Alice's Adventures in Wonderland. There was a table set out under a tree in front of the house, The March Hare and the Hatter were having tea at it. A Dormouse was sitting between them fast asleep and the other two vere talking over its head. ‘Very uncomfortable for the Dormouse,’ thought Alice, ‘only as t's asleep, | suppose it doesn't mind.” The table was large, but the three of them were all cronded together at one corner of it, ‘No room! No room|” they cried out when they saw Alice coming. “There's plenty of room!’ said Alice angriy and sat down ina large armchair at one end of the table. ‘Have some coffee,’ the March Hare said in an encouraging tone. Alice looked all round the table, but there was nothing on it but tea, ‘Idor't see any coffee,’ she remarked. ‘There isn't any.’ said the March Hare, “Then it wasn't very civl of you to offer it,” said Alice crossly ‘it wasn't very civil of you to sit down without being invited,’ said the March Hare, “Your hair needs cutting,’ said the Hatter. He had been looking at Alice for some time with great curiosity, but this was the first time he had spoken, “You shouldn't make personal remarks,’ Alice said severely, ‘it's very rude,” The Hatter opened his eyes very wide on hearing this, but all he said was, ‘Why isa raven lke a writing desk?” “Oh! We shall have some fun now!’ thought Alice. She enjoyed answering riddles. ‘| believe | can guess that,’ she said. ‘Do you mean that you think you can find out the answer to it?’ asked the March Hare. ‘Exactly 50,’ said Alice ‘Then you should say what you mean,’ the March Hare said. The following extract is adapted from a well-loved children’s book by Lewis Carroll, PET TM eT eel PaCS Oy ‘I do,’ Alice quickly replied, ‘at least~at least | mean what | say, that's the same thing, you know. ‘Wt not the same thing at all! said the Hatter. "You might just as well say that “I see what | eat” is the same thing as “I eat what | see"!’ "You might just as well say’ added the March Hare, “lke what | get” is the same thing as “I get what Ik “You might just as well say’ said the Dormouse, seemed to be talking in his sleep, “I breathe wh sleep” is the same thing as “I sleep when | breathe” ‘Itis the same thing with you,’ said the Hatter and the conversation came to a halt and the party sat sil for a minute, while Alice thought over all she cou remember about ravens and writing desks, which was much, The Hatter was the first to break the silence. ‘What dal of the month is it" he said turning to Alice. He had taken his watch out of his pocket and was looking at it uneasily shaking it every now and then, and holding it to his ear. Alice considered a litle, and then said ! the fourth.” “Two days wrong,’ sighed the Hatter. ‘| told you that butter wouldn't fix it,’ he added looking angrily at t March Hare ‘itwas best butter’ the March Hare meekly replied. “Yes, but some crumbs must have got in as well the Hatter grumbled. ‘You shouldn't have put it in with the bread knife. The March Hare took it and looked at it gloomily, the he dipped it into his cup of tea, and looked at again, but he could think of nothing better to sajf than bis first remark, ‘It vas the best butter, you know!Eee date, knife riddles. coffee. The March Hare and the Hatter don't want Alice to join them at the 8 The March Hare knows there is no The Hatter makes a rude comment about Alice's tea, rt time table, ming, pocket Hatter. butter, writing desks. har. Alice gets enjoyment from The March Hare tells Alice that she should say what is on her Alice doesnt remember much about ravens and The watch shows the wrong, 8. The March Hare has tried to fix the watch with. a Zr Aepzommone> BBBBRBAB ‘The March Hare dips the watch into his Jt Im this article about the Giant's Causeway some parts of sentences have been left out. Your task is to reconstruct the text by filling in the gaps from the list. Write the letters (A-K) In the white boxes next to the numbers (1-8) as in the example (0). There are two extra letters that you will not need. The Giant’s Causeway A Stretching five hundred feet (0) _ from Ireland in the direction of Scotland and composed of 40,000 individual columns, the Giant's Causeway certainly seems to be part of some kind of primitive road, Could 't perhaps have been an ancient pathway for a mythical colossus or is it just what it seems, a strange ‘geological phenomenon? According to the myth, 1) _, one of whom lived in ireland and the other in Scotland, The people of each country boasted that they had the mightier giant. One day, the Irish giant, who was known as Finn MacCool, decided to cross the North Channel to Scotland to confront the Scottish titan Finn Gall. He Gathered long stakes of stone and hammered them into the seabed building himself a road to Scotland, Finn MacCool (2) to complete the task and as night fell, he had managed to reach the coast of Scotland. However, he decided to wait until morning before attacking, so he returned home to have a good night's sleep. In the meantime, (3)_noticed the newly built causeway and seized the opportunity to strike the Irish giant while he was resting, Finn Gall arrived in Ireland and began searching immediately for Finn MacCool. When