ABSTRACT

Specially challenged
people, they usually find
difficult to get all the
medical attention in one
place. There are lot of
different type of physical
challenges. A place to

COMMUNITY CENTER FOR treat, educate & train them

in life, to give more than
an ordinary hospital or
SPECIALLY ABLED PEOPLE health care center.

SUBMITTED BY:

NAME: HARSHA VARDHAN U

ROLL NO: 18171AA022
CLASS: SEM-VIII-A
TOPIC: Community Center for Specially Abled People.
INTRODUCTION:
People intends to achieve everything at one place. Like medical hubs, it
contains every available feature for those particular criteria. Specially challenged
people, they usually find difficult to get all the medical attention in one place. There
are lot of different type of physical challenges. A place to treat, educate & train them
in life, to give more than an ordinary hospital or health care center.

AIM:
To design a Community Center for Specially Abled people.
AREA OF STUDY:
• Medical center for disabled people
• Orphanage for specially challenged people.
• Parks & canteens.
• Fitness centers
• Library
TYPE OF DISABLED PEOPLE:
• Locomotor Disability:
• Visual Impairment:
• Hearing Impairment
• Speech and Language Disability
• Chronic Neurological Conditions
• Blood Disorder
• Multiple Disabilities
• Cerebral Palsy

OBJECTIVE:
• To provide medical attention as well as other activities to improve themselves.
• One place for all the needs of disabled people.
• Barrier free environment specially designed for disabled persons.
• Hub to accumulate all the age groups.
• Learning and applying knowledge.
• Managing tasks and demands.
• Managing self-care tasks.
• Managing domestic life.
 • Establishing and managing interpersonal relationships and interaction.
• Engaging in community, social, and civic life.

SCOPE:
• To achieve a combined space for specially challenged people which will
accumulate maximum people with different disabilities.
• To help the disabled persons in various fields like education, fitness, sports
etc.
• To make a social interaction between orphans and common people inside the
medical hub.
• To make barrier free flow of space for all the type of disabled users.
 COMMUNITY CENTRE FOR SPECIALLY
ABLED PEOPLE
SPECIALLY ABLED PEOPLE
Definition:
When an individual has different capabilities comparative to an
average person then the individual is referred to as a “Specially-abled”
person. Such people either have a mental or physical disability and
these disabilities make them special or unique.
Disabilities in early childhood
Despite all the best efforts at
prevention, children may be born with or
develop the following disabilities in early
childhood, from the causes which are not
yet fully understood or could be prevented.
Types of Disabilities:

1. Visual impairment
2. Hearing impairment
3. Loco motor impairment; Cerebral Palsy

According to the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (RPwD) Act,

2016, Disability has been defined based on an evolving and dynamic
concept. The Act covers the following specified disabilities: -

1. Physical Disability:

o Locomotor Disability:
 Leprosy Cured Person
 Cerebral Palsy
 Dwarfism
 Muscular Dystrophy
 Acid Attack Victims
o Visual Impairment:
 Blindness
 Low Vision
o Hearing Impairment:
 Deaf
 Hard of Hearing
o Speech and Language Disability
 2. Intellectual Disability:
o Specific Learning Disabilities
o Autism Spectrum Disorder
3. Mental Behaviour (Mental Illness)
4. Disability caused due to: -
o Chronic Neurological Conditions such as:
 Multiple Sclerosis
 Parkinson’s Disease
o Blood Disorder:
 Haemophilia
 Thalassemia
 Sickle Cell Disease
Blindness
A condition where a person suffers from any of the following conditions
namely:
 Total absence of sight or
 Visual acuity not exceeding 6/60 or 20/200 (Snellen) in the better
eye with correcting lenses; or
 Limitation of the field vision subtending an angle of 20 degree or
worse.

Person with low vision

A person with impairment of visual functioning even after treatment or
standard refractive correction but who uses or is potentially capable of
using vision for the planning or execution of a task with appropriate
assistive device.

