longitudinal sections showing scantlings
under-taken:
− decks including helicopter deck
− design documents, such as load assessment and
stress analyses (as far as applicable), reports on − framing
model tests, design drawings − shell plating
− practical qualifications of manufacturing firms − watertight bulkheads and flats
and personnel suitability of the materials used
− structural bulkheads and flats
− erection procedure of the structure on land and
− tank boundaries with location of over flows
at the port
− structure in way of jacking or other elevating
− transportation procedures and jack-up
procedure, if applicable arrangements
− critical review of safety management − hulls, pontoons, legs, footings, pads or mats
system, see 4. − superstructures and deckhouses
− arrangement and details of watertight doors and
2. Documents for approval
hatches
2.1 General − anchor handling arrangements, mooring system
2.1.1 All documents have generally to be submitted − welding details and procedures, pre- and post-
to BKI in Bahasa Indonesia or English.
treatments
2.1.2 The general scope of documents is defined in − lines or offsets
2.2 to 2.6, the detailed scope will be defined case by
case. BKI reserve the right to demand additional − curves of form or equivalent data
 Section 1-Scope, Definitions and Procedures
− wind heeling moment curves or equivalent data
− capacity plan
− corrosion control arrangements
− methods and locations for non-destructive testing,
manufacturer’s quality control methods and test
procedures
− where appropriate, general arrangement of equip-
ment including calculations associated with the
transfer/installation mode
In addition an arrangement plan of watertight
compartments shall be submitted as early in the design
stage as possible, for review of damage stability. This
drawing is to indicate the watertight bulkheads, decks
and flats and all openings therein. Doors, hatches,
ventilators, etc. and their means of closure, are to be
indicated. Piping and ventilation systems shall be
shown in sufficient detail to evaluate their effects on
the watertight integrity after incurring damage.
2.3 Plans for machinery and electrical equip-
ment and design data
Plans are to be submitted showing the arrangement
and details of:
− general arrangement of machinery installations
and equipment
− general arrangement and design details of pro-
pulsion system
− auxiliary machinery
− steering gear
− boilers and pressure vessels
− general arrangement and particulars of the
electrical installation
− jacking system including description
− bilge and ballast systems
− fire extinguishing systems
− other pumps and piping systems
− working gear as far as it has been agreed to be in-
cluded in the design review
2.4 Safety aspects
− hazardous areas plan
− arrangement plans of safety devices and
equipment, e.g. fire extinguishing plan, escape
routes, life-saving appliances, structural fire pro-
tection
− operating instructions, as far as related to safety
− safety management plans, where applicable
C 1-3
2.5 Calculations
2.5.1 The following data and calculations are to be
submitted in conjunction with the scantling plans, as
may be applicable:
− structural analysis for relevant loading conditions
as agreed with BKI
− resultant forces and moments from wind, waves,
current, mooring and other environmental loading
taken into account in the structural analysis
− effect of icing on structural loading, stability and
windage area
− stability calculations, both intact and damaged,
over the appropriate range of drafts, including the
transit conditions
− significant operational loads from drilling derrick
and associated equipment, industrial items, etc,
and other significant loadings
− calculations substantiating adequacy of structure
to transmit forces between legs and hull through
the jacking or other elevating systems
− evaluation of the ability to resist overturning while
bearing on the seabed
2.5.2 Submitted calculations are to be suitably
referenced. Results from relevant model tests or
dynamic response calculations may be submitted as
alternatives or as substantiation for the required
calculations.
2.5.3 The choice of computer programs according
to the “State of the Art“ is free. It is recommended to
use computer programs which are approved by BKI in
advance as appropriate to solve the actual problems. If
the computer programs to be used are not known to
BKI, they may be checked by BKI through
comparative calculations with pre-defined test
examples. Reference applications, already achieved
approvals by other institutions and other relevant
information shall be provided in advance. A generally
valid approval for a computer program is, however,
not given by BKI.
The calculations have to be compiled in a way which
allows to identify and check all steps of the calcu-
lations with regard to input and output in an easy way.
Hand written, easily readable documents are accept-
able.
Comprehensive quantities of output data shall be
presented in graphic form. A written comment to
the main conclusions resulting from the calculations
has to be provided.
2.6 Further details
The necessary documentation is indicated in further
detail in the relevant Rules and Sections.
1-4 Section 1-Scope, Definitions and Procedures
2.7 Distribution of documents
The distribution of design documents according to
2.2 – 2.6 will be agreed upon in each individual
case, depending on the organization on owner's,
con-tractor's and/or fabricator’s side, and the
mandatory requirements of responsible
Administrations.
For the needs of BKI, general descriptions,
calculations and test reports have to be submitted in
duplicate, structural plans, detail drawings and buil-
ding/testing specifications in triplicate, one copy
of each being returned to the remitter with the
approval or review Notation.
3. Operating instructions
3.1 Operating Manual (Booklet)
An Operating Manual or equivalent is to be placed
on board of each unit. The booklet shall include the
following information, as applicable in the
parti-cular case, so as to provide suitable guidance
to the operating personnel with regard to safe
operation of the unit:
− general description / main characteristics
− pertinent data for each approved mode of
operation, including design and variable loading,
environmental conditions for the execution of
certain operations, e.g. jacking, drilling, etc.
− minimum anticipated atmospheric and sea tem-
peratures
− assumed seabed conditions and their control,
scouring, etc.
− admissible draft, or required distance of
certain parts from the water surface
− general arrangement showing watertight com-
partments, closures, vents, allowable deck
loading, etc.; if permanent ballast is used, the
weight, location and substance used are to be
clearly indicated
− hydrostatic curves or equivalent data
− capacity plan showing capacities of tanks,
centres of gravity, free surface corrections, etc.
− instructions for operation, including precautions
to be taken in adverse weather, changing mode
of operations, any inherent limitations of
operations, etc.
− plans and description of the ballast system
and instructions for ballasting
− hazardous areas plan
− light unit data on the results of an inclining
experiment, etc.
− stability information in the form of maximum
KG draught curve, or other suitable parameters
based upon compliance with the required intact
and stability criteria
C
− representative examples of loading conditions for
each approved mode of operation, together with
means for evaluation of other loading conditions
− details of emergency shutdown procedures
− identification of the helicopter used for the
design of the helicopter deck and procedure for
helicopter operations
− safety checks and maintenance work to be carried
through
− emergency procedures and rescue operations
− operating booklet for helicopter operation,
including helicopter data on which design is based
3.2 Construction Portfolio (Booklet)
A set of plan copies showing the exact location and
extent of application of different grades and strengths
of structural materials, together with a description of
the material and welding procedures involved, is to be
placed on board. Any other relevant construction
information is to be included in the booklet, including
restrictions or prohibitions regarding repairs or mo-
difications.
3.3 The operating instructions will be subject to
examination within the design review procedure only
in so far as they are related to the specified loads and
load cases to be applied, and to other safety matters
covered by these Rules.
4. Safety management system
4.1 Safety management procedures 1, may be
subject to review by BKI either
− based on an agreement with the owner/operator,
or
− due to authorization and request by the competent
national Administration.
4.2 Safety management may be related to
− personal safety of operating personnel, i.e.
− accident prevention
− protection against exposure to toxic, radioac-
tive or otherwise harmful substances
− general preventive and health control measu-
res (alcohol, drugs control, etc.)
− protection of the environment (sea, sea floor,
atmosphere surrounding the installation)
––––––––––––––
1 See IMO ISM (International Safety Manage-
ment) procedures, to be introduced for
mobile offshore units from 1 July 2002
 Section 1-Scope, Definitions and Procedures
− operational safety/operability of the technical
installations/systems on board
Obviously, an inter-relation exists with the operating
manual according to 3., see also 4.4 and 4.6.
4.3 Safety Management Plan
4.3.1 Safety management procedures shall be
presented in the form of a Safety Management Plan
(SMP), to be set up in each individual case, bearing in
mind the particular operational and environmental
conditions to be expected as well as the applicable
legislation and regulations.
4.3.2 Preparation of a SMP will essentially consist
in an assessment of all foreseeable risks emerging
from the planned activities, and in providing measures
and procedures to minimize these risks. The
assessment will be based on existing experience and
statistical infor-mation regarding similar installations
and activities. Pro-ven methods of risk and failure
analysis including e.g. Fault-Tree or Event-Tree
diagrams may be used.
4.3.3 Corrective measures and amendments to the
plan may be required following experience gathered
during the initial service period, see also 4.4.
4.3.4 The SMP should take into account separately
all relevant operational phases and situations and their
specific risks, such as
− initial (start-up, test) period(s), also following im-
portant changes
− normal ("routine") operations
− operations under restricting conditions, e.g.
− due to extreme environmental impact
− during repairs, conversions, etc.
− periods following an accident or failure
4.4 Essential elements of a SMP
4.4.1 The SMP shall clearly show, through
adequate procedures and organizational provisions, that
− routine controls, checks, measurements etc. are
provided in order to ensure that physical properties
and chemical processes remain stable and within
prescribed limits, e.g. critical gas concentrations,
exposure limits, pressures, ppm values functioning
of alarms
− information and training of personnel is ensured,
taking into account also possible language
problems, like information on danger zones,
“hazardous areas“, alarms; handling of fire
fighting and rescue equipment, etc.
− national regulations have been considered
− any (new) hazards becoming known, not taken into
account or not sufficiently covered in the
C 1-5
original plan, will be evaluated and duly incor-
porated in a revised SMP
− communication between operating personnel
and responsible company management is
ensured, including immediate and reliable
information on special/ abnormal incidents or
events defined in the SMP, see 4.4.2. In
relevant cases information to Authorities and
BKI is ensured.
− for any abnormal situations, e.g. repairs
requiring operational restrictions, the necessary
additional precautions are taken and any person
possibly involved is aware of the existing
danger
4.4.2 The SMP shall indicate follow-up
measures and procedures for each case of failure or
incident considered. Responsibilities shall be cle-
arly attributed to members of the crew/installation
personnel within each contingency procedure, and
the paths or chains of information clearly stated for
the different cases.
4.4.3 For the unit in service, it shall be
guaranteed by regular, and possibly additional,
unprecedented, checks, audits etc., that the mea-
sures provided by the SMP are actually being ob-
served.
Relevant documentation is to be kept on board
and/or in the Operator’s headquarters for a period
to be defined by the Administration, but not less
than 5 years.
4.5 Types of hazards
Among aspects to be considered in assessing risks
are the following:
4.5.1 Hazards to personnel
− explosion, fire
− exposure (through contact, inhalation, inges-
tion) to toxic, irritant or otherwise harmful gases,
liquids, chemicals etc.
− accidents due to operations with lifting gear/
appliances and machinery or tools
− accidents due to environmental influences (icing,
unit’s motions, bad visibility etc.)
− noise/vibrations exceeding given ("tolerable")
limits
4.5.2 Hazards to the environment:
− spills/loss of polluting (toxic or otherwise
harmful) substances during "normal" - e.g.,
drilling – operations to the sea or sea floor,
see 4.6.2
− spills of hydrocarbons, chemicals etc. during
transport/conveyance operations, see 4.6.1
− collision and grounding hazard, depending on
weather and traffic conditions
− release of polluting (e.g. exhaust) gases to the
atmosphere, see 4.6.2
1-6 Section 1-Scope, Definitions and Procedures
− dropping of objects (e.g. wastes) to the
sea/sea floor, see 4.7
− noise exceeding prescribed limits; may be
rele-vant in certain cases, e.g. in sensitive,
protected areas
4.6 Pollution prevention during production
and transport activities
4.6.1 Transport/conveyance and storing ope-
rations
4.6.1.1 Loading and unloading operations, e.g.
using transport (supply) vessels and cargo handling
equipment, shall be carried out observing weather
imposed restrictions, see "operating instructions",
and applicable safety and environment protection
regulations.
4.6.1.2 For the conveyance of oil/hydrocarbon
products from a production unit to a (shuttle)
tanker, using articulated piping, swivels, flexible
hoses etc., special pre-cautions e.g., emergency
shutdown and spill arresting devices may be
necessary, depending on environment conditions
and regulations applicable to the location.
For import/export flow lines (hydrocarbons pro-
duction) see also 4.6.2.
4.6.1.3 Any harmful substances subject to
controlled handling shall be allocated to defined,
properly sheltered and marked spaces. Liquids or
substances capable of releasing harmful liquids
under certain conditions shall be stored in such a
way that spills are prevented.
4.6.1.4 Reception/receiving, use/consumption and
return/un-loading of harmful or polluting subs-
tances shall be constantly controlled and their
volumes or weight noted.
4.6.2 Production and treatment processes
4.6.2.1 Suitable controls using measuring and
monitoring techniques shall be provided to ensure
safe conveyance of hydrocarbons and other
polluting substances to and from the offshore
unit, through flow lines, risers, hoses, etc.
4.6.2.2 For safe conveyance/transport of liquid
and gaseous substances on board of the production
unit, between the different processing stations, the
provisions of Volumes 4 and 5 have to be observed
(material selection, design requirements, safety,
monitoring and alarm devices, etc.).
4.6.2.3 Waste water, in connection with the
production process, shall be either collected in
storage tanks and discharged via auxiliary vessels
or pipeline, or if allowed by the competent
Authority pumped to the sea after prescribed
treatment/purification and under controlled
conditions (monitoring of ppm values).
4.6.2.4 Release of gaseous substances to the
atmosphere, including flaring operations, shall
occur under controlled conditions and according to
the applicable
C, D
regulations. Un-intentional escape of gases (leakage),
particularly in hazardous areas and to accommodation
spaces, shall be avoided by pre-cautions such as
suitable arrangement of piping, ducts and exhaust
openings/intakes, sensors/measuring devices and
alarms, pressurizing, according to the Rules, see
Volume 4 - Rules for Machinery Installation and
Volume 5- Rules for Electrical Installation.
4.7 Waste management
4.7.1 For sewage waste water the same applies as
stated under 4.6.2.3 for waste water originating from
the production process. The sewage residues shall be
discharged or transported to corresponding installa-
tions onshore.
4.7.2 Generally, no solid wastes whatever
(sanitary, food processing, production auxiliary mate-
rials such as for cleaning, etc.) shall be dumped from
an offshore unit. Crew information and strict
adherence shall be ensured by suitable measures such
as publication (posters), regular instruction and
supervision.
D. Supervision of Fabrication and Installation
1. General
1.1 Supervision of the fabrication of individual
components and of the installation of the hull will
generally take the form of inspections by the autho-
rized BKI Surveyor to the extent considered neces-
sary by BKI at any given time.
1.2 BKI Branch O ffices will receive, for their
supervisory work, previously examined, documents
from the Head Office, see C.2.7. Additionally all
technical documents connected with the relevant
construction project shall be made available to the
Surveyors on request.
1.3 BKI will assess the production facilities
and procedures of the yard and other fabricators as to
whether they meet the requirements of BKI Rules. In
general, approvals based on such assessments are
conditional for acceptance of products subject to
testing.
1.4 Materials, components, appliances and
installations subject to inspection are to comply with
the relevant rule requirements and be presented for
inspection and/or construction supervision by BKI
Surveyors, unless otherwise provided as a result of
special approvals granted by BKI.
1.5 It shall be the duty of the fabricator to inform
the competent inspection office of the completion of
important stages of the construction or of trials and
inspections due.
1.6 In order to enable the Surveyor to fulfil his
duties, he is to be given free access to the unit and the
 Section 1-Scope, Definitions and Procedures
workshop, where parts requiring approval are fabri-
cated, assembled or tested. For performance of the
tests required, the yard or fabricators are to give the
Surveyor every assistance by providing the staff and
equipment necessary for such tests.
2. Supervision of fabrication
2.1 Aim of supervision
During the phase of fabrication of an unit BKI will
ensure by surveys and inspections that:
− parts for hull and machinery and/or special equip-
ment requiring approval have been constructed in
compliance with the approved drawings and par-
ticulars
− all tests and trials stipulated by BKI Rules are
performed satisfactorily
− workmanship is in compliance with current
engineering standards and/or BKI Rule require-
ments
− welded parts are produced by qualified welders
having undergone tests
− test Certificates have been presented for
components requiring approval (the fabricator
will have to ensure that any parts and materials
requiring approval will only be delivered and
installed, if the appropriate test Certificates have
been issued)
− where no individual Certificates are required, type
tested appliances and equipment are employed in
accordance with rule requirements
2.2 Marking and attestation of individual
components
2.2.1 In so far as it is necessary to identify mate-
rials or components during the fabrication process or
possibly also after commissioning, e.g. because of
special properties of the material, a permanent mark is
to be made by means of a stamp.
2.2.2 The construction supervision, survey
and/or final inspection of materials, parts supplied or
installation components, corresponding to the relevant
specifications and BKI Rules, will be attested by the
Surveyor concerned on special forms, or informally,
as agreed in the individual case.
3. Industrial equipment
Regarding working gear and special equipment,
supervision of construction and testing will be agreed
upon from case to case.
D, E 1-7
E. Testing and Commissioning
1. Program
An overall test or commissioning program including
the complete, combined function of the unit as well as
partial tests of the different systems has to be
established. The detailed requirements for the overall
function and the functioning of the different systems
are defined in the following Volumes and Sections.
The test program has to be approved by BKI.
2. Tests at fabricators
As far as practicable, machinery and equipment will
be subjected to operational trials on the fabricator's
test bed to the scope specified in the Construction
Rules. This applies also to engines produced in large
series. Where the machinery, equipment or electrical
installations are novel in design or have not yet
sufficiently proved their efficiency under actual
service conditions on board ships or units , BKI may
require performance of a trial under particularly
severe conditions.
Upon completion of work, compartments, decks,
bulkheads, etc. are to be tested as specified in the
following Volumes and Sections.
3. Sea trials
Upon completion of the unit and/or the system/
equipment to be classed, all structure/hull, machinery
and electrical installations will be subjected to
operational trials in the presence of the BKI Surve-
yor, prior to and during the sea trial. This will
comprise, e. g.:
− tightness, operational and load tests of tanks,
covers, shell ports, ramps, etc.
− operational and/or load tests of the machinery and
installations (propulsion plant, electrical installa-
tions, steering gear, anchor equipment, etc.) of
importance for safe operation
During a final survey, checks will be made to ensure
that any deficiencies found, for instance during the sea
trial, have been eliminated.
4. Report
A test or commissioning report has to be established
by the fabricator or owner and to be agreed with the
BKI Surveyor.
5. Corrective actions
If the tests according to the established test program,
see 1., are partially or totally not satisfactory to the
BKI Surveyor, corrective actions have to be provi-
ded by the fabricator or owner and the relevant part of
the tests repeated until a satisfactory result has been
reached.
 Section 2 - Self–elevating Units
Section 2
Self-elevating Units
A. General
1. Definition
Self-elevating units have hulls with sufficient
buoyancy to safely transport the unit to the desired
location, after which the hull is raised to
a predetermined elevation above the sea surface on its
legs, which are supported on the sea-bed. Equipment
and supplies may be transported on the unit, or may be
added to the unit in its elevated position. The legs of
such units may penetrate the sea-bed, may be fitted
with enlarged sections or footings (spud cans) to
reduce penetration, or may be attached to a bottom
pad or mat. Self- elevating units are also known as
Jack-up units.
The Class Notation SELF ELEVATING UNIT will
be assigned for this type, see Volume 1 – Rules for
Classification and Surveys, Section 2.
2. Scope
2.1 This Section covers those specific design
criteria and features of self-elevating mobile offshore
units which are not dealt with in the special Sections
as referred to in the following.
2.2 Subdivision and watertight integrity
Subdivision and watertight integrity are dealt with in
Section 7. Regarding stability see C.
2.3 Machinery and electrical installations
Machinery and electrical installations shall be
designed according to Volume 4 - Rules for Machinery
Installations and Volume 5 - Rules for Electrical
Installations, respectively as far as applicable. For the
jacking installation, see Volume 4, Section 9 and
Volume 5, Section 12, I.
2.4 Auxiliary installations and equipment
Special (auxiliary) installations and equipment are to
be designed according to the specific Sections as far as
applicable. See also Volume 1 – Rules for Classifi-
cation and Surveys, Section 1.
2.5 Lifting appliances
For the interaction of lifting appliances with the unit,
its foundations, etc. Volume 2 – Rules for Structures,
Section 8.
The requirements for offshore cranes and other lifting
appliances themselves are defined in the Regulations
for the Construction and Survey of Lifting Appli-
ances.
A, B 2-1
2.6 Towing and elevating
Conditions for towing, for the elevating and lowering
procedures and for operating phases while standing on
the seafloor, shall be clearly indicated in the Opera-
ting Manual, compare Section 1, C.3.1.
2.7 Drilling
Drilling derricks shall be designed according to
recognized codes/standards and/or applicable national
regulations. The rated capacity for each reeving shall
be included in the Operating Manual.
Permanently installed piping systems for drilling
operations are to comply with recognized standard
or code.
These Rules do not include requirements for the
drilling of subsea wells or procedures for their control.
Such drilling operations are subject to control by the
coastal state.
B. Structure
1. General
1.1 The buoyant main structure (hull) of a
self-elevating unit shall be designed to resist the loads
and stresses arising in the floating condition and while
elevated. Volume 2 – Rules for Structures, Sections 1
to 4 apply.
1.2 The unit is to be designed for a clearance of
either 1,2 m, or 10 % of the combined storm tide,
astronomical tide and height of the maximum wave
crest above the mean low water level, whichever is
less, between the underside of the hull in the elevated
position and the crest of the design wave. This crest
elevation is to be measured above the level of the
combined astronomical and storm tides. See also
Volume 2 – Rules for Structures, Section 2, B.4.10.
1.3 Classification or Certification will be based
upon the designer’s assumptions regarding the sea-bed
conditions. These assumptions shall be recorded in the
Operating Manual. It is the responsibility of the
operator to ensure that actual conditions do not impose
more severe loading on the unit.
2. Hull
2.1 Structural elements such as the outer shell,
decks, bulkheads and girders shall be dimensioned
according to the principles outlined in Volume 2 –
Rules for Structures, Section 3. Rules for Hull , Volu –
2-2 Section 2 - Self–elevating Units
me II may be used as a basis where applicable, e.g.
dimensioning of tank boundaries.
2.2 The hull is to be considered as a complete
structure having sufficient strength to resist all
induced stresses while in the elevated position and
supported by all legs. All fixed and variable loads
are to be distributed, by an accepted method of
rational analysis, from the various points of
application to the supporting legs. The scantlings of
the hull are then to be determined consistent with
this load distribution, but are not to be less than those
required by the Rules defined in 2.1. Scantlings of
units having other than rectangular hull configurations
will be subject to special consideration.
2.3 Deckhouses located near the boundary of the
unit shall be designed to resist the possible impact of
sea wash during conveyance.
Deckhouses are to have sufficient strength for their
size, function and location and are to be constructed to
approved plans. Their general scantlings are to be as
indicated in the Rules according to 2.1. Where they
are close to the side shell of the unit, their scantlings
may be required to conform to the requirements for
bulkheads of unprotected deckhouse fronts.
2.4 Special attention is to be paid to the
foundations and fastening of drilling derrick(s) and
cranes, also with regard to transit conditions.
