International Journal of Emerging Trends & Technology in Computer Science (IJETTCS)

Web Site: www.ijettcs.org Email: editor@ijettcs.org, editorijettcs@gmail.com Volume 2, Issue 6, November December 2013 ISSN 2278-6856

DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF Y-SHAPE POWER DIVIDER USING IMPROVED DGS

1

Samdeesh Singh, 2 Sunisha Rani

1

Asst. Prof, IILM, Greater Noida, India M.Tech Research Scholar, SLIET, Longowal, Punjab, India

Abstract: The power divider have gained interest due to

compact design and its use in antenna arrays, in building wireless communication system and also in Signal processing applications. In this paper, a Y shaped power divider has been designed and simulated at operating frequency range between 3 GHz to 8 GHz. Defected Ground Structure has been designed on the ground of power divider to eliminate harmonic signals. This DGS works as a band stop filter. The dielectric material selected for the design is Silicon dioxide which has a dielectric constant of 3.9. The modelling and simulation of proposed Y shaped power divider has been done with Methods of moments based IE3D software. The results show that the proposed power divider may be used in C-band applications and also demonstrate wideband operation in the range 4 GHz to 8 GHz.

communications under adverse weather conditions like rain fade in comparison with Ku band. In this paper a Y shaped power divider has been designed and simulated with methods of moments based IE3D software. In Section II, the design parameters, equations and geometry of the model is presented. Section III discusses about modelling of Y shaped power divider. IV presents the results and discussions. Section V gives the conclusion of the paper.

II. DEFECTED GROUND STRUCTURE

A square shape DGS has been inscribed on a microstrip line consisting of dielectric substrate and a ground plane of height h. The distance between two square shape DGS is known as gap distance and is signified by alphabet g. Width of microstrip line is given by w and a is the area of DGS.

Keywords: Power Divider, DGS , Harmonics, C-band, harmonics

I. INTRODUCTION
Power divider mean that equipment which is use to divide power. Power divider has been applied to various devices meant to assign power to a number of outputs [1]. A power divider has a single designated input port and more than one output port. All ports are ideally matched and output ports are separated from one another in order to stop concealment of both the output ports so that the output coming from both the ports did not match each other and to obtain a noise less output [2]. It is usual, but not compulsory, for the transmission from the input port to be same to all output. In last few decades, power dividers have most often been an experimental topic for many scientists because so much of up gradation has been done in this field [3]. Due to its compact size nowadays power divider has been used in many upcoming gadgets, antennas, home appliances and many more applications [4]. Distortion can be defined as the unwanted harmonics. The unwanted harmonics get generated because of nonlinear property of active circuit components. There is very negative effect of the distortion on the output signal. So in order to eliminate the harmonic signals in Wilkinson power divider, we make use of an additional band stop filter or rejection filter to suppress the specific harmonic signals [5]. DGS can be used on the place of band stop filter due to its numerous advantages on a simple filter [6]. DGS stands for Defected Ground Structures. The DGS can be applied by making an intentional defect on the ground of power divider [7]. One of the most appropriate frequency bands is C-band. The C-band frequencies are preferred in satellite Volume 2, Issue 6 November December 2013

,
Fig.1 DGS structure

DGS provides band rejection properties at some resonance frequency corresponding to the size of defect on the ground [8]. By changing the dimension of DGS the rejection property can be improved. By using IE3D software, parameters like return loss, s-parameter, resonant frequency has been calculated of the power divider containing DGS.

III. MODELING OF POWER DIVIDER IN IE3D

Electromagnetic simulation is an advanced technology to yield high accuracy analysis and design of complicated microwave and RF printed circuit, antennas, high-speed digital circuits and other electronic components. IE3D is an integrated full-wave electromagnetic simulation and Page 23

International Journal of Emerging Trends & Technology in Computer Science (IJETTCS)

Web Site: www.ijettcs.org Email: editor@ijettcs.org, editorijettcs@gmail.com Volume 2, Issue 6, November December 2013 ISSN 2278-6856
optimization package for the analysis and design of 3D and planar microwave circuits, MMIC, RFIC, RFID, antennas, digital circuits and power dividers. IE3D is a full-wave EM solver. It solves the Maxwell Equations, which govern the macro electromagnetic phenomenon. There is no much assumption involved except the numerical nature of the method. Therefore, the solution is extremely accurate. The original Maxwells Equations are in differential form and the solutions of the equations are the electric (E) field and magnetic (H) field in the whole space. To solve an EM problem, there is need to solve the E and H-fields numerically. Numerical solution of the original Maxwell Equations of E-field and H-field involves many unknowns. Instead, the IE3D solves the Maxwells Equations in an integral form through the use of Green's functions. IE3D try to represent the E-field and H-field as some weighted integrals of electric current on metallic structures and magnetic current derived from the electric field distribution on a metallic aperture. Designing of optimised power divider with harmonics rejection factor and improved efficiency has been done by purposing a new defected ground structure in IE3D software. The dielectric material selected for the design is Silicon which has a dielectric constant of 4.3. The height of the dielectric substrate is selected as 1.59 mm.