Cerebral Palsy
A group of non - progressive conditions characterized by abnormal
motor control posture resulting from brain insult or injuries occurring in
the peri - natal, neo - natal or infant period of development.

Hearing impairment
Loss of sixty decibels or more in the better ear in the conversational
range of frequencies.

Leprosy cured person

Any person who has been cured of leprosy but is suffering from –
 loss of sensation in hands or feet as well as loss of sensation and
paresis in the eye –
  lid but with no manifest deformity;
 manifest deformity and paresis but having
sufficient mobility in their hands and feet to
enable them to engage in normal
economic activity;
 extreme e physical deformity as well as
advanced age which prevents him from
undertaking any gainful occupation.

Locomotor disability
Disability of the bones, joint or muscles leading to substantial restriction
of the movement of the limbs or a usual form of cerebral palsy.

Impairment
Missing or defective body part, an amputated limb, paralysis after polio,
restricted pulmonary capacity, diabetes, near-sightedness, mental
retardation, limited hearing capacity, facial disfigurement or other
abnormal condition.

Disabilities
As a result of impairment may involve difficulties in walking, seeing,
speaking, hearing, reading, writing, counting, lifting, or taking interest in
and making one’s surrounding.

Temporary Total Disability - Period in which the affected person is

totally unable to work. During this period, he may receive orthopaedic,
ophthalmological, auditory or speech any other medical treatment.
Temporary partial Disability - Period when recovery has reached the
stage of improvement so that person may began some kind of gainful
occupation.

Permanent Disability - Permanent damage or loss of use of some

part/parts of the body after the stage of maximum improvement [from
any medical treatment] has been reached and the condition is stationary
Handicap:
A disability becomes a handicap when it interferes with doing what is
expected at a particular time in one’s life.
 Statistics of Disability In India:

Overall, 2.21% of Indian population has one or the other kind of

disability. This means 2.68 crore (26.8 million) people in India are
disabled.

Disabled Male Population

Out of total 62.32 crore male Indian citizens, there are 1.5 crore (15
million) disabled males in India.

Disabled Female Population

Out of total 58.76 crore female Indian citizens, there are 1.18 crore (11.8
million) disabled females in India.

Disabled Population living in Rural / Urban Areas

About 69% of the overall disabled Indian population lives rural areas.
This tells us that 1.86 crore (18.6 million) disabled people live in rural
areas.

Only about 0.81 crore (8.1 million) disabled people live in urban areas.
Disabled Population by Type of Disability

 19% people have vision related disabilities

 19% people have hearing related disabilities
 7% people have speech impairment
 20% people have locomotor disabilities
 6% people are affected by mental retardation
 3% people are suffering with mental illness
 18% people have other types of disabilities
 8% people have multiple disabilities
In all the above cases, males are more affected than females.

Disabled Population in India by Age Group

 5% of all disabled people are in the age group of 0-4 years

 7% disabled people are in the age group of 5-9 years
 17% disabled people are in the age group of 10-19 years
 16% disabled people are in the age group of 20-29 years
 13% disabled people are in the age group of 30-39 years
 12% disabled people are in the age group of 40-49 years
 9% disabled people are in the age group of 50-59 years
 10% disabled people are in the age group of 60-69 years
  7% disabled people are in the age group of 70-79 years
 3% disabled people are in the age group of 80-89 years
 1% disabled people are in the age group of 90+ years (or
age not specified)
The percentage of disabled is highest in the age group 10-19 years
followed by age group 20-29 years for both the male and female
disabled persons.

Among the disabled males, 18% are elderly (above 60 years of age)
whereas 23% of female disabled are elderly.

Education in Indian Disabled Population

In 2011, only 61% of the disabled children aged 5-19 years were
attending educational institution. 12% had attended earlier and 27%
never attended an educational institution.

In the age group of 5-19 years, only 43% of girls were attending
school/college.

Data shows that disabled children of

5-19 years age group, more children
in rural areas never attended school
or left education in midway.