3. Structure in way of jacking
3.1 Load carrying members which transmit loads
from the legs to the hull are to be designed for the
maximum design loads and are to be arranged that
loads transmitted from the legs are properly distri-
buted into the hull structure.
3.2 For the elevated position, special attention is
to be paid to the distribution of the loads from the
supporting points (legs) into the hull structure, taking
account also of possible load redistributions resulting
from lack of support at one leg.
The structure surrounding the legs (points of support)
shall be designed with particular regard to the
introduction of local concentrated forces; main load
bearing elements should be continuous in the vertical
direction.
Regarding the maximal force to be transmitted,
pre-loading of the legs shall be considered, see 4.5
below.
3.3 For loose elements, e.g. bars, rods, bolts,
pins, serving for transmission of forces to support the
unit, special requirements may be imposed regarding
dimensioning (safety factors) and testing.
B
4. Legs
4.1 Leg types
Legs may be either shell type or truss type. Shell type
legs may be designed as either stiffened or un-
stiffened shells. According to the sea-bed conditions
envisaged, the legs may be designed with fixed or
detachable footings, or bottom mats.
4.2 Lower end
Where footings or mats are not fitted, proper
consideration shall be given to the leg penetration of
the sea-bed and the corresponding end fixity of the
legs. Depending on the mat and type of connection, a
rotational restraint of the leg may exist also in this
case.
4.3 Dimensioning
4.3.1 The legs of self-elevating units shall be
designed to resist the forces and bending moments
resulting from the following operational conditions.
The safety factors according to loading condition 2
according to Volume 2 – Rules for Structures, Sec -
tion 3, C. and D. apply. Fatigue may have to be
specially considered, particularly for legs of truss
type. For fatigue criteria, see Volume 2 – Rules for
Structure, Section 3, H.
4.3.2 Ocean transit condition
Legs shall be designed for acceleration and gravity
moments resulting from the motions in the most
severe anticipated environmental transit conditions,
together with corresponding wind moments. Calcu-
lation or model test methods, acceptable to BKI, may
be used. Alternatively, legs may be designed for a
bending moment resulting from a 15° single
amplitude of roll or pitch at a 10 second period, plus
120 % of the gravity moment caused by the legs angle
of inclination (minimum design criteria).
For ocean transit conditions, it may be necessary to
reinforce or support the legs, or to remove sections of
them. The approved condition is to be included in the
Operating Manual.
4.3.3 Field transit condition
Legs are to be designed for a bending moment
resulting from a 6° single amplitude of roll or pitch at
the natural period of the unit, plus 120 % of the
gravity moment caused by the legs angle of inclina-
tion.
The legs are to be investigated for any proposed leg
arrangement with respect to vertical position during
field transit moves, and the approved positions are to
be specified in the Operating Manual.
Such investigation should include strength and
stability aspects.
 Section 2 - Self–elevating Units
Field transit moves may only be undertaken when the
predicted weather is such that the anticipated motions
of the unit will not exceed the design condition. The
duration of a field transit move may be for a
considerable period of time and should be related to
the accuracy of weather forecasting in the area
concerned. Such a move should not normally
exceed a twelve hour voyage between protected
locations, or locations where the unit may be safely
elevated; however, during any portion of the move,
the unit is not normally to be more than a six hour
voyage away form a protected location or a location
where the unit may be safely elevated. The approved
condition is to be included in the Operating Manual.
4.3.4 Condition while lowering legs
Legs are to be designed to withstand the dynamic and
current loads which may be encountered along their
unsupported length just prior to touching bottom, and
also to withstand the shock of touching bottom while
the unit is afloat and subject to motions caused by
waves and wind.
The maximum design motions, water depth, bottom
conditions and sea state while lowering legs are to be
clearly indicated in the Operating Manual, and the legs
are not to be permitted to touch bottom when the site
conditions exceed the allowable.
4.3.5 Condition while elevating the unit
The legs are to be designed to withstand the loads
acting on both, the unit’s hull and the legs themselves,
during the elevating procedure. The environmental
conditions are the same as foreseen for lowering of the
legs (4.3.4).
The analysis may have to be done for several
intermediate positions of the hull.
4.3.6 Elevated (working) condition
The largest possible overturning moments shall be
considered, using the most adverse combination(s) of
applicable variable and environmental and gravity
loadings. Forces and moments due to lateral frame
deflections of the legs are to be taken into account.
Eccentricity of support or partial restraint of the lower
leg ends may have to be considered (e.g. for spud can
design), depending on the soil conditions. The analysis
will usually have to be carried through for several
water depths and corresponding site and environ-
mental conditions.
4.4 Bottom mat
4.4.1 If the sea-bed conditions are characterized by
very soft mud and silt, the lower ends of the legs are to
be attached to a mat. Particular attention is to be given
to the attachment and the framing and bracing of the
mat, in order that the loads are properly distributed.
B 2-3
4.4.2 The envelope plating of tanks which are not
vented freely to the sea is not to be less in thickness
than would be required by the rules for tanks, using
a head to the design water level taking into account the
astronomical and storm tides, see 2.1.
4.4.3 The effects of scouring on the bottom bearing
surface should be considered. The effects of skirt
plates, where provided, have to be especially consi-
dered.
4.4.4 Mats are to be designed to withstand the
loads encountered during lowering including the
shock of touching bottom while the unit is afloat and
subject to wave motions.
4.4.5 Provisions for ballasting and de-ballasting the
mat have to be installed. These may be pipelines
running down each leg into the mat to vent off trapped
air during ballasting or to induce air for displacing the
water and thus de-ballasting the mat. These pipelines
may also be used to blow air under the bottom of the
mat with the aim of facilitating the lifting of the mat
from the bottom of the sea.
4.5 Preload capability
For units without bottom mats, all legs are to have the
capability of being preloaded to the maximum
applicable combined gravity plus overturning load.
The approved pre-load procedure shall be included in
the Operating Manual.
Regarding the preloading capability of the elevating
machinery, see Volume 4 – Rules for Machinery
Installations, Section 9.
C. Stability
1. General
The general requirements for stability are defined in
Section 7. Additional aspects are given in the follo-
wing.
2. Overturning Stability
2.1 The unit, when resting on the sea-bed, is to
have sufficient downward gravity loading on the
support footings or mats to withstand the overturning
moment of the combined environmental forces from
any direction, for each design loading condition. The
overturning safety, defined as the sum of the restoring
moments divided by the sum of the overturning
moments, should not be less than:
− 1,5 for loading condition 2
− 1,3 for loading condition 3
according to Volume 2 – Rules for Structures, Sec-
tion 3, C.
2.2 It is assumed that noticeable inclinations of
the unit will not occur or will be corrected
immediately, and that the effects of any dangerous
changes of the sea-bed will be kept under control.
Corresponding instructions shall be contained in the
Operating Manual.
 Section 3 – Column Stabilized Units
Section 3
Column Stabilized Units
A. General
1. Definition
Column stabilized units depend upon the buoyancy of
widely spaced columns for floatation and stability for
all afloat modes of operation or in the raising or
lowering of the unit, as may be applicable. The
columns are connected to an upper structure support-
ing e.g. drilling equipment or accommodation quar-
ters. Lower hulls or footings may be provided at the
bottom of the columns for additional buoyancy or to
provide sufficient area to support the unit on the sea-
bed. Bracing members of tubular or structural sections
may be used to connect the columns, lower hulls or
footings, and to support the upper structure.
Operations may be carried out in the floating
condition, in which condition the unit is described
as a Semi-Submersible Unit, or when the unit is
supported by the sea-bed, in which condition the unit is
described as a Submersible Unit. A Semi-Submersible
Unit may be designed to operate either floating or
supported by the sea-bed, provided each type of
operation has been found to be satisfactory and suit-
able.
The Class Notation COLUMN STABILIZED UNIT
will be assigned for this type, compare Volume 1 –
Rules for Classification and Surveys, Section 2.
2. Scope
2.1 This Section covers those specific design
criteria and features of column stabilized mobile
offshore units which are not dealt with in other
Sections, as referred to in the following.
2.2 Subdivision and watertight integrity
Subdivision and watertight integrity are dealt with in
Section 7. Regarding stability see C.
2.3 Machinery and electrical installations
Machinery and electrical installations shall be
designed according to Volume 4 - Rules for Machinery
Installations and Volume 5 - Rules for Electrical
Installations, respectively, as far as applicable. For
ballast and bilge pumping arrangements see Volume
4, Section 13e, H. and I. and Volume 5, Section 12, J.
Propulsion installations, designed for conveyances
under own power or for towage assistance, and/or for
positioning, shall also be designed according to
Volume 4 and 5 also according to the Rules for
Machinery Installations - Volumes III and Rules for
Electrical Installation – Volume IV, as applicable.
A 3-1
2.4 Positional mooring equipment
Mooring equipment for position keeping at the work-
ing location is defined in Section 8, C.
2.5 Dynamic position keeping
Dynamic position keeping at the working location
means maintaining a desired position within the
normal excursions of the control system and under
defined environmental conditions. The required
position tolerances during drilling operations have to
be defined by the owner/operator.
The complete dynamic positioning system requires the
following sub-systems:
− power system
− thruster system
− control system
Thrusters used as sole means of position keeping shall
provide a level of safety equivalent to that provided
for mooring arrangements to the satisfaction of BKI.
The Class Notations DP 1 to DP 3 will be assigned if
the unit is equipped with such a system, compare
Volume 1 – Rules for Classification and Surveys,
Section 2.
Further details are defined in the Volume 4 – Rules
for Machinery Installations, Section 6, E.
2.6 Auxiliary installations and equipment
Special (auxiliary) installations and equipment are to
be designed according to the specific Sections as far as
applicable. See also Volume 1 – Rules for Classifi-
cation and Surveys, Section 1, D.2.
2.7 Lifting appliances
For the interaction of lifting appliances with the unit,
their foundations, etc. see Volume 2 – Rules for Struc-
tures, Section 8.
Each elevator cabin in a column shall provide for an
emergency exit with an escape ladder in the hoistway.
The requirements for offshore cranes and other lifting
appliances themselves are defined in the Regulations
for the Construction and Survey of Lifting Appli-
ances.
2.8 Towing and ballasting
Conditions for towing, for ballasting and de-ballasting
procedures and for mooring operations shall be clearly
indicated in the Operating Manual, compare Sec-
tion 1, C.3.1.
3-2 Section 3 – Column Stabilized Units
2.9 Drilling
Drilling derricks shall be designed according to
recognized codes/standards and/or applicable national
regulations. The rated capacity for each reeving shall
be included in the Operating Manual.
Permanently installed piping systems for drilling
operations are to comply with an recognized standard
or code.
These Rules do not include requirements for the
drilling of subsea wells or procedures for their control.
Such drilling operations are subject to control by the
coastal state.
B. Structure
1. General
1.1 Structural design shall be based on the
principles described in Volume 2 – Rules for
Structure, Sections 1 to 4, see also 1.4. Particular
attention should be given to structural details in critical
areas such as connections of bracing members, where
high local loads are acting, see also 3.7 and Volu -
me 2 – Rules for Structure, Section 3, B. and Sec-
tion 4, B. – D.
1.2 For the dimensioning of ship-like structural
members such as decks, bulkheads, deck houses,
girders and pillars, Rules for Hull - Volume II may
be used as a design basis.
\
1.3 Wave clearance
1.3.1 Afloat condition
Unless deck structures are designed for wave impact,
to the satisfaction of BKI, reasonable clearance
between the deck structures and the wave crests is to
be ensured for afloat modes of operation, taking into
account the predicted motion of the unit relative to the
surface of the sea. Calculations, model test results or
reports on past operating experience with similar
configurations showing that adequate provision is
made to maintain this clearance are to be submitted.
1.3.2 On-bottom condition
The unit is to be designed for a clearance of either 1,2
m, or 10 % of the combined storm tide, astronomical
tide and height of the maximum wave crest above the
mean low water level, whichever is less, between the
underside of the hull in the elevated position and the
crest of the design wave. This crest elevation is to be
measured above the level of the combined
astronomical and storm tides. See also Volume 2 –
Rules for Structures, Section 2, B.4.10.
B
1.4 Stress and motion analysis
1.4.1 As the design of column stabilized units is
governed by both, structural and motion behaviour,
calculations will have to be presented for approval
covering both aspects. The investigation shall be
carried out for a sufficient number of draughts and
environmental conditions in order to determine the
most severe cases of stressing and the associated
motions, and vice versa.
Model tests may serve as additional basis for design.
1.4.2 For units of this type, the highest stresses
may be associated with less severe environmental
conditions than the maximum specified by the owner-
/designer. Where considered necessary by BKI,
account shall be taken of the consequent increased
possibility of encounter of significant stress levels, by
either or both of the following:
− suitable reduction of the allowable stress levels for
combined loading defined in Volume 2 – Rules for
Structures, Section 3, D.
− detailed investigation of fatigue properties
Particular attention shall also be given to the details of
structural design in critical areas such as bracing
members, joint connection, etc.
1.5 Structural redundancy
1.5.1 When assessing structural redundancy for
column stabilized units, the following assumed
damage conditions shall apply:
1.5.1.1 The unit’s structure shall be able to withstand
the loss of any slender bracing member without
causing overall collapse of the unit’s structure.
1.5.1.2 Structural redundancy will be based on the
applicable requirements of Volume 2 – Rules for
Structures, Sections 2 to 4, except:
− maximum calculated stresses in the structure
remaining after the loss of a slender bracing
member are to be in accordance with Volume 2 –
Rules for Structures, Section 3, D. These criteria
may be exceeded for local areas, provided
redistribution of forces due to yielding or buckling
is taken into consideration.
− When considering environmental factors, a one
year return period may be assumed for intended
areas of operations, see Volume 2 – Rules for
Structures, Sections 2.
1.5.2 The structural arrangement of the upper hull
is to be considered with regard to the structural
integrity of the unit after the failure of any primary
girder.
2. Upper structure
2.1 The scantlings of the upper structure are not
to be less than those required by the Rules mentioned
above, in association with the loading indicated on the
deck loading plan. In addition, when the upper
 Section 3 – Column Stabilized Units
structure is considered to be an effective member of
the overall structural frame of the unit, the scantlings
are to be sufficient to withstand actual local loading
plus any additional loading superimposed due to frame
action, within the stress limitations given in Volume 2
– Rules for Structures, Section 3, D.
2.2 When an approved mode of operation or
damage condition in accordance with the stability
requirements allows the upper structure to become
waterborne, special consideration shall be given to the
resulting structural loading.
2.3 Tanks
2.3.1 Tanks for fresh water or fuel oil, or other
tanks which are not intended to be kept entirely filled
in service, are to have divisions or deep swashes as
may be required to minimize the dynamic stress on the
structure. Tight divisions and boundary bulkheads of
all tanks are to be constructed in accordance with the
Rules according to 1.2. The arrangement of all tanks,
together with their intended service, and the height of
the over-flow pipes are to be clearly indicated on the
plans submitted for approval. Consideration is to be
given to the specific gravity of the liquid in the tank.
2.3.2 Tanks are to be tested in accordance with the
Rules and/or specifications.
2.4 Deckhouses fitted to the upper structure are
to be designed in accordance with the Rules defined in
1.2, with due consideration given to their location and
to the environmental conditions in which the unit will
operate.
2.5 Local structures in way of fairleads, winches,
etc., forming part of the positional mooring system,
shall be designed to the breaking strength of the
moor ing line.
2.6 Special attention is to be paid to the
foundations (supporting structure) and fastening of
drilling derrick(s), cranes (see also Volume 2 – Rules
for Structures, Section 8) and similar installations.
3. Columns, lower hulls and footings
3.1 Main stability columns and lower hull or
footings may be designed as either framed or un-
framed shells. In either case, framing, ring stiffeners,
bulkheads or other suitable elements used are to be
sufficient to maintain shape and stiffness under all the
anticipated loading.
3.2 Where columns, lower hulls or footings are
designed with stiffened plating, framing, girders, etc.,
may be determined in accordance with the
requirements for tanks. Where an internal space is a
void compartment, the design head used is not to be
less than that corresponding to the maximum allow-
able waterline of the unit in service. In general,
B 3-3
the scantlings are not to be less than required for
watertight bulkheads in association with a head equi-
valent to the maximum waterline in damaged condi-
tion; for all areas subject to wave immersion, a
minimum head of 6,0 m shall be used.
3.3 Where columns, lower hulls or footings are
designed as shells, either un-stiffened or ring stiffened,
the minimum scantlings of shell plating and ring
stiffeners are to be determined on the basis of esta-
blished shell analysis using the appropriate safety
factors and the design heads as given in 3.2, see also
Volume 2 – Rules for Structures, Section 3, G.4.
3.4 Openings in columns, like portlights or
windows, including those of the non-opening type,
or other similar openings are not to be fitted in
columns.
Regarding openings in external and internal walls,
bulkheads, etc. see also Section 7, G.
3.5 Scantlings of columns, lower hulls or
footings as determined according to 3.2 and 3.3 are
mini- mum requirements for hydrostatic pressure
loads. Where wave and current forces, or bottom
contact pressure in case of units resting on the sea-bed
are superimposed, the local structure of the shell is to
be increased in scantlings as necessary, to meet the
strength requirements mentioned in 1.1 above.
Scantlings in tanks are to be determined for both, full
and empty conditions.
3.6 When the column, lower hull or footing is an
effective member of the overall structural frame of the
unit, the scantlings are to be sufficient to meet the
requirements of this paragraph plus any additional
stress superimposed due to frame action, within the
stress limitations of Volume 2 – Rules for Structures,
Section 3, D.
3.7 Particular consideration is to be given to
structural details, reinforcements, etc., in areas subject
to high local loading, or to such loading that may
cause shell distortion, for example:
− sloshing in partially filled tanks
− bracing connection forces
− loads due to mooring operations
− wave impact
− bottom bearing loads, where applicable
3.8 Consideration shall be given to objects falling
down from the platform onto the lower hull or footing.
The size of objects and the potential area where
objects may fall down has to be determined under
special consideration of crane operations. From there
the following angles of fall direction may be assumed:
− in air, unit floating : 10°
− in air, unit supported on sea-bed : 5°
− in water : 15 °
3-4 Section 3 – Column Stabilized Units
The endangered main structural elements of the lower
hull determined in this way have to be reinforced to
withstand the impact energy of fallen objects.
3.9 When a unit is designed for operations while
supported by the sea-bed, the footings shall be
designed to withstand the shock of bottom contact due
to wave action on the hull. Such units shall also be
evaluated for the effects of possible scouring action
(loss of bottom support). The effect of skirt plates,
where provided, shall be given special consideration.
4. Bracing members
4.1 Arrangement of braces
Where braces are essential for the structural integrity
of the unit, see 1.5, they should be so arranged that
they are protected as far as possible against boat
impact (collisions) and other forces resulting from
normal operations.
4.2 Bracing members are to be designed to
transmit loading due to environmental and inertia
forces acting on the structure. When the unit is
supported by the sea-bed, the possibility of un-even
bearing loads shall also be considered. Although
designed primarily as brace members of the overall
structure under the designated loading, the bracing
shall also be investigated, if applicable, for
superimposed local bending stresses due to buoyancy,
wave and current forces.
4.3 Where relevant, consideration is to be given
to local stresses due to wave impact.
4.4 When bracing members are of tubular
section, ring frames may be required to maintain
stiffness
C
and roundness of shape. The necessary buckling
investigation has to consider axial stresses and stresses
caused by hydrostatic pressure, where applicable, see
Volume 2 – Rules for Structures, Section 3, G.4.
4.5 Where braces are designed to be buoyant,
they shall be designed to prevent collapse from
hydrostatic pressure. They shall be accessible for
internal inspection, or else adequate means should be
provided in order to detect leakage at an early stage.
C. Stability
1. General
The general requirements for stability are defined in
Section 7. Additional aspects are given in the
following.
2. Stability of units resting on the sea-bed
Units designed to rest on the sea-bed are to have
sufficient downward gravity loading on the support
footings or lower hull to withstand the overturning
moment of the combined environmental forces from
any direction, for each applicable design loading
condition.
The overturning safety factor, defined as the sum of
the restoring moments divided by the sum of the
overturning moments, should not be less than:
− 1,5 for loading condition 1
− 1,3 for loading condition 2
according to Volume 2 – Rules for Structures, Sec-
tion 3, C.
 Section 4 – Surface Drilling Units
Section 4
Surface Drilling Units
A. General
1. Definition
As surface drilling units are to be understood:
1.1 Ship type drilling units
Ship type drilling units are seagoing ship-shaped units
having a displacement-type hull or hulls, of the single,
catamaran or trimaran types, which have been
designed or converted for drilling operations in the
floating condition. Such types have propulsion
machinery.
The Class Notation DRILLING VESSEL will be
assigned for this type, compare Volume 1 - Rules for
Classification and Surveys, Section 2.
1.2 Barge type drilling units
Barge type drilling units are seagoing units having
a displacement type hull or hulls, which have been
designed or converted for drilling operations in the
floating condition. These units have no propulsion
machinery.
The Class Notations PONTOON EQUIPPED FOR
DRILLING will be assigned for this type, compare
Volume 1 - Rules for Classification and Surveys,
Section 2.
1.3 Other types of surface drilling units
Units which are designed as mobile offshore drilling
units and which do not fall into the categories
according to 1.1 and 1.2 will be treated on an indivi-
dual basis and be assigned an appropriate Classifi-
cation designation.
2. Scope
2.1 This Section covers those specific design
criteria and features of surface drilling units which are
not dealt with in other Sections, as referred to in the
following.
2.2 Subdivision and watertight integrity
Subdivision and watertight integrity of surface drilling
units are dealt with in Section 7. Regarding stability
see C.
2.3 Machinery and electrical installations
Machinery and electrical installations shall be
designed according to Volume 4 – Rules for
Machinery Installations and Volume 5 – Rules for
Electrical Installations respectively, as applicable.
A 4-1
2.4 Positional mooring equipment
An arrangement drawing for the mooring system has
to be submitted. Mooring forces and permissible
mooring directions are to be defined.
In the drawings for the hull structure the foundations
for the mooring winches and the fairleads have to be
shown. As maximum mooring forces the breaking
strength of the mooring cables defined in the mooring
arrangement has to be assumed.
Mooring equipment for position keeping at the
working location is defined in Section 8, C.
2.5 Dynamic position keeping
Dynamic position keeping at the drilling location
means maintaining a desired position within the
normal excursions of the control system and under
defined environmental conditions. The required
position tolerances during drilling operations have to
be defined by the owner/operator.
The complete dynamic positioning system requires the
following sub-systems:
− power system
− thruster system
− control system
Thrusters used as sole means of position keeping shall
provide a level of safety equivalent to that provided
for mooring arrangements to the satisfaction of BKI.
The Class Notations DP 1 to DP 3 will be assigned if
the unit is equipped with such a system, compare
Volume 1 – Rules for Classification and Surveys,
Section 2.
Further details are defined in the BKI Rules for
Dynamic Positioning Systems.
2.6 Lifting appliances
Drawings showing the location and support of foun-
dations for cranes and davits have to be submitted.
The forces to the hull structure have to be defined.
For the interaction of lifting appliances with the unit,
their foundations, etc. see Volume 2 – Rules for
Structures, Section 8.
The requirements for offshore cranes and other lifting
appliances themselves are defined in the Regulations
for the Construction and Survey of Lifting Appli-
ances.
4-2 Section 4 – Surface Drilling Units B-D