he (4) _, Finn MacCool’s wife told the unwelcome guest that her husband wasn't home, and that he was to keep the noise down lest he wake her sleeping child. On seeing the child, who was in fact the slumbering Irish giant, Finn Gall became so frightened (5) of how big the father must be, that he turned tail and fled back to Scotland, ripping fl enemas up the road as he went so it couldn't be used again. J) Today, most geologists agree that the causeway ,_'S volcanic in origin. Its formation occurred (6) __ cooled over a flat bed of basalt and contracted. This, of Course, took place around fifty million years ago, when ‘much of Northern Ireland and Western Scotland were yolcanically active. The topmost layer of lava cooled first and the rocks shrank and cracked into regular patterns like mud on a dry river bed. The cracks (7) moved downwards through the rock, spitting it and creating columns. Over thousands of years the sea has eroded the columns, so that today (8) i I j on the surface in recent times the cunning Scottish giant worked all day they are of different heights into the sea fortheexistenceofthe causeway found his rival's house once there were two giants when layers of molten lava at the thoughtRead this article about battery farming and then read the sentences (1-6) following it, Choose the option (A-D) that best corresponds to what the article says, Write the appropriate letters against the ‘numbers in the white boxes. There is an example (0) for you, 1 “What exactly is battery farming?’ one might well ask. Battery farming involves the production of eggs at the least possible cost using the least possible spac A chicken battery usually looks like an enormous garden shed with rows and rows of cages, inside which chickens are kept busy eating and laying eggs. However, this view of egg production doesn't actually sit well with most people. today, considering all the negative hype altached to it. For some years now, we have been receiving information through the media from environmental and animal rights organisations about how inhumane this system of egg production is. This has led many people to wrongly believe that this technique hhas been developed only recently. However, battery farming, which is one aspect of factory farming, has in fac been around for more than seventy years. The research was originally dor in America during the 1930s and has been used in Europe since just ater th end of World War II. Health rather than economy was the primary motivation for the development ‘of battery farming in the first place. The idea was to separate the birds from their waste, as this could contaminate the eggs with parasitic diseases. This ‘was why cages with sloping floors were introduced, enabling the egg to roll clear of the chicken waste as soon as the chicken had laid it. Al first, the cages were quite primitive, made of wood and wire. However, they were soon replaced by metal ones, as it was quickly understood that ‘wood became easily infected and was therefore unhygienic. In fact, it wasn't long before the whole system became automated, which required very it labour expenditure and cut down costs even more, making it very popular with poultry farmers.Reading Comprehension Genelicists have also been involved in battery farming, «doing research and cross-breeding birds in order to improve production. it wasn't until the late sixties that they came up with a bird capable of laying about three hundred eggs a yoat, each weighing approximately sixly-three grams. This, in combination with the fact that this bird also required the ‘minimal amount of feeding units, made it the ideal producer, and this type of bird has remained the most popular one up til now. Chickens arrive at battery farms at the age of sixteen weeks, They have their beaks trimmed to prevent injuries to other hens and they stay in their cages for a total of eighteen ‘months, until they are Killed for meat. It doesn't make economical sense to keep them any longer, as they produce Laces ry ere) However, battery farming has been outlawed in Europe. Other governments have been keen to follow suit, but they have been more inclined to introduce strict quidelines, whi ‘esearch is carried out to develop more humane methods of egg production. Demand for free-range eggs is steadily increasing, even though the price is higher than for battery hhen eggs. Some experts have claimed that it wouldn't be possible to have solely free-range chickens, because ‘there simply isn’t enough room, taking into consideration the demand that exists. Besides, research has shown that diseases are more likely to spread with free-range farming, ‘rather than the controlled environment. It seems like cages are here to stay, but some form of regulation is needed to fewer eggs after that age, and younger replacements can Support the chicken's welfare, ©. what does the writer suggest about batery farming? a A. Battery farming had been kept secret from the media 8. People think farmers haven't been using battery farming for very lon. | C. tis wrong to believe that battery farming is an Inexpensive solution D. Most people dont really care ow their eggs are produced 1L_what waste inital incentive for