The following chart shows

percentages of male and females
who never attended educational
institution by the type of disability:
As the chart shows, 54% people with multiple disabilities never attended
an educational institution. Also, we can see that vision-impairment and
multiple disabilities almost equally affect education of females.

Literacy of Disabled Population in India

Of the total disabled population, nearly 55% or 1.46 crores (14.6 million)
people are literates.

62% of males and only 45% of females are literate.

In the rural areas, 49% of the disabled are literates while in urban areas,
the percentage of literates among disabled population is 67%.

Educational Status of Indian Disabled Population

 Among the male disabled persons, 38% are illiterates.

 16% of the disabled male population has matric/ secondary
education but are not graduates
 6% are graduates and above.
 About 9% among the male disabled literates are graduates.
 Among the female disabled persons, 55% are illiterates.
 9% of the disabled female population has matric/ secondary
education but are not graduates and 3% are graduates and above.
 About 7.7% among the female disabled literates, are graduates.
Marriage and Disabled People in India

46.87% of the total disabled persons are currently married, whereas

41.72% are never married and 10.29% of them are widowed.

The State/ UTs which are home to more than 1% of the total disabled
persons are depicted below:
 The share of the disabled persons in the remaining 17 States/ UTs to the total
population of disabled persons is less than 1%.
Specific Area of Study: Locomotor Disabled People
A number of medical conditions cause temporary or permanent locomotor
disability. The most well-known example is polio. We all have seen how
polio forces people to walk with crutches and use wheelchair. This is because
polio usually weakens limb muscles and as a result the affected person will
not be able to make unrestricted use of her legs and arms. Other cause of
locomotor disability is:

 Amputation (removal of limb or a part of it) obviously becomes

the cause of locomotor disability.
 Paralysis is caused due to a large number of reasons. And
then paralysis often becomes the cause of locomotor disability.
 Cerebral Palsy
 Muscular dystrophy
 Short stature/ dwarfism
 Neurological conditions
 Cardiopulmonary diseases

Some Common Conditions That Can Cause Locomotor Disability Are

 – Polio
 – Cerebral Palsy
 – Amputation
 – Spinal Injuries
 – Injuries of Head
 – Soft Tissues
 – Fractures
 – Muscular Dystrophies
 – Paralysis
 – Dwarfism
 – Neurological conditions
 – Arthritis

Locomotor Disability-Social Issue:

Locomotor impairments, though need medical attention and in certain cases
specialised ones, social problems that it poses need an integrated approach. For a
locomotor patient, as the experience goes, the need of a medico is as much as that
of a congenial surrounding, which cannot be provided in isolation. The society as a
whole has to come forward to accept the challenge of providing the physically
challenged a wholesome ambience. No single section of the society can handle the
problem on its own. It has to be an integrated approach in which the medicos, social
scientists, engineers, administrators and a whole lot of others have to come together
to come to grips with the challenges to the satisfaction of that section of the society
which got a raw deal for far too long. They should not feel left alone.
The National Sample Survey in its 1991 report also
estimated that 467 of 1000 person of 60 plus age as
having locomotor dysfunction. It is anyone's guess
that the number must have gone out of the roof by
now.

Disability in Telangana:
 WORLD DEMOGRAPHICS
Age-specific disability prevalence, derived from multidomain
functioning levels in 59 countries, by country income level and sex

Global ageing trends: median age by country income

Remarkable people suffered from Locomotor disability:
1. FRIDA KAHLO
She suffered polio during her childhood and, according to
some sources, also had spina bifida, which caused
dysmetria in her right leg. In addition, her spinal problems
were aggravated by an accident suffered in her
adolescence, which left her with physical issues for her
entire life.
Frida spent much of her life in bed suffering from severe
pain. Even so, she became one of the most famous
artists of all time and an icon of the twentieth century.

2. JOHN NASH
Another example of a celebrity with a disability who broke
the mold is John Nash, an American mathematician
whose life, marked by acute paranoid schizophrenia, is
known to us thanks to the film "A Beautiful Mind." Aware
of his illness, Nash fought against it and developed a
successful academic career that earned him the Nobel
Prize in Economics in 1994.