2.7 Towing 3.3 The local structure in way of elements of the

If the unit is towed by tugs, a general arrangement
drawing of the towing system has to be submitted.
Towing forces and permissible towing directions are
to be defined.
In the drawings of the hull structure the measures to
transfer the towing forces into the hull have to be
shown. As maximum towing forces the breaking
strength of the towing ropes or cables defined in the
towing arrangement has to be assumed.
Conditions for towing shall be clearly indicated in the
Operating Manual, compare Section 1, C.3.1.
position mooring system and of the towing system, if
applicable, has to be reinforced accordingly, compare
A.2.4 and A.2.7.
C. Stability
Stability according to the requirements defined in
Section 7 has to be investigated for the three occurring
modes of operation:
− drilling operation under defined environmental
conditions

− severe storm conditions

B. Structure − transit conditions between different drilling
locations
1. General
Scantlings of the hull structure are to meet the Rules D. Drilling Facilities
for Hull - Volume II. For barge type according to
A.1.2 especially Section 31 has to be observed. 1. Scope
Special consideration however is to be given to items These Rules do not include requirements for the
which may require some deviation or additions to drilling of subsea wells or procedures for their control.
these Rules, in particular the items indicated in 2. - 5. Such drilling operations are subject to control by the
coastal state.
2. Drilling well
2. Drawings to be submitted
2.1 The required strength of the unit shall be The planned interaction of the drilling systems with
maintained in way of the drilling well and particular hull has to be clearly documented, e.g. by:
attention shall be given to the transition between
fore- and -aft members so as to maintain continuity of − drawings showing the arrangement of the drilling
the longitudinal material. Stress concentrations have to derrick including weights and moments
avoided by a favourable structural detailed design. In
addition, the plating of the well is to be suitably − drawings showing the pipe storage and handling
stiffened to prevent damage due to foreign objects
which may become trapped in the well when the unit − drawings showing mud tanks, cement silos, etc.
is in transit.
3. Operating manual
2.2 The drilling well is to be surrounded by
cofferdams. Such cofferdams may temporarily be The rated capacity for each reeving shall be included
used also as tanks for liquids related to drilling in the Operating Manual.
operations, if they can be easily emptied for
inspection. 4. Drilling equipment

3. Deck area 4.1 Drilling derricks shall be designed according

3.1 The deck area in way of large hatches is to be
suitably compensated where necessary to maintain the
strength of the unit.
3.2 The structure in way of heavy concentrated
loads resulting from the drilling derrick, pipe rack, set
back, drilling mud storage, etc., is to be suitably
reinforced.
to recognized codes/standards and/or applicable
National Regulations.
Permanently installed piping systems for drilling
operations are to comply with a recognized standard
or code.
4.2 Requirements for drilling systems are
contained in Volume 4 – Rules for Machinery Instal-
lations, Section 11.
 Section 4 – Surface Drilling Units
E. Safety Aspects
1. Hazardous areas
The general classification in hazardous and non-
hazardous areas is contained in Volume 4 – Rules for
Machinery Installations, Section 2, whereas the area
classification requirements to be observed for drilling
are defined in Volume 4 – Rules for Machinery
Installations, Section 11, B.2.
The requirements for explosion protection of electrical
equipment in hazardous areas are defined in
Volume 5 – Rules for Electrical Installations, Sec-
tion 13.
E 4-3
2. Fire protection
The requirements for structural fire protection and
means of escape are defined in Volume 4 – Rules for
Machinery Installations Section 10, B.
3. Fire detection and extinguishing
The requirements for fire detection and alarm systems
are defined in Volume 4 – Rules for Machinery
Installations, Section 10, J. The requirements for fire
extinguishing systems and equipment are summa-
rized in Volume 4 – Rules for Machinery Instal-
lations, Section 10, C. – I.
4. Life-saving appliances
The number, size and arrangement of life-saving
appliances for the complete crew shall follow the
requirements defined in Section 9 of this Volume.
 Section 5 – Pipe-laying Units
Section 5
Pipe-laying Units
A. General
1. Definition
As pipe-laying vessels are to be understood:
1.1 Pipe-laying vessels
Pipe-laying vessels are seagoing ship-shaped units
having a displacement type hull or hulls, of the single
or catamaran types, which have been designed or
converted for pipe-laying. Such types have propulsion
machinery and a dynamic positioning system or
positional mooring equipment.
The Class Notation PIPE-LAYING VESSEL will be
assigned for this type, compare Volume 1 - Rules for
Classification and Surveys, Section 2.
1.2 Pipe-laying barges
Pipe-laying barges are seagoing units having a
displacement type hull or a semi-submersible configu-
ration, which have been designed or converted for
pipe-laying. These units have no propulsion machi-
nery, but may have positional mooring equipment,
adequate tug assistance or dynamic positioning.
The Class Notations PONTOON EQUIPPED FOR
PIPE-LAYING will be assigned for this type,
compare Volume 1- Rules for Classification and
Surveys , Section 2.
2. Scope
2.1 This Section covers those specific design
criteria and features of pipe-laying units which are not
dealt with in other Sections, as referred to in the
following.
2.2 Machinery and electrical installations
Machinery and electrical installations shall be
designed according to Volume 4 – Rules for Machi-
nery Installations and Volume 5 – Rules for Elec-
trical Installations respectively, as applicable.
2.3 Lifting appliances
2.3.1 Drawings showing the location and support
of foundations for cranes and davits have to be
submitted. The forces to the hull structure have to
be defined.
Rules for the interaction of lifting appliances with the
unit, their foundations, etc. are defined in Volume 2 –
Rules for Structures, Section 8.
A, B 5-1
2.3.2 If the lifting appliances shall be included into
the Certification or Classification by BKI, the requi-
rements for offshore cranes and other lifting appli-
ances are defined in the BKI Regulations for the
Construction and Survey of Lifting Appliances.
3. Safety aspects
3.1 Hazardous areas
The general classification in hazardous and non-
hazardous areas is contained in Volume 4 – Rules for
Machinery Installations, Section 2.
The requirements for explosion protection of electrical
equipment in hazardous areas are defined in
Volume 5 – Rules for Electrical Installations, Sec-
tion 13.
3.2 Fire protection
The requirements for structural fire protection and
means of escape are defined in Volume 4 – Rules for
Machinery Installations, Section 10, B.
3.3 Fire detection and extinguishing
The requirements for fire detection and alarm systems
are defined in Volume 4 – Rules for Machinery
Installations, Section 10, J. The requirements for fire
extinguishing systems and equipment are summa-
rized in Volume 4 – Rules for Machinery Instal-
lations, Section 10, C. – I.
3.4 Life-saving appliances
The number, size and arrangement of life-saving
appliances for the complete crew shall follow the
requirements defined in Section 9 of this Volume.
B. Movement and Position Keeping
1. Possibilities
For the movement and position keeping of the unit
during pipe-laying the following possibilities may be
established:
− positional mooring with cables and anchors
− dynamic positioning by a greater number of
thrusters on the unit
− combination of mooring and dynamic positioning
5-2 Section 5 – Pipe-laying Units
2. Dynamic analysis of the pipe-laying
system
A dynamic analysis has to be submitted to BKI, which
has to consider:
− Arrangement of positional mooring system consi-
dering elasticity of cables, if applicable
− function of dynamic positioning system,if appli-
cable
− influence of the laid pipe and forces at the ten-
sioners
− influence of sea state, wind and current condi-
tions, see Volume 2 – Rules for Structures,
Section 1
3. Positional mooring equipment
3.1 If the Class Notation “EQUIPPED WITH
POSITION MOORING SYSTEM” will be
assigned, such a system consisting of:
− heavy anchors belonging to the unit and regularly
changed in position by anchor handling tugs
− safe stowage of the anchors on the unit and
appliances to hand them over to the tugs
− anchor cables as wire ropes or chain cables from
the anchors to fairleads and winches on the unit
including accessories like shackles, quick release
devices, wire rope terminations, etc.
− a winch or windlass for each anchor cable
including tension control and measuring of cable
length paid out
− central control of all winches to keep position and
allow forward movement of the unit on the
planned track
has to be provided, see also Volume 1 - Rules for
Classificartion and Surveys, Section 2.
3.2 An arrangement drawing for the mooring
system has to be submitted. Mooring forces and
permissible mooring directions are to be defined. An
example for a mooring system with 10 anchors is
shown in Fig. 5.1 and Fig. 5.2 for the two phases of
starting of the operation and after a travel of
abt. 600 m.
3.3 In the drawings for the hull structure the
foundations for the mooring winches and the fairleads
have to be shown. The acting forces on the
foundations are to be calculated for 100 % of the
nominal breaking load of the mooring cables. For the
supporting structure under this equipment 100 % of
the minimum yield stress ReH is to be observed as
acceptance criteria in the calculation.
3.4 The mooring equipment for position keeping
on the pipeline track is defined in Section 8, C.
B
4. Dynamic position keeping
4.1 Dynamic position keeping at the pipe-laying
route means maintaining a desired position within the
normal allowance of the control system and under
defined environmental conditions. The required posi-
tion tolerances during pipe-laying operations have to
be defined by the owner/operator.
Thrusters used as sole means of position keeping shall
provide a level of safety equivalent to that provided
for mooring arrangements to the satisfaction of BKI.
4.2 The complete dynamic positioning system
requires the following sub-systems:
− power system
− thruster system
− control system
4.3 The Class Notations DP 1 to DP 3 will be
assigned if the systems complies with the require-
ments of the BKI Rules Dynamic Positioning
Systems, see also Volume 1 - Rules for Classification
and Surveys, Section 2.
5. Combination of positional mooring systems
with dynamic positioning
5.1 Also a combination of the positional mooring
system according to 3. with a dynamic positioning
system according to 4. may be established, if it is of
advantage for a special task.
5.2 It shall be secured that all elements of the
combined system are operated from one control
station overlooking the unit and the mooring area.
5.3 The detailed requirements for such a combi-
nation will be defined case by case.
6. Towing
6.1 If the unit is towed by tugs, a general
arrangement drawing of the towing system has to be
submitted. Towing forces and permissible towing
directions are to be defined.
6.2 Towing arrangements and procedures shall be
such as to reduce to a minimum any danger to
personnel during towing operations. The design and
arrangement of towing fittings shall have regard to
both normal and emergency conditions.
6.3 In the drawings of the hull structure the
measures to transfer the towing forces into the hull
have to be shown. As towing forces 100 % of the
nominal breaking load of the towing lines have to be
considered. For the supporting structure under this
equipment 100 % of the minimum yield stress ReH
is to observed as acceptance criterion in the
calculation.
 Section 5 – Pipe-laying Units B 5-3

Fig. 5.1 Example for a typical position mooring system in abt. 100 m water depth (starting phase)

Fig. 5.2 Example for a typical position mooring system in abt. 100 m water depth (after 600 m travel)
5-4 Section 5 – Pipe-laying Units C, D

7. Operating manual 3. Special aspects for the hull structure

For the positioning and towing systems the following The following requirements, which are characteristic
aspects have to be included in the Operating Manual, for pipe-laying, have to be considered for the design
compare Section 1, C.3.1: of the hull structure, e.g.:

− principal functioning and co-operation of the
different elements of the system
− procedure for the start of pipe-laying
− procedure for normal pipe-laying operation
with advancing unit
− stopping or finishing the pipe-laying operation
with disconnecting and abandoning of the
pipeline
− towing conditions
− procedures in the event of failure of the systems
− emergency measures
− slot in the rear part of the main deck to lead the
pipe with the necessary bending radius to the
stinger
− transmission of the forces from the stinger to the
stern of the unit and of the forces from the
a frame for holding the stinger back and
adjusting the inclination of it to the main deck
− transmission of the pipeline forces pulling the
(two) tensioners horizontally to the stern into the
midship section of the hull
− considerable mooring forces from different di-
rections at stern and bow
− various loads from the pipe-laying facility as
described in E.