introducing battery farming? Ato reduce the price of egg production 8. to make egg production easier €. to Increase the amount of eggs being produced D. tomake egg production more hygienic 2. The rst battery chicken cages were A. hygienic 8, made of wood and wire replaced at regular intervals D. automated ‘ ‘ 3, What appealed to poultry farmers about battery farming? ! A. The improvementsin the design ofthe cages, 8. ensured less work and cheaper production C. twas a simpler system of producing eggs, D. The hens were abl to produce more eggs. 4 Inthe 1960s, geneticists helped battery farming by developing atype of chicken A. which ate less and produced more 8. that was immune to diseases, . which weighed more than previous bir. D. that could survive on a more economical kind of food 5. Chickens stayin battery farms for eighteen months because A. after that they are prone to injuries. 8, staying longer would reduce the quality ofthe meat. C. they dont produce as many eggs after that. D. they arent abe to survivein cages after that 6. What conclusion does the writer come to concerning battery farming? A Most countries wll stop using battery famingin the near future B. Free range eggs will become as cheap as batter farmed eggs, There wll aways be battery farming, butt willbe more controle, D Farms wi expand because they will have te cope with an Increase in free-range chickensRead this artick follow. Marka statement A fitis true according to the article, Mai Is false, Mark it Cif, on the basis of the arlicle, t cannot be decided if it is true or false. Wille the letters in the white boxes as In the example (0) A=TRUE B=FALSE C= THE TEXT DOES NOT SAY leabout the moon and then read the statements (1-8) that TUB THE BUNAR EFFECT Mankind has always been fascinated by the moon, and itis for this reason that it has been the cause ‘of much discussion. One could say that people are always fascinated by what they do not know or understand, but it seems that no amount of research hhas been able to break the spell that the moon has cast on us. ts mystical powers have been the topic of discussion in both fiction and non-fiction books because it has always been believed that a full moon has the ability to cause strange and unexplained {things to happen. Leaving fiction aside, itis a well-known fact that the moon does affect open bodies of water. For this, reason, changes in tides and underwater currents are expected during new and full moons. This fact was known by the ancient Greeks and Romans. Because the human body is made up of eighty per cent water, they also believed that the moon, and especially the full moon, could affect human behaviour. Throughout the course of history people continued to believe in, what came to be called, the “lunar lunacy effect’ or ‘Transylvania effect’. During the Middle Ages it was widely believed that people turned into werewolves or vampires during the full moon. However, one would think that in today’s age of science and technology people would have stopped believing in the ‘lunar lunacy effect’, but it continues 0. Man's interest in the moon is stil as strong as it was There are fiction and non-fiction books about the m: ‘The effect of the moon on the tide was first discover ‘The ancient Greeks and Romans believed that man a large percentage of man's body consists of water. ‘Anew moon was considered to be responsible for an increase in odd behaviour. During the Middle Ages, people claimed to see werewolves and vampires during a full moon. People in the health profession are not usually convinced by the idea of the "lunar lunacy effect’ In 2007, there was a rise in the number of crimes in Our beliefs about the moon affect what we observe, tobe a widely held belief. The full moonis still held responsible for strange behaviour. On a full moon there are apparently more crimes, suicides, traffic accidents, psychiatric hospital admissions, dog bites and fights. Surveys that have been carried out clearly show that tis not only poorly educated people with a Poor educational background who believe in this, effect, but also people with a good educational background. in addition, a person’s profession has been found to affect their belief in it.For instance, those involved in health professions are more easily convinced of its effect than others. Itis claimed by many in this line of work that patients in psychiatric wards tend to be more restless and behave more strangely on a full moon. In 2007 in the UK, police departments had more police officers patrolling on. a full moon than on other nights. This was done in an attempt to deal with the expected increase in crime. Although systematic research has been carried out, no evidence has been found that can prove without a doubt the existence of the ‘unar lunacy effect’. till ‘many are convinced that it exists, and no amount of research that proves otherwise can change their minds. It must be said, though, that just as in other instances, if we choose to believe in the ‘lunar lunacy. effect’, on a full moon, we will observe what we consider to belts effects. inthe past. ‘agical powers of the moon. red by the ancient Greeks. could be influenced by the full moon because the UK.