3. STEPHEN HAWKING
A theoretical physicist, astrophysicist, cosmologist, and
eminent scientist, Stephen Hawking was diagnosed with
ALS at age 21: he was given two more years to live. He
lived the rest of his life - 55 more years - paralyzed from
head to toe. He used a voice synthesizer to communicate
and a wheelchair that he operated through slight
movements of his head and eyes.
None of this prevented him from developing his activity as
an exemplary researcher and professor, and an intense
personal life that has allowed him to make his illness
known to the world. Becoming one of the most
recognizable celebrities of our time, his story was taken
to the cinema in the film "The Theory of Everything."
Hawking passed away peacefully in his home in
Cambridge, England on March 14, 2018.
4. NICK VUJICIC
Nick Vujicic is another world-famous celebrity with a
disability, and founder of Life Without Limbs - an
organization for people with physical disabilities.
Vujicic was born in 1982 with no limbs. He claims that as
a child he suffered ridicule and discrimination, and tried to
commit suicide, but with time he learned to see his own
potential.
He is currently giving motivational talks around the world,
has written several books and is a regular on talk shows
and TV programs. He became very famous when starring
in the touching short film "The Butterfly Circus."

5. ANDREA BOCCELLI
Tenor, musician, writer, and musical producer of Italian origin, Andrea Boccelli has
sold more than 75 million records.
He was born with congenital glaucoma that left him
partially blind, something that did not prevent him from
taking piano lessons until the age of six. However, at age
12 he suffered a blow during a soccer game that left him
completely blind. Endowed with a spirit of innate
improvement, he decided to focus entirely on music,
specifically on singing. He also studied law.
Boccelli has received numerous awards of international
prestige and even has a beach named after him on the
Adriatic.

6. MICHAEL J. FOX
One of the most famous people with a well-known
disability. The protaganist of "Back to the Future" was
diagnosed with Parkinson's disease in 1991 when he was
only 29 years old and his career was in full success.
He was told that he should withdraw from the stage, but
he did not stop being an actor. Although at first it was not
easy to accept his illness (he fell into depression and
alcoholism), in the last decade he has not stopped
working and his foundation has already raised $233
million for Parkinson's disease research.
7. ALEX ZANARDI
After several years competing in Formula 1, Alex Zanardi
suffered an accident in 2001 in which both legs were
amputated. Three years later, he was on the track again
driving a BMW for which he himself had adapted some
prostheses.
He won four World Touring Car Championship (WTCC)
victories. However, in 2007 he decided to focus his
sporting efforts on adapted cycling. The tricycle he rides
has also been designed by himself, and, to date, he has
won three Paralympic gold medals.

8. AARON FOTHERINGHAM
In addition to being one of the most inspirational disabled celebrities, Aaron
Fotheringham is also one of the most famous skaters in
the world. His specialty? Wheelchair skater.
During his childhood, Aaron underwent several failed hip
operations that forced him to use a wheelchair
permanently. Even so, he continued to practice a sport
which he was passionate about adapting to his disability.
In 2005, Aaron Fotheringham landed a great jump with a
180° turn, and in 2006 made the first somersault in
wheelchair history. Since then, his achievements and
challenges are an example for hundreds of people.
Reference:
o https://enabled.in/
o https://wecapable.com/
o www.disabled-world.com
o www.vikaspedia.com
o www.who.int
o www.un.org
o www.nidirect.gov.in
o www.cdc.gov
o www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
o www.researchgate.net
o www.commonwealthfund.org
o www.cms.gov
o www.statista.com
o www.nhfdc.nic.in
o http://www.rehabcouncil.nic.in
o https://www.sadarem.telangana.gov.in/sadaremdefault.do#
o www.refworld.org
o www.who.int/teams/noncommunicable-diseases/sensory-
functions-disability-and-rehabilitation/world-report-on-disability