8. Sea trials

8.1 A schedule for the proposed tests of the D. Watertight Integrity and Stability
positioning and towing systems has to be submitted
for approval to BKI Head Office in due time before 1. Watertight integrity
the sea trials.
For subdivision into watertight compartments
see Section 7, E.
8.2 All procedures defined in the Operating
Manual have to be tested as far as practicable in this
stadium. 2. Stability

8.3 The trials have to be executed in presence of 2.1 Load cases

the BKI Surveyor who will sign a detailed trials
protocol to be prepared by the builder, if the tests are
successful. The duplicate of this protocol has to be
sent to BKI Head Office for final approval.
C. Structure
The following load cases have to be considered:
2.1.1 Standard load cases
− normal pipe-laying operation up to defined
environmental limit conditions
− severe storm and seaway conditions with pipe
disconnected and abandoned at the sea-bed.

1. General design 2.1.2 Special load cases

Scantlings of the hull structure are to meet the BKI

Rules for Hull - Volume II. For barge type according
to A.1.2 especially Section 31 has to be observed.
Special consideration however is to be given to items
which may require some deviation or additions to
these Rules, in particular the items defined in the
following.
2. Loads
The loads established in the dynamic analysis of the
pipe-laying system according to B.2. have to be
considered.
− ocean towage for long distances without or with
stinger, if applicable
− field towage for short distances with stinger
− inspection or repair of existing pipelines by lifting
up a part of the pipeline from the sea-bed to
the units side
− influences from crane operation and positional
mooring have to be considered
2.1.3 Other load cases
Depending on the type of pipe-laying unit and the
method of operation other load cases may be consi-
dered case by case.
 Section 5 – Pipe-laying Units
2.2 Stability criteria
2.2.1 Intact stability
Concerning stability criteria the Code of Intact
Stability for All Types of Ships Covered by IMO
Instruments Resolution A.749(18) as amended by
resolution MSC 75(69) shall be applied 1.
Special considerations shall be given to an unusual
arrangement of units, which also may lead to
additional stability criteria.
2.2.2 Damage stability
The criteria of the Code of Safety for Special Purpose
Ships acc. to IMO Res.A.543(13) and of the Code for
the Construction and Equipment of Mobile Offshore
Drilling Units (MODU Code) shall be used as far as
applicable.
E. Pipe-laying Facility
1. Scope
In general the facility directly used for pipe storage,
fabrication of the pipe connections, pipe fixing and
delivering/recovering to/from the sea-bed are not
subject to Classification or Certification by BKI. But
the characteristics of the facilities, which influence:
− overall design of the unit
− overall safety of the unit
− weights and forces on all foundations
− floating and stability behaviour, etc.
will be considered by BKI. Therefore BKI has to
be fully informed by the documents defined in 2.
2. Documents to be submitted
A complete set of documentation to define the
influences on the unit has to be submitted by the
builder/operator of the facility, consisting of e.g.:
––––––––––––––
1 In addition the criteria of the Code of Safety for Special Pur-
pose Ships acc. to IMO Res.A.543(13) and of the Code for the
Construction and Equipment of Mobile Offshore Drilling
Units (MODU Code) shall be used as far as applicable.
E 5-5
− general arrangement of the pipe-laying facility and
description of the main functions, definition of the
environmental conditions up to which the facility
is able to operate
− facilities for lifting the pipes from the supply
vessels to the storage area and pipe transport on
the unit defining all created moments and forces
− plans showing the arrangement of the pipe
storage/racks, the maximum weights and the inten-
ded foundations on the upper deck
− plans defining the foundation forces of the facility
for pipe connections
− plans showing the arrangement of the pipe
tensioners and the maximum tension forces
− plans showing the support arrangement on the pipe
ramp and the maximum forces to be experienced
− plans showing the integration of the stinger at the
stern of the hull and definition of the forces to be
transferred into the hull, if applicable
− plans showing the stinger including length
variation , if applicable and its floating support, if
applicable
− plans showing the A-frame for variation of the
stinger inclination, if applicable
− BKI reserve the right to ask for any other docu-
mentation necessary to define the interaction of the
facility with the unit
3. Operating Manual
The Operating Manual of the unit, compare Section 1,
C.3.1, shall include all safety aspects created by the
facility and has also to be submitted to BKI. This
manual shall include e.g.:
− functions of the pipe-laying facility including repair
of existing pipelines, if applicable
− influence of pipe-laying on unit operation
− special hazards to the unit
− emergency measures if a failure happens in the
pipe-laying facility, etc.
 Section 6 – Well Stimulation Units
Section 6
Well Stimulation Units
A. General
1. Definition
Well stimulation vessels or units are self-propelled
ship type vessels equipped for intervention at subsea
wells with the aim to improve the operational well
performance.
The Class Notations WELL STIMULATION
VESSEL or WELL STIMULATION UNIT will be
assigned for this type, compare Volume 1 – Rules for
Classification and Surveys, Section 2.
2. Stimulation service
The service of well stimulation vessels/units may be
distinguished in:
− stimulation of subsea wells using various
operating procedures
− stimulation of subsea wells including handling and
storage of well fluids
3. Scope
In this Section the overall and special aspects for this
type of vessel/unit are summarized and references are
given to the different Volume and Sections of the
Rules where the detailed requirements are defined.
B. Special Safety Aspects
1. Area classification
For all types of vessels/units hazardous and
non-hazardous areas have to be investigated and
a complete area classification has to be performed, as
far as needed. For the relevant criteria of such
a classification see Volume 4 - Rules for Machinery
Installations, Section 2.
2. Fire protection
Special attention shall be given to fire protection and
measures for fire fighting. Relevant methods are
summarized in Volume 4 − Rules for Machinery
Installations, Section 10.
A- D 6-1
3. Emergency shut down
For all vessels/units an emergency shut down and
quick well disengagement concept has to be developed
distinguishing different shutdown levels according to
the used procedures of well stimulation. The requi-
rements for relevant safety systems are defined in
Volume 4 – Rules for Machinery Installations,
Section 17.
4. Evacuation
If the stimulation procedures fail and the crew will be
in extreme danger the equipment for a quick and
smooth evacuation shall be available. The requi-
rements for such equipment are defined in Section 9.
5. Documentation
All safety aspects have to be clearly defined in written
form, such as a Safety Management Plan, and shall be
included in the Operating Manual of the vessel/unit,
compare Section 1, C.3.1.
C. Position Keeping
1. As the well stimulation vessel/unit has to stay
near or above the well within a very restricted location
allowance, the position keeping will be a major
pre-requisite.
2. Position keeping may be established by the
following methods:
− positional mooring with anchors, cables and
mooring winches according to Section 8 and
Volume 4 − Rules for Machinery Installations,
Section 8, C.
− dynamic positioning with propulsion systems
according to Volume 4 − Rules for Machinery
Installations, Section 6, E. For this type of
vessel/unit the requirements for Class Notation
DP 2 are recommended.
D. Well Stimulation Equipment
1. The foundations for such equipment have to
be integrated into the structure of the vessel/unit
considering extreme loads likely to occur during the
stimulation process.
6-2 Section 6 – Well Stimulation Units D

2. Well stimulation equipment is in general not 3. Especially equipment to be installed in

subject to Classification by BKI. Nevertheless this hazardous areas shall meet the necessary safety
equipment shall be designed and built according to standards. For electrical installations reference may
recognized regulations and safety standards. given to Volume 5 – Rules for Electrical Installations,
Section 13.
 Section 7 – Subdivision, Stability and Load Line A, B 7-1
 

Section 7
Subdivision, Stability and Load Line

A. General Remarks, Scope F = 0, 5 ⋅ CS ⋅ C H ⋅ ρ ⋅ v 2 ⋅ A [ N ]

1. This Section refers to the subdivision, F = wind force [N]

stability and load line requirements for mobile off-
shore units and covers, essentially, the relevant
regulations of the IMO "Code for the Construction and
Equipment of Mobile Offshore Drilling Units (MODU
Code)", as amended.
2. Any additional National Regulations should
be observed, where applicable.
CS = shape coefficient depending on the shape of
the structural member exposed to the wind,
see Table 7.1 [–]
CH = height coefficient depending on the height
above sea level of the structural member
exposed to wind, see Table 7.2 [–]

3. Regarding the effects of (maximum) angles
of inclination on machinery installations see Volu-
me 4 – Rules for Machinery Installations, Sec-
tion 1 C. and Volume 5 – Rules for Electrical
Installations, Section 1, E.
ρ = air mass density (1,25) [Ns²/m4]
v = wind velocity [m/s]
A = projected area of all exposed surfaces in either
the upright or the heeled condition [m²].

B. Righting and Heeling Lever Curves
1. Curves of righting levers and of wind heeling
levers similar to Figure 7.1 with supporting
calculations shall be prepared covering the full range
of operating draughts including those in transit
conditions, taking into account the maximum deck
cargo and equipment in the most unfavourable
position applicable. The righting lever curves and
wind heeling lever curves shall be related to the most
critical axes. Account shall be taken of the free surface
of liquids in tanks.
4. Wind forces shall be considered from any
direction relative to the limit and the value of the wind
velocity shall be as follows:
4.1 In general a minimum wind velocity of
36 m/s (70 knots) for offshore service shall be used for
normal operating conditions and a minimum wind
velocity of 51,5 m/s (100 knots) shall be used for the
severe storm conditions. Loading conditions 2 and 3,
respectively see Volume 2 – Rules for Structures,
Section 3, C.

Table 7.1 Values of the coefficient CS

Shape CS
Spherical 0,4
Cylindrical 0,5
Large flat surface (hull, deckhouse,
1,0
smooth under deck areas)
Drilling derrick 1,25
Wires 1,2
Fig. 7.1 Righting and heeling lever curves
Exposed beams and girders under
1,3
2. Where equipment is of such a nature that it deck
can be lowered and stowed, additional wind heeling Small parts 1,4
lever curves may be required; such data shall clearly
indicate the position of such equipment. Isolated shapes (cranes, beams, etc.) 1,5
Clustered deckhouses or similar
3. The curves of wind heeling levers shall be 1,1
drawn for wind forces calculated by the following structures
formula:
7-2 Section 7 – Subdivision, Stability and Load Line C

