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Recent Patents on Electrical & Electronic Engineering 2012, 5, 207-210 207

Design of Planar/Coplanar Compact Band-Stop Filter Using SGS Resona-

tors and Multi-Interdigital Capacitors

Ahmed Boutejdar*, Sonja Boutejdar, Abbas Omar and Edmund Burte

Chair of Microwave and Communication Engineering University of Magdeburg, Universitaetsplatz 02 3106 Magdeburg
Germany

Received: July 26, 2012; Revised: August 5, 2012; Accepted: August 6, 2012

Abstract: This letter presents, a novel compact planar/coplanar Band-Stop Filter (BSF) using octagonal slotted ground
structure (SGS) in combination with a multi interdigital (MIDC) and compensated capacitors (MIDC), while the coupling
matrix method is used in order to improve the filter characteristics. The filters will be realized through direct electromag-
netic coupling and slow wave effect methods. The proposed filters have lower and higher cut-off frequencies of 3.4 GHz
and 7.3 GHz respectively. Better compactness of the structure and symmetry of the frequency response have been
achieved as well as two reflection zeros close to the stop band have been obtained. A comparison between simulation and
experimental results confirms the validity of the proposed design approach. The compact planar filter occupies an area of
(0.52
g
0.34
g) at a guide wavelength
g = 29 mm and an area of (0.51
g
0.49
g) with
g = 27 mm. Both band stop
filters have been fabricated and measured. Measurements are in good agreement with simulation results. This paper
reviews some promising patents on design of planar/coplanar compact band-stop filter using SGS resonators and multi-
interdigital capacitors.
Keywords: Coplanar band-stop filter, multi-interdigital capacitor (MIDC), octagonal-resonator, planar band-stop filter, slotted
ground structure (SGS).

I. INTRODUCTION
Microwave filters, including low-pass, high-pass, band-
pass, and band-stop types, play an important role in modern
mobile communication systems. The realisation of high per-
formance slotted ground structure band-stop filter seems to
be more challenging because the etched metal in the ground
layer introduces extra loss as radiation. The band stop struc-
ture based on the waveguide technique leads good results
[1], but its three dimensional (3-D) configuration is not easy
to be integrated with planar circuits. It is known that the
etched defect disturbs the shield current distribution in the
ground plane [2-8]. This disturbance can change the charac-
teristics of a transmission line such as line capacitance and
inductance [9-13]. This gives rise to an increased effective
capacitance and inductance for the transmission line, thus an
LC equivalent circuit can be used to model the defect ground
structure (DGS) circuit [14-24].
In this paper, a new compact SGS band stop microstrip
filter using slow wave effect, electromagnetic coupling is
presented.
Figure 1 shows the form of SGS resonator. In order to
minimize the parasitic reactance, which can lead to phase
and amplitude errors thus increasing the losses in the pass
band and reject band deterioration.

*Address correspondence to this author at the Chair of Microwave and

Communication Engineering University of Magdeburg, Universitaetsplatz Fig. (1a) The transformation of ring resonator to octagonal SGS
02 3106 Magdeburg Germany; E-mail: Ahmed.Boutejdar@ovgu.de cell, (b) the 3D-view of the octagonal-SGS cell.
208 Recent Patents on Electrical & Electronic Engineering, 2012, Vol. 5, No. 3 Boutejdar et al.

A new geometric trick or geometric approach will be

used in order to eliminate or to minimize the effect of the
discontinuity, by compensating the discontinuity through
employing mitered bents, see Fig. (1) .The cascaded coupled
octagonal SGS resonators result in a lossless and symmetri-
cal structure. In Fig. (2) a comparison of the simulation re-
sults of the SGS structure and its corresponding circuit illus-
trates the close resemblance between EM simulation results
& circuit simulation results.

Fig. (2). Simulation results of proposed octagonal-SGS.

II. SINGLE-INTERDIGITAL CAPACITANCE
A schematic 3D view of the octagonal one-pole SGS-
band stop filter is shown in Fig. (3) with only one IDC [9-
12]. It is composed of an open-ring including IDC in the
metallic ground plane and a microstrip line on the top layer.
The introduction of the interdigital-capacitance (IDC) in-
creases the effective capacitance of the structure and leads to
decreasing of the resonance pole of the filter. In order to con-
trol the stop band, a simple idea is to add several IDCs along
on the structure. This idea will be simulated and realized
using the resonator topology, illustrated in Fig. (3) and Fig.
(4)
Fig. (3a) The 3D view of the octagonal-slot on the ground plane
with IDC, (b) the 3D view of the octagonal-slot on the ground plane
with MIDC.
permittivity r of 3.38 and a thickness h of 0.813 mm. Simu-
lation is performed using Microwave Office [25]. Figure 4
shows photographs of the fabricated BSF filter, which is
composed of two open-rings in the metallic ground plane and
a compensating microstrip line on the top layer. The total
area is 20 mm
15 mm.