Fig 3. A proposed DGS

Fig 4. Geometry of Y shaped Power Divider with DGS on the ground in IE3D Fig 2 Dimension of Y shaped power divider

w1 is the width of input of power divider and w2 is width of output ports of power divider. In order to find the values of w1 and w2 below formulas has been used which are known as hammerstad formulas. W= Where A can be given by A= + (2) where is known as dielectric constant of substrate. Hence by applying above formulas the values of w1 and w2 has been calculated as w1= 4.12mm , w2 = 2.44 mm

.h

(1)

By considering the LC equivalent structure of the DGS then it has been concluded that the values of L and C can be independently controlled by the Area, Gap Distance of DGS. The value of gap distance has been chosen by undergoing an experiment in which optimization has been done in order to get the appropriate gap distance and after that further simulation has been done. After initial meshing and refinement, parametric solver has been used to solve the Y Shaped power divider model to obtain the electric field distribution, and Return loss ( ) parameter.

IV. DESIGN SPECIFICATION OF DGS

DGS is an intestinal defect which is marked on ground in order to make it a filter [9]. Whenever we make a defect in the ground that defect start collecting the charge, this property can be used to make filter, as it will be used to suppress the high frequency signals and can be used as a band rejection filter [10]. In order to get better results, the dimension of DGS can be taken appropriate. Dielectric constant of substrate has been taken as 4.6mm. Thickness of substrate has been taken as 1.6mm. Volume 2, Issue 6 November December 2013

Fig. 5 Equivalent LCR circuit of DGS

V. RESULTS
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International Journal of Emerging Trends & Technology in Computer Science (IJETTCS)

Web Site: www.ijettcs.org Email: editor@ijettcs.org, editorijettcs@gmail.com Volume 2, Issue 6, November December 2013 ISSN 2278-6856
A ) RETURN LOSS ( ) AT DIFFERENT GAP DISTANCE OF DGS Dielectric constant and thickness of the substrate has been kept constant which is 4.8 and 1.6mm. By varying the gap distance of the Defected Ground Structure, change in return loss has been observed.
Table 1: Bandwidth, Resonant frequency and return loss at different gap distance

S No. 1 2 3

Gap distanc e (mm) 0.5 0.7 0.9

Return loss (dB) -14 -12 -18

Bandwidt h (MHz) 120 220 275

Resonant Frequency (GHz) 5.95 5.5 6.3

B. RESULT WITHOUT DGS

In this section results of have been compared, with DGS and without DGS. The graphs shown below depicts that there is no suppression of signal without DGS which means that no harmonics has been eliminated and there will be a distorted signal at the output but with DGS, it shows a suppression of harmonics up to -20 dB at frequency 2.4 GHz.

Fig. 6 Return loss (

) at gap distance 0.5mm

Fig. 9

of power divider without DGS (Magnitude Vs Frequency)

Fig. 7 Return loss (

) at gap distance 0.7mm

Fig. 10:

of power divider with DGS (Magnitude Vs Frequency)

V1. CONCLUSIONS

So it has been concluded that the DGS is an effective device in order to suppress harmonics in the signals. By increasing the gap distance of the proposed DGS the bandwidth of the power divider increases. The proposed power divider can be used in C- Band applications.

REFRENCES
Fig. 8 Return loss ( ) at gap distance 0.9mm

[1] G. R. Branner,Design of microstrip T junction power divider circuits for enhanced performance,

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International Journal of Emerging Trends & Technology in Computer Science (IJETTCS)

Web Site: www.ijettcs.org Email: editor@ijettcs.org, editorijettcs@gmail.com Volume 2, Issue 6, November December 2013 ISSN 2278-6856
IEEE trans. Microw. Theory tech., vol 3 ,no. 7,pp.200-203, jul 2008. [2] Preetham B kumar Optimization of Microwave T Junction Power-Divider Circuits, 37th Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems, pp.208-210, August 2004 [3] D. M. Pozar, Microwave Engineering, John Wiley & Sons, 2005. [4] Jordan A Compact Multilayered Magic-T in Microstrip Form and Its Application to remove distortion IEEE Microw. Microw. GuideWave Lett., vol. 8, no. 7, pp. 1718, Aug. 2007 [5] J. S. Park, J.-S. Yun, and D. Ahn, A design of the novel coupledline bandpass filter using defected ground structure with wide stopband performance, IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol. 50, no. 9, pp.20372043, Sep. 2002. [6] D C. hussain, J. Park, Y. Qian, and T. Itoh, A design of the low pass filter using EBG, IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol. 49, pp. 86 - 93, Jan. 2001 [7] Ashwini K. Arya, M.V. Kartikeyan , A.Patnaik.Defected Ground Structure in the perspective of Microstrip Antennas, Frequenz-64, pp 79-84, 2010. [8] L. H. Weng, Y. C. Guo, X. W. Shi, and X. Q. Chen, An Overview On Defected Ground Structure, Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 7, 173 189, 2008. [9] Insik Chang, Bomson Lee, Design of Defected Ground Structures for Harmonic Control of Active Microstrip Antenna, IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium , vol.2, pp 852-855, August 2002 [10] D. Ahn,J. Park, C. Kim, J.Kim, J. Park, Y. Qian, and T. Itoh, A design of the low pass filter using the novel microstrip defected ground structure, IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol. 49, pp. 86 - 93, Jan. 2001. 1. Samdeesh Pal Singh Samdeesh is working as Assistant Professor in CET-IILM-AHL Greater Noida. He has done his M.Tech from SLIET, Longowal. His areas of interest include Electromagnetics, Microwave Comm., Wireless communication and Antenna design. Presently he is working on optical fibre and its applications in solar. 2. Sunisha Rani Sunisha has done her B.Tech ECE from Punjab Technical University. She is presently going her M.Tech from SLIET, Longowal. She is doing research on spiral slot antennas.

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