Table 7.2 Values of coefficient CH 7. Wind heeling moments derived from wind
tunnel tests on a representative model of the unit may
be considered as alternatives to the method given
Height above sea level [m] CH 1
in 3 to 5. Such heeling moment determination shall
0 – 15,3 1,00 include lift and drag effects at various applicable heel
angles.
15,3 – 30,5 1,10
30,5 – 46,0 1,20 C. Intact Stability Criteria
46,0 – 61,0 1,30
1. Standard criteria
61,0 – 76,0 1,37
76,0 – 91,5 1,43 1.1 The stability of a unit in each mode of
operation shall meet the following criteria, see also
91,5 – 106,5 1,48 Fig. 7.1.
106,5 – 122,0 1,52
1.2 For surface (ship-like) and self-elevating
122,0 – 137,0 1,56 units the area under the righting lever curve to the
137,0 – 152,5 1,60 second intercept or down-flooding angle, whichever is
less, shall be not less than 40 % in excess of the area
152,5 – 167,5 1,63 under the wind heeling lever curve to the same
limiting angle.
167,5 – 183,0 1,67
183,0 – 198,0 1,70 1.3 For column stabilized units the area under the
righting lever curve to the angle of down flooding
198,0 – 213,5 1,72
shall be not less than 30 % in excess of the area under
213,5 – 228,5 1,75 the wind heeling lever curve to the same limiting
angle.
228,5 – 244,0 1,77
244,0 – 256,0 1,79 1.4 The righting lever curve shall be positive
over the entire range of angles from upright to the
Above 256 1,80 second intercept.
1 The higher value of C has to be used.
H
2. Severe storm condition
4.2 Where a unit is to be limited in operation to Each unit shall be capable of sustaining a severe storm
sheltered locations (protected inland waters such as condition in a period of time consistent with
lakes, bays, swamps, rivers, etc.) consideration may be meteorological conditions. The procedures recom-
given to a reduced wind velocity of not less than mended and the approximate length of time required,
25,8 m/s (50 knots) for normal operating conditions. considering both operating conditions and transit
conditions, shall be contained in the Operating
Manual. It shall be possible to achieve the severe
4.3 In calculating the projected areas to the
storm condition without the removal or relocating of
vertical plane the area of surfaces exposed to wind due
solid consumables or other variable loads. However,
to heel or trim, such as deck undersides, etc., shall be
on application and with agreement of BKI, loading
included using the appropriate shape factor. Open
a unit past the point at which solid consumables
truss work may be approximated by taking 30 % of
would have to be removed or relocated to go to
the projected block area of both the front and back
severe storm condition may be permitted under the
section, i.e. 60 % of the projected area of one side.
following conditions, provided the allowable KG
requirement is not exceeded:
5. In calculating the wind heeling moments the
lever of the wind overturning force shall be taken − in a geographic location where weather conditions
vertically from the centre of pressure of all surfaces annually or seasonally do not become sufficiently
exposed to the wind to the centre of lateral resistance severe to require a unit to go to severe storm con-
of the underwater body of the unit. The unit shall be dition, or
assumed floating free of mooring restraint.
− where a unit is required to support extra deck-load
for a short period of time that is well within the
6. The wind heeling levers shall be calculated bounds of a favourable weather forecast
for a sufficient number of heel angles to define the
curve. For ship shaped hulls the curve may be − geographic locations, weather conditions and
assumed to vary as the cosine function of unit heel. loading conditions when this is permitted shall be
identified in the Operating Manual.
 Section 7 – Subdivision, Stability and Load Line
3. Alternative stability criteria
Alternative stability criteria may be accepted provided
an equivalent level of safety is maintained, and if they
are demonstrated to afford adequate positive initial
stability. The acceptability of such criteria will be
determined considering at least the following and
taking into account, as appropriate:
− Environmental conditions representing realistic
winds (including gusts) and waves appropriate for
world wide service in various modes of operation.
− Investigate dynamic response of the unit.
The analysis shall include the results of wind
tunnel tests, wave tank model tests, and non-linear
simulation, where appropriate. Any wind and wave
spectra used shall cover sufficient frequency
ranges to ensure that critical motion responses are
identified.
− Potential for flooding taking into account dynamic
responses in a sea-way.
− Susceptibility to capsizing considering the unit’s
restoration energy and the static inclination due to
the mean wind speed and the maximum dynamic
response.
− An adequate safety margin to account for
un-certainties.
D. Inclining Test
1. An inclining test shall be carried out with the
first unit of a design, when as near to completion as
possible, to determine accurately the light ship data
(weight and position of centre of gravity).
2. For successive units which are identical by
design, the light ship data of the first unit of the series
may be accepted in lieu of an inclining test, provided
the difference in light ship displacement or position of
centre of gravity due to weight changes and minor
differences in machinery, outfitting or equipment,
confirmed by the results of a deadweight survey, are
less than 1 % of the values of the light ship
displacement and principal horizontal dimensions as
deter- mined for the first of the series.
Particular care shall be given to the detailed weight
calculation and comparison with the original unit of
a series of column stabilized semi-submersibles as
these, even though identical by design, are recognized
as being unlikely to attain an acceptable similarity of
weight or centre of gravity to warrant a waiver of the
inclining test.
3. The results of the inclining test, or dead
weight survey and inclining experiment adjusted for
weight differences, shall be indicated in the Operating
Manual.
D, E 7-3
4. A record of all changes to machinery,
structure, outfit and equipment that affect the light
ship data, shall be maintained in the Operating
Manual, or a light ship data alterations log, and be
taken into account in daily operations.
5. For column stabilized units, a dead
weight survey shall be conducted at intervals not
exceeding five years. Where the deadweight survey
indicates a change from the calculated light ship
displacement in excess of 1 % of the operating
displacement, an inclining test shall be conducted.
6. The inclining test or deadweight survey shall
be carried out in the presence of the BKI Surveyor.
E. Subdivision and Damage Stability
1. Surface and self-elevating units
1.1 The unit shall have sufficient freeboard and
be subdivided by means of watertight decks and bulk-
heads to provide sufficient buoyancy and stability to
withstand in general the flooding of any one com-
partment in any operating or transit condition consis-
tent with the damage assumptions set out in F.
1.2 The unit shall have sufficient reserve stability
in a damaged condition to withstand the wind heeling
moment based on a wind velocity of 25,8 m/s
(50 knots) imposed from any direction. In this
condition the final waterline, after flooding, shall be
below the lower edge of any down flooding opening.
2. Column stabilized units
2.1 The unit shall have sufficient freeboard and
be subdivided by means of watertight decks and
bulkheads to provide sufficient buoyancy and stability
to withstand a wind heeling moment induced by
a wind of velocity of 25,8 m/s (50 knots) imposed
from any direction in any operating or transit
condition, considering:
− The angle of inclination after the damage set out in
F.3. shall not be greater than 17°.
− Any opening below the final waterline shall be
made watertight, and openings within 4 m above
the final waterline shall be made weather-tight.
− The righting lever curve after damage as set out
above shall have, from the first intercept to the
lesser of the extent of weather-tight integrity
required above and the second intercept, a range
of at least 7°. Within this range the righting lever
curve shall reach a value of at least twice the wind
heeling lever curve, both being measured at the
same angle, see Fig. 7.2.
7-4 Section 7 – Subdivision, Stability and Load Line
Fig. 7.2 Righting and heeling lever curves for
damage stability
2.2 The unit shall provide sufficient buoyancy
and stability to withstand, in any operating or transit
condition, the flooding of any watertight compartment
wholly or partially below the waterline in question,
which is a pump room, a room containing machinery
with a salt water cooling system or a compartment
adjacent to the sea, considering:
− The angle of inclination after flooding shall not be
greater than 25°.
− Any opening below the final waterline shall be
made watertight.
− A range of positive stability shall be proven,
beyond the calculated angle of inclination in this
condition, of at least 7°.
3. All types of units
3.1 The requirements of 1.1 and 1.2 shall be
determined by calculations which take into conside-
ration the proportions and design characteristics of the
unit and the arrangements and configuration of the
damaged compartments. In making these calculations,
it shall be assumed that the unit is in the worst
anticipated service condition as regards stability and is
floating free of mooring restraints.
3.2 The ability to reduce heeling angles by
pumping out or ballasting compartments, or by
application of mooring forces etc., shall not be
considered as alleviating the requirements.
F. Extent of Damage
1. Surface units
1.1 In assessing the damage stability of surface
units, the following extent of damage shall be assumed
between effective watertight bulkheads:
− horizontal penetration: 1,5 m
F
− vertical extent: from the base line upwards with-
out limit
1.2 The distance between effective watertight
bulkheads or their nearest stepped portions, which are
positioned within the assumed extent of horizontal
penetration, shall be not less than 3 m. Where there is
a lesser distance one or more of the adjacent bulkheads
shall be disregarded.
1.3 Where damage of a lesser extent than given
in 1.1 results in a more severe condition, such lesser
extent shall be assumed.
1.4 All piping, ventilation systems, trunks, etc.,
within the extent of damage referred to in 1.1 shall be
assumed to be damaged. Positive means of closure
shall be provided at watertight boundaries to preclude
the progressive flooding of other spaces which are
intended to be intact.
2. Self-elevating units
2.1 In assessing the damage stability of self-
elevating units, the following extent of damage shall
be assumed between effective watertight bulkheads:
− horizontal penetration: 1,5 m
− vertical extent: from the base line upwards
without limit
Where a bottom mat is fitted, assumed damage
penetration simultaneous to both the mat and the upper
hull need only be considered when the lightest
draught allows any part of the mat to fall within 1,5 m
vertically of the waterline, and the difference in
horizontal dimension of the upper hull and mat is less
than 1,5 m in any area under consideration. If damage
of a lesser extent results in a more severe final
equilibrium condition, such lesser extent shall be
assumed.
2.2 The distance between effective watertight
bulkheads or their nearest stepped portions, which are
positioned within the assumed extent of horizontal
penetration, shall be not less than 3 m. Where there is
a lesser distance one or more of the adjacent bulkheads
shall be disregarded.
2.3 Where damage of a lesser extent than given
in 2.1 results in a more severe condition, such lesser
extent shall be assumed.
2.4 All piping, ventilation, systems, trunks, etc.
within the extent of damage referred to in 2.1 shall be
assumed to be damaged.
2.5 Positive means of closure shall be provided at
watertight boundaries to preclude the progressive
flooding of other spaces which are intended to be
intact. In addition, the compartments adjacent to the
bottom shell are also to be considered flooded
individually.
 Section 7 – Subdivision, Stability and Load Line
2.6 The recessed ends and sides of the drilling
slot need not be subject to horizontal penetration if
warning signs be posted on each side of the vessel
stating that no boats be allowed inside the drilling slot.
Instructions to this effect should be included in the
Operating Manual.
3. Column stabilized units
3.1 In assessing the damage stability of column
stabilized units, the following extent of damage shall
be assumed.
3.2 Only those columns, underwater hulls and
braces on the periphery of the unit shall be assumed to
be damaged, and the damage shall be assumed in the
exposed portions of the columns, underwater hulls and
braces.
3.3 Columns and braces shall be assumed to be
flooded by damage having a vertical extent of 3 m
occurring at any level between 5 m above and 3 m
below the draughts specified in the Operating Manual.
Where a watertight flat is located within this region,
the damage should be assumed to have occurred in
both compartments above and below the watertight
flat in question. Lesser distances above or below the
draughts may be applied to the satisfaction of
BKI, taking into account the actual operating
conditions. However, the extent of required damage
region should be at least 1,5 m above and below the
draughts specified in the Operating Manual.
3.4 No vertical bulkhead shall be assumed to be
damaged, except where bulkheads are spaced closer
than a distance of one eighth of the column’s perime-
ter at the draught under consideration, measured at the
periphery, in which case one or more of the bulkheads
shall be disregarded.
3.5 Horizontal penetration of damage shall be
assumed to be 1,5 m.
3.6 Underwater hulls or footings shall be as-
sumed to be damaged while the unit is operating in a
transit condition, in the same manner as indicated in
3.2, 3.3, 3.5 and having regard to their shape, either
3.4 or between effective watertight bulkheads.
3.7 If damage of a lesser extent results in a more
severe damage equilibrium condition, such a lesser
extent shall be assumed.
3.8 All piping, ventilation systems, trunks, etc.,
within the extent of damage shall be assumed to be
damaged.
3.9 Positive means of closure shall be provided at
watertight boundaries to preclude the progressive
flooding of other spaces which are intended to be
intact.
G 7-5
G. Watertight Integrity
1. Openings and penetrations
The number of openings in watertight subdivisions
shall be kept to a minimum compatible with the design
and proper working of the unit. Where penetrations of
watertight decks and bulkheads are necessary for
access, piping, ventilation, electrical cables, etc.,
arrangements shall be made to maintain the watertight
integrity of the enclosed compartments.
2. Valves
2.1 Where valves are provided at watertight
boundaries to maintain watertight integrity, these
valves shall be capable of being operated from a
pump-room or other normally manned space, a
weather deck, or a deck which is above the final
waterline after flooding. In the case of a column
stabilized unit this will be the central ballast control
station. Valve position indicators shall be provided at
the remote control station.
2.2 For self-elevating units the ventilation system
valves required to maintain watertight integrity shall
be kept closed when the unit is afloat. Necessary
ventilation in this case shall be arranged by alternative
approved methods.
3. Internal openings
3.1 The means to ensure the watertight integrity
of internal openings shall comply with the following
requirements:
− Doors and hatch covers which are used during the
operation of the unit while afloat shall be remotely
controlled from the central ballast control station
and shall also be operable locally from each side.
Open/shut indicators shall be provided at the
control station.
− Doors or hatch covers which are normally closed
while the unit is afloat are to be provided with an
alarm system (e.g. light signals) showing
personnel both locally and at the central ballast
control station whether the doors or hatch covers
in question are open or closed. A notice shall be
affixed to each such door or hatch cover to the
effect that it is not to be left open while the unit is
afloat.
3.2 The means to ensure the watertight integrity
internal openings which are kept permanently closed
during the operation of the unit, while afloat, shall
comply with the following requirements:
− A notice shall be affixed to each such closing
appliance to the effect that it is to be kept closed
while the unit is afloat, except that manholes fitted
with close bolted covers need not be so marked.
− On self-elevating units, an entry shall be made in
the official log book or tour report, as applicable,
7-6 Section 7 – Subdivision, Stability and Load Line
to the effect that all such openings have been
witnessed closed before the unit becomes
waterborne.
4. External openings
4.1 All down-flooding openings, the lower
edge of which are submerged when the unit is
inclined to the first intercept between the righting
lever and wind heeling lever curves in any intact or
damaged condition, shall be fitted with a suitable
watertight closing appliance, such as closely spaced
bolted covers.
4.2 Where flooding of chain lockers or other
buoyant volumes may occur, the openings to these
spaces shall be considered as down-flooding points for
calculating intact stability.
H. Load Line
1. General requirements
1.1 The requirements of the 1966 Load Line
Convention, as amended shall in principle apply to all
units. The minimum freeboard of units which cannot
be computed by the normal methods laid down by that
Convention shall be determined on the basis of
meeting the applicable intact stability, damage
stability and structural requirements for transit
conditions and drilling operations while afloat. The
freeboard shall not be less than that computed from the
Convention where applicable.
1.2 The requirements of the 1966 Load Line
Convention with respect to weather tightness and
water tightness of decks, superstructures, deckhouses,
doors, hatchway covers, other openings, ventilators,
air pipes, scuppers, inlets and discharges, etc., shall be
taken as a basis for all units in the afloat condition.
1.3 In general, heights of hatch and ventilator
coamings, air pipes, door sills, etc., in exposed
positions and their means of closing shall be
determined by consideration of both intact and damage
stability requirements.
1.4 All down-flooding openings which may
be- come submerged, before the angle of inclination at
which the required area under the intact righting arm
curve is achieved, shall be fitted with weather-tight
closing appliances.
1.5 With regard to damage stability, the
requirements in E.2.1 (2nd item), E.2.2 and G.4.1 shall
apply.
1.6 Special consideration shall be given to the
position of openings which cannot be closed in
emergencies, such as air intakes for emergency
generators, having regard to the intact righting arm
curves and the final waterline after assumed damage.
H
1.7 Special consideration shall be given to small
hatches with an opening area of 2,5 m² or less at the
exposed deck over the forward 0,25 L on seagoing
units of length 80 m or more, that are contracted on or
after 1st January 2004, where the height of the exposed
deck in way of the hatch is less than 0,1 L or 22 m
above the summer load waterline, whichever is the
lesser. For design details see Rules for Hull, Volu-
me II, Section 17, D.2.
1.8 Special consideration shall be given to air
pipes, ventilator pipes and their closing devices at the
exposed deck over the forward 0,25 L on seagoing
units of length 80 m or more, that are contracted on or
after 1st January 2004, where the height of the exposed
deck in way of the pipes is less than 0,1 L or 22 m
above the summer load waterline, whichever is the
lesser. For design details see Rules for Hull, Volu-
me II, Section 21, E.5.
2. Surface units
2.1 Load lines shall be assigned to surface units
as calculated under the terms of the 1966 Load Line
Convention and shall be subject to all the conditions
of assignment of that Convention.
2.2 Where it is necessary to assign a greater than
minimum freeboard to meet intact or damage stability
requirements, or due to any other restriction, seasonal
marks above the centre of the ring shall not be
marked, and any seasonal marks below the centre of
the ring shall be marked.
2.3 Where moonpools are arranged within the
hull in open communication with the sea, the volume
of the moonpool shall not be included in calculation of
any hydrostatic properties. An addition shall be made
to the geometric freeboard, if the moonpool has
a larger cross-sectional area above the water line at
0,85 H than below, corresponding to the lost
buoyancy (H = depth). This addition for the excess
portion above 0,85 H shall be made as prescribed for
well/recesses below. If an enclosed superstructure
contains part of the moonpool, deduction shall be
made for the effective length of the superstructure.
Where open wells/recesses are arranged in the
freeboard deck, a correction equal to the volume of the
well/recess up to the freeboard deck divided by the
waterplane area at 0,85 H shall be made to the
freeboard obtained after all other corrections except
bow height correction have been made. Free surface
effects of the flooded well/recess shall be taken into
account in stability calculations.
 Section 7 – Subdivision, Stability and Load Line
2.4 The procedure described in 2.3 shall also
apply in cases of small notches or relatively narrow
cut-outs at the stern of the unit.
2.5 Narrow wing extensions at the stern of the
unit shall be considered as appendages and excluded
for the determination of length L and for the
calculation of freeboards.
3. Self-elevating units
3.1 Load lines shall be assigned to self-elevating
units as calculated under the terms of the 1966 Load
Line Convention taking into account 2.2 to 2.5. When
floating or when in transit from one operational area to
another, units shall be subject to all the conditions of
assignment of that Convention unless specifically
excepted, e.g. from Reg. 39 (minimum bow height).
However, these units shall not be subject to the term
of that Convention while they are supported by the
sea-bed or are in the process of lowering or
raising their legs.
For the consideration of moonpools see 2.3.
3.2 The minimum freeboard of units which due
to their configuration cannot be computed by the
normal methods laid down by the 1966 Load Line
Convention shall be determined on the basis of
meeting applicable intact stability, damage stability
and structural requirements in the afloat condition.
3.3 Some self-elevating units utilize a large mat
or similar supporting structure which contributes to
the buoyancy when the unit is floating. In such cases the
mat or similar supporting structure shall be ignored
in the calculation of freeboard. The mat or similar
supporting structure shall, however, always be taken
into account in the evaluation of the stability
H 7-7
of the unit when floating since its vertical position
relative to the upper hull may be critical. See also
Section 2.
4. Column stabilized units
4.1 The hull form of this type of unit makes the
calculation of geometric freeboard in accordance with
the provisions of Chapter III of the 1966 Load Line
Convention impracticable. Therefore the minimum
freeboard of each column stabilized unit shall be
determined by meeting the applicable requirements for
− the strength of unit’s structure
− minimum clearance between passing wave crests
and deck structure, see Section 3, B.1.3.
− intact and damage stability requirements
4.2 The minimum freeboard shall be marked in
appropriate locations on the structure.
4.3 The enclosed deck structure of each column
stabilized unit shall be made weathertight.
4.4 Windows, sidescuttles and portlights, inclu-
ding those of the non-opening type, or other similar
openings shall not be located below the deck structure
of column stabilized units.
4.5 Special consideration shall be given to the
position of openings which cannot be closed in
emergencies, such as air intakes for emergency
generators, having regard to the intact righting arm
curves and the final waterline after assumed damage.
5. Pipe-laying units
For the special requirements for watertight integrity
and stability of pipe-laying units see Section 5, D.
 Section 8 – Mooring Equipment
Section 8
Mooring Equipment
A. General
1. Definitions
1.1 Temporary mooring equipment
Temporary mooring equipment in the context of this
Section is the mooring equipment consisting of
anchors, cables, winches etc. intended to be used
while the mobile offshore unit is not in a working
condition but during voyages and location moves, and
for anchoring within harbours or in sheltered areas.
The equipment is to be designed to hold a unit in
position when exposed to moderate environmental
loads.
1.2 Positional mooring equipment
Positional mooring equipment in the context of this
Section is a system for position keeping on the
working location. The system is intended to keep the
unit in position, i.e. maintaining the prescribed limits
of movement during the work envisaged and
preventing the unit or other floating bodies from
drifting under all anticipated sea and weather
conditions.
2. Scope
2.1 As a condition of Class and for assigning the
Class Notation , the unit is to be provided with
temporary mooring equipment complying with the
provisions of B. Deviations from this general require-
ment will be stated in the Class Certificate.
2.2 Positional mooring equipment, usually
provided for ship type and column stabilized units, is
to comply with the provisions of C. An appropriate
Notation may be affixed to the Character of
Classification, see C.1.2.
2.3 When separate temporary mooring equipment
is not fitted, consideration will be given to accepting
the positional mooring equipment as equivalent to the
rule requirements for temporary mooring equipment,
if the provisions of B. are complied with.
2.4 Where positioning of the unit on the working
location is achieved by a dynamic positioning system,
the Notation DP will be affixed to the Character of
Class, see C.7. In that case separate temporary
mooring equipment according to B. will be required.
A, B 8-1
3. Documents to be submitted
Plans showing the arrangement and complete details
of the anchoring system, including anchors, shackles,
anchor lines consisting of chain, wire or rope, together
with details of fairleads, windlasses, winches and any
other components of the anchoring system and their
foundations are to be submitted to BKI.
B. Temporary Mooring Equipment
1. General
1.1 Temporary mooring equipment fitted in
accordance with the provisions of this Section is to be
designed for quick and safe operation in all
foresee-able service conditions and for holding the
unit at anchor.
Note:
1. Temporary mooring equipment is, therefore,
not intended to hold a unit off fully exposed coasts in
rough weather or to stop a unit which is moving or
drifting. In this condition, the loads on the mooring
equipment increase to such a degree that its
components may be damaged or lost owing to the high
energy forces generated, particularly for large units.
2. In good holding ground the temporary
mooring equipment required by this Section is
intended to hold a unit in conditions such as to avoid
dragging of the anchor. In poor holding ground,
the holding power of the anchors will be significantly
reduced.
3. The Equipment Numeral formula for the
temporary mooring equipment required in this Section
is based on an assumed current speed of 2,5 m/sec,
a wind speed of 25 m/sec, and a scope of chain cable
between 6 and 10, the scope being the ratio between
length of chain paid out and water depth.
1.2 The temporary mooring equipment shall
consist of anchors, chain cables, windlass or winches,
chain stoppers, chain lockers (if chains are fitted) and
wire ropes.
The equipment of anchors and chain cables is to be
determined from Table 8.1.
1.3 The anchors are to be effectively stowed and
secured to prevent any movement at sea. If the
anchors are stowed at the shell, the shell plating is to
be increased in thickness and the framing may have to
be strengthened.
8-2 Section 8 – Mooring Equipment B

1.4 The arrangements are to be such as to provide
an easy lead of chain cable/wire rope from the anchor
to the windlass/winch and to ensure that the anchor
can be dropped by its own weight without assistance.
1.5 Dimensioning
However, upon case-by-case consideration a reduced
projected area of leeward structures may be accep-
ted.
Reduction factors on account of the particular shape of
structures are normally not to be applied.

1.5.1 For the supporting structure under 3. Anchors

windlasses, chain stoppers, fairleads, sheaves and any
other items of equipment subjected to loads from the
anchor cables as determined in accordance with the
provisions of 1.5.2 or 1.5.3, the following permissible
stresses are to be observed:
− axial, bending stress : σb ≤ 0,8 x ReH
− shear stress : τ ≤ 0,5 x ReH
− equivalent stress : σeq = σb 2 + 3 x τ 2 ≤ R eH
3.1 Number
Two rule power anchors according to Table 8.1 are to
be connected to their chain cables and positioned on
board ready for use. It is to be ensured that each
anchor can be stowed in the hawse and hawse pipe in
such a way that it remains firmly secured in seagoing
conditions.

1.5.2 Where chain cables are led through hawse 3.2 Construction
pipes, the acting forces are to be taken as 80 % or
45 % of the rated breaking load of the chain cable, i.e. 3.2.1 The anchors are to be made of materials and
are to be tested as required in accordance with the
− for chain stoppers : 80 % Rules for Materials – Volume V, Section 12.
− for windlasses : 80 % where no chain
3.2.2 The anchors shall be of approved design. The
stoppers are fitted
mass of the heads of patent anchors (stockless
− for windlasses : 45 % where chain stoppers anchors), including pins and fittings, shall comprise
are fitted not less than 60 % of the total mass of the anchor.

1.5.3 Where hawse pipes are not installed and the 3.2.3 In case of stock anchors, the total mass of the
chain cables are guided by fairleads and sheaves, the anchor including the stock shall comply with the
acting forces are to be taken as 100 % or 50 % of the values given in Table 8.1. The weight of the stock
rated braking load of the chain cable, i.e. should be approximately 20 % of this total mass.
− for chain stoppers : 100 %
3.2.4 The mass of each individual anchor may
− for windlasses : 100 % where no chain deviate from the tabular mass by up to 7 % as long as
stoppers are fitted the total mass of the anchors fitted and attached to the
− for windlasses : 50 % where chain stoppers chain cables is not less then twice the tabular mass of
are fitted one anchor.