III. DESIGN OF BAND STOP FILTER USING SGS

WITH SINGLE AND MULTI-IDC
In order to verify the validity of the proposed IDC idea.
The filter was fabricated and measured using an HP8722D
network analyser as shows Fig. (4). The comparison between
simulated and measured results is shown in Fig. (5). A very
good agreement between the simulated and measured results
is observed. In the passband, the measured insertion and re-
turn loss were less than 0.7dB and 18dB, respectively. Addi-
tionally, the simulation results showed that the designed fil-
ter has a good sharpness factor, symmetrical response and
lower losses in the pass band.
The results promise a significantly improved perform-
ance over the filters previously presented in [7, 12].
The two-pole band stop filter was simulated and fabrica-
ted on a substrate with a relative dielectric constant relative
Fig. (4). The photography of the fabricated band stop filter with one
IDC.
A new BSF with two octagonal SGSs including six IDCs
in the metallic ground plane and microstrip capacitances on
the top layer has been fabricated as shown in Fig. (6)
whereas the measured and the simulated results are shown in
Fig. (7) an insertion loss of less than 0.2 dB in the stop band
and an attenuation of more than 15 dB in both pass bands.
Using IDCs lead to a compact size of the filter and provided
sharp rejection due to the reflection zeros near the stop band
edge.

2213-1132/12 $100.00+.00 © 2012 Bentham Science Publishers

Design of Planar/Coplanar Compact Band-Stop Filter
Fig. (5). Measured and simulated S-parameters of octagonal DGS
BSF with interdigital capacitor.
Fig. (6). The photography of the fabricated band-stop filter with
MIDC
Fig. (7). Measured and simulated S-parameters of the proposed
BSF.
IV. THE NEW OCTAGONAL COPLANAR CPW BSF
The proposed coplanar band stop filter in the CPW envi-
ronment based on the conventional open-loop-ring (octago-
nal) resonator is shown in Fig. (8). The size of the open-loop
ring itself is 8.4 x 8.4 mm2.
Recent Patents on Electrical & Electronic Engineering, 2012, Vol. 5, No. 3 209
Fig. (8). Layout of the proposed coplanar open-loop ring SGS BSF.
The proposed octagonal CPW band stop filter has been
designed, optimized and realized. The measured frequency
response shows the 3 dB cut-off frequencies of 3.4 and 7.39
GHz, and two reflection zeros located at 4.3, and 8.5 GHz.
The highest insertion loss in the low pass band is better than
0.25 dB, and in the high-frequency pass-band is better than
2.3 dB .The highest return loss in the stop-band is better than
1.35 dB.
Figure 9a depicts the fabricated filter. The measurement
is shown in Fig. (9b). A very good agreement between the
Fig. (9a) Photo of the fabricated open-loop ring BSF, (b) simulated
and measured frequency responses of the proposed open-loop ring
BSF
210 Recent Patents on Electrical & Electronic Engineering, 2012, Vol. 5, No. 3
simulated and the measured result is achieved except at the
third transmission zero position which is shifted to a lower
frequency. The stop band of this structure can be tuned using
a MEMS switch on the resonator arm or by changing the
dimensions of the arm. This most probably occurred due to
the metallization thickness which has not been taken into
account in the simulation results as well as due to the fabri-
cation tolerances. This newly proposed CPW-DGS structure
could also find various applications such as a band pass fil-
ter, phase shifter, and multi pole switch.
V. CURRENT & FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS
In this paper two methods were used in order to design a
compact loss less band stop filter. Additionally a octagonal
ring resonator was used in order to increase the coupling
between the neighbour SGS-resonators, thus to improve the
filter characteristics. We added interdigital capacitor-
technique to control the resonance pole and to improve the
symmetry of the filter response. The measurement results
have shown the good agreement with the simulation results.
Due to the DGS-slow wave effect thus to the compactness
the proposed structure can also be of interest for the design
of compact microwave devices.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
This work was done in the University Magdeburg, Ger-
many and was financial supported by German Research
Foundation, Germany.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors are grateful to administrator Mr. D. Winkler
for his computer assistance and Rodieck and Dempewolf, the
lab managers of the Institute for Electronics, Signal Process-
ing and Communication (IESK) at the University of Magde-
burg, Germany.
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