3.3 High holding power anchors

2. Equipment numeral
3.3.1 Where anchors with increased holding power
The equipment numeral Z is to be calculated as are intended to be used, a special approval procedure
follows: is required, as described in 3.4. The following reduced
Z= D Z= 2/3
+D
fW + fW masses may be admitted:

D = moulded displacement [t] in seawater having − for ‘High Holding Power’ (HHP)
a density of 1,025 t/m³ when at anchor anchors: 75 % of the tabular mass
fW = projected area of all surfaces above the water − for ‘Very High Holding Power’ (VHHP)
line [m²] perpendicular to the wind direction anchors: 50 % of the tabular mass
when at anchor
3.3.2 The dimensions of the chain cable and
The masking effect of structures located behind each windlass are to be based on the tabular anchor
other is normally not to be taken into account. mass as given in Table 8.1.
 Section 8 – Mooring Equipment B 8-3

Table 8.1 Definition of anchors and chain cables

2 stockless
bower Stud link chain cables
Number. for. Equipment anchors
Reg. numeral Z Diameter
Mass per
Total length
anchor d1 1 d2 d3
[− ] [− ] [kg] [m] [mm] [mm] [mm]
120 720 – 780 2280 467,5 48 42 36
121 780 – 840 2460 467,5 50 44 38
122 840 – 910 2640 467,5 52 46 40
123 910 – 980 2830 495 54 48 42
124 980 – 1060 3060 495 56 50 44
125 1060 – 1140 3300 495 58 50 46

126 1140 – 1220 3540 522,5 60 52 46

127 1220 – 1300 3780 522,5 62 54 48
128 1330 – 1390 4050 522,5 64 56 50
129 1390 – 1480 4320 550 66 58 50
130 1480 – 1570 4590 550 68 60 52

131 1570 – 1670 4890 550 70 62 54

132 1670 – 1790 5450 577,5 73 64 56
133 1790 – 1930 5610 577,5 76 66 58
134 1930 – 2080 6000 577,5 78 68 60
135 2080 – 2230 6450 605 81 70 62

136 2230 – 2380 6900 605 84 73 64

137 2380 – 2530 7350 605 87 76 66
138 2530 – 2700 7800 632,5 90 78 68
139 2700 – 2870 8300 632,5 92 81 70
140 2870 – 3040 8700 632,5 95 84 73

141 3040 – 3210 9300 660 97 84 76

142 3210 – 3400 9900 660 100 87 78
143 3400 – 3600 10500 660 102 90 78
144 3600 – 3800 11100 687,5 105 92 81
145 3800 – 4000 11700 687,5 107 95 84

146 4000 – 4200 12300 687,5 111 97 87

147 4200 – 4400 12900 715 114 100 87
148 4400 – 4600 13500 715 117 102 90
149 4600 – 4800 14100 175 120 105 92
150 4800 – 5000 14700 742,5 122 107 95
8-4 Section 8 – Mooring Equipment B

Table 8.1 Definition of anchors and chain cables (Continuous)

2 stockless
bower Stud link chain cables
Number. for. Equipment anchors
Reg. numeral Z Diameter
Mass per
Total length
anchor d1 1 d2 d3

[− ] [− ] [kg] [m] [mm] [mm] [mm]

151 5000 – 5200 15400 742,5 124 111 97
152 5200 – 5500 16100 742,5 127 111 97
153 5500 – 5800 16900 742,5 130 114 100
154 5800 – 6100 17800 742,5 132 117 102
155 6100 – 6500 18800 742,5 120 107

156 6500 – 6900 20000 770 124 111

157 6900 – 7400 21500 770 127 114
158 7400 – 7900 23000 770 132 117
159 7900 – 8400 24500 770 137 122
160 8400 – 8900 26000 770 142 127

161 8900 – 9400 27500 770 147 132

162 9400 – 10000 29000 770 152 132
163 10000 – 10700 31000 770 137
164 10700 – 11500 33000 770 142
165 11500 – 12400 35500 770 147

166 12400 – 13400 38500 770 152

167 13400 – 14600 42000 770 157
168 14600 – 16000 46000 770 162
d1 = chain diameter Grade KI-K1 (ordinary quality)
d2 = chain diameter Grade KI-K2 (special quality)
d3 = chain diameter Grade KI-K3 (extra quality)
1 not recommended for offshore use

3.4 Approval procedure 3.4.2 The chain length used in the tests should be
approx. 6 to 10 times the depth of water.

3.4.1 For approval as a "High Holding Power

Anchor", satisfactory tests are to be made on
various types of bottom and the anchor is to have a
holding power at least twice that of a patent anchor
("Admiralty Standard Stockless") of the same mass.
The mass of anchors to be tested should be
representative of the full range of sizes intended to be
manufactured. The tests are to be carried out on at least
two sizes of anchors in association with the chain
cables appropriate to the weight. The anchors to be
tested and the standard stockless anchors should be of
approximate the same mass.
3.4.3 The tests are normally to be carried out from
a tug, however, alternative shore based tests (e.g. with
suitable winches) may be accepted.
Three tests are to be carried out for each anchor and
type of bottom. The pull shall be measured by means
of a dynamometer or recorded by a recording instru-
ment. Measurements of pull based on rpm/bollard pull
curve of the tug may be accepted. Testing by compari-
son with a previously approved HHP anchor may be
accepted as a basis for approval.
 Section 8 – Mooring Equipment
3.4.4 The maximum mass of an anchor thus
approved may be 10 times the mass of the largest size
of anchor tested.
3.5 Positional anchors
Anchors used as positional anchors in accordance with
C., which shall be specially laid the right way up or
which require flukes and profile to be adjusted to meet
sea-bed conditions, will not normally be approved for
temporary mooring purposes.
4. Mooring chain cables and accessories
4.1 The chain cable diameters given in Table 8.1
apply to chains complying with the requirements of
the Rules for Materials - Volume V, Section 13,
where
− Grade KI-K1 (ordinary quality)
− Grade KI-K2 (special quality)
− Grade KI-K3 (extra special quality)
are defined.
4.2 Grade KI-K1 chain cable should not be used
for offshore applications. Where the installation of off-
shore quality mooring chains is intended, the provi-
sions of C.4. apply.
4.3 Grade KI-K2 and KI-K3 chain cables shall
be post production quenched and tempered and shall
be purchased only from recognized manufacturers.
4.4 Chain cables or wire ropes, if fitted, are to be
made of materials and tested in accordance with the
BKI Rules mentioned under 4.1.
4.5 Where the total mass of anchors is divided
into three or four anchors, see 3.1, the chain cable
diameter and lengths are to be determined from Table
8.1 for the mass of the anchor actually fitted. The
chain cable length is to be determined by dividing the
tabular length by two and then multiplying by the
number of anchors actually fitted, unless specified
otherwise by the owner/operator.
4.6 Accessories
4.6.1 Anchor shackles shall be of an approved type
and the material(s) shall conform to the Rules
mentioned under 4.1. Kenter-type shackles are
recommended.
4.6.2 A forerunner with swivel is to be fitted
between anchor and chain cable. In lieu of a forerunner
with swivel, an approved swivel shackle may be fitted.
However, swivel shackles are not to be connected
directly to the anchor shank unless specially approved.
4.6.3 Where a spare anchor is fitted, see 3.1, a
sufficient number of suitable spare shackles is to be
B 8-5
kept on board to facilitate fitting of the spare anchor at
any time.
4.7 Attachment of cable ends
4.7.1 The inboard ends of the chain cables are to be
secured to the structure. The attachment is to be able
to withstand a force not less than 15 % nor more than
30 % of the rated breaking load of the chain cable.
4.7.2 The attachment of the inboard ends of the
chain cables to the unit’s structure is to be provided
with suitable means to permit, in case of emergency,
an easy slipping of the chain cables to sea from an
accessible position outside the chain locker.
4.8 Wire ropes
Where wire ropes are fitted in lieu of chain cables, the
following applies:
− The length of ropes is to be equal to 1,5 times the
corresponding tabular chain cable length.
− The ropes breaking strength is not to be less than
the breaking strength of the tabular Grade
KI-K1 chain cable. Strength according to Grade
KI-K2 chains is recommended.
− A short length of chain cable is to be fitted
between anchor and wire rope. Wire rope
winches are to be fitted which comply with the
rules for windlasses, see Volume 4 – Rules for
Machinery Installations, Section 8, A.
5. Chain locker
5.1 The chain locker is to be of adequate capacity
and depth to facilitate an easy direct lead of the cables
through the chain pipes and to permit self-stowing of
the cables. The chain locker is to be provided with
internal divisions so that the chain cables may be fully
and separately stowed.
The minimum required stowage capacity without mud
box for the two bower anchor chains is as follows:
d = chain diameter [mm] according to Table 8.1
l = total length of stud link chain cable according to
Table 8.1
The total stowage capacity is to be distributed on two
chain lockers of equal size for the port and starboard
chain cables. The shape of the base areas shall as far
as possible be quadratic with a maximum edge length
of 33 ⋅ d. As an alternative, circular base areas may be
selected, the diameter of which shall not exceed
(30 – 35) . d.
Above the stowage of each chain locker in addition a
free depth of
H = 1500 [mm]
is to be provided.
8-6 Section 8 – Mooring Equipment
5.2 The chain locker boundaries and their access
openings are to be watertight to prevent flooding of
adjacent spaces, where essential installations or
equipment are arranged, in order to not affect the
proper operation of the unit after accidental flooding
of the chain locker.
5.3 Where the chain locker boundaries are also
tank bulkheads, the scantlings of plating and stiffeners
are to be determined as for tanks.
5.4 Special requirements to minimize the
ingress of water
5.4.1 Spurling pipes and cable lockers are to be
watertight up to the weather deck.
5.4.2 Where means of access is provided, it is to be
closed by a substantial cover and secured by closely
spaced bolts.
5.4.3 Spurling pipes through which anchor cables
are led are to be of suitable diameter and shall be
provided with permanently attached closing appliances
to minimize water ingress.
5.5 Adequate drainage facilities are to be provi-
ded.
C. Positional Mooring Equipment
1. General
1.1 All units, except self-elevating units and
submersible units, should be provided with positional
mooring equipment designed to maintain the floating
unit on station in all design conditions valid for its
intended area(s) of operation.
1.2 Units provided with positional mooring
equipment in accordance with 1.1 will be eligible to
the special optional Class Notation "EQUIPPED
WITH POSITION MOORING SYSTEM" added to
the Character of Classification in accordance with the
Rules, see Volume 1 – Rules for Classifications and
Surveys, Section 2.
1.3 Units provided with thrusters serving (also)
for position keeping will be eligible for the special
Notations DP1 to DP3, see 7.
C
2. Anchoring systems
2.1 Approval documents
2.1.1 Plans showing the arrangement and complete
details of the anchoring system, including anchors,
shackles, anchor line components, wires, together with
details of fairleads, windlasses, winches, controls and
instrumentation, as well as any other components of
the anchoring system and its foundations, are to be
submitted to BKI for approval.
2.1.2 An analysis of the anchoring arrangements
expected to be utilised during the unit’s operation is to
be submitted to BKI. Among items to be addressed
are:
− design environmental conditions: waves, wind,
currents, tides, and ranges of water depth
− anchor holding capacities for various sea-bed soil
conditions
− air and sea temperature
− ice conditions, if applicable
− description of analysis method
2.1.3 Plans showing the towing arrangement(s) and
equipment are to be submitted for information.
2.2 Design conditions, safety factors
2.2.1 Redundancy
The anchoring system should be designed such that a
sudden failure of any single anchor line will not cause
progressive failure of the remaining lines.
2.2.2 Loads
Anchoring system components should be designed
utilizing adequate safety factors and a design
methodology suitable to identify the most severe
loading condition for each component. In particular,
sufficient numbers of heading angles together with the
most severe combination of wind, current, and waves
are to be considered, usually from the same direction,
to determine the maximum tension in each mooring
line.
When a particular site is being considered, any
applicable cross sea conditions are also to be taken
into account in the event that they might induce
higher mooring loads.
2.2.3 Quasi static methods
When the Quasi static method is applied, the tension
in each anchor line is to be calculated at the maximum
excursion for each design condition defined in 2.2.4,
combining the following steady state and dynamic
responses of the unit:
a) Steady mean offset due to the defined wind,
current, and steady wave forces.
b) Most probable maximum wave induced motions of
the moored unit due to wave excitation.
 Section 8 – Mooring Equipment
For relatively deep water, the effect from damping and
inertia forces in the anchor lines is to be considered in
the analysis.
The effects of slowly varying motions are to be
included for column stabilized units when the
magnitudes of such motions are considered to be
significant.
2.2.4 When the Quasi Static Method outlined in
2.2.3 is applied, the minimum factors of safety at the
maximum excursion of the unit for a range of
headings should be considered according to Table 8.2
Table 8.2 Minimum factors of safety
Design condition Safety factor
Operating 2,7
Severe storm 1 1,8
Operating – one line failed 1,8
Severe storm – one line failed 1 1,25
1 see Volume 2, Section 3, C.: Extreme environ-
mental loads
PB
Safety factor =
Tmax
Tmax = characteristic tension in the anchor line, equal
to the maximum value obtained according to
2.2.2 and 2.2.3
PB = minimum rated breaking strength of the
anchor line
2.2.4.1 Operating
For the most severe design environmental condition
for normal operations as defined by the owner or
designer see Volume 2 – Rules for Structures, Sec-
tion 3, C.4.2.
2.2.4.2 Severe Storm
For the most severe design environmental condition
for severe storm as defined by the owner or designer
see Volume 2 – Rules for Structures, Section 3, C.4.3.
2.2.4.3 Operating - One Line Failed
Situation which follows a failure of any one mooring
line in the operating condition.
2.2.4.4 Severe Storm - One Line Failed
Situation which follows a failure of any one mooring
line in the severe storm condition.
2.2.5 Dynamic analysis
When a dynamic analysis is employed, other safety
factors may be considered to the satisfaction of BKI.
The defined operating and severe storm conditions are
to be the same as those identified for the design of the
C 8-7
unit, unless BKI is satisfied that lesser conditions may
be applicable to specific sites.
2.2.6 In general, the maximum wave induced mo-
tions of the moored unit about the steady mean offset
should be obtained by means of model tests. BKI may
accept analytical calculations provided that the pro-
posed method is based on a sound methodology which
has been validated by model tests.
Wind loads shall be determined according to the
principles shown in Volume 2 – Rules for Structures,
Section 1, B. and Section 2, B.2. The results of
wind tunnel tests, as well as other recognized
criteria, may be considered.
2.2.7 BKI may accept different analysis methodo-
logies provided that a level of safety equivalent to
the one obtained by 2.2.3 and 2.2.4 is ensured.
2.2.8 BKI may give special consideration to an
arrangement where the anchoring systems are used in
conjunction with thrusters to maintain the unit on
station, see 1.3 and 7.
3. Anchors
3.1 General
Type/design, materials, manufacture and testing of
anchors used for position mooring shall comply with
the BKI Rules mentioned under B.3., if Certification
by BKI is requested.
Anchors specially designed for position mooring are
normally not to be used for temporary mooring,
see B.3.5.
3.2 Testing
Anchors shall be subjected to load tests according to
the Rule requirements, in approved testing
installations. After application of the test load, it
shall be shown that the anchor is free of any defects/
deformations resulting from testing, and fully opera-
ble.
Test loads are shown in Table 8.3. For anchors with
increased holding capacity, the following test loads
have to be applied:
HHP anchors : A load corresponding to 1,33 x mass
of anchor.
VHHP anchors : A load corresponding to 2 x mass
of anchor.
3.3 Anchors are to be securely stowed on board
to prevent movement during transit/towage.
4. Anchor lines (mooring chain cables)
4.1 General requirements
4.1.1 BKI are to be ensured that the anchor lines are
of a type/composition that will satisfy the design con-
ditions of the anchoring system. In general anchor
8-8 Section 8 – Mooring Equipment C

cables may be of wire, rope, chain or any combination Table 8.3 Test loads for anchors 1
thereof. For wire ropes see B.4.8.
Mass Test load Mass Test load
4.1.2 Means are to be provided to enable the
[kg] [kN] [kg] [kN]
anchor lines to be released from the unit after loss
of main power. 2200 367 7800 861
2300 388 8000 877
2400 401 8200 892
4.1.3 Means are to be provided for measuring 414
2500 8400 908
anchor line tensions.
2600 427 8600 922
2700 438 8800 936
4.1.4 Anchor lines are to be of adequate length to
2800 450 9000 949
prevent up-lift of the anchors under the maximum 462
design load condition for the anticipated area(s) of 2900 9200 961
operation. 3000 474 9400 975
3100 484 9600 987
3200 495 9800 998
4.2 Offshore mooring chain cables - material 506
3300 10000 1010
requirements
3400 517 10500 1040
3500 528 11000 1070
4.2.1 General Requirements 537
3600 11500 1090
3700 547 12000 1110
4.2.1.1 Scope
3800 557 12500 1130
These Rules apply to the materials, design, 3900 567 13000 1160
manufacture and testing of offshore mooring chains 4000 577 13500 1180
and accessories intended to be used for applications 4100 586 14000 1210
such as: mooring of mobile offshore units, mooring of 595
floating production units, mooring of offshore loading 4200 14500 1230
4300 604 15000 1260
systems and mooring of gravity based structures 613
4400 15500 1270
during fabrication. 4500 622 16000 1300
Mooring equipment covered are common links, 4600 631 16500 1330
connection common links (splice links), enlarged 4700 638 17000 1360
links, end links, detachable connecting links 4800 645 17500 1390
(shackles), and shackles, swivels and swivel shackles. 4900 653 18000 1410
5000 661 18500 1440
4.2.1.2 Chain cable grades 5100 669 19000 1470
5200 677 19500 1490
Depending on the nominal tensile strength of the 5300 685 20000 1520
steels used for manufacture, chain cables are to be
subdivided into three grades, i.e.: KI-R3, KI-R3S, 5400 691 21000 1570
KI-R4. 5500 699 22000 1620
5600 706 23000 1670
5700 713 24000 1720
4.2.1.3 Approval of chain cable manufacturers
5800 721 25000 1770
4.2.1.3.1 Offshore mooring chain cables are to be 5900 728 26000 1800
manufactured only by works approved by BKI. For 6000 735 27000 1850
this purpose approval tests are to be carried out, the 6100 740 28000 1900
scope of which is to include proof and breaking load
6200 747 29000 1940
tests, measurements and mechanical tests including 754
6300 30000 1990
fracture mechanic tests. 6400 760 31000 1030
6500 767 32000 1070
4.2.1.3.2 Manufacturers are to submit for review and
approval the sequence of operations from receiving 6600 773 34000 2160
inspection to shipment, and details of the following 6700 779 36000 2250
manufacturing processes: 6800 786 38000 2330
6900 794 40000 2410
a) Bar heating and bending including method, 804
7000 42000 2490
temperature control and recording. 7200 818 44000 2570
b) Flash welding including current, force, time and 7400 832 46000 2650
dimensional variables as well as control and 7600 845 48000 2730
recording of parameters. 1 Intermediate values can be determined by linear interpolation

c) Flash removal including method and inspection.

 Section 8 – Mooring Equipment
d) Stud insertion method.
e) Heat treatment including furnace types, means of
specifying, controlling and recording of tem-
perature and chain speed and allowable limits,
quenching bath and agitation, cooling method after
exit.
f) Proof and break loading including method/
machine, means of horizontal support, if appli-
cable, method of measurement recording.
g) Non-destructive examination procedures.
4.2.1.3.3 Calibration of furnaces shall be verified by
measurement and recording of actual link temperature
(surface and internal).
4.2.1.4 Approval of quality system at chain cable
manufacturers
Chain cable manufacturers are to have a documented
and effective quality system approved by BKI, e.g.
according to ISO 9001.
4.2.1.5 Approval of steel mills for rolled bars
4.2.1.5.1Bar material intended for chain and
accessories are to be manufactured only by works
approved by BKI. The approval is limited to a
nominated supplier of bar material. If a chain cable
manufacturer wishes to use material from a number of
suppliers, separate approval tests shall be carried out
for each supplier.
Approval will be given only after successful testing of
the completed chain cable. The approval will normally
be limited to a thickness equal to that of the bars
tested.
4.2.1.5.2 The steel maker is to submit a specification
of the chemical composition of the bar material, which
shall be approved by BKI and by the chain cable
manufacturer.
For Grade KI-R4 chain cables the steel should con-
tain a minimum of 0,20 per cent molybdenum.
4.2.1.5.3 A heat treatment sensitivity study simulating
chain cable production conditions shall be applied in
order to verify mechanical properties and establish
limits for temperature and time combinations.
4.2.1.5.4 The bar manufacturer is to provide evidence
that the material is resistant to strain ageing, temper
embrittlement and hydrogen embrittlement.
4.2.1.6 Approval of forges and foundries for ac-
cessories
4.2.1.6.1 Forges and foundries intending to supply
finished or semi-finished accessories are to be
approved by BKI. The scope of approval is to be
agreed with BKI.
4.2.1.6.2 Manufacturers intending to supply acces-
sories in machined condition (e.g. Kenter-type
shackles) are to submit detailed drawings for approval.
C 8-9
4.2.2 Materials
4.2.2.1 Scope
These requirements apply to rolled steels, forgings and
castings used for the manufacture of offshore mooring
chain cables and accessories.
4.2.2.2 Rolled steel bars
4.2.2.2.1 Steel manufacture
The steels are to be manufactured by basic oxygen,
electric furnace or such other process as may be
specially approved. All steels are to be killed and fine
grain treated.
4.2.2.2.2 Chemical composition
For acceptance tests, the chemical composition of
ladle samples of each heat is to be determined by the
steel maker and is to comply with the approved
specification.
4.2.2.2.3 Mechanical tests
1. Bars of the same nominal diameter are to be
presented for test in batches of 50 tonnes or fraction
thereof from the same heat. Test specimens are to be
taken from material heat treated in the same manner as
intended for the finished chain.
2. Each heat of Grade KI-R3S and KI-R4 steel
bars is to be tested for hydrogen embrittlement. In
case of continuous casting, test samples representing
the beginning and the end of the charge shall be taken.
In case of ingot casting, test samples representing two
different ingots shall be taken.
Two (2) tensile test specimens shall be taken from the
central region of bar material which have been
simulated heat treated. The specimens shall preferably
have a diameter of 20 mm, alternatively 14 mm. One
specimen is to be tested within max. 3 hours after
machining. For a 14 mm diameter specimen, the time
limit is 1,5 hours. Alternatively, the specimen may be
cooled to – 60 °C immediately after machining and
kept at that temperature for a period of max. 5 days.
The other specimen is to be tested after baking at
250°C for 4 hours, alternatively 2 hours for 14 mm
diameter specimen.
A slow strain ≤ 0,0003 s-1 shall be used during the
entire test, until fracture occurs. This means
approx.10 minutes for a 20 mm diameter specimen.
Tensile strength, elongation and reduction of area are
to be reported. The requirement for the test is:
Z1
≥ 0, 85
Z2
Z1 = reduction of area without baking
Z2 = reduction of area after baking
8-10 Section 8 – Mooring Equipment C

If the requirement Z1 / Z2 ≥ 0,85 is not met, the bar
material may be subjected to a hydrogen degassing
treatment after agreement with BKI. New tests shall
be performed after degassing.
3. For all grades, one tensile and three Charpy
V-notch specimens are to be taken from each sample
selected. The test specimens are to be taken at
approximately one-third radius below the surface, as
shown in Fig. 8.1.
The results of all tests are to be in accordance with the
appropriate requirements of Table 8.4.
4. If the tensile test requirements are not
achieved, a retest of two further specimens selected
from the same sample shall be permissible. Failure to
meet the specified requirements of either or both of
the additional tests will result in rejection of the batch
represented, unless it can be clearly attributed to
improper simulated heat treatment.
The frequency of non-destructive examinations may
be reduced at the discretion of BKI provided it is
verified by statistical means that the required quality is
consistently achieved.
4.2.2.2.6 Marking
Each bar is to be stamped with the steel grade
designation and the charge number (or a code
indicating the charge number) on one of the end
surfaces. Other marking methods may be accepted
subject to agreement.
4.2.2.3 Forged steels
4.2.2.3.1 Forged steels used for the manufacture of
accessories shall be in compliance with specifications
submitted and approved.

4.2.2.2.4 Dimensional tolerances

The diameter and roundness shall be within the
tolerances specified in Table 8.5, unless otherwise
agreed.

4.2.2.2.5 Non-destructive examination and repair

The bars shall be free from pipe, cracks and flakes.
Bar material is to be subjected to ultrasonic examina-
tion at an appropriate stage of the manufacture.
One hundred percent of the bar material is to be exam-
ined by magnetic particle or eddy current methods.
The bars shall be free of injurious surface imperfec-
tions such as seams, laps and rolled-in mill scale.
Provided that their depth is not greater than 1 % of the
bar diameter, longitudinal discontinuities may be Fig. 8.1 Location of test specimens
removed by grinding and blending to a smooth
contour.

Table 8.4 Mechanical properties of offshore mooring chain cables

Charpy V-notch impact tests

Tensile Elongation Reduction Average
Yield stress Test Average
strength A5 of area 3 energy flash
Grade temperature energy
weld
[N/mm2] [N/mm2] [%] [%] [J] [J]
[°C] 2
minimum Minimum minimum minimum minimum minimum
0 60 50
KI-R3 410 690 17 50
- 20 40 30
0 65 53
KI-R3S 490 770 15 50
- 20 45 33
KI-R4 580 860 12 50 - 20 50 36
1 Aim value of yield to tensile ratio: 0,92 max
2 At the option of Society the impact test of Grade KI-R3 and KI-R3S may be carried out at either 0 °C or minus 20 °C.
3 Reduction of area of cast steel is to be:
− for grades R3 and R3S: min. 40 %
− for grades R4: min 35 % - cf. item 4.2.2.3.4
 Section 8 – Mooring Equipment C 8-11

Table 8.5 Dimensional tolerances of bar stock 4.2.2.4.4 Mechanical properties

material
The castings shall comply with the mechanical
properties given in Table 8.4.
Nominal Tolerance on Tolerance on
diameter diameter roundness 4.2.2.4.5 Mechanical tests
(dmax - dmin) For test sampling, castings of similar dimensions
[mm] [mm] [mm] originating from the same heat treatment charge and
below 25 -0 + 1,0 0,60 the same heat of steel are to be combined into one test
unit. From each test unit one tensile and three impact
25 – 35 -0 + 1,2 0,80 test specimens are to be taken and tested. For the
36 – 50 -0 + 1,6 1,10 location of the test specimens see Fig. 8.1.
51 – 80 -0 + 2,0 1,50 4.2.2.4.6 Ultrasonic examination
81 – 100 -0 + 2,0 1,95 The castings are to be subjected to ultrasonic examina-
101 – 120 -0 + 3,0 2,25 tion in compliance with the standard submitted and
approved.
121 – 160 -0 + 4,0 3,00
4.2.2.4.7 Marking
4.2.2.3.2 Chemical composition 4.2.2.3.7 applies.
4.2.2.2.2 applies. 4.2.2.5 Materials for studs
The studs are to be made of steel corresponding to that
4.2.2.3.3 Heat treatment
of the chain or in compliance with specifications
Finished forgings are to be properly heat treated in submitted and approved. In general, the carbon content
compliance with specifications submitted and should not exceed 0,25 per cent if the studs are to be
approved. welded in place.

4.2.2.3.4 Mechanical properties 4.2.3 Design and chain cable manufacture

The forgings shall comply with the mechanical
properties given in Table 8.4, when properly heat
treated.
4.2.2.3.5 Mechanical tests
For test sampling, forgings of similar dimensions, that
means that diameters do not differ by more than
25 mm, originating from the same heat treatment
charge and the same heat of steel are to be combined
into one test unit. From each test unit one tensile and
three impact test specimens are to be taken and tested.
For the location of the test specimens see Fig. 8.1.
4.2.2.3.6 Ultrasonic examination
The forgings are to be subjected to ultrasonic exami-
nation at an appropriate stage of manufacture and in
compliance with the standard submitted and approved.
4.2.2.3.7 Marking
Marking is to be similar to that specified in 4.2.2.2.6.
4.2.2.4 Cast steels
4.2.2.4.1 Cast steels used for the manufacture of
accessories shall be in compliance with specifications
submitted and approved.
4.2.2.4.2 Chemical composition
4.2.2.2.2 applies.
4.2.2.4.3 Heat treatment
All castings are to be properly heat treated in compli-
ance with specifications submitted and approved.
4.2.3.1 Design
Drawings giving detailed design of chain cables and
accessories made by or supplied through the chain
cable manufacturer are to be submitted for approval.
Typical designs are given in ISO 1704: 1991.
In addition, drawings showing the detailed design of
the stud shall be submitted for information. The stud
shall give an impression in the chain link which is
sufficiently deep to secure the position of the stud, but
the combined effect of shape and depth of the impres-
sion shall not cause any harmful notch effect or stress
concentration in the chain link.
Machining of Kenter shackles shall result in fillet
radius min. 3 % of nominal diameter.
4.2.3.2 Manufacturing process
Offshore mooring chain cables shall be manufactured
in continuous lengths by flash butt welding and are to
be heat treated in a continuous furnace; batch heat
treatment is not permitted.
The use of joining shackles to replace defective links
is subject to the written approval of the end purchaser
in terms of the number and type permitted. The use of
connecting common links is restricted to 3 links in
each 100 m of chain cable.
4.2.3.3 Manufacturing process records
4.2.3.3.1 Documentation
Records of bar heating, flash welding and heat
treatment shall be made available for inspection by the
Surveyor.
8-12 Section 8 – Mooring Equipment C

4.2.3.3.2 Bar heating 4.2.3.3.4 Heat treatment

For electric resistance heating, the heating phase shall
be controlled by an optical heat sensor. The controller
shall be checked at least once every 8 hours and
records made.
For furnace heating, the temperature shall be
controlled and continuously recorded using thermo-
couples in close proximity to the bars. The controls
shall be checked at least one every 8 hours and
records made.
4.2.3.3.3 Flash welding
The following welding parameters shall be controlled
during welding of each link:
a) Platen motion.
b) Current as a function of time.
c) Hydraulic pressure.
The controls shall be checked at least every 4 hours
and records made.
Chain cables shall be austenitized above the upper
transformation temperature, at a combination of
temperature and time within the limits established.
When applicable, chain cables shall be tempered at
a combination of temperature and time within the
limits established.
Temperature and time or temperature and chain speed
shall be controlled and continuously recorded.
4.2.3.4 Mechanical properties
The mechanical properties of finished chain cables
and accessories are to be in accordance with Table 8.4.
For the location of test specimens see Figs. 8.1
and 8.2.
4.2.3.5 Proof and break load tests
Chain cables and accessories are to withstand the
proof and breaking load tests given in Table 8.6.

Fig. 8.2 Location of test specimens

Table 8.6 Formulas for proof and breaking load tests, weight and length over 5 links

Grade KI-R3 Grade KI-R3S Grade KI-R4

Proof test load [kN] 0,0148 d2 (44-0,08d) 0,0180 d2 (44-0,08d) 0,0216 d2 (44-0,08d)
Break test load [kN] 0,0223 d2 (44-0,08d) 0,0249 d2 (44-0,08d) 0,0274 d2 (44-0,08d)
Chain weight [kg/m] 0,0219 d2
Length over 5 links
Min. [mm] 22 d
Max. [mm] 22,55 d
 Section 8 – Mooring Equipment C 8-13

4.2.3.6 Freedom from defects 4.2.3.8.3 The stud ends shall have a good fit inside
the link and the weld is to be confined to the stud end
All chain cables are to have a workmanship like finish opposite to the flash butt weld. The full periphery of
consistent with the method of manufacture and be free the stud end is to be welded unless otherwise
from defects. Each link is to be examined in accor- approved.
dance with 4.2.4.5 using approved procedures.
4.2.3.8.4 Welding of studs at both ends is not
4.2.3.7 Dimensions and dimensional tolerances permitted unless specially approved.
4.2.3.7.1 The shape and proportion of links and
accessories shall conform to ISO 1704: 1991 or to the
designs specially approved.
4.2.3.7.2 The following tolerances are applicable to
links:
a) Nominal diameter measured at the crown:
up to 40 mm nominal diameter : – 1 mm
over 40 up to 84 mm nominal diameter : – 2 mm
over 84 up to 122 mm nominal diameter: – 3 mm
over 122 mm nominal diameter : – 4 mm
The plus tolerance may be up to 5 % of the nominal
diameter. The cross sectional area at the crown shall
have no negative tolerance.
b) Diameters measured at locations other than the
crown: The diameter is to have no negative
tolerance. The plus tolerance may be up to 5 % of
the nominal diameter. The approved manufacturer Fig. 8.3 Tolerances for stud position
specification is applicable to the plus tolerance of
the flash butt weld.
4.2.3.8.5 The welds are to be made by qualified
c) The allowable manufacturing tolerance on a length welders using an approved procedure and low-
of five links is + 2,5 %, but may not be negative. hydrogen approved consumables.
d) All other dimensions are subject to a manufactur-
ing tolerance of ± 2,5 %, provided always that all 4.2.3.8.6 The size of the fillet weld shall as a mini-
parts fit together properly. mum be as per API specification 2F.
e) Studs shall be located in the links centrally and at 4.2.3.8.7 The welds are to be of good quality and free
right angles to the sides of the link. The following from defects such as cracks, lack of fusion, gross
tolerances are acceptable provided that the stud fits porosity and undercuts exceeding 1 mm.
snugly and its ends lie flush against the inside of
the link: 4.2.3.8.8 All stud welds shall be visually examined.
Maximum off-centre distance "X" is 10 % of the At least 10 per cent of all stud welds within each
nominal diameter, Maximum deviation a" from the length of chain shall be examined by dye penetrant or
90°- position is 4°. magnetic particle after proof load testing. If cracks or
lack of fusion are found, all stud welds in that length
The tolerances are to be measured in accordance with are to be examined.
Fig. 8.3.
4.2.3.9 Connecting common links
4.2.3.7.3 The following tolerances are applicable to
accessories: 4.2.3.9.1 Single links to substitute for test links or
a) Nominal diameter : + 5,0 %, – 0 % defective links without the necessity for re-heat
b) Other diameters : ± 2,5 % treatment of the whole length are to be made in
accordance with an approved procedure. Separate
4.2.3.8 Welding of studs approvals are required for each grade of chain cables
and the tests are to be made on the maximum size of
4.2.3.8.1 A welded stud may be accepted for grade chain cables for which approval is sought.
KI-R3 and KI-R3S chains. Welding of studs in grade
KI-R4 chains is not permitted unless specially 4.2.3.9.2 Manufacture and heat treatment of connect-
approved. ing common links is not to affect the properties of the
adjoining links. The temperature reached by these
4.2.3.8.2 Where studs are welded into the links this is links is nowhere to exceed 80 % of the tempering
to be completed before the chain is heat treated. temperature.
8-14 Section 8 – Mooring Equipment C

4.2.3.9.3 Each link is to be subjected to the appropri-
ate proof load and non-destructive examination as
detailed in Table 8.6 and 4.2.4.5. A second link shall
be made identical to the connecting common link; the
link shall be tested and inspected according to 4.2.4.4.
and 4.2.4.5.
4.2.3.9.4 Each connecting common link is to be
marked on the stud in accordance with 4.2.4.7 plus an
unique number for the link. The adjoining links are
also to be marked on the studs.
4.2.4.3.2 The entire chain cable is to be checked for
the length, five links at a time. By the five link check
the first five links shall be measured. From the next set
of five links, at least two links from the previous five
links set shall be included. This procedure is to be
followed for the entire chain cable length. The
measurements are to be taken preferably while the
chain cable is loaded to 5 – 10 % of the minimum
proof load. The links held in the end blocks may be
excluded from this measurement.

Table 8.7 Frequency of breaking load and

4.2.4 Testing and inspection of finished chain
mechanical tests
cables

4.2.4.1 General Nominal chain Maximum sampling

diameter [mm] interval
[m]
All chain cables are to be subjected to proof load tests,
breaking load tests and mechanical tests after final Min – 48 91
heat treatment in the presence of the BKI Surveyor. 49 – 60 110
Where the manufacturer has a procedure to record
61 – 73 131
proof loads and the Surveyor is satisfied with the
adequacy of the recording system, he needs not 74 – 85 152
witness all proof load tests. The Surveyor is to satisfy 86 – 98 175
himself that the testing machines are calibrated and
99 – 111 198
maintained in a satisfactory condition.
112 – 124 222
Prior to test and inspection the chain cable is to be free
from scale, paint or other coating. The chain cable
shall be sand or shot blasted to meet this requirement.
4.2.4.4 Mechanical tests
4.2.4.2 Proof and breaking load tests
Links of samples detached from finished, heat treated
4.2.4.2.1 The entire length of chain cable shall with- chain shall be sectioned for determination of
stand the proof load specified in Table 8.6 without mechanical properties. A test unit shall consist of one
fracture and shall not crack in the flash weld. The load tensile and nine impact specimens. The tensile
applied shall not exceed the proof load by more than specimen shall be taken at the side opposite the flash
10 % when stretching the chain cable. Where plastic weld. Three impact specimens shall be taken across
straining is used to set studs, the applied load is not to the flash weld with the notch centred in the middle.
be greater than that qualified in approval tests. Three impact specimens shall be taken across the un-
welded side and three impact specimens shall be taken
4.2.4.2.2 A breaking load test specimen consisting of from the bend region.
at least 3 links is to be either taken from the chain or
produced at the same time and in the same manner as The test frequency is to be based on tests at sampling
the chain. The test frequency is to be based on tests at intervals according to Table 8.7 provided that every
sampling intervals according to Table 8.7 provided cast is represented. Mechanical properties shall be as
that every cast is represented. Each specimen shall be specified in Table 8.4.
capable of withstanding the break load specified with-
out fracture and shall not crack in the flash weld. It The frequency of impact testing in the bend may be
shall be considered acceptable if the specimen is reduced at the discretion of BKI provided it is verified
loaded to the specified value and maintained at that by statistical means that the required toughness is
load for 30 seconds. consistently achieved.

If the loading capacity of the testing machine is 4.2.4.5 Non-destructive examination

insufficient, another equivalent method shall be
agreed with BKI.
4.2.4.3 Dimensions and dimensional tolerances
4.2.4.3.1 After proof load testing measurements are to
be taken on at least 5 per cent of the links in
accordance with 4.2.3.7.
4.2.4.5.1 After proof load testing, all surfaces of
every link shall be visually examined. Burrs, irre-
gularities and rough edges shall be contour
ground. Links shall be free from mill defects, surface
cracks, dents and cuts, especially in the vicinity where
gripped by clamping dies during flash welding. Studs
shall be securely fastened.
 Section 8 – Mooring Equipment
4.2.4.5.2 Magnetic particle procedures shall be
employed to examine the flash welded area including
the area gripped by the clamping dies. Procedures
and equipment in accordance with those approved
shall be used. The frequency of examination shall
be every link. Link surface at the flash weld shall be
free from cracks, lack of fusion and gross porosity.
4.2.4.5.3 Ultrasonic procedures shall be employed to
examine the flash weld fusion. Procedures and
equipment in accordance with those approved shall be
used. On-site calibration standards for chain cable
configurations shall be approved.
The frequency of examination shall be every link.
The flash weld shall be free from defects causing
ultrasonic back reflections equal to or greater than the
calibration standard.
4.2.4.6 Retest, rejection and repair criteria
4.2.4.6.1 If the length over 5 links is short, the chain
cable may be stretched by loading above the proof test
load specified provided that the applied load is not
greater than that approved and that only random
lengths of the chain cable need stretching.
If the length exceeds the specified tolerance, the over
length chain cable links shall be cut out and 4.2.4.6.2
shall apply.
4.2.4.6.2 If single links are found to be defective or
do not meet other applicable requirements, defective
links may be cut out and a connecting common link
inserted in their place. The individual heat treatment
and inspection procedure of connecting common links
is subjected to the BKI Surveyor’s approval.
Other methods for repair are subject to the written
approval of BKI and the end purchaser.
4.2.4.6.3 If a crack, cut or defect in the flash weld is
found by visual or magnetic particle examination, it
shall be ground down no more than 5 % of the link
diameter in depth and streamlined to provide smooth
contours. The final dimensions shall still conform to
the agreed standard.
4.2.4.6.4 If indications of interior flash weld defects
in reference to the accepted calibration standards are
detected during ultrasonic examination, 4.2.4.6.2 shall
apply.
4.2.4.6.5 If link diameter, length, width and stud
alignment do not conform to the required dimensions,
these shall be compared to the dimensions of 40 more
links, 20 on each side of the affected links. If a single
particular dimension fails to meet the required dimen-
sional tolerance in more than 2 of the sample links, all
links shall be examined, 4.2.4.6.2 shall apply.
4.2.4.6.6 If a breaking load test fails a thorough
examination, with the Surveyor informed in a timely
manner, is to be carried out to identify the cause of
failure. Two additional breaking test specimens
representing the same sampling length of chain cable
C 8-15
are to be subjected to the breaking load test. Based
upon satisfactory results of the additional tests and the
results of the failure investigation, it will be
decided what lengths of chain cable can be accepted.
Failure of either or both of the additional tests will
result in-rejection of the sampling length of chain
represented, and 4.2.4.6.2 shall apply.
4.2.4.6.7 If a link fails during proof load testing,
a thorough examination, with the Surveyor informed
in a timely manner, is to be carried out to identify the
probable cause of failure of the proof load test. In the
event that two or more links in the proof loaded length
fail, that length is to be rejected.
The above failure investigation is to be carried out,
especially with regard to the presence in other lengths,
of factors or conditions thought to be causal to failure.
In addition to the above failure investigation,
a breaking load test specimen is to be taken from each
side of the one failed link, and subjected to the
breaking load test. Based upon satisfactory results of
both breaking load tests and the results of the failure
investigation, it will be decided what length of chain
can be considered for acceptance. Failure of either or
both of the breaking load tests will result in
rejection of the proof loaded length.
Replacement of defective links is to be in accordance
with 4.2.4.6.2.
4.2.4.6.8 If the tensile test fails to meet the requi-
rements, a retest of two further specimens selected
from the same sample shall be permissible. Failure to
meet the specified requirements of either or both
of the additional tests will result in rejection of the
sampling length of chain cable represented, and
4.2.4.6.2 shall apply.
4.2.4.6.9 If the impact test requirements are not
achieved, a retest of three further specimens selected
from the same sample shall be permissible. The results
shall be added to those previously obtained to form
a new average. The new average shall comply with the
requirements. Not more than two individual results are
to be lower than the required average and not more
than one result is to be below 70 per cent of the
specified average value.
Failure to meet the requirements will result in
rejection of the sampling length represented, and
4.2.4.6.2 shall apply.
4.2.4.7 Marking
4.2.4.7.1 The chain cable shall be marked at the
following places:
− at each end
− at intervals not exceeding 100 m
− on links next to shackles or connecting common
links
All marked links shall be stated on the Certificate, and
the marking shall make it possible to recognize lead-
8-16 Section 8 – Mooring Equipment
ing and tail end of the chain. In addition to the above
required marking, the first and last common link of
each individual charge used in the continuous length
shall be adequately and traceably marked.
The marking shall be permanent and legible through-
out the expected lifetime of the chain.
The chain cable shall be marked on the link as
follows, compare Fig. 8.4:
− chain cable grade
− Test Certificate No.
− KI Hard Stamp
− month and year of test
The Certificate number may be exchanged against an
abbreviation or equivalent. If so, this shall be stated in
the Certificate.
The chain cable Certificate shall contain information
on number and location of connecting common links.
The Certificate number and replacement link number
may be exchanged against an abbreviation or
equivalent. If so, this shall be stated in the Certificate.
KI Hard Stamp
Fig. 8.4 Stamping of chain cables
4.2.4.8 Documentation
A complete Chain Cable Inspection and Testing
Report in booklet form shall be provided by the chain
cable manufacturer for each continuous chain cable
length. This booklet shall include all dimensional
checks, test and inspection reports, NDT reports,
process records, photographs as well as details of any
non-conformity, corrective action and repair work.
Individual Certificates are to be issued for each
continuous single length of chain cable.
All accompanying documents, appendices and reports
shall carry reference to the original Certificate
number.
The manufacturer will be responsible for storing, in
a safe and retrievable manner, all documentation
established for a period of at least 10 years.
C
4.2.5 Testing and Inspection of Accessories
4.2.5.1 General
All accessories are to be subjected to proof load tests,
breaking load tests and mechanical tests after final
heat treatment in the presence of a Surveyor. Where
the manufacturer has a procedure to record proof loads
and the Surveyor is satisfied with the adequacy of the
recording system, he need not witness all proof load
tests. The Surveyor is to satisfy himself that the testing
machines are calibrated and maintained in a satis-
factory condition.
Prior to test and inspection the chain cable accessories
are to be free from scale, paint or other coating.
4.2.5.2 Proof and breaking load tests
4.2.5.2.1 All accessories are to be subjected to the
proof load specified for the corresponding chain.
4.2.5.2.2 Chain cable accessories are to be tested to
the breaking test loads prescribed for the grade and
size of chain cable for which they are intended. At
least one accessory out of every batch or every
25 accessories, whichever is less, is to be tested.
For individually produced accessories or accessories
produced in small batches, alternative testing will be
subject to special consideration. Accessories which
have been subjected to a breaking load test are to be
scrapped.
4.2.5.3 Dimensions and dimensional tolerances
At least one accessory (of the same type, size and
nominal strength) out of 25 is to be checked for
dimensions after proof load testing. The manufacturer
is to provide a statement indicating compliance with
the purchaser’s requirements.
4.2.5.4 Mechanical tests
Accessories are to be subjected to mechanical testing
as described in 4.2.2.3 and 4.2.2.4. For individually
produced accessories or accessories produced in small
batches, alternative testing will be subjected to special
consideration.
4.2.5.5 Non-destructive examination
After proof load testing all chain cable accessories are
to be subjected to a close visual examination. Special
attention is to be paid to machined surfaces and high
stress regions. All non-machined surfaces are to be
sand or shot blasted to permit a thorough examination.
All accessories are to be checked by magnetic particle
or dye penetration methods.
The manufacturer is to provide a statement that non-
destructive examination has been carried out with
satisfactory results. This statement should include a
brief reference to the techniques and to the operator’s
qualification.
 Section 8 – Mooring Equipment
4.2.5.6 Test failures
In the event of a failure of any test the entire batch
represented is to be rejected unless the cause of failure
has been determined and it can be demonstrated to the
Surveyor’s satisfaction that the condition causing the
failure is not present in any of the remaining
accessories.
4.2.5.7 Marking
Each accessory is to be marked as follows:
− chain cable grade
− Test Certificate No.
− KI Hard Stamp
− month and year of test
All detachable component parts shall be stamped with
a serial number to avoid mixing of components. The
Certificate number may be exchanged against an
abbreviation or equivalent. If so, this shall be stated
in the Certificate.
4.2.5.8 Documentation
A complete Inspection and Testing Report in booklet
form shall be provided by the manufacturer for each
order. This booklet shall include all dimensional
checks, test and inspection reports, NDT reports,
process records as well as any non-conformity,
corrective action and repair work.
Each type of accessory shall be covered by separate
Certificates.
All accompanying documents, appendices and reports
shall carry reference to the original Certificate
number.
The manufacturer will be responsible for storing, in
a safe and retrievable manner, all documentation
established for a period of at least 10 years.
C 8-17
5. Winch system
5.1 Winches
The requirements for mooring winches including their
controls are defined in Volume 4 – Rules for Machi-
nery Installations, Section 8, C.
5.2 Fairleads and sheaves
Fairleads and sheaves shall be designed to prevent
excessive bending and wear of the anchor lines. The
attachments to the hull or structure are to be such as to
comply with the requirements of B.1.5.
6. Quality control
Details of the quality control of the manufacturing
process of individual anchoring system components
are to be submitted. Components shall be designed,
manufactured, and tested in accordance with
recognized standards and, if included in the Classifi-
cation procedure according to 1.2, also in accor-
dance with Rules. Equipment so tested shall, insofar
as practical, be legibly and permanently marked with
KI Hard Stamp and delivered with documentation
which records the results of the tests. Concerning
details on chain cables see 4.2.
7. Dynamic positioning systems
Thrusters used as a sole means of position keeping
shall provide a level of safety equivalent to that
provided for anchoring arrangements, to the satis-
faction of BKI, see also Volume 4, Section 6, E. and
Volume 5 – Rules for Electrical Instalations, Sec-
tion 12, E.
The Class Notations DP1 to DP3 will be assigned if
the offshore unit is equipped with such a system,
compare Volume 1 – Rules for Classification and
Surveys, Section 2.
Further details are defined in the Rules for Dynamic
Positioning Systems.
 Section 9 – Life-Saving Appliances A, B 9-1

Section 9
Life-Saving Appliances

A. General − IMO: 1974 SOLAS Convention, Resolution 6(48),

Chapter III
1. Scope

1.1 Life-saving appliances shall comply with the 2.2 BKI additional Rules
relevant applicable International Regulations accor-
ding to 2.1 and/or National Regulations and shall be − Regulations for Lifeboats and Rescue Boats
suitable for the type and use of the mobile offshore
unit. − Regulations for Live-Saving Launching Appli-
ances
1.2 The design and testing of lifeboats,
life-rafts and rescue boats with their launching
appliances is in general not within the scope of
Classification of mobile offshore units by BKI.
However, their arrangement in the overall design of 3. Emergency warnings and instructions
the unit and the structure in way of launching
appliances taking into account the forces from above 3.1 Alarm signals
appliances are always part of Classification.
For alarm and pubic address system see Volume 5 –
Rules for Electrical Installations, Section 9.
1.3 On special request lifeboats and rescue boats
and their launching appliances may be approved by
BKI on the basis of the BKI Rules defined in 2.2. 3.2 Operating instructions
Illustrations and instructions shall be provided on or in
1.4 For the requirements for life-jackets, the vicinity of lifeboats and liferafts and their
immersion suits, lifebuoys, radio life-saving appli- launching controls and shall:
ances, distress flares and line-throwing appliances, etc.
see B.1.5. These requirements have to follow the − illustrate the purpose of controls and the
regulations defined in 2.1. procedures for operating the appliance and give
relevant instructions or warnings
2. Rules and regulations − be easily readable under emergency lighting
conditions
2.1 International Regulations
− use symbols in accordance with the recommen-
− International Maritime Organisation (IMO): dations of SOLAS, MODU Code, National
International Convention for the Safety of Regulations, etc.
Life at Sea (SOLAS), Chapter III - Life-Saving
Appliances and Arrangements

− IMO : International Life-Saving Appliance B. Life-Saving Appliances

Code (LSA Code), Resolution MSC.48(66)

− IMO : Testing and Evaluation of Life-Saving 1. Type and equipment

Appliances, Resolution MSC.81(70), as amended
by MSC.200(80)
− IMO : Code for the Construction and Equip-
ment of Mobile Offshore Drilling Units (MODU
Code), Chapter 10
− IMO : Code of Safety for Special Purpose Ships,
Resolution A.534(13), Chapter 8
1.1 Life-saving appliances shall be suitable for
the type and use of the mobile offshore unit.
1.2 The lifeboats shall meet the requirements of
the LSA Code, Chapter IV and the Testing
Regulations defined in A.2.1 and shall be of the
following type:
9-2 Section 9 – Life-Saving Appliances
− totally enclosed lifeboats launched by falls with
fire protection and self-contained air support sys-
tem considering LSA Code § 4.6, 4.8 and 4.9, or
− free-fall lifeboats with fire protection and self-
contained air support system considering LSA
Code § 4.7 to 4.9
− if the unit is considered as “special purpose ship”,
the reduced requirements according to IMO
Resolution A.534 (13), Chapter 8 may be applied,
compare A.2.1.
1.3 The liferafts shall meet the requirements for
davit-launched liferafts of the LSA Code, Chapter IV
and the Testing Regulations defined in A.2.1.
1.4 Lifeboats and liferafts shall be fully equipped
as required by the LSA Code, Chapter IV defined in
A.2.1. However, for operation in restricted areas items
may be dispensed by the Administration of the state of
flag or location.
1.5 Personal life-saving appliances shall meet the
requirements of the LSA Code, Chapter II, of the
relevant Administration and of BKI considering
climatic conditions.
2. Number and size
The number and size of life- saving appliances has to
be defined according to the regulations mentioned in
A.2.1.
If not stated otherwise by the responsible Administra-
tion, each manned unit should be provided with at
least the lifeboats and liferafts listed in the following:
2.1 Mobile surface units
2.1.1 Each unit shall carry on each side, one or
more lifeboats of such aggregate capacity as will
accommodate the total number of persons on board.
2.1.2 In addition, a liferaft or liferafts shall be
carried, capable of being launched on either side of
a unit and of such aggregate capacity as will
accommodate the total number of persons on board. If
the liferaft or liferafts cannot be readily transferred for
launching on either side of a unit, the total capacity
available on each side should be sufficient to
accommodate the total number of persons on board.
2.1.3 If lifeboats and liferafts are stowed in a
position which is more than 100 m from the stem or
stern, in addition to the liferafts as provided in 2.1.2, a
liferaft shall be stowed as far forward or aft, or one as
far forward and another as far as aft, as is reasonable
and practicable. Notwithstanding C.3.3 such liferaft or
liferafts may be securely fastened so as to permit
manual release.
C
2.2 Self-elevating and column-stabilized units
2.2.1 Each unit shall carry lifeboats, installed in at
least two widely separated locations on different sides
or ends of the unit. The arrangement of lifeboats
should provide sufficient capacity to accommodate the
total number of persons on board if:
− all the lifeboats in any one location are lost or
rendered unusable, or
− all the lifeboats on any one side, any end or any
one corner of the unit are lost or rendered unusable
2.2.2 In addition liferafts shall be carried of such
aggregate capacity as will accommodate the total
number of persons on board.
2.2.3 In the case of a self-elevating unit where, due
to its size or configuration, lifeboats cannot be located
in widely separated locations to satisfy 2.2.1 the
Administration of the state of location or flag may
permit the aggregate capacity of the lifeboats to
accommodate only the total number of persons on
board. However, the liferafts should be served by
launching appliances.
C. Arrangement of Lifeboats and Liferafts
1. Muster and embarkation arrangements
1.1 If separate, muster stations shall be provided
close to the embarkation stations. Each muster station
shall have sufficient space to accommodate all persons
assigned to muster at that station.
1.2 Muster and embarkation stations shall be
readily accessible from accommodation and work
areas.
1.3 Muster and embarkation stations shall be
adequately illuminated by emergency lighting.
1.4 Alleyways, stairways and exits giving access
to the muster and embarkation stations shall be
adequately illuminated by emergency lighting.
1.5 Davit-launched survival craft muster and
embarkation stations shall be so arranged as to enable
stretcher cases to be placed in survival craft.
1.6 Survival craft embarkation arrangements
shall be so designed that:
− lifeboats can be boarded by their full complement
of persons within 3 minutes from the time the
instruction to board is given
− lifeboats can be boarded and launched directly
from the stowed position
 Section 9 – Life-Saving Appliances
− davit-launched liferafts can be boarded and
launched from a position immediately adjacent to
the stowed position or from a position to which the
liferaft is transferred prior to launching in
compliance with 3.3
− where necessary, means shall be provided for
bringing the davit-launched liferaft to
structure/hull side and holding it alongside so that
persons can be safely embarked
2. Stowage
2.1 Each lifeboat and liferaft shall be stowed:
− so that neither they nor their stowage arrange-
ments will interfere with the operation of any other
lifeboat or liferaft or rescue boat at any other
launching station
− as near the water surface as is safe and practicable
− in a state of continuous readiness so that two crew
members can carry out preparations for embarka-
tion and launching in less than 5 minutes
− as far as practicable, in a secure and sheltered
position and protected from damage by fire and
explosion
2.2 Lifeboats shall be stowed
− that they are protected from damage by heavy seas
− attached to launching appliances
2.3 Liferafts shall be stowed:
− as to permit manual release from their securing
arrangements
− within reach of the lifting hooks, if liferafts are
davit-launched; unless some means of transfer is
provided which is not rendered inoperable within
the limits of trim and list prescribed in Section 7
for any damaged condition or by motion or power
failure
− every liferaft, other than those in B.2.1.3, shall be
stowed with the weak link of its painter
permanently attached and with a float free
arrangement complying with the requirements of
the regulations defined in A.2. so that the liferaft
floats free and, if inflatable, inflates automatically
when the unit sinks.
3. Launching and recovery arrangements
3.1 Launching appliances shall be provided for
all lifeboats and davit-launched liferafts. They shall
meet the requirements defined in Rules and Regu-
lation defined in A.2.
C 9-3
3.2 Launching stations shall be in such positions
as to ensure safe launching having particular regard to
clearance from any exposed propeller, if applicable.
Launching stations shall not be located near or even
above working stations which would hinder the
launching at certain working conditions. The exact
position shall be agreed with the Administration and
BKI.
3.3 Preparation and handling of survival craft at
any one launching station shall not interfere with the
prompt preparation and handling of any other survival
craft or rescue boat at any other station.
3.4 As far as possible, launching stations shall be
located so that lifeboats and liferafts can be launched
down a straight side of the structure/shell, except for:
− lifeboats and liferafts specially designed for free-
fall launching
− lifeboats and liferafts mounted on structures
intended to provide clearance from lower structures
3.5 Means shall be available to prevent any
discharge of fluids on to lifeboats or liferafts during
abandonment.
3.6 During preparation and launching, lifeboats
and liferafts, its launching appliance and the area in
the water into which they are to be launched shall be
adequately illuminated by emergency lighting.
3.7 Launching and recovery arrangements shall
be such that the appliance operator on the unit is able
to observe the survival craft at all times during
launching and lifeboats during recovery.
3.8 Falls, where used, shall be long enough for
the survival craft to reach the water with the unit
under un-favourable conditions, such as maximum
air gap, lightest transit or operational condition or any
damaged condition as described in Section 7. Only
one type of release mechanism shall be used for
similar survival craft on board and the opening of
the mechanism shall be possible under load from
inside the boat.
3.9 In any case of damage defined in the previous
Sections, lifeboats with an aggregate capacity of not
less than 100 % of persons on board shall, in addition
to meeting all other requirements of launching and
stowage defined in this Section, be capable of being
launched clear of any obstruction.
9-4 Section 9 – Life-Saving Appliances D

D. Rescue Boats − in compliance with C.3, if they are lifeboats

1. Number and requirements

Each unit shall carry at least one fast rescue boat
complying to the requirements of rules and regula-
tions defined in A.2.
2. Stowage
Rescue boats shall be stowed:
− in a state of continuous readiness for launching in
not more than 5 minutes
− in a position suitable for launching and recovery
− so that neither the rescue boats nor their stowage
arrangements will interfere with the operation of
any lifeboat or raft of another launching station
3. Embarkation and launching
The rescue boat embarkation and launching arra-
ngements shall be such that the rescue boat can
be boarded and launched in the shortest possible time.
Launching arrangements shall include a single point
hoist and release mechanism and in other aspects
comply with C.3.
4. Recovery
Rapid recovery of rescue boats shall be possible when
loaded with its full complement of at least six persons
and the relevant equipment.
 Annex A – List of Standards, Code, etc. Quoted A 2-1

Annex A

List of Standards, Codes, etc. Quoted

Table A.1 List of Standards, Codes, etc. Quoted

IACS
Volume / Section IMO ISO Others
UR
(D2.2)
2/1 (D2.1) ISM – 1 July 2002
(D1.6)
2/2 (D.4) (MODU)
2/3 (D.5) (MODU)
(D.3)
2/4 (D.6) (MODU)
(D.9)
A.749(18),
MSC.75(69),
2/5
A.543(13),
MODU
2/6
(D.3)
2/7 (D.4) MODU
(D.5) Load Line 66

1704
2/8 (D.3) MODU
9001
SOLAS Res 6(48)
LSA MSC.48(66)
MSC.81(70)
2/9
MSC.200(80)
A.534(13)

Explanation of abbreviations:
D1 – D12 Requirements concerning Mobile Offshore Drilling Units, Unified Requirements of IACS, 1996
IACS International Association of Classification Societies
IMO International Maritime Organization
ISM IMO International Safety Management Procedures, 1 July 2002
ISO International Standardization Organization
Load Line International Convention on Load Lines 1966
MODU Code for the Construction and Equipment of Mobile Offshore Drilling Units, issued by IMO
SOLAS Safety of Life at Sea, issued by IMO
(……) reference not explicitly